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January 11, 2013
Bible professor dies
Dr. Ken Neller, professor in the University's College of Bible and Ministry, died suddenly of a heart attack Jan. 10. Neller, 58, was also a preacher and elder at Downtown Church of Christ in Searcy.
Neller was born in Corona, Calif., and grew up in Huntsville, Ala. After graduating from high school in 1972, Neller came to Harding to pursue a Bachelor of Arts in Bible and history. Following his graduation in 1976, he attended Harding School of Theology in Memphis, Tenn., and achieved two master's degrees and a Ph.D.
In May 1974, Neller married Barbara Franklin, and the couple has two sons, Colin and Seth.
Neller began teaching Bible and Greek at Harding in 1992. Prior to his position with the University, he taught at Kentucky Christian College and Harding School of Theology and lectured at schools in Chile, England and Scotland.
Services for Ken Neller will be held Sunday, Jan. 13 beginning with visitation from 1:30-3:00 p.m. at Downtown Church of Christ Family Life Center and will be followed immediately by a memorial service in the same venue. Burial will be in Oak Grove Cemetery with Powell Funeral Home of Searcy in charge of arrangements.
In lieu of flowers, please send donations to the Dr. Kenneth V. Neller Scholarship For Ministry Fund via the Harding University Advancement Office, 915 East Market, HU Box 12238, Searcy, AR 72149-2238.


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Rising Star Award
Dean Gilligan and Advisory Council Chair, Bob Zlotnik, with Rising Stars Scott Mattei and Vivek Shah
More photos are on Flickr
Dean Gilligan presents 2014 BBA Rising Star award to Vivek Shah More photos are on Flickr
Vivek Shah's BBA Rising Star Award
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Dean Gilligan presents the MBA Rising Star award to Scott Mattei More photos are on Flickr
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The Longhorn Band plays to celebrate the
2014 award winners More photos are on Flickr
The cheerleaders help the 2014 Rising Stars celebrate
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Each year, the McCombs School of Business is pleased to present two young alumni with the Rising Star Award. Honorees are acknowledged at the annual Hall of Fame ceremony. We present this award to alumni who have been successful professionally, and have helped strengthen the McCombs Alumni Network. These are graduates who have presented themselves as consummate professionals and dedicated business people. Congratulations to this year's honorees!
Mattei Holdings LLC
Scott Mattei is the President of Mattei Holdings LLC, a multi-faceted family office. As President of Mattei Holdings he oversees numerous underlying companies specializing in asset allocation in both public and private markets including real estate development, land sales, private equity, and hedged investments. Scott also serves as Trustee of the Mattei Foundation, a private family foundation.
Scott began his career working in his family's startup, Checker's Drive In Restaurants, and served an integral role in the subsequent public offering of the company. Following the IPO of Checker's, he became actively involved in the internet space and was an initial investor and manager of Berkeley, CA based Inktomi which was taken public in 1998 and later acquired by Yahoo. Further investments by Mattei Holdings have included owning and managing a NASCAR Sprint Cup team, significant real estate investments in the Southeast, mezzanine financing, and diversified public and private equity management. Scott is currently living abroad with his family for a yearlong adventure to expand both personal and business horizons for him and his family.
Scott is an actively involved member of the Young Presidents Organization (YPO) and a lifetime member of the National Eagle Scout Association. He currently is living in Paris, France with his wife Ashley and two children, Kate, age 9, and Charlie, age 6. Scott earned his BBA in finance and BA in history from Southern Methodist University and his MBA from the University of Texas at Austin.
Co-Founder and Managing Director
Consortium Finance
Co-Founder, President and CEO
The EDge-UCATION
After graduating from UT Austin, Vivek began his career as an investment banker in his hometown (Houston, TX) at Simmons & Company International. Vivek spent two years at Simmons focusing on energy investment banking in both merger and acquisition transactions and public offerings. After Simmons, Vivek joined D. E. Shaw, a NY-based investment firm. At D. E. Shaw, Vivek began as an analyst and ultimately became a Vice President at the firm. His focus was to invest directly in private companies across the spectrum from venture capital, private equity and lending opportunities across all industries. With D. E. Shaw, Vivek joined in the firm's Houston office in 2005 and helped open the firm's San Francisco office in 2006 and worked with the firm thru 2012.
In 2013, Vivek helped start Consortium Finance with his business partner who are both Partners at the firm; the firm focuses on investing capital for MetLife and TIAA-Cref (Teachers). Further, the firm invests anywhere from $10mm to $50mm in given transactions across all industries.
Vivek also spends time with various projects that are socially driven enterprises. Vivek is a Partner and Advisor of Nitya Capital which is focused on acquiring low income apartments in Texas and improving the quality and standard of life of tenants. Vivek is also a Founding Advisor of Millennium Schools which is a new middle school (set to open Fall 2016) in San Francisco that will implement innovative and revolutionary approaches to education.
Outside of work, Vivek spends as much time as he can with his 1 year old daughter Kaya and wife, Pooja Shah. Vivek loves to play basketball, golf and squash and enjoys anything active or adventurous!
Vivek graduated in 2003 with honors from The University of Texas at Austin with a BBA in Finance and Business Honors.
Jeremy Smitheal
Cindy Lo
Ryan Oliver
Dominic Sung
Matt Chasen
David Anthony Murrell
Daniel B. Nelson
Matt Polze
M. Christina Clayton
BBA '02, MBA '06 (University of Oxford)
Gregory H. Johnson
BS '84 (Air Force Academy), MBA '05
Holly Goodrich McMullan
Tony Rogers
Ted Wang
Jeff Hoogendam
Page last updated: 11/17/2014
By phone: (512) 471-5921
By mail:
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Austin, TX 78712-1178
In person:
2110 Speedway
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You just walked by the bulletin board in the break room and saw a big question mark on the list by your name.
You've been so busy that tomorrow's Christmas party at work was forgotten. It's a week earlier this year since there is one less weekend between Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Now you're in a cooking quagmire.
Potatoes can be a mystery. With many stores now carrying multiple varieties, trying to figure out what potato works best for what can be a guessing game.
Potatoes usually fall into two categories (baking and boiling). The chief difference between the two types is the starch content.
Baking potatoes are relatively high in starch. Boiling potatoes are lower in starch and waxy, which holds them together when boiling or in soup and stews.
In the late 1860s, chili was frontier food.
The mixture of dried beef, suet, chili peppers and salt was pounded together into compact bricks and left to dry in the hot sun was a regional dish enjoyed by those in Texas and neighboring Louisiana.
Easily transported, these bricks could be dropped into a pot of boiling water on the trail to make a stew-like soup for settlers and cowboys trekking across the Midwest.
There is a quotation by Albert Einstein tacked up in my work cubicle. He was a genius when it comes to capillary forces, general relativity, matter-energy equivalence and how light from another star can be bent by the sun's gravity.
It isn't Einstein's ability to comprehend atomic vibrations, wave-point duality and critical opalescence that I respect. Gosh, I have trouble just spelling Brownian motion and thermodynamic fluctuations, much less discerning what all of that means.
– Editor's note: Due to overwhelming reader requests, we are reprinting this Remember When column, which was originally published in the Nov. 19, 2006, edition of The Lancaster News. The story of Jim the turkey has indeed become a Thanksgiving tradition at The Lancaster News.
I don't know if it was tradition or custom, but a couple weeks before "Big Thursday" or Thanksgiving Day, me and Daddy journeyed down to Tradesville to pick up our big ole gobbler.
This tender, moist cake uses pureed pumpkin to replace much of the fat and is delicately seasoned with classic Thanksgiving flavors and can be made ahead of time.
Glazed Chocolate-Pumpkin Bundt Cake
1 cup all-purpose, flour
3/4 cup whole-wheat pastry flour
1 cup granulated sugar
3/4 cup unsweetened cocoa powder, (not Dutch-process)
1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder
1 1/2 teaspoons baking soda
Editor's note – The Lancaster News recently asked readers on Facebook to share the names of some of the county's best foodies. One of them is Cathy Ardrey.
Cathy Ardrey's family thinks she's a great cook, with good reason.
From vegetables to wild game and seafood, Ardrey has an arsenal of dishes, many of which she's developed herself or adapted from recipes found in her cookbook library.
Stuart Barfield, 18, was awarded his Eagle Scout badge during a court of honor Sunday at First Baptist Church in Kershaw. A member of Boy Scout Troop No. 74, he is the son of Sandy and Doug Barfield. Eagle Scouts must earn 21 merit badges; Stuart has earned 58. He had to also complete a community service project of lasting value as an Eagle badge requirement. Stuart built a walking trail, constructed a bridge over a small creek, created a picnic area and built a picnic table at Stevens Park in Kershaw. A senior at Andrew Jackson High School, Stuart will attend The Citadel.
What turns a dish into a comfort food?
There is no simple answer.
Scientists who study happiness theorize that it happens whenever nostalgia meets nourishing food in a nourishing environment.
With comfort food, it's never about the amount of money that is spent.
For some, it may be when we are surrounded by family and friends enjoying a no-frills meal that includes old-fashioned meat loaf, macaroni and cheese or a green bean casserole.
Some things don't need fixing and can't be improved on.
Take country ham, for instance.
I'll wager your mouth is watering right now.
To me, country ham is the ultimate ingredient of Southern cuisine. Molasses finishes a close second.
Forget the macaroni and cheese, peanut butter and jelly, meatloaf and mashed 'taters. I'll take country ham every time.
Copyright © 2015
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Internet exclusive! Multiple crosses are printed all over this grey slub knit tee for a chic, casual look you'll love. A back zipper detail and cuffed dolman sleeves elevate the classic T-shirt design.
- Size 1 measures 30" from shoulder
- Polyester/rayon/spandex
- Hand wash; line dry
- Made in USA


