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|Collection Title:
|UB Oral Histories
|Collection ID:
|Departmental Affiliation:
|University Libraries. University Archives
|State University of New York at Buffalo
|Item ID:
|Person Interviewed:
|Horton, John T., 1902-
|Professor of history
|Shelton, Brenda K.
|Date of Interview:
|October 3, 1978
|Professor of history at the University of Buffalo and the State University of New York at Buffalo, 1926-1973; Chairman of the department, 1948-1967; alumnus of the University of Buffalo. Tape of an interview with Horton conducted by Brenda K. Shelton, October 3, 1978. Concerns his family history, student years, career as historian, faculty members, chair of Department of History, vews on education, people connected with the University, particularly Julius William Pratt.
University of Buffalo. Department of History--History
Capen, Samuel Paul, 1878-1956--Inauguration
World War II--Nazi Aactivity in Buffalo
Pratt, Julius William, 1888-
Sound recording
|DCMI Type:
|Format of Analog:
|sound cassette
|Link to PDF of documentation:
|http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/item/pdf/LIB-UA014/Horton_John_Obs19781003.pdf http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/item/pdf/LIB-UA014/Horton_John_Index19781003.pdf http://digital.lib.buffalo.edu/item/pdf/LIB-UA014/Horton_John_Trans19781003.pdf
|Index: Interview with John T. Horton, October 3, 1978 00/000 UB curriculum in the 1920s and 1930s; honors program; role of Goetz, Schauroth, Carpenter, and Capen. 08/189 Impact of veterans after World War II. 09/205 Experimental nature of early UB liberal arts program; influence of Julian Park and Capen. 12/155 UB students during 1920s and 1930sa ethnic, class, and educational backgrounds. 18/355 Remarks about Earl McGrath, Emily Webster and Philip Becker Goetz. 22/406 General comments about early liberal arts faculty, Wilfred Sherk and Carl Seigmund among them. 25/440 Mrs. Horton one of few women in UB law school 28/464 Women professors during Capen's tenure: Helen Dwight Reid, Mme. Casassa, Ortha Wilner. 00/000 Anecdote about Wayne Jordon, leading into discussion of Julius W. Pratt. l0/231 Pratt as Chairman of History Department; formation of History Club. 14/300 Pratt and Julian Park in sympathy with Capen's educational Theories. 15/334 Members of History Department before and during Pratt's Chairmanships: Julian Bark, Raymond Chambers, Wilfred Kerr, Helen Dwight Reid, Augustus Hunt Shearer of the Grosvenor Library, Barnet Nover (Buffalo Evening News writer), Murdoch Dawley, John Clark Adams, Barton Bean, Selig Adler, 20/400 Pratt as author and scholar. Tape II 00/000 Horton's love of Latin; Pratt's educational background. 02/069 Pratt as scholar and teacher; his attitude toward history, 08/180 McCarthy years at UB; case of professor in Philosophy Department [Parry]; role of Horton and Pratt in Executive Committee that investigated the case. 13/2701911 request for scholarship funds from Buffalo Council; words written by Dr. Roswell Park result in charges that UB was anti-Catholic. 16/335"Continued animosity;" use of King .,James Bible in course of Henry Ten Eyck Parry and Oscar Silverman leads to Catholic objections; Capen defends the professors. 20/373 Feeling in 1930s and later that UB a nest of atheism; and of communism; Horton's views; criticism of Nathaniel Cantor; Capen and Pratt defend him. 25/436 UB Council members; social contacts between UB faculty and Buffalo community; Julian Park. 26/465 Physical appearance of Dr. Pratt; family background and early career. Side II, Tape II 00/000 Pratt's family background; his marriage.
|Interviewer's Observations:
|Interviewer's Observations: John T. Horton, October 3, 1978 Although Dr. Horton's sight and hearing are poor, his mind is alert and his memory is incredible. The interview took place in his home, and when I arrived he asked me to pour each of us a glass of sherry. During the course of the interview Dr. Horton drank four glasses, and while he remained as rational and articulate as ever, I feel that he may have become somewhat more open toward the end. Mrs. Horton arrived home during the interview, and I stopped the tape while we chatted. She then left the room until the session was over. I had known Dr. Horton while I was a graduate student at the University of Buffalo. He remembered that I had been Dr. Pratt's graduate assistant and that I had written my master's thesis under his direction, and he insisted, both before the taping began and during the intervals while I changed the tape, that I, too, was a "source" for information about Pratt and that my views should be expressed. Despite my objections, he therefore interviewed me at a number of points. There seemed no way to avoid this unfortunate development without annoying Dr. Horton.
|DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "N Emeritus professor of History Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton on October 3, 1978 JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: ... Should we make a few sounds to see whether it's ... We can start. This interview with Dr. John Horton is taking place at his home at 85 Woodward Avenue on October 3, 1978. The interviewer is Brenda Shelton at the University of Buffalo Archives. Dr. Horton, I enjoyed very much listening to the tapes you did early with Jenny Peterzell. You touched on a number of points that I wonder whether you would like to discuss in a little bit more detail. You were at the University of Buffalo in its very early days as a Liberal Arts School. What sort of curriculum was there? What requirements were there as an undergraduate? It was a highly structured curriculum. I can't remember all the details of it, but the electives were many fewer than they are today. Two foreign languages were required, one of which had to be Latin or Greek and the other, a modern language, usually French or German. Mathematics was required, at least a year of mathematics, a year of which I remember with sorrow and tears, but I finally surmounted that mathematical difficulty, at least enough to pass ... [laughs] . . . a course. A laboratory science was required. A freshman course in English was required. And so a laboratory science, mathematics, two foreign languages including one classical language, and English in the first two years. And one had to offer two languages upon entering-- two foreign languages. Then after the sophomore year, if one was .. made a good record, there was instituted what was called the Honors Course. And not all juniors were accepted for this, but certain juniors who had done very well in their first two years, and besides more advanced courses in English, in Greek or Latin and a modern language, and more mathematics or laboratory science if the students wanted it. There was a very interesting reading course which brought all of these so-called honors students together. Was this the Tutorial Program? It was, as I remember, at first, it was a group of students who met under various professors from time to time. For example, we read .. if we were reading Homer--I have to say in translation because few of us could read it in Greek--we met with Professor Schauroth and Professor Goetz. If it was something in history or political science, we met with a specialist in that department. If it was sociology, I remember sometimes we met with Dr. Niles Carpenter. And this was not in lieu, of course,--we still were taking advanced courses and majoring in whatever it was we wanted to major in. I was majoring in history and government. This Honors Course was separate from all of these other courses which 25 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: constituted the major or the extra major requirements. How many years did this honors program continue? It ... it changed, as I recollect, about 1930. Dr. Capen doesn't seem to have been quite satisfied with the idea that some students should be in the Honors Course and get their B.A. with Honors and others should just graduate more or less as ... [pass men] ... though I think that's the way they do at Oxford and Cambridge. But he didn't particularly like that, so eventually the system changed so that all upper classmen, juniors and seniors, became tutorial students. Sometimes they were called Honors Students, but the phrase meant something a little different from what it had when I was an undergraduate. But in this change, an instructor or a professor would meet not more than two or three students, and sometimes just a single student at one time and the instructor and his tutorial students would pursue a course of reading in some chosen subject. And in our department, in due course, we worked out a reading program based on the theme of constancy and change in historical development and institutions. And we would, in the first semester, read what might be called classical works which threw light upon this subject. And then in the second semester, as I remember it, we read contemporary works which threw light on the same subject from a contemporary point of view. So, for example, we read Sir Thomas Moore's Utopia as an example of the idea, at least, if not the practice, of a planned society in Tudor times. And then we read contemporary works on the planned· society as of the 1930's. I remember one of the books we read was George ... [Sewald] ... The Planned Society and then as an antidote to it, Walter Lippman's The Great Society. And it was quite an interesting course and I think the students liked it. This system was injured by the great influx of veterans on the morrow of World War II. Now the reason for that was not the Veterans' fault. The Veterans furnished us some of the best students that we ever had. They were really a very superior group of students and could very readily have contributed to this system that I just described. And some of them did. We kept vestigial remnants of this, but the fact is the number of veterans was