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Genuine GE part. GE brands include General Electric, Hotpoint, RCA, and others. See all items in Range / Cooktop / Oven Burner & Related.
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Part Diagram
Part Number WB28X105 (AP2027113) replaces 256130, 310301, 4330758, AH241126, EA241126, PS241126, WB28X0105.
Top Burner-Left Rear


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GREENVILLE — The emergence of junior safety Chip Thompson on East Carolina's defense came as no surprise to Ruffin McNeill.
It's exactly what the third-year Pirates coach expected.
Thompson, who transferred with junior cornerback Adonis Armstrong from Hinds Community College, is part of a tandem of newcomers making an immediate impact on an injury-depleted unit that needed the help.
Thompson made a national name for himself this week when he was named the Bronko Nagurski defensive player of the week by the Football Writers Association of America for his efforts in Saturday's 28-18 Conference USA win over Texas-El Paso.
A 6-foot, 210-pound native of Jackson, Miss., Thompson logged a career-high eight tackles and intercepted two fourth-quarter passes from Nick Lamaison — the second of which set up a key touchdown — to help shut down the Miners' comeback attempt.
Armstrong, a 5-foot-10, 181-pound go-getter from Clinton, Miss., sealed the deal when he picked off a Lamaison pass with 3:09 remaining in the game.
With cornerback Jacobi Jenkins, defensive end Justin Dixon and inside linebacker Daniel Drake all on the shelf in recent weeks, offering Thompson a scholarship during the summer before his sophomore year at Hinds has proven in hindsight to be a wise move.
"When signing Chip, we knew he would come in and be able to contribute early," McNeill said. "The things you see him do on film — Chip and Adonis — we saw them do that at Hinds. They picked off passes, made plays, made hits, had a knack for doing it."
Armstrong, who has started all five games for the Pirates (3-2, 2-0 C-USA) and is expected to start a sixth at Central Florida on Thursday, is fourth on the team with 26 tackles.
Thompson leads the team with two interceptions and is seventh with 18 tackles. He scored ECU's first points of the season when he returned a fumble 45 yards against Appalachian State on Sept. 1.
But Saturday was the first time he played an entire game, an experience that he said was helpful.
"It felt better," Thompson said. "I got a feel for the game and I could see the concepts and I could read my keys a lot faster."
McNeill, himself a former ECU defensive back, expects the pair to continue displaying their "knack."
"One game, it may be luck," McNeill said. "But two to three games in a row, it becomes a skill."
The question
Thompson's fumble return against Appalachian was the longest by an ECU player since Kwabena Green's 45-yarder against Tulane in 1999. Who holds the school record for the longest fumble return?
A real downer
Cody Lyon is listed on ECU's roster as a safety, but there is a more descriptive term for what he really does.
On the team, he's known as a "ball guy."
Lyon, a senior special teams specialist who transferred from Campbell and walked on, lines up on the left end on the punt unit and bolts down the field to find the ball.
So far, he's downed at least three Trent Tignor punts inside the 10-yard line, a fact that Tignor, especially, appreciates.
"I'm so glad I've got a guy like Cody Lyon on our punt team," the junior punter said.
"Everyone on the line has a role, and it just happens to be his role has paid off in the downing of the punts."
Lyon, a scrappy 5-foot-10, 184-pound Raleigh native with shoulder-length dark hair, said he practices downing punts every day. On Thursdays, he practices the jump-and-catch maneuver of keeping a bouncing, oblong ball out of the end zone.
Lyon believes he's developed a nose for the ball.
"I guess you could say that," he said. "I think all special teams comes down to effort, and if you're willing to give and know your role on the team, you become successful."
McNeill said Lyon plays with what special teams coach Kirk Doll calls "strain," meaning that he displays a constant sense of urgency. The contributions of an otherwise anonymous player are not lost on the head coach.
"The kids respect him, and he earns it by how he practices," McNeill said. "Every single day, he goes full speed and he strains."
On this date
The PIrates picked up a 21-17 win at Marshall on their way to a second straight C-USA title on Oct. 3, 2009.
Strange days indeed
While he believes first-year starting quarterback Shane Carden is improving each week, offensive coordinator Lincoln Riley admits that it's a little difficult to gauge.
Carden, a sophomore who won the job from junior Rio Johnson after the season's second game, has started an important C-USA game at defending league champion Southern Miss, a non-conference rivalry game at North Carolina and Saturday's home contest against UTEP, which was played in a nearly relentless downpour.
"He really just hasn't had a normal game yet," Riley said. "We've had two crazy ones on the road, and then that one (Saturday) night was just strange."
Riley had Carden, whose style of play has been compared to that of his favorite player, Brett Favre, roll out more often against the Miners to move the pocket around.
Carden completed 28 of 40 passes for 258 yards and a touchdown and rushed for another score, but his three interceptions helped give UTEP a fighting chance.
Even if the games have been unusual, Carden feels like he's evolving.
"Experience helps with anyone, any position," he said.
"It's kind of coming better and better in me. I'm feeling pretty good right now."
Riley wants him to feel even better.
"If he can just keep taking the steps that he's taking, then we're going to improve rapidly," Riley said. "And so will he."
The answer
Ernie Lewis returned a fumble 97 yards during a 41-28 loss at West Virginia on Nov. 7, 1992.
David Hall can be reached at (252) 559-1086 or at firstname.lastname@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Prices shown in currencies other than USA Dollars are estimates based on current exchange rates. We will charge your credit card in USA Dollars on the day your order is shipped, and the conversion to your local currency will be done at the prevailing rate by your credit card issuer.
Shipments outside the USA are declared as "bike parts" for customs purposes and will include the actual amount paid for merchandise and shipping. Jenson USA will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
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|28 - 30"
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Comments about The North Face Cruzer Short '11:
I'm usually between sizes. Depending on the brand, I could be a 30 or 32" waist. Since I read reviews of these being larger than the size chart recommends, I went with the Small (28-30). I can barely button these! This actually surprises me since most technical outdoor clothing is usually quite large in comparison to street wear. I'd say they are true to size, if not a bit on the small size. Not sure if I'll be able to ride in these, as they are so tight around my hips
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Comments about The North Face Cruzer Short '11:
Bought these shorts since they were on sale. Tried them on as soon as they arrived and loved them. I ordered sizr Large, I'm 6'2, and they fit perfect. Went out for a ride and they were very comfortable.
Comments about The North Face Cruzer Short '11:
Sizing way too big. Bought large-- I weigh 185 with a 34 inch waist but usually need room in the seat. Usually large sizes fit fine. These were so big i had to have adjustments all the way tight and still needed a belt.
Liner is attached to shorts and cannot be detached
unless loops are cut-- no way to button or unbutton otherwise--result is that short liner gets easily twisted.
Zipper on pocket broke on first use-- very disappointing on a north face product
Comments about The North Face Cruzer Short '11:
Purchased smalls for my 9 year old son (he is 5'3") and they fit well. Liked them enough to purchase my own pair. Like the material and pockets. One pocket is for a MP3 player/phone with a hole for stringing earbuds. I do not ride with earbuds as I am concerned about safety and hearing what is going on around me. Not sure how I would string earbuds from my thigh to my ear without jerking them off my ears. So that pocket makes an additional holder. Overall I am very happy plus they came with a chamios that can be removed.
Best Uses
Comments about The North Face Cruzer Short '11:
I've always bought $50 riding shorts, but tried these since they were on sale. I will be getting another pair - they are worth the $.
Adjustable waist is good, pockets that make sense for a mountain biker.
My small complaints being - unremovable liner, and the pad itself is a bit bulky.
Jenson USA ships worldwide, including APO/FPO addresses. For a quote, simply add the items you are interested in to your shopping cart and look for the "Shipping Options" box. You don't have to login or create an account to see shipping charges.
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1968 AMC AMX VIN A8C397T330336 This stunning AMX has been professionally restored! It comes with an original owner's manual and 2 award winning show... More
What a find!!! A Viper blue 68 AMX--390--automatic--8 track stereo- chrome magnum rims and yes! Factory air conditioning!!IT Is not on the AMX but,... More
You are looking at a 1968 AMC AMX, Freshly Rebuilt 390 engine from/ Gouger Racing, from Porter, In.. New Headers, New Exhaust/Mufflers, New Brakes,... More
The AMC AMX is overdue for a big bounce-back in the market, and if there's a car that's going to lead the charge, it's... More
1968 American "AMX" 2-Door Hardtop, 390ci/315 Hp. 4BBL V-8, Borg Warner Automatic, Correct "Blazer Blue Iridescent" Exterior (Code-45A), Correct Red Vinyl Interior (Code-835A), Power... More
1968 American Motors AMX The Former very fussy owner enjoyed this rare and unique American Two Seater Muscle Car for over 30 years. ... More
1968 AMC AMX Gold with Black Stripes. One of only 6725 produced in 1968. This car was in storage for34 years. Original black interior,... More


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Scar Revision
When the skin is in the process of recovering from an injury, whether the result of an accident, surgery, a burn, or acne, scarring will occur whenever multiple layers of the skin have been affected. Once a scar forms, it is permanent but may be made less visible, relocated surgically, or minimized in its prominence.