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Structure an advanced-level program in special education that exactly meets your professional and personal goals.
In this Master of Education program in moderate or severe disabilities, you choose an area of concentration that best suits your professional development needs. Along with courses in your area of concentration, choose
electives that round out your program experience. A seminar allows you
to define your goals and future direction in the field, and complete a
research project related to your concentration. Suggested concentration areas include:
This course offers an opportunity to investigate an area of interest in the field of special education. Such exploration may take the form of a project for classroom use (e.g., approaches to writing for middle school learners with learning disabilities); an area of special education explored through research (e.g., autism spectrum disorders); or settings the student would like to study through observation and research (e.g., schools and classrooms for children with emotional disorders). Project will include reading, research, and field experience.
Pasquale A. Puleo
Adjunct Professor
Beverley Cush Evans
Associate Professor, Director of Special Education Division
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Teen Read Week: Seek the Unknown Event 3
Celebrate Teen Read Week!! This year's theme is "Seek the Unknown". So here's the question - how much do you trust your Teen Services Coordinator? Enough to come to the library for a program you know nothing about? You can find clues about the event hidden in the library and on the teen page beginning October 1st. No registration necessary. For teens 12 years and up, in grades 7 – 12.


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What's Lightstalkers?
We live and work in uncharted, unstable territory, navigating the grey areas of geography and technology. We travel in countries that are still in development or recently destroyed, using gear just barely out of R&D. Lightstalkers helps us to help each other—it's how we pool our knowledge and experience.
Join Now | Sign In | Learn MoreLightstalkers is operated by November Eleven , a nonprofit organization. There's no advertising, and we charge no fees—we are truly independent.
Questions or feedback? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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- Discover CIU
- Academic Programs
- Online Studies
- Become a Student
- Current Students
- Rams Athletics
- Resources & Services
Dr. Bill Jones serves as the sixth president of Columbia International University which educates people from a biblical worldview to impact the nations with the message of Christ. To date, CIU has over 18,000 alumni ministering in over 150 countries around the world.
Additionally, Jones serves as chair of the International Leadership Team of Crossover Communications International, an organization he cofounded in 1987. Crossover works to plant churches in 20+ countries.
A passionate communicator, Jones has spoken to thousands of people around the world. He has also authored several books including, Putting Together the Puzzle of the Old Testament and Putting Together the Puzzle of the New Testament.
Jones graduated summa cum laude with a chemistry degree from Georgia Institute of Technology and holds earned doctorates from both Columbia Biblical Seminary & School of Missions (now Columbia International University Seminary & School of Ministry) and Gordon-Conwell seminary.
In 1979, he married Debby Jones who holds a master's degree in Christian Education from CIU. She speaks at women's conferences and coauthored a book on 10 character qualities titled Lady in Waiting. Bill and Debby have four grown children.
Speaking topics include:


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Ralitza Gueorguieva PhD
Senior Research Scientist in Public Health (Biostatistics); Director of Biostatistics in Psychiatry (Psychiatry)
Departments & Organizations
Office of Student ResearchSchool of Public HealthCenter for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism
Research Interests
Longitudinal Data; Mixed Effects Models; Joint Modelling more...
- M.Sc., Sofia University, 1994
- M.Sc., University of Florida, 1996
- Ph.D., University of Florida, 1999
Selected Publications
- Gueorguieva R, Rosenheck R, Lin H. (2012). "Joint modelling of longitudinal outcome and interval-censored competing risk dropout in a schizophrenia clinical trial." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 175(2):417-433. [PMCID: PMC3315284].
- Gueorguieva R, Mallinckrodt C, Krystal J. (2011). "Trajectories of depression severity in clinical trials of duloxetine: insights into placebo and antidepressant responses." Archives of General Psychiatry 68: 1227-1237. [PMCID: PMC3339151].
- Gueorguieva R, Wu R, Donovan D, Rounsaville B, Couper D, Krystal J, O'Malley S (2010). "Naltrexone and Combined Behavioral Intervention Effects on Trajectories of Drinking in the COMBINE study." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 107: 221-229. [PMCID: PMC2821955].


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What do you get when you cross creativity with self-discovery and unrequited love? Art school!
Yuta Takemoto has no idea what's in store for his life when he enrolls at a Tokyo art college, but he find out right away it'll never be dull! Love triangles form as fast as friendships when both Takemoto and senior classmate Shinobu Morita fall hard for shy artistic prodigy Hagumi Hanamoto. And while architecture student Takumi Mayama secretly pines for an older woman, dazzling ceramicist Ayu Yamada pines for him! Confused yet?Welcome to the bittersweet world of Honey and Clover...
Contains episodes 1-12 plus bonus episode L.
Spoken Languages: English, Japanese, English subtitles.
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Worst fragrance: CK One Shock for Him
Worst bottle Design: another for Ben Sherman
Worst fragrance:
Worst bottle Design: Ben Sherman, no question. Subcontracted with Legoland.
Worst fragrance: CK One Shock for Him
Worst bottle Design: another for Ben Sherman
Worst fragrance: YSL L'Homme Libre (just stop with these already please)
Worst bottle Design: I just looked up the Ben Sherman bottle and I cant imagine there was much worse this year...
Want to trade - Chanel Platinum Egoiste for Dior Eau Sauvage...
Another for Ben Sherman - Ugly bottle. I felt as if the bottle could've been decent if it was at least made of quality material, yet it was composed of a lightweight, children's toy plastic that could've been mistaken for Lego plastic.
Bang Bang by Marc Jacobs
In a world where people smell bad, it is the personal responsibility of every Basenoter to improve the world one SotD at a time...
It is hard to be uglier than that Ben Sherman bottle.
But for a terrible fragrance in a terrible bottle all in one, I vote for John Varvatos Star. Bottle sort of ugly but the worst part is that it is impossible to hold on to and spray with that swing top cap designed for a beer bottle, and the fragrance is boring, forgettable and does not last. A double whammy.
Some Favorites
1. Amouage Epic man
2. Dior Leather Oud
3. Perris Monte Carlo Oud Imperial Black
4. Le Labo Patchouli 24
5. Amouage Opus VII
6. Byredo Bullion
7. Masque Milano Russian Tea
Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind.
I think the new hamlet-themed Police one with the skull is the most atrocious conceptual/visual/olfactory package I've encountered this year.
Worst Fragrance : Decibel by Azzaro
Worst Bottle: Ring My Bella
Discover my Guest Reviewer Of The Day here
The tackiest bottle I've seen is:
Although its not strictly 2011 the fragrance I enjoyed least this year is VC&A Midnight in Paris EDP. More like Midnight in an old tarts handbag.
s.Oliver Original Men
Worst bottle: +1 that Diesel that has been posted above
Worst bottle: that Skull one from Police that Pawful mentioned.
Worst Frag: Hugo Just Abysmal...
Worst Bottle:
Worst smell:
Worst Fragrance(s)-Blood Concept(0 for 4)
Worst Bottle-A tie between Only the Brave and the new CdG scent
It was a calculated risk. Unfortunately, I'm bad at math.
Didn't Only the Brave come out in 2009?
Worst Frag: ck Shock
Worst Bottle: Ben Sherman
And DUMBEST/CLUMSIEST bottle design is John Varvatos Star USA (I do like the scent, though)
Worst fragrance: a tie between YSL Homme Libre and CK Shock(er) for Him. Soon to be seen at a discounter near you.
Worst bottle: Davidoff Champion Energy as cited by Spoombung.
He boiled for our sins.
Worst scent: L'Homme Libre. Not the worst strictly speaking, OK for Hugo-Lacoste genre, but it's a death of YSL.
Worst bottle: John Varvatos Star USA
Worst scent: Gucci Guilty...and strongly avoided to test the intense version...
"No elegance is possible without it...perfume is a part of you." Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel
The reason you bought YSL Libre is probably because you got bewildered and sucked into buying the thing with the loudest marketing message.
That is probably the main reason people buy a particular scent, and the reason why people critique mainstream fragrances that are generic and boring so harshly. It's almost as if the smell of the product is an afterthought
Libre smells good to me, if it smells the same for him I would say it was a good buy.
It's not revolutionary or anything but it smells nice. Its easy to like and easy to wear.
Basenotes snobbery does not equal universal truth ;-).
Libre smells good, enjoy it and stop worrying what others here think of it.
Trust me I don't worry about what others think. I'm a free man !
The list is too long to pick the worst - most 2011 releases qualify.
Please feel free to check out my Swap Thread - Patou pour Homme, L'Instant de Guerlain PH Extreme, Dior Homme Intense, Pure Malt, Pure Coffee and many more! Click Here For My Swap Thread
*crying* I really like CK One Shock For Him!
Worst frag for me: Only The Brave
Worst bottle: Ben Sherman, which automatically makes it cool :-)
Also, the new Michael Jordan fragrance has a really dumb bottle:
and those Gwen Stefani doll bottles are kind of ugly as well.
My top 5: Sea Mist; Minnow; Crab, tiger, and almonds; Semprini; Rancid Polecat N° 2
Worst frag: hugo boss just different ( should be changed to just shit)
Worst bottle: davidoff champion energy, the fuck were they thinking when they made that bottle.
Worst fragrance: Armandi Code Sport, and the bottle is just as bad. It looks like an anemic version of the bottle for the original Code. Weirdly gray, with red font...as I recall...
Every single bottle mentioned here is a masterpiece worthy of being featured in the National Gallery of Art compared to this:
"I am a robot and I like cheese"
Top 5:
1. Axe Kilo
2. Lectric Shave
3. Vicks Vapor Rub
4. Febreze Pour Homme
5. Preferred Stock


