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Questions & Answers
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Get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
Q:My hair is bleached & colored bright red and now I wanted to have a warm brown hair I used cacao brune but and lleave it on my hair for 3 hours and when I washed it my hair colour still red!!! Can you tell me way my hair didn't become brown? ?Asked on 5/25/2015 by Aj
1 answer
A:Henna works a bit differently than traditional hair dyes. You might need to leave it on longer than other people would because your hair is already color treated. I would actually recommend leaving it on for an additional 2 - 4 hours in your instance because the Henna has to work harder to coat the hair - similar to a varnish without a base coat.Answered on 5/26/2015 by Alexander from Lush Direct
Q:I have previously color-treated reddish hair, will Caca Brun be able to cover the red and is there a possibility it will react with previously color-treated hair?Asked on 5/8/2015 by Endlessly from Minnesota
1 answer
A:The henna works by coating the hair and moisturizing, so it wouldn't cause damage. It should be fine over the red hair, however you may need to layer it a few times depending on how dark you want your hair. Please note darker henna colors like Noir or Brun use indigo a big part of the colorant. Indigo work via oxidization, so don't wrap this one up. Let it get lots of air for the best color results.Answered on 5/15/2015 by Lana from Lush Direct
Q:Can you use this product on your eyebrows as well?Asked on 5/3/2015 by Kat
1 answer
A:We don't recommend using the henna near the eyes at all, so it is best kept to your hair!Answered on 5/14/2015 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
Q:I have long, thick, curly hair. My hair reaches almost to my butt. Do you think one bar would be enough for one application or should I consider buying two?Asked on 4/27/2015 by Kat
1 answer
A:Since your hair is thick and curly, using both will definitely give you great coverage! I think it would be best to purchase two, but only use half of the second bar so you can still have half if you have too much or too little.Answered on 4/29/2015 by Pauline
Q:Will the henna also stain the skin on my head? I cut my hair very short so the scalp is exposed and I wouldn't want my whole head to be visibly hennaed.Asked on 3/12/2015 by A
2 answers
A:I use Lush henna regularly. The answer is probably yes. Henna temporarily stains my scalp, but it washes out in a day or 2. Totally worth it. Good luck!Answered on 3/12/2015 by Anonymous
A:Yes, our hennas temporarily stain the skin that's why we suggest using Superbalm on your hair line so it doesn't stain. When I use henna it's not really a problem, but I do have long thick hair so it conceals it. I would definitely give it a try, but also keep in mind that it will temporarily stain it for a day or so. Good luck!Answered on 3/21/2015 by Pauline from LUSH Digital
Q:I have light to medium brown hair with and want a darker, deeper brown with no red (or as little as red as possible). I can't decide between the brun and marron. Which will likely have the least red?
Also is it true wrapping it leads to more red? Why is that - not sure I understand why wrapping it will bring out more red.Asked on 3/2/2015 by Beckie
2 answers
A:The Henna Brun will give you the richest brown color, without adding red tones to your hair. Using a wrap around your hair can allow the henna to process the red color more efficiently, allowing a richer color, sped up by heat. If you are interested in keeping your hair as free from red tones as possible, I would recommend not using a wrap around your hair as you are allowing the henna to be absorbed.Answered on 3/21/2015 by Emily from LUSH Direct
A:Hi Beckie, I used both marron and brun and would definitely go with brun. Marron gave me a sort of chestnutty colour with a lovely red gloss and brun gave me a shiny brownish colour. My natural hair is a very dark ashy blonde (most people would identify it as light brown but hairdressers tell me it is ash blonde...)
I always wrap and I wrapped brun too but it does not seem to have much red really. Apparently the longer the henna retains the heat the more red it will become, that is where the wrapping comes in. It is simply a way to keep your head warm. Hope this helps!Answered on 3/17/2015 by The Green Queen from Ireland
Q:Can i mix two henna hair dyes? i want to get a very dark brown and was thinking about mixing caca nior with caca brun in the ratio of about 1 nior cube to 3 brunAsked on 2/25/2015 by Syd the squid from st louis
1 answer
A:Definitely! You're more than welcome to play around with our henna dyes to achieve the shade you want - finding the right combination can be part of the fun!Answered on 2/27/2015 by Meg from LUSH Direct
Q:Does this product work to cover up gray hairs? If so, about how long does it last?Asked on 2/13/2015 by BL
2 answers
A:It does a great job with covering gray hair. My gray streaks turn into red
to light brown highlights that look like the really expensive salon
highlights and lowlights friends get, or better really because it looks
more natural.