Initial Visit
During a patient's complimentary first visit, a full medical history will be taken. Physical examination will focus on age, genetics, skin color and type, and elasticity. It is important to discuss any pre-existing conditions, allergies, and the history of your scar. The surgeon will ask about your expectations for scar revision. Once your surgeon understands your expectations, mutual, realistic goals can be set.
Insurance does not generally cover surgery that changes one's appearance, which insurance considers to be cosmetic. However, some patients may have functional limitations of the eyes, mouth, or nose, and those surgeries may be reimbursable in whole or in part.
Some surgeons advise against any scar revision in cases of injury for a period that might extend up to a year after the injury. This allows the body enough time to heal fully. Frequently, scars that are very prominent after injury will fade with time.
Scar Types
Different types of scars often require different treatments. A burn scar is very different from a keloid scar, for example. Different scar types are found below. Because scars are highly individual, some may require more than one procedure and more than one technique may be employed.
- Severe Burn Scars
Severe burns that destroy large sections of skin cause the skin to heal with a puckered texture. As the skin heals, muscles, and nearby tendons may be affected by this movement.
- Keloid Scars
Keloid scars are a result of the skin's over-production of collagen after a wound has healed. These scars generally appear as growths at the scar site. They are often treated first with steroids to reduce their size.
- Hypertrophic Scars
Unlike keloids, hypertrophic scars do not grow out of the boundaries of the scar area, but because of their thick, raised texture, they can be unsightly and may restrict the natural movement of muscles and tendons. They are often treated first with steroids to reduce their size.
Scar Revision Techniques
Steroid injections are injected directly into the scar tissue to help decrease the itching redness and burning sensation and may decrease the size of the scar. Often steroid injections are used along with surgery and may continue up to two years after the surgery to help maximize healing and decrease the chance of the scar returning.
Skin flaps are performed after the scar tissue is removed, composed of adjacent healthy, unscarred skin, are then lifted and moved to form a new incision line.
Where a flap is not possible, a skin graft may be used. A graft involves taking a section of skin tissue from one area and attaching it to another. Time must be allowed following surgery for new blood vessels and soft tissue to form.
Z-plasty is a method to move a scar from one area to another, usually into a natural fold or crease in the skin to minimize its visibility. While Z-plasty does not remove all signs of a scar, it does make it less noticeable.
Laser resurfacing makes rough or elevated scars less prominent, by removing part of the upper layers of skin with laser light. The scar will remain, but it will be smoother and less visible.
Tissue expansion is a newer technique that involves a process that increases the amount of existing tissue available for reconstructive purposes and is often used in conjunction with flap surgery.
Pre-Operative Instructions
For at least two weeks before surgery, patients are required to refrain from smoking, alcohol and all aspirin products. Smoking interferes with circulation and healing, and products containing aspirin or ibuprofen thin the blood and increase the risk of bleeding.
Post-Operative Instructions
A dressing may be applied. Sitiches are removed 4 to 7 days after the procedure.
You can expect to feel some discomfort after facial scar revision surgery. There will likely be some swelling, redness, and bruising. You will be advised to sleep with your head elevated, to apply cold compresses to reduce swelling, and to avoid any activity that would put stress on the incision site.
Avoid sun exposure for several months after surgery. Use sunblock (with SPF 15 or above) or a dressing to protect the incision site.
It is important to remember that scar tissues require a year or more to fully heal and achieve maximum improvement in appearance.
Surgical Risks
There may be some post-operative bleeding which usually resolves itself. Other risks include infection, hematoma (accumulations of blood under the skin), blood clots, scar recurrence and keloid formation (or recurrence).
Scar revision can improve or reduce the appearance of scars. It can also restore function and correct disfigurement caused by an injury, wound or previous surgery.


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Mojo hit record stores worldwide on Tuesday, and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers celebrated with an incendiary show of hits and new songs at Calgary's Saddledome.
Host to the annual Stampede every July, Calgary is located on the prairie at the foothills of the Canadian Rockies and is the largest city in Alberta Province. Built in 1983 in time to host events for the 1988 Winter Olympics, the Saddledome is home to the Calgary Flames and first hosted a concert in 1983 featuring the Moody Blues. Rod Stewart has played the Saddledome eleven times, the most of any performer in venue history.
Joe Cocker and his band got the night started with a bang with "Feelin' Alright," but the highlight of their set was a raucous "You Can Leave Your Hat On" that got the Saddledome crowd up on its feet and moving early.
Ten thousand strong flicked lighters and sang along as Tom and the guys pulled off a beautiful version of "Free Fallin'" at the outset of their two-hour-plus set. "I Won't Back Down" scorched, Tom sneering the classic chorus backed by a thundering drumbeat from Steve Ferrone. Tom introduced the band before Scott Thurston and Mike Campbell ripped into the opening of "Jefferson Jericho Blues," a new song off Mojo inspired in part by our nation's third president and his dalliances with Sally Hemmings. Highlights following the Mojo segment of the show included "Don't Come Around Here No More" and "Refugee." We're over two weeks into the tour now and looking forward to tonight's show in Edmonton!


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Top Definition
A very inexpensive prostitute.
Katy let me fuck her in the ass for $15. What a pumpernickel!
Beküldő: Peter Crammer 2006. december 10.
7 more definitions
Intercourse that consists of five pumps only
We didn't have much time so we went in the bathroom and had a pumpernickel.
Her parents were on their way home so we pumpernickeled
That girl is so hot! I would loe to get her in the corner and pumpernickel
Her parents were on their way home so we pumpernickeled
That girl is so hot! I would loe to get her in the corner and pumpernickel
Beküldő: Who's NOW? 2009. augusztus 17.
Used to describe someone of a dark brown or black skin tone. Originated from pumpernickel, a dark bread. Abbreviated version is 'pumps'.
That pumpernickel Wesley Snipes was sent to jail for tax evasion.
5 pumps tried to jack me last night.
5 pumps tried to jack me last night.
Beküldő: El Deee 2010. december 21.
Pumpernickels is an expletive on Buddypic.com. It substitutes the word "nude(s)" for "pumpernicke(s)"
1. Send me your pumpernickels baby.
Beküldő: Tommy Kerr 2005. augusztus 14.
A bowling game to get drunk. A shot is taken for every strike, by those who did not get a strike
I'm taking that chick I just met to play pumpernickel. Better I play, drunker she gets.
Beküldő: Caceezy 2014. november 9.
A word describing great shock and surprise registered by the speaker of the word.
Second definition could also mean prostitutes.
Second definition could also mean prostitutes.
Oh my pumpernickel, you did not just have Anneka's Turkish Delight
Beküldő: JewishNose 2013. szeptember 13.
a cheap ho, slut, hooker, prostitute, etc...
that bitch was a pumpernickel. as in i didn't have nothin but change in my pocket, but she let me pump her for a nickel
Beküldő: bombasstic 2008. szeptember 24.


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Campus Outreach
|National Depression Screening Day
This national event is held on campus each October during Mental Illness Awareness Week and is designed to raise awareness of mental health issues, and to screen individuals for Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Educational material is available during the event, as is referral information for individuals in need of mental health services.
National Alcohol Screening Day National Alcohol Screening Day (NASD)is a free public health event that provides anonymous screening for alcohol-use disorders and offers educational materials about alcohol and health-related issues. NASD is an outreach promotional effort to reduce and prevent at-risk drinking. The event is open to campus and community members.
The screening form, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), asks participants about their drinking habits and if their behaviors have changed due to their drinking. Once the screening form is scored, participants have the opportunity to discuss the results with a mental health professional or University Health Services clinician. If appropriate, the participants receive referral information regarding support and/or treatment services both on campus and in the community. The screening process takes approximately 10-20 minutes for each participant.
Women's Support Group Women's Interpersonal Process and Support Group. This is a closed group that runs for one year and reopens (for new members) at start of each Fall term Group members will be able to use this forum to:
Active Minds Active Minds is a peer education student organization focusing on providing awareness, education, and advocacy for mental health on the Kent State University campus. There are approximately 15 members (fall'08); seven members serve on the executive board. All campus chapters adhere to Active Minds, Inc. national mission and to reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues and strives to empower students to succeed in their academic endeavors and in their lives.
If you would like to join the Active Minds student organization or find out more about this group, please contact Sharon Briggs at (330) 672-8267 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Various Workshops Psychological Services staff responds to requests for various presentations and workshops on a variety of topics aimed at increasing student retention and enhancing the living and learning community here at Kent State University.


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Shipments outside the USA are declared as "bike parts" for customs purposes and will include the actual amount paid for merchandise and shipping. Jenson USA will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
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Chris King spent months developing their Chris King ISO Disc Hubs SD (Small Diameter). First, Chris King had to modify and adapt their machines to use larger bar stock in order to manufacture the hub shells. Larger flange sizes allow the spoke holes away from each other and to use shorter spokes. Shorter spokes lead to stiffer, stronger and more durable wheels.
Each Chris King ISO Disc Hub SD are meant to be on the road for miles and miles. Many manufacturers can create lightweight hubs that may not last, but Chris King offers a 5 year warranty. That is 5 years of hard riding, panic stops and all sorts of weather.
The Chris King SD hub can be set up for QR or 15mm axle type. Conversion axles are sold separately. The Chris King ISO Disc Hubs are compatible with 6-bolt disc brakes.
For Chris King Hub Tech, check them out Chris King Warranty Information
Register your new Chris King product here. If there is an issue, give Chris King a call at 800-523-6008.