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Breast Cancer During Pregnancy Center - Waterbury, CT
Waterbury Oncologist Doctors for Breast Cancer During Pregnancy
Type of Physician: Oncologist
What is a Oncologist?
A subspecialty certification by the Board of Internal Medicine; the oncologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of all types of cancer and other benign and malignant tumors. These subspecialists decide on and administer chemotherapy as well as consult with surgeons and radiotherapists on other treatment for cancer.
Specialty: Oncology (Medical)
Common Name: Cancer Doctor
Oncologist Doctors in Waterbury *
Smilow Cancer Hospital
Yale Brain Tumor Center
Milo Multispecialty Care Center
Smilow Cancer Hospital
Smilow Cancer Hospital
Smilow Cancer Hospital
Smilow Cancer Hospital
Smilow Hematology Clinic
Yale Brain Tumor Center
Yale Brain Tumor Center
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Smilow Cancer Hospital
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Yale Brain Tumor Center
Milo Multispecialty Care Center
Yale University/Yale Med Grp
Yale Breast Center
Yale Breast Center
Yale Breast Center
Yale Surgical Specialties
Yale Surgical Specialties
Oncology Associates
Oncology Associates
Oncology Associates
Oncology Associates
Oncology Associates Bridgeport
Oncology Associates Bridgeport
St Vincent's Med Ctr Cncr Ctr
Connecticut Multispecialty Grp
Hartford Specialists
Hartford Hospital Neurology
Western Connecticut Helth Ntwrk
Fairfield County Bariatric Sgcl
Norwalk Medical Group
Norwalk Medical Group
Fairfield County Surgical Specs
Waterbury, Connecticut
Breast Cancer During Pregnancy
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in pregnant women and tends to affect women in their mid-30s. Although only about 1 in every 1,000 pregnant women get breast cancer, the disease can be devastating to both the mother a...
Other Related Breast Cancer During Pregnancy Articles
Emergency Contact for Waterbury
Nearby Waterbury Hospitals *
Saint Mary's Hospital
Waterbury Hospital
The Hospital Of Central Conn
Bristol Hospital
Southbury Training School
Gaylord Hospital
Midstate Medical Center
Masonicare Health Center
Griffin Hospital
Hospital Of Central Connecticut
Hospital For Special Care
Charlotte Hungerford Hospital
New Haven Community Correction
Yale New Haven St Raphael Cmpus
John Dempsey Hospital
Connecticut Mental Health Ctr
Yale New Haven Childrens Hosp
Yale New Haven Hospital
Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hosp
New Milford Hospital
VA Connecticut Hlthcr Systm
Connecticut Valley Hospital
Whiting Forensic-Valley Hosp
Middlesex Hospital
Riverview Hospital For Children
Danbury Hospital
Institute Of Living-Hartford Hs
Connecticut Childrens Med Ctr
Milford Hospital
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St Francis Hosp
US Federal Correctional Inst
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Greater Bridgeport Mental Hlth
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*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


text:
14-02-2012 0:33
Thanks for all the posts guys. Decided to wait to see what the reaction to Belle was before upgrading. It seems to me as a died-in-the-wool symbian user that I should forget Belle for now, and stick with Anna. Shame, as I was looking forward to Belle given both the wait and the hype. However, it seems that due to some fairly small omissions (when viewed as a whole) the upgrade that should have been an improvement has been a downgrade for many. Why does this not surprise me? Will keep my eye on the situation and may move to Anna later, but happy to stick with Anna for now. Oh, and the forum spell-checker STILL doesn't recognise SYMBIAN - wants to replace it with SIMIAN - LOL. But then again, shouldn't be surprised as Nokia doesn't recognise Symbian any more either .....
14-02-2012 5:35
14-02-2012 20:34
anybody using the battery widget?
15-02-2012 0:36
I'd love to go back to Anna. The mail in Belle is less userfriendly, messaging handling is also not as good as Anna. The worst thing is that there's ni improvement to the music player which I use a lot, still not able to set my own equalizer, all the pre-setttings sound horrible. Worst of all, with Anna, I had Tunewiki downloaded and I used that instead of the musis player, and guess what, there is no Tunewiki available for Belle..... I have searched everywhere online. For someone like me who listens to music a lot using the N8, without Tunewiki is like taking half the phone away fromme. Bring back Anna please. Does anyone know how to get rid of Belle and reinstall Anna ?
15-02-2012 5:54
15-02-2012 7:14
After updating my C7 to Belle my micro SD card has gone in read only mode and gives "disk error - cannot complete write" when card is inside phone. SD card is not getting formatted through PC also.
Most of my applications are gone. Contacts settings lost. I had to reload the Maps again and battery is draining out fast.
Nokia has done a pathetic job even after delay of many months. Is there any way to revert to Anna?
15-02-2012 9:55
I was not able to upgrade to belly on my Nokia E6, it gives me service unavailable error. Did Nokia stopped the upgrade.
15-02-2012 11:10
My Nokia's life battery improved a lot since Belle. I don't like the operating system, the first time I saw it I was feeling like crying. But I was happy to see that my battery last for... 4 days. Unbelievable!!! The battery life has doubled. And at home I keep wireless connection permanently turned on, and while I am at work I use the 3G connection. Though, I am sad to see that not many applications are compatible with Belle. Nokia does not have a very big applications store, now with Belle it's even more restrictive. Windows Live Messenger does not work, Google+ does not work, what I also hate are some of the icons. When you add a new contact, there you have "i+" and "i-" icons. Until I clicked those icons I had no idea what they were doing. They are the equivalent of adding and removing detail. In Anna we had menus with words, that were clearly describing the functions. Now we have unfriendly icons instead of clear menus. Nokia, please update that application store with more applications compatible with Belle.
15-02-2012 11:35
Please bring back the Anna menus. They were user friendly, they were functional, clear and logical. The functions were described in words, not in icons that I do not understand what they mean unless I click them. Why do I need as a handy menu functions like: ARRANGE, SORT FROM A to Z, in the main menu? Who arranges icons 3 times a day? I don;t need this menu handy. In Anna we had this menu when we long pressed an icon. Instead of this stupid menu, we should have the most common functions like DELETE, FORWARD, ETC... Now when I dial a number from the last dialled numbers and then I want to hang up I have to first go back and only then I have the END CALL button. When I write a new message it;s the same: stupid ugly icons. I would VERY VERY MUCH want to have back the old menu, with written functions. That menu was logical. Nokia had a problem with the operating system that was not so user friendly. But the menu was great. It was the best menu of all phones that I've had, and I've had a few... Work on the user friendliness of the images and whatever you want, but leave the menu as it was. In every window I entered, I had the functions handy. Now I have to search for the DELETE function, or for FORWARD... What is this Belle menu now??? Please bring back the Anna menus.
15-02-2012 12:03
I wouldn't say that belle is a step back wards, it is a big change.
What I like:
* I can have more than 3 home screens
* Single contact widgets for my loved ones
* I can move widgets around
* Widgets comes in different sizes.
One word "flexibility" - love it!
* Better browser and e-mail client
* Drop down menu with notifications - easy to enable/disable 3G/Gprs, Wifi, and BT.
What I dislike
* The text under the Icons - should be optional
* The way you have to activate "power saving" - where is the widget or button in the drop down?
* Eye-candy and bloat on some widgets - I.e. the "one-line-calendar" is a *BIG* widget...
* One more time, the size of some widgets are just hilarious - e-mail widgets needs to go on a diet
* Where is the delete icon in the e-mail client ? There is room on the bottom bar but it is not there
* The "new" way of showing new texts and missed calls.
What I miss
* Old widgets from Anna
* Old widgets from Anna
* Old widgets from Anna
What I would like to see
* Old widgets from Anna reinvented
* Caldav support - PLEASE!
15-02-2012 20:15
As a long-term Nokia fan, with a huge amount of Nokia devices in the past, I feel this "upgrade" to Nokia Belle is the worst experience Nokia has ever gotten me.
When Anna was launched, I was both happy and pleased with the changes. Now, with Belle, I am neither. I have too many remarks and complaints to even get started.
Quite seriously, I *might* still buy a Nokia device next time, if i'll be offered an "upgrade" back to Symbian Anna (really) quickly.
I have already got a Lumia 800 but sadly, this device does not quite offer what I want in a phone.
Symbian Anna came closest to my needs, and those of many others.
I loved the E7 (read: past tense, "loved"), though, if I'll be stuck with Belle, please note I /will/ be switching to another manufacturer, -soon-.
You are welcomed to send me an email at any time.
16-02-2012 7:32
Hello, I just bought E6. After having E61, E61i, E71, E72 I was shure E6 too was a success with the best homescreen ever. I got this confirmed while I looked at the model in the shop. All information about upcoming meetings, two mailboxes etc on ONE screen. I bought E6 one day before I said yes to automatic update. Suddenly I had Belle, Most things semems nice , but now I have to look at three screen before I have overview - bad solution for business. I want to reinstall Anna now. How? Otherwise it is for sale.
16-02-2012 8:02
16-02-2012 8:06
16-02-2012 8:59
I have also discovered a bug I think noone so far complained to.
In Anna, if you connected USB, you were able to backup to this usb memory. Now, backup option still available only after connecting of usb, but the backup is stored at 'E' drive (phone memory)!!!
Second thing is (to be honest, I am only 95% sure about this one) is the thing with messaging. If I recall correctly, when I click on messaging icon in Anna, wrote a message and then pick a contact from contact list and had stored an email and phone number with the contact, I could pick either email or number. If I picked number, then it was sent as sms, if I picked email (and I had configured my gmail account on the phone), then it was sent as email. Now, it was sent as multimedia message!!!
16-02-2012 9:32 - edited 16-02-2012 9:58
"Problem" confirmed.
When picking the e-mail address it says "Message type changed to Multimedia".
It seems that it doesn't get sent correctly either.
Did a test on my E72 - it works the same way. If I pick "new message" and then
chose an e-mail address it changes to MMS.
I need to chose "new mail" on my N8 and the same goes for the E72.
So it might be "works as designed".
16-02-2012 11:25
@chit1bit: I had no problems installing a jar-application via Nokia Suite.
16-02-2012 12:00
While I do not have any issues with the underling Symbian Os. But I do have issues with the new interface, as I have already posted about here already. I mostly dislike the signal bar and what is connected to it. What I dislike the most is the fact it is so small that it is now hard to read. When it says 3G and 3.5G on my phone, the letters something about 2 in font size.
But I have already been seeing the issue in Nokia N8 that it is spending more CPU power on the GUI (due the new interface) then it did before. The result of that is now I cannot properly play DRM video files and video files over certain screen size. I did think that Nokia knew that on mobile device every militate of power counts and so does each CPU cycle. I am not impressed by the fact that my phone is now wasting more on fancy GUI interface then actual usage. Like playing video properly when I need it.
16-02-2012 13:36 - edited 16-02-2012 13:37
Please give us back Anna. Either that or force Belle to accept all apps that worked on Anna. I bought a couple of applications (yes, PAID apps) while I was on Anna and now they're all gone. They do not show up in store when I select N8 Belle. Anna was much more user friendly and gave us more control over our phones. Belle is trying to hard to be like iOS. If I wanted iOS, I would have bought an iPhone, not a Nokia.
16-02-2012 15:01 - edited 16-02-2012 15:02
I asked the technical support center at Orange (Romania) for a paid downgrade of my N8 to Anna and the guy there said it won't do it, because there is a chance that the phone will not start anymore after flashing and he does not want to take a chance on this. So I'm stuck ...
I think I will give another try at the Nokia service center, supposing I will find the place, maybe I will have more luck there.