so great and the number of the faculty in proportion so small that we couldn't carry on that system as it had been carried on for years before. Julian Park writes in the earlier years of UB as an experimental school. He talks about the possibility of instituting pass-fail, for instance, as a marking system. Do you feel that the University in the twenties and thirties was an innovative, experimental college? Yes, I think that .. I think Julian Park is quite right on that score. You've heard of the famous course Great Books instituted at st. John's College? Well we had that without 26 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1} Page "N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: any trumpeted fame before we read things in this Honors Course when I was an undergraduate that clearly qualified as great books: Iliad, Odyssey. I remember one of the things that I read and I read it in the .. in German--not in Middle High German, but in modern German--the [Das Nieblehubenleit?] and we read some works of Plato and other great masters of thought and literature. And that was quite innovative. Did Dr. Capen encourage this kind of thing? Oh yes! Very decidedly. Very decidedly. What was your impression of Dr. Capen? Well my impression was ... well I became a freshman at the University the very autumn when he became Chancellor. And so I was just a freshman, he was a man in his forties of great reputation, and a remarkable port and presence. So my impression of him was one co-mingled of awe and admiration. He was ... from my point of view, he was an august figure. The University was very young when .. the Liberal Arts part of it was very young when you were in undergraduate school. The College of Liberal Arts was. Yes, yes. Were the .. can you make any comments about the students--where they came from, what kinds of young men and women they were? The overwhelming majority of the students came from Buffalo and Western New York. I would think that at least three quarters of them came from Buffalo. And the College of Arts and Sciences was called, therefore, the Streetcar College. I never liked that designation very well. I went to the campus on a streetcar o•o [laughs] ... and at certain times of the day, the streetcars would be crowded with students. It was pretty much local .. the student body was pretty much local. And they were students from middle class families in the main. The old and wealthy families from Buffalo were generally sending their sons and daughters to places like vassar or Wellesley or Smith or . . Harvard--the female college there. Radcliffe. Radcliffe. And their sons went .. oh, to places like Union College, Williams College, Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Amherst, Dartmouth, et cetera, et cetera. So that, I would say, the student body in the old College of Arts and Sciences was very middle class. It was far from being proletarian and it was equally far from being plutocratic. An Aristotelian [golden mean] .•. if you will, avoiding both extremes of the social spectrum. Did most of them come from certain public high schools? Lafayette, for example? Well, I would say that there was a pretty fair division of them. A good many came from Lafayette; a good many came from Masten Park; a good many came-- as I came- from Hutchinson 27 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: Central; and well, I guess, Bennett wasn't in existence at .. in the early twenties. I forget just when Bennett opened. But in due course, many from Bennett. Those were the principle sources of supply for student body. And ethnically ... well, I'll use the expression-- ethnically they were almost exclusively lily· white. A fairly large proportion of them were of German descent, a considerable proportion of Yankee descent. At that time there weren't so many Poles in the student body as their were Italians or students of Italian descent. So ethnically, it was not the cross section that socially it was it was of the middle class. Some of the literature that went out during fund raising drives that Walter P. Cook instituted suggest that UB should be a means of Americanizing Buffalo as immigrant population. I gather that he was speaking specifically of Italians and Poles, but I gather there wasn't too much of this. Well, I'm sure that was one of their purposes and, no doubt, the college, to some extent, did serve that purpose. Well, as I say, there were quite a good many students of Italian extraction. I don't think there were, at that time in the 1920's when I was an undergraduate, very many students of Polish extraction. There was--I forgot to make mention of this--there was a very large contingent of Jewish students. The University had always been very hospitable to those people; and I would say that they were probably represented out of proportion to their numbers and the Poles were unrepresented. And then there was a scattering of other ethnic Europeans. But my impression is that the dominant groups were German and Yankee in their background. I think that .. my own view is that the high schools in Buffalo had done such a superb job of Americanizing students that all the University could have hoped to do in reality in that respect was to put a few finishing touches. Hutchinson Central High School, from which I was graduated, was really a melting pot except so far as Blacks were concerned. There were very few Blacks at Hutch when I was there and very few Blacks, I think, in any of the high schools at that time. But that was a long time ago--1920 .. in the 1920's. Did you know Earl McGrath as a ... ? Yes, I knew him quite well. I knew him very well indeed. Apparently he worked for a couple of years between high school and college. Was this a common thing? I beg pardon? Apparently he worked for a couple of years between high school and college. I didn't know that. Was this a common thing for college students to do? That I don't know. I know it was a very common thing for them to work holidays and summers toward paying tuition and 28 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "'N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: other college expenses. But whether it was common as it is now for a student to go to work for two or three years before he goes to college, I don't know. And I didn't know that Earl McGrath had done that. Now he represented ethnically the Irish group in Buffalo, though he was . . he was not typically Irish in the sense that he was Catholic. I don't think he professed much orthodox religion of any sort. He majored in German and was a first rate student, and very soon became the right hand man of Dr. Capen. This was long before the day of various Vice Presidents and Provosts, et cetera, et cetera. Dr. Capen has Earl McGrath as his Executive Aid and that was that [laughs] •.. And McGrath did a very good job. This reminds me of Emily Webster's career at the University. Apparently she graduated in 1923, I think, and immediately became Treasurer or Assistant to the Treasure. Did you know her at all? Oh yes. I know Emily Webster. We are old timers together. She .. my class was '26. Hers was '23. She was .. she majored in Latin and she and I share a great admiration for the then Chairman of the Classics Department, Philip Becker Goetz, who was from an old weal thy German family in Buffalo and a Harvard man. I think Emily reveres his memory and I do too. And Emily and I always had this common interest in Latin and common admiration for Philip Becker Goetz. And then, as you have just suggested, she became an Assistant to the Treasurer of the University, George Crofts, and in due course, became Assistant Treasurer and in due course again, was elected as an Alumna member of the Council of the University which was the corporate group which owned the University. Yes, she's had a distinguished career. You've spoken of Professor Goetz. He was from an old Buffalo family. Were many of the faculty drawn from Buffalo families? You, obviously ... Well, yes, but I was just a student until •.. Then you went on to become ... Then I went on to become an instructor in '26. I can think of several. Professor Wilfred Sherk who was the Chairman of the Department of Mathematics when I was an undergraduate, was of an old local family, I'm not sure whether Buffalo or the hither side of the Province of Ontario. But in this general region, belonged to the Sherk family which had ramifications on both sides of the Niagara Frontier. Some of the early faculty had been members of high school faculties in the very earliest days of the college. They were brought in part time to teach courses in the liberal arts to satisfy the American Medical Association that we were about the business of establishing a college. One of those was Carl Seigmund who had long been a German instructor, I think, at Lafayette High School. And I had him as an instructor in 29 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "'N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: German as an undergraduate at UB and he was a very good instructor. He ruled the roost with the discipline of a German schoolmaster, but you learned. And, he also had the nice talent of making it a pleasure to learn provided you did the right thing ... [laughs] ... I remember him with a good deal of affection. And there were others of that sort in the early days of the college. I assume that he and Professor Goetz and the others had no advanced degrees then in those early days. No. Philip Becker Goetz was B.A. Harvard. But what better could you ask ... [laughs] ... Your wife, I was very interested to learn, has a law degree from the University of Buffalo. That must have been a rather unusual accomplishment for a woman in the early 1920s. Yes, she got her Bachelor of Law degree in 1927, the year after I got my B.A. degree. And there weren't many women in her class, but she was not the only one by any means. I should think there might have been .. oh, perhaps ten