text:
Ralph A. Rossum
Salvatori Professor of American Constitutionalism
Director, Rose Institute of State and Local Government
Personal Information:
Married to Constance Rossum, three children
Home Address:
(909) 625-3802 (phone)
College Address:
Department of Government
(909) 607-3392 (phone)
(909) 621-8416 (fax)
Ph.D., 1973,
B.A. (Summa Cum Laude), 1968,
Areas of Academic Specialization:
Constitutional Law
Constitutional Interpretation
The American Founding
Criminal Justice and Procedure
The Constitution and Native American Tribes
Academic Experience:
Visiting Scholar, The
University of
Loyola University of Chicago, Associate Dean of the Graduate School, 1981‑1983; Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, 1980‑1983. Tenure granted, 1982.
Administrative Experience:
Director, Rose Institute of State and Local Government, Claremont McKenna College, 2000-present.
The Rose Institute of State and Local Government is one of largest and most publicly-visible research institutes at
Director, Judicial Seminar on the Constitution, Liberty Fund Inc.,
Co-directed from 1988 and directed from 1993 an annual week-long seminar for federal judges on the drafting and ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Responsibilities included recruitment and selection of approximately 15 federal appellate and district court judges for each seminar; selection of discussion leaders (nationally-prominent law professors, historians, and political scientists), readings, and seminar location; overall planning; budget management; coordination of all travel and conference accommodations; chairing all seminar sessions; and program evaluation.
The President is the chief executive officer of the College, exercising executive and administrative direction in the planning, implementation, coordination, and surveillance of all College financial, educational, and operational programs and ensuring adherence to College policies, procedures, and directives.
Vice President and Dean of the Faculty,
The Dean of the Faculty is the chief academic officer of the college and presides in the president's absence. Responsibilities include clarification of the academic mission of the college; new program and curriculum development; program evaluation; administration of the college's appointment, promotion, and tenure process; supervision of the college's study abroad and other off‑campus programs; faculty evaluation and development; supervision of the college's institutional research, registration, and record‑keeping operations; and administrative and budgetary supervision of academic computing and all academic departments. A member of the College's Development Strategy Group, the Dean plays a key role, along with the President, Director of Development, and selected Trustees, in identifying and developing foundation, corporate, and private contacts, connecting donor interests to institutional needs, drafting proposals (especially in the academic area), meeting with present and prospective donors, and assuring that gifts and endowment funds are used in conformity with donor intentions.
Seminar Director, "On the Continued Relevance of the Constitution,"
Conducted a three‑week seminar for 15 federal judges and law professors on the Founding of the Constitution of the
Project Director, "Juvenile Justice Reform," Rose Institute for State and Local Government,
"Juvenile Justice Reform" was a million dollar, two‑year research and legislative training program funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) of the U. S. Department of Justice. Its objectives included the drafting of a model juvenile justice code and the provision of legislative training through a national conference, major workshops, and intensive liaison/training sessions in selected states. Responsibilities as Project Director included overall supervision of all major activities of the project and of the nine professionals assigned to it; service as chairman of the project's national conference and major workshops and of the meetings of the project's advisory board; and contributions to the project's final research products.
Deputy Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS),
BJS is the national repository for statistical information dealing with crime and the response to crime by criminal justice systems at all levels of government. Responsibilities as Deputy Director (a position equal in rank to Deputy Assistant Attorney General) included coordination, review, and approval of all BJS's publications, including monthly Bulletins, Special Reports, and all major annual publications; coordination, review, and approval of the publication of The Report to the Nation on Crime and Justice: The Data; administration of BJS's research solicitation program; oversight of the National Crime Survey Redesign effort; and provision of leadership and expertise in the development, management, implementation, and evaluation of all BJS programs.
Associate Dean,
Responsibilities included new program and curriculum development; program evaluation; budgetary management and general administration of the Graduate School office; service on the Ph.D. Council, the MA/MS Council, and the Graduate Studies Coordinating Board; and administrative and budgetary supervision of Loyola's graduate level interdisciplinary institutes and programs, including the Institute of Industrial Relations, the Institute of Pastoral Studies, the Parmly Hearing Institute, the Doyle Counseling Center and Day School, and the Graduate Program in Oral Biology (School of Dentistry), Urban Studies, and Community and Organizational Development.
Professional Services:
Consulting Editor, Perspectives on Political Science, 1983-present.
Consulting Editor, Current, 1990-present.
Member, Editorial Board, Citizens and Statesmen, 2005-present
Member, Editorial Advisory Board, The Public Interest Law Review, 1988-1995
Research Editor, Benchmark, 1986‑1992. Senior Editor, 1983-1986.
Review Panelist, National Endowment for the Humanities, 1984-present.
Review Panelist, National Institute of Justice, 1985-present.
Review Panelist, Commission on the Bicentennial of the
Manuscript Reviewer, St. Martin's Press, Prentice-Hall,
Editorial Board, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976-1981.
Editor, Public Affairs Forum, 1974-1977.
Public Service:
Member, Council of Scholars, American Academy of Liberal Education, 1994-present, Chairman, 1997-present.
Member, Board of Trustees, American Academy of Liberal Education, 1997-present.
Member, National Board of the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE),
Member, Board of Advisors, American Friends Fund,
Member, Legal Policy Advisory Board,
Member of the Council, Californians in Congress Recognition Program, 1988-1993.
Member, National Institute of Corrections Advisory
Member, Robert Presley Institute of Corrections Research and Training, State of California, 1988-1990.
Member, Board of Trustees, The Episcopal Theological
Major Honors:
Phi Beta Kappa.
Who's Who in
Who's Who in the World, 2007-present
Four-year Ford Foundation Doctoral Fellowship, 1968-1972.
Tozer Foundation Fellowship, 1968.
Pi Gamma Mu Fellowship, 1968.
Available on request.
Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition.
Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment: The Irony of Constitutional Democracy.
American Constitutional Law. Vol. I: The Structure of Government.
American Constitutional Law. Vol. II: The Bill of Rights and Subsequent Amendments.
American Constitutional Law: Cases and Interpretation.
The American Founding: Politics, Statesmanship, and the Constitution.
Reverse Discrimination: The Constitutional Debate.
The Politics of the Criminal Justice System: An Organizational Analysis.
Police, Criminal Justice, and the Community.
Urban Administration: Management, Politics and Change.
Monographs, Articles, and Chapters in Books:
"'Common-Sense Constitutionalism': Why Constitutional Structure Matters for Justice Scalia," in Bradley Watson (ed.), Ourselves and Our Posterity: Essays in Constitutional Originalism.
"Seventeenth Amendment," and "Dual Federalism," in David Tanenhaus (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the
"James McClellan, Benchmark, and the Informed Public," Political Science Reviewer, forthcoming.
"Taking the Constitution Seriously: Akhil Reed Amar's Biography of America's Framing Document," Syracuse Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 2 (2007).
"A Short History of a Big Mistake," The American Interest, Vol. I, No. 4 (Summer 2006).
"Antonin Scalia," in Melvin I. Urofsky (ed.), A Biographical Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court: The Lives and Legal Philosophies of the Justices.
"Entrapment," "Just Compensation," and "Public Use," in Otis H. Stephens, John Scheb, and (eds.), Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties and Rights.
"Article I, Section 3," "Article V," and "Seventeenth Amendment," in Edwin Meese, Matthew Spalding, and David Forte (eds.), The Heritage Guide to the
"Text and Tradition: The Originalist Jurisprudence of Antonin Scalia," in Earl Maltz (ed.), Rehnquist Justice.
"The Textualist Jurisprudence of Antonin Scalia," in Byran-Paul Frost and Jeffrey Sikkenga (eds.), History of American Political Thought.
"Federalism, Constitutional Structure, and the Securing of
"Herbert J. Storing's Constitutionalism," Political Science Reviewer, Vol. 30 (2000).
How Peter F. Drucker's 'Five Most Important Questions' Can Help Improve Faculty Governance," The Department Chair (Summer 2000). Co-author.
"The Irony of Constitutional Democracy: Federalism, the Supreme Court, and the Seventeenth Amendment," San Diego Law Review, Vol. 36, No. 3 (August-September 1999).
"Scalia's Textualist Jurisprudence," Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 28, no. 1 (Winter 1999).
Symposium Editor, "Justice Scalia and A Matter of Interpretation," Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 28, no. 1 (Winter 1999).
"The Supreme Court: Republican Schoolmaster," in John A. Murley and Kenneth Deutsch (eds.), The Influence of Leo Strauss on the Study of the American Regime: An Enduring and Contested Legacy.
"The Twenty-Sixth Amendment," in Roger Newman (ed.), The Constitution and Its Amendments.
"Juvenile Justice Professionals: Opponents of Reform," in Gary L. McDowell and Jinney S. Smith (eds.), Juvenile Delinquency in the
"Applying the Voting Rights Act to Judicial Elections: The Supreme Court's Misconstruction of Section 2 and Misconception of the Judicial Role," in Anthony A. Peacock (ed.), Affirmative Action and Representation: Shaw v.