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Games, RPGs in particular, would be a lot better with rap music
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By J.K.
from Edgewater
About Me Minimalist
Comments about Paula Young Celine Wig:
I am simply in love with this gorgeous wig. I hesitated a while to order this one, thinking it would be 'too much wig' with all of the curls. It is perfect. I cannot wait to order two more for backups. I am 67 years old and very conscious of trying to not 'look young', but this new best friend certainly improves on my overall confidence. I plan to wear this on an upcoming trip to Dubai, and will post a photo of it when I return.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Images shared by J.K.
Tags: Made with Product
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
This is a stunning wig
By Ms. MJ
from Fremont CA
About Me Beauty Conscious
This was my first purchase from Paula Young. I really did not know what to expect and hoped I would not have to return it. When it did arrive I was pleasantly surprised how beautiful it was right down to the color I chose. This style seems to have taken years off my age. It seems like I am getting noticed with my new look. This is my everyday wig. I could not be happier. I am going to purchase another "Celine". The quality is outstanding and so is the price.
(6 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
You look so much younger
By JO
from Tx
The wig is not quite as curly as it appears ( but plenty curly ) and a bit longer but I love it. Also, I'd suggest not brushing it unless you like a bushy looking FLIP. The front lace hair line and part is so natural . It fits perfectly. I usually feel the need for clips and combs but not with this wig. The hair is not quite as soft as I would like but I washed it and used Lusture and it is perfect. I have thinning hair due to an auto immune disease and have been searching for the perfect wig. I have a average/ ( slightly ) large heard . This wig fits me perfectly right out of the box. I put it on and went for 2 doctor appointments. Both of my doctors said I looked so much younger and it looked very natural. I picked the 8/12. ( my natural color) I like it so much I have ordered the 25/27 and the 12 and may order more. This is my go to wig. I'm 64 and it has taken years off my appearance.
(3 of 3 customers found this review helpful)
Really lovely wig..thank you !
By Lady Tara
from UK
I have been buying Paula Young wigs for years and Celine is the best so far. The comments I have received from friends and family have put a smile on my face and a spring in my step. I've gone for the light brown and blonde highlights and it is gorgeous. I got it on clearance and I do hope that I can get it again. Its glamourous, natural looking and I feel a million dollars.
(10 of 12 customers found this review helpful)
By Micki
from Oakley CA
About Me Product Junkie
I have fine, thinning hair and decided to buy a couple of wigs so I wouldn't have to stress about having "bad" hair days. I wear my own hair short so wanted something completely different. I can't believe how much I love this wig!!! I got the color shown in the picture and it is beautiful, the wig is absolutely gorgeous and I love, love, love it! The quality of this wig is outstanding and I would recommend for anyone --- I'm 66 yrs. old!!!
(4 of 6 customers found this review helpful)
celindewig by Paula young
By turbocharge
from Anaheim california
I love the Celine in color strawberry field I did love the chelsea in that color but they disconude it do this is the curly vesion of it I just love this color . I also love the zoe in that color to good time to by beaucause of the sales Linda fusco
nice wig
I love this wig not to long and not to curly I like the zoe to 25/ 27 is my favorite color I do wish they had more wigs in that color. It does not look like the model above but better to me not so curly vey nice wig linda fusco
(11 of 11 customers found this review helpful)
very pleased
By stagegirl
from sacramento, CA
I bought this wig to wear in a play. My normal hair is a bob in a similar color. People were confused, how did my hair get so long and curly overnight? The lace front is so realistic they couldn't believe it was not my hair in the front. If it came in a shorter style I'd wear it all the time. very pretty.
Like this wig very much
By new wig junkie
from monroe Georgia
Beautiful wig not quite as curly as the picture looks. Its a little longer than the Juliann which is my favorite. Looks very natural. Love Paula Young wigs I have 5 now and will continue to buy.