women in that law class. Not more; and probably a ·few less, but I would say anywhere from seven to ten. So they were a very small minority, but they made it. Your wife did practice law--real estate law? Yes. Yes, and eventually, during the depression, she had a job with H.O.L.C. She resigned her job in the firm where she was and took this job in the H. o. L. c. And she remained in it until it was apparent that we were going to have a child and then .. well, I guess she stayed on for about a little while after our daughter was born, but not very long after that. So her legal career was not long, but it was fortunate and she thoroughly enjoyed it and she made a good success of it. You mentioned a woman professor when you were an undergraduate, Helen Dwight Reid. Yes. In those days we were the Department of History and Government. And she was appointed .. Dr. Capen did a great deal to recruit the faculty of Arts and Sciences himself, and I think he was the one who recruited Ms. Reid--Helen Louise Dwight Reid. She was a very engaging young woman. I forget what her undergraduate college was. It may have been Vassar. But she got her doctorate from Radcliffe in International Law, in a field of International Law called Servitudes. And I had her as an instructor when I was an undergraduate; and she did what we all did in those days-- we taught a variety of course in some of which we were not Ph.D. specialists. And she taught a course in the History of the British Empire which I took, and another course in Comparative Government, which I took. And I found her courses very interesting. She was at the University-- I forget for how many years--then she eventually left. And I think she taught for a while at Bryn Mawr and perhaps at Smith. I'm not sure about that. But eventually she went into the State Department and was about 30 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 1) Page "N to go on a mission for the State Department to South America. The day before she was to leave, she was killed in an automobile accident in Washington. BKS: Were there many women faculty members in the twenties and thirties? JTH: No, there were not many besides Ms. Reid. There was, in the Department of Romance Languages, Madame Casassa-- Monsieur and Madame Casassa were among the very early faculty of the college. They .. I think they had taught at Lafayette High School. And in the Department of Classics, Ms. Wilner-Ortha Wilner-- who was the daughter of an editorial writer for the old Buffalo Morning Express-- she was a member of the Classics Department. And I had a further course in Virgil from her, a very good course. She was also the coach of debating. And she was a good coach. I remember her with gratitude. I also remember her because she sent me out of class one day for disturbing the girl who was sitting in front of me [laughs] She said very [preemptorally] 'Mr. Horton, leave the room.' [laughs] ... End Tape 3, Side 1 31 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2} Page "N Emeritus professor of History Interviewed by Brenda K. Shelton on October 3, 1978 JTH: BKS: JTH: ... are we on? Yes. What I have to say about Dr. Pratt .. I'll introduce it this way. Two or three years ago at one of their delightful dinner parties given by Dr. Frederick K. Heinrich and Mrs. Heinrich--Dr. Heinrich is in the Library, you probably know him. In the Lockwood Library--My wife and I met a very interesting couple, Wayne Jordan, and his wife, Agnes Andrews. Wayne Jordan is a man of exactly my age and he has had a very interesting career as a newspaper man, as a professor and as a Marine Corps Officer. And in the course of the last two or three years, he and I have been meeting every Monday afternoon--almost every Monday afternoon regularly--where we talk about politics, history, religion, and he sometimes brings a book to read a provocative passage from which sets us off into a very controversial and delightful conversation. And then after about two hours-- he comes about 2:00-- and then at 4:00, Mrs. Jordan comes and then she and my wife and Wayne and I join in a general conversation over drinks. Mrs. Jordan, who is something of a Francophile, calls these meetings the causerie ... [d'onde] ... and these causeries have been a joy to me for the last two years. Well, one day Wayne and I got to talking about Aaron Burr--I think this was a propos of Gore Vidal's imaginative volume on that subject--and naturally we fell into a discussion about the question of Aaron Burr's treason. And the next Monday Wayne brought a rather old issue of New York History and read a wonderfully lucid and masterful article which discussed all of the literature and the sources on the question of Aaron Burr's treason, and came to the conclusion that Aaron Burr was not only a traitor, but a liar and a scoundrel. Now this paper had been written by Julius W. Pratt whom, I think, Wayne Jordan never knew personally, but knew by reputation. And so, in that way, I introduced Will Pratt, who became Professor of American History and Chairman of the Department of History and Government in the fall of 1926, the same year when I became an instructor. And he remained Chairman of the Department until 1948 when he resigned because he had already for some time been the Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and he had apparently got somewhat tired of riding both these horses at the same time. But from 1948 until his retirement ten year? later, he remained the Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and also Samuel T. Capen, Professor of American History. Now I never had Dr. Pratt as a student, but as a graduate student, you had him and I think it would be a very 32 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2) Page "'N BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: JTH: BKS: appropriate thing for you to record your experience and impressions of him as a graduate student. You wrote your M.A. thesis under his direction, if I'm not mistaken. Well do tell about that. You're a source for this aspect of the subject much more than I am. I wrote for him a recommendation which .. a number of years later, for him to become a visiting scholar and I remember trying to put into words what he had meant to me as a student and when he was my thesis advisor. He was a fine scholar who never indulged in theatrics--very quiet. And you could have heard a pin drop in his room always. Every one hung on every word. He spoke in a very low key way, but without a wasted word. His lectures proceeded in the most marvelously organized way, which didn't seem organized. It sounded as though it was the first time he'd ever said it; and yet, obviously he had been saying these same things for years and years. Very stimulating, the ideas he threw out always were the kind of ideas that would make students want to write papers on certain issues. He was one of the kindest men I've ever known--always considerate of people's personal needs. I'm afraid, in fact, sometimes people took advantage of it for this reason. He was always so kind about a student who had a personal problem. Working for him as his graduate assistant was a joy. I can believe it. He was .. He was very kindly and understanding but he was exacting, wasn't he? Oh very. Tell us about your M.A. thesis which you did under his direction, which was published as I remember it. Yes, it was on President Wilson's policy toward Russia during the First World War. Yes, he was very exacting. I went to Washington to do the research and he felt that this was a normal thing to do for a Master's thesis. I found out later it really wasn't--that many people do their master's theses under .. using the sources in the local library. He expected a great deal. He also expected a good deal in the way it was written. High literary standards. He was . . he was very precise in his use of the English language for which he had a high respect. In all the years that I knew him, conversed with him, or listened to lectures by him, I never heard him make a single grammatical error. Did you? Never. Never. I also never saw him in any way ruffled. No, he was imperturbable. Did you find that he had a sense of humor that sometimes was ... ... [puckish?] ... ... somewhat acerb? Yes. 33 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2} Page "'N JTH: ... [laughs] ... There was salt. BKS: Yes. Very definitely. Tell me about your association with him as a colleague. JTH: Well, that began in the fall of 1926. And one of the first things that I remember is that he and I and some other members of the Department, and some members of the Economics Department were together for a dinner party~-this seems to have been a strictly stag occasion--and somebody ... [laughs] ... --you'll think Aaron Burr is on my mind--somebody raised a question about Aaron Burr. And Pratt answered this question without any pedantry, without any pompousness, very simply, quietly, but very thoroughly so that we all knew what the answer to that question was, which was a rather broad question that took in a number of aspects of Burr's famous but somewhat lamentable career. I think that was really the first recollection I have of him as of the autumn of 1926. He and his wife, Louisa Williamson Pratt, lived at that time in this neighborhood on Parkside Avenue about Russell. But later they moved to 65 [Emmond] Street, Williamsville, and that's where they were living when you became acquainted with Will years later. And there they lived until they left Buffalo after Will retired from professional practice. I remember him, of course, as Chairman of the Department. He managed the Department without any fuss, with what seemed to me to be equity and fair play and he managed to make a social unit of it. For example, we got into the habit of meeting every week for lunch. And it might be of passing interest to know where first we met. At this time there was no student union or really any place on the campus itself where you could eat unless you brought your lunch in a brown bag. But there was a very good restaurant on Main Street. Do you know where the Trico Plant is? BKS: Yes. JTH: Right across from the Trico Plant. The building is still there. This was Mrs. Coker's Restaurant. And her restaurant was downstairs. And we got a very good meal. If I may indulge in pleasant thoughts about the table, we would get soup, meat, potatoes, salad, cake, pie, coffee and we paid less than a dollar. Those were the good old days [laughs] ... Well, we met there every week and then after what is now Harriman Hall was built, but then called Norton Hall, there was a very attractive dining room upstairs and we met there year after year. If there was any business that the department needed to attend to, Will brought it up and it was dispatched. But we met for a social occasion every week whether there was any business or not. And I always thought that was a very nice feature of departmental life. It continued for years throughout the time of Pratt's Chairmanship and on into mine. But in the latter days 34 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2) Page "N BKS: JTH: apparently that close collegial feeling tended to evaporate as the department got bigger and people pursued their own interests--what shall I say?