"Reforming Juvenile Justice and Improving Juvenile Character: The Case for the Justice Model," Pepperdine Law Review, Vol. 23, No. 3 (1996).
"Holding Juveniles Accountable: Reforming
"The Supreme Court and the 1992 Election: The Dog that Did Not Bark," in Roger M. Barrus and John H. Eastby (eds.),
"The Least Dangerous Branch?" in Peter Augustine Lawler and Robert Martin Schaefer (eds.), The American Experiment: Essays on the Theory and Practice of
"Constituting and Preserving the Republic," in Eugene W. Hickok, Gary L. McDowell, and Philip J. Costopoulos (eds.), Our Peculiar Security: The Written Constitution and Limited Government.
An Atlas of
Statistical Profile of
"Civic Virtue and Republican Government: The Prudence of James Wilson's Constitutional Theory," in John A. Murley, William T. Braithwaite, and Robert L. Stone (eds.), Law and Philosophy: The Practice of Theory.
"James Wilson," Leonard W. Levy and Louis Fisher (eds.), Encyclopedia of the American Presidency.
"Prisoners' Rights," Leonard W. Levy. Kenneth L. Karst, and John G. West, Jr. (eds.), Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, Supplement No. 1,
"Self-Incrimination: The Original Intent," in Eugene W. Hickok (ed.), The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding.
"Power and Republicanism: The Creation of the Presidency," in Restoring the Presidency: Reconsidering the Twenty‑Second Amendment.
"Historical Trends, Legislative Developments, and Professional Attitudes: Implications for Legislative Reform of Juvenile Justice," New Designs for Youth Development, Vol. 9, No. 1-3 (1989).
Congressional Control of the Judiciary: The Article III Option.
Juvenile Justice Reform: A Model for the States.
"The Courts and the Judicial Power," in Leonard W. Levy and Dennis J. Mahoney (eds.), The Framing and Ratification of the Constitution.
"The Federalist's Understanding of the Constitution as a Bill of Rights," in Charles R. Kesler (ed.), Saving the Revolution: The Federalist Papers and the American Founding.
"To Render These Rights Secure: James Madison's Understanding of the Relationship of the Constitution to the Bill of Rights," Benchmark, Vol. III, Nos. 1 and 2 (1987).
"Separation of Powers and the Legislative Power," (Symposium issue on the American Founding) Teaching Political Science, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Fall 1986).
"Naturalization," "Denaturalization," "Expatriation," "Deportation," and "James Wilson and the American Constitution," Leonard W. Levy, Kenneth L. Karst, and Dennis J. Mahoney (eds.), Encyclopedia of the American Constitution.
"A Means-Ends Approach to the Study of the Constitution and Constitutional Law," Teaching Political Science, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Fall 1985).
"Plessy, Brown, and the Reverse Discrimination Cases: Consistency and Continuity in Judicial Approach," American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 28, No. 6 (July-August 1985).
"The Problem of Prison Crowding: On the Limits of Prison Capacity and Judicial Capacity," Benchmark, Vol. I, No. 6 (November-December 1984).
"Government and Ethics: The Constitutional Foundation," in Alan Heslop (ed.), Government and Ethics (
"Congress, the Constitution and the Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court: The Letter and Spirit of the Exceptions Clause," William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 24, No. 3 (April 1983). Reprinted in Congressional Record, September 10, 1985.
"ABSCAM: On the Nature of Separation of Powers and Entrapment," in Walter P. Krolikowski, ed., Faith and Justice.
"Weber and the Limits of Judicial Policy-Making," Law and Policy Quarterly, Vol. IV, No. 1 (January 1982).
"The Supreme Court as Republican Schoolmaster: Freedom of Speech, Political Equality, and the Teaching of Political Responsibility," in Gary McDowell, ed., Taking the Constitution Seriously: Essays on the Constitution and Constitutional Law.
"The Courts and the Delivery of Urban Services. The Rise and Fall of Equalization Litigation." The Urban Interest, Vol. 2, No. 1 (1980). Reprinted in Current Municipal Problems, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1980).
"The Entrapment Defense and the Teaching of Political Responsibility: The Supreme Court as Republican Schoolmaster," American Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 6, No. 3 (November 1978). Reprinted in Paul L. Murphy, ed., The Bill of Rights and American Legal History: Criminal Procedure.
"Representation and Republican Government: Contemporary Court Variations on the Founders' Theme," American Journal of Jurisprudence, Vol. 23 (1978). Reprinted in Gary McDowell, ed., Taking the Constitution Seriously: Essays on the Constitution and Constitutional Law.
"The Entrapment Defense and the Supreme Court: On Defining the Limits of Political Responsibility,"
"The Foundations of the
"Ameliorative Racial Preference and the Fourteenth Amendment: Some Constitutional Problems," Journal of Politics, Vol. 38, No. 2 (May 1976).
"James Wilson and the 'Pyramid of Government,'" Political Science Reviewer, Vol. VI (1976).
"Compliance Theory and the Criminal Process: Towards an Understanding of Interface Problems in the Criminal Justice System,"
"New Rights and Old Wrongs: The Supreme Court and the Problem of Retroactivity," Emory Law Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Spring 1974).
"Problems in Municipal Court Administration and the Stress of Supreme Court Decisions: A
"Theodore R. Marmor and The Politics of Medicare," American Politics Quarterly, Vol. 2, No. 3 (July 1974).
"Judicial Administration in
Research in Progress:
American Constitutional Law. Vol. I: The Structure of Government.
American Constitutional Law. Vol. II: The Bill of Rights and Subsequent Amendments.
The Supreme Court and Tribal Gaming:
Book-length manuscript on the jurisprudence of Justice Clarence Thomas.
Papers presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, the Communitarian Summit, the Southwestern Political Science Association, the Western Political Science Association, and the American Statistical Association.
Book Reviews:
Book reviews in the American Political Science Review, the Journal of Politics, Publius, Benchmark, Constitutional Commentary, Perspectives on Politics, The
The Salvatori Center
Claremont McKenna College
850 Columbia Avenue
Claremont, CA 91711
(909) 621-8201
Fax: (909) 621-8416
Email: email@example.com
Campus Location
Kravis Center, Third Floor
888 Columbia Avenue
Claremont, CA 91711


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Sonny Bono: The Sonny and Cher singer-turned-politician, and father of Chaz Bono, died at 62 in 1998 after suffering massive head injuries from skiing into a tree in South Lake Tahoe, California.
Aaliyah: The Are You That Somebody? singer died at 22 in 2001, after the over-loaded twin-engine plane she was flying in crashed while leaving the Bahamas. Eight others died in the crash.
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Natalie Wood: The Rebel Without A Cause actress died in 1981 at 43, after falling overboard on a boat sailing near California's Catalina Island. Officials ruled her death an accidental drowning, adding Wood had drank as many as eight glasses of wine, and was intoxicated when she died.
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Marvin Gaye: The Mercy, Mercy Me singer -- living in his parents house at the time because he was depressed and suicidal -- was fatally shot by his own father in 1984 after an argument over misplaced documents. Gaye's father had reportedly been beaten by the singer prior to the shooting, and received five years of probation after pleading guilty to manslaughter charges.
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Michael Jackson: The King Of Pop died at 50 in his Holmby Hills, California mansion in 2009, and authorities deemed his official cause of death, "acute intoxication of a powerful anesthetic complicated by other sedatives." His live-in doctor, Dr. Conrad Murray, was subsequently charged with involuntary manslaughter in connection with the Thriller singer's death.
Phil Hartman: The witty Canadian comic of Saturday Night Live fame was fatally shot at 49 by his wife Brynn in 1998 at their Encino, California home. She later turned the gun on herself.
Lisa "Left Eye" Lopez: The TLC beauty, known for his such as Waterfalls and No Scrubs, died of head and neck injuries at 30 in 2002, following a single-car accident in La Ceiba, Honduras.
Brandon Lee: The son of karate icon Bruce Lee died at 28 in 1993 in Wilmington, North Carolina after he was accidentally shot on the set of his film, The Crow. According to iMDb, the film footage of Lee's death was destroyed before being developed.
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Selena: The popular Tejano singer, just 23, was fatally shot in 1995 by Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her fan club, after a falling out. Jennifer Lopez's career took off after playing the singer in the 1997 feature film, Selena.
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Jeff Buckley: The second-generation musical talent died at 30 in 1997 in Memphis's Wolf River Harbor, where coroners claim a sober Buckley accidentally drowned. He hit the top of the Billboard charts in March 2008, with his rendition of Leonard Cohen's song, Hallelujah.
Heath Ledger: The Australian actor died in 2008 in his New York apartment after an overdose of prescription drugs, just as his career was hitting its' stride. He'd posthumously win the best supporting actor Oscar for his performance in The Dark Knight at that year's Academy Awards.