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Rx Prescription Sunglasses
Rx Prescription Sunglasses
I need some help finding some Rx Prescription Sunglasses.
I do a lot of sports like cycling, running, motorcycling and shooting hand guns so I need glasses that keep bugs and dust out of my eyes, shade my eyes from light and not fall off my face.
My eyes are very sensitive to light so interchangeable lens would be nice. Forget about contacts because sweat getting in my eyes.
- mxteamgreen
Thanks for your post. I can recommend you two models that can serve as prescription and non-Rx eyewear at the same time. So that you can use the same pair of sunglasses when wearing contact. They both will meet your other requirements as well.
I would recommend you to get Wiley X SG 1 prescription sunglasses. Take a look at them at http://www.opticsplanet.com/wileyx-rx-sunglasses.html . These sunglasses are ANSI rated and are recommended for active sports and military activities. They come with a gasket that will protect from wind, sand and sweat. This model also comes with interchangeable lenses (you can order a second set of Rx lenses at the same page, or you a can get non-Rx replacement lenses at http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-sg- ... enses.html that you can wear when using contacts). Wiley X SG-1 model comes with regular sunglass arms and a strap that you can interchange with the arms. Strap will be more convenient when riding a motorcycle.
I can also offer you Bolle Parole sunglasses with an Rx prescription adapter. The adapter clips on behind the sunglass lenses. You can get the sunglasses with different sets of lenses and interchange them depending on the light condition and activity. You can also wear these sunglasses without the Rx adapter.
If you would like to place an order for Wiley X SG-1 Rx sunglasses, you purchase them here http://www.opticsplanet.com/wileyx-rx-sunglasses.html .
If you are interested in Bolle Parole with the Rx insert, you can get the sunglasses at http://www.opticsplanet.com/bollz-parol ... s-gun.html and the adapter at http://www.opticsplanet.com/bolle-actio ... -lens.html .
Prescription Sunglasses
- Guest
Please take a look at our full catalog of Wiley X Rx sunglassesat http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-pre ... ggles.html . It has more information on which frames are available with prescription lenses and what the Rx limitations are. You can also easily place your order on-line at http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-pre ... ggles.html for any Wiley prescription sunglasses.
So, what other options do I have? I kind of like the Bolle Venom, Boa and Anaconda.
Any opinions?
- rrpalma
Bolle prescription sunglasses allow higher prescription. Up to -6.00 in most cases. In general Bolle is a good choice for active sports. The Rx lenses are polycarbonate and therefore impact resistant. I would recommend you to go with a plastic frame. Plastic is safer than metal.
Bolle Venome prescription sunglasses, Bolle Rattler prescription sunglasses and Bolle Piraja Rx will be good choices.
Body Specs is another good eyewear brand for people with active lifestyle. You can check out Body Specs prescription sunglasses here. Some of the frames allow spherical power up to -5.00.
Please let me know what your prescription is and I will be able to tell you for sure if any Wiley X frame might work.
This is what I have:
Right eye: -3.75 -0.50 170 degrees
Left eye: -3.50 -0.75 40 degrees
the distance is 64
Your advice and comments are greatly appreciated.
- rrpalma
Wiley X Airrage prescription glasses - http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-air ... asses.html - Wiley X sunglasses are designed for smaller faces. This model comes with a removable strap. You can attach the strap to the sunglass temples and wear the eyewear as goggles. It also features removable foam gasket that gives you an additional protection from wind and debris.
Wiley X Blink prescription glasses - http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-bli ... asses.html - These are Wiley X sunglasses with a removable cavity seal (foam gasket). A strap also comes in a package. You can attach it to the temples and wear as goggles.
Wiley X SG-1 prescription glasses - http://www.opticsplanet.com/wileyx-rx-sunglasses.html - As I have already mentioned that's the largest Wiley X frame. It comes with a strap and a pair of removable sunglass temples. You can wear this model as sunglasses or as goggles.
Wiley X Brick prescription glasses - http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-bri ... asses.html - That is also a large frame. Sunglasses come with a removable strap and foam gasket.
Wiley X Airborne prescription glasses - http://www.opticsplanet.com/wiley-x-air ... asses.html - Wiley X sunglasses with removable foam gasket. Strap is not included. The temples are wide for additional peripheral protection.
I hope the short descriptions of the models I provided, will help you to make a better choice. Also you can choose any Bolle prescription sunglasses model. They all are competible with your Rx.
Can I place an online order with that prescription?
- Guest
You can certainly place an order for prescription sunglasses on-line.
If you are interested in Wiley X prescription sunglasses, please click here
If you are interested in Bolle prescription sunglasses, please click here
Or, if you are interested in any models that I recommended before, please referred to the links in my posts above.
When you get to the product page, first thing you will need to do, is to select the frame color. Then you will need to choose your Rx lenses. The prescription lens selection varies depending on the brand. The main lenses we offer for all brands are clear & tinted lenses, polarized lenses (polarization cuts the glare) and transitional lenses (lenses that darken under direct sunlight). Please let me know if you have any questions about any lenses for any specific model.
Then you will need to fill out the on-line prescription information form.
Your prescription reads the following:
OD (Right eye): SPHERE: -3.75 CYLIN.: -0.50 AXIS:170; leave out PRISM & BASE blank, cause you do not have them
OS (Left eye): SPHERE: -3.50 CYLIN. -0.75 AXIS 40; leave out PRISM & BASE blank, cause you do not have them
Select 64 from the Pupil Distance (PD) drop-down.
I hope you will find this information helpful!
- Guest
Our customer care representatives will contact you tomorrow in case we will need to clarify any information that you provided on-line!
- Guest
I would suggest either Ultra High Index 1.74 or High Index 1.67 lens materials (you will be able to select the lens material from the menu whne placing your order on-line).
If you would like to get clear lenses, Ultra High Index 1.74 will be the best choice. They already come with UV protection and AR coating. Unfortunately they can not be tinted because of the AR.
If you are interested in getting colored lenses, go with High Index 1.67. The lenses will be little bit thicker (just one or two millimiters), but we can apply any tint of your choice on these lenses.


text:
Melinda Liggett Irwin PhD, MPH
Associate Professor of Epidemiology (Chronic Diseases)
Departments & Organizations
Office of Student ResearchSchool of Public Health: Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Social & Behavioral SciencesCancer Prevention and Control
Research Interests
Energy balance; Cancer prevention and prognosis more...
- Ph.D., University of South Carolina, 1999
- M.P.H., University of Washington, 2001
Selected Publications
- Irwin ML, Smith A, McTiernan A, Cronin K, Ballard-Barbash R, Baumgartner R, Gilliland F, Bernstein L. Influence of pre- and post-diagnosis physical activity on mortality in breast cancer survivors: The Health Eating Activity and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2008 Aug 2026(24):3958-64.
- Irwin ML, Cadmus L, Alvarez-Reeves M, et al. Recruiting and retaining breast cancer survivors into a randomized controlled exercise trial: The Yale Exercise and Survivorship Study. Cancer, 2008 Jun 1112(11 Suppl):2593-606.
- Irwin ML, Varma K, Alvarez-Reeves, et al. Randomized controlled exercise trial on insulin and IGFs in breast cancer survivors: The Yale Exercise and Survivorship Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev. 2009 18(1): 306-13.