--with more and more affinity. Another interesting thing when Pratt was Chairman, was the fostering by him of a history club. Had that club .. was that club still in existence when you were a graduate student? I don't remember. That club met about once a month, and it was more a social occasion than anything else though usually somebody gave a talk. Sometimes we met down in the refectory of the Grosvenor Library and sometimes we met after it was built, in Norton Union--the old Norton Union, now Harriman--and alumni came back year after year and I think it was an occasion that everybody enjoyed. But that custom did survive Pratt's Chairmanship for some years, but it's now quite gone like the foam on the fountain, the dew on the mountain. Pratt was very much interested in Capen's ideas and if there was any professor in the faculty who was more vigorous in carrying them out, I don't know who it could have been. Equally so, was Dean Julian Park, who was also a member of the Department of History. So that between the Dean and the Chairman of the Department, the Department of History and Government was really devoted to Capen's views and practices and, as I indicated a while ago, there was a good deal of fidelity to their principle in practice during Pratt's Chairmanship and for years later. And one thing that he did that I think was of great interest to all of the tutorial students was to bring .. each member of the department had tutorial students of his own, and he might meet them one at a time or never more than two or three at a time--until the influx of the veterans made this impractical. Pratt, from time to time, I can't say it would be once a month, but at intervals, he would bring all of the tutors and all of the tutorial students together for a general confabulation on appointed texts. And the discussions were lively and interesting and first rate. I remember them with a good deal of pleasure and I think other old timers would. Now what else should I say about Will Pratt as Chairman? Well, I think I may have mentioned to Ms. Peterzell the members of the department were here when Pratt came in the fall of 1926. I'll run over them. First, there was Julian Park who was the Senior Professor; Raymond Chambers who joined the Department about 1922, I think the same fall that Capen was inaugurated Chancellor. He was a Northwestern man with a Harvard Ph.D. Wilfred B. Kerr who was a Canadian who had served in the First World War and had got his M.A. afterwards at Oxford and then his Ph.D. in Toronto. That was Kerr, Chambers, Park ... on the Political Science side, Ms. Reid. Augustus Hunt Shearer, the librarian who put at the Department the disposal of the Grosvenor Library--all of its riches he put at our disposal and we 35 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2) Page "N couldn't have done work worth a tinker's damn at that time on the strength of the University Library which was inconsequential. But Shearer and Pratt worked out an arrangement by which the Grosvenor Library was at the disposal of the History and Government .. they had big reserve shelves for us down there. Our students did more studying down there, I think, than anywhere else. So he was a member of the Department part time. Then Pratt added to the Department a very interesting man, who for years, wrote an informed and fascinating column on International Affairs in the Buffalo Evening News. His name was Barnett Nover. He had gone by the time you came to Buffalo. He was a member of the Department and he always met with us at Mrs. Coker's Restaurant. And he kept his interest in the Department and gave a course there every year until he left the Buffalo Evening News and went to Washington, DC. He's now deceased. Then, when Ms. Reid departed, Pratt appointed a very capable young man named Murdoch Dawley, who was on the Political Science side for oh, perhaps two or three years, but departed from us to go to get a better paying job at Fredonia State, where he has had a long and interesting career. Then, Pratt added a man who had his, I think, his doctorate from Northwestern in Political Science, John Clark Adams, who remained throughout the Pratt regime. And then an instructor named Barton Bean who was an interesting and clever young man. I would say that Pratt's most enduring appointment was that of Selig Adler who, like myself, is an alumnus of the University Buffalo and from Buffalo he went to the University of Illinois where, in due course, he got his Ph.D., returned to Buffalo and was teaching, I think, in the Grover Cleveland High School. He met Pratt and Pratt, with his usual good judgment, sized him up as a man who ought to be in the faculty of the Department of History and Government. And so Selig Adler joined and has had a distinguished career and in a sense is a successor to Pratt because he is, as Pratt was, a Samuel P. Capen Professor of American History, and in some other ways, he has followed in the tradition of Pratt by having a great and scholarly interest in diplomatic history as well as other fields. And I would say that was Pratt's most brilliant appointment. So the Department grew under Pratt, but with the limited funds at the disposal of the University of Buffalo in those days, it ... it didn't grow to any great size and it couldn't-- there were just not the resources. But perhaps I speak too much from the prejudices of an old timer. Small as we were, we were damn good! We did a job of teaching which was very superior. Pratt was an accomplished research scholar as you know [?] I couldn't begin to tell you how many learned articles he wrote, but books. The Expansionists of 1812 which he had written before he came here, and which had been praised by 36 DR. JOHN T. HORTON (Tape 3, Side 2) Page "N Charles A. Beard in his Rise of American Civilization: the masterful researches of Julius W. Pratt have showed so and so. Well that book now has some modifications have been made in the thesis, but it was a brilliant book. Then The Expansionists of 1898; American's Colonial Experiment; The Diplomatic History of the United States, which has now gone through several editions and is widely used throughout academia wherever diplomatic history is taught; and then his last work, the full ... [dressed] ... biography of .•. BKS: . • • [Cordell Hull] .. . JTH: Cordell Hull. Now I mention these things. There seems to be a feeling abroad today in many quarters, that you're either a research scholar or a teacher. You can't be both. Pratt was a first rate research scholar. This was recognized by the profession far and wide. He was a superb teacher. You've borne testimony to that better than I can because I never formally took a course from him, but after I came back from Harvard, I did audit his course called nNew Viewpoints in American History" and everything that you say, I can corroborate. You could have heard a pin drop. Now that was not a graduate course. That was undergraduate. It was a big course. It was taught many years on the third floor in that big lecture room in Crosby Hall. And as you say, Pratt did not have a loud voice. He had a rather low voice, but he knew how to project it so that he could be heard without effort by students in the back row of that big room. And he developed this course, "New Viewpoints in American History" and I remember the first lecture in it that I heard. He began by quoting Lincoln [Stefans] ... to the effect, when he went to college he thought history would be cut and dried, it was all in the text book and then he began to find that some of the things in the text book weren't true. And Pratt developed this theme in that first lecture, pointing out that you, the students, you have a chance to add something to history by modifying some of the traditional views which were sound in their time but further research and scholarship have proved to be erroneous. He was a superb teacher of undergraduates as well as of [under]graduates and I know that from auditing. I audited this course of his for a year. So he combined both the learning of a great scholar and the skill of a great teacher ... End of Tape 3, Side 2 37
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Paper light sculptures inspired by tradition
Beth J. Harpaz / Associated Press
Two lighting sculptures on display at the Isamu Noguchi Museum in Long Island City, N.Y.
Beth J. Harpaz / Associated Press
This Noguchi lighting sculpture is for Sale in the gift shop at the Isamu Noguchi Museum.
Herb Lotz / � Georgia O'Keeffe Museum
A light designed by sculptor Isamu Noguchi hangs in the dining room of the home and studio where artist Georgia O'Keeffe lived and worked in Abiquiu, N.M.