Anna Nicole Smith: The Playboy Playmate-turned-reality star fatally overdosed in 2007 in a Florida hotel room at the age of 37, causing a media blitz in the wake of her premature passing. She died less than a year after her son, Daniel Wayne Smith, died of an accidental overdose.
Brittany Murphy: The actress of Clueless and 8-Mile fame died at 32 in her Hollywood Hills home in 2009, from what authorities said was pneumonia, with secondary factors of iron-deficiency anemia and drug intoxication. Her widower, Simon Monjack, died in the same house less than six months later.
David Carradine: The veteran star of classics like Kung Fu and Kill Bill died in 2009 after he was found hung in the closet of his Bangkok, Thailand hotel room, with a rope tied around his neck, wrist and genitalia.
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Michael Hutchence: The INXS singer was found dead at 37 in 1997 in a Sydney, Australia hotel room. While initially deemed a suicide by authorities, his ex Paula Yates (who died three years later from a heroin overdose) claimed the What You Need singer had botched an attempt at auto-erotic asphyxiation, causing his premature death.
Steve Irwin: The beloved Crocodile Hunter died at 44 in 2006 after he was fatally pierced in the chest by a sting ray spine during a snorkeling outing at Australia's Great Barrier Reef. His widow Terri said in her 2007 book Steve And Me that the TV personality had premonitions he'd die before the age of 40.
John Belushi: In 1982, the genius comic mind behind The Blues Brothers and other Saturday Night Live classics was found dead at 33 in his room at Hollywood's Chateau Marmont hotel, after an overdose of cocaine and heroin. A companion named Cathy Smith later served 15 months behind bars for giving him the fatal dose.
Take a look at the celebrities that had odd—and deadly—accidents.

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Silvia Ferretti, DO, LECOM Provost, Senior Vice President and Dean of Academic Affairs, leads the College of Medicine Class of 2012 in the Osteopathic Oath of Commitment.
Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine medical and pharmacy students marked the transition from classroom study to clinical education at the Warner Theater on Saturday, Jan. 10, 2009, as students received their white coats – symbols of trust between doctor and patient, of compassion, and of the purity of a medical professional's purpose.
Approximately 130 students in the School of Pharmacy class of 2011 and 270 students from the College of Osteopathic Medicine's class of 2012 pledged to uphold professionalism and competence in the presence of their families, professors and peers.
The White Coat Ceremony initiates aspiring health care professionals into a commitment to the highest principles related to the practice of medicine and pharmacy. The white coat ceremony marks not only the entrance into medical and pharmacy school, but also matriculation into the health care professions with all of its traditions, accomplishments, rights and profound responsibilities to humankind.
|Elliott Cook, PharmD, BCPS, LECOM School of Pharmacy class of 2006, delivered the keynote address during the pharmacy ceremony.
Elliott Cook, Pharm.D., BCPS, Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice at LECOM and a 2006 LECOM graduate, was the keynote speaker for the pharmacy white coat ceremony. He is a Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist and completed a post-graduate Pharmacy Practice Residency at Hillcrest Hospital, a Cleveland Clinic Hospital. His current practice site is at Millcreek Community Hospital, where he is a clinical pharmacist with an internal medicine service. At the hospital, he supports an antimicrobial monitoring program, offers an Antimicrobial Stewardship Elective through the pharmacy school and is the Residency Coordinator and a preceptor for the LECOM-Millcreek Community Hospital Pharmacy Practice residency.
Dr. Cook is a member of the Scholarship and Awards Committee for LECOM School of Pharmacy, a member of Millcreek Community Hospital's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, and a member of several professional pharmacy organizations both at the local and national level. He currently lectures in the Pharmacotherapeutic and the Clincial Pharmacokinetic Courses at LECOM, School of Pharmacy.
He told the pharmacy students about the importance of the white coat and what it will mean to them as professionals.
"Remember class, this is trust that you are now wearing," he said. "Live up to the trust that you will represent in the pharmacy profession and strive for excellence every day, focus on what is best for your patients, not yourself, and your career and life as a pharmacist will flourish."
John M. Ferretti, D.O., President and CEO of LECOM, headed the list of faculty and staff in attendance. Special guests at the College of Medicine ceremony included Jeffrey Lindenbaum, D.O., President of the Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Association, who spoke at the ceremony; and Carlo DiMarco, D.O., President of the American Osteopathic Association and professor and regional dean of clinical medicine at LECOM. Representatives of the Rite Aid Corporation, including Donna Hazel and Lou Gianotti, Managers of Pharmacy Recruitment, and Dean Hiedt, Pharmacy District Manager, attended the ceremony for the School of Pharmacy.
Janene Rigelsky, Pharm.D., Director of Admissions and Student Services and Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice, read the roll call of pharmacy students. Donald Tuttle, Pharm.D., Dean of the LECOM School of Pharmacy, led the class of 2010 in the Pledge of Professionalism. The Rite Aid Corporation provided the funds for the pharmacy white coats.
|Erica Grazioli, DO, LECOM class of 2002, delivered the keynote address at the college of medicine ceremony.
Erica McQuone Grazioli, D.O., a member of the LECOM Class of 2002, was the keynote speaker for the college of osteopathic medicine ceremony. She is a board certified neurologist practicing with Northshore Neurosciences in Erie. She maintains staff privileges at Hamot Medical Center, Millcreek Community Hospital, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Health South Rehabilitation Center. Following graduation from LECOM, Dr. Grazioli completed an internship at Millcreek Community Hospital and joined the Neurology residency program at Hamot Medical Center, where she served as chief resident. She also served as a Multiple Sclerosis Fellow at the Jacobs Neurological Institute, Buffalo General Hospital and the State University of New York at Buffalo.
Dr. Grazioli currently serves as a faculty member of the Hamot Medical Center Neurology Residency and has served as a neurology lecturer at LECOM since 2003. She has conducted numerous clinical trial experiences and is the first author on several research articles published in the Journal of the Neurological Sciences and Future Neurology.
Silvia M. Ferretti, D.O., Provost, Senior Vice President and Dean of Academic Affairs, led the osteopathic medical students in the Osteopathic Oath of Commitment. The Pennsylvania Osteopathic Medical Association provided the white coats and stethoscopes to all the osteopathic medical students.


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|Dr. Dennis Hart Brings a Broader Approach to Care as All Children's First Physiatrist
In an effort to expand the scope of its rehabilitative services program, All Children's Hospital has welcomed a new doctor whose specialty takes a broader look at the issues confronting children with chronic illnesses or acute injuries and diseases.
Dennis Hart, M.D., joins All Children's as Administrative Director of Developmental & Rehabilitative Services and is the hospital's first physiatrist, a physician expert in the field of treating a patient's full spectrum of needs.
Dr. Hart joined All Children's in September after serving as Medical Director of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine and Medical Director of California Children's Services Clinics. One of only a handful of pediatric physiatrists in Florida, his arrival widens the range of care offered by ACH.
"One of the biggest differences between rehab medicine and some of the more acute care medical fields is that we really take a broad overview of the patient," he says. "So a lot of times, I'm not just treating a patient's physical needs. Kids with cerebral palsy, for instance, have cognitive needs or other developmental issues that I'll address as well. I help them deal with a lot of issues they have dealing with their disabilities, with the schools and out in the community. I do a lot of education with the parents."
That is the role of a physiatrist, also known as a pediatric rehabilitation medicine specialist: a doctor who looks at multiple factors in crafting a treatment plan. In addition to his administrative role, Dr. Hart will devote a day-and-a-half each week to hands-on patient care early in 2014, and will also focus on research and outcomes. And the overall plan is to keep the program growing, adding a second physiatrist to the ranks soon.
"Probably my first priority is going to be adding a partner, because 50 percent of my time is going to be in an administrative role with the therapists," he explains. "We can already tell that there is going to be more than I can do here. One of my priorities with the therapists is to broaden them from just a clinical approach to one that embraces the Hopkins model of research and advocacy. But I have to say that this program is outstanding."
Bill Horton, Senior Vice President of Strategic Business Services, looks forward to the important contribution Dr. Hart will make in shaping the breadth of care offered at ACH.
"Dr. Hart provides All Children's with the long needed resource and knowledge base to guide the future direction of our habilitative and rehabilitative care and align these services more strongly with the medical model," he says. "Additionally, his specialization in pediatric physical medicine will uniquely complement other medical and surgical specialties in the care and management of the chronic, complex patient, facilitating improved outcomes with greater quality at lower costs."
Dr. Hart was immediately drawn to the opportunity at All Children's, in spite of his fulfilling work in northern California. In addition to his job leading the California Children's Services Clinics, he served as Vice-Chairman of the Pediatric Department at Sutter Medical Center in Sacramento, as well as on the medical staff of Shriners Hospital and as a faculty member and medical staffer at the University of California Davis Medical Center. He liked the idea of building a physiatry program from the ground up at ACH.
"That's a large part of it," he says. "They also have a really well-established therapy program. And one of my goals is to help them bring the therapy program into the pediatric medical model so there's a strong connection between the two."