The color lasts longer than it takes me to grow out objectionable amounts
of gray roots. When i color now, for my bra-strap length hair, i use a
square of brun and half a square of marron and focus on my roots. Once
they're covered i spread the remainder on the rest of my hair and put it up
french roll style. I put a baggie on my head and wait three hours. Clearly
the length of my hair gets some color boost but not much, so I'd say it
lasts a very long time.Answered on 2/16/2015 by Anonymous
A:Unfortunately, our Caca Brun doesn't work very well to cover the gray in hair, because it has a hard time dying the hair follicle. I would recommend using Caca Rouge and then layering your hair until you've reached your desired colour!Answered on 2/13/2015 by Pauline
Q:The top half of my hair is golden brown, while the bottom is dark brown. I've never dyed it before, and I want all of my hair to be a dark-ish brown. I'm okay with slightly red undertones, but I don't want my hair to have any noticeable red in it. Is there a special way I should use this, or should I just not use it at all?Asked on 1/18/2015 by kc from austin, TX
2 answers
A:Follow the directions in the pamphlet that's wrapped around the henna block and you should achieve shiny, chocolaty locks!Answered on 3/21/2015 by Kels from LUSH Direct
A:In my experience, the longer you leave it in, the redder it will be - leave it in just a couple hours to get maximum brown with minimum redness. (I leave it in 6-8 hours, and my hair is very red in the sun.)Answered on 1/25/2015 by Zara from St. Louis, MO
Q:I have medium to dark brown hair that is 50% grey. I am desperate to stop coloring it and find a natural healthy alternative but am wary of the awkward in between.
I have salon colored my hair for over 20 years and right now I have about a half inch of regrowth...seriously considering using this but worried it wont blend...suggestions??Asked on 1/8/2015 by mj from new jersey
2 answers
A:It will be quite difficult to blend the regrowth with your previously colored hair, but over time you should be able to find an overall color that works for you. The nice thing about henna is that you can reapply as often as you need to to build the color you are looking for. Definitely be sure to do a strand test ahead of time so you can make sure you are getting the results you are looking for.Answered on 2/13/2015 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
A:So the thing about Henna is that it wont give you an all around color. Any highlights/roots/grays you have will not blend in with everything else. So for example your brown hair will become darker, and so will your grays, but just not the same amount of darker. I would still recommend doing it because your hair will feel very healthy and soft (cause no chemicals is amazing!). I would say do henna it, and then 4-6 days later henna it again, or even just henna the grays/roots to make it a bit more even!
Hope I helped!Answered on 1/9/2015 by Kaylee from Milwaukee
Q:I don't really love the color this dye gave me, how long until my hair color returns to normal?Asked on 1/3/2015 by abc
2 answers
A:You will likely notice the color fade very slightly over time, but the nice thing about henna is that you can color over it as often as you like!Answered on 2/13/2015 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
A:I'd say 40 to 60 days the most, the more often you was your hair, the fater it will fade. If you use a shampoo with sulfur and salicilic acid (such as the ones used for dandruff relief), the color may fade away faster :) Good luck! I hope it did not give you a headache too, like it did to me (I love my color though!).Answered on 1/12/2015 by Product junkie momma from Alexandria, VA
Q:I have a light red/brown hair color and it's VERY curly. How will the Henna effect my hair?Asked on 12/30/2014 by KJ
2 answers
A:It is always best to do a strand test ahead of time to see how henna will work for you particularly. Henna tends to work differently on different hair and while we give guidelines, it can really change depending on the person.Answered on 2/13/2015 by Melissa S from LUSH Direct
A:its an individual thing. I have done henna every few months for about 30 years. In younger days I used it as a wonderful conditioning treatment. If you use the colored henna, its a subtle color change, deepened color of your own tone. Henna gives glossy, shiny hair that is wonderfully conditioned, with beautiful golden red highlights. THAT is why I've done it all these years. Now that a few grays are popping out, it covers gray nicely.Answered on 12/30/2014 by Anonymous
Q:When is it safe to use a chemical dye after using this henna? I've used the henna twice and didn't get the results I was hoping for.Asked on 12/27/2014 by Heather from United States
1 answer
A:There are some tricks to using henna, so please feel free to reach out to Customer Care if you are unsure about which one to use, or how to use it as it really does make a difference!