Chris King warranty time frames are:
Chris King Warranty Information
Jenson USA ships worldwide, including APO/FPO addresses. For a quote, simply add the items you are interested in to your shopping cart and look for the "Shipping Options" box. You don't have to login or create an account to see shipping charges.
Some manufacturers restrict where we can ship their products. If this item has shipping restrictions, they are listed below. If you'd like to buy an item that we cannot ship to your preferred address, we can accept your foreign credit card and ship to a USA address for you.
Get free shipping with your $50 purchase today when you choose Standard Shipping at checkout. Please note this offer is only available to physical shipping addresses in the 48 continental United States (no PO Boxes), and oversize charges still apply on some heavy/large items
Get free Standard Shipping with your $50 purchase today! Just choose Standard Shipping during checkout.
Please note this offer is only available to physical shipping addresses in the 48 continental United States (no PO Boxes), and oversize charges still apply on some heavy/large items.


text:
Defending state champion Southwest is back in the girls' soccer playoffs.
The Stallions clinched the Coastal Plains 1-A Conference title and the league's only automatic postseason berth with an 8-1 win at Lejeune on Wednesday night.
Southwest (7-8-2, 5-0) will open the NCHSAA playoffs either on Tuesday or Wednesday, but not before the Stallions visit CPC rival Dixon on Friday in the regular-season finale.
The Stallions have advanced to the state final for three consecutive years, winning it all in 2010 and 2012.
"With a sub .500 record, we needed to get that conference championship to guarantee us a spot in the playoffs," Southwest coach John Sweeney said. "I think we are a better team that our record indicates and I feel like we are looking good at the right time.
"Maybe we are hitting our stride at the right time of the year."
Alex Crow led the Stallions with three goals while Hannah Campbell added two assists.
The game was tied 1-1 when Lejeune's Emily Collins scored on a penalty kick. Kimberly Carroll gave Southwest a 2-1 lead with seven minutes left in the first half before Courtney Whaley scored with 45 seconds left in the half to make it 3-1.
"Lejeune did a great job. It was a very close and competitive match for 33 minutes," Sweeney said. "Once we started finishing, we got into a nice rhythm."
Southwest 3 5— 8
Lejeune 1 0— 1
GOALS—S: Crow 3, Carroll, Whaley, Zedek, Acosta, Wigfall. L: Collins. ASSISTS—S: Campbell 2, Blake, Brault, Marley, Whaley. IN GOAL—S: Dugan (2 saves), Ware (0 saves). L: Banta (9 saves). SHOTS ON GOAL—S 17, L 3. CORNER KICKS—S 7, L 0. RECORDS—S: 7-8-2, 5-0, at Dixon on Friday. L: 4-11-1, 0-6, season complete.
n Dixon 2, East Carteret 1: Dixon's Carly Rochelle scored on a penalty kick with about 1:30 left in the match to give the Bulldogs a Coastal Plains 1-A Conference win over East Carteret.
Despite the win, however, Dixon will have to settle for second place in the CPC, given Southwest's win at Lejeune on Wednesday gave the Stallions the league title.
But that doesn't matter to the Bulldogs. They want to defeat Southwest on Friday and enhance their chances for the state playoffs. Dixon lost 1-0 at Southwest earlier this season.
"Our conference only has one team that's guaranteed in the playoffs, but we feel like we are in until they (NCHSAA) tell us we are not in," Dixon coach Josh King said. "Every game is important. We are on a five-game winning streak and we got positive momentum."
The Bulldogs took a 1-0 lead over ECHS, thanks to a goal by Katelynn Jones, who was assisted by Allyna Ankney. The Mariners tied the game when Lindsey Thayer scored with about eight minutes left in the first half.
Dixon and ECHS tied 1-1 earlier this season.
East Carteret 1 0— 1
Dixon 1 1— 2
GOALS—E: Thayer. D: Jones, Rochelle. ASSISTS—D: Ankney. IN GOAL—E: Piner (7 saves). D: Miranda Davis (7 saves). SHOTS ON GOAL—E 8, D 9. CORNER KICKS—E 7, D 5. RECORDS—E: D: 8-5-4, 3-1-1, hosts Southwest on Friday.
n White Oak 9, West Craven 0: Ericca Lenhardt and Della Futral each recorded a hat trick to lead White Oak to a win at West Craven in a Coastal 3-A Conference match called after the first half because of the 9-goal mercy rule.
Mary Gorry, Kodie Drake and Rachel Krueger each added a goal and an assist for the Vikings, who visit rival Jacksonville tonight in a match that will decide the conference champion.
The defending state 3-A champion Vikings are one game behind the Cardinals (15-3-2, 12-1), but defeated Jacksonville 1-0 earlier this season. If WOHS wins, both teams will be considered co-champions with the Vikings take the top seed for the playoffs.
"To be honest, I think it could go either way," WOHS coach Buddy Carroll said. "It just depends on who shows up. We are excited, but it's not the big picture. It's just another game in a rivalry."
Carroll has no concern that his team will play a game for the second consecutive day.
"Tonight was just kind of a warm-up to prepare," he said. "I'm just glad we came out with no injuries."
White Oak 9 0— 9
West Craven 0 0— 0
GOALS—WO: Lenhardt 3, Futral 3, Gorry, Drake, Krueger. ASSISTS—WO: Krueger 3, Drake, Cole, Gorry, Helms. IN GOAL—WO: Helms (0 saves), Jones (0 saves). WC: NA. SHOTS ON GOAL—WO 19, WC 0. CORNER KICKS—WO 14, WC 0. RECORDS—WO: 16-3, 11-2, at Jacksonville today.
n Wildcats win: Richlands topped Southwest in a nonconference match at Bear Trail.
The Wildcats' Riley Morton earned medalist honors with a 2-under-par 72.
Nick Lisle shot a 74 for the Stallions, who will play in the NCHSAA 1-A East Regional championships Monday at Bear Trail.
TEAMS: Richlands 303, Southwest 336
INDIVIDUALS: Medalist: Riley Morton 70. R: Taylor 76, Brown 76, Edwards 81. S: Lisle 74, Goodson 80, Tausch 85, Gagnon 97.
n Topsail 7, Dixon 3: Dixon lost a nonconference game at Topsail.
Alexis Whaley was 1-for-3 with two RBIs for the Bulldogs, who are 6-3 in the Coastal Plains 1-A Conference entering Friday's game at Lejeune.
Dixon 100 200 0— 3 3 4
Topsail 212 200 x— 710 2
WP—Abston 7 IP, 3 H, 3 R, 2 ER, 5 K, 5 BB. LP—Whaley (4-4) 6 IP, 10 H, 7 R, 4 ER, 1 K, 2 BB. LEADING HITTERS—D: Amber Giuliano 1-3, run; Whaley 1-3, 2B, 2 RBI; Jordan Parker 1-2. T: Gaylord 2-3, run. RECORDS —D: 10-12, at Lejeune on Friday.


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Difference between revisions of "Washington Mandatory Labeling of Genetically Engineered Food Measure, Initiative 522 (2013)"
(→Election results)
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==Election results==
==Election results==
Ballotpedia called this measure '''defeated'''. Below are the election results as of November 8 at 5:30 pm. Washington is a mail in ballot state and does not have polling places. All ballots postmarked November 5will be counted even though they may not been received and tallied yet. Results are certified on November 26, 2013 by the [[Washington Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].
{{Short outcome
{{Short outcome
Revision as of 19:50, 12 November 2013
|Washington Initiative 522
|Click here for the latest news on U.S. ballot measures
|Quick stats
|Initiative to the Legislature
|Referred by:
|Food and agriculture
|On the ballot
- 1 Election results
- 2 Background
- 3 Text of measure
- 4 Support
- 5 Opposition
- 6 Media endorsements
- 7 Polls
- 8 Reports and analyses
- 9 Related lawsuits
- 10 Path to the ballot
- 11 Similar measures
- 12 See also
- 13 External links
- 14 Additional reading
- 15 References
Had it been approved, the initiative would have required certain foods and seeds for sale to consumers that come from plants or animals which contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to be labeled as such. If these foods were not labeled correctly, a penalty of up to $1,000 per day per mislabeled item could have been assessed on the violator. The stipulations in I-522 would have taken effect on July 1, 2015.[2]
According to the Washington Official Voter Guide 2013, I-522 defined GMOs as foods in which there have been "changes to genetic material produced through techniques that directly insert DNA or RNA into organisms or that use cell fusion techniques to overcome natural barriers to cell multiplication or recombination."[3]
A similar measure, California's Proposition 37, was narrowly defeated on November 6, 2012. Proposition 37 enjoyed a 61% lead in the polls in early September of 2012; roughly $45.6 million was spent to defeat it.
If I-522 had passed, it would have been the first measure of its type in the country to be approved vial the ballot.[4]
Election results
Ballotpedia unofficially called this measure defeated. Below are the election results as of November 8 at 5:30 pm. Washington is a mail in ballot state and does not have polling places. All ballots postmarked November 5, 2013 will be counted even though they may not have been received and tallied yet. Results are certified on November 26, 2013 by the Secretary of State.
|Initiative 522
- These results are from the Washington Office of the Secretary of State.
|ballot measure article has preliminary election results. Certified election results will be added as soon as they are made available by the state or county election office. The following totals are as of percent of precincts reporting.