"My role is going to be working with neurosurgeons and sports medicine physicians, as well as a lot of others," he adds, "taking care of those kids after an acute injury or if they have a developmental delay that includes motor issues."
Dr. Hart sees part of his role as enhancing communication between the physicians who evaluate and treat a patient - and the therapists who oversee the rehabilitation.
"Rehab medicine kind of fills that gap," he says. "We work directly with the therapists and we communicate with the therapists about what it is that we do. And we bring the medical portion of it to them."
In addition, Dr. Hart's desire to relocate across the country was rooted in a desire for a new challenge - and the chance to work in a top-tier, freestanding children's hospital.
"Being a children's hospital makes a big difference to me," he says. "Because when you're in a large health system that's primarily adult oriented, you get very frustrated when kids aren't getting what they need."
Dr. Hart didn't know anything about rehab medicine until his third year of medical school. He was doing a surgery rotation at the time. "I was in the ICU, caring for a trauma patient, and the rehab resident was there as well," he recalls. "I started asking him what he did, and it sounded very interesting."
From that point on, he did his rotations in rehab medicine, though his plan was to specialize in adult pain management. But three weeks into a rotation at a Shriners hospital, a nurse who had observed his work gave him some advice. "She said, 'You know, Dr. Hart, you need to do pediatric rehab," he says. "I asked, 'Why is that?' And she goes, 'Well, when you first came here, you weren't very happy. I see how these kids light up your eyes - you need to do this.' "
That was the turning point in his career, putting him on a path that ultimately would lead to All Children's. Dr. Hart is excited about the scope of his new department, which has 170 therapists throughout the main campus and different regional Outpatient Care Centers. "And they are very well run," he adds.
Though he regards the thriving sports medicine program as a separate entity, Dr. Hart will still oversee the therapists. "From my standpoint, I'm there to support them," he says. "For certain diagnoses, I probably will be involved - at least to some extent. I've done a fair amount of mild traumatic brain injury and so I certainly could see those kids in my clinic. But the sports injuries, I'll leave them to the orthopedic surgeons."
Maggie Reilly, ACH's Director of Physical Therapy, is excited about what Dr. Hart brings to the mix.
"We've never had a doctor of rehabilitation medicine in our hospital, and he knows better than anybody the value of looking at the whole child, the whole family," she says. "If you go to an orthopedist, they might look at a joint. If you go to a neurologist, they might look at the brain scan. But the physiatrist looks at the whole child and what their needs are to get more involved in the community, in school or in everyday life.
"We have a strong program," she adds. "but he'll bring us to another level."
In the process, he is focused on one ultimate outcome.
"My goal is to get our patients as highly functioning as we can by the time they're an adult," he says. "Eighty percent of kids with disabilities live into adulthood. We need to make sure they're as highly functioning as they can be so they can be productive members of society."


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An out of control party or tame pub crawl are some of the conflicting stories from cruise ship passengers of what went on before an Olympia man on board disappeared.
Jason Rappe, 42, and his wife Tina set off on a seven-day Eastern Caribbean Cruise on Saturday, Nov. 24. Their ship, the MS Eurodam operated by Holland America, was traveling from St. Thomas in the U.S. Virgin Islands to the Bahamas.
Rappe was reported missing early Thursday around 80 miles northwest of Puerto Rico.
The Coast Guard searched 2,000 miles of the ocean for 36 hours before calling off its search Friday. The ship returned to Fort Lauderdale on Saturday with still no sign of Rappe.
Since then, passengers have been blogging about a pub crawl that the Olympia man reportedly took part in the night before he vanished.
On South Florida s Sun Sentinel website, one passenger writes: It was definitely a frat party or spring break kind of atmosphere with shots being laid out on the bar...as I walked back to my room, it occurred to me that I would not be surprised to learn that someone had fallen overboard or otherwise hurt themselves or someone else. Lo and behold in the middle of the night came the announcement that Mr. Rappe was missing.
Others, including a 65-year-old passenger named Peg, say that wasn t the case. She writes: There were only four drinks served to each participant. Jason and his wife were having fun dancing at two of the stops and were enjoying themselves.
Calls to Holland America about the pub crawl were not returned. In a prior release, the company stated: Our thoughts and prayers are with the guest and his family.
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What went on before Olympia man disappeared from cruise ship?
An out of control party or tame pub crawl are some of the conflicting stories from cruise ship passengers of what went on before an Olympia man on board disappeared.


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The Redhouse Arts Center began when a small group of local artists decided to search for a home. In August of 2001, they found it. Though old and neglected, the three-story brick building had character and potential. It needed major renovations and in September of 2002 a capital campaign was launched to raise the $1.4 million required to transform a former boarding house into a home for the arts. In July 2004, Red House first opened its doors to the public.
We're Moving!!
That's right! We've outgrown our little house on the concrete island and will be moving into the old Sibley's department store building at the heart of downtown. Missed our press conference? Check out the renderings below! Click here to view the presentation shared at the press conference.
What's Happening Now?


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Ice Age: Continental Drift
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Manny the Mammoth and his pals have to go on a high-seas quest aboard a floating iceberg.Ā
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Each mounting loss by the Panthers, including Sunday's 36-14 setback to
Despite a promising start against
"That was an embarrassing loss,"
"I can't keep saying that and not holding up to it," he said, "but there are brighter days (ahead) for the Carolina Panthers."
The days are going to continue to be dim as long as the offense is mired in inconsistency and breakdowns.
His 4-yard touchdown pass to Greg Olsen put the Panthers on top 7-0 at the 6:46 mark of the first quarter. He found Olsen on a 5-yard scoring strike with 5:09 left in the game.
The running game produced 52 yards and was such a non-factor that the Broncos were able to tee off on the pass rush, especially after grabbing the lead.
Olsen didn't have an explanation for the long gap between the Panthers' touchdowns.
"I don't know. We had a couple of mistakes and a couple of protection mistakes," he said. "You can't have those mistakes, and we seemed to have a lot of them."
The game featured the return of former
The four-time NFL Most Valuable Player riddled the
Many of Manning's completions were 12- to 15-yarders in the flats as the Panthers' cornerbacks gave receivers a big cushion. Manning was 15 of 16 (one was dropped) at one point in the first half when the Broncos built a 17-7 lead. His 10-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Stokley tied the game at 7-7.
"You want to give credit to Peyton and all of them offensive line guys,"
The Broncos grabbed the lead for good at 14-7 on Trindon Holliday's 76-yard punt return for a touchdown. They got field goals of 53 and 27 yards from Matt Prater and a 5-yard scoring run from Ronnie Hillman. The other scores came on a safety and Tony Carter's 40-yard interception return for a touchdown.
"Sometimes the media will divide a team into three different teams: Broncos' offense, Broncos' defense, Broncos' special teams and write about them as if they are separate teams, but it's actually the same team," Manning said. "So the Broncos scored those touchdowns. I'm in favor of anytime anybody on the team wants to score. I'm for it."
"We can't give up points on special teams. When you do that you hurt your opportunity to win football games and that's exactly what happened," Rivera said. "We get the interception for a touchdown in the third quarter which really offset us."
Gross said: "You want those guys to believe in the offense and right now we're not doing well enough."


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Khat Center - Lakeland, FL
WebMD Physician Directory
Lakeland, Florida
What is Khat and what are the street names for Khat?
Street terms for Khat: (pronounced Cot) Abyssinian tea, African salad, oat, kat, chat, and catha. Also referred to as qat in Yemen, tschat in Ethiopia, and miraa in Kenya.
Other Related Khat Articles
Emergency Contact for Lakeland
Nearby Lakeland Hospitals *
Lakeland Regional Medical Ctr
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Shriners Hospital For Children
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*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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I'm in the process of moving the whole site to another platform which is going to take some time, please keep chekcing backs for updates....
This site is dedicated to Uncle Bill, one of life's great observers.
His humour and stories of his life working in the local SWEB (South Wales Electricity Board) depot in Pontardulais probably warped the early years of my cousins and I, and probably goes a long way to explain our current mental state.
For Unlimited Usenet Access, I find these people the best News Demon


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Difference between revisions of "Oklahoma House of Representatives"
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In 2010, the House was [[Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions| in session]] from February 1 to May 28.<ref>[http://www.ncsl.org/?tabid=18630 2010 session dates for Oklahoma legislature]</ref>
In 2010, the House was [[Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions| in session]] from February 1 to May 28.<ref>[http://www.ncsl.org/?tabid=18630 2010 session dates for Oklahoma legislature]</ref>
{{Transparency card|State=Oklahoma|Grade=D}}
{{Transparency card|State=Oklahoma|Grade=D}}
Revision as of 21:00, 8 July 2013
|Oklahoma House of Representatives
|General Information
|Lower house
|Term limits:
| 12 year cumulative total,
in either or both chambers
|2015 session start:
|February 4, 2013
|Official House Page
|House Speaker:
|T.W. Shannon, (R)
|Majority Leader:
|Pam Peterson, (R)
|Minority Leader:
|Scott Inman, (D)
| Democratic Party (28)
Republican Party (71)
|Length of term:
|2 years
|Art V, Oklahoma Constitution
|$38,400/year + per diem
|Last Election:
|November 6, 2012 (101 seats)
|Next election:
|November 4, 2014 (101 seats)
|Legislature draws boundaries first
- 1 Sessions
- 2 Ethics and transparency
- 3 Elections
- 4 Redistricting
- 5 Partisan composition
- 6 Representatives
- 7 Standing committees
- 8 History
- 9 External links
- 10 References
In Oklahoma, representatives serve two-year terms with a limit of a combined total of twelve years served in the Senate and House of Representatives.