I would say that if you want to go back to chemical dyes, try to wait at least a couple of weeks if you can just to give your hair a break, but if you simply can't stand the wait, then strand test the dye before applying it to the entire hair to see how it takes. The worst that's likely to happen if you use the hair dye too soon after henna, is that the colour might not take.
The reason why stylists sometimes advise against using a chemical dye after using henna is because some unnatural brands of henna contain metallic compounds that react with the ammonia activator in synthetic hair dyes. Caca Brun does not contain anything of the sort. :)Answered on 12/29/2014 by Anonymous from LUSH Direct
Q:I recently applied this product to my hair (about two days ago), and I love the color, however, my hair is extremely dry now. I've been conditioning it very throughly, but I just can't seem to get he natural softness of my hair back. How long will it be until my hair returns to the silkiness it was beforehand? Is there any sort of product I can use that will make it soft?Asked on 12/25/2014 by Aida A from VT
2 answers
A:I would also recommend coconut oil! put it into dry hair, let it sit for about 20 min, and then wash it out!Answered on 1/9/2015 by Kaylee from Milwaukee
A:Hi there! Thanks for your question!
Sorry to hear that! I would recommend using "H'SUAN WEN HUA" Hair TreatmentAnswered on 1/2/2015 by Anonymous
Q:About an hour ago I finished applying Caca Brun to my hair. I had just gotten back from getting my hair cut, and so my hair was clean, but unfortunately had a few products in it. I'm wondering if this will harm my results.Asked on 12/22/2014 by aca from Shelburne, VT
1 answer
A:Hi there! Thanks for your question. I'm sure it wont harm your results!Answered on 1/2/2015 by Anonymous
Q:How long will this henna last in my hair/will I need to touch up my roots or will it just fade out of my hair?Asked on 11/11/2014 by Ellie
2 answers
A:Henna is a semi-permanent hair color, so it will fade as your hair grows. It stays in your hair for about 2-3 months, so even though the fade out will look really natural you may want to touch up your roots to maintain the vibrant color.Answered on 11/12/2014 by Anonymous
A:The henna doesn't fade like regular hair color and it will last a long
time. You will only need to touch up your roots if they are gray or much
lighter than the henna color you are applyingAnswered on 11/11/2014 by Anonymous
Q:Should my hair be wet, dry, or damp when applying the henna? I've read the instructions and reviews but haven't found an answer... Ready to try henna for the second time and hoping it will be a bit less messy this time!Asked on 10/30/2014 by T from Chicago
2 answers
A:Apply the henna on dry hair then rinse, shampoo, and condition hair.Answered on 11/5/2014 by Jeanine from LUSH Direct
A:I've always applied to dry hair. Can't say if it is "right" but it has
certainly worked well.Answered on 11/1/2014 by Anonymous
Q:What will this do to my bright orange red hair?Asked on 10/14/2014 by Courtney
1 answer
A:You'll achieve a rich brown color with green pigments.Answered on 10/14/2014 by Anonymous
Q:Is this better used on dirty or clean hair?Asked on 9/17/2014 by Rkat
1 answer
A:Henna is best used on clean or product free hair. You don't nessesarily need to wash and dry your hair right before use, day old hair is fine as long as it is not loaded with products.Answered on 9/25/2014 by Kayla from LUSH DIRECT
Q:I have medium brown hair that is about 25% grey in front. thinking of using the Caca Brun. However, it is also chemically colored brown with a demipermanent dye and recently colored over a few blond highlights(highlights are colored over now). Will this cover my grey? How long should I wait after the chemical service?Asked on 9/10/2014 by Dee Dee from Minnesota, US
2 answers
A:The henna hair color will effect each color in your hair differently and for this reason you may notice some areas will turn out lighter or darker than others depending on the color that they are now. The color will continue to develop over a 24 hour period and you can leave the product on for a longer period of time to develop a deeper shade, although this may still effect the colors in your hair differently. The color will help to cover the gray that you have, but as I mentioned above, this may not deepen in color as much as any darker hair that you have. I would suggest that you do a strand test to determine your best course of action and how long to leave the henna on to develop the desired result.