Major scientific studies have consistently ruled that genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption. Virtually all major studies have been funded or conducted by the companies promoting and selling such products, however. Opponents have called for independent studies on GMOs, as some smaller independent studies have indicated GMOs may not be safe under all or certain circumstances, such as pregnancy. Some countries have banned the sales of GMOs citing this lack of research done by independent institutions, rather than the companies themselves. GMO labeling is mandated in 64 countries, including the European Union nations, Australia, China, Japan, Brazil and India. Proponents of GMO labeling in the United States are focusing their campaigns not on the safety of GMOs, but on transparency in the food system.[5] In the United States a large proportion of commodity crops are genetically engineered: 97% of the nation's sugar beets, 93% of the soybeans, 90% of the cotton and 90% of the feed corn, according to the 2013 figures from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [6] In the summer of 2013, Maine and Connecticut both passed GMO labeling laws, however the laws will not take effect unless other states follow suit.[7]
March Against Monsanto (MAM) organized protests in fifty-two countries and in over four-hundred cities to happen on October 12, 2013. MAM described their goal as "informing the public, calling into question long-term health risks of genetically modified foods and demanding the GMO products be labeled so that consumers can make informed decisions."[8] Over 2,000 people participated in a similar march in Seattle on May 25, 2013. MAM and news sources estimated the march in Seattle would be larger due to Initiative 522.[9]
California's Proposition 37
In 2012, voters in California voted on a similar measure, which would have required the labeling of GMOs and prevented foods containing them from being designated as "natural." Prop 37 was defeated by a narrow margin of 51.4 percent to 48.6 percent. Supporters of the measure raised $8,700,000, while the opposition campaign - which, like I-522 received millions of dollars from the biotech corporation Monsanto - raised $45,600,000. Read more about Prop 37 here.
Text of measure
Ballot text
The following was the ballot text on file with the Washington Secretary of State's office and provided by the initiative's supporters:[10]
|Initiative Measure No. 522 concerns labeling of genetically-engineered foods.
This measure would require most raw agricultural commodities, processed foods, and seeds and seed stocks, if produced using genetic engineering as defined, to be labeled as genetically engineered when offered for retail sale.
Should this measure be enacted into law?
The following was the ballot measure summary of the proposal:
"This measure would require foods produced entirely or partly with genetic engineering, as defined, to be labeled as genetically engineered when offered for retail sale in Washington, beginning in July 2015. The labeling requirement would apply generally to raw agricultural commodities, processed foods, and seeds and seed stock, with some exceptions, but would not require that specific genetically-engineered ingredients be identified. The measure would authorize state enforcement and civil penalties, and allow private enforcement actions."[10]
Fiscal Impact
According to the official statement put out by the Washington Office of Financial Management, "Known state agency implementation costs are estimated at $3,368,000 over six fiscal years. State and local revenue and costs from enforcement activities are indeterminate." Based on state expenditure and cost assumptions, "the total cost of this expenditure over six fiscal years is estimated at $1,200,000." The following table shows Department of Health - the entity that would be responsible for enforcing the measure - estimated costs by fiscal year:[13]
The campaign in support of the measure was run by "Yes on 522."[14]. See here for more campaign videos and ads created in support and in opposition to I-522.
Yes on I 522, GMO Labeling
- State Senator Maralyn Chase (D-32), co-chaired the campaign
- State Representative Cary Condotta (R-12), co-chaired the campaign
- Seattle City Council[15]
- Mike McGinn, Mayor of Seattle
- State Senator Mark Mullet (D-5)
- State Senator Jeanne Kohl-Welles (D-36)
- State Senator Bob Hasegawa (D-11)
- State Senator Sharon Nelson (D-34)
- State Senator Ed Murray (D-43)
- State Senator Paull Shin (D-21)
- State Representative Jim Moeller (D-49)
- State Representative Ruth Kagi (D-32)
- State Representative Larry Seaquist (D-26)
- State Representative Sharon Tomiko Santos (D-37)
- State Representative Joe Fitzgibbon (D-34)
- State Representative Marko Liias (D-21)
- State Representative Cindy Ryu (D-32)
- State Representative Luis Moscoso (D-1)
- State Representative Gerry Pollet (D-46)
- State Representative Roger Freeman (D-30)
- State Representative David Sawyer (D-29)
- Martin Moore, Parks and Recreation Commissioner, City of Federal Way (D)
- Dow Constantine, King County Executive (D)
- Lloyd Hara, King County Assessor (D)
- Marty Campbell, Deputy Mayor of Tacoma (D)
- Ryan Mello, Tacoma City Council (D)
- Tim Leavitt, Mayor of Vancouver (D)
- Ben Stuckart, Spokane City Council President (D)
- Mike Fagan, Spokane City Council (D)
- Derrick Skaug, Pullman City Council (D)
- Nathan Weller, Pullman City Council (D)
- Randy Corman, President, Renton City Council (D)
- Steve Stuart, Clark County Commissioner (D)
- Jim McCune, Pierce County Council (R)
- Jon Culp, Okanogan City Council (D)
- Dwight Pelz, Chair, Washington State Democrats (D)
Yes on 522 — Washington State GMO Labeling
Former officials
- Luke Esser, Former Chair, Washington State Republican Party (R)
- Former State Senator Bill Finkbeiner (R-45)
- Former State Representative Brendan Williams (D-22)
- The Alliance for Democracy
- Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Association
- Biosafety Alliance
- Buy Local Clark County
- Center for Food Safety
- Chinook Book Seattle
- Community to Community
- Conservation Northwest
- Credo Action
- Environmental Working Group
- Faith Action Network
- Farm and Ranch Freedom Alliance
- Food and Water Watch
- Food Democracy Now!
- Friends of the Earth
- Fuse
- GMO-Free San Juan County
- Good Food World
- Grays Harbor County Democrats
- Green America
- GrowFood.org
- Healthcare Professionals for a Safe & Healthy Sustainable Food Supply
- Institute for Responsible Technology
- Jefferson County Democrats
- Jefferson County Farmers Market Association
- Just Label It
- King County Democrats
- Kitsap County Democrats
- Lewis County Democrats
- Lopez Locavores
- Mangrove Action Project
- National Young Farmers Association
- Natural Products Association Northwest
- Non-GMO Project
- Nutritional Therapy Association
- Palouse Environmental Sustainability Coalition
- PCC Farmland Trust
- Pesticide Action Network
- Pierce County Democrats
- Occupy Bellingham
- Organic Consumers Association
- Organic Seed Growers and Trade Association
- Quimper Grange 720
- Seattle Tilth
- Sierra Club, Snohomish Chapter
- Slow Food Land and Sea
- Snohomish County Democrats
- Spokane County Democrats
- Sustainable Capitol Hill
- Sustainable Connections
- Tilth Producers of Washington
- United Farm Workers
- United National Products Association
- University of Washington Young Democrats
- Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians
- Washington Conservation Voters
- Washington East Asian Medicine Association
- Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility
- Washington State Farmers Market Association
- Washington State Nurses Association
- Washington State Senior Citizens Lobby
- Washington Sustainable Food and Farming Network
- Washington Toxics Coalition
- Washington Young Farmers Coalition
- WashPIRG
- Western Washington Physicians for a National Health Program
- Whatcom County Democrats
- Whatcom County Women's Democratic Club
- Whatcom County Young Democrats
- See also: A full list of supporters
The arguments presented in favor of Initiative 522 in the state's official voter guide were constructed by supporters of I-522, including: Judy Huntington, RN, Executive Director, Washington Nurses Association; Seth Williams, Fourth-Generation Wheat Farmer, Eastern Washington; Walt Bowen, President, Washington State Senior Citizens' Lobby; Trudy Bialic, Director of Public Affairs, PCC Natural Markets; Maralyn Chase, State Senator, Democrat, Shoreline; Cary Condotta, State Representative, Republican, Wenatchee. The arguments featured included:[16]
- "Right to know: In America, we have a right to know important information about the food we eat and feed our families - such as sugar and sodium levels, whether flavors are natural or artificial, the country of origin, and if fish are wild or farm-raised. We also should have a right to choose whether we want to buy and eat genetically engineered food. Labels matter. They ensure transparency and preserve the freedom to make our own decisions about the food we eat. I-522 is a step in the right direction. U.S. companies already label genetically engineered foods for markets in the 64 countries that require labeling, including some of Washington's largest trading partners. Genetically engineered crops, such as wheat, have contaminated conventional crops in the Northwest. Some countries suspended imports from our farmers, putting our economy at risk. Separation and labeling, from the seed level up through the supply chain, helps protect exports to countries that require labeling."[16]
- "Broad support: I-522 was brought to the ballot by more than 350,000 citizens and draws strong support from farmers, fishing families, health care professionals, business owners, Republicans, Democrats, and Independents across our state."[16]
- "Labels let you decide: Voting Yes on I-522 is an important step for more information about your food. You should have the freedom to decide what to eat. Your food decisions should be up to you - not corporations, the government, or special interests. Labels let you decide. Vote for the right to know what's in your food."[16]
- Rebuttal of argument against: "Powerful chemical corporations that genetically engineer food oppose labeling because they care about their profits, not our right to know. The truth: labels ensure transparency. The government has conducted no independent safety tests and the Washington State Nurses Association endorses labeling to trace health issues. Labeling is easy and it gives us the freedom to decide what to buy. Foods are relabeled frequently. Adding words to a label doesn't increase costs. Trust yourself to decide."[16]
The Center for Media and Democracy, a self-described "non-profit watchdog organization," investigated the opposition's advertisements and tactics and produced the following criticisms:[17]
- The claim of increased food prices is "unfounded." It assumeed that all food manufacturers in Washington would switch to more expensive organic ingredients.