As of May 2015, Oklahoma is one of 23 Republican state government trifectas.
Article V of the Oklahoma Constitution establishes when the Oklahoma State Legislature, of which the House of Representatives is a part, is to be in session. Section 26 of Article V states that the Legislature is to meet in regular session on the first Monday in February of each year, and it is to adjourn its regular session by the last Friday in May of each year. Additionally, Section 26 also states that the Legislature is to meet for organizational purposes on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in January of each odd-numbered year.
Section 27 of Article V contains the rules for convening special sessions of the Legislature. Section 27 allows a special session to be called by the Governor of Oklahoma or by a written call signed by two-thirds of the members of both legislative houses.
- See also: Dates of 2013 state legislative sessions
In 2013, the Legislature was in session from February 4 through May 31.
Major issues
Major issues in the 2013 legislative session included changes to the state pension system and workers compensation funds, tax cuts, and increased funding for education.[3]
- See also: Dates of 2012 state legislative sessions
In 2012, the House was in session from February 6 through May 25.
- See also: Dates of 2011 state legislative sessions
In 2011, the House was in session from February 7 through May 27. [4]
- See also: Dates of 2010 state legislative sessions
In 2010, the House was in session from February 1 to May 28.[5]
Ethics and transparency
The Sunlight Foundation released an "Open Legislative Data Report Card" in March 2013. Oklahoma was given a grade of D in the report. The report card evaluated how adequate, complete and accessible legislative data was to the general public. A total of 10 states received an A: Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Kansas, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia and Washington.[6]
Elections for the office of Oklahoma House of Representatives were held in Oklahoma on November 6, 2012. All 101 seats were up for election.
The signature filing deadline for candidates in these elections is June 6, 2012.
Oklahoma state representatives are subject to term limits, and may not serve more than 12 years between both chambers of the state legislature. In 2012, 6 state representatives were termed-out of office.
The following table details the 10 districts with the smallest margin of victory in the November 6 general election.
|2012 Margin of Victory, Oklahoma House of Representatives
|Margin of Victory
|Total Votes
|Top Opponent
|District 45
|Aaron Stiles
|Paula Roberts
|District 56
|David L Perryman
|Chuck Utsler
|District 22
|Charles A McCall
|Doris Anne Row
|District 71
|Katie Henke
|Dan Arthrell
|District 2
|John R. Bennett
|Rick Agent
|District 12
|Wade Rousselot
|David Tackett
|District 14
|Arthur Hulbert
|Jerry Rains
|District 87
|Jason Nelson
|Nick Singer
|District 32
|Jason Smalley
|Keith Kinnamon
|District 23
|Terry O'Donnell
|Shawna Keller
Elections for the office of Oklahoma's House of Representatives were held in Oklahoma on November 2, 2010.
The signature-filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in these elections was June 9, 2010. The primary election day was July 27, 2010.
The partisan breakdown of the senate before and after the election is as follows:
|Oklahoma House of Representatives
|As of November 1, 2010
|After the 2010 Election
|Democratic Party
|Republican Party
In 2010, the candidates for state house raised a total of $8,005,830 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were: [7]
|2010 Donors, Oklahoma House of Representatives
|Chickasaw Nation
|Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
|Dank, David
|Cherokee Nation
|Pruett, Raymond (RC) C
|Chesapeake Energy
|Oklahoma Public Employees Association
|Oklahoma Society of Anesthesiologists
|Oklahoma Association of Realtors
|Oklahoma Association of Optometric Physicians
Article 5, Section 17 of the Oklahoma Constitution states: Members of the Senate shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and members of the House of Representatives twenty-one years of age at the time of their election. They shall be qualified electors in their respective counties or districts and shall reside in their respective counties or districts during their term of office.
| How Vacancies are filled in State Legislatures
If there is a vacancy in the House, the Governor must call for a special election no later than 30 days after the vacancy happened. No special election can be called if the vacancy happens after March 1st during the year the seat is set to expire[8].
The person who wins the special election serves for the remainder of the unexpired term[9].
- See also: Redistricting in Oklahoma
In Oklahoma, the state legislature is in charge of redistricting. If the state legislature fails to agree on a map by its deadline, then redistricting becomes the responsibility of the Oklahoma Reapportionment Commission. Although the legislature is given latitude, Oklahoma laws regarding redistricting require that the cores of existing districts are maintained, other political subdivisions remain intact, 'communities of interest' should be respected and combined, and the state must explicitly comply with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act protecting the representation of minority populations.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Oklahoma's population increased from 3.45 million to 3.75 million between 2000 and 2010.[10] The population was densest around Oklahoma City and Tulsa. Growth rates were highest in the suburban and exurban areas surrounding these cities, while rural Oklahoma counties grew slowly or lost population. Of Oklahoma's 77 counties, 23 registered a drop in population between 2000 and 2010.[11] The state's overall growth rate was 8.7 percent, which was below the national average of 9.7 percent, but not low enough to cost the state a Congressional seat, as occurred as a result of the 2000 Census.[12]
Oklahoma officials received detailed Oklahoma results from the Census in February. The legislature formed steering committees in each chamber to draft the maps before the May 27, 2011 deadline. The House of Representatives completed its work relatively quickly, producing a map that avoided putting any incumbents in a district together by early May.[13] Discussions in the Senate were more heated and partisan, and the Senate did not produce a map in mid-May.[14][15][16] The House map was passed overwhelmingly in its initial vote, while the Senate encountered minority opposition. However, opposition eased on the second round of votes, and the Governor Mary Fallin signed the bills into law seven days before the deadline.[17][18]
Partisan composition
- See also: Partisan composition of state houses
|As of May 2015
|Democratic Party
|Republican Party
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Oklahoma State House of Representatives from 1992-2013.
The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the body. Duties of the Speaker include preserving order and decorum, referring proposed legislation to committee, and signing bills, resolutions, and papers.[19][20][21]
Current leadership
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
As of 2013, members of the Oklahoma Legislature are paid $38,400/year during legislative sessions. Legislators receive $147/day per diem tied to the federal rate.[22]
When sworn in
Oklahoma legislators assume office November 17th.
Current members
Standing committees
The Oklahoma House has the following 22 standing committees:
- Administrative Rules, Government Oversight and Repealer
- Agriculture and Wildlife
- Appropriations and Budget
- Calendar
- Common Education
- Economic Development and Financial Services
- Energy and Aerospace
- General Government
- Government Modernization
- Higher Education and Career Tech
- Human Services
- Insurance
- Judiciary
- Long-Term Care and Senior Services
- Public Health
- Public Safety
- Rules
- States' Rights
- Tourism and International Relations
- Transportation
- Utility and Environmental Regulation
- Veterans and Military Affairs
Partisan balance 1992-2013
From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Oklahoma State House of Representatives for the first 13 years while the Republicans were the majority for the last nine years. Oklahoma was under Republican trifectas for the final three years of the study.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states have divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Oklahoma, the Oklahoma State Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1992-2013.