You should wait a good amount of time after dying/using chemicals on your hair as it can damage your hair to use henna before the chemical coloring has grown out.Answered on 9/11/2014 by Michelle from LUSH Direct
A:You have to wait a long time to use henna after dying/using chemicals on
your hair. It will damage your hair if you use henna before the dye grows
out.Answered on 9/10/2014 by Anonymous


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Kettlebell workout can be tailored to skill level, age
Dan Bates / The Herald
Jennings Park in Marysville, fitness trainer Tracey Mackie leads a kettlebell class through Marysville Parks and Recreation.
Dan Bates / The Herald
On the grass at Jennings Park in Marysville, Tracey Mackie gives instruction for a hip flexer stretching exercise with kettlebells.
Dan Bates / The Herald
At Jennings Park, Nancy Anderson (foreground) her daughter Jill Morehouse and Jan Ruddell, all of Marysville, practice a lunge and elbow rotation with kettlebells.
John Hahn uses a 25-pound kettlebell between his legs while stretching and flexing his hips in an exercise class at Jennings Park.
Dan Bates / The Herald
At the start of a kettlebells class, at Jennings Park, Jill Morehouse (left) skips and performs knee lifts to loosen up with her parents, Nancy and Chuck Anderson of Marysville.
Then, the family found one workout they could do together that worked for each of them.
Using weighted balls called kettlebells, they can each workout to their specific skill level in one class.
Fitness instructor Tracey Mackie teaches the classes.
"Kettlebells is great because you don't have to be perfect; skill level, injury and age is not a barrier," Mackie said.
"I'm aware of who is in my class and can help them get a workout for their skill level. They're getting more than just coming to swing some little ball around."
Mackie's classes use kettlebells for cardio, strength and flexibility training. Using the round, handled weights, people can burn 20 calories per minute while working out more muscles than weight training and elevating their heart rates.
"It's a full body workout all in that basic swing," Mackie said.
Before kettlebell training, Nancy Anderson, 53, tried Zumba and jazzercise, but said she didn't enjoy the workouts. She and Morehouse, 33, joined in September, just after Morehouse gave birth to her third child.
"I'm a typical 'nonexerciser.' I don't like to exercise, but I really like this because it's something I feel like I can do," Anderson said. "(Mackie) wants you to listen to your own body and go at your own pace."
Morehouse said she had never really worked out before.
"I just wanted to get in shape to keep up with my kids," she said. "I like that I get a really good workout. I can really feel my muscles build and get stronger consistently."
Chuck Anderson, 59, played baseball and football in high school and has stayed active since. He was doing the P90X home workout program before joining his wife and daughter in kettlebells classes last month.
"It's intense enough for me. The best part about kettlebells is you don't feel like you're working out that hard, but you are," he said. "I use a heart rate monitor, and it's gotten higher than I ever got with P90X."
Mackie teaches kettlebell training in 30-minute classes on Tuesdays and Thursdays in Marysville and on Mondays in Everett through each city's parks and recreation department.
"When they come to my class, we are just streamlining that baby down," Mackie said. "For them to get a real workout in 30 minutes, we want to do everything right. Every squat counts, every press counts."
After 18 years in the fitness industry, Mackie said she has tried everything from aquatics to kickboxing, but nothing was really exciting until she came across kettlebells four years ago.
"It's simple, doable, and I really saw a difference in my own body," she said.
She now teaches the workout exclusively.
To get started, Mackie asks that people come and watch the program.
"It's a tough workout, but I can ease them into it," she said. "I don't recommend them to just pick one up and start swinging."
Ashley Stewart; 425-339-3037; firstname.lastname@example.com.
Kettlebells classes
Cost: $40 to $45 per month for two classes a week through the parks and recreation departments.
Tracey Mackie offers personal training at your home for $50 to $55 per hour.
Where: Mondays at Forest Park, 802 E. Mukilteo Blvd, Everett; Tuesdays and Thursdays at Jennings Park, 6915 Armar Road, Marysville.
For more information: Marysville Parks and Recreation, 360-363-8450; Everett Parks and Recreation, 425-257-8300, ext. 2.
Tracey Mackie: 425-750-9042.