- No on 522 was funded by large agribusiness companies, but, on their website they didn't include these under "supporters." Rather, they included individual farmers, ranchers and scientists. No on 522's strategy is known as "astroturf," because their campaign attempted to resemble an "authentic" grassroots campaign, "just as astroturf is made to look like actual grass."
- Many scientists are not convinced GMOs are safe, despite the opposition's claims. Plant Pathologist Doug Gurian-Sherman pointed out that "biotech companies prohbit any independent testing of their products. That means that the only safety testing ever done on GE foods is done by the companies that profit from them."
Michael Lipsky of Demos, a public policy and advocacy organization, offered a rebuttal of the price-hike argument made by the Washington Research Council, a business-supported organization. He noted that opponents were relying on an overly simplistic economic analysis. He offered a two-part price analysis based on supply-and-demand:[18]
- "For one thing, if labeling were required, particularly if (and when) the labeling requirement is adopted by other states, demand for non-GMO versions of corn, soybeans, and sugar beets — the basic GMO crops — would increase, production would expand, and prices for non-GMO ingredients would decline. The result would be a new price equilibrium surely less costly for food producers than the cost of current non-GMO ingredients."
- "For another, if foods with GMO ingredients indeed were cheaper to produce, there would be ongoing demand for the less expensive versions of food products, and some GMO foods would find a market niche at the lower price point."
Other arguments for the measure included:
- A key argument put forth for mandatory labeling was that such labeling would allow consumers more control over their purchasing decisions. According to initiative sponsor Chris McManus, "Yes, you can steer clear of certain items, but unless you know that they're there, how do you know to steer clear of them? Putting a label on the front of that just informs the consumer a little bit more about what they're buying."[19]
- Supporters said that mandatory labeling would not impact companies' profits because food labels are already routinely updated. They also pointed to the fact that labels are already used for sugar, fat and other ingredients so there would be no extra cost to adding information to genetically engineered food labels.[20]
- Political Science Professor Todd Donovan, an expert on ballot measures, said, "This is not just about what's going on in Washington state. This reminds of the beverage tax in that you've got some really powerful, well-financed groups that don't want to see the idea spreading to other states and they're probably willing to spend a ton of money here to play defense so they don't have do to this elsewhere."[21]
- Marion Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, stated that GMOs being "functionally equivalent" to convention crops was not a good enough reason to not label them. He labeled that argument as "disingenuous." She said, "There is plenty of precedent for FDA requiring process labeling. Think of 'made from concentrate' or 'previously frozen."[6]
- Kelly Fox, President of Washington State Council of Firefighters, said that labeling would encourage safer work conditions for workers. She stated, "Genetically engineered crops use more toxic chemicals than regular crops, putting the workers tending these farms at greater risk: We stand in support of greater safety at work, and by labeling genetically engineering in food, we can choose to support safer jobs."[22]
- State Senator Mark Mullet (D-5) said, "I support it. This is just trying to make people make more informed decisions. And if enough states start labeling it, then maybe it will all catch on. I got both sides in Olympia. Having lived in Europe for five years, I view this as a very soft thing. This is just letting customers make better choices."[23]
- David Bronner of Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps argued that GMO labeling is an important first step against corporate control of plant genetics. He said, "GMO labeling is just the beginning but it is a crucial step. The seed industry is being bought by chemical companies that produces pesticides inside the plants people eat. Companies are reinforcing unsustainable practices."[24]
Campaign contributions
The "No" campaign outraised the "Yes" campaign by $13,578,632 or 261%. The "No" campaign outspent the "Yes" campaign by $11,895,393 or 244%.
The following data was obtained from the Public Disclosure Commission and was current as of October 30, 2013. The following were committees registered in support of Initiative 522:
PAC info:
|Amount raised
|Amount spent
|EWG Yes on I-522 Comm
|Farmers & Friends of Initiative 522
|Genetically Modified Organisms Awareness Group
|GMO Right to Know
|Label It WA
|Organic Consumers Fund Comm to Label GMOs in WA ST
|Yes on I-522 Comm
| Total campaign cash
as of October 4, 2013
Top 5 contributors:
|Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps
|Organic Consumer Fund
|Mercola.Com Health Resources LLC
|Organic Consumer Fund to Label GMOs in WA State
|Presence Marketing Inc.
The campaign opposing the measure was run by the No on 522 Coalition. See here for all the campaign videos and ads created in support and in opposition to I-522.
No on I 522, GMO Labeling
- Washington State Republican Party
- Republicans of Spokane County
- State Senator Michael Baumgartner (R-6)
- State Senator Janea Holmquist (R-13)
- State Senator Jim Honeyford (R-15)
- State Senator Mark G. Schoesler (R-9)
- State Senator Tim Sheldon (D-35)
- State Representative Gary Alexander (R-2)
- State Representative Vincent Buys (R-42)
- State Representative Bruce Chandler (R-15)
- State Representative Donald Cox (R-9)
- State Representative Larry Crouse (R-4)
- State Representative Cathy Dahlquist (R-31)
- State Representative Susan Fagan (R-9)
- State Representative Larry Haler (R-8)
- State Representative Mike Hewitt (R-16)
- State Representative Norm Johnson (R-15)
- State Representative Brad Klippert (R-8)
- State Representative Linda Kochmar (R-30)
- State Representative Judy Warnick (R-13)
- State Representative Joe Schmick (R-9)
- State Representative Kevin Parker (R-6)
- State Representative Terry R. Nealey (R-16)
- State Representative Dick Muri (R-28)
- State Representative Matt Manweller (R-13)
- State Representative Chad Magendanz (R-5)
- David Condon, Mayor of Spokane (R)
- Steve Young, Mayor of Kennewick (D)
- Micah Cawley, Mayor of Yakima (R)
- Glenn Hull, Mayor of Fife (D)
- Shelly O'Quinn, Spokane County Commissioner (R)
- Todd Mielke, Spokane County Commissioner (R)
- Nancy McLaughlin, Spokane City Council Member (R)
- Ray Campbell, Okanogan County Commissioner (R)
- Jim DeTro, Okanogan County Commissioner (R)
- Brad Peck, Franklin County Commissioner (R)
- Mark Stedman, Lincoln County Commissioner (R)
- Mark Zorica, Newport City Councilman (R)
- William D. Hyslop, Former US Attorney of Eastern District of Washington
Dan Newhouse Urges NO on 522
Former officials
- Former Governor and US Senator Daniel J. Evans (R)
- Former US Senator Slade Gorton (R)
- Former US Representative George Nethercutt (R)
- Former US Representative Sid Morrison (R)
- Former Secretary of State Sam S. Reed (R)
- Former State Representative Clyde Ballard (R-12)
- Former State Representative John Serben (R-6)
- Former State Senator Brian Murray (R-6)
- Former State Senator Bob Morton, (R-7)
- Former State Senator Jeanine Long, (R-44)
- Mike DeVleming, Former Mayor and City Council Member of Spokane (R)
- Association of Washington Business
- Associated Industries
- Northwest Food Processors Association
- Northwest Grocery Association
- Far West Agribusiness Association
- Greater Pasco Area Chamber of Commerce
- Tri-City Regional Chamber of Commerce
- Washington Association of Neighborhood Stores
- Washington Restaurant Association
- Washington Retail Association
- AgVentures NW, LLC
- Backachers Emu Ranch
- Buchholz Farms LLC
- Darren Young Insurance Agency Inc.
- Ekone Oyster Co.
- Eltopia Irrigation
- Henningsen Cold Storage Co.
- LC Farms, Inc.
- Maizena & Sunburst LLC
- McGregor Company
- Northern Oyster Co.
- Skagit Farmers Supply
- Sno-Valley Farms Inc.
- Webley Farms and Cattle
- American Feed Industry Association
- CR Cherries, Inc.