External links
- Official website of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
- Official list of the current members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
- Oklahoma House of Representatives on Wikipedia
- ↑ Population in 2010 of the American states
- ↑ Population in 2000 of the American states
- ↑ Muskogee Phoenix, "State House Republicans unveil 2013 legislative agenda," February 1, 2013
- ↑ 2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar, NCSL
- ↑ 2010 session dates for Oklahoma legislature
- ↑ Sunlight Foundation, "Ten Principles for Opening Up Government Information," accessed June 16, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money: "Oklahoma House 2010 Campaign Contributions"
- ↑ Justia "Oklahoma Statutes"(Referenced Statute 26-12-106(A), Oklahoma Statutes)
- ↑ Justia "Oklahoma Statutes"(Referenced Statute 26-12-105, Oklahoma Statutes)
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Oklahoma Profile," 2011
- ↑ USA Today, "Oklahoma City, suburbs see 'significant growth'," February 18, 2011
- ↑ The Express-Star, "State's congressional representation to stay the same," March 7, 2011
- ↑ Tulsa Today, "Not Kumbaya, but close: House reapportionment headed to a peaceful end", May 10, 2011
- ↑ Tulsa World, "Redistricting draws criticism: One senator says lawmakers shouldn't be involved in the process", April 24, 2011
- ↑ News-Star "House redistricting moves forward, Senate plan stalls," May 10, 2011
- ↑ NewsOK, "State Senate releases maps for proposed districts", May 12, 2011
- ↑ Real Clear Politics "Fallin signs House, Senate redistricting bills," May 20, 2011
- ↑ The Oklahoman, "Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin signs redistricting bills", May 21, 2011
- ↑ Rules of the Oklahoma House of Representatives - Duties and Rights of the Speaker
- ↑ Oklahoma House Majority Leadership
- ↑ Oklahoma House Minority Leadership
- ↑ NCSL.org, "2012 State Legislator Compensation and Per Diem Table," accessed March 18, 2013
State of Oklahoma
Oklahoma City (capital)
|Ballot Measures
List of Oklahoma ballot measures | Local measures | School bond issues | Ballot measure laws | Initiative laws | History of I&R | Campaign Finance Requirements | Recall process |
Oklahoma State Constitution | House of Representatives | Senate | Ethics Commission |
|State executive officers
Governor | Lieutenant Governor | Attorney General | Secretary of State | Treasurer | State Auditor and Inspector | Superintendent of Public Instruction | Commissioner of Insurance | Commissioner of Agriculture | Director of Wildlife Conservation | Commissioner of Labor | Commissioner of Corporations |
|School boards
Oklahoma State Department of Education | Oklahoma school districts |
Oklahoma Supreme Court | Court of Criminal Appeals | Court of Civil Appeals | District Courts | Workers' Compensation | Judicial selection in Oklahoma |
|Transparency Topics
Open Records Act | Transparency Checklist | State budget | Open records procedures | Transparency advocates | State budget | Taxpayer-funded lobbying associations |
List of Counties |
List of Cities |
List of School Districts |


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Custom pieces
Designer For A Day
Kendra's Style Team August 1, 2011
Every so often Kendra Scott donates what we like to call a "Designer For a Day" experience to various schools within the Austin community. This experience gives the winning student an opportunity to visit our design studio to see where all the magic happens! The student, accompanied by their parent, […]Keep Reading
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Racial and Social Justice
God loves justice and shows special concern for the poor and vulnerable. Recognizing the image of God in all people, we seek to increase opportunities for all people to access the resources they need to live in sufficiency and dignity, rather than scarcity and oppression. Sin and injustice cripple the image of God in human beings; salvation and justice restore it.
The following topics are included in Sojourners' work on Racial and Social Justice:


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Announced in June 2011 at the same time as the Panasonic Lumix DMC GF3, this lens is the equivalent of a 50mm for a 24 x 36mm frame.
This lens is a rather high-end lens that is intended for those who want to work without using flash even in low-light conditions.
Further, the reduced depth of field inherent to its wide aperture will allow users to isolate their subjects, making this a lens that appears to be ideal for still life and portraits — at least on paper. But it's important to verify the following points relevant to those particular use cases:
For the moment, DxOMark measurements for the Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm f/1.4 are available for the following cameras:
Measurements for other cameras, such as the Olympus PEN EP3, the Olympus PEN EPM1, and the Panasonic Lumix DMC G3 and GF3 will be available soon.
With a DxOMark score of 20 on both the Panasonic GH2 and the PEN EPL2, the Leica 25mm f/1.4 achieves very good results, very close to those of the other high-end micro 4/3 lenses reviewed recently.
As with the M. Zuiko Digital ED 12mm f/2.0 and the M. Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.8, the sharpness for this lens is what it should be on the GH2 and even on the lower-resolution PEN EPL2. So we expect that its results on an Olympus OM-D EM5 will be similar as well.
|Strong points
|Weak points
|Optimal use from f/1.4 to f/4
|Visible distortion
|Very good sharpness, uniform starting at f/2.8
|A maximum loss of brightness of 1.2EV in the corners at f/1.4 (but the flaw disappears starting at f/2.8).
|A bright lens
|Chromatic aberrations visible in the corners
|Very good quality-to-price ratio
|Light-weight lens
Here we compare the two lenses on a Panasonic GX1. The uses are different, of course: on the one hand, you have a wide-angle, and on the other, you have a more general-use lens. But still, these 4/3 prime lenses have a lot in common:
As for the housing finish, we prefer the Zuiko. The Leica is mostly plastic (except for the metal mount).
The verdict is in and cannot be appealed: the 12-point difference in DxOMark score in favor of the Leica 25mm puts it clearly ahead of the Nikon 10mm.
As with our review of the Olympus M. Zuiko Digital ED 12mm f/2.0, we regret the lack of lens available on a Nikon 1.
The advantages of the Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm f/1.4:
The advantages of the Nikon 1 NIKKOR 10mm f/2.8:
Our measurements of the Panasonic-Leica lens confirm that micro 4/3 lenses are quality optics, with results at least as good as those for entry-level APS-Cs. Still, pay attention to the autofocus speed — the weak point of hybrid cameras (but a priori showing some improvement with the latest Panasonic and Olympus models).
For this lens in particular, the price seems a bit high, so don't hesitate to take a look at the latest Olympus prime lenses in the same price range (the Olympus M. Zuiko Digital ED 12mm f2.0 and the M. Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f1.8). They have the same optical performance, but a better housing finish. This said, if you want the equivalent of a 50mm lens on your micro 4/3, the Leica is the lens for you — at least for the moment.


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Find Your Closest Fitness Exercise Equipment Store
Find your closest Summit Fitness Equipment store using the locations below, we also deliver Australia wide.
About Our Fitness Exercise Equipment Stores
Great products, great service at a great price. That's our promise at all Summit Fitness Equipment stores. We have taken the biggest brands internationally and put them under one group of Fitness Exercise Equipment Stores to offer the biggest range of fitness equipment and exercise equipment in Australia.
That means you have more treadmills, exercise bikes, ellipticals, home gyms, rowers & weights to choose from and you can be sure that we have the best piece of fitness equipment to suit you. From a basic walking treadmill, treadmills that will automatically adjust to your heart rate, treadmills that you can plug your MP3 player into, treadmills with great shock absorption, at Summit Fitness Equipment stores and outlets we have it all.
The Success of Summit Fitness's products in both the institutional and consumer markets is largely attributable to a team of loyal staff at all our Fitness Exercise Equipment Stores dedicated to making improvements of the quality of our equipment and meeting demands of our clients. Summit Fitness stores will offer you a service unparalleled by any other fitness equipment store provider.
At Summit Fitness Equipment and exercise equipment stores we try and hold stock of every treadmill, exercise bike, home gyms, rowers that we sell in our shops. That ensures you can come in purchase the product and take it straight away or have it delivered and installed within the week.
So, whether you are looking for a treadmill or some weight plates you can be sure to get the best service from the team at Summit Fitness Equipment stores.
Fitness Exercise Equipment Stores After Sales Service
At Summit Fitness, we are trying to build a service orientated company. Once a customer has purchased from Summit Fitness, they will not shop elsewhere for another piece of fitness equipment. One of our main referral sources is word of mouth and repeat customers currently counting for 20% off all sales.
You have the option of being a Summit Fitness member, from which you will receive a quarterly newsletter with all the latest in fitness news and fitness equipment. We want to have constant feedback with all of our customers to see how they are going and to help them with what ever their needs be, whether it be motivation related or time related we can help you.
Summit Fitness has a team of very highly qualified and enthusiastic technicians to ensure that your product is assembled correctly, used correctly and maintained correctly. In the event of something going wrong with the machine, we offer very prompt after sales service. We believe it is the best in the industry and we stand by that.
Huge Fitness Exercise Equipment Store Range
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We stock the latest treadmills, elliptical cross trainers, exercise bikes, rowing machines, weight benches, and home gyms, along with dumbbells, weights and other exercise equipment, gym equipment, fitness equipment, exercise equipment, home gym, power rack,
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Summit Fitness and exercise equipment stores focus on fitness equipment and gym equipment, bodybuilding supplements, weight loss supplements and providing you with professional fitness advice from our team of very highly qualified and enthusiastic technicians to ensure that your product is assembled correctly, used correctly and maintained correctly. We stock only the best quality fitness equipment and gym accessories at the best possible price. We are 100% Australian owned and operated and are committed to getting you fitter and in a healthier lifestyle no matter what fitness equipment you use, eg treadmills, crosstrainers, exercise bikes, rowing machines, exercise benches or home gyms. You are welcome to browse our online store or visit us in person. We have stores located all in Australia.
Trust Your Local Exercise Equipment Store
Summit Fitness is trusted dealer of quality fitness equipment and gym equipment, we have been operating in Australia for many years. With multiple retail outlets in both across Sydney, we stock most of the leading brands in home gym equipment and commercial gym equipment. We have a wide range of payment and finance plans including interest free options.