The Noguchi lamps -- called akari, the Japanese word for light -- were inspired by traditional Japanese lanterns used in ancestor worship. Over the decades, the akari became classics of mid-20th century modern home decor.
Noguchi's original designs are still handmade in Japan; they come in a variety of colors and dozens of geometric designs -- including the widely imitated white sphere -- and range in price from $100 to $1,000. And they pop up in some pretty cool places, from painter Georgia O'Keeffe's home in New Mexico to Tony Stark's bedroom in "Iron Man 3."
The story of how the late Noguchi came to create akari is rooted in the recovery of Japan's post-World War II economy and the cross-cultural currents that influenced his spare, bold, modernist aesthetics.
Noguchi's mother was American; his father Japanese. They never married. Born in 1904, Noguchi spent years in both countries during his youth.
After World War II, he was greatly admired by the art and design community in Japan, and at some point met the mayor of the town of Gifu, where local industry centered around making lanterns for ancestry worship, using paper from mulberry trees.
"The mayor asked Noguchi, 'Can you help us resurrect our lantern business?'" said Jenny Dixon, director of the Noguchi Museum in Long Island City, N.Y. "That's how the akari were first produced. They were exported as an economic product and were well-received by the design community."
She said that Noguchi "papered them sculpturally. He didn't call them lanterns or lamps; he called them light sculptures."
Noguchi's concept "stood in sharp contrast to 1950s contemporary, modern, efficient lighting trends," said Peter Barna, provost of Pratt Institute, the art and design college in Brooklyn, N.Y.
Popular lighting options of the day included track lights, adjustable desk lamps and "pole lamps with conical shades," said Barna, a former president of an international lighting design firm.
Eventually, Noguchi developed a relationship with one family of lantern makers. The same family still produces his designs today.
"They're all handmade, each one, individually, from molds. They're not mass-produced," Dixon said. "We're now working with the third generation there, filling our orders. ... Our biggest challenge is meeting the demand."
Depending on which lamp is ordered, "you might hit the jackpot and get a lamp right away or you can wait three to six months."
Each lamp has bamboo ribbing and standard wiring, and can accommodate incandescent or compact fluorescent bulbs (45 watts for small lamps, 75 watts for large). Designs range from spheres, discs and cylinders to triangles, boxes, trapezoids, and other geometric shapes and combinations.
Most shades are white, but some are decorated in orange, green or black; a few bear abstract designs.
There are hanging lamps, as well as table lamps and floor lamps with metal legs or small black circular bases. Many appear breathtakingly elegant; others have a whimsical, futuristic look.
Noguchi Museum: www.noguchi.org
Akari can be ordered from the shop at noguchi.org/akari.html.
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More lenses
Mount type
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
We've analyzed the image quality of 33 lens models, around 70% of the current range using the native MFT mount, on the new Olympus OM-D EM-10. Read on to find out which of those lenses perform best and which, if any, you should try and avoid when paired with the new camera.
Following the lens recommendations for Lumix DMC-GX7 we've now analyzed the image quality of Panasonic's diminutive GM1 with over 33 lenses to assess the imaging characteristics specifically with the new camera. Read on to find out which of those models you should be using, and which, if any, you should try and avoid.
We've had the opportunity to analyze the image quality of Panasonic's high-end 16-Mpix Lumix DMC-GX7 mirrorless camera with over 70% of the native mount lenses that are currently available (for it). We've scrutinized a total of 33 Panasonic, Olympus and Sigma made lenses to assess the imaging characteristics specifically with the new camera. Read on to find out which of those models you should be using, and which, if any, you should try and avoid.
We've had the opportunity to analyze the image quality of Panasonic's high-end 16-Mpix Lumix DMC-GX7 mirrorless camera with over 70% of the native mount lenses that are currently available (for it). We've scrutinized a total of 33 Panasonic, Olympus and Sigma made lenses to assess the imaging characteristics specifically with the new camera. Read on to find out which of those models you should be using, and which, if any, you should try and avoid.
The Olympus OM-D E-M1 is the new flagship model in the range and features a newly-designed pro-grade body and a modified 16-Mpix sensor incorporating on-chip phase-detection pixels for backwards compatibility with the firm's 4:3 lenses.
While we've not analyze the performance of those earlier lenses on the E-M1, we have assessed the image quality of 33 models (more than 70% of the current range) using the native MFT mount.
Read onto find out which of those lenses perform best when paired with the camera.
Introduced alongside the firm's new top-of-the-range OM-D E-M1 model, this new pro-grade standard zoom is the long awaited rival to Panasonic's constant aperture G X Vario 12-35mm f2.8 ASPH model. Read on to find out how well it performs.
The depth of high quality primes and zooms for the PEN is, arguably, the most compelling reason to invest in the Micro Four Thirds system over rival mirrorless camera offerings. If you're already a PEN E-P5 owner or you're looking for advice or insights in lens performance in advance, this guide will aid you in making the right choice. Read onto find out which lens models in the range perform best optically.
As with previous guides, this review is intended to help you make the right choice when selecting lenses, in this instance, for the micro Four Thirds Olympus OMD E-M5 and the rival offering from Panasonic, the Lumix DMC-GH3. These two flagship models share not only the same mount, as partners of the Micro Four Thirds alliance, but in this particular instance, a similar 16Mpix MOS sensor as well. The prevalence of high quality primes (and let's not forget zooms) for those cameras makes it, arguably, the most attractive proposition of any of the mirrorless camera systems currently available. Read on to see which lens models are the best performing in the range.
When zoom lenses were first beginning to be viable alternatives to a bagful of prime lenses back in the 1980's there were two focal length ranges that were dominant, 35-70 and 70-200: the 'standard zoom' and the 'tele zoom'. Well this 'old' approach seems to be back, Panasonic's 35-100 for their Lumix range exactly matches the 70-200 range while their 12-35 that we reviewed recently fills the 'standard' slot.
The Micro 4:3 market is full of technology, each new generation apparently having some new enhancement, with a new, more superlative name. Panasonic is no different, but this new Lumix G VARIO 14-42 f3.5-5.6 II Asph. Mega OIS carries neither the 'Power Zoom', or the 'Power O.I.S'; there are aspheric elements but no ED glass. Without all the latest refinements is it worth having at all? Yes, it is: well priced and punches above its weight.
The Micro 4:3 market is maturing nicely: there are products available now to suit a wide range of needs. Up to now the upper end of this sector consisted entirely of fixed focal length lenses, but the Panasonic LUMIX G X Vario 12-35mm f2.8 ASPH. Power O.I.S changes all that. This is the first 'standard' zoom lens that DxO Mark has tested that really competes with fixed lenses on this format.
To website
It's almost four years since Panasonic introduced the first mirrorless interchangeable lens camera in the shape of the Lumix DMC-G1, a most unrevolutionary-looking product that ushered in a brave new era of camera system design. In the intervening years we've seen a slew of cameras of this type as all of the major manufacturers (with the curious exception of Canon) have joined the fray. We've also seen a welcome resurgence of compact fast primes along with the development of clever collapsing zooms, as manufacturers have sought to capitalise on the inherent size advantage over SLR designs. But one type of lens highly valued by more-serious photographers has been conspicuous by its absence - the high quality, large aperture zoom. Panasonic has now addressed this with a lens it's labelling H-HS12035 - an optically-stabilized 12-35mm F2.8 in its premium 'X' range.
Read the article
Added by fotofundi | January 25
Pansonic vs Olympus
How is it you have awarded the Olympus 12-40 f2.8 an overall score of 20 (Olympus OM-D E-M1 body) but only 19 for the Panasonic 12-35 f2.8?