- Greater Spokane Incorporated
- Mainstream Republicans of Washington
- Northwest Automatic Vending Association
- Schorzman Farms Joint Venture
- SunRay Farms
- See also: A full list of opponents
The arguments presented in opposition of Initiative 522 in the state's official voter guide were constructed by opponents of I-522, including: R. James Cook, Professor Emeritus, WSU; Member, National Academy of Sciences; Dan Newhouse, Former Director, Washington State Department of Agriculture; Mike LaPlant, President, Washington Farm Bureau; Family Farmer, Grant County; Peter Dunbar, M.D., Former President, Washington State Medical Association; Nicole Berg, Family Farmer; National Conservation Leadership Award Winner; Eric Maier, Past President, Washington Association of Wheat Growers. The arguments featured included:[16]
- "I-522 makes no sense: For decades, agricultural biotechnology has helped improve food crops so they resist disease, require fewer pesticides or are more nutritious. Today, 70-80% of grocery products include ingredients from these foods, and they're deemed safe by the FDA and major scientific and medical organizations. Yet I-522 would require thousands of these products to have special, new labels - only for Washington - while giving special exemptions to thousands of others, even when they contain "genetically engineered" (GE) ingredients. I-522 requires fruits, vegetables and grain-based products to be labeled, but exempts meat and dairy products from animals fed GE grains. It mandates special labels and signs in supermarkets, but exempts restaurants from providing information about GE ingredients in their foods. Foods from foreign countries would be exempt if manufacturers simply claim they're exempt. So I-522 wouldn't even give consumers a reliable way of knowing which foods contain GE ingredients."[16]
- "Higher taxpayer costs, more state bureaucracy and lawsuits: I-522 would require the state to monitor labels on thousands of products in thousands of stores - costing taxpayers millions. It would allow trial lawyers to sue farmers, food producers and grocers over the wording on food labels - encouraging shakedown lawsuits. And, studies show I-522's Washington-only labeling requirements would hurt local farmers and increase an average family's food costs by hundreds of dollars per year."[16]
- "Washington scientists, farmers and food producers urge no on 522."[16]
- "Rebuttal of argument for: Existing food labels already give consumers the option to choose foods without GE ingredients by choosing products labeled "certified organic." I-522's complicated, poorly written regulations would put Washington farmers and food producers at a competitive disadvantage, not protect them. I-522 would not protect our export markets or provide consumers with reliable information about our food. But it would increase grocery prices for Washington families and cost taxpayers millions. Vote no on this costly, unnecessary measure."[16]
Other arguments against the measure included:
- On February 18, 2013, the Seattle Times published an editorial written by Thanh Tan saying: "I eat organic or all-natural food as much as possible. I read labels. I buy local. I also choose to believe mainstream, peer-reviewed science — which so far shows genetically engineered (GE or GMO) food is not harmful to our health. Trust me, this is a hard pill for me to swallow. Like so many others, I viewed GMO crops as the unnatural, unregulated creation of a few biotech giants like Monsanto. The narrative was simple: Big Food is the bad guy. Of course, the truth is more nuanced. Hearing and reading a January 2013 speech from former anti-GMO crusader and British environmental activist Mark Lynas has made me question my own personal bias against genetically modified food."[25]
- In an editorial published on February 20, 2013, Tracy Warner, of The Wenatchee World, wrote: "Initiative 522, which is certainly headed to our November ballot, would require all foods containing GMO ingredients wear a special label saying so. This is superficially benign, to be sold as a harmless and good right-to-know measure, but it is far more complex and devious. Essentially the food industry will be ordered to slap warning labels on most processed products sold in Washington, at great expense, so the initiative backers may sell more foods labeled "natural" or something else, foods no more natural and no healthier than any other; to stigmatize the products of science that allows more food to be produced on less land, requiring fewer expenditures and resources and saving wear on the environment, that all credible scientific studies show is perfectly safe."[26]
- According to Heather Hansen, executive director of Washington Friends of Farms and Forests, "We think this is really intended to be a scare tactic, to ultimately scare people away from technology. And it's not providing any meaningful information."[19]
- State Rep. Chad Magendanz said, "I absolutely support warning labels for foods that represent serious health risks for consumers, such as those containing alcohol, tobacco or common ingredients that can trigger severe or life-threatening allergies. However, during our hearing on I-522 this session, I heard no independently verified research showing foods made from genetically modified organisms represents a serious health risk for anyone. In fact, the required label says nothing about what's actually in the food and instead focuses only on how it was produced. I also have serious concerns with how I-522 would be implemented at the state level," he said. "Most labeling requirements are determined at the federal level so that farmers, processors and packaging facilities have just one set of rules to follow for the entire country. By adding burdensome packaging requirements that apply just for our state, we'll drive production costs up, increase exposure to frivolous lawsuits and ultimately drive smaller brands out of our state, and that's not good for the consumer in an economy where everyone is more price sensitive."[23]
Campaign contributions
As of October 30, 2013, opponents of I-522 raised approximately $22 million, setting the record for the most money ever raised - in support or opposition - for a ballot measure in the state of Washington. This record was previously held by supporters of the 2011 I-1183 - a measure that sought to close state liquor stores and allow for state licensing of private retailers - who raised $20.1 million to support the "yes" campaign. I-1183 was approved on November 8, 2011.[27]
Washington's top 5 most expensive ballot measure campaigns:
|Initiative 522 (2013)
|Initiative 1183 (2011)
|Initiative 1107 (2010)
|Referendum 74 (2012)
|Initiative 1183 (2011)
The "No" campaign outraised the "Yes" campaign by $13,578,632 or 261%. The "No" campaign outspent the "Yes" campaign by $11,895,393 or 244%.
$550 was contributed from five state residents to No on 522, the rest was donated by out-of-state firms.[28][29]
The following data was obtained from the Public Disclosure Commission and was current as of October 30, 2013. The following were committees registered in opposition to Initiative 522:[28]
PAC info:
|Amount raised
|Amount spent
|Grocery Manufacturers Association Against I-522
|NO on 522
- Note: GMA had a PAC as of October 2013 due to an impending lawsuit. However, GMA was not "spending" contributions. Rather, GMA gave their received donations to No on 522 as "donations," as they did prior to registering as a PAC. However, the continuation of these "donations" may be illegal, according to AG Ferguson. Therefore, total contributions and spendings are based on No on 522.
Top 5 contributors:
|DuPont Pioneer
|Pepsi Co
|Bayer CropScience
|Nestle USA
Media endorsements
- The Stranger said, "Give consumers a label they might not need (like country of origin or previously frozen), and then let the GMO and processed foods industries defend the health and safety of their products... If GMOs are as safe and beneficial as they say they are, let them run ads selling that message to consumers instead of the anti-522 bullshit they're currently flinging at voters."[30]
- The Inlander publisher and editor, Ted S. McGregor, Jr., wrote, "Americans care about food just as much as all those European nations that have such strict rules; we just don't have a government that looks out for us as much as it should. If we did, measures like I-522 might not be necessary. This is not a vote to ban genetically modified foods; I just want the truth right there on the label so I can decide for myself. I'm voting yes on I-522."[31]
- The Spokesman-Review said, "As is so often the case with initiatives, I-522 is a potentially good idea wrapped in very bad law-making. Labeling is already out there for consumers who want it and for producers who want to sell to them. It's too early to stigmatize a new science like genetic engineering before we understand all its positives and negatives."[32]
- The Yakima Herald-Republic editorialized against Initiative 522 on September 29, 2013. In the editorial, the board wrote, "All in all, the initiative holds the potential to create more problems than it solves — for farmers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers. Food makers and retailers already can use labels to inform consumers if they offer foods free of GMO; if advocates wish to further their cause, they can do so in a market-driven manner, by building demand through publicizing what they offer. In other words, they can build their market organically, and not through a mandate that would result from Initiative 522."[33]
- The Seattle Times called on voters to "be skeptical" of I-522 in an editorial published on February 17, 2013. In the editorial, the board wrote, "People already have the option of buying GMO-free foods from producers who farm organically or who choose to self-label. Organic farms in Washington are responding to the market's demands. Well-meaning consumers say they want more freedom of choice. With I-522, they may end up with less. Just look at European Union countries where producers are using higher-priced ingredients to avoid even the potential stigma of a mandatory GMO label. Consider their experience a cautionary note for Washington voters."[34]
- The Columbian said, "The "public's right to know" can be a powerful and important selling point for an initiative, but Initiative 522 is a clumsy, clunky effort that diminishes the measure's benefits. The statewide initiative should be rejected by voters in the Nov. 5 election."[35]
- The Olympian said, "When the preponderance of scientific evidence clearly points one way or the other on environmental issues, then we can make informed decisions about GMO regulation. In that regard, I-522 is not helpful. It ultimately fails for purporting to be something it is not. The initiative cloaks a larger political agenda by appealing to our "right to know." Many defects plague this initiative, but that's reason enough to vote no on I-522."[36]
- Tri-City Herald said, "Why shouldn't consumers have a right to know what's in the food they eat? That's the sort of simple, direct, emotional appeal that marketers can work with. The arguments against the initiative require a discussion of economics and science... I-522 wouldn't end GMO research but it's a step in the wrong direction, adding costs without bringing benefits. The Herald editorial board recommends voters reject Initiative 522."[37]
- The Longview Daily News said, "To our ears, and to the ears of many others, I-522 seems like more of an effort to scare consumers away from foods containing GMOs than to direct them toward healthier alternatives. After almost two decades, proof has yet to surface that food containing GMOs presents any measurable health risk at all. We think it's illustrative that major proponents of I-522 include the Whole Foods chain of organic grocery stores and producers of organic meats and produce. Larger grocery chains and organizations representing state farmers and food wholesalers have either taken no position or are opposed."[38]
- The News Tribune said, "I-522 is about a contrived GM panic, not innocent truth-in-packaging. Real information isn't a purportedly neutral label attached to vague insinuations of peril. The public deserves the whole truth about biotechnology — and spooky innuendo doesn't tell it."[39]
- The Wenatchee World said, "If the initiative intends to inform consumers, it fails. If it intends to raise rational caution about the use of genetic engineering, it has chosen the wrong medium. Unknown complications, rising expense, heavy regulation, unnecessary fear and stigma, the initiative will bring all that. That is enough to vote no on Initiative 522."[40]
- See also: Polls, 2013 ballot measures
A survey by The Elway Poll conducted September 3-5, 2013, found that 43% would "definitely" vote for the amendment, 23% would "probably" vote for it, 21% would vote against it and 13% were undecided. A total of 406 likely voters were polled with margin of error at +/-5%.[41]
As of October 22, 2013 - exactly two weeks before election day - according to a KING 5 News poll the gap between support and opposition grew smaller, with enough people undecided to swing the vote either way.[42]
|Washington Initiative 522 - Support v. Opposition
|Margin of Error
|Sample Size
|Elway Poll
September 3-5, 2013
|Elway Poll
October 15-17, 2013
|KING 5 News Poll
October 22, 2013
|Note: The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
On September 10, 2013, The Elway Poll put out the following information regarding the two Washington 2013 Initiatives to the Legislature:[43]
On October 21, 2013, the Elway Poll put out a second poll with the following information, this time regarding just I-522.[44]
The following information was also released with the second Elway Poll on October 21, 2013:
Reports and analyses
Washington State Academy of Science
In March 2013, the state legislative committees dealing with health, agriculture, water and natural resources requested that the Academy of Science develop a committee to analyze some issues regarding genetically modified foods. In early October 2013, the committee published their report on GMOs and Initiative 552. The following is a summary of the report's five sections:
- Section 1: Definitions (Background) - The scientific committee determined that a "genetically modified organism" is produced using advanced technological techniques that involve the addition of specific genes from any organism into another or the elimination of any genes in the organism. Over 90% of corn, soybean and cotton in the United States are genetically modified. Potential GMOs that are of market interest in Washington include apples, potatoes and salmon.