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Our Marathon Heroes
A massive thanks to our runners→ read more
Tickled Pink has been raising money for Breast Cancer Campaign and Breast Cancer Care for the last seventeen years and has raised £40 million so far. This year Tickled Pink became a registered charity in its own right and aims to raise a further £5 million to continue supporting the amazing work of Breast Cancer Campaign and Breast Cancer Care.
This year, we are encouraging everyone to lend a hand for Tickled Pink. It's easy to get involved either by making a donation on line or in store or by purchasing a Tickled Pink products available throughout September and October. Or why not offer a further helping hand and hold your own fundraising event to raise money for this amazing cause? However you choose to support Tickled Pink, we would like to thank you – we couldn't do it without you and your generosity is helping us make a difference to thousands of people affected by breast cancer.
Every day thousands of women wake up to the harsh reality of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Care provides a unique lifeline of free local support and information to help women, men and families. There are many ways to face breast cancer. Breast Cancer Care is there to help people to find theirs.
In 2014 money raised through Tickled Pink will contribute to funding two of Breast Cancer Care's key local face to face support services; HeadStrong and Moving Forward.
HeadStrong: Approximately half of the 55,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer every year will be treated with chemotherapy, and will potentially face the distressing effects of losing their hair, eyebrows and eyelashes. Losing your hair can be one of the most traumatic parts of treatment. Breast Cancer Care's local HeadStrong services offer a lifeline of support and practical advice in face to face sessions. Every £50 raised through fundraising is enough to fund a HeadStrong session, helping people with emotional support when they need it most.
Moving Forward: It is estimated that over half a million women in the UK today are now living with and beyond breast cancer and this number is rising. Preparing for life after treatment is a crucial phase. Breast Cancer Care's free four-week support courses help provide face to face support and expert clinical information on how to cope and adjust to life after treatment. This year, Asda's Tickled Pink campaign and its incredible fundraising, is ensuring that more people in local communities can attend these transformational support services then ever before.
In the last 20 years, the campaign to beat breast cancer has gone from strength-to-strength, and more women are outliving the disease than ever before. But, it's still the most common form of cancer which is why action is vital.
Breast Cancer Campaign launched the Tissue Bank in response to demands by researchers for tissue samples. Tissue samples are the closest a scientist can get to the actual disease before testing in patients. By increasing access to such samples, we will accelerate research; and by standardising the collection of tissue, results will be more reliable, bringing greater benefits to patients, faster.
Asda is a founding partner of the Tissue Bank and money raised by Tickled Pink in 2014 will enable Breast Cancer Campaign to continue supporting the Bank, which is vital to research and a major step forward towards finding the cures for all breast cancers.
Tickled Pink funding also enables Breast Cancer Campaign to fund life-saving research projects across the UK, looking at areas including risk and prevention, improving diagnosis and developing new and more tailored treatments.
Over the last 17 years, Tickled Pink has raised over £40 million for Breast Cancer Campaign and Breast Cancer Care
A massive thanks to our runners→ read more
Women with a rare type of breast cancer should be offered less-invasive surgery where appropriate, according to new guidelines presented Friday 24 April 2015 at the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Symposium in Birmingham, UK.→ read more
Ben tells us a little bit about his experience.→ read more
Breast cancer Care is warning that there is still more to be done to ensure that all women feel confident to go to their GP without delay→ read more
Chief Executive at Breast Cancer Care responds to Jolie's decision.→ read more
Penguin Random House have teamed up to launch Tickled Pink Books→ read more
Tickled Pink George Range goes into store
Tickled Pink products go into Asda
Make a donation and help the cause
Donations given through this site will be donated to Tickled Pink (registered charity number 1153433)
With your help we want to raise another £5 million this year
Across the UK, around 50,000 people, including 400 men, are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK. Whilst incidence rates are increasing, people are now living longer with the disease. They are more aware of breast cancer and along with the NHS screening service, this can lead to earlier detection. People also have access to improved treatments, thanks to advances in research.
Whatever your age, size or shape, it's important to take care of your breasts and check them regularly
Do you have any questions about breast cancer or breast health? You can get in touch with Breast Cancer Care and Ask the Nurse by email and one of their expert nurses will get back to you. If you need more information about breast cancer visit the Breast Cancer Care website or call their Helpline on 0808 800 6000.
We would love to hear from you – get in touch to share your ideas for Tickled Pink
In the last twenty years, the campaign to overcome breast cancer has gone from strength to strength, and more women are outliving the disease than ever before. But, it's still the most common form of cancer with around 50,000 women diagnosed every year in the UK. That's why Breast Cancer Campaign exists. Through our life-saving research we offer hope. We passionately believe we owe it to everyone touched by this disease; mothers, daughters, husbands, sons, and friends to explore every avenue to overcome and outlive breast cancer – in our lifetime.
Through the Tickled Pink campaign, Asda colleagues, customers and suppliers have enabled us to continue to fund research projects across the UK.
Here are a few examples of our life-saving research and how it is helping to transform the lives of people affected by breast cancer.
Chemotherapy is one of the most common cancer treatments and is hugely successful in eliminating cancer cells and treating the disease. However, over time some women develop resistance to chemotherapy rendering the treatment ineffective. Dr Jeremy Blaydes and his team at the University of Southampton have made significant progress in finding an alternative treatment to chemotherapy after resistance by discovering a new way to target a breast cancer cells' appetite for over-indulging in sugar. The drug, being developed by scientists in Southampton, exploits a new link identified by Dr Blaydes' team between sugar processing in the cells and their growth and division. This approach to treating breast cancer offers a real alternative to chemotherapy as it targets the active cancer cells and not normal cells, reducing the risk of side effects that affect thousands of women undergoing treatment.
Tickled Pink funding has helped pioneer psychosocial research into DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), a form of cancer where the cells are enclosed in the breast ducts, and may only "invade" the rest of the breast in half of cases. However, currently we don't know which half will go on to become invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Campaign's Professor Diana Harcourt and Dr Fiona Kennedy interviewed patients to understand their experiences of having DCIS and then made recommendations to standardise information about the condition, encouraging healthcare professionals to make information about diagnosis to treatment decisions easier to understand. Their work has informed a website which offers stories about women diagnosed with DCIS making information more easily accessible for the 4,800 women in the UK diagnosed with DCIS each year.
Dr James Flanagan, a Breast Cancer Campaign Scientific Fellow at Imperial College London has been looking into how molecules that sit on top of our DNA (an area called epigenetics) could help with early breast cancer detection and diagnosis. Dr Flanagan uncovered the first strong evidence that the amount of a molecule called methyl attached to a gene can influence women's potential risk of breast cancer developing many years in advance. By piecing together how methyl molecules are added to our DNA and how this effects risk, doctors and scientists can look to create a blood test to help identify those at highest risk helping doctors to monitor and one day even prevent breast cancer ever developing. These findings also provide insight into the development of other cancers, including lymphoma and leukaemia.
Money raised in 2014 will also allow us to continue to invest in vital research projects across the UK so that new interventions, new treatments, and better information and support reach patients quickly and efficiently.
We are optimistic about the future. Working together in partnership, Asda colleagues, customers and suppliers are helping us raise awareness and ultimately save more lives. Thank you for your continued support.
When the world's leading scientists told us that the biggest barrier to rapid progress was a lack of access to high quality tissue, we were determined to remove it by launching The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank. Tissue samples are the closest a scientist can get to the actual disease before testing in patients, so a huge amount of breast cancer research relies on significant volumes of high quality samples. By increasing access to such samples, we will accelerate research; and by standardising the collection of tissue, results will be more reliable, bringing greater benefits to patients, faster.
Asda is a founding partner of the Tissue Bank and money raised by Tickled Pink in 2014 will enable Breast Cancer Campaign to continue supporting the Bank, which is vital to research and a major step forward towards finding the cures for all breast cancers.
We now have over 30,000 samples from more than 5,000 patients and these samples are available to all breast cancer researchers across the UK and Ireland.
In addition, for some of the patients who donated tissue to the Bank we have at least five years' worth of anonymous information about their disease. This is valuable information for researchers to help understand how to reduce the risk of death from breast cancer for patients in the future.
One of our centres has been undertaking cutting edge work and growing human breast cell cultures from donated tumour samples. This unique and valuable resource has recently been made available to researchers, and Tickled Pink has helped us to achieve this.


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Shipments outside the USA are declared as "bike parts" for customs purposes and will include the actual amount paid for merchandise and shipping. Jenson USA will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
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Comments about Planet Bike Grunge Board Fender:
I think that this is a great fender to go with because it is so inexpensive. I have had few problems, and the ones I've had can be solved with waterproof booties or something like that.
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Get free Standard Shipping with your $50 purchase today! Just choose Standard Shipping during checkout.
Please note this offer is only available to physical shipping addresses in the 48 continental United States (no PO Boxes), and oversize charges still apply on some heavy/large items.


text:
We've been chronicling various frustrations on two other threads in this subforum—could you let us know if any of these issues are fixable?
~ Frequent double and triple-postings on threads
~ Possibly the same issue in private messaging (at least it has happened to me)
~ No ability to see/review a thread while typing in the reply box (preventing the ability to extract quotes or to check a member's names, unless you backtrack out of the reply mode)
~ Need an icon at the top of the forum that links back to Sam's main site.
~ Preview Post page is apparently not functioning (proofreading).
~ No access to "Posts since your last visit", as there used to be.
Am I the only one who finds the main forum page cumbersome to navigate through?


text:
Printable View
I'm putting Vasquez on Triple Double alert. I know I am incredibly pro-Vasquez, but when he gets his rebounds early like this and is driving confidently he is going to get the assists and the points, just need some scrappy rebounds. Only thing that will limit him is if we are up to much and he gets less minutes lol
Ed Davis is destroying Anderson
Thank you, Roberts. Foul trouble will necessitate Rivers at PG.
He hasn't done anything but you can just tell Rivers looks so much more comfortable at PG with the ball.
Jason Smith gettin' the stupid calls on him already.
Welcome back.
Lowry is out there playing running back, what's Smith supposed to do? Open his hips and let Lowry past him?
does Amir Johnson have the Raptors logo on the back of the head or am I seeing things?
Hehe. Rivers launches floaters from 50 feet away.
Who the hell leaked out early like that and left Ross open? Jesus...
I'll say it. Rivers needs to be our PG. Back up, starting. Whatever. Rivers looks more comfortable handling the rock.
If Lopez realizes there wasn't a body on him a beat sooner, he scores.
holy cow just turning it on - Aminu sighting on the floor??
Lopez is legit ... Dude stays within his game & is effective
I really like how Anthony and Austin are playing tonight.
Lopez gets stranded on point guards about 5 times every game. Are our guards just too slow to re-switch when they get the chance? They need to fix that. Defensively this team is just awful at their switches.
Beefense. Are you serious? Rivers is the worst player in the history of basketball including the wnba. You must be blind
Aminu getting beat on defense already
Aminu still hasn't learned.
Aminu needs to go back to the bench
Way too much hesitating by everyone.