They both score the same for sharpness - 9
The Panasonic has better transmission (T-stop) - 3.1 (Pana) vs 3.3 (Oly)
less vignetting - -0.8 (Pana) vs -0.9 (Oly)
less distortion - 0.9% (Pana) vs 1.3% (Oly)
Only on the Chromatic aberration test does the Olympus score better than the Panasonic and then by only 1um.
They are both pretty close in performance, but it seems to me the overall scores should be reversed.
Added by dCap | July 20, 2013
good comparison
this is good to see the comparison with the Oly 12 and Oly 45, from the graphs it looks like we just need to go for our personal preference: 12 & 45 on a PEN vs the 12-35 on the OMD ... these give very different size solutions and of course that extra stop for the primes
Added by ronnbot | May 07, 2013
Better than the Canikon?
Interesting comparison. Why not compare to similar lenses in other format like what was done with the 35-100/2.8?
Anyway, this lens is a good one. It has better overall score than both Canon and Nikon 17-55/2.8 with better sharpness and CA than the Canon and better transmission and vignetting than both:
Reply | Read all replies for this comment
Added by sflxn | May 12, 2013
Re: Better than the Canikon?
First, get a clue about which lens to compare with. Pana 35-100 needs to be compared with 70-200/2.8 from Canon and Nikon on a FF sensor. The dinky m43 lens isn't in the same universe as the Canon and Nikon equivalent.
Added by sflxn | May 12, 2013
Re: Better than the Canikon?
My bad. I saw the comments from the 'Forums' page. It didn't have a link back to the lens page you were commenting about. I just saw 35-100 and assumed you were talking about that lens. Now, I know you're talking about the 12-35 lens. The forums page is very poorly done on this site.
Added by bobajoul | August 24, 2012
personal use
Rented the lens for a family vacation, fantastic results. Great exposures and very sharp and vivid colors. Did punch up the saturation before use, but liked it so much i ordered one.


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The mountain resort of Beklemeto (1320m above sea level) is situated 20 km. away from the town of Troyan and offers several hotels, a restaurant, resting houses and private villas.The place is suitable for summer and winter mountain marches in the high part of the mountain, east of huts Dermenka, Dobrila, Ambaritsa and Chouchul and west of huts Kozia stena, Haidushka pesen, Echo and Vejen.
Traditional Senior Citizens Singing Competition at Beklemeto - held at the end of August.The best biathlon and cross-country runs at lengths 2km, 3km, 5km, 7km and 10km are found in Beklemeto and have been endorsed by the international biathlon and cross-country organizations FIBA and FIS. There are three lifts and three runs for alpine skiing. There is also a topographical map available for summer ski orienteering which outlines 120km of terrain. The Children's Mountain center at Beklemeto rents skis, boots, sleds, and additional recreational equipment for winter fun.


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The apostles came into one of the bastions of paganism in the ancient world, and the cry went up that "these men who have turned the world upside down have come here also …" (Acts 17:6b). Now that is an …Read More
Twilight of the Idols
The nineteenth-century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche is famous for his declaration that "God is dead." That brief dictum does not give the whole story. According to Nietzsche, the cause of the Deity's demise was compassion. He said, "God is dead; He …Read More
Two Birds, One Stone
When error comes into the church we face a set of obligations. First, we must confront the error. The world has embraced a live-and-let-live relativism that will accept any foolishness, but will not accept the wisdom of calling foolishness by …Read More
Two Kingdoms
What is the kingdom of God? It's a simple question, yet if I were to ask that same question to a hundred theologians I would likely get a hundred different answers. The kingdom of God is not some sort of …Read More
Two Kingdoms, One God
Without a doubt, the greatest theologian in the first thousand years of the church was Augustine of Hippo (354–430). His voluminous theological, exegetical, and devotional writings have had a lasting impact and continue to be studied to this day. One …Read More
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Neil Postman, in his delightful albeit ominous book Amusing Ourselves to Death, draws an insightful comparison between two important dystopian novels. Utopian novels, of course, are those designed to show us edenic cultures. Dystopian novels show us hellish futures.Read More
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Club competitions
National team competitions
27-26, 21-13, 23-16, 26-29
Jason Clark had 25 points to lead Okapi Aalstar to a key win over Mons-Hainaut as the scrap for a last 16 berth continued in Group E of the EuroChallenge.
With both teams starting the night at 2-1 this was an opportunity to make a major move, and Clark ensured it was his team who would take it with some efficient shooting, making seven of 10 from the paint and eight of nine from the line.
After a battling first quarter, Okapi began to ease clear in the second quarter and a 12-0 run turned a tied game into a 48-36 lead on Derek Raivio's free throws shortly before half-time.
Clark hit the first points of the second half and Ryan Thompson followed it with a three-pointer as they went 53-39 clear, setting the tone for a third period that took the game away from Mons-Hainaut.
Back-to-back shots from Raivio late in the period made it 68-51 and the lead hit 20, 75-55, on Larry Anderson's jump-shot early in the fourth, with no way back for the visitors.
Thompson added 19 points for Okapi while Raivio and Christopher Young had 13 each, and Thomas Dreesen added 11.
Joshua Bostic led Mons-Hainaut with 20 points while Jonathan Wallace had 19 and Monwell Randle 17.
Okapi Aalstar head coach Brad Dean"After 5 minutes I was worried about our foul trouble but my team is growing throughout the season. They take less bad decisions than in the past, so they could handle the foul trouble. The qualification for the second round is in our hands now."
Okapi Aalstar player Jason Clark"We had some difficulties to come in the game. We didn't find our rythm and made too many mistakes. But we came together and took take advantage of our strenghts. We had a nice run at the end of the second quarter and could control the rest of the game."
Mons head coach Yves Defraigne"Basically we didn't play well especially on the 1 on 1 we were dominated by Aalst. We had more shots than Okapi but we played the wrong way. We went too quick in our shot selection and they took advantage of the easy baskets to win the game."
Mons player Brian Qvale"We didn't slow Okapi down in transition. It was a high scoring game. There were a lot of 1 on 1 situations and Okapi took advantage of them to win the game."
Jason Clark
Monwell Randle


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Greatest Generation seals it with a 'Kiss'
San Diego This year marks 68 years since Bob and Beverly Evans committed to one another during a wartime wedding, at a time when their future was far from secure.
The Mission Hills spouses reaffirmed those vows Saturday with eight other WWII-era couples in the shadow of "Unconditional Surrender," the 25-foot statue of a sailor kissing a nurse in the euphoria of V-J Day.
The statue was officially dedicated at a morning ceremony full of 1940s nostalgia.
"We bring everyone we know down here to have their pictures taken next to this statue," said Beverly, 85, after the vows had been restated and the congratulatory speeches were finished. "It was the generation."
Bob, 87, served three years as a motor machinist for the U.S. Navy in the Aleutian Islands just before his wedding.
On Aug. 14, 1945, the day marking the American victory over Japan and the end of World War II, the Evanses were thousands of miles from the jubilant crowds of Times Square. The newlyweds were launching their married lives together in Bremerton, Wash., where Bob was winding down his Navy career.
When the call for donations went out last year to replace the temporary statue with a permanent bronze one, the couple was among the first to step up.
"We donated right away when they said they needed money," Bob said. "I'm very glad to see it return."
A familiar group of dignitaries and community leaders was on hand to toast the formal dedication.
Mayor Bob Filner and county Supervisor Greg Cox congratulated John "Mac" McLaughlin, the USS Midway Museum president who spearheaded the $1 million-plus fundraising drive that paid for the replacement statue.
"It's a great story that we will tell the rest of the world for years to come," McLaughlin told an audience of more than 1,000 people, just before the museum formally turned over the artwork to the Port of San Diego.
Port Chairman Lou Smith said he loved the statue, which is unofficially known as "The Kiss."
"As an engineer, I will leave the judgment of what is art to the unemployed art history majors," Smith quipped.