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subset: commoncrawl


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photo 1 of 137
Rony Jason
TRAINING: I wake up at 8:00 am and run 40 minutes. At midday I go to the gym and I train very hard. After the gym I go home, play videogames and play with my dog that I love, I do other things and wait for the next training session at 21:00pm. For my diet I basically eat proteins, fruits, vegetables and a lot of water.
When and why did you start training to become a fighter? I always liked martial arts, and I started because of a classmate. I started in Jiu Jitsu because I was a fan of the Gracies and I always liked to test myself and think that I could be a big gladiator.
Getty Images reserves the right to pursue unauthorized users of this image or clip. If you violate our intellectual property you may be liable for: actual damages, loss of income, and profits you derive from the use of this image or clip, and, where appropriate, the costs of collection and/or statutory damages up to $150,000 (USD).


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September 29, 2008
Vol. 24 , No. 02
The Future of America's Preeminence in Asia
As the Bush administration enters its final months in office, the salient question on the minds of most Asians and many policy studies experts and academics is what sort of Asia will this administration leave to the next one, whether Democrat or Republican? Do the Beijing Olympics finally mark the point at which the United States has lost its preeminent postwar position in Asia? Is America's "Eastern Sunset" on the horizon? How has the United States handled relations with China? Have the alliance relationships with Japan and South Korea suffered? Where will the North Korea nuclear negotiations be when Obama or McCain take office? And what of America's position in Southeast Asia?
Helping us to answer these and other questions is Victor Cha, Director of Asian Studies and D.S. Song Chair in the Department of Government and School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. He left the White House in May 2007 after serving since 2004 as Director for Asian Affairs at the National Security Council. At the White House, he was responsible primarily for Japan, the Korean peninsula, Australia/New Zealand and Pacific Island nation affairs. Dr. Cha was also the Deputy Head of Delegation for the United States at the Six Party Talks in Beijing, and received two Outstanding Service commendations during his tenure at the NSC.
He is the award-winning author of Alignment Despite Antagonism: The United States-Korea-Japan Security Triangle (Stanford University Press, 2000) (winner of the 2000 Ohira Book Prize) and co-author of Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies (Columbia University Press, 2004). He has written articles on international relations and East Asia in journals including Foreign Affairs, International Security, Political Science Quarterly, Survival, International Studies Quarterly, and Asian Survey. Professor Cha received a doctoral degree from Columbia University. He is a former John M. Olin National Security Fellow at Harvard University, two-time Fulbright Scholar, and Hoover National Fellow and CISAC Fellow at Stanford University. His new book Beyond the Final Score: The Politics of Sport in Asia (Columbia University Press) will be released in 2008.
The Keck Center for International and Strategic Studies at CMC is honored to sponsor Victor Cha as the Freeman Foundation Visiting Professor of Asian Affairs.
To Drill or Not to Drill? Lessons from Brazil for the U.S. Alternative Energy Debate
In the current election cycle, both political parties are talking about the United States' addiction to foreign oil, and possible ways to end this dependence. Some suggest encouraging alternative energy, while others suggest drilling off the coast of the United States. Yet, despite all this talk about the dangerous dependence on foreign oil, nothing has changed. The United States still imports over 10 million barrels of oil a day. Maybe it's time for the United States to take a hint from Brazil. Why Brazil? Brazil is the only economically advanced country which has slashed its dependence on foreign oil. In only a number of years, Brazil has gone from importing almost 80% of its oil to currently importing only 10% of its oil, a feat accomplished through increasing domestic oil production and creating the most advanced alternative energy policy in the world. In fact, 60% of Brazil's demand for fuel comes from sugar cane ethanol. Professor Marc Weidenmier has dedicated time to determining what the United States can learn from Brazil when it comes to energy policy.
Weidenmier is the inaugural William F. Podlich '66 Associate Professor of Economics, George R. Roberts Fellow, and the director of the Lowe Institute of Political Economy at CMC. A research associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research, he is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Economic History, and the Journal of Monetary and Financial History. Professor Weidenmier has published in a vast array of scholarly journals including the American Economic Review, the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Journal of Financial Economics. He received his B.A. from the College of William and Mary and received his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.