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Roller Player / John Petito
by Roller Player on Nov 26, 2010 | No Comments
Roller Hockey players from across the United States seem to be getting great opportunities overseas. This season there are many players from North America who are currently playing professionally in Europe. State Wars players like…
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A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits light when an electric current is applied in the forward direction of the device, as in the simple LED circuit. The effect is a form of electroluminescence where incoherent and narrow-spectrum light is emitted from the p-n junction.
LEDs are widely used as indicator lights on electronic devices and increasingly in higher power applications such as flashlights and area lighting. An LED is usually a small area (less than 1 mm2) light source, often with optics added to the chip to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection. The color of the emitted light depends on the composition and condition of the semiconducting material used, and can be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet. Besides lighting, interesting applications include using UV-LEDs for sterilization of water and disinfection of devices, and as a grow light to enhance photosynthesis in plants.
The first practical visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr., while working at General Electric Company. He later moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Holonyak is seen as the "father of the light-emitting diode". M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak's, invented the first yellow LED and 10x brighter red and red-orange LEDs in 1972.
Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation of Japan demonstrated the first high-brightness blue LED based on InGaN borrowing on critical developments in GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN which were developed by I. Akasaki and H. Amano in Nagoya. In 1995, Alberto Barbieri at the Cardiff University Laboratory (GB) investigated the efficiency and reliability of high-brightness LEDs demonstrating very high result by using a transparent contact made of indium tin oxide (ITO) on (AlGaInP/GaAs) LED. The existence of blue LEDs and high efficiency LEDs quickly led to the development of the first white LED, which employed a Y3Al5O12:Ce, or "YAG", phosphor coating to mix yellow (down-converted) light with blue to produce light that appears white. Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention.
The development of LED technology has caused their efficiency and light output to increase exponentially, with a doubling occurring about every 36 months since the 1960s, in a similar way to Moore's law. The advances are generally attributed to the parallel development of other semiconductor technologies and advances in optics and material science. This trend is normally called Haitz's Law after Dr. Roland Haitz.
Most LEDs were made in the very common 5 mm T1³⁄₄ and 3 mm T1 packages, but with higher power, it has become increasingly necessary to shed excess heat in order to maintain reliability, so more complex packages adapted for efficient heat dissipation are becoming common. Packages for state-of-the-art high power LEDs bear little resemblance to early LEDs.
Like a normal diode, the LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material impregnated, or doped, with impurities to create a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from the p-side, or anode, to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. Charge-carriers—electrons and holes—flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower energy level, and releases energy in the form of a photon.
The wavelength of the light emitted, and therefore its color, depends on the band gap energy of the materials forming the p-n junction. In silicon or germanium diodes, the electrons and holes recombine by a non-radiative transition which produces no optical emission, because these are indirect band gap materials. The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible or near-ultraviolet light.
LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have made possible the production of devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, producing light in a variety of colors.
LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrode attached to the p-type layer deposited on its surface. P-type substrates, while less common, occur as well. Many commercial LEDs, especially GaN/InGaN, also use sapphire substrate.
The reflection is most commonly reduced by using a dome-shaped (half-sphere) package with the diode in the center so that the outgoing light rays strike the surface perpendicularly, at which angle the reflection is minimized. Substrates that are transparent to the emitted wavelength, and backed by a reflective layer, increase the LED efficiency. The refractive index of the package material should also match the index of the semiconductor, to minimize back-reflection. An anti-reflection coating may be added as well.
The package may be colored, but this is only for cosmetic reasons or to improve the contrast ratio; the color of the packaging does not substantially affect the color of the light emitted.
Other strategies for reducing the impact of the interface reflections include designing the LED to reabsorb and reemit the reflected light (called photon recycling) and manipulating the microscopic structure of the surface to reduce the reflectance, by introducing random roughness, creating programmed moth eye surface patterns. Recently photonic crystal have also been used to minimize back-reflections. In December 2007, scientists at Glasgow University claimed to have found a way to make LEDs more energy efficient, imprinting billions of holes into LEDs using a process known as nanoimprint lithography.
|Wavelength (nm)
|Voltage (V)
|Semi-conductor Material
|λ > 760
| Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
|610 < λ < 760
| Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
|590 < λ < 610
| Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
|570 < λ < 590
| Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
|500 < λ < 570
| Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP)
|450 < λ < 500
| Zinc selenide (ZnSe)
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate
Silicon (Si) as substrate — (under development)
|400 < λ < 450
|Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
|λ < 400
| diamond (C)
Aluminium nitride (AlN)
Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)
Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN) — (down to 210 nm)
|Broad spectrum
|Blue/UV diode with phosphor
Blue LEDs are based on the wide band gap semiconductors GaN (gallium nitride) and InGaN (indium gallium nitride). They can be added to existing red and green LEDs to produce the impression of white light, though white LEDs today rarely use this principle.
The first blue LEDs were made in 1971 by Jacques Pankove (inventor of the gallium nitride LED) at RCA Laboratories. However, these devices had too little light output to be of much practical use. In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping by Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya, Japan) ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, in 1993 high brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated through the work of Shuji Nakamura at Nichia Corporation.
By the late 1990s, blue LEDs had become widely available. They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers. By varying the relative InN-GaN fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can be varied from violet to amber. AlGaN aluminium gallium nitride of varying AlN fraction can be used to manufacture the cladding and quantum well layers for ultraviolet LEDs, but these devices have not yet reached the level of efficiency and technological maturity of the InGaN-GaN blue/green devices. If the active quantum well layers are GaN, as opposed to alloyed InGaN or AlGaN, the device will emit near-ultraviolet light with wavelengths around 350–370 nm. Green LEDs manufactured from the InGaN-GaN system are far more efficient and brighter than green LEDs produced with non-nitride material systems.
With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies. Shorter wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to 247 nm. As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about 260 nm, UV LEDs emitting at 250–270 nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices. Recent research has shown that commercially available UVA LEDs (365 nm) are already effective disinfection and sterilization devices.
Wavelengths down to 210 nm were obtained in laboratories using aluminium nitride.
While not an LED as such, an ordinary NPN bipolar transistor will emit violet light if its emitter-base junction is subjected to non-destructive reverse breakdown. This is easy to demonstrate by filing the top off a metal-can transistor (BC107, 2N2222 or similar) and biasing it well above emitter-base breakdown (≥ 20 V) via a current-limiting resistor.
There are two ways of producing high intensity white-light using LEDs. One is to use individual LEDs that emit three primary colors – red, green, and blue, and then mix all the colors to produce white light. The other is to use a phosphor material to convert monochromatic light from a blue or UV LED to broad-spectrum white light, much in the same way a fluorescent light bulb works.
White light can be produced by mixing differently colored light, the most common method is to use red, green and blue (RGB). Hence the method is called multi-colored white LEDs (sometimes referred to as RGB LEDs). Because its mechanism is involved with sophisticated electro-optical design to control the blending and diffusion of different colors, this approach has rarely been used to mass produce white LEDs in the industry. Nevertheless this method is particularly interesting to many researchers and scientists because of the flexibility of mixing different colors . In principle, this mechanism also has higher quantum efficiency in producing white light.
There are several types of multi-colored white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different approaches include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often higher efficacy will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade off between the luminous efficiency and color rendering. For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficiency (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. Oppositely although tetrachromatic white LEDs have excellent color rendering capability, they often have poor luminous efficiency. Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficiency (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability.
What multi-color LEDs offer is not merely another solution of producing white light, but is a whole new technique of producing light of different colors. In principle, all perceivable colors can be produced by mixing different amounts of three primary colors, and this makes it possible to produce precise dynamic color control as well. As more effort is devoted to investigating this technique, multi-color LEDs should have profound influence on the fundamental method which we use to produce and control light color. However, before this type of LED can truly play a role on the market, several technical problems need to be solved. These certainly include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with increasing temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. Such problem is not acceptable for industrial usage. Therefore, many new package designs aiming to solve this problem have been proposed, and their results are being reproduced by researchers and scientists.
This method involves coating an LED of one color (mostly blue LED made of InGaN) with phosphor of different colors to produce white light, the resultant LEDs are called phosphor based white LEDs. A fraction of the blue light undergoes the Stokes shift being transformed from shorter wavelengths to longer. Depending on the color of the original LED, phosphors of different colors can be employed. If several phosphor layers of distinct colors are applied, the emitted spectrum is broadened, effectively increasing the color rendering index (CRI) value of a given LED.
Phosphor based LEDs have a lower efficiency than normal LEDs due to the heat loss from the Stokes shift and also other phosphor-related degradation issues. However, the phosphor method is still the most popular technique for manufacturing high intensity white LEDs. The design and production of a light source or light fixture using a monochrome emitter with phosphor conversion is simpler and cheaper than a complex RGB system, and the majority of high intensity white LEDs presently on the market are manufactured using phosphor light conversion.