The dedication was co-sponsored by the Spirit of '45, a national nonprofit dedicated to keeping alive the memory and deeds of what is now known as The Greatest Generation — the men and women who defended the world from threats from Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1940s.
The Spirit of '45 unfurled a 60-foot banner on the grass near the statue that included photos of hundreds of soldiers, sailors, Marines and airmen who served during World War II.
Immediately following the ribbon-cutting by elected officials, the Swingin' Blues Sisters performed 1940s era songs dressed in period uniforms.
The statue was first brought to San Diego in 2007 amid controversy.
Fans flocked to Tuna Harbor Park, just south of the hulking USS Midway Museum, to glimpse the famous scene remade into three dimensions and to idle beneath the winsome couple. Critics decried the Styrofoam replica as kitschy or souvenirish.


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PEMBROKE — Police are still investigating accusations that Tribal Council Speaker Pearlean Revels illegally took financial documents Thursday from the the Tribal Housing Complex office, according to a police incident report obtained by The Robesonian late Friday.
Revels, however, told a reporter that she had contacted the Pembroke Police Department and was told that no charges are going to be filed against her. She also doesn't deny taking the information.
According to the police report, an officer was told by Patrick Strickland, manager of the tribe's Energy Department, that he saw Revels grab the financial documents off the desk of Sharon Bell, the tribe's finance director, and then leave the building. Bell also told the officer said that she saw Revels take the documents and attempted to stop her before she fled the building.
The 2,000 pages of documents were, according to tribal administrators, being processed to be handed over to the Tribal Council under a court agreement recently reached between the tribe's administration and council.
Revels says she turned the information over to a court judge Thursday night.
"I received a call from a judge informing me that he had received a call from Chairman Paul Brooks stating that I had stolen some papers from the tribal office," the speaker said in a statement. "He asked if I would consider returning the documents to which I stated that I would bring them to him since it was after 5 p.m. and the tribal offices were closed."
The judge is Gary Locklear; The Robesonian was unable to confirm he had the information.
Revels said that she saw a copy of the General Ledger on Bell's desk and "assumed" it was the copy for the Tribal Council. Bell, she said, told her that it was not yet complete.
Revels said she then went to the office of Brooks to discuss the Supreme Court agreement whereby the chairman would provide financial documentation that council members say is needed for them to perform their constitutional responsibility for oversight of tribal financial matters.. She said Brooks became agitated and told her that the council was not going to get anything.
According to her statement, Revels then went back to Bell's office and picked up the General Ledger that was not yet complete.
"I told her I would come back later for the remainder when it was completed," she said. "I walked out with the incomplete ledger."
Revels, who is up for re-election to her District 3 council seat in November, has been a leader among council members who have aggressively pursued the financial records they contend are necessary for them to perform financial oversight. The recently signed agreement between Brooks and the council requires that the chairman turn over certain financial records, including the General Ledger, by Friday of next week.
"The (ledger) belongs to the people," Revels told The Robesonian.
Revels said that the documents she removed from the tribal office on Thursday are records of income and expenditures of state and federal money.
"As such, these monies are mandated to have clear and transparent reporting to the public," she said.


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I noticed lately that a lot of businesses have taken a "Button down the Hatches" approach while hoping at the same time this recession blows over as quickly as possible. Many make the mistake of cutting back on their marketing, when what they should be doing is changing their target market.
Think about it for just a moment: What is the one consumer segment that is never affected during a slow economy? What segment of the population is still buying Hummers and high performance sports cars while others are waiting in line for fuel efficient hybrids? If you guessed the upper middle class, you'd be wrong. I'm not just talking about people who make over $100,000 a year. I'm talking about people who make $500,000 or more a year. This is the Ultra-Affluent.
Interestingly enough, I recently read an article recently about how yacht sales haven't slowed down a bit during the current recession. There's a company in my town that sells million dollar luxury motor homes and believe me their business is not hurting at all right now.
The ultra-affluent tend to be CEO's, business owners, surgeons of various kinds, corporate lawyers and so on. Economic slow downs do not cause them to tighten the purse strings, nor does it affect their desire to have specialty services done for them. In fact, most of these people have a greater desire to have these services done because they consider their own time extremely valuable.
Thomas Stanley, in his book, The Millionaire Mind, points out that millionaires consider time to be one of their most valuable assets. They don't squander it on tasks that they would gladly pay a professional to do.
As a detailer, you should be going up on your prices and targeting this market. Don't cut your prices with your current customers to keep them coming back. This what most service professionals do to cater to their clients, and it's one of the worst things they can do because what they've done is create more work for the same profit. Your strategy in reality should be the total opposite - Go up on your price and target to the ultra-affluent.
If you're not aiming for this market, then you are allowing your competition to gain an enormous advantage on you. You see, the ultra-affluent crowd will pay twice, even three times what you would normally be able to charge for someone in the middle class segment. In other words, you can make more profit with half the clients.
It's a proven fact that companies who sell on price eventually go out of business. For a case study on this I would strongly recommend Lawrence Steinmetz book How to Sell at Margins Higher than Your Competitors.
Of course targeting this market doesn't mean that you should drop all of your current clients. Keep the best ones, but the ones that complain about price - send them to your competition.


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TRUCKEE, Calif. — Lynn Meadows of Truckee was honored as a 2012 inductee into the International Forest of Friendship in Atchison, Kansas during ceremonies in June. The Forest is a living, growing memorial to the world history of aviation and aerospace. She was recognized for her broad and enthusiastic support of The Ninety-Nines, the International Organization of Women Pilots, and particularly the Reno High Sierra Chapter.
Lynn and her husband both earned their private pilot's certificates in 1978, and bought their first aircraft the following year. She has held many offices with her Nienty-Nines Chapter, and continually volunteers for assignments in support of the broader organization, ranging from mailings to air marking to aerospace education as well as being a director for the SW Section and a nominating committee member.
Her volunteering doesn't stop with The Ninety-Nines. She has been on the Wildlife Shelter Inc. Board of Director for 20 years, and is a member of the Truckee Tahoe Chapter of Los Medicos Voladores (The Flying Doctors).
Lynn Meadows is the consummate Ninety-Nine, dedicated to sharing her joy of aviation with newcomers and old hands. Whether she's traveling, flying, or on the ground volunteering, she is continually active, and she looks forward to her next adventure.
The International Forest of Friendship was a gift to America on the nation's 200th birthday (1976) from the City of Atchison (Amelia Earhart's birthplace) and The Ninety-Nines. It is made up of trees representing all the 50 states and 35 countries, including a "moon tree" grown from a seed taken to the moon on Apollo 14. Among the more than 1,300 honorees are such internationally recognized flyers as Amelia Earhart, Charles Lindbergh, the Wright Brothers, Sally Ride, Eileen Collins, and Chuck Yeager. The public is invited to the induction ceremonies which are held during the third weekend of June (June 21-22, 2013). More information visit www.ifof.org.


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Syria's Shameful Stars Choose Assad over their Fans
Syrian household soap and film favorite heroes, who tackle social problems on the big screen, are letting the people down in the real world. They are rallying around the Assad regime instead of standing up for their people and fans in revolution.
With enough disappointment for the Syrian people at this time, given their President's broken promise to them for reform, and his treacherous attack on them in the streets, this is another slap in the face for Syria. It is said that Assad asked the Syrian actors and actresses to reflect Syrian society in their shows, and he assured them of his continued work and support for the reform program of change he had already embarked on.
Syria like Egypt is home to a flourishing film and TV drama industry – the Hollywood of Arabia is now equally spread between Syria and Egypt, the two centres of Arabic teaching also. These actors and actresses are revered and enjoyed in the far corners of the Arab world, but are most treasured at home in Syria.