- Section 2: Nutrition - Based on international standards, GMOs are nutritionally "substantially equivalent" to their counterparts.
- Section 3: Food Safety - GMOs have effectively found "safe" for consumers given the current state of knowledge and evidence. Nonetheless, continued surveillance of long-term health effects from genetically modified foods is warranted. No long-term, thorough and case-by-case scientific study has yet been conducted.
- Section 4: Policy and Trade - The lack of uniform standards, known as trade harmonization, and the potential for discriminatory policies is likely to affect trade between states and countries. Because of this, increased prices may be externalized to the consumer, but there is difficulty in predicating how much cost.
- Section 5: Regulation and Enforcement - The responsibility of monitoring compliance would accrue to both the public and private firms. Estimates for the cost of monitoring range from a hundred thousand to millions of dollars per year. Such a wide estimate exists due to the lack of "after the fact" economic data.
To read the full report, see here
Just Label It
Kai Robertson, a business sustainability consultant, conducted an independent study and literature review on behalf of Just Label It, a national consumer advocacy organization. Robertson's objectives were to determine whether there was a connection between changes to labels by food processors and food prices.
She found that the major variables affecting food prices were demand-oriented factors, such as consumer demographics, rival pricing behavior, market, chain and store characteristics. Changes to product labels by food processors has been a minor variable in pricing considerations. No studies have documented price fluctuations due to product labels.
To read the full report, see here
Related lawsuits
Washington v. Grocery Manufacturers Association
On October 16, 2013, Attorney General Bob Ferguson (D) initiated a lawsuit on behalf of the Washington Public Disclosure Commission against the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA), an opponent of Initiative 522. GMA, according to Ferguson, must reveal whether or not the organization did a special assessment - asking members to donate for the specific cause - in raising $7.2 million for the No on 522 campaign. If so, they must register as a political committee and disclose donor names. The GMA has refused to say if it did such a special assessment. Ferguson believes that the association is attempting to shield members from scrutiny for opposing the initiative. He said, "This is precisely the conduct our campaign disclosure laws are designed to prevent." He noted that the case could lead to a significant fine.[45][46]
"We are looking into the complaint and the specific allegations it contains. GMA takes great care to understand and comply with all state election and campaign finance laws and is surprised to learn that the Washington State authorities viewed the association's actions as improper."[47]
The lawsuit was filed with the Thurston County Superior Court.[45] However, on Friday, October 18, 2013, GMA agreed to create a separate PAC and disclose the donors and the amounts given by each. GMA issued the following statement:[48]
In the spirit of continuing cooperation and in an effort to provide Washington voters with full transparency about GMA's funding for the "No on 522" campaign, the association has voluntarily decided to establish a Washington state political committee and to file reports with the PDC disclosing the source of all funds used in connection with Washington State elections.
GMA is taking this action to allow the campaign to focus on the important issues related to the I-522 ballot proposal itself, and to put an end to unnecessary distraction and speculation about sources and amounts of funding.
GMA has cooperated fully with the Public Disclosure Commission and the attorney general throughout their investigation, and will continue to engage state authorities in a constructive dialogue in the weeks and months ahead.[48] [11]
After GMA's disclosure of donors, Ferguson said, "We believe this is the largest amount of money that's been concealed of any case we ever brought."[49] He said he will seek penalties against the GMA.[50]
On October 30, the Office of the Attorney General stated, "Since the Attorney General's lawsuit was filed, GMA against I-522 has reported additional contributions totaling more than $3.8 million to No on 522. Under RCW 42.17A.442, a state law, a "political committee may make a contribution to another political committee only when the contributing political committee has received contributions of $10 or more each from at least 10 persons registered to vote in Washington state." Only two days prior did the GMA report 10 donations from 10 registered voters. Nonetheless, "The $3.8 million in contributions from the [GMA] to No on 522 appear to have been collected by the GMA from its members prior to registering the political committee... These subsequent contributions were not reported by the GMA when it submitted its disclosure of contributor members and the value of their contributions on Oct. 18."[51][52]
Thurston County Superior Court will not be setting a trial date until after February 2014.[52]
Path to the ballot
In 2013, a total of 246,372 signatures were needed to place a measure before the Washington Legislature. If the legislature does not enact a measure, it is then sent to the ballot. The deadline for the submission of those signatures to the Washington Secretary of State was January 4, 2013.
In early January 2013, supporters of I-522 stated that they reached their goal of garnering approximately 320,000 signatures - the second highest number of signatures ever collected for an initiative in Washington[53] - in hopes of presenting it to the Washington Legislature. The Washington Secretary of State's office reported that supporters of Initiative 522 had submitted about 19,000 petitions with about 350,000 signatures on January 3, 2013.[54]
On February 1, 2013, the Washington Secretary of State's office reported that enough signatures were obtained to place the measure before legislature. Out of the random sample of 10,762 signatures for I-522, 9,503 were valid and 1,241 were invalid, while there were 18 pairs of duplicate signatures.[55][56]
The 2013 state legislative session ended on April 28, 2013, with no resolution from the legislature, therefore, the measure went before voters in the November 5, 2013 general election.
Signature collection costs
- Signatures to qualify I-522 for the ballot were collected by Peoples Petitions LLC, among other groups.[57]
- The CPRS for I-522 - given that $407,747 was spent on signatures versus a minimum requirement of 246,372 signatures - came to $1.66 per required signature.
- In 2012, the average CPRS in Washington was $4.80.
Similar measures
In 2012, California voters pulled their levers on Proposition 37, a measure that would have led to the requirement of labels on many raw or processed foods offered for sale to consumers if the foods were made from plants or animals with genetic material changed in specified ways. The measure was defeated, 51.4% to 48.6%.
See also
External links
- Yes on 522
- No on 522
- Initiative 522 (text)
- Yes on 522 YouTube account
- No on 522 YouTube account
- 2013 Informed Voter Guide
Additional reading
- KPIU 88.5, "I-522: Looking to the European Union for a Real-Life Example", October 25, 2013
- Seattle Post-Intelligencer, "Pepsi, Coke, Nestle top multi-million-dollar campaign against I-522", October 18, 2013
- Yakima Herald Republic, "Conflicting claims on safety of genetically modified foods", October 13, 2013
- Seattle Globalist, "What Washington should know about GMO's", July 3, 2013
- Tri-City Herald, "Plenty of food for thought before voting on GMO labeling initiative", June 5, 2013
- Seattle Times, "Initiative 522: a test of what you believe about genetically modified foods", March 12, 2013
- Public Radio International, "Washington activists pushing for new labeling requirements for genetically modified foods", February 5, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named
- ↑ Washington Official Voter Guide 2013, "Explanatory Statement," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ Washington Official Voter Guide 2013, "Explanatory Statement," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ Kansas City Business, "Will Washington state break U.S. logjam on labeling GMO food?" October 17, 2013
- ↑ AlJazeera America, "Battle over GMO labeling has natural brands and corporate owners at odds", September 26, 2013
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 USA Today, "Washington state battles over genetically modified food", October 8, 2013
- ↑ NPR, "So What Happens If The Movement To Label GMOs Succeeds?" October 16, 2013
- ↑ March Against Monsanto
- ↑ Seattle Post Intelligencer, "Thousands Expected to March Against Monsanto Saturday in Seattle, Millions Worldwide", October 10, 2013
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Washington Secretary of State, "Proposed Initiatives to the Legislature - 2012", Retrieved February 12, 2013
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributed to the original source.