When you buy from Summit Fitness stores you can be sure you are receiving genuine products with the professional after sales service. One of our main referral sources is word of mouth and repeat customers currently counting for 20% off all sales. We want to have constant feedback with all of our customers to see how they are going and to help them with what ever their needs be, whether it be motivation related or time related we can help you. You can safely order online or over the phone and have any products delivered quickly to your door, so you can get fit or lose weight sooner.
Find the largest range of leading brand fitness equipment & gym equipment delivered Australia wide. buy treadmills, cross trainers, rowing machines, exercise bikes and commercial gym equipment or commercial fitness equipment.
We deliver and can service or setup exercise fitness equipment such as
- Treadmills Fitness Exercise Equipment
- Second Hand / Floor Stock Fitness Exercise Equipment
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text:
My relationship to military service:
|3043 votes / 11%
|530 votes / 1%
|1991 votes / 7%
|174 votes / 0%
|16322 votes / 59%
|5585 votes / 20%
[ Voting Booth | Other Polls | Back Home ]
- Don't complain about lack of options. You've got to pick a few when you do multiple choice. Those are the breaks.
- Feel free to suggest poll ideas if you're feeling creative. I'd strongly suggest reading the past polls first.
- This whole thing is wildly inaccurate. Rounding errors, ballot stuffers, dynamic IPs, firewalls. If you're using these numbers to do anything important, you're insane.
My relationship to military service:
Missing option (Score:5, Interesting)by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @01:35PM (#41981809)
Where is the option: I have been bombed by the US military? How about twice?
uhmm, Wherefore art thou, Cowboy Neil? (Score:5, Interesting)by girlinatrainingbra (2738457) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @01:52PM (#41982053)missing options:
( ) -- Halliburton / KBR / Blackwater contractor
( ) -- Conscientious objector
( ) -- I'm still hiding out in Canada!
( ) -- Deferral for college, wink-wink
( ) -- I'm a holder of political office, and I got my son into the National Guard, he didn't have to show up, and then he became president.
( ) -- Sir, Cowboy Neil is my drill instructor, Sir!
Waning Conscription (Score:5, Interesting)
Some decades back the "past non-US military" option would have been a lot larger in a poll like this. But since then most European countries have phased out conscription, meaning it's no longer the norm for men.
Interestingly some have said this reduced gun crime in the past: when someone teaches you at the start of adulthood that guns kill and then teaches you how to kill only when ordered to kill you're less likely to use guns for your own purposes. I don't really believe it but it's an interesting viewpoint.
Another interesting thing is that a generation back you could probably have given an AK-47 to a random European male and there would have been a greater than 50% chance that he could use it. And by use I mean not just firing, but more like a rudimentary load-set to single fire-take aim-fire routine. Would it ever have repelled the Soviet Union? Probably not, but on the other hand tens of millions of riflemen can in principle do anything. It's good we never had to find out.
Yet Another Missing Option (Score:4, Interesting)by darnkitten (1533263) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @02:01PM (#41982183)Military family - grew up on and around bases, Father retired enlisted, majority of siblings served in one way or another. Me, they didn't need.
Re:Waning Conscription (Score:5, Interesting)
Yeah, I managed to avoid conscription when I was 18 by simply acting sufficiently disinterested. Apparently there is a point at which even the (Swedish) army just sort of gives up on any hopes of turning you into a soldier.
Mostly I just didn't see the point in wasting a whole year running around in the woods when I could go straight to college.
Re:Missing option (Score:4, Interesting)by Bob the Super Hamste (1152367) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @02:37PM (#41982659) HomepageIt is possible.This guy did [wikipedia.org] and for bonus points he managed to survive both the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings.
Re:Missing option (Score:2, Interesting)by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @03:18PM (#41983177)
That about sums up the US government's attitude towards "collateral damage" (voluntary manslaughter to those who accept reality), and underscores the reason why the US government "allows" it to happen (makes it happen to those who accept reality). Most of you probably aren't aware that the US government actually has a quota on civilian deaths -- if the number is less than 30 (if I remember correctly), they don't even need to call their superiors to "sign off" on it. If the number is greater than 30, they call the boss and the boss decides whether "it's worth it" to continue (to the US government obviously, not the victims) -- if the PR risk is low enough, they simply continue.
Why is it that whenever NATO does something wrong it is only the US that is blamed..whether they had a presence or not.
1) NATO is mainly made up of US military (correct me if wrong but the impression is that the States have a bigger military than other country's - so by percentages, most soldiers/sailors/airmen tend to be US service personnel
2) Where the US military go, the US media follow - and the world sees it.
3) The US is not a signatory to an international treaty that requires military incidents where people other than a legitimate target (my phrasing) to be tried by an international judge/jury in The Hague, Holland.
I was going to add that the US military is seen as being a little 'free and easy' with bombs, etc. I was in Italy when a NZ observer (and others) was killed by a US aircraft dropping bombs ahead of the target, When I mentioned that to my Italian workmates, they mentioned that a few years back, an F14 pilot had bailed out of his aircraft while being close to a ski-run in the north of Italy. The pilot was ok. The F14 sliced through a cable-car cable on the way to the earth and about a dozen people died from the fall.
The rest of the world also gets coverage of all the college rampages, workplace shootings, etc that the US have. Our impression - rightly or wrongly - is that the US is a little over-relaxed about guns.
Re:got better things to do (Score:5, Interesting)by DaChesserCat (594136) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @07:01PM (#41985881) JournalYou have to be careful which one you sign up with.
I spent 4 years in Uncle Sam's Air Farce. I lived in a dormitory, not a tent. I slept on a bed, not on a cot. I handled an M-16 a whopping total of 4 days of those 4 years. I spent those 4 years working on fighter jets (F-16, to be more specific) and was able to pass the exams for an FAA Airframe Mechanic's License when I got out.
I used my VA benefits to pay for expenses while I finished off a B.S. CompSci, after I got out.
Finished college over a decade ago. Making plenty more than I would've if I'd stayed in, or had never finished college.
If I'd joined the Army, I would've spent more time in a tent, more time on a cot, more time eating really lousy food. Just because I served my country doesn't mean I felt the need to do it the hard way.
Re:Waning Conscription (Score:2, Interesting)by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @09:55PM (#41987497)
You're absolutely right. Mandatory service was a reality for many of us. Heck, I remember the air siren testing in case the Soviets decided to invade. interesting times.
I actually ended up serving in two branches for two different nations, neither one US and both NATO members. Technically I would also been able to serve for a third country since I was born there (but did not receive citizenship), which was also a NATO member.
In the country of my parent's birth, I had to do my mandatory service. Since I was accepted for University they reduced my term to weeks from several months. We then emigrated shortly after. My older brother had to serve for a lot longer than me.
In my current country, I joined the reserve in order to help with tuition. Armed forces are completely voluntary.
I have dual-citizenship in both.
When I worked briefly in the country of my birth a few years back, I actually ended up working with the military in converting a few systems purchased from my employer.
Re:A small percentage are veterans (Score:4, Interesting)Not sure I follow the logic of your argument that veterans make better legislators.
Re:Missing option (Score:2, Interesting)by Jane Q. Public (1010737) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @10:56PM (#41987981)
"The rest of the world also gets coverage of all the college rampages, workplace shootings, etc that the US have. Our impression - rightly or wrongly - is that the US is a little over-relaxed about guns."
I don't know where you are from, but I have studied the subject. One of the reasons the U.S. is perceived to have such a high crime rate is that in most other countries crimes are reported differently.
In England, for example (and maybe all GB, I don't know) a death by gunfire is not labeled as a "homicide" unless someone is tried and convicted for the murder. Here, it is listed as a "homicide" regardless of whether the shooter is caught. And given the conviction rate for major crimes, that alone could affect the "homicide rate" as much as maybe 50%.
So even the "official" numbers can be very misleading.
Another difference is that unlike some other countries, we splash our dirty laundry all over the front page.
A third difference is our ridiculous drug laws. The vast majority of shootings in this country are between rival criminals, and the vast majority of those are drug-related. It isn't everyday citizens shooting their neighbors. It's one drug dealer ripping off another.
Further, there is no -- read: none, not a whit, not one iota -- of statistical evidence that gun ownership in the U.S. has any effect on the crime, or even homicide, rate. On the contrary: exactly the opposite is true. It may not be obvious, but the crime rate in the U.S. has been dropping significantly and steadily for 30 years now. During that entire time, per-capita gun ownership has gone steadily UP. And so have concealed carry permits.
I Consulted With The Military (Score:5, Interesting)by Jane Q. Public (1010737) on Wednesday November 14, 2012 @11:07PM (#41988067)... For Operation Shock and Awe. I figure that means I did my part. (Took out pretty much 100% of their offensive capabilities in one day, with very little collateral damage.)
But I did not -- and would not -- have anything to do with occupation. That is a different story altogether, and had nothing to do with their "offensive capabilities".