Now a revolution of hope for the people of Syria has turned into a revolution of disappointment, as the the sha-ab or 'people' looked to their celebrities, the leading light of Syrian pride, for inspiration and courage, only to to met with betrayal. Familiar household faces are now the faces of strangers, as the elite actors and actresses of the Arab film core in Syria have turned their backs on the people struggle in favor of the Regime.
In the last week, a list of Syrian Shame as it's being tagged has emerged. This list names and shames the Syrian actors and actresses who appeared on Facebook pages in their anti-revolution platforms, supporting the Regime that has let the people down. Critics of this Syrian people snub, ask the question- Have these national idols no shame? These successful figures who hold pride of place in the bosom of the Syrian family room have not yet realized that their fame and fortune came from the people- who- when it comes to celebrity- make you and can ultimately break you.
One of the most universally acclaimed Syrian dramas that has become synonymous with the Syrian drama industry, Bab El-Hara, set in a traditional old-Damascus scape and depicting the heart of the Syrian character, portrays these same actors reflecting real gritty Syrian social issues and afflictions, from revolution and heroic deeds of Syrian people to daily domestic concerns. However it seems that when it comes to real-time crisis on home soil, these actors are shown up as just that—paid professionals.
Once more, Al Bawaba shines a spotlight on the fickle nature of celebrity and where their support lies at a timewhen their fans need real-life heroes and not just fictional ones.
I am so happy that they are not afraid to say it! Well done Syrians you are truly brave for not being intimidated by these Western backed barbarians. LONG LIVE SYRIA, the axis of resistance, the peace keeper!
It looks like these "stars" see Bashar Al Assad as a leader worthy of their allegiance the same way their fellow countrymen do. They all reject the terrorist attacks and false news stories claiming this to be a revolution by the Syrian people against their own government.
shame on all of those rear end kissing actors. I mean let's face it, they became famous due to the filthy connections they had with the government.
Assad, your time is up ducky.
What this article tells me the most is that ALBAWABA is funded by the CIA, and those Gulf bigots.
Bawaba should respect the supposed neutrality of a news sourse, and not allow itself to turn into a cheap propaganda source with no credibility...
Who give you the right to say that Stars stand with the President against the Syrian people. we as Syrian are one together with our president. We as the most Syrian support our president, and I believe that the Stars have the right to say what they believe and support, if you really take care of Syrian people, SO PLEASE stop speaking in the name of Syrian people because we are the only who have the right to speak about our rights and about our president because we are Syrian and Syria is our country and Alassad is our president.
so please don't give the right to you self as writer to speak in the name of SYRIAN people.
Alabawaba is garbage. The majority of Syrians do support Assad. I speak to people in Syria and Syrians who live abroad. My wife's family is still there, and they overwhelmingly support Assad and stability. Maybe Syria can be like Egypt one day and have its churches bombed or maybe they can me like Iraw and have people being beheaded and mosques blown up every other day. Take your hidden agendas and shove them!
Out of the 23,000,000 people of Syria, only a few 10,000 are actually protesting against Assad. The rest of us are on Assad's side. Assad is NOT Gaddafi OR Mubarak. I agree that the protesters' voices should be heard, but it takes two to tango, and it is obvious some of these protesters instigate the violence on themselves. If Assad steps down, Syria is MOST DEFINITELY going to become the next Iran, and all of us minorities will undoubtedly be screwed.
"Assad is NOT Gaddafi or Mubarak?" ARE YOU EFFING KIDDING ME RIGHT NOW YOU LITTLE PIECE OF CRAP?
ALMOST 80% of the syrian people want freedom so how about you stop kissing some a!@.


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25 years later, FERS still 'excellent' plan for feds
Wednesday - 12/12/2012, 12:13pm EST
A quarter century ago, federal workers experienced a big shakeup in their retirement planning. That's when the Federal Employee Retirement System superceded the Civil Servant Retirement System.
In our Special Report - FERS: 25 Years Later, Federal News Radio is looking at FERS' impact over the last 25 years.
Arthur Stein, a financial planner and former fed told The Federal Drive with Tom Temin and Emily Kopp Wednesday that FERS has been a boon for feds.
"Twenty-five years ago, I think the federal government was looking at the cost of the [Civil Service Retirement System] and it was extremely generous, very expensive and they were also looking at what was going on in the private sector and state and local governments too, which were downsizing their retirement systems to something less expensive and more affordable," Stein said. "So, they came up with FERS, which is probably the second-best retirement system in the United States. The best one being CSRS."
Arthur Stein, financial planner and former federal manager
What makes FERS so great, he said, is that it provides federal employees with two pensions (the federal annuity and Social Security) and the Thrift Savings Plan with a 5 percent match.
On top of that, feds receive subsidized health insurance and a relatively high level of job stability.
"This is just a very powerful, excellent package," Stein said. "Most people in the United States, if they understood what was going on, would be extremely jealous of the benefits that FERS employees have."
Unlike under the older system, most FERS employees during their retirement, if they have a long retirement, are going to need to take money out of their investments to subsidize their Social Security and pension, Stein said. This is because the cost of living adjustment is not as generous and the pension is not going to be as high a percentage of someone's salary as with CSRS.
"Putting money in the Thrift Savings Plan, investing appropriately, these are really key decisions for all FERS employees," he said.
When FERS was introduced 25 years ago, it was perceived as a downgrade of the older retirement system, although it was still a very generous system.
"I'm sure that people at the time thought it was an assault on their benefits, although existing employees didn't have to switch, as I understand it," Stein said. "But it's still a great system, and I don't think people should sit around and worry about whether it was a downgrade at this point or not. What they need to think about is, 'Hey, I've got a great set of benefits, and if I handle them appropriately, I'm going to have a very comfortable and secure retirement."
Making contributions to FERS
While many other retirement systems struggle today, FERS continues to thrive, mostly because it's got the federal government behind it.
"You're not hearing anyone say, 'Oh, we're going to run out of money funding FERS,'" Stein said. "Or, 'There's not enough money to pay the FERS pension.' And you are getting those kind of arguments and concerns with state and local governments, which can't run budget deficits."
According to Stein, younger federal employees need to answer three questions when it comes to their FERS planning:
- How much money should they put into their TSP?
- Which funds should they put the money in?
- Should they choose a Roth TSP or a regular TSP for their contributions?
An employee should put in at least 5 percent into their TSP account, Stein said, because the government matches the first 5 percent of their contributions. "It's like doubling your investment automatically, right away," he said. "That means right away they're getting 10 percent of their salary going into the TSP. That's a good number to start with."
In choosing which fund to invest in, Stein recommends younger feds put a "healthy dose" of their money in the stock funds — the C fund, the I fund and the S fund.
Different factors figure in whether to go Roth or "regular."
"Money that goes into the regular TSP, that's deducted from someone's salary, that's going to reduce their taxable income," Stein said. "When they withdraw the money, when they're retired many decades later, the money they take out is going to be taxable."
With a Roth contribution, the money put into the TSP does not reduce the employee's income at the time of the contribution; therefore, that money is not taxable when it's withdrawn years later. "Which is a huge benefit," Stein said, "but, of course, very far in the future."
For that reason, Stein said younger people, who most likely have lower income levels than long-time feds, would receive less of a benefit from the tax deduction.
"Their money, of course, hopefully, is going to grow over a very long period of time," he said. "I like the Roth TSP for their contributions. The federal government match is always going to be into the regular TSP, so they do have a foot in both worlds. They've hedged their bets a certain amount just by the nature of the way the system is set up."
Arthur Stein is a financial planner with Arthur Stein Financial, LLC. Inc., in Bethesda, Md. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.
More from FERS: 25 Years Later
Couple navigates FERS-CSRS retirement divide
Your Turn - FERS: 25 Years Later
Fight for federal retirement overhaul offers lessons for today's fiscal challenges
TSP Tracker: Annual returns from 1987 - today
FERS pioneers examine past, present and future of retirement fund


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