The Strange and Wonderful in Medieval Persian and Arabic Literature and Art
Roy P. Mottahedeh is the Gurney Professor of History in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and director of the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University. A major Islamic social historian, Roy Mottahedeh focuses his scholarship on the premodern social and intellectual history of the Islamic Middle East.
Professor Mottahedeh's books include: Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Society (2001), The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran (1985), and Lessons in Islamic Jurisprudence (2003). He has also written numerous articles and serves as the faculty adviser for the Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review and is currently working on a history of southern Iraq from the end of monarchy to the American-led invasion. In June 2006, the University of Lund in Sweden awarded him an honorary doctorate.
After completing his undergraduate studies in history at Harvard, Mottahedeh studied Persian and Arabic at Cambridge University in England. He continued his graduate studies at Harvard and was elected to the Harvard Society of Fellows, receiving his Ph.D. in 1970. Mottahedeh joined Harvard's History Department faculty as professor of Islamic history in 1986. From 1987 to 1990, he served as director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Mottahedeh was among the first MacArthur Prize Fellows and has also received a Guggenheim Fellowship.
Financial Crisis Panel Discussion
S. BROCK BLOMBERG, moderator
LUNCH 12:00 p.m. LECTURE 12:30 p.m.
The Wall Street Journal has pronounced the financial crisis that began 13 months ago as "The Worst Crisis Since the 30s, with No End Yet in Sight." The Robert Day School of Economics and Finance will host a timely panel discussion on the current financial situation on Thursday, October 2nd at noon at the Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum.
The recent turmoil in the financial sector has led to significant changes in the landscape of the markets. As government intervention and consolidation activity increases, new problems are arising seemingly every day. In order to gain different perspectives on the various issues, a group of panelists featuring CMC faculty members and practitioners will share their views on the unfolding crisis.
During the discussion, the panel will reflect on the causes and consequences of the unraveling of the financial sector. Specific topics may also include comparisons to other historical financial crises, moral hazard issues associated with bailouts, the role of credit default swaps, the involvement of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the role of regulation in creating the crisis, the outlook for the industry and economy, and implications for the job market.
The panelists' background information can be found on the Robert Day School website at http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/rdschool/about/.
Peace and Excitement: A Sitar Concert
How Mongol Was the Mongol Empire?
The gigantic Mongol Empire built by Genghis Khan and his descendants became the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world. At its peak as a unified empire under a single khan, it stretched from China, Korea, and Southeast Asia across all of Central Asia and westward into Russia, Persia and the Middle East. Even after the unified empire fragmented into five rival khanates, they still were ruled by descendants of Genghis khan.
The traditional view of the Mongols' own contribution to the establishment of their empire in the 13th century is that it was essentially military. They were supremely effective cavalrymen, but in other respects were uncouth, even brutal. They had little interest in the active administration of their vast empire, which they were content to leave in the hands of non-Mongols such as the Persians and the Chinese, so long as the tax revenue came in. Recent research has suggested that this impression is in part a result of the nature of much of the surviving source material, and that in fact we have gravely underestimated the Mongols. Their initial conquests were indeed brutal, but thereafter they played a major and active role in both cultural transmission across Eurasia and in the actual government of the territories over which they ruled.
How was it possible for a small number of nomads to build a formidable war machine capable of world conquest and then govern a heterogeneous empire inhabited by peoples of divergent ethnicities, religions, and cultures? Is it appropriate to speak of a "Mongol" empire or was the reality something very different? These are some of the questions to be addressed by David O. Morgan, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin. Professor Morgan is a specialist on the Mongols and the Middle East. His publications include The Mongols (1986), Medieval Persia 1040-1797 (1988), and numerous articles including "The Mongol Empire in World History."
David Morgan's lecture at the Athenaeum is jointly sponsored by the Athenaeum, the department of history at CMC, and the Pacific Basin Institute at Pomona College.
Straight Talk: What Are the Presidential Candidates Really Trying to Say?
RECEPTION 5:15 p.m. DINNER 5:45 p.m.
In an election where so much is at stake, we need to step back from the day-to-day political cycle and look at this election from a different perspective. It's time to stop thinking about the best attack ads, and whose 527 or PAC group is the most effective at smearing the other candidate. It's time we start thinking about why this election is so important. Why is the world watching this election with such great fascination? In this special Athenaeum event, we will televise the second presidential debate and hear