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Difference between revisions of "Lawsuits, California Proposition 8 (2008)"
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The pro-8 arguments that anti-8 groups want removed from the booklet say:
The pro-8 arguments that anti-8 groups want removed from the booklet say:
* "It [Prop 8] protects our children from being taught in public schools that 'same-sex marriage' is the same as traditional marriage
* "It [Prop 8] protects our children from being taught in public schools that 'same-sex marriage' is the same as traditional marriage.
* "In health education classes, state law requires teachers to instruct children as young as kindergartners about marriage. (Education Code 51890). If the gay marriage ruling is not overturned, TEACHERS WILL BE REQUIRED to teach young children there is ''no difference'' between gay marriage and traditional marriage." (Emphases and capitalization from original text.)<ref>[http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/bp_11042008_pres_general/prop_8_arg_in_favor.pdf ''Arguments in favor of Prop 8 proposed for official ballot book]</ref>
* "In health education classes, state law requires teachers to instruct children as young as kindergartners about marriage. (Education Code 51890). If the gay marriage ruling is not overturned, TEACHERS WILL BE REQUIRED to teach young children there is ''no difference'' between gay marriage and traditional marriage." (Emphases and capitalization from original text.)<ref>[http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/bp_11042008_pres_general/prop_8_arg_in_favor.pdf ''Arguments in favor of Prop 8 proposed for official ballot book]</ref>
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On August 8, 2008, in response to the lawsuit, Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley found that supporters of Proposition 8, in the ballot arguments they wrote for inclusion in the state's voter guide, did overstate the extent to which Proposition 8 would have an impact on what is taught in public schools, because public schools are not required to provide instruction on marriage and parents can withdraw their children.
On August 8, 2008, in response to the lawsuit, Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley found that supporters of Proposition 8, in the ballot arguments they wrote for inclusion in the state's voter guide, did overstate the extent to which Proposition 8 would have an impact on what is taught in public schools, because public schools are not required to provide instruction on marriage and parents can withdraw their children.
Frawley's ruling requests that the ballot argument be re-worded to state that teachers "may" or "could" be required to tell children there is no difference between same-sex and opposite-sex marriage, rather than "will be
Frawley's ruling requests that the ballot argument be re-worded to state that teachers "may" or "could" be required to tell children there is no difference between same-sex and opposite-sex marriage, rather than "will be.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/08/08/BAE5127O2F.DTL ''Judge refuses to order change in Proposition 8 title'', August 9, 2008]</ref>
==See also==
==See also==
Revision as of 07:57, 25 March 2014
- 1 State court lawsuits
- 2 Federal lawsuit
- 3 Donor disclosure lawsuit
- 4 FPPC complaint
- 5 Robocall lawsuit
- 6 Pre-election lawsuits
- 7 See also
- 8 External links
- 9 References
- 10 Additional reading
Significant legal issues raised about Proposition 8 have included:
- Whether Prop 8 amounted to an impermissible constitutional revision, rather than an amendment.
- As a question for both state and federal law, whether a popular vote of the people can impact on the legal rights of a minority.
- Whether California's campaign finance laws withstand federal scrutiny, to the extent that they allow for identifying and criticizing donors to ballot proposition campaigns.[2]
The California Supreme Court announced on Tuesday, May 26 that by a 6-1 vote, it was upholding the constitutionality of Proposition 8, while also upholding the approximately 18,000 same-sex marriages in the state.[3][4]
The three lawsuits the court settled on May 26 are Strauss v. Horton, Tyler v. State of California and City and County of San Francisco v. Horton.[5]
Supporters of same-sex marriage, anticipating that California's highest court would uphold the state's ban, filed a lawsuit in federal court on May 22, arguing that federal courts should overturn Prop 8 because it violates a federal constitutional right for same-sex couples to marry. The lawsuit was filed by Ted Olson and David Boies. Their lawsuit asks the United States District Court for the Northern District of California to throw out Prop 8.[6]
State court lawsuits
Although several different legal lines of attack against Proposition 8 were made in various lawsuits filed in California's state court system, the central issues were:
- Whether Proposition 8 is a state constitutional amendment, which can be passed by initiative, or a constitutional revision, which can't.
- Whether the right of a minority group should be decided by the voters (as in Proposition 8) or the courts or legislature.[7]
Proposition 8 was also at the center off three legal cases prior to the election:
- A lawsuit by opponents seeking to strike Prop 8 from the ballot.
- A lawsuit by supporters attempting to change the measure's ballot title.
- A lawsuit by opponents seeking to strike an argument made by the pro-Prop 8 campaign in the official state voter's guide.
The plaintiffs
- The American Civil Liberties Union, Lambda Legal and the National Center for Lesbian Rights filed a lawsuit, Strauss v. Horton, the basis of which is that Proposition 8 is invalid because it represents a fundamental alteration of the California Constitution; the suit says that fundamental alterations cannot be accomplished through a popular vote on an initiative.[8] This legal claim hinges on Article 18 of the constitution which says that it, the constitution, can be changed by amendment or by revision. "Amendments," according to Article 18, may be enacted by initiative with a majority vote, whereas "revisions" can only be enacted through a procedure that starts with the California State Legislature agreeing by a revision by a two-thirds vote in the legislature, followed by a statewide vote of the electorate. The lawsuit says that Prop 8, properly understood, is a "revision;" if the court agrees, then Prop 8 could be nullifed. Forty-three Democratic members of the state legislature filed a "friend of the court" brief supporting the ACLU lawsuit.[9][10][11][12]
- The governments of San Francisco, Los Angeles and Santa Clara County filed a lawsuit, San Francisco v. Horton, to invalidate the amendment. They argue, "Proposition 8 is invalid under the California Constitution because the initiative power does not permit voters to divest a politically unpopular group of rights conferred by the equal protection clause."[14]
Mark Horton, the named defendant in several of the lawsuits, is California's Registrar of Vital Statistics; the suits are filed against him in his official capacity.
Jerry Brown's role
Jerry Brown, as (then) California Attorney General, is legally required to defend state laws unless he cannot find reasonable legal grounds to do so. After Prop 8 passed, he initially said he would defend the measure in court. On December 19, he reversed himself, saying that in his view the amendment is "inconsistent with the guarantees of individual liberty" in the California Constitution and asking the state's highest court to overturn it.[18][19]
In his 111-page brief urging that the court overturn Prop 8, Brown also rejected some of the principal legal theories put forth by gay marriage advocates in their bid to overturn the initiative. Specifically, the largest amount of space in his legal filing argues that Prop 8 opponents are wrong when they say that Prop 8 is a revision rather than an amendment.[20]
Some Proposition 8 supporters, such as John C. Eastman of the Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence at the Claremont Institute, say that although Brown has urged the court to overturn Prop 8, Brown's specific arguments in the area of whether Prop 8 is an amendment or a revision do more to undermine 8 than does Brown's position that the amendment fundamentally conflicts with the state's constitution.[20] In a mid-January filing with the court, backers of Prop 8 said that Brown's brief asking the court to overturn the measure "invented an entirely new theory," going on to say, ""We will not mince words. The attorney general is inviting this court to declare a constitutional revolution."[21]
Peter Hecht, a reporter at the Sacramento Bee, observed that Brown's reversal could be politically helpful for Brown if he faces San Francisco mayor and same-sex marriage proponent Gavin Newsom in a June 2010 Democratic primary for governor.[22]
Ken Starr
Calif. Justices Weigh Gay Marriage Ban
Ken Starr, the former Whitewater special prosecutor and now dean of Pepperdine University law school, is acting as the attorney for the "Yes on 8" campaign in defending Prop 8 in the California Supreme Court. He has argued that the court should preserve the people's lawmaking powers by upholding the initiative.[18]
Amendment versus revision
In the lawsuits filed to invalidate Proposition 8, one of the two main lines of reasoning about why the court should find Proposition 8 invalid is that it amounts to a revision of the California Constitution. Under Article 18 of California's laws governing the initiative process, citizen initiatives cannot be used to "revise" the constitution; they can only be used to "amend" the constitution.[23]
What is the difference between a "revision" and an "amendment?"
A revision is a fundamental change in the Constitution and a revision cannot be accomplished solely through a citizen initiative like Proposition 8. The legal issue, therefore, is whether Proposition 8 amounts to such a fundamental change to the constitution that it should be considered a revision, not an amendment.
Lawsuits similar to this have been filed against previous California initiatives. In two cases, the lawsuits succeeded in overturning an initiative. In several other cases--for example, a lawsuit to invalidate Proposition 13--similar lawsuits failed.
Relevant legal cases
- McFadden v. Jordan, 1948.
- Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization, 1978.
- People v. Frierson, 1979.
- In re Lance W., 1985
- Raven v. Deukmejian, 1990. In this case, the court struck down an initiative that would have barred the state courts from interpreting the state constitution in a more defendant-friendly way than the federal constitution is interpreted, on a wide range of constitutional provisions.[24]
- Adams v. Gunter. This is a 1970 decision of the Florida Supreme Court that struck down an initiative to change Florida's state legislature to a unicameral rather than a bicameral body on the grounds that the initiative was a revision, not an amendment.
In these cases, the initiatives in question were found to be amendments, not unconstitutional revisions.
In McFadden in 1948, the California Supreme Court struck down an initiative as an unconstitutional revision on the grounds that it added 21,000 words to what was then a 55,000-word Constitution. The 1948 court said the initiative was 'revisory rather than amendatory in nature,' because of the 'far reaching and multifarious substance of the measure ...; (p. 332) which dealt with such varied and diverse subjects as retirement pensions, gambling, taxes, oleomargarine, healing arts, civic centers, senate reapportionment, fish and game, and surface mining. We noted that the proposal would have repealed or substantially altered at least 15 of the 25 articles which then comprised the Constitution."[25]
Other states
There have been lawsuits in two other states contending that bans in those states on same-sex marriage passed via the initiative process were unconstitutional revisions rather that amendments:
- Bess v. Ulmer, 1999. Alaska.
- Martinez v. Kulongoski, 2008. Oregon.
Federal lawsuit
- See also: Perry v. Schwarzenegger
A federal lawsuit was filed on May 22 with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California asking that Proposition 8 be declared unconstitutional according to the U.S. Constitution. The non-jury trial is set to begin on January 11, 2010. Judge Vaughn Walker is presiding over the case.[26]
The lawsuit is sponsored by the American Foundation for Equal Rights, led by Chad Griffin, and financed in part by Rob Reiner.[27]
The lawsuit was filed by celebrated attorneys Ted Olson and David Boies.[28]
The plaintiffs in the case say that they plan to establish that Proposition 8 is "irrational, indefensible and unconstitutional."[26]
Initial opposition
When the federal lawsuit was announced, several major groups opposed to Prop 8 denounced it, including:
In July, these same groups petitioned the court to be allowed to intervene on behalf of the plaintiffs.[29]
Griffin of AFER asked that these groups not be allowed to intervene in the case. He wrote a letter to the groups in early July 2009 saying, "You have unrelentingly and unequivocally acted to undermine this case even before it was filed. In light of this, it is inconceivable that you would zealously and effectively litigate this case if you were successful in intervening. Therefore, we will vigorously oppose any motion to intervene."[29]
Attorneys Olson and Boies also asked the court not to allow these groups to intervene, saying that their intervention "poses a substantial risk of interference and delay...Having declined to bring their own federal challenge to Proposition 8, Our Family Coalition and their counsel [the gay rights groups] should not be allowed to usurp plaintiffs' lawsuit now that it is under way and moving forward on an expedited basis."[29]
Disclosure of campaign materials
A key early issue in the case was a request by plaintiffs that the court compel the "Yes on 8" campaign to release its internal campaign strategy documents. The reason for this request, according to one account, is that the plaintiffs believed that if they found evidence in these documents that the "Yes on 8" strategists were attempting "to sow fear and discrimination against gays and lesbians," this information would be relevant in helping a judge decide what the motivations were of those who voted in favor of Proposition 8.[30]
Chief U.S. District Judge Vaughn Walker ordered that the documents be disclosed. In early December 2009, a three-judge panel of the Ninth U.S. Circuit of Appeals suspended Walker's order.[31] In its decision, the 3-judge panel wrote, "The freedom to associate with others for the common advancement of political beliefs and ideas lies at the heart of the 1st Amendment."[32][33]
On December 16, one of the 27 active judges on the Ninth Circuit called for a vote to rehear the issue with a full 11-member panel of judges. Attorneys on both sides of the dispute were requested to file briefs on the matter by December 24, 2009[30] On December 30, the court announced that it was re-affirming its original ruling not to order disclosure.[34]
Televised coverage
On Wednesday, January 6, federal judge Vaughn Walker ruled that cameras will be allowed in his courtroom when he begins hearings on the federal lawsuit on January 11.
Video footage from the trial will be uploaded to YouTube daily.[35]
Supporters of Proposition 8 argued that televising the trial is unwise and illegal, leaving open the possibility that they will appeal Judge Walker's decision to televise the proceedings.[36]
The Courage Campaign has been a leading advocate of televising the proceedings.[37]
Donor disclosure lawsuit
"Protect Marriage," sponsors of the amendment, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in January in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California in which they sought a preliminary injunction of a California election law that requires donors of $100 or more to disclose their names, addresses, occupations and other personal information. The lawsuit sought a preliminary injunction prior to January 31, which is when the campaign's final finance filing was due. The lawsuit's attorney is James Bopp Jr., a lawyer from Indiana who is frequently involved in political speech cases, who said that what he refers to as harassment of Proposition 8 supporters before and after the campaign is a violation of their constitutional rights of free speech and assembly.[38]
Oral arguments in the case were heard by U.S. District Judge Morrison C. England, Jr., on Thursday, January 29. He rejected the plaintiff's position; although an appeal is pending, the donors were disclosed by the February 2 disclosure deadline.[39]
The mandatory disclosure of contributors to Proposition 8 on the website of the California Secretary of State has led to acts of vandalism, boycotts and death threats, according to the lawsuit.
"This harassment is made possible because of California's unconstitutional campaign finance disclosure rules as applied to ballot measure committees where even donors of as little as $100 must have their names, home addresses and employers listed on public documents," according Ron Prentice, who is the chairman of the Yes on 8 committee.[40]
The suit seeks to:
- Eliminate all campaign disclosure requirements for ballot measures after an election.
- Bar the state from requiring any additional contribution reports.
- Require officials to purge all pre-election reports from their public files.
Tim Chandler of the Alliance Defense Fund, a Christian legal organization helping with the lawsuit, said, "Citizens shouldn't have to choose between being involved in the democratic process and subjecting themselves to acts of vengeance."
Fred Karger of Californians Against Hate disagrees, saying, "They started this fight in 30 states by going to the ballot and winning. Now the gay community is fighting back and seeing who gave the money. People are choosing who they want to give their business to."
Widespead interest
Observers around the country have weighed in on the issue of protecting donor confidentiality raised by the federal lawsuit with, for example, the Albany Democrat Herald in Oregon editorizing that:
- "Campaign contributions are listed publicly on the theory that we should know who pays for politicians' campaigns and gains influence over them when they're in office. But on ballot measures, nobody can buy a single voter, no matter how much money he donates to that kind of campaign. We'll have to figure out how to protect citizens' right to participate in the democratic process. One way is to allow contributors to remain anonymous in ballot measure campaigns.[41]
Opposition to lawsuit
Attorney General Jerry Brown, Secretary of State Debra Bowen and the Fair Political Practices Commission filed a brief in late January with the court opposing the lawsuit filed by the Proposition 8 campaign.
According to Ross Johnson, the FPPC's chairman, the lawsuit is "out to destroy campaign finance disclosure by a death-of-a-thousand cuts" and "I don't intend to let that happen on my watch."[42]
FPPC complaint
Californians Against Hate filed a complaint with the California Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC) which says that the LDS (Mormon) Church failed to report nonmonetary contributions to the Yes on Proposition 8 campaign.
Fred Karger, the leader of Californians Against Hate, said in the complaint that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints failed to report money it invested to "organize phone banks, send out direct mailers, provide transportation to California, mobilize a speakers bureau, send out satellite simulcasts and develop Web sites as well as numerous commercials and video broadcasts."[43]
A spokesperson for the LDS Church said that the church had "fully complied with the reporting requirements of the California Political Reform Act" and that "any investigation would confirm the church's full compliance with applicable law." The church spokesperson also said Karger's complaint had "many errors and misstatements."[43]
If the FPPC determines that a violation occurred it can levy a fine of up to $5,000 per violation and can also file a civil lawsuit, which could lead to remedies amounting to three times the amount of unreported or misreported contributions.
The New York Times editorialized in favor of the FPPC investigation.[44]
Robocall lawsuit
In late January 2009, Turlock City Councilwoman Mary Jackson filed a lawsuit in Stanislaus County to find out who paid for a robocall in the county in the last week of the Proposition 8 campaign. The voice on the robocall was represented as being Jackson's voice. The caller urged voters to vote against Proposition 8. However, as the lawsuit alleges, the robocall was a fraudulent misrepresentation, since the recorded voice did not belong to Mary Jackson, nor was she aware of or in anyway involved with the calls.
The lawsuit alleges "unfair business practices" and seeks as much as $10,000 in damages and possibly more in punitive damages.
Jackson is a journalism instructor at Merced College. According to Jackson, her campaign did not record or pay for the call urging a "no" vote on Prop 8.[45]
Pre-election lawsuits
Lawsuit filed to strike from ballot
On June 20, Equality California in a 55-page petition asked the California Supreme Court to strike the initiative from the November ballot. In the brief presented to the court, the reasons given for striking it are:
- The measure would be a state constitutional revision, not an amendment, and would therefore require more elaborate procedures for passage.
- The initiative petitions circulated to voters before the court ruling were misleading because they declared that the measure would make no change in the marriage laws and would have no fiscal impact.[46]
- While a constitutional amendment can be enacted by a voter initiative alone, a proposed revision must be approved by two-thirds of each house of the Legislature before being submitted to state voters.
- Attorneys who filed the lawsuit said the initiative is a revision because it would "alter the underlying principles on which the California Constitution is based."
- Also, the measure would have the effect of "severely compromising the core constitutional principle of equal citizenship (and) depriving a vulnerable minority of fundamental rights;"
- And, "We filed this lawsuit because the sponsors of the initiative haven't followed the very constitution they're trying to change. For good reason, there's a strict process for making revisions to our constitution and it's more involved than simply collecting petition signatures"[47]
A pro-initiative attorney, Glen Lavy who works with the Alliance Defense Fund, who was quoted in the press about the lawsuit said, "Equality California and its allies are desperate to evade democracy."[48] Five proponents of Proposition 8 filed a brief with the court asking it to reject the attempt to remove the initiative from the ballot, saying that removal would be an "inexcusable incursion into the right of the people to amend their constitution."[49]
The California Supreme Court had three options with respect to the lawsuit:
Lawsuit fails
On July 16, the California Supreme Court announced that is was declining to consider the request for a hearing. The decision was unanimous. The court did not announce a reason for its decision.[50][51]
Ballot title lawsuit
On July 29, supporters of Proposition 8 filed a lawsuit, Jansen v. Bowen, against California Attorney General Jerry Brown. The lawsuit sought to have the Sacramento County Superior Court order a different ballot title for Proposition 8 than the title chosen by Brown. Proposition 8 supporters asked for an expedited hearing on their lawsuit, since the state ballot booklets were to go to the printers on August 11. Protect Marriage, in its brief, cited research that the attorney general had not used a negative active verb like "eliminates" in the title of a ballot measure in the fifty years in which ballot measures have been used.[52] On Friday, August 8, Sacramento County Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley ruled against Proposition 8 supporters in a 8-page ruling that said the ballot title is an accurate representation of what Proposition 8 will do.[53][54][55]
Proposition 8 supporters argued in the lawsuit that the new title chosen by Brown is "inherently argumentative and highly likely to create prejudice." The two specific requests in the lawsuit were that the ballot title be changed to:
- Use the wording, "Limit on Marriage," because that is the language used on the initiative petitions that were circulated and signed by 1.2 million registered voters.
- Or, use the title, "Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California."
When the initiative wording for what eventually became Proposition 8 was filed many months ago, the title that Brown conferred on it at that time was consistent with what supporters of Proposition 8 are asking for. However, Brown changed the ballot title on July 3, 2008 to a short description and summary that Proposition 8 supporters, as well as a number of political pundits in California, believe is adverse to the pro-8 cause. The July 3 ballot title describes the measure as "Eliminates the Right of Same-Sex Couples to Marry." Voters in California, according to ballot pundit Thomas Elias, historically "rarely opt to take away rights" and the revised ballot title frames Proposition 8 as taking away a right.[56][57]
The new ballot summary also says that the measure will cost local governments "tens of millions of dollars" of "potential revenue loss," mainly in lost sales taxes.
Brown criticized, defended for change
Brown was criticized for changing the ballot title. Tony Quinn, a political pundit and consultant generally for Republican causes, said, Brown "is delivering something . . . that is very important to the gay community, and that is a title and summary that is more likely to lead you to vote 'No,'"[58][59][60]
Brown defended the new ballot title, saying:
- The petitions bearing the "Limit on Marriage" title were circulated before the California Supreme Court ruled in May that gay and lesbian couples have the same right to marry as opposite-sex couples in California.
- Brown says that therefore, "What has happened is the Supreme Court found that the right to marriage includes same-sex couples. This happened after the original title was approved. ... Now same-sex couples have a right that's recognized and supporters of the proposition want to eliminate that right."
- Brown said that supporters of Proposition 8 "can't say with a straight face that this isn't about eliminating the right to gay marriage, so what's their problem with this? This is a political lawsuit, not one about serious legal issues."
In its lawsuit, Protect Marriage, supporters of Proposition 8, say that research they conducted "found that never in the 50-year history of statewide ballot measures has the attorney general used an active verb like 'eliminates' in the title of a ballot measure."[61]
Lawsuits over ballot booklets
Opponents of Proposition 8 filed a lawsuit, Jenkins v. Bowen, in late July asking that a pro-8 argument set to appear in the official ballot booklet that will be printed on August 11 and made available both on state websites and at polling places be removed.[62]
The pro-8 arguments that anti-8 groups want removed from the booklet say:
- "It [Prop 8] protects our children from being taught in public schools that 'same-sex marriage' is the same as traditional marriage."
- "In health education classes, state law requires teachers to instruct children as young as kindergartners about marriage. (Education Code 51890). If the gay marriage ruling is not overturned, TEACHERS WILL BE REQUIRED to teach young children there is no difference between gay marriage and traditional marriage." (Emphases and capitalization from original text.)[63]
- Change ordered in wording:
On August 8, 2008, in response to the lawsuit, Superior Court Judge Timothy Frawley found that supporters of Proposition 8, in the ballot arguments they wrote for inclusion in the state's voter guide, did overstate the extent to which Proposition 8 would have an impact on what is taught in public schools, because public schools are not required to provide instruction on marriage and parents can withdraw their children.
Frawley's ruling requests that the ballot argument be re-worded to state that teachers "may" or "could" be required to tell children there is no difference between same-sex and opposite-sex marriage, rather than "will be."[64]
See also
External links
- ↑ Christian Science Monitor, "Date set for challenge of California gay-marriage ban," August 19, 2009
- ↑ New York Times, "Marriage Ban Donors Feel Exposed by List," January 18, 2009
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "California Supreme Court to rule on Proposition 8 Tuesday," May 22, 2009
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "California high court upholds Prop 8," May 25, 2009
- ↑ Website of the California Supreme Court
- ↑ Washington Examiner, "Ted Olson goes to court on behalf of gay marriage," May 26, 2009
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Proposition 8 hinges on who decides: judges or voters," November 19, 2008
- ↑ Text of Strauss v. Horton
- ↑ Text of lawsuit filed by ACLU, Lambda Legal, others
- ↑ Desert Sun, "Lawsuits could mount in Prop 8 battle," November 6, 2008
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "The law and Proposition 8," November 10, 2008
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Democratic legislators ask state Supreme Court to void Proposition 8," November 11, 2008
- ↑ Tyler v. California]
- ↑ Pasadena Star News, "Proposition 8 spawns slew of lawsuits," November 5, 2008
- ↑ Asian Pacific Legal Center v. Horton
- ↑ Equal Rights Advocates v. Horton
- ↑ California Council of Churches v. Horton
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 San Francisco Chronicle, "Brown asks state high court to overturn Proposition 8," December 20, 2008
- ↑ Findlaw's Writ, "The California Attorney General's Brief in the California Supreme Court Case Challenging Proposition 8: The Questions It Raised, and Why It Surprised Many Observers," January 2, 2009
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Los Angeles Times, "Jerry Brown's Proposition 8 stance faults legal arguments of gay marriage backers," December 23, 2008
- ↑ Gay and Lesbian Times, "Proposition 8 backers blast Calif. Attorney General," January 15, 2009
- ↑ Sacramento Bee, "Jerry Brown wins praise, criticism for stance on Proposition 8," January 20, 2009
- ↑ Article 18 of the California Constitution
- ↑ Volokh Conspiracy, "Is the Proposed California Same-Sex Marriage Ban an Unconstitutional "Revision" by Initiative?," June 23, 2008
- ↑ Stephen Bainbridge
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Fox Reno, "Proposition 8 Opponents To Tell Judge Lawsuit Is Irrational," December 8, 2009
- ↑ Arkansas Times, "From Wal-Mart to the White House," December 10, 2009
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Parties in Proposition 8 suit reject more plaintiffs," August 9, 2009
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 On Top Magazine, "Gay Groups Not Welcome In Federal Marriage Suit," August 8, 2009
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Los Angeles Times, "Appeals court to vote on new hearing in Proposition 8 challenge," December 16, 2009
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Prop 8 backers likely to win disclosure fight," December 4, 2009
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Foes of California's gay-marriage ban lose federal appeal," December 12, 2009
- ↑ Ballot Access News, "9th Circuit Says Compelled Disclosure of Internal Campaign Communications Violates First Amendment," December 12, 2009
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Prop 8 campaign document ruling re-affirmed," December 31, 2009
- ↑ CNN, "Same-sex marriage trial to be shown on YouTube," January 7, 2010
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Prop 8 backers say TV coverage of trial unwise," December 30, 2009
- ↑ Blockbuster Democracy, "Should Prop 8 Federal Suit Be Televised?," January 5, 2010
- ↑ New York Times, "Marriage Ban Donors Feel Exposed by List," January 18, 2009
- ↑ Ballot Access News, "Judge Denies Injunctive Relief in California Disclosure of Contributors Case
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Proposition 8 supporters want donors anonymous," January 9, 2009
- ↑ Albany Democrat Herald, "Editorial: Finance data expose donors to retaliation," December 29, 2008
- ↑ Sacramento Bee, "Proposition 8 donor disclosure urged," January 23, 2009
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Salt Lake Tribune, "Probe into LDS Church's Prop 8 donations going forward," November 25, 2008
- ↑ New York Times, "The Prop 8 Campaign Money," November 29, 2008
- ↑ Modesto Bee, "Robocalls trigger lawsuit," January 30, 2009
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, Gay marriage backers want ban issue off ballot, June 21, 2008
- ↑ Bay City News, Marriage Equality Group Asks California Supreme Court to remove November Same-Sex Marriage Ban Initiative
- ↑ Mercury News, Civil rights groups seek to block California gay marriage ballot initiative, June 20, 2008
- ↑ KTVU-TV, Proponents Urge Court To Leave Marriage Initiative On Nov. Ballot, July 1, 2008
- ↑ Associated Press, "Calif. court rejects gay-marriage-initiative case," July 16, 2008
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Challenge tossed, gay marriage ban on ballot," July 17, 2008
- ↑ CNA, "Lawsuit filed to challenge California ballot's 'inflammatory' rewording of marriage amendment," August 1, 2008
- ↑ Judge upholds summary of gay marriage ban
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Proposition 8 backers sue to change ballot wording," July 30, 2008
- ↑ Judge puts off ruling on marriage measure, August 8, 2008
- ↑ Thomas Elias: A ballot of words describing Proposition 8, August 7, 2008
- ↑ July 3 ballot title for Proposition 8
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Opponents of gay marriage say they'll sue over changed wording," July 29, 2008
- ↑ Jerry Brown's cynical ploy on gay rights, Dan Walters, Sacramento Bee, July 30, 2008
- ↑ Experts expound: Is Jerry Brown playing politics?
- ↑ Mercury News, "Gay marriage opponents decry new Proposition 8 language as 'inflammatory'," July 30, 2008
- ↑ Hearings Set In California's Proposition 8 Same Gender Marriage Battle
- ↑ Arguments in favor of Prop 8 proposed for official ballot book
- ↑ Judge refuses to order change in Proposition 8 title, August 9, 2008


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Most of the children in attendance at Wednesday's 9/11 observance were not even born when America was attacked on Sept. 11, 2001.
About 200 children from three area schools joined 100 others at the 9/11 Memorial in Havelock for a moment of silence at 8:46 a.m., the moment 12 years ago that the first hijacked airliner struck the World Trade Center in a terrorist attack on the nation.
Despite not being alive when the attacks happened, the older students in the crowd seemed to have settled on a meaning of this day of remembrance.
"It's a day of solidarity for the nation and we need to celebrate it together," said Taylor Gray, an eighth-grader from Annunciation Catholic School in Havelock.
Gray said Wednesday was a day that the country needed to thank all of the firefighters and police officers, along with all the others, who died on that fateful day. She also said all of the servicemen and women who have died during the war on terror that has gone on since the attacks needed to be recognized as well.
Havelock Police Chief G. Wayne Cyrus spoke briefly as a bright sun warmed those attending the observance.
"We should never ever forget that event that occurred on Sept. 11, 2001," Cyrus told the crowd.
The 110 Annunciation students that came sang "America the Beautiful," while 67 children from Arthur W. Edwards Elementary School waved small American flags.
"This was all student organized. The students decided what they were going to sing," said Jody Fennell, a language arts teachers and director of student life at Annunciation.
Fennell said he was impressed at the number of people who came out to the observance.
"Part of it is the community that we live in," he said, referencing nearby Cherry Point. "Many people are in the military or in public safety and many of the kids have military parents. It hits these kids in the community close to home."
Cyrus said he appreciated those who attended the observance.
"I thought we had a great turnout, which I think is indicative of how important our citizens still feel about the event," Cyrus said after the event.
Havelock resident Norman Girard wore a shirt with the saying "Remember the Heroes."
"I take it out once a year," he said.
He took note of the students who attended the event.
"Some of these kids weren't even born yet," he said. "They are the ones that have to remember it. It's a solemn observance, something that should be remembered every year. Many people have died and others have passed on since, some defending our freedom. It's a day we need to remember."
The group gathered around the circular monument that the city of Havelock and a host of volunteers created near the Harrier display next to the city's Public Safety Building. In the center of the circle is a piece of steel from the fallen World Trade Center, plus stone from the Pentagon and rock from the ground at Shanksville, Pa. It was completed in 2012 to honor the nearly 3,000 people who died during the attacks.
"I happened to be in New York when 9/11 happened," said Marcella Albanese, a native New Yorker who now lives in Havelock. "The sky was blue. Then it turned gray. You knew that those were our American people that were killed. It just crushed me."
Albanese, who spent more than 13 years in the Marine Corps, is married to a Marine who served more than 32 years. They have four sons on active duty in the armed services.
"We are a complete military family," Albanese said. "That's why we chose to live in Havelock."
Havelock resident Michele Courtney described the observance as "very nice."
"I was glad to see the big turnout," she said. "I loved hearing the children sing. There's no way you can forget the people that lost their lives."


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Hello friends and neighbors. It is good to see you here.
On March 8, teacher Claire Zawistowski invited me to
"My mother is Nyjah Sessoms. She is 31 years old and she has Lupus. Lupus is a disease that can affect parts of the body such as the skin, joints, blood and kidneys. It can also affect the most important organ, the heart. The disease never goes away. My mother was diagnosed with Lupus in 2003. She knew something was wrong before she found out the disease she had. Things started happening like strands of hair falling out and swelling in hands and ankles. She was devastated when she went to the doctor and they told her what she had. Things went good until the year 2012. That was when I saw her having seizures.
"One day on a Saturday morning, I was asleep in my room and my little sister Liberty Mathis was sleeping with my Mom. I was enjoying a nice dream until
"Later that day she came back home but she had the jumps. My sisters and I call it the jumps because her muscles would tighten up and whatever she had in her hands fell. It was when she came back home and the jumps were happening 30 seconds apart, one after the other. All she could do was calm me down because I was scared. She kept saying things like, "I am OK" but I wouldn't believe it. Something was telling me something wasn't right. My older sister and I tried to help her but she jumped and almost fell. She said, "I am alright," but I still didn't believe it. We got her on the bed and it was her last jump before she started shaking. While she was shaking, she was slowly sliding off the bed. My little sister was there the whole time helping my Mom through it. I ran across the street to my older sister's grandmother's house. My older sister called the paramedics and they took her away again. I couldn't eat or sleep because she wasn't home. That was the worst day of my life.
"We went to see her at the hospital. She was in the Intensive Care Unit. She kept asking was she going home and sadly, we had to tell her no. She got emotional and so did I. She had short term memory loss. If she didn't stop having seizures, she would be like that for the rest of her life. I knew something was wrong because she wasn't herself. Everyone was sad and scared but she was always positive. She has been to the hospital so many times it's impossible for me to count. Everything is good now. She has been taking medications to help her not have seizures. She takes a pill called Vimput. She also goes to dialysis on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for six hours a day!
"I admire my mom because she puts others first and she puts herself second. She helps others by giving money and food to the homeless people. What I learned from my mom is to stay positive and strong. When my mom is going through things like seizures, I wonder in my head why did you let this happen? Sometimes I feel sad and mad at the same time but I always stay strong and positive for my mom!"
There was silence in the multipurpose room when Chyzaeya finished. Everyone was moved by the heartfelt story of a child dealing with her mother's illness.
I thought often about Chyzaeya and her mother and prayed for the family. On April 8, I saw Nyjah's obituary in this newspaper. It broke my heart for those three girls.
The girls are now living with their grandmother Carolyn Lightfoot and have gone back to
On this Mother's Day, celebrate your mom. Please remember these girls and all of us who have lost a mother. It is a space that is never filled. Please remember also those mothers that have lost a child.
I have a new granddaughter Sophia so her mom Desiree is a mother for the first time. That is an exciting time. Happy first Mother's Day.
The rest of the story
I wrote the story about Louis Shields in today's paper. The comment about Louis from Billy Mills and the Rev. John Kerr, pastor of First Presbyterian Church in
Borrowing words that Louis had used about another, the Rev. Kerr said of Louis, "some people build a life but he built a community as well,"
Louis and his late wife Martha have been pillars of the church, the Rev. Kerr said. Louis has been a ruling elder, a deacon and a trustee. "Louis has never known a stranger, I don't think, and has known everyone who has come through our doors over the years. He always has a smile and a good word for everyone. I looked forward to seeing him each and every week (and sometimes more often), and I must say that I miss him now that he's living in
"He has meant a whole lot to a lot of folks," his old friend Billy Mills said. Among those, Billy said Louis was a stabilizing force in the Democratic Party and is greatly missed. He provided continuity to the college, the board of trustees, the health department and was a strong supporter of the nursing program at
"Louis is a good businessman and a good trustee.
The Mills have a new great grandson, William Donald Mills IV. Billy joked that they only need one more Williams Donald Mills for a basketball team. Congratulations. They don't call them great and grand for nothing.
Thank you for coming.


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For the entire Andrew Stern profile, click here. Selected highlights from the Andrew Stern profile: Former New Leftist Andrew Stern is the current President of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the second largest labor union in North America. The economic model championed by Stern and SEIU includes universal health care, increased taxation, an expansion of social […]
Andrew Stern
December 4, 2009 by John Perazzo Leave a Comment
Filed Under: DTN Profiles Tagged With: 60 million, Academy, activism, activist, activist groups, Andrew Stern, associate, associate editor, bullies, care, Click, community organizers, corporate campaigns, death of a thousand cuts, democrat party, democratic society, economic model, editor, Employees, expansion, Former, Health, Heather, house, inauguration, International, labor, Midwest, model, nationwide network, New Republic, North America, Obama, Party, Paul, President Obama, presidential candidacy, profile, Ryan Lizza, SEIU, service, social welfare programs, society members, taxation, Union, unionize, Universal Health Care, welfare, White


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Narrow your search
A sapphire screen isn't in the cards, claims analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, but a larger capacity and other surprises await.
It's somewhat slower memory, but it's still faster than a solid-state drive for those who need serious amounts of memory.
SanDisk has launched the world's first microSD card with a capacity of 128GB.
Your phone or tablet may not support all that capacity yet, but the SanDisk flash memory card could help those with too many videos, photos, music, or apps.
The report also discusses possible RAM details for Apple's next blower, as well as the rumoured fingerprint scanner.
iPhone 5S may go gold and move up to 64-bit computing, according to an analyst.
Microsoft has yet more updated guidance for those in search of the elusive 128GB model of its Surface Pro tablet/PC hybrid.
You don't have to be Sherlock Holmes to deduce that Apple began selling the 128GB iPad today with Microsoft's Surface Pro in mind. But don't confuse Apple's flash drive with Microsoft's SSD.
Apple's roomy toy is on sale from today, if you happen to have at least £639 going spare.
It's identical to the fourth-generation iPad that Apple launched last year, except that it doubles what had been the highest amount of storage available.


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Showing 1 to 20 of 26 newsletters
Refine this list by selecting a source:
StreetGames South East Region Newsletter
StreetGames is the only national charity bringing sport to the doorstep of children in the most deprived wards of England. It's sport delivered at the right time, the right place and in the right style to engage young people who do not warm to more traditional opportunities
Forestry Commission SE - Connect Bulletin
The Forestry Commission works with a range of partners from private sector landowners to sports clubs, local communities to national businesses, on a host of recreation, regeneration and educational schemes.
DHSE Information Update for October 2010
The Department of Health South East is the regional arm of the Department of Health. It includes the regional Healthy Weight Team. The Information Update is the DHSE's regular newsletter. It acts as a signpost to public health and social care resources, evidence, policy news and events.
Play In the South East - June 2010
This newsletter contains news stories, events, jobs and more from partners involved in Play around the region. Contributions for inclusion in the next newsletter are invited,
Youth Dance England (South East)
Youth Dance England is the national youth dance organisation giving young people the chance to participate in a wide range of dance activities:
Natural England Update - March 2010
Details of Natural England's 'Walking for Health' scheme, the Outdoor Health Questionnaire and other initiatives
Everyday Swim Newsletter
Everyday Swim is a national project which aims to get more people swimming by finding out 'what works' in getting more people into our pools. Everyday Swim is led by the Amateur Swimming Association and has investment of £3 Million from Sport England and over £1 Million from local partners.
chances4change 2nd Year Anniversary SPECIAL EDITION NEWSLETTER
As chances4change celebrates it's 2nd year anniversary, the newsletter highlights the work of the portfolio and it's plans for moving forward.
Change4Life Newsletter
change4Life is the Government-led social marketing campaign that aims to prevent people from becoming overweight by encouraging them to eat better and move more.
BTCV Newsletter
BTCV (British Trust for Conservation Volunteers) is a large scale, national organisation that delivers a multitude of small scale localised projects including Green Gym, Health Walks, Training.
RAISE Weekly e-bulletin
RAISE exists to champion the third sector's unique contribution to making South East England socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. The third sector is a key partner in tackling health inequalities.
SEPHO Observatory Newsletter
The South East Public Health Observatory's aim is to improve health and reduce inequalities in the South East region by providing information and support to local organisations, partners and stakeholders
NHF Weekly Newsletter
The National Heart Forum (NHF) is a leading alliance of over 50 national organisations working to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and related conditions such as stroke, diabetes and cancer.
School Food Trust - Sept 09 Newsletter
The School Food Trust was established by the Government in September 2005 to transform school food and food skills, promote the education and health of children and young people and improve the quality of food in schools.
Routes 2 Action (Safer Routes to School Newsletter)
Inspiring stories of what schools and councils have done, as well as top tips, common Q&As, resource reviews, competitions and the latest policy and research news across the fields of health, transport and the environment.
South East Dance Update - December 2009
A summary of updates from dance agencies and organisations around the region, coordinated by South East Dance
National Physical Activity Update December 2010
A summary of developments at national level, from the Physical Activity Programme Board
SEPACT County Updates December 2010
SEPACT is the South East Physical Activity Coordinating Team. This newsletter contains county by county updates from members working in Primary Care Trusts, Local Authorities and County Sports Partnerships
The Point (Eastleigh) Dance Newsletter
The latest news from Eastleigh Borough Council's arts unit and The Point
South East Youth Dance Network - July 2010 Bulletin
The South East Youth Dance Network is a 'one-stop' shop for people to exchange ideas, form partnerships and collaborations, share skills and raise the quality and accessibility of youth dance.


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By Kevin Stevens, Networx
When it comes to kitchen floor tile, we are pretty lucky with the selection that is available. Natural stone options include granite, marble and slate, just to name a few. In each of those individual types of stone we have dozens and dozens of choices. Add in the ceramic and porcelain options and the choices can reach in to the hundreds. Kitchen floor tiles also come in a multitude of sizes, from small mosaic pieces to large squares of 20" or more.
The simplest pattern is laying the tile in basic rows where each tile lines up with the one above and below. The next simplest is laying tile "on point" by cutting the edge tiles in half on the diagonal so you get a nice, repeating diamond pattern. Beyond these two patterns, the sky is the limit.


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Highlighted in Forbes' Law & Technology Blog as one of Eight Great Law & Technology Resources, Orange Legal Technologies' Unfiltered Orange Weekly eDiscovery News Updates provide readers with a trusted compilation of key public domain eDiscovery news, views and events.
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We have some interesting new lots, and I realize it's a rather unfair to add them today since we must close at noon to finish up all our outbound shipping. Well, it leaves something to look forward to later! The shopping cart is activated again on December 26th, and we start shipping again on January 2nd. Anyway .... The first is from unspecified farms in Antioquia district, a pooled lot we call Colombia Antioquia "13353" Supremo that just happensto have great cup character. There are 2 late-arriving Kenya lots,our last until new crop. Kenya AA Giakanja Coop Coffee Mill is an oddball Kenya with a twist of Indonesia rustic fruit in the darker roasts. Kenya Muranga -Kianderi Peaberry is very floral, lemony, alto-range flavor profile, especially with a City to City+ roast treatment. And we have a new lot of Aged Sumatra Grade One Lintong that is complex, and surprisingly sweet for an aged coffee. We also have a really nice lot of Sumatra Lintong Nihuta KVW Decaf that truly cups like a good non-decaf Sumatra.


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Little Inferno, History of Jazz, Rolling Stone
Leo & Sarah round up the best new music apps, Rolling Stone goes iPad, The History of Jazz, The John Lennon Letters, Little Inferno, & more!
Hosts: Leo Laporte and Sarah Lane
Download or subscribe to this show at twit.tv/ipt.
You can contribute to iPad Today by leaving us a voicemail at 757-504-iPad (757-504-4723) or sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Running time:: 1:22:07


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Campus Recreation
University of Wisconsin-Superior
1810 Catlin Avenue
P.O. Box 2000
Superior, WI 54880
ph. 715-395-4610
fax. 715-395-4625
Campus Recreation
News and Event Details
Seats are limited so make sure you grab a friend and stop by the MWC welcome desk to reserve your spot before it's too late! Must sign up by Thursday, February 27.UWS Community: $30General Public: $40We'll be providing transportation, hot drinks, snacks and snowshoes.
Disclaimer: Apostle Islands National Lakeshore staff checks the ice and monitors the weather to determine when the Mainland Caves are accessible. NPS is not, however, able to check every day. Cold temperatures can form thick ice, but wind and waves can break up that ice and make it very unstable. Trips may be cancelled or moved depending on ice conditions.


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Anxiety Center - Laguna Beach, CA
Laguna Beach Psychiatrist Doctors for Anxiety
Type of Physician: Psychiatrist
What is a Psychiatrist?
A certification by the Board of Psychiatry & Neurology; practitioners are skilled in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental, addictive and emotional disorders. He or she is trained to understand the biological, psychological and social components of illness and is qualified to order diagnostic laboratory tests and to prescribe medications, as well as to evaluate and treat psychological and interpersonal problems. The psychiatrist is also prepared to intervene with individuals and families who are coping with stress, crises, and other problems in living.
Specialty: Psychiatry
Common Name:
Psychiatrist Doctors in Laguna Beach *
Laguna Beach Community Clinic
Robert Woods MD
Bettina Franz MD
Chau Ton-That DO
Paul D Corona MD
Kent L Powell MD Inc
Laguna Psychiatric
Laguna Psychiatric
Edward Kaufman MD
Laguna Psychiatric
Martin T Jensen MD
Kaiser Permanente Psychiatry
So CA Psychiatric Associates
Kaiser Permanente Family Practi
Lewis S Lane MD
So CA Psychiatric Associates
County Orange Health Care Agncy
Ehab G Hanna MD
Orange County Psychiatry
Laguna Behavioral
Laguna Behavioral
Windstone Behavioral Health
Windstone Behavioral Health
Windstone Behavioral Health
Irwin I Rosenfeld MD
Steven Keys MD
Irwin I Rosenfeld MD
Beach Doctors
Beach Doctors
Pacific Mental Health
Orange County Psychological Svs
Gianfranco Burdi MD
Kevin M Kimback MD
Harbor Medical Associates
Newport Coast Mental Health
Harbor Medical Associates
Gordon G Globus MD
Barton J Blinder MD
R Anne Schack MD & Associates
R Anne Schack MD & Associates
R Anne Schack MD & Associates
Hisham G Korraa MD
Edwin C Peck Jr MD
Kamal H Artin MD
Life Stages Developmental Medcn
Phillip Cohen MD APC
Venture Psychological Services
Venture Psychological Services
Vitaliy Shaulov MD
Julie Thomas MD
Rajai K Ghosheh Jr MD
Orange Coast Psychiatric Assocs
Mark S Lipian MD
Susan Zachariah MD
Sameh M Elsanadi MD Inc
Soheila S Khajavi MD
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Orange County Health Care Agcy
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St Miriam Medical Clinic
Irvine Behavioral Medical Group
UCI Child Development Center
UCI Child Development Center
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Lesley A Macarthur MD
Elahe Sagart MD LLC
Kenneth Sokolski MD
Michael S Tramell MD
Amen Clinics Inc
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Don F De Francisco MD
Amen Clinics Inc
Larry F Greenberg MD
Amen Clinics Inc
Amen Clinics Inc
Stephen A Hockenbury MD
Amen Clinics Inc
Piper Lillehof MD
Superior Psychiatric Services
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Pharmacology Research Institute
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AIM Medical Center
Alan D Vu MD
David M Davis MD Inc
Raafat W Girgis MD
Insightful Minds
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Family Healing Center
Prithpal Singh MD
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Pacific Neuropsychiatric Specs
Pacific Neuropsychiatric Specs
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Nicole Poliquin MD Bhv Mnt Hlth
Nicole Poliquin MD Bhv Mnt Hlth
Laguna Beach, California
Generalized anxiety disorder facts
Other Related Anxiety Articles
Emergency Contact for Laguna Beach
Nearby Laguna Beach Hospitals *
Mission Hospital Laguna Beach
Saddleback Memorial Medical Ctr
CHOC Children's At Mission
Mission Hospital
Hoag Hospital Irvine
Newport Bay Hospital
Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyte
College Hospital Costa Mesa
Saddleback Memorial Medical Ctr
Fairview Developmental Center
Coastal Communities Hospital
Newport Specialty Hospital
Healthsouth Tustin Rehab Hosp
Fountain Valley Regional Hosp
Orange Coast Memorial Med Ctr
Western Medical Center
Huntington Beach Hospital
Kindred Hospital Of Santa Ana
Chapman Medical Center
Healthbridge Children's Hosp
St Joseph Hospital Of Orange
CHOC Children's Hospital Orange
Garden Grove Hospital & Med Ctr
UCI Medical Center
Kindred Hospital-Westminster
Western Medical Center Anaheim
Orange Cnty Anaheim Med Cntr
Anaheim Regional Medical Center
Anaheim General Hospital
West Anaheim Medical Center
Placentia Linda Hospital
Los Alamitos Medical Center
VA Long Beach Healthcare
Corona Regional Rehabilitation
La Palma Intercommunity Hosp
St Jude Medical Center
Corona Regional Medical Center
Anaheim General Hospital
Tri-City Regional Medical CT
Community Hospital Long Beach
Kindred Hospital-Brea
St Mary Medical Center
Kindred Hospital La Mirada
Redgate Mem Recvry Ctr
Long Beach Memorial Medical Ctr
Miller Children's Hosp Lng Bch
College Hospital Cerritos
Pacific Hospital Of Long Beach
Norwalk Community Hospital
Lakewood Regional Medical Ctr
Bellflower Medical Center
Riverside Medical Center
California Institution For Men
Fedl Correctional Institution
La Casa Mental Health Center
Metropolitan State Hospital
Whittier Hospital & Medical Ctr
Coast Plaza Hospital
Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton
Inland Valley Medical Center
Lapaz At Paramount
Promise Hospital Of East LA
Canyon Ridge Hospital
Kaiser Permanente Medical Ctr
Parkview Community Hospital
Little Company Of Mary Hospital
Presbyterian Intercommunity
Fallbrook Hospital
Peninsula Recovery Center
Downey Regional Medical Center
Chino Valley Medical Center
Kaiser Permanente Mdcl Ctr
Rancho Los Amigos Hospital
Rancho Springs Medical Center
Catalina Island Medical Center
*Provider Directory Terms of Use:
The WebMD 'Provider Directory' is provided by WebMD for use by the general public as a quick reference of information about Providers. The Provider Directory is not intended as a tool for verifying the credentials, qualifications, or abilities of any Provider contained therein. Inclusion in the Provider Directory does not imply recommendation or endorsement nor does omission in the Provider Directory imply WebMD disapproval.


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adjective un·com·mon \ˌən-ˈkä-mən\
: not often found, seen, or experienced
: not ordinary : remarkable or exceptional
Full Definition of UNCOMMON
: not ordinarily encountered : unusual <an uncommon plant>
: remarkable, exceptional <a soldier of uncommon courage>
— un·com·mon·ly adverb
— un·com·mon·ness \-mən-nəs\ noun
See uncommon defined for English-language learners
See uncommon defined for kids
Examples of UNCOMMON
- It is not uncommon for people to become depressed after they retire.
- an athlete with uncommon ability
- a soldier of uncommon courage
- She is an uncommon woman.
First Known Use of UNCOMMON
circa 1576
Related to UNCOMMON
- Synonyms
- aberrant, aberrated, abnormal, anomalous, atypical, especial, exceeding, extraordinaire, extraordinary, freak, odd, peculiar, phenomenal, preternatural, rare, singular, exceptional, uncustomary, unique, unusual, unwonted
- Antonyms
- common, customary, normal, ordinary, typical, unexceptional, unextraordinary, usual
See Synonym Discussion at infrequent
Learn More About UNCOMMON
Next Word in the Dictionary: uncommunicablePrevious Word in the Dictionary: uncommittedAll Words Near: uncommon
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17 Annual: June 11, 2015 to June 14, 2015
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The residents of the Campa Cola Society are worried about their future, as the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) continues its effort to demolish the building. After doggedly keeping out civic teams standing by to demolish their illegal flats, Campa Cola residents on Sunday said after a meeting with the chief minister that they would co-operate with the authorities. Members of the group who returned from the meeting with Prithviraj Chavan said he had assured to help them and they felt relieved.
BMC had earlier given a May 2 deadline to the residents by which the residents failed to evict their homes.
LIVE updates:
* BMC officials start the process of disconnecting electricity, gas, and water of around 90 illegal flats in the Campa Cola compound. Assistant Municipal Commissioner of G-South Ward Keshav Ubale, informed that the demolition drive was being conducted peacefully. "There has been no confrontation with the residents. The drive has begun peacefully, and it may take us a couple of days to complete the process," he said. Read more
Campa Cola Compound case : BMC officials cut power connections pic.twitter.com/7aisOFfx2S
— ANI (@ANI_news) June 23, 2014
* Of the illegal flats that will have their utility sevices cut off, one of them belongs to renowned singer Lata Mangeshkar, informs dna reporter on ground Eknath Manke. The singer owns a flat on the 8th floor of Esha Ekta apartments, one of the seven buildings in the Campa Cola compounds, he said.
Earlier, this month the playback singer had come out in support of residents of the Campa Cola housing society whose illegally constructed flats are set to be razed, terming the move as "unjust". "I want to say only one thing to the Maharashtra government with regards the Campa Cola compound. If the homes of these residents are razed, thousands of people will be rendered homeless, that includes children and senior citizens," the Bharat Ratna awardee tweeted. Read more
Namaskar.campa cola compound case ke baare mein main Maharashtra government se ek hi baat kehena (cont) http://t.co/GyVwqhruDq
— latamangeshkar (@mangeshkarlata) June 9, 2014
* BJP leader Shaina NC questions BMC for targeting Campa Cola Society
BJP leader Shaina NC on Monday questioned the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation's (BMC) move to target the Campa Cola Society in Mumbai, when there were 56,000 other illegal buildings in the city. "The irony of this situation is that as all the action is taken against Campa Cola, even now after being given an assurance that if the utilities are cut out, even then, the 67000 permissible FSI will be with the residents, the question that still remains in the residents' mind is that why only Campa Cola Society when there are 56000 buildings like this in the city if Mumbai," said Shaina. Read more
* Campa Cola residents hopeful of Prithviraj Chavan's assurance before arrival of BMC
Ahead of the arrival of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) officials, the residents of Campa Cola Compound expressed hope upon the assurance of Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan, who said that after allowing BMC to cut power, water and gas supply the next step will be taken in their favor. In a bid to end 18 month long battle, the Campa Cola residents yesterday took a step of cooperation towards the system and agreed upon disconnecting power, water and gas supplies from their house. The step was taken with a hope that if they go with the system instead of going against it they might get some positive result. Read more
Campa Cola residents end resistance after meeting with Prithviraj Chavan
After doggedly keeping out civic teams standing by to demolish their illegal flats, Campa Cola residents on Sunday said after a meeting with the chief minister that they would co-operate with the authorities. Members of the group who returned from the meeting with Prithviraj Chavan said he had assured to help them and they felt relieved. "We have been assured that no irreversible damage would be caused to our flats and that the state government will think positively on the case on compassionate grounds provided we co-operate with the civic authorities and allow them to act according to the orders of the Supreme Court. We have about 67,000 sq ft that can be salvaged and the state government, BMC and residents can together come up with a way to save it," said Vidya Srinivas, a resident. Read more
ALSO READ: Built on sand: Blame the State and not Campa Cola residents
It is possible some of the buyers were aware of the exact situation, certainly. But given the circumstances, it is equally plausible that they were not. The real estate sector in Maharashtra as a whole runs on a jugaad principle; it is understood that permissions are negotiable and municipal corporations are always open for business. The severe shortage of affordable housing further cuts into buyer agency. As a result, there are 56,000 illegal buildings in Mumbai, as perthe BMC. Sister city Thane has over 1,100 illegal or irregular buildings while the Pimpri-Chinchwad-Pune metro region has anywhere from 65,000 to 80,000 such structures. Read more
Campa Cola residents file mercy petition to President in view of BMC officials readying to demolish building
In the backdrop of the BMC officials visiting the Campa Cola building in its third day, there is a new twist to this fiasco with the residents submitting a mercy petition to the President to come up with solutions and political leaders from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) sympathising with the residents' demand. BJP leader Shaina NC said," The BMC officials have to do what they need to do. But there are cases where a woman just fainted, a senior citizen wants to commit suicide. Four people have died, six people are in the hospital. There needs to be a humanitarian plea. The culprits are the builders and the BMC officials thirty years back and you are penalising these residents today." Read more
Emotional appeals won't work now, says deputy civic chief in Campa Cola case
In what seems like a tactic to 'tire out' residents of Campa Cola Compound, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) on Saturday repeated its 'go slow' approach during its drive to bring down illegal flats in the residential buildings. Even on the second day of the drive, BMC did not disconnect electricity and gas connections of the 90-odd unauthorised flats after residents continued to resist municipality's action. Like on Friday, BMC tried to engage the protesters in dialogue, asking them to let the authorities enter the premises and carry out demolition. While BMC's communicative approach did not yield result during the two-and-a-half hour struggle to begin the drive, it collected evidence — photographs and video grabs of protesters —to substantiate its case of contempt on part of residents. Read more
* Faced with strong opposition by the residents of Campa Cola, BMC officials wer forced to leave the spot for the day. They have, however, filed a police complaint against the residents for not allowing them to go ahead with the demolition drive as per court orders.
* A police complaint has been lodged against the residents of the Campa Cola compoud, for not allowing the BMC workers to proceed with the court ordered demolition of illegal flats.