- ↑ Yes on 522, "Read I-522," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ Washington Official Voter Guide 2013, "Fiscal Impact Statement," accessed October 21, 2013
- ↑ Yes on 522, "Yes on 522: Homepage," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ Seattle City Council, "Resolution Number: 31484", accessed September 26, 2013
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 Washington Secretary of State, "Voters' Guide: 2013 General Election," accessed October 5, 2013
- ↑ The Center for Media and Democracy, "Astroturf Tramples Grassroots in Washington State GMO Labeling Battle", October 28, 2013
- ↑ Grist, "Why GMO labeling won't increase food prices", October 13, 2013
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Krem.com, "Washington voters could decide to label genetically modified food", January 4, 2013
- ↑ Yes on 522, "Frequently Asked Questions," accessed August 30, 2013
- ↑ KUOW, "Washington's GMO Labeling Initiative Fires Up Global Food Industry", October 4, 2013
- ↑ Seattle Post-Intelligencer, "Labor supports Initiative 522, food labeling", October 10, 2013
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 SnoValleyStar.com, "I-522 spurs local opinions about genetically modified food," October 16, 2013
- ↑ Ladybud Journal, "David Bronner On Why Washington State Voters Should Vote YES on I-522", October 28, 2013
- ↑ The Seattle Times, "Initiative 522 perpetuates faulty myths about GMO food" February 18, 2013
- ↑ The Wenatchee World, "Science labeled: I-522 is coming" February 20, 2013
- ↑ The Seattle Times, "'No on 522 breaks fundraising record for Washington initiative campaigns," October 28, 2013
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Public Disclosure Commission, "Cash Contributions for: NO ON 522," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ King5.com', "'No on I-522' has drawn little money from individuals", October 29, 2013
- ↑ The Stranger, "The Stranger's Voters' Guide!", October 16, 2013
- ↑ The Inlander, "Trust on the Ballot," October 10, 2013
- ↑ The Spokesman-Review, "Editorial: I-522 no help to consumers or producers", October 22, 2013
- ↑ The Yakima Herald-Republic, "Initiative 522 creates more problems than it solves," September 29, 2013
- ↑ The Seattle Times, "Editorial: Be skeptical of Initiative 522 on GMO labeling," February 17, 2013
- ↑ The Columbian, "In Our View: Vote No on Initiative 522", October 13, 2013
- ↑ The Olympian, "The Olympian's 2013 Election Endorsements", October 23, 2013
- ↑ Tri-City Herald, "Our Voice: Reject Initiative 522", October 13, 2013
- ↑ The Longview Daily News, "I-522 won't make your food any safer," February 20, 2013
- ↑ The News Tribune, "I-522's labels are anything but neutral information", October 31, 2013
- ↑ The Wenatchee World, "No need for Initiative 522", October 12, 2013
- ↑ Seattlepi.com, "Poll: Big lead for food-labeling initiative," September 10, 2013
- ↑ KING5.com, "Poll: Not clear which way GMO labeling vote will go," October 22, 2013
- ↑ Seattle Met, "Elway Poll: Eyman Initiative, GMO Labeling Measure Hold Big Leads," September 10, 2013
- ↑ Elway Poll, "I-522: Support for food labeling initiative swings negative 41 points since September," October 21, 2013
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 The Olympian, "GMO fight: Attorney General sues to force No on 522 donor to reveal sources of its $7.2 million contribution", October 16, 2013
- ↑ Office of the Attorney General, "State of Washington v. Grocery Manufacturers Association", accessed October 28, 2013
- ↑ KGW, "WA AG sues food industry group over GMO initiative", October 17, 2013
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Seattle PI, "Faced with lawsuit, Grocery Manufacturers Association agrees to disclose campaign finances," October 18, 2013
- ↑ kirotv.com, "VIDEO: DC group accused of illegally influencing 522 vote", October 21, 2013
- ↑ MyNorthwest.com, "Wash. AG to still seek penalty against food group", October 22, 2013
- ↑ Office of the Attorney General, "Status report on AG Lawsuit against Grocery Manufacturers Association," October 30, 2013
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 Seattle Post-Intelligencer, "AG: More violations in No on 522 money", October 30, 2013
- ↑ The Columbian, "Washington's GMO vote will be scrutinized nationally," October 20, 2013
- ↑ [Email confirmation from Kay Ramsay of the Washington Secretary of State]
- ↑ University Place, "Initiative Seeks GMO Food Labels in Washington State", January 4 ,2013
- ↑ From Our Corner, "Washington Secretary of State", February 1, 2013
- ↑ Public Disclosure Commission, "Expenditures for Label it WA," accessed October 1, 2013


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The Frootful Art Ensemble - Staircase Gallery
- Posted by carnaby st
- 7 November 2011
This November, howies Carnaby Street's Staircase Gallery features work from The Frootful Art Ensemble, including work from Millie Marotta (http://www.milliemarotta.co.uk/), Nick Radford (http://www.frootful.co.uk/) and Bobby Evans (http://store.telegramme.co.uk/)
"The Frootful Art Ensemble is the live 6-piece band fronted by Frootful. The live format includes Nick Radford (Frootful) on guitar; Adam Gibbons (Lack of Afro) on alto sax and percussion; Angeline Morrison (The Ambassadors of Sorrow) on vocals; plus double bass, drums and tenor sax / flute. Expect sharp suits, a knockout vocalist, and a swinging soul / jazz / R&B / ska set aimed squarely at the dancefloor."
Drop by the shop to see some lovely prints and Frootful tour posters, available throughout November :) .


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Senior from Lexington, N.C.
Major: Spanish and Biology
Activities: Co-Captain of the Radford University Swimming and Diving Team, National Society of Collegiate Scholars, and Phi Kappa Phi Honors Society, LARC tutor in biology and chemistry, lifeguard at the Dedmon Center.
Valedictorian of her senior class, Jessica Frazelle had specific criteria she was seeking in an undergraduate institution: great academic programs, undergraduate research opportunities, study abroad options, and a Division I swimming program. During a visit to campus, she discovered Radford University was a perfect fit.
"After my official recruiting visit, I remember telling my parents that Radford felt like home, that this was the place where I belong," she said.
An accomplished athlete and co-captain of the Radford University swimming and diving team, Frazelle holds the program's fourth-fastest time in the 100-yard butterfly. While she has made her mark athletically, Frazelle has also made the most of her academic experience.
In 2012, Frazelle was one of the recipients of the Outstanding Student Award – the most prestigious award that can be bestowed upon a Radford University student for excellence in academics and leadership. This award is presented to students who have excelled in promoting the true spirit and ideals of Radford University.
Double majoring in Spanish and biology, Frazelle hopes to attend medical school after graduation. She hopes her fluency in Spanish gives her a competitive advantage as hospitals deal with an increase in the number of Spanish-speaking patients.
"By having a background in Spanish from Radford, I will be able to communicate with my patients and it will help me to become a better physician," she said. "I also hope to travel to Spanish-speaking countries to provide clinical care to people who are not able to receive adequate treatment."
Travel abroad won't be new to Frazelle. In spring 2012, she took advantage of a biology study abroad trip to the Virgin Islands. There she conducted research on the distribution of black spiny sea urchins (Diadema antillarum). Upon her return, she presented her findings at the university's undergraduate research forum. Meanwhile, this summer she will take a study abroad trip to Spain, which will enhance her Spanish-speaking skills.
"I am so excited that Radford offers these types of opportunities and I cannot wait for the experience," she said.


text:
Robin Masheb PhD
Research Scientist in Psychiatry and Assistant Professor of Divinity; Director of Education, Pain, Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities & Education (PRIME) Center; Associate Director, Program for Obesity, Weight and Eating Research (POWER) at Yale
Departments & Organizations
Office of Student ResearchPsychiatry: VA Connecticut Healthcare System; Psychology Section; Program for Obesity, Weight and Eating Research (POWER) at Yale
Research Interests
Pain; obesity; eating disorders; cognitive-behavioral therapy; empirically-supported treatments; health behavior change; body image more...
- B.S., Tufts University, 1988
- Ph.D., St. John's University, 1997
Selected Publications
- Masheb RM, Lutes LD, Kim HM, Holleman RG, Goodrich DE, Janney CA, Kirsh S, Richardson CR, Damschroder LJ. High frequency binge eating predicts weight gain among veterans receiving behavioral weight loss treatments. Obesity, in press. [PubMed – in process]
- 86. Masheb RM, Grilo CM, Rolls BJ. A randomized controlled trial for obesity and binge eating disorder: Low-energy-density dietary counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2011, 49, 821-829. PMCID: PMC3223390
- Masheb RM, White MA. Bulimia nervosa in overweight and normal weight women. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2012, 53, 181-186. PMCID: PMC3154451


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The booties are really warm, and have an internal elastic cord at ankle level, and another one at cuff level, what is great for keeping the heat inside. I wanted an insulated booties to stay at home, and for using them in the tent or refuges at high mountain in winter...and these booties are the perfect ones! The sole is thick enough for avoiding to feel the cold floor and for walking very comfortable.The booties don't include a stuff sack, but I bought the small size of "Sea to Summit Seam Sealed Stuff Sacks" and they fit perfectly!!! I'm more than glad with this buy. Warning: the booties are a bit short, so order a bigger size!
There really warm and comfy but not meant for much more than gettin the mail. Kinda disappointed the fuzzy is only in the top and the sole put there awesome for what they are. durable sole, comfy, little goofy, totally my style. Go for it


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