The largest issue for the efficacy is the seemingly unavoidable Stokes energy loss. However, much effort is being spent on optimizing these devices to higher light output and higher operation temperatures. The efficiency can for instance be increased by adapting better package design or by using a more suitable type of phosphor. Philips Lumileds patented conformal coating process addresses for instance the issue of varying phosphor thickness, giving the white LEDs a more homogeneous white light. With development ongoing the efficacy is generally increased with every new product announcement.
Technically the phosphor based white LEDs encapsulate InGaN blue LEDs inside of a phosphor coated epoxy. A common yellow phosphor material is cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce3+:YAG).
White LEDs can also be made by coating near ultraviolet (NUV) emitting LEDs with a mixture of high efficiency europium-based red and blue emitting phosphors plus green emitting copper and aluminum doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al). This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. However, the ultraviolet light causes photodegradation to the epoxy resin and many other materials used in LED packaging, causing manufacturing challenges and shorter lifetimes. This method is less efficient than the blue LED with YAG:Ce phosphor, as the Stokes shift is larger and more energy is therefore converted to heat, but yields light with better spectral characteristics, which render color better. Due to the higher radiative output of the ultraviolet LEDs than of the blue ones, both approaches offer comparable brightness. Another concern is that UV light may leak from a malfunctioning light source and cause harm to human eyes or skin.
The newest method used to produce white light LEDs uses no phosphors at all and is based on homoepitaxially grown zinc selenide (ZnSe) on a ZnSe substrate which simultaneously emits blue light from its active region and yellow light from the substrate.
Typical indicator LEDs are designed to operate with no more than 30–60 milliwatts (mW) of electrical power. Around 1999, Philips Lumileds introduced power LEDs capable of continuous use at one watt (W). These LEDs used much larger semiconductor die sizes to handle the large power inputs. Also, the semiconductor dies were mounted onto metal slugs to allow for heat removal from the LED die.
One of the key advantages of LED-based lighting is its high efficiency, as measured by its light output per unit power input. White LEDs quickly matched and overtook the efficiency of standard incandescent lighting systems. In 2002, Lumileds made five-watt LEDs available with a luminous efficacy of 18–22 lumens per watt (lm/W). For comparison, a conventional 60–100 W incandescent lightbulb produces around 15 lm/W, and standard fluorescent lights produce up to 100 lm/W. (The luminous efficacy article discusses these comparisons in more detail.)
In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by the company Cree, Inc. to provide 24 mW at 20 milliamperes (mA). This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents. In 2006 they demonstrated a prototype with a record white LED luminous efficacy of 131 lm/W at 20 mA. Also, Seoul Semiconductor has plans for 135 lm/W by 2007 and 145 lm/W by 2008, which would be approaching an order of magnitude improvement over standard incandescents and better even than standard fluorescents. Nichia Corporation has developed a white light LED with luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W at a forward current of 20 mA.
It should be noted that high-power (≥ 1 W) LEDs are necessary for practical general lighting applications. Typical operating currents for these devices begin at 350 mA. The highest efficiency high-power white LED is claimed by Philips Lumileds Lighting Co. with a luminous efficacy of 115 lm/W (350 mA).
The most common way for LEDs (and diode lasers) to fail is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, however rare, can occur as well. Early red LEDs were notable for their short lifetime.
If the emitting layer material of the LED is an organic compound, it is known as an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). To function as a semiconductor, the organic emitting material must have conjugated pi bonds. The emitting material can be a small organic molecule in a crystalline phase, or a polymer. Polymer materials can be flexible; such LEDs are known as PLEDs or FLEDs.
Compared with regular LEDs, OLEDs are lighter, and polymer LEDs can have the added benefit of being flexible. Some possible future applications of OLEDs could be:
OLEDs have been used to produce visual displays for portable electronic devices such as cellphones, digital cameras, and MP3 players. Larger displays have been demonstrated, but their life expectancy is still far too short (<1,000 hours) to be practical.
Today, OLEDs operate at substantially lower efficiency than inorganic (crystalline) LEDs. The best luminous efficacy of an OLED so far is about 68 lm/W .
A new technique developed by Michael Bowers, a graduate student at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, involves coating a blue LED with quantum dots that glow white in response to the blue light from the LED. This technique produces a warm, yellowish-white light similar to that produced by incandescent bulbs.
Quantum Dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering white LEDs. Quantum dot LEDs are available in the same package types as traditional phosphor based LEDs.
Unlike incandescent light bulbs, which light up regardless of the electrical polarity, LEDs will only light with correct electrical polarity. When the voltage across the p-n junction is in the correct direction, a significant current flows and the device is said to be forward-biased. If the voltage is of the wrong polarity, the device is said to be reverse biased, very little current flows, and no light is emitted. LEDs can be operated on an alternating current voltage, but they will only light with positive voltage, causing the LED to turn on and off at the frequency of the AC supply.
Most LEDs have low reverse breakdown voltage ratings, so they will also be damaged by an applied reverse voltage above this threshold. If it is desired to drive the LED directly from an AC supply of more than the reverse breakdown voltage then it may be protected by placing a diode (or another LED) in inverse parallel.
The manufacture will normally advise on the correct way to determine the polarity of the LED in the product datasheet. However, these methods may also be used:
|anode (A)
|cathode (K)
|*Die placement:
It is strongly recommended to apply a safe voltage and observe the illumination as a test regardless of what method is used to determine the polarity.
The voltage versus current characteristics of an LED are much like any diode. Current is approximately an exponential function of voltage, so a small voltage change results in a large change in current. This can result either in a unlit LED or a current above the maximum rating, potentially destroying the LED; as the LED heats, its voltage drop decreases, further increasing current. Consequently, LEDs cannot connect directly to constant-voltage sources. A series resistor is a very simple and common way to stabilize the LED current, but wastes energy in the resistor. A constant current regulator is commonly used. Low drop-out (LDO) constant current regulators also allow the total LED string voltage to be a higher percentage of the power supply voltage, resulting in improved efficiency and reduced power use. Switching-type converters are used in some LED flashlights, stabilizing light output over a wide range of battery voltages and increasing the useful life of the batteries.
Sub-mA indicators may be made by driving ultrabright LEDs at very low current. Efficacy tends to reduce at low currents, but indicators running on 100 μA are still practical. The cost of ultrabrights is higher than 2 mA indicator LEDs.
Multiple LEDs are normally operated in parallel strings of series LEDs, with the total LED voltage typically adding up to around two-thirds of the supply voltage, with resistor current control for each string.
In disposable coin cell powered keyring type LED lights, the resistance of the cell itself is usually the only current limiting device. The cell should not therefore be replaced with a lower resistance type.
LEDs can be purchased with built in series resistors. These can save printed circuit board space and are especially useful when building prototypes or populating a PCB in a way other than its designers intended. However, the resistor value is set at the time of manufacture, removing one of the key methods of setting the LED's intensity.
Alphanumeric LEDs use the same drive strategy as indicator LEDs, the only difference being the larger number of channels, each with its own resistor. Seven-segment and starburst LED arrays are available in both common-anode or common-cathode form.
Finally, LEDs can be run from a single cell by use of a constant current switched mode invertor. The extra expense makes this option unpopular.
A CR dropper followed by full wave rectification is the usual ballast with series-parallel LED clusters. A single series string minimises dropper losses, while paralleled strings increase reliability. In practice usually three strings or more are used.
Operation on square wave and modified sine wave (MSW) sources, such as many invertors, causes heavily increased resistor dissipation in CR droppers, and LED ballasts designed for sine wave use tend to burn on non-sine waveforms. The non-sine waveform also causes high peak LED currents, heavily shortening LED life. An inductor & rectifier makes a more suitable ballast for such use, and other options are also possible.
Multiple LEDs can be connected in series with a single current limiting resistor provided the source voltage is greater than the sum of the individual LED threshold voltages. Parallel operation is also possible but can be more problematic. Parallel LEDs must have closely matched forward voltages (Vf) in order to have equal branch currents and, therefore, equal light output. Variations in the manufacturing process can make it difficult to obtain satisfactory operation when connecting some types of LEDs in parallel.
To increase efficiency (or to allow intensity control without the complexity of a DAC), the power may be applied periodically or intermittently; so long as the flicker rate is greater than the human flicker fusion threshold, the LED will appear to be continuously lit.
These are mostly single-die LEDs used as indicators, and they come in various-size packages:
Common package shapes:
The encapsulation may also be clear or semi opaque to improve contrast and viewing angle.
There are three main categories of miniature single die LEDs:
High power LEDs (HPLED) can be driven at more than one ampere of current and give out large amounts of light. Since overheating is destructive, the HPLEDs must be highly efficient to minimize excess heat; furthermore, they are often mounted on a heat sink to allow for heat dissipation. If the heat from a HPLED is not removed, the device will burn out in seconds.
A single HPLED can often replace an incandescent bulb in a flashlight, or be set in an array to form a powerful LED lamp.
LEDs have been developed that can run directly from mains power without the need for a DC converter. For each half cycle part of the LED diode emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half cycle. Current efficiency is 80 lm/W.
A "tri-color LED" is also two LEDs in one case, but the two LEDs are connected to separate leads so that the two LEDs can be controlled independently and lit simultaneously. A three-lead arrangement is typical with one commmon lead (anode or cathode).
RGB LEDs contain red, green and blue emitters, generally using a four-wire connection with one common lead (anode or cathode).
The Taiwanese LED manufacturer Everlight has introduced a 3 watt RGB package capable of driving each die at 1 watt.
LED displays are available in seven-segment and starburst format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters.
Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970s and 1980s, but increasing use of liquid crystal displays, with their lower power consumption and greater display flexibility, has reduced the popularity of numeric and alphanumeric LED displays.
Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used to this purpose, and this field of application is likely to remain one of the major application areas until price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination applications more widespread. LEDs constitute a nearly ideal light source for machine vision systems for several main reasons: