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Reflections on the nature and significance of the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations
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Date Created (original)
March 25, 1958
J. Howell Atwood Papers (box 4, folder 22)
Date Digital
by Arthur J. Dibden
(The basis of an address on March 25, 1958, to members of District III
of the Illinois Welfare Association in the Parish Hall of the First
Lutheran Church, Galesburg, Illinois)
Introduction [underlined]
One of our common human delights is to "talk shop". And I anticipate
that discussion in this setting of <some> aches and pains encountered in my
association of four years as a member and three as chairman with the
Galesburg Commission on Human Relations, might promote a sense of com
radeship and invoke a sense of belonging. It also permits me a fresh
recital of what may be an old story to those serving one's daily audience.
In "talking shop" with you I wish not only to refer to the sad, hard
facts of our life', however, but also to lift up certain satisfactions
and insights. If it be a frequent human pleasure--and weakness--to
dwell on the gory details of "my operation", or some equivalent troubles,
it is also a human habit to speak gloWingly of attainments of "my son",
or some equivalent triumph. Merely to portray our pains would be
unjustifiable lament. There is self-pride in people as well as self-
pity. Thus I would also "talk shop" about certain pleasures and
prospects of our CommiSSion.
But my eventual aim is a little deeper than that of a candid
recital of pains and pleasures. I want to discuss the Galesburg
Commission on Human Relations as a case study in the operation of
a voluntary citizens group having some public status and dealing with
important but touchy issues of human relations in our community life.
And I want to ask what wisdom might be gained from reflectioh on our
Commission's aches and achievements, its hopes and defeats, its internal
mediations and its public stance.
Now if this language and phrasing Beems to promise rather rough
going ahead, and if my manner of being both symathetlc and detached
seems a little odd, I shall merely retort by asking if you would not
expect me to speak not only as a member of a social agency but also as
a member of my profession. BY profession I am neither preacher, business
man,nor trained social worker. I am a college teacher. And worst of
all, I am a teacher of philosophy. Consequently, the second major clue
I shall provide in this Introduction concerning the development of my
theme is that both as a speaking device and also as a bow to my academic
habits I shall begin to outline the nature of the Galesburg Commission
on Human Relations by use of some categories of Aristotle, the famous
Greek philosopher who died in 322 B.C. Aristotle thought there were
four perspectives we need to explore in order to understand something.
And my immediate purpose is to help you understand our Commission.
On the Nature of the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations [underlined]
Old professor Aristotle suggested that the perspectives we should
have in order to interpret an organic object would consider the genesis,
the matter, the form, and the purpose. In English translation these
categories are called the efficient cause, the material cause, the formal
cause, and the final cause. Applied to the creation of a statue, for
example, they could respectively be transformed into the artist; the
stuff (such as bronze or marble); the type or character portrayed--such
as horse, hero, god; and the purpose or goal. As a teacher who has
occassionally disturbed students by using these categories to illustrate
the complexity of interpretation, I shall here employ them to describe
the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations.
First, the efficient cause--or the agents and makers of the
Commission. In our modern language this means asking about the founders
and the history. As far as I have discovered, and these remarks are
but echoes of a history which a member of our Comnission is writing,
the origins of our agency go back to an inter-raclal group organized
in Galesburg in 1944 and headed by the Rev. Alan Jenkins. The inception
of this group was apparently the result not only of local recognition
of a public need but also of war-time efforts emanating from the
governor's office in Springfield to consolidate our resources and to
lessen inter-racial friction. At any rate the members soon discovered
they needed to broaden the base; and on February 18, 1946 the Galesburg
Brotherhood Commission was formed. Its organizat10n and membership
were confirmed by the mayor and city council. The 21 members were to
reflect as far as possible the various ethnic, religious, occupational,
and other groups of the city of Galesburg. The present Commission is a
direct outgrowth of that Brotherhood Commission. About ten years 1ater,
on April 16, 1956, the city council and mayor of Galesburg approved a
slightly revised constitution and confirmed the membership and our new
name. The name of the Commission was changed partly to correspond with
the title of our corresponding state agency--the Illinois Commission
on Human Relations, and partly in recognition that our bastc interests
were indeed with human relations . The shapers or "efficient causes"
of the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations have thus been concerned
citlzens and receptive city officials. Representative of the concerned
citizens have been the persons holding the chairmanship of the Commission--
a high school teacher, a professional worker, a business man, a college
teacher, a lawyer, a minister, a high school teacher, and a
college teacher.
Second, the "material cause", or in our language the "stuff" of
which the Commission is made. The answer here is very Simple. The
Commission is composed of people. More accurately, it is composed of
people With worries about current tensions and dreams of a better day.
Except when installed to fill a resignation, each member is to serve
three years. The members are nominated by the Commission at the annual
meeting in April and are officially confirmed by the mayor and city
council. Comprising the stuff or material of our Commi ssion, therefore,
are citizens, moral sensitivity, public needs, official recognition,
and whatever civic status is received.
Third, the equivalent of Aristotle's "informal cause" is our
organizational structure as a voluntary civic agency operating in the
areas of actual human relations and potential friction between racial
and religious and other groups. If I were more of an experienced
observer or perhaps a professor of sociology, I would attempt to indicate
What this type of agency implies; for I am sure that many of its character
istics of enthusiasm and retreat, of good will and sporadic action, have
been displayed by similar organizations throughout the nation.
Fourth, the "final cause", or the purpose, of the Galesburg Commission
on Human Relations could be answered by a reference to Section V of its
"2. The duties of the Commission are to work as an (1) investigative,
(2) consultative, (3) cooperative, (4) educational and promotional,
and (5) advisory agency in the promotion of harmonious human relations
in the life of our community and in the preservation of human
rights under laW.
"Thus the Commission shall investigate the inter-group
tenSions and specific cases of racial or religious or other
serious discrimination in this community. It shall seek to
use its availability as consultant to bring about better
understanding and Justice between disputant ethnic or
religious factions within our community. It shall cooperate
with local agencies and authorities in the lawful preserva
tion of human rights. It may sponsor public occasions
designated to ameliorate community tenSions, to foster
harmony, and to educate members of the community in our
democratic rights and responsibilities. It may recommend
executive and/or legislative action to the mayor and the
city council. It shall be available as an advisory board
to the mayor and the city council."
This statement of the permissible and possible goals indicates the
areas of attention. These are the words which appear on paper. Our
stated aim is to defend and promote harmonious relations among distinctive
groups of the City.
But there is nearly always another purpose served by agencies
such as ours. I refer to practical or psychological needs being
met in some fashion by the way an agency actually functions in context.
And for us this functional purpose is that of being a symbol and outlet
for the voice of the oppressed and for the affiliation of the concerned
and yet of being an ineffective outlet and an inept affiliation. Suoh
a goal is not explicitly stated nor is it even consciously assumed. But
that it is there could be discovered if one could only bring to awareness
the thoughts and hesitations of many good people connected With the
Commission. On the one hand, their sense of fair play, their tolerance,
their belief in brotherhood, their feelings about the rights of citizens,
and perhaps their religious convictions all serve to bring the good
people of this City to expression of public responsibility and even to
the edge of positive action. On the other hand, the American tradi tion
of being "practical", a conservative reluctance to undergo the emotional
turmoil which conflicting groups occasionally engender, the dislike of
being a fool reformer always going around tilting at windmillls, and even
on occasional fear that important people in business or politics might
not like "things stirred up too much" all combine to promote plans and
inquiries which get stuck in the sands of sloth or mired in the mud of
fear or never even get going because of the inSUbstantial power of
ineffective good Will.
Now I have already gone farther than I expected. My intention was
to use these categories of Aristotle's as a way of descrlbing our
history and personnel and organization and goals. But I have already
turned to appraisal. Let me theorefore confront head-on the question of
the value of the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations. And I would
like to do this by employing another device of a teacher--that of giving
"pro" and "con" arguments for its worth.
The Possible Case Against the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations [underlined]
I'll begin by noting some of the negatlve perspectives or questions
which may be brought to consideration of the place and worth of the
Galesburg Commission on Human Relations. What arguments could be
raised against its organization and activities?
One of the first things that people may mention is that they never
have heard of the Commission. In this remark they may be confessing
not just their ignorance but may also be implying that perhaps the
Commission is weak and inept, that it does not do [underlined] anything, and that
these are ample reasons why no one ever hears about it. It is a fact
there was little mention of our agency as another of the reasons for
receipt of an All-American award in Galesburg.
Some of these criticisms may be true. We are a voluntary group;
our regular meetings are monthly; the members are usually busy persons
Who can give little extra time to the humdrum investigations some times
necessary; and there is little of the regular secretarial and administra-
tive work which may be required if this Commission were to perform a
continuous and effective operation. The Comnission is wlth0ut real legal
and financial power. We have no paid staff, no regular place of meetlng.
And in our society an agency without an office is like a man Without a
country! We possess no instruments except good W111 and intelligence
for dealing with difficult problems, such as lack or loss of employment
by a member of a minority group, the development of new homes for
minority groups, or the growth of those common courtesies which ladies
and gentlemen will extend to all members of the human race. And perhaps
our Commission suffers the additional burden of attracting as members
those who feel at home in committee meetlngs, where talk and qUiet
prevail, but ill at ease in community encounters where a certain roughness
and raucousness may reign.
Thus, to some, the Commission seems to be a waiting agency. It
eXists partly on paper, partly in regular meetings, but mostly on the
sidelines. If some social crises developed in the area of race or
religion, then the Commission is at least available and it might act
ad mediator and reconciler. But if its members have not had concrete
experience in dealing with social tensions and in knOWing how to handle
angry tempers or how to apply appropriate pressures when verbal persuasion
does not solve a crisis, they may not be quite adequate to make the
transition from dreamy paSSivity to direct action.
Because of these features and tendenciesp the Commission has little
place in the public eye. If it does make an appeal, only a few will
hear it and perhaps even fewer will listen seriously. Many persons
in our city will no doubt express agreement With our goals. But they
might not agree With the Commission's attempts--should there be such-
to cut down on prejudices in eating establishments, or to increase the
practice of merit employment, or to urge hiring a Negro or a Latin
American When, like Branch Rickey with Jackie Robinson, the employer
would be conspicuous and--worst of all--would be called a "do-gooder".
If you have been listening to this tale of woe and have been relating
the items mentioned to your own experience, you might become philosophIcal
enough to suggest that the Commission may indeed be an imperfect instrument
and an occasionally ineffective agency, but that weaknesses lie not in
the Commission alone. The trouble resides in the community at large.
Who has not sought some better and braver world for city or state or
nation only to find the road made hard by the inertia, the uncertainities,
the insecurities, the anxieties, and the distrust of people? Our social
habits and our human nature are tough obstacles to overcome. A person
may often work hard for a specific thing within reach. He may seek and
get a new business contact, a book to read, friends, a garden to hoe,
a new job. But he may find it difficult to be so direct and so specific
in working for better human relations, or merit employmentp or housing
for minority groups, or continuance of faith in the decency of our
fellow men. Our democratic ideal are frequently honored in speech;
they are more difficult to hohor in action.
And the life of the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations is a
pertinent example of that problem....Such might be the case against the
The Case for the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations [underlined]
Let us now look at the positive side. What arguments can be presented
on behalf of the worth and function of the Galesburg Commission on Human
First, it is appropriate to note some of the accomplishments. There
have been [underlined] investigations of chrages of discrimination in recreational, eating; and bUSiness establishments. Perhaps no great advances have
been made. No employer has publicly declared that he is now committed
to merit hiring because of the persuasions of the committee. Yet
individuals have had a chance to air their complaints. And the people
accused or pointed to have had a chance to reply. Moreover, in the
course of our contacts we have learned some encouraging features. As
a result of a recommendation from the Commission, a Galeburg factory
Was one of five Illinois firms to receiVe a 1956 Human Relations Award
from Governor Stratton. And last year six employers who have small
work forces were commended by letter from the Commission for their
good employment practices. These and other activities are not given
publicity. The fact that no one knows about the Commission may be a
good sign that many of its small triumphs have been achieved by face-to
face encounter and by the persuasions of common sense, and thus did
not need to be forced into the open.
Furthermore, the Commission can list among its accomplishments
several educational projects, ranging from workshops for discussion
of work and school possibilities for minority groups, to plans for
the celebration of Brotherhood Week in February, to radio programs
sUmmarizing problems and advances in brotherhood, to speeches about
these matters to various groups. A recent project is the compilation
of a directory of social service agencies and human relatlons resources.
Secondly, I would point out that any assumption that our Commission
should [underlined] be totally effective in its aims is in error. For one thing,
there are several other agencies or organizatlons--civic, state, federal,
recreational, fraterna, religious--that are committed to some kind of
work in human relations. They should have a place in the sun! Our
Commission was given no charter for monopoly on civic virtue. For
another thing, if we wish to preserve our democratic credo and our
semi-independent ways, we should become suspicious of any group which,
even in theorY, would seek sufficient power and position to mold
our total lives so that we would have [underlined] to become better persons and a happy
society. If we reject that prospect for others, We should deny it in
our own pretensions. Pessimism about progress can be reduced by realism
about possibilities.
Thirdly, I would speak on behalf of the Commission--and of all
agencies having a similar base and function--because of its theme of
human relations and its place as a oivic agency.
The importance of the area of human relations is obvious. It is
the importance of the way we live together, the way we think about each
other, the way we react toward each other. Whether in the home or school
or church, whether at work or play, our human relations affect our lives.
We live With, against, and in each other. Improvement of human relations
in any of the circles of <our> lives is likely to bring improvement of human
relations throughout the Whole community. Moreover, we should never
forget our common membership in the human race. And all of us should
remember the ancient playwright Who said, "Nothing human is alien to me".
Our usual attention in the Commission is given to inter-racial matters.
But those problems are but part of the fact that we are all humans
living in the same community. To be able to contribute something,
along with other agencies, to the enrichment of our human relations is
a sufficient justification for our existence.
The importance of being a civic agency is perhaps not as obVious.
I would therefore stress the fact. The significance of the Commission's
civic status can be illustrated by a reference to a local organization
which has gained more publicity than the Commission in dealing with
city problems: the Galesburg Council of Churches. This Council is
alert to civic issues, and has often gone on record in striving for
city improvements. But ask these questions. Are the Roman Catholic
clergy and congregations in organic communication with the Council?
So far as I know, they are not. Are Jewish leaders and their congregations
in organic communication with the Council? So far as I know, they are
not. Are people with no church connections in this city and perhaps
Without any religious beliefs in organic communication with the Galesburg
Council of Churches? So far as I know, they are not. But are all
the member'S of these groups, and are all the members of the Council itself,
citizens of Galesburg? So far as I know, they are. Through what agency,
other than city government, can these diverse religious <and relatively non-religious groups> work on common problems
in city-wide human relations? There are several agencies
and clubs through which they might have their say as citizens organized
for the purpose. But one [underlined] organization already designed for them is the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations. There are also state and nation
al agencies through which people can channel their concerns and consoli
date their actions. But here in one [underlined] agency which is our own, born out
of local concern and devoted to our civic health....Such might be
the case for our Commission.
A Quest for Self Wisdom [underlined]
Perhaps a description of our agency and a summary of "pro" and "con"
opinions is en0ugh meat for one meal. But you may recall that I wanted
to discuss the Commission not only as a local agency but also as an il
lustration of a voluntary organization hoping to do good and encounter
ing human predicaments. What wisdom on human affairs can be gained from
such description and appraiSal? What markS of the human situation are
revealed in our concerns and conundrums?
Observation of the many social affiliations that pull and push for
attention today stiffens One of my convictions. I believe our whole
society needs a re-affirmation of the sense of civic responsibility and
civic enjoyment. We ought to think of ourselves not just as church mem
bers, club members, family members, workerS or professional people but
also aS citizens. [underlined] We need to see more clearly the significance of the
aim of the "founding fathers" to build one natlon, with liberty and jus-
tice for all. It is true that some pioneers first landed on eastern
shores to find their God in freedom. But it is also true that others
came to find fish or gold. And it has remained true that this "melting
pot" of nations in spite of modern movements toward conformity has not
produced a massive uniformity, has not settled on a single line of reli
gion or politics or ethics. We live in a nation which philosophers and
sociologists describe as pluralistic. That flexibility can be a problem.
Many people today seek their echo in joinlng clubs or churches or frater
nities which presumably exhibit some kind of agreement in creed or atti
tude or perhaps color. And all men apparently do need the sense of be
longing. No one is anyone, says an old proverb, unless he stands in
right relations with someone. However pleasant and helpful these vari
ous affiliations can be, in their separateness they can lead to division.
Deny the creed, offend the prevailing beliefs, present a strange color-
and out you may go. One common basis within our pluralisms remains-
our humanity and our citizenship. Here is common ground to which we
should return again and again in working upon our common problems.
In 1957 members of the Commission had a half-hour radio program in
which they summarized some of the achievements in brotherhood made the
previous month in Galesburg. During the discussion one panel member men-
tioned a point worth repeating. It is that all of us, in some area of
our lives, are in a minority. As white people, we are in a minority
compared to all the people in the world who are colored. As Protestants
or Catholics or Jews, we are in a minority compared With all the other
religions of the world. As teachers or plumbers or lawyers or social
workers, we are in a minority when our vocation is compared With all
the other vocations of the world. But in one area in the world we be
long to a majority--we are human beings. And in this country, provided
We have met the requirements of birth or legality, We have an additional
common basis: we are citizens. A re-awakening to that heritage and
responsibility would give balance and direction to many of our current
problems, from Little Rock, Arkansas, to Washington, D. C.; from the
city of Galesburg to the state of Illinois. It would add stability
to our multiplicity and bring art to government.
I do not know the future of the Galesburg Commission on Human Re
lations. I am not sure how much we should try to expand our activities
and receive more publicity. I am sometimes puzzled about the best way
to recruit new members who will faithfully and vitally perform their
three-year "tour of duty" as local ci tizens performing a civic obliga
tion. I am sometimes a little despondent about our slowness and our
weakness. It seems obvious that our members seldom will express that
concerted and continuous enthusiasm displayed by the Chamber of Commerce
in seeking new industry, or by any eager business man seeking a fast
buck. Nor, in all liklihood, Will our members express that evangelical
devotion which may characterize a church in seeking new members or build
ing a new edifice. Our Commission members hardly expect public honor;
they make no money; they may spend many hours in What could seem the Us-
ual busy-work of committee meetings. Their main support, theoretically
speaking, is that of principle. They believe, or should believe, in the
value of justice'and freedom. But to live mainly by allegiance to prin
ciple, especially when action on that principle can disturb one's friends
and neighbors, is a demand which Americans--which any people--find hard
to bear.
Yet of one thing I am sure. It is [umderlined] important to affirm our common
humanity. It is [umderlined] necessary to seek channels other than voting for the allegiances of our common citizenship in an American city or state or
in our nation. It is [umderlined] a requirement of our future national and local health
that all of us learn that it is possible to dislike another's beliefs,
criticize his ignorance, disagree with his politics, and still join to-
gether as responsible Citizens. This is a lesson which our Commission
In the midst of the complex problems and almost immovable obstacles
that confront it, and in comparison with other agencies--governmental,
educational, vocational--which contribute to the civic health of a
community, the Galesburg Commission on Human Relations may be a thin
reed indeed. It is only as strong--and as weak--as the imagination
and good Will and intelligence and courage of its members. It is only
as effectlve--and as ineffective--as its own scattered energies and as
the understanding of the people and officials of Galesburg permit. It
is only as progressive as the love within the hearts of its members.
And I say this not only in an effort to present the frank truth about
the Commission but also because I believe its fraility and its potenti-
alities are indicative of the destiny of men of good will who may want
a brave new world, who may obtain public instruments and acknowledge-
ments, but who finally discover that much of the meaning both of their
aches and achievements resides within themselves. Can we develop within
ourselves those resources needed for the challenges of our common hum-
anity and citizenship? Wisdom about a possible answer is for me the
deeper significance of our existence as a Commission and [underlined] our lives as
human beings.
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Thursday night was West Point's toughest battle to date. The Green Wave hoops team came in, riding high, after last Tuesday's win over Houston.
Tupelo, however, had other plans for the Green Wave, as they pummeled them 90-57.
Deontaye Ewing, Tupelo's top scorer, put up 26 points in the game to pace his team's win.
The game was tight in the first quarter, with West Point keeping it to a four-point deficit in the first eight minutes. Tupelo led 19-15 after the first.
In the second, however, it was all Tupelo, as the Green Wave could not get much done on either side of the ball. Tupelo scored 20 to West Point's eight to make it 39-23 going into the half.
For the next two quarters, the Green Wave offense did well, scoring 19 in the third and 15 more in the fourth, but it was nothing compared to Tupelo's 26 in the third and 25 more in the final eight minutes of the game.
For West Point, LaQuante Gaston led the team with nine points. Willie Edwards had eight and Daryl Thomas had seven. Cortez Malone scored four and A.J. Jones scored a point in the game.

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I was having a conversation a while back with someone who worked for an international hotel chain and she told me that their hotels in Europe don't have alarm clocks in the rooms because Europeans – when they take their vacations – aren't all that interested in keeping track of what time it is. We Americans, on the other hand, seem to have a need to know.
Last Tuesday morning I was invited to the market in Vevey to meet and shop with celebrated chef Stéphane Décotterd of Le Pont de Brent. I guess I'm now European because when my alarm went off at 5:45am, I didn't really want to know what time it was either.


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Oclist. When using Server Core , you can use Oclist to review installed server rules Ocsetup. is used to add or remove installed rules for example "start / w ocsetup DHCPServerCore start / w ocsetup DHCPServerCore" Bcdedit. Bcdedit, supports a variety of command line parameters. To view the contents of the repository, use the command: "bcdedit / enum bcdedit / enum " Icacls. replaces former Cacls and Xacls allows you to view, update and back up (ACL) for files and directories. The Read more


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The 'Monty Hall Problem' Sam (can I call you Sam?) on page 86 of The Moral Landscape is a problem for me. I had to sign up and post it here.
Sam claims this scenario shows how people can be logically confused and irrational even when they clearly intend to choose the most rational/logical choice.
He describes the "Let's Make a Deal" game show and the idea that you're given the choice of 3 doors to choose from. One has a car behind it and two have a goat. In other words…one is a 'winner' and two are 'losers'.
He tells you you've chosen door #1 but instead it's revealed that door #2 has a goat—is a 'loser'. Since there are two loser doors, the show is eliminating one of them AND one choice.
You're now allowed to 'switch' from door #1 to door #3. Most people, as Sam points out, say that it's a 50/50 bet now so there's no reason to switch (or switching doesn't make any difference), but he claims you 'should' switch for a better chance.
He says it violates 'common intuition' to switch, but claims if you stick with door #1 your chances are 1 out of 3 but if you switch to door #3 your chances are 2 out of 3. This is all on Wikipedia if you want to look it up.
It's NOT true though that you'd switch to a 2 out of 3 chance. And it's not based on the grounds of 'common intuition'.
You start the game with a 1-in-3 chance of picking the winner. When you 'pick' door #1 (or ANY door), it doesn't count because they don't accept your pick. Because there are two losers, they can show you one of them without revealing if your attempted pick was the winner or not (door #2 in this case).
If door #2 had the car, by revealing it you'd simply lose the game—the end.
But because door #2 has a loser the game STARTS OVER.
You can 'stay or switch' from #1 to #3, but this is exactly the same as saying you can just choose #1 or #3. There is no more door #2 because it was revealed as a loser. So you now have, for a fact, a 50/50 chance now.
If you picked something and then the game again didn't accept the pick but changed the game again then all new odds would be created as the game once again started over. But this is beyond the scope of the scenario Sam presents.
In starting over, you do not know which door has the winner and you only have two choices. Your 'first pick' of door 1 was an illusion. You never actually picked it. It never counted. It's a flaw in semantics to call it a 'first pick' that then wrongly gets placed into an otherwise correct mathematical display of probability.
To have Harris use this flawed example to explain how other people use poor logic even when trying to think rationally becomes ironic and does damage to the points he tries to make.
I very much support the vast majority of what Sam says and wish I had the rhetorical skill he has so I could also be out there chopping down the irrational as surgically as he so often does.
But this book about the possibility of science based morality is a bit of a mess IMO and this Monty Hall Problem is just one little facet of it.
Note- I think his basic premise is probably true. That we should be looking to science to work on and develop the most appropriate paths based on facts to guide our moral lives. But so far his book isn't doing it.
I also highly recommend Richard Carriers 'Sense and Goodness Without God' which has addressed this same subject of a rationally-based morality several years ago. It's a bit collegiate and certainly dry, but actually lays out a path to rational morality whereas Sam seems to just keep saying that science should work on this issue. That's good, but there are actually lots of answers available now and Sam I'm sure could easily and brilliantly present them.
Also Carrier's book presents a hierarchical list of 'ways of knowing' with 'faith' being the one 'invalid' way (and specifically why that's true). It's been of great use to me and I wish he would write a more commercial/shorter/mainstream version of it. We need lots of 'horesmen' out there.


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Alan Stephen Kaufman PhD
Clinical Professor in the Child Study Center; Clin Prof Child Study Ctr
Departments & Organizations
Research Interests
Intelligence Testing, Clinical Assessment, Learning Disabilities Assessment, Test Construction, Neuropsychological Assessment, Aging and intelligence
- AB, University of Pennsylvania, 1965
- M.A., Columbia University, 1967
- Ph.D., Columbia University, 1970
Selected Publications
- Lichtenberger, E. O., & Kaufman, A. S. (2013). Essentials of WAIS-IV assessment (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Kaufman, A. S. (2013). Intelligent testing with Wechsler's fourth editions: Perspectives on the Weiss et al. studies and the eight commentaries. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 31, 224-234. Kaufman, S. B., Reynolds, M. R., Liu, X., Kaufman, A. S., & McGrew, K. (2012). Are cognitive g and academic g one and the same g?: An exploration on the Woodcock-Johnson and Kaufman tests. Intelligence, 40, 123-138. Singer, J. K., Lichtenberger, E. O., Kaufman, J. C., Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (2012). The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition (KABC-II) and the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement—Second Edition (KTEA-II). In D.P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (3rd ed.) (pp. 269-296). New York: Guilford. Kaufman, A. S., & Kaufman, N. L. (2012). Foreword. In D. Wechsler, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV) administration and scoring manual (pp. ix-xi). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment. Niileksela, C. R., Reynolds, M. R., & Kaufman, A. S. (in press). An alternative Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) factor structure of the WAIS-IV: Age invariance of an alternative model for ages 70-90. Psychological Assessment.


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Dear Russian friends,
You may be aware that this morning at approximately 4am, five activists and I scaled the Prirazlomnaya oil platform to take peaceful action against Gazprom's work in the Arctic, to highlight the dangers of its plans to drill here in the Pechora Sea.
The amount of oil that is lost every year in spills throughout Russia is roughly equivalent to the amount that Prirazlomnaya would produce annually. It would be far less expensive for the oil companies, the government, the people of Russia, and certainly the Indigenous Peoples who depend on this environment, to simply recover and use the oil lost in spills, than it would be to exploit the pristine Arctic shelf. In short, drilling in the Arctic will not benefit the average Russian citizen.
Gazprom is set to begin dangerous drilling on the Arctic shelf with no viable oil spill response plan. It's not a question of if an oil spill will happen, but when — and when it does, Gazprom would be powerless to stop it. Just last week Greenpeace Russia uncovered a startling secret: the emergency plan for oil spill mitigation of Gazprom Neft Shelf, a Gazprom subsidiary, has expired, meaning any drilling they do here would be illegal under Russian legislation.
During my time in Moscow last week, I met with the Federal Minister of Environment and Natural Resources and his senior advisers. I met with several journalists and civil society activists, and had the privilege of speaking with Indigenous Peoples representatives on whose traditional territory much of Russia's onshore oil drilling is carried out, with disastrous results.
Together with Greenpeace Russia, we presented data from esteemed Russian scientists — the same ones often hired by the oil industry — that confirmed those fears: Gazprom and emergency services could not cope with an oil spill disaster here. The scientists calculated 60,000 different scenarios if an oil spill were to occur at this platform, and their research showed very clearly that in fact it would take the company days to mount a serious response. Meanwhile, the toxic oil would reach the shores of three protected wildlife and nature reserves in just 20 hours.
I took part in this peaceful action today to declare — together with Russians and citizens around the world — an end to the madness that is putting the profits of an elite few above the interests and safety of the rest of us. We are also here standing shoulder-to-shoulder with the Indigenous Peoples of Northern Russia, many of whom last week signed a powerful joint statement opposing further disastrous oil drilling on and near their traditional territories, and demanding that their voices be heard in this critical debate. We humbly stand with them in their struggle.
In our desire to highlight this plight, we hope – and know – that actions do speak louder than words.
As you well know, Russia is also experiencing climate impacts. Scientists have concluded that the 2010 heat waves and forest fires were induced by a changing climate. In addition, more than 60% of Russia is covered by permafrost, which releases methane gas as it melts — a powerful greenhouse gas that is even more dangerous than carbon dioxide. And as the permafrost melts, the ground shifts, damaging buildings, bridges, roads, and dangerous oil and gas infrastructure. Even the Russian Ministry of Emergency has warned that by 2030, more than 25% of all buildings in Northern Russia could be damaged by the impacts of melting permafrost.
Time is running out for us to avert catastrophic climate change — and oil giants like Shell and Gazprom must be stopped from profiting from a disaster of their own making while doing further damage to our planet. It is clearly madness to ignore the fact that the only reason we are able to even consider drilling in these remote parts is as a result of the melting arctic ice, which is caused by emissions from oil, coal and gas. As the ice melts, our planet warms, which causes the ice to melt, and our planet to warm — it is a vicious circle.
We are effectively destroying the refrigerator or the air conditioner of our planet, destabilizing our global climate and threatening our children and grandchildren's future. Any day now, the scientific community will announce that the Arctic sea ice has reached an all-time low, below even 2007 levels. This is a disastrous record that we continue to break, and a warning cry of a planet in peril that we must not ignore.
Join me and my fellow activists at www.greenpeace.org or www.savethearctic.org and watch for live updates as the action unfolds. And please, take action with us – you can follow me on Twitter and Greenpeace on Facebook. Please share with your friends, so that together we can shine a light on this global environmental crime, and stop it before it becomes a global disaster.
Kumi Naidoo is the Executive Director at Greenpeace International.
Born in 1965 and hailing from South Africa, Kumi Naidoo has been Greenpeace's International Executive Director since November 2009.
(Unregistered) GREEN Savior
Question No. ?: Do you want to get yourself arrested in Russia
Please leave comments. on the blog to show your support!
Question No. ?: Do you want to get yourself arrested in Russia
Please leave comments. on the blog to show your support!
A mass of comments makes critical voices disappear.
5 activists and Kumi from South Africa...I don't believe ist.
PS: place of work tor CEO of Greenpeace International is Amsterdam.
His job-description should include reading/watching international media to have an overview of (political) situations allowing SOMEONE to make the right decisions and work on a realistic VISION of a sustainable TOMORROW.
The Rainbow Warrior blocking an oil rig relies on good strategies, the DECISIVE battle is not won on the battle-field
Leave comments on this blog to show your support...DOCTOR Naidoo is blocking an oil rig
QUESTION: who is making strategic desisions relying on INFORMATION if not the CEO?
Welcome in the short-term world of populism.
I assume you have thought twice about DOCTOR Naidoo climbing an oil-rig...shit, why you make me have to do it.
24 August, 2012 at 14:22
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(Unregistered) Igor
Go away from our country, it`s not your home!
24 August, 2012 at 15:07
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DOCTOR Naidoo:
'...Join ME and my fellow activists at www.greenpeace.org or www.savethearctic.org and watch for live updates as the ...
DOCTOR Naidoo:
'...Join ME and my fellow activists at www.greenpeace.org or www.savethearctic.org and watch for live updates as the action unfolds. And please, take action with us – you can follow ME on Twitter and Greenpeace on Facebook...'
Support DOCTOR Naidoo...he and Greenpeace will need it now!
PS: learning along the way...it is not that difficult to understand what made Greenpeace powerful!
24 August, 2012 at 15:11
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@ Igor
I do not agree with you completely...but I do believe as long as environmental madness is going on in USA, Europe, the so called &...
@ Igor
I do not agree with you completely...but I do believe as long as environmental madness is going on in USA, Europe, the so called 'North'...
...as long as we didn't not seriously try to stop madness in the North we can't tell you guys how to behave...especially if it is US buying your oil and gas, thereby support Putin's system.
But in the world of populism this seems to be irrelevant...
24 August, 2012 at 15:19
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We are all aware DOCTOR Naidoo needs a success linked to his name badly after having almost sunk Greenpeace during the last 2.75 years, correct?
Climbing the gazprom oil-rigg could have been a nice action - with DOCTOR Naidoo being in Amsterdam.
Please leave your comment on this blog to show your support for DOCTOR Naidoo...
I will leave this website now....you will hear from me in September.
Sun Wu, godfather of Rainbow Warrior III
PS: question NO. 13: can you sink a Rainbow?
24 August, 2012 at 15:40
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(Unregistered) Everest True
Greetings from Russia,
good job Greenpeace. Although it wont stop the Monster but may be this action would draw attention to the problem and ano...
Greetings from Russia,
good job Greenpeace. Although it wont stop the Monster but may be this action would draw attention to the problem and another handful of courageous men and women step in to fight for the future of our Planet Earth.
24 August, 2012 at 16:02
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(Unregistered) V2012
I think what you're doing is inspiring.
It is such a shame to read the news articles on this incident followed by the ignorant comments of ...
I think what you're doing is inspiring.
It is such a shame to read the news articles on this incident followed by the ignorant comments of those who have not bothered to investigate the other side. Get your point heard!
24 August, 2012 at 16:14
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(Unregistered) Rhayne
This really sets out the facts straight. You guys are doing amazing work and are truly inspirational to me and millions of others across the world, so...
This really sets out the facts straight. You guys are doing amazing work and are truly inspirational to me and millions of others across the world, so I just want to say thanks, and keep up the good work- we can beat the oil rigs!
24 August, 2012 at 17:20
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What a desaster...Chief Executive Brain of Greenpeace International in danger of getting hit by metall-parts thrown by gazprom-workers...
What a desaster...Chief Executive Brain of Greenpeace International in danger of getting hit by metall-parts thrown by gazprom-workers...
Question No.14: why should a warlord being responsible for his army be safe in an office reading papers while making strategic decisions?
you guys kill me...unfortunately I do believe being able to achieve more with 250 Millions USD annually.
I think I do have to save Tuuts...sorry, but I owe it to him!
Can Sun Wu try?
Give him two years, he has all the strategies ready to transform Greenpeace into what it used to be!
Sun Wu, godfather of Rainbow Warrior III
Today, August 24th of August at 21:18 German time I would like to make the following statement:
DOCTOR Naidoo and his army of Lainbow waLLiors have made the work of Greenpeace Russia difficult, maybe impossible.
you guys challenged totalitarian-conditioned people on this oil-rigg...I told you it would be something different than climbing an oil-rigg in Island...why don't you listen to Sun Wu
At least you took his advice to wait until after the courtcase against Pussy Riot.
PPPS: Give me a chance...among other qualifications I do have an university-degree in economics of shipping.
I am a rebel trained in one of the dirtiest buisnesses in the world...let me tell you only one thing: coal is a green fuel compared to Heavy fuel oil
PPPPS: by the way, who is making the STRATEGIC decisions while DOCTOR Naidoo decides to go on adventure-holiday?
But nice he gets to travel...he should try not to get himself and hs Lainbow waLLiors killed!
24 August, 2012 at 21:41
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Don't forget to leave comment on this blog to show support...
...and to follow DOCTOR Naidoo on Twitter.
24 August, 2012 at 21:45
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In an age when there are hundreds of television channels, there's a decent chance that you'll be able to find a TV show that you like to watch. Unfortunately, with economics being what they are, there's also a really good chance that it will be cancelled. The network execs have to answer to their stockholders and are less and less likely to take time to let shows grow an audience. Or, if the size of a series' audience declines, they often have to axe them as well.
Here's a "quick" listing of shows that won't be back for the 2009 — 2010 TV season. If your favorite is on the list, you have our sympathies.


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Oh yes definitely a steal by any means
8.5mil front loaded contract, guy can get 10 boards a game, is lethal outside, has some ok-ish post moves. Absolute steal for us.
Oh yes definitely a steal by any means
New Orleans Pelicans-Seattle Seahawks-Atlanta Braves-Anaheim Ducks
RIP HunnyB
This fits HunnyB/FlyGirl so well- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyzTiSEfM00
definitely steal..seems like a hard worker too...my dad was telling me if he can develop a pull up game(since he always drives straight to the basket and nothing in between) and can work a little on creating for himself then he can really be like dirk...and i completely agree, not as good as dirk...but close
Imagine if we had an offense that could get him open looks consistently. If Davis get's stronger (he will), they could make up the best young frontcourt in the league and play minutes together consistently.
I still think he's most useful coming off the bench, then playing starter minutes from there. Really interested to see this team fully healthy.
Other than his awesome playing skills is his youth. Dude looks like he's in his 30s, but he's only 24.
I know we're dealing with some tough times right now, but the combination of youthand talent we have on this team is astounding. It's a testament to the FO and Monty doing a good Jon coaching them.
Hard to watch right now sometimes, sucks being on a 6 game losing streak, but this nucleus makes it so easy to keep the faith.
his contract is front loaded??? does any 1 have the contract details?
Aside from Gordon, Demps worked magic this offseason. Makes me excited to think about what he can do with a lot of cap space next year.
His Ariza/Okafor for Lewis/Miller move was a straight up robbery.
He is top 30 and I don't care what anyone says.
He is almost as deadly as Peja in his prime, and Peja in his prime was a near MVP candidate. A guy that can stroke it like Anderson, and play a bit of def. is nice.
If you Jimmer it, they will come.
Things I like about Ryan Anderson I didn't expect:
1. His defense is sneaky good. He's pesky. Guys like to get him in iso, but he contests really well without fouling. He tries to take too many charges and gets in foul trouble as a result of that, but I'm happy with his man defense, especially on centers.
2. He can put it on the floor and drive if his man over-commits on the close out.
3. He doesn't really have a post game per se, but he's crafty around the rim and if he gets the ball there, he's going to figure out a way to out it off the glass.
4. His height and quick release means he's able to get 3s off and hit a decent clip even if the defense is good. That's important, because at the moment he's forced to be offensive option number 1 and the looks aren't neccessarily open.
Maybe later I'll compile a list of 30 players I think are better than Anderson. I think he's great, but not top 30. But for this team on his contract? You're damn right it's a steal.
it is tough to judge...in a vacuum i think i might consider rudy gay a better player than anderson in a vacuum since he can create his own shot at the end of games...anderson is a better 3rd option than gay on a team but not a better first option on a team if that makes sense...if we had davis and gordon, then anderson is perfect for this team
Well Hollingers Per has him rated 25. So I think saying he is top 30 isn't too far off base. Sure people might see names and think "oh so and so is better." But thats just due to name, and cache it brings. Anderson is a quiet top flight player. He is David West. Everybody knew he was underrated, and he kept doing his job, while we here at home knew him as a top 4 at his craft. As is Anderson. Undervalued.
Anyone who thinks Ryno is better than Rudy Gay is insane. I understand that forum guys and ESPN judge players by metrics but all metrics are subjective. Use the eye test. The game is so much easier for Gay than Ryno. I like Ryno b/c he's a great shooter but at the end of the day he's 1 dimensional. When it's go to time for a bucket and I need the ball in someone's hands, I'd give it to Gay. I'd have Ryno behind the arc waiting for a 3 b/c that's what he's best at. But there is no question about how valuable a player Ryno is to the Hornets.
Gay is overrated. A high volume scorer. Doesn't do anything else well. Isn't a great scorer either. Eye ball test tells me that. He coattails his two big men and Conley.
Emeka Okafor - Joe Smith - Carmelo Anthony - Manu Ginobili - Jason Williams
Al Jefferson - James Posey - Aaron McKie - Shaun Livingston
My list of guys I rank above Ryno. Not taking salary or potential into the equation. Just ranking them based on who I would want today to try and win a title this year. By position, the guys I would take over Ryno:
Tony Parker
Josh Smith
Zach Randolph
Marc Gasol
Greg Monroe
Tyson Chandler
So I have 27 guys ahead of him. I got another 8 or so that are close or could go either way. Of the 26 I have ahead of him, Monroe and Kyrie are on their rookie deals and are getting paid less than him, the other 25 are getting paid more and in some cases, twice as much. Debateable top 30 player in the league. No question top 40, and a salary that makes him one of the top 20 values in the league IMO.
Last edited by MichaelMcNamara; 11-24-2012 at 07:36 PM.
And before anyone asks- No I did not forget anybody. I would personally take Anderson over Blake, Gay, and Ibaka. Those three were the closest for me along with Andy V. and Al Horford
You forgot Dirk for sure... and even then there are a lot of guys better than Anderson not shown. I'm a huge fan of Ryno but he's the 10-15th best Pf in the NBA, while that is a deep position he has to be the third best player on a team for you to win anything. You could make the playoffs with him as your 2nd option
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Keo.co.za brings you news from South Africa's Super Rugby franchises.
Matfield benched - Victor Matfield will play off the bench in Saturday's match against the Rebels.
Fourie du Preez captains the side, with Danie Rossouw starting at lock. In other changes, Dewald Potgieter returns after an injury lay-off and starts at blindside flank. Bjorn Basson and Gerhard van den Heever replace Akona Ndungane and Francois Hougaard on the wings.
Bulls – 15 Zane Kirchner, 14 Gerhard van den Heever, 13 Stephan Dippenaar, 12 Wynand Olivier, 11 Bjorn Basson, 10 Morné Steyn, 9 Fourie du Preez (c), 8 Pierre Spies, 7 Dewald Potgieter, 6 Deon Stegmann, 5 Danie Rossouw, 4 Bakkies Botha, 3 Werner Kruger, 2 Gary Botha, 1 Dean Greyling.
Subs: 16 Chiliboy Ralepelle, 17 Rossouw de Klerk, 18 Flip van der Merwe, 19 Victor Matfield, 20 Derick Kuün, 21 Francois Hougaard, 22 Francois Brummer.
Grant back for Stormers – Peter Grant will start at pivot for the Stormers' first tour game against the Chiefs in Hamilton on Saturday.
The flyhalf has been sidelined for the last two weeks, but now replaces Lionel Cronjé in the No 10 jumper. Cronjé drops to the reserves.
Other changes to the run-on side sees Bryan Habana back at wing in place of Johann Sadie, while scrumhalf Ricky Januarie is promoted ahead of Dewaldt Duvenage. Tighthead prop Brok Harris also comes in for the injured CJ van der Linde.
Stormers – 15 Conrad Jantjes, 14 Gio Aplon, 13 Jaque Fourie, 12 Jean De Villiers, 11 Bryan Habana, 10 Peter Grant, 9 Ricky Januarie, 8 Duane Vermeulen, 7 Francois Louw, 6 Schalk Burger (c), 5 Andries Bekker, 4 Rynhardt Elstadt, 3 Brok Harris, 2 Deon Fourie, 1 Wicus Blaauw
Subs: 16 Tiaan Liebenberg, 17 Steven Kitshoff, 18 De Kock Steenkamp, 19 Anton Van Zyl, 20 Dewaldt Duvenage, 21 Lionel Cronje, 22 Juan De Jongh.
Jantjies gets another go – Flyhalf Elton Jantjies returns to the Lions' starting line-up for their clash against the Brumbies in Canberra on Saturday.
Jantjies has sat on the bench in the last couple of games after struggling at Super Rugby level. Head coach John Mitchell has decided to give the 20-year-old another run, which sees Burton Francis drop to the bench.
Mitchell has also made a host of other changes to his team.
In the backline, Alwyn Hollenbach comes in for skipper Doppies la Grange while scrumhalf Jano Vermaak is rotated with Rory Kockott.
Amongst the forwards, Josh Strauss takes over as captain and shifts to No 8 while flanker Michael Rhodes and Derick Minnie are promoted ahead of Warren Whiteley and Cobus Grobbelaar, who drop to the wood.
Hooker Bandise Maku and tighthead prop Pat Cilliers replace Edgar Martutlulle and Kevin Buys in the front row respectively.
Lions – 15 Jaco Taute, 14 Lionel Mapoe, 13 Dylan des Fontain, 12 Alwyn Hollenbach, 11 Deon van Rensburg, 10 Elton Jantjies, 9 Jano Vermaak, 8 Joshua Strauss (c), 7 Michael Rhodes, 6 Derick Minnie, 5 Franco van der Merwe, Wikus van Heerden, 3 Pat Cilliers, 2 Bandise Maku, 1 JC Janse van Rensburg.
Subs: 16 Edgar Marutlulle, 17 Kevin Buys, 18 Warren Whiteley, 19 Cobus
Grobbelaar, 20 Rory Kockott, 21 Burton Francis, 22 Jannie Boshoff.
One change for Cheetahs - A hamstring injury has ruled Philip Burger out of the Cheetahs' match against the Crusaders.
The wing is the only player missing from the Cheetahs' starting side that whipped the Lions last weekend. Rayno Benjamin takes his place, with Riaan Smit moving to the right wing.
Cheetahs – 15 Riaan Viljoen, 14 Riaan Smit, 13 Robert Ebersohn, 12 Corne Uys, 11 Rayno Benjamin, 10 Sias Ebersohn, 9 Sarel Pretorius; 8 Davon Raubenheimer, 7 Ashley Johnson, 6 Heinrich Brussow, 5 Wilhelm Steenkamp, 4 Francois Uys, 3 WP Nel, 2 Adriaan Strauss (c), 1 Coenie Oosthuizen.
Subs: 16 Ryno Barnes, 17 Lourens Adriaanse, 18 Walti Vermeulen, 19 Kabamba Floors, 20 Tewis de Bruyn, 21 Naas Olivier, 22 Hennie Daniller.


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Dordt College News
Defenders No. 7 In Poll
December 5, 2012
(Wednesday, December 5; Sioux Center, Iowa) The Dordt College Defender men's basketball team dropped four spots in the NAIA Division II Men's Basketball Coaches' Top 25 Poll released late Tuesday, December 4. The Defenders are now no. 7 after starting the season 8-2.
The Defenders split their games last week with a win on the road over Dakota Wesleyan and Saturday loss to Midland in Fremont, Nebraska.
Dordt is one of four Great Plains Athletic Conference teams in the top-25 this week. Dordt is no. 7; Northwestern is no. 9; Doane holds at no. 14 for the second straight week and Briar Cliff is no. 25. Hastings is in the receiving votes category of the poll.
Dordt will host Northwestern on Wednesday, December 5 before traveling to Lincoln, Nebraska on Saturday to face Nebraska Wesleyan.
Cardinal Stritch (Wisconsin) moved into the top no. 1 spot with a 10-0 start after Northwood (Florida) lost for the first time this week and fell to no. 4.
Media Access: Download Word Version | High Resolution Image: 1


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Greentech Media
Six states got 10 percent or more of their power from wind, solar and geothermal power in 2011. That's double the number from just a year ago. Not bad for a down year. CleanEdge released its State Clean Energy Index on Wednesday, tallying up the state of green energy and technology across the 50 states of the union as of the end of 2011.


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Billy Long
|Billy Long
|U.S. House, Missouri, District 7
|In office
|January 3, 2011-Present
|Term ends
|January 3, 2015
|Years in position
|Roy Blunt (R)
|Base salary
|Elections and appointments
|Last election
|November 6, 2012
|First elected
|November 2, 2010
|Next general
|November 4, 2014
|Campaign $
|Term limits
|University of Missouri (incomplete)
|Missouri Auction School
|Date of birth
|August 11, 1955
|Place of birth
|Springfield, Missouri
|Auctioneer, Realtor
|Net worth
|Office website
|Personal website
|Campaign website
- 1 Biography
- 2 Career
- 3 Committee assignments
- 4 Issues
- 5 Elections
- 6 Campaign donors
- 7 Analysis
- 8 Recent news
- 9 Personal
- 10 External links
- 11 References
This is Long's first seat in political office.[2]
Based on analysis of multiple outside rankings, Long is one of the most reliable Republican votes, meaning he can be considered a safe vote for the Republican Party in Congress.
Long was born in Springfield, Missouri. He attended the University of Missouri from 1973 to 1976, but did not finish his degree, later going back to school at the Missouri Auction School. [3]
Long owns Billy Long Auctions, LLC, and has been voted best auctioneer in the Ozarks for seven years in a row. Billy is also a former talk radio show host on KWTO AM 560 in Springfield, with a listening area that covered 95 counties, including all of the Seventh Congressional District.[4]
Committee assignments
U.S. House
Long serves on the following committees:[5]
- Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing and Trade
- Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
- Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Long served on the following committees:[6]
- Homeland Security Committee
- Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence
- Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Security Technologies
- Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations, and Management
- Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
- Subcommittee on Aviation
- Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
- Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
Campaign themes
On his campaign website, Long listed thirteen issues. They were:[7]
- Conservative Values
- On his website, Long said, "A truly just and economic system is one that allows the individual to keep the fruits of his own mental and physical labor. That system is capitalism and it has done more to lift up the human condition from poverty than any other system in the history of the world. The government should not be in the business of choosing winners and losers. When the government tries to interfere in the market place, such as with bailouts, it rewards bad behavior by transferring wealth from those who made smart investments to those who made bad investments. Not only is this practice an irresponsible use of government, it leaves us poorer as a society."
- Abortion
- On his website, Long said, "I am 100 percent pro-life. I believe in the sanctity of human life, that life begins at conception, and in protecting the rights of the unborn."
- Agriculture
- On his website, Long said, "Agriculture is a vital part of the Seventh District's economy. It is important that Congress support the growth and development of the agriculture industry by fighting for policies that will encourage economic growth in Missouri and nationwide. The United States has been the world's leading agricultural producer for many years and with our vast natural resources we need to keep it that way. Agricultural products are a source of significant exports, which benefits our overall economy while providing Americans with a stable, safe, and nutritious food supply."
- Education
- On his website, Long said, "The education of our children is a once in a lifetime opportunity. The years before a child reaches kindergarten are among the most critical in his or her life. That is why I support programs such as Parents as Teachers, which was started by Senator Kit Bond. This program gives parents the resources they need to best prepare their children for school. Such programs encourage parents to become more engaged in their children's learning process from an early age. I also believe we must do what we can to keep students engaged through their elementary and secondary education."
- Energy & Environment
- On his website, Long said, "We need an all-of-the-above approach to solve this problem. We haven't built an oil refinery in this country in over 35 years. We need more oil, gas, coal and nuclear energy production combined with more wind, solar, hydropower, and geothermal energies. This will lower prices, create jobs, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and strengthen our national security."
- Health Care
- On his website, Long said, "People, not the government, are the source of prosperity in our country and they make the American health care system the envy of the world. What we need are commonsense solutions that will strengthen our health care system instead of stimulating debt and eliminating patient choice. A health care system where insurance can be bought across state lines so insurers compete against each other and lowers cost for patients."
- Homeland Security
- On his website, Long said, "Today there are many challenges facing our country and none is greater than keeping our people safe. As a member of the House Homeland Security Committee, I am doing everything in my power to make sure we are protected and that those who serve on the front lines have the tools they need to get the job done."
- Immigration
- On his website, Long said, "While the total number of illegal immigrants is unknown, the number ranges in the millions. These illegal immigrants place strains on our social support networks, our infrastructure, and routinely evade the basic laws that govern society. As Americans we pride ourselves on our ability to incorporate immigrants into our unique American culture. Unfortunately illegal immigration resists this unifying influence and results in the creation of a near parallel society. We must enforce our laws and encourage people to become Americans the legal way."
- National Defense
- On his website, Long said, "At a time when we are fighting wars overseas, we must continue to support our troops. Our service men and women make our military the strongest in the world. They defend our nation and our way of life against those who would destroy our safety, freedom, and values. Congress must give them our unwavering support to complete their mission as quickly and safely as possible."
- Small Business
- On his website, Long said, "Small businesses are the heart-beat of this economy, representing 99.7% of all companies in America, employing half of all private sector employees and accounting for over half of the private sector economy. Americans do not owe our prosperity to the government; we owe it to the men and women who work to achieve their dreams."
- Taxes
- On his website, Long said, "I am a proud cosponsor of a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would limit the ability of the government to spend more than it takes in or to tax the American public beyond a fixed percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This amendment would force responsible spending practices by Congress and help us pay down the national debt. If we don't act now, we will suffer permanent economic harm from our excessive tax and spending burdens."
- Transportation and Infrastructure
- On his website, Long said, "In addition to serving on the Homeland Security Committee, I also serve on the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. The Transportation and Infrastructure Committee has jurisdiction over many forms of transportation: aviation, maritime, waterborne, roads, bridges, mass transit, and railroads."
- Veterans
- On his website, Long said, "While we can never satisfy the debt we owe America's fallen heroes and their families, Congress must continue to put our troops, our veterans, and their families first. At a time when our service members are returning home from multiple wars and conflicts across the globe, we must provide veterans with the support they have rightfully earned. Our veterans have honorably served their country and it is time for their country to serve them." [7]
Presidential preference
Billy Long endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. [8]
Specific votes
Fiscal Cliff
Long voted against the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of 151 Republicans that voted against the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257/167 vote on January 1, 2013.[9]
Long sought re-election in 2012.[10] He defeated Tom Stilson and Mike Moon in the Republican primary on August 7, 2012.[11] He was re-elected on November 6, 2012.[12]
|U.S. House, Missouri District 7 General Election, 2012
|Vote %
|Billy Long Incumbent
|Jim Evans
|Kevin Craig
|Kenneth Joe Brown
|Total Votes
|Source: Missouri Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"
Republican Primary Results
|U.S. House, Missouri District 7 Republican Primary, 2012
|Vote %
|Billy Long
|Mike Moon
|Tom Stilson
|Total Votes
Full history
To view the full congressional electoral history for Billy Long, click [show] to expand the section.
Campaign donors
Comprehensive donor information for Long is available dating back to 2010. Based on available campaign finance records, Long raised a total of $2,184,158 during that time period. This information was last updated on May 16, 2013.[14]
|Billy Long's Campaign Contribution History
|U.S. House (Missouri, District 7)
|U.S. House (Missouri, District 7)
|Grand Total Raised
Candidates for Congress are required to file up to seven main reports with the Federal Election Commission during the 2014 elections season. Below are Long's reports.[15]
|Billy Long for Congress Campaign Finance Reports
|Date Filed
|Beginning Balance
|Total Contributions
for Reporting Period
|Cash on Hand
|April Quarterly[16]
|July Quarterly[17]
|Running totals
Long won re-election to the U.S. House in 2012. During that election cycle, Long's campaign committee raised a total of $924,152 and spent $639,660.[18] This is less than the average $1.5 million spent by House winners in 2012.[19]
Cost per vote
Long spent $3.14 per vote received in 2012.
|U.S. House, Missouri District 7, 2012 - Billy Long Campaign Contributions
|Total Raised
|Total Spent
|Total Raised by Election Runner-up
|Total Spent by Election Runner-up
|Top contributors to Billy Long's campaign committee
|Leggett & Platt
|Crawford Group
|TAMKO Building Products
|National Assn of Realtors
|Prime Inc
|Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
|Misc. Finance
|Real Estate
|Leadership PACs
2010U.S. House in 2010. His campaign committee raised a total of $1,260,007 and spent $1,230,604.[20]
|U.S. House, Missouri District 7, 2010 - Billy Long Campaign Contributions
|Total Raised
|Total Spent
|Total Raised by General Election Opponent
|Total Spent by General Election Opponent
|Top contributors to Billy Long's campaign committee
|Med-Pay Inc
|Peterbilt of Springfield
|Larson Group
|Pinegar Chevrolet
|Springfield Grocer
|Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
|Real Estate
|Misc Finance
|Health Professionals
Lifetime voting record
According to the website GovTrack, Long missed 51 of 1,698 roll call votes from Jan 2011 to Apr 2013, which is 3.0% of votes during that period. This is worse than the median of 2.2% among the lifetime records of representatives currently serving.[21]
Ideology and leadership
Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Long is a "far-right Republican" as of May 2013.[22]
Congressional staff salaries
The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Long paid his congressional staff a total of $830,698 in 2011. Overall, Missouri ranked 21st in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[23]
Net worth
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org - The Center for Responsive Politics, Long's net worth as of 2011 was estimated between $846,035 and $3,856,997. That averages to $2,351,516, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican Representatives in 2011 of $7,859,232. His average net worth decreased by 2.3% from 2010.[24]
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org - The Center for Responsive Politics, Long's net worth as of 2010 was estimated between $461,037 to $4,351,996. That averages to a net worth of $2,406,516.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Republicans in 2010 of $7,561,133.[25]
National Journal vote ratings
- See also: National Journal vote ratings
Each year, National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted, as compared to other members in the previous year. More information about the analysis process can be found on the vote ratings page.
According to the data released in 2013, Long was ranked the 50th most conservative representative during 2012.[26]
According to the data released in 2012, Billy Long was ranked the 52nd most conservative representative during 2011.[27]
Percentage voting with party
May 2013
Billy Long voted with the Republican Party 98.7% of the time, which ranked 25th among the 233 House Republican members as of May 2013.[28]
Recent news
This section displays the most recent stories in a Google news search for the term Billy + Long + Missouri + House
- All stories may not be relevant to this page due to the nature of the search engine.
- Loading...
Long currently resides in Springfield with his wife, Barbara, and their two daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Long attend the First & Calvary Presbyterian Church in Springfield, where they were married over 25 years ago.[29]
External links
- Billy Long Auctions
- Congressman Billy Long official U.S. House site
- Billy Long for U.S. Congress official campaign site
- Social media:
- Biographies:
- Political profiles:
- Financial (federal level):
- Interest group ratings:
- Issue positions:
- Public statements:
- Voting record:
- Media coverage:
- ↑ State of Missouri, "Nov. 6, 2012 General Election" (accessed May 31, 2013)
- ↑ VoteSmart, "Representative Billy Long's Biography" (accessed May 31, 2013)
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress "LONG, Billy, (1955 - )"
- ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, "Billy Long official bio" (accessed May 31, 2013)
- ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress"
- ↑ GOP.gov, The Website of the Republican Majority in Congress "Republicans in Missouri, Billy Long, Missouri's 7th District"
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Billy Long for Congress "Issues" April 25, 2012
- ↑ News Leader, "Long to endorse Mitt Romney today," January 12, 2012
- ↑ U.S. House "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff" Accessed January 4, 2013.
- ↑ Open Secrets "Billy Long Representative 2012" Accessed January 21, 2012
- ↑ AP Results "U.S. House in Missouri Results" Accessed August 7, 2012
- ↑ ABC News "2012 General Election Results"
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets "Billy Long" Accessed May 16, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Billy Long for Congress Summary reports" (accessed July 22, 2013)
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Billy Long for Congress April Quarterly" (accessed July 22, 2013)
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Billy Long for Congress July Quarterly" (accessed July 22, 2013)
- ↑ Open Secrets "Billy Long 2012 Election Cycle," Accessed February 13, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets, "Election 2012: The Big Picture Shows Record Cost of Winning a Seat in Congress," June 19, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets "Billy Long 2010 Election Data," Accessed November 9, 2011
- ↑ GovTrack, "Billy Long" Accessed March 26, 2013
- ↑ Gov Track "Billy Long," (accessed May 31, 2013)
- ↑ LegiStorm, "Billy Long," Accessed October 8, 2012
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Billy Long, (R-Mo), 2011"
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Billy Long (R-MO), 2010," Accessed October 8, 2012
- ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," February 26, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," February 23, 2012
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
- ↑ Billy Long, U.S. Congressman, Representing the 7th District of Missouri "Billy Long: Fourth-Generation Native of SW Missouri"
|Political offices
|Preceded by
Roy Blunt
|U.S. House of Representatives - Missouri, District 7
| Succeeded by


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Photo by Sebastian Mlynarski
Director Debra Granik discusses her award-winning film, Winter's Bone. [24:16]
Image courtesy of Youngblood
Youngblood co-directors Graeme Gillis and R.J. Tolan talk about a unique organization for up-and-coming playwrights. [22:25]
Photo by Daniel Kramer
Here's part 2 of our conversation with Sean Wilentz, author of Bob Dylan in America. [28:26]
Sean Wilentz discusses his biography of 2009 National Medal of Arts recipient Bob Dylan, Bob Dylan in America. [28:33]
Photo courtesy of Arena Stage
Charles Randolph-Wright talks about directing Lynn Nottage's play Ruined at Arena Stage. [29:39]
Photo by Colin Hovde
Howard Shalwitz talks about the theater company's production of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play by Bruce Norris, Clybourne Park. [22:47]


text:
Announcing the Lineal Collection Borders
Announcing laNeva's new pre-designed tile border series!
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Another Lineal Collection border will be featured tomorrow, and each day this week. Stay tuned. Our border collection is anything but boring!


text:
Torchlight 2? Yes, it's ugly. Like...pretty damn ugly. But the effects are decent to pretty good looking and it's a lot fun to play (for me) nevertheless.
As for TF2....it's really really ugly. But it's also pretty fitting for the kind of game it is. Even more so in the "censored" german version, where people don't explode in blood but random toys and mechanical parts.
It's always irritating me for a second when I see TF2 videos and people explode into giant blood fountains. ^^


text:
Recent Publications
Journal Articles
Characterizing an Effective Hospital Admissions Scheduling and Control Management System: A Genetic Algorithm Approach
2012, Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference
Jonathan E. Helm, Marcial Lapp, Brendan D. Seee
Proper management of hospital inpatient admissions involves a large number of decisions that have
complex and uncertain consequences for hospital resource utilization and patient flow. Further,
inpatient admissions has a significant impact on the hospital's profitability, access, and quality of
care. Making effective decisions to drive high quality, efficient hospital behavior is difficult, if not
impossible, without the aid of sophisticated decision support. Hancock and Walter (1983) developed
such a management system with documented implementation success, but for each hospital the
system parameters are "optimized" manually. We present a framework for valuing instances of this
management system via simulation and optimizing the system parameters using a genetic algorithm
based search. This approach reduces the manual overhead in designing a hospital management system
and enables the creation of Pareto efficiency curves to better inform management of the trade-offs
between critical hospital metrics when designing a new control system.
Helm, Jonathan E., Marcial Lapp, and Brendan D. See (2010), "Characterizing an Effective Hospital Admissions Scheduling and Control Management System: A Genetic Algorithm Approach," Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 2387-2398.


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More of The Stories Behind Strange Airport Codes
CAE -- Columbia, South Carolina
The airport in Columbia, South Carolina has a mysterious letter "e" as its third letter. Could it be a filler letter or is there an interesting story for the airport code of Columbia Metropolitan Airport?
The small town of Cayce is due northwest of the airport, and might explain the code, but it's not totally certain.
BNA -- Nashville
Today's Nashville International Airport still retains the airport code of BNA, which honors World War I veteran and air transport advocate Colonel Harry S. Berry. He was Tennessee's WPA Administrator.
The WPA was one of Frankin D. Roosevelt's alphabet soup programs that helped put people to back to work during the Great Depression, and was responsible for the building of Berry Field in 1937. So despite the name change to Nashville International Airport in 1988, the three letter airport code remains to remind people of Berry Field NAshiville.
SDF -- Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky's international airport's code doesn't seem to make any sense at all unless you go back to its roots of being partly built on ground owned by the family of Dr. Elisha David Standiford, who was a legislator and held high positions in local transportation companies like the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.
In 1947, Standiford Field (where the SDF comes from) opened to the public, but has since expanded to be a heavy air freight and international air-sorting hub for UPS .
RSW -- Fort Myers, FLorida
The airport that serves the residents of Fort Myers, Florida, is called Southwest Florida International Airport. While the "SW" letters make sense, in that they stand for Southwest, the "R" seems to not make any sense until you go back in history to 1983, when the airport was opened and originally named Southwest Florida Regional Airport; that is, the "R" stands for Regional.
This was the first airport in America to be built in compliance with National Environmental Protection Association (NEPA) regulations.
BDL -- Hartford Connecticut/Springfield Massachusetts
The airport that serves Hartford, Connecticut is named Bradley International Airport; and thus the BDL designation. The airport name and its three-letter code honor the first fatality at the venue, which had been constructed in 1941 as a military air base. On August 21, 1941, Lt. Eugene Bradley died in a training exercise there at the age of 24. The first commercial air flight out of this airport occurred in 1947 via Eastern Airlines.
GTR -- Columbus, Mississippi
Students who go to Mississippi State University are only 15 minutes away from an airport in Columbus, Mississippi to fly out of when the semester ends or when Spring Break's a-calling. So what do the letters GTR have to do with an airport located here? Well, GTR stands for Golden Triangle Regional Airport, which serves two other cities besides Columbus; that is, Starkville and West Point, which form a triangle. Ironically, GTR airport is located a bit south of of the "triangle"!
SNA -- Orange County, California
"The Duke" has an airport named after him called John Wayne Airport, which is located in the heart of Orange County, California, or "The O.C." Yet neither Orange County nor John Wayne have the letters "SNA", so what's up with this strange code? It comes from the name Santa Ana, the city where the airport is located.
TYS -- Knoxville, Tenessee
Knoxville, Tennessee has a strange three-letter code that doesn't match its place name. The TYS designation comes from the name Tyson. In 1918, during the First World War, a pilot by the name of Charles McGhee Tyson was killed after crashing into the waters off the English coast. His parents were a rich and prominent family in "The Marble City", and years after the war ended, a piece of land for an airstrip was donated by Charles' mother Bettie on the condition that it be named after her deceased son, which is called McGhee Tyson Airport to this day.
MCI -- Kansas City Missouri
The international airport that serves Kansas City, Missouri has quite a story as to how its airport code came about. Before the airport was dedicated in the fall of 1972, it was called Mid-Continent International Airport, of which the MCI designation makes sense, but politicians in Kansas City decided to give it a name that would make a better connection with the city, so the name Kansas City International Airport replaced its original one.
If you think you're going to Kansas City, Missouri, because your luggage tags say KCI, you're gonna be in for a big surprise, because that happens to be the three-letter code for Kono, Indonesia!
Read more about strange airport codes.
Airport Codes
New Travel Articles


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Media Inquiries: For all MAVA media inquiries, please contact us at 703-506-9300 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Check back regularly for news, coverage, and announcements about MAVA.
Since the housing bubble burst half a decade ago, residential real estate has been an unsexy industry. As a result, the category has seen limited innovation. Existing giants like Zillow, Trulia, and Redfin have thrived in the home search category, if only by default. But all are nearly a decade old and were built in a pre-mobile world. For the first time in years, there are signs that the tide is turning and that both investors and consumers are once again receptive to new technologies in this space.
Homesnap is a Washington, DC-based startup that is hoping to shake things up for home buyers by offering the first mobile-first solution in the category. The company launched version 2.0 of its point-and-snap home search iOS app at this weekend's SXSW(i) festival, taking home the Most Disruptive Startup award at the TechCocktail Startup showcase.
Read More


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Education Elections Still Up in the Air in Washington State, Montana
Three education-related races in Montana and Washington State were still undecided as of Thursday morning.
Three education-related races in Montana and Washington State were still undecided as of Thursday morning.
The prospect of federal vouchers for students with disabilities seems to have dimmed for now because of Gov. Mitt Romney's defeat in the presidential election Tuesday. But in pockets across the country, voters took action in other ways that will directly affect special education students. In St. L...
Unions were among the big winners in several teacher-policy-related ballot referendums on tickets last night.
If Democrats gain supermajorities in California's legislature, as one state Republican predicted, it could allow further tax increases and more K-12 funding without ballot measures.
Young voters turn out at same pace as last presidential election to help give Obama a second term.
U.S. Rep. John Kline, R-Minn., the House education committee chairman, aim to mark up a bill reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act next year, and sees room for bipartisanship on charters.
Voters in Idaho repealed a set of education laws that would have established a statewide 1-to-1 laptop program for high schoolers and required online classes for graduation.
All 15 seats on the Texas Board of Education were up for grabs in the election. Some analysts say the outcome may push the board toward the political center.
A look at how governors' races, local initiatives, and the race for the White House will impact early-learning programs.
Sweeping education changes passed by the state legislature are voted down overwhelmingly.