Hell, if I'd been told the truth (i.e., that their actual "offensive capabilities" against the United States pretty much amounted to little more than peashooters), I would have had nothing to do with it from the start. We were all lied to. And we're still being lied to.
by Anonymous Coward on Thursday November 15, 2012 @05:31AM (#41989703)
I think it's this sort of thing that's at the heart of people's hatred of the US military, even amongst the US' allies, the fact that even when the US military does do wrong there's no accountability. I've no idea why that's even the case, why any organisation would want to cover up incompetence because that only encourages people to continue to be incompetence because there's no penalty for fucking up.
We similarly had an incident here in the UK where a number of British soldiers were killed/injured by two retarded A10 pilots who strafed their convoy (apparently telling the difference between the union jack and the iraqi flag is a bit beyond US military training) in Iraq and as is standard in the UK we hold enquiries when these types of incidents happen to find out what went wrong, in part to give the families closure, and in part to learn from our mistakes. As part of the inquiry we requested the footage from the aircraft from America, but of course no, they closed ranks, wouldn't give the pilots name and so on and so forth.
Thankfully, someone with some understanding of why accountability matters leaked the video regardless and it was all sorted, but the fact that the American response to accidently killing their own allies is "Fuck off we don't care" rather "Shit, we're really sorry, we'll do everything we can to figure out what went wrong" means it's hard to have any sympathy for the US military when they get blown up by IEDs trigged by nothing more than pissed off civilians and so forth - the hatred they create for themselves is entirely their own doing.
Similarly in Iraq, numerous incidents of rape and murder went unpunished by US soldiers - I can't comprehend why you'd ever allow that. That makes the US soldiers akin to the Japenese soldiers that raped Nanking in my eyes, if you want to play the good guy you don't just go into a country and arbitrarily rape and murder people with little or no punishment.
It's shocking how many Americans will also then defend this sort of thing, as if they're oblivious to the fact that in defending it they only create more hatred of their nation and create an even bigger army of extremists abroad that will be out trying to kill them at every opportunity. No one's saying that accidents don't happen, but don't just fucking sweep them under the carpet, actually investigate to see what went wrong, whether anyone was at fault, and try and right the wrongs with your allies by bringing closure and learning from the mistake, and if someone was at fault, then bring them to justice, don't let them get away with it, because in doing that, the US has effectively legalised murder/rape by it's soldiers which isn't a good place to be.
As a swiss citizen (we've got a lot of guns, but tend not to use them), I don't think you're over-relaxed about guns. I think you're rather obsessed with them, but over-relaxed in the USE of guns
Re:End US Imperialism (Score:4, Interesting)
Heinlein has some great thoughts on conscription, and on 100% conscription. (For a militaristic guy, he really hated the draft) And I can see his point and even agree with him to an extent. There are advantages in the all volunteer force.
that said, I can see the other side of the coin too, the benefits of mandatory service. Though in my view, such service would not have to be military, or even be at the federal level. I would include the Peace Corps, local police and fire departments,
... which is just the way it was in Starship Troopers (the book). To become a citizen required doing two years of government service - but that service didn't have to be military. You could be police, fire, an inspector for some government agency, or even a postal worker and earn your citizenship. (There was only a single world government, and it wasn't clear whether there were federal and non-federal levels, but the actual requirement is stated as "government service".)
Now, because humanity had a major war going on, joining the military was the easiest route to getting your government service in... but it wasn't the only.
Re:A small percentage are veterans (Score:3, Interesting)by Darth_brooks (180756) <clipper377@g m a i l.com> on Thursday November 15, 2012 @10:55AM (#41991427) Homepage
The 10,000ft view of that particular POV is this;
-Military service gives you a bullshit tolerance that's considerably higher than that of the average person.
-You gain a much better understanding of how to be a cog in a machine. Right now, we have a legislative body full of "mavericks" and "rebels" who couldn't pour piss out of a boot if the directions were on the bottom, mostly because working *with* someone else is perceived as a sign of weakness. You understand that whether you're a big cog or a little cog, none of you get anything done alone.
-The "we oughta bomb them fuckers" mentality gets tempered somewhat by service. To a legislator that didn't serve, actions like Grenda are considered 'saber rattling' and 'showing force.' To someone who served, Grenda is "that place where that guy from basic was killed. Man, what was his name? His sister was super hot and I think his Dad was the guy I talked to at graduation who served with my Uncle..." Different perspectives.
It's a blanket statement to say that they're somehow "better" qualified. Veterans can be total fuckheads as well (Hi there, Randy! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Cunningham [wikipedia.org] ), and they can be ideologically polluted tools who spout nothing but party lines, but the general rule is that at least there *some* baseline for those folks.
Re:If you haven't served, you don't really underst (Score:4, Interesting)by Anonymous Coward on Thursday November 15, 2012 @12:17PM (#41992293)Glad you enjoyed your service. Mine was a pathetic, political cluster-fark. I signed up because I was in a location where the 2 major employers in the area had just collapsed (Eastman Kodak and Xerox). I was broke and unemployed and refused to move back in with the parents.
I scored nearly perfect on the "placement" tests; and was offered a special assignment in a "technically advanced information gathering unit". I was looking forward to cool toys, a chance to travel, and doing something useful. Instead I ended up stateside in a large city in a unit where people went in and never came out.The internal politics in the unit -- which was 10 years past its prime, was desperately looking for a relevant future, and which senior NCOs ruthlessly culled the incoming recruits for small minded policy nazis -- let's just say it was a very depressing situation. The unit was over-weight in senior NCOs and could not keep new recruits past the 4 year mark. I rebelled and barely lasted past 2 years. A decade later I heard most of the unit was RIFed and the tasking sold to a civilian contractor. (Don't ask; can't tell).
I learned how to spot and avoid policy nazis. Was this useful to my country?
Re:Really people? (Score:3, Interesting)by Anonymous Coward on Thursday November 15, 2012 @12:29PM (#41992471)
No, it is not. Please stop abusing that word to describe things that are not slavery. Slavery is a well-defined concept that does not apply here. I'm not saying it isn't bad or evil, just that it is not slavery. You don't become someone's property, your children don't become someone's property. It has a limited term, there are ways to leave, there are limits to what they can do to you and a million other differences.
Your "well-defined" definition of slavery appears to be based specifically on the US system of African slave trade and exploitation, which is among the most extreme and horrific implementations of slavery in human history. However, slavery has appeared in many other forms, where there is no obvious racial "marker" to permanently deny humanhood to the enslaved population. When considering patterns of conquest and slavery in other societies, from Native American tribes to the Roman empire, the attributes that you ascribe to "not slavery" are often present. Slaves might be able to own property, buy their freedom, be freed/integrated into society after a fixed term of service, have free children, etc. The US military is certainly not as bad as the African slave trade, but shares key attributes (such as totalizing control of where a person lives, what their work is, who they can associate with, etc.) with many other historical social relations that have been termed "slavery." Whether you "become someone's property" is a matter of semantics --- while US military conscription is not codified under "property law," there is little practical difference between "having to obey the commands of your overlord because you are property" and "having to obey the commands of your overlord because you are subordinate" --- in either case, you are a tool for someone else's ends.
Therefore No crime of war perpetrated by the US military can ever be trialed by an independant court
Actually the US can always re-sign and ratify the Rome statute, after which it will be possible to be tried for war crimes. As I understand it, they have problems with suspicion that American citizens who are brought to trial at the Hague may not receive due process, including a jury trial.
The US signed the Rome Statute at first under Clinton (but didn't ratify it), then the Bush administration revoked the signature (which would mean they really don't have to even pretend to abide by it). Now the current administration is showing signs of being interested in the ICC again, but they haven't directly stated that they want to sign or ratify it. It seems like a thin line the current administration is walking - they want other countries to be held accountable at the Hague, but not themselves quite yet. Maybe once the government isn't at war, they'll be more likely to ratify it (since war crimes prior to ratification can't be prosecuted).
I disagree with the statement that the US has perpetrated more crimes of war and crimes against humanity than any other nation. Although the US is by no means a saint, Sudan, Rwanda, Egypt, Syria, Cambodia, Iraq, North Korea, China, and others have had their share of crimes against humanity in the past 70 years, including genocide in some cases, without trial in an international court. Iraq 1 and 2, Kosovo, Vietnam, etc. aren't by their nature war crimes. War crimes do happen in every war, and I personally think people who commit them should be held accountable by the Hague (including Americans). But to say that the US as a whole has committed more crimes against humanity than, say Rwanda where 800,000 people were killed in 1994, or the Kmer Rouge which killed 1.7 million Cambodians in the late 1970's, is nonsense.
by Pf0tzenpfritz (1402005) on Friday November 16, 2012 @07:28AM (#42000065) JournalThat's not -or has not always been- true. I remember a case (must have been in the 1980s) when an American soldier in Germany was arrested and accused of murder and rape by domestic police. The U.S. rather surprisingly didn't make any effort to get him out. It was pretty obvious that he was guilty and the guy insisted on being tried in the USA - don't ask me why. German authorities agreed, he got hs trial in the USA and was sentenced to death. In Germany he'd have got 15 years, 20 at max.


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