Campa Cola case: Complaint filed against defiant residents
In face of increasing resistance to eviction from Campa Cola compound residents, the civic body here has filed a police complaint against those preventing officials from implementing the Supreme Court order even as its team has decided to try again to convince the occupants to leave the illegal flats today before opting for use of force. According to Worli police, the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) officials approached the cops late last evening armed with the video recording of their thwarted attempts yesterday to enter the housing complex in South Mumbai to cut off essential supplies to illegal flats. "The MCGM approached us late last night and filed a complaint against the residents of the Society. They have also provided us with the video footage of their attempts to enter the compound, which was blocked by the residents," an official from Worli police station told. Read more
* Campa Cola may file fresh application; counsel seeks time
Retreating from its stand that Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) had no say in issuance of deemed conveyance of land and buildings to its six societies, the Campa Cola Housing Society, Worli has said it was willing to consider filing fresh application before Registrar of Societies making the civic body a party. On Friday, counsel for the society Prasad Dhakephalkar sought time before Bombay high court to seek instructions from his clients on whether they were willing to file fresh application making MCGM and Pure Drinks Pvt Ltd, which had leased the land from the corporation, a party. Read more
* BMC goes slow on Day 1 of Campa demolition drive
BMC and the Mumbai police went slow on Friday, the first day of the former's drive to demolish illegal flats in Worli's Campa Cola Compound. They didn't cut gas and electricity connections, citing resistance by residents. BMC said disconnecting electricity and gas supply to unauthorised flats could not be undertaken as the residents blocked entry points to the buildings and refused to budge despite a Supreme Court (SC) order in this regard, amounting to contempt. Read more
* Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan rules out legislation to save Campa Cola
Making it clear that his Government would not save Campa Cola building, Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan on Friday said that Government would not legislate for a single building. Replying to criticism by BJP state unit resident Devendra Fadanavis that Government did not do anything in six month's time given by the Court, Chief Minister Chavan said that the resident knew that it is unauthorised and after the matter reached High Court and Supreme Court, it was ruled in 2013 that the illegal flats would be demolished. He pointed out that the Supreme Court also has stated in its order that no state authority should intervene in this matter and carry out demolition. Read more
ALSO READ: If Prithviraj Chavan can overturn SC's bar dancer judgment, why not Campa Cola?
Why isn't the Chief Minister of State Prithviraj Chavan trying to help the residents on humanitarian grounds? According to the residents, if Chavan wants he can seek opinions and help from the Attorrney General or the Solicitor General on the issue. But no such move has been made as of yet. READ MORE
* BMC officials arrive at Campa Cola once again to knock down flats
Brihan Mumbai Corporation (BMC) officials once again arrived at the Campa Cola compound to carry out the demolition of the flats even as the residents are strongly resisting the move to raze their homes to the ground. The residents again blocked the entrance to the compound and folded hands in front of BMC officials to not demolish their flats.
BMC officials have returned to the Campa Cola compound with requests to the protesting residents to allow them to implement the court order. Keeping their approach non-aggressive, the BMC has also confirmed that they may take matter to the court alleging contempt of court. READ MORE
Residents protest as BMS team reach Campa Cola Compound again pic.twitter.com/9M5Y4XEj6P
— ANI (@ANI_news) June 20, 2014
* The BMC is expected to file a contempt of court petition against the Campa Cola residents after they blocked the civic authorities from entering the society to carry out the eviction of illegal flats, which are to be demolished as per the Supreme Court order.
* BMC officials have left the Campa Cola compud after residence put up a strong resistance against the scheduled demolitions. The BMC officials requested the residence and supporters to allow them into the complex, considering the final decision was Supreme Court order. The BMC will bow decide further course of action after speaking with senior officials as well and the Mumbai police. They are likely to return with additional police force.
* Mumbai civic officials, residents face off at Campa Cola society
17 days after the Supreme Court rejected a petition by the residents against its earlier order asking them to vacate the flats, officials of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) reached the complex along with the police to cut power, water and piped gas supply to the illegal flats. However, they were prevented by slogan-shouting residents of the Campa Cola Housing Society in upscale Worli, who closed the iron gates and placed bamboo poles to prevent them from entering. "After issuing notices to the residents of Campa Cola under Section 488 of the MCGM Act, the deadline for the residents to vacate their flats has ended today. We have only come to cut off the water, electric and gas supply of the residents," an MCGM official present at the site said. Read more
* Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan has ruled out state intervention in the Campa Cola issue
Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan on Monday said the state government will not intervene in the Campa Cola building issue as the Supreme Court has not given any relief to residents of the society against demolition of their illegal flats. "The government is unable to provide relief to the Campa Cola residents as the Supreme Court has refused to grant any relief to the residents who had moved the court against their eviction," Chavan told reporters here. Read more
ALSO READ: If Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan can go against Supreme Court to ban dance bars, why can't he do the same for Campa homes?
* Additional Commissioner of Police Madhukar Pandey arrives at Campa Cola compound to assess the situation.
* Campa Cola residents perform 'havan' blocking entry to BMC officials for demolition
The residents of Campa Cola Compound in Mumbai's Worli protested outside the building as the officials of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) arrived at the compound to carry out the demolition. BMC will begin the eviction process today by disconnecting power, water and gas supplies to the illegal flats. The residents though have barricaded the compound to prevent the officials from disconnecting the power supply. Read more
* South Mumbai MP Arvind Sawant, Shaina NC, and Mangal Prabhat Lodha arrive at the Campa Cola compound in solidarity of the residents
* RPI (Athavale) workers have been detained by the Mumbai Police, following demonstrations in support of the residents.
* Urban Development minister M Venkaiah Naidu spoke on the Campa Cola Compound issue, stating, "What can we do? Matter is in the court and in advanced stages. Our sympathies are with the residents."
* Campa Cola Compound residents fold hands and pray to BMC officials
Campa Cola Compound residents fold hands and pray to BMC officials pic.twitter.com/kItevNOv0C
— ANI (@ANI_news) June 20, 2014
* Campa Cola residents perform 'havan' before arrival of BMC staff
Ahead of a possible face-off between the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) authorities and the Campa Cola Society in Worli, worried residents performed a fire ritual on Friday. The BMC is supposed to begin the building's demolition today, by disconnecting power, water and gas supplies to all illegal flats. The BMC had earlier given a May 2 deadline to the residents. Residents had then stood their ground and did not move out. Read more
BMC readies its hammer, Campa Cola residents worry for their elderly
The BMC on Thursday reiterated that it will file a contempt petition before the Supreme Court (SC) if any resident comes in the way of its demolition of illegal flats in Worli's Campa Cola compound. It, however, ruled out possibility of forcible eviction. The demolition drive begins on Friday. BMC will undertake the drive to raze around 96 flats as per the SC order following its observation of FSI violations across seven buildings in the compound. The court's order was passed in February 2013, while the breather given to the residents concerned ended on May 31 this year. "We are going to start the demolition tomorrow. We are going to file a contempt petition if the residents resist our action. To support our claim, we will also videograph the drive. We do not intend to forcibly evict residents. There will be a dialogue with them, but we won't use force," additional municipal commissioner Mohan Adtani said. Read more
Supreme Court decision dashes last hopes of Campa Cola residents
The Supreme Court's dismissal of the Campa Cola residents' plea on Tuesday against demolition of the illegal flats in the society, has left them dejected. Several residents are left with no option but to start packing their belongings. "As of now, we have decided to pack our belongings and move to the tents that we will be putting up behind our society. Depending on the BMC's next plan of action, we will decide when to move there," said Vidya Srinivas, a member of the society. Read more
Campa Cola residents meet police chief Rakesh Maria, complain of harassment
Residents of Campa Cola Compound on Wednesday called city police chief Rakesh Maria, complaining about alleged harassment on the part of Worli cops. The residents alleged harassment and expressed apprehension at being detained before BMC's demolition drive, set to begin on June 20. More than 90 flats in the compound are set to be razed following a Supreme Court (SC) order in this regard. The apex court had last year ordered BMC to bring down the flats due to FSI violation. "We called on Maria on Wednesday afternoon to communicate about the harassment. We have been subject to the treatment since last week. They summoned four of the residents to the police station and asked us to report. The policemen can be seen at the Compound and they call on residents at odd hours. This has left residents a scared lot, without any reason," said a resident wishing anonymity. Read more
ALSO READ: Demolition of illegal Campa Cola flats in Mumbai to be filmed
The demolition of illegal flats in Campa Cola compound beginning June 20 will be filmed and used as proof against the residents if they offer resistance, the city's municipal body said on Tuesday. "We will be video-recording the entire demolition process, which we will carry out from June 20, so that it can be used as proof against residents in the Supreme Court if they stop us from performing our duties," Mohan Adtani, additional municipal commissioner said. Read more


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A special limited edition of Moleskine notebooks—the choice of Picasso and Hemingway and Bruce Chatwin's constant travelling companion for notes and sketches—has been produced to celebrate 100 years of Grand Hotel Tremezzo.
The hotel logo stands out on the black cover, with its characteristic rounded corners, enclosed by an elastic band. Timeless and beautifully elegant, this classic niche stationery item, elite and nonconformist, is as legendary and unmistakable today as it was a century ago. Synonymous with culture, travel, imagination, memory and personal identity… just like our hotel.
The special Grand Hotel Tremezzo edition, its velvet ivory pages ready to receive sketches, notes and ideas, is available from our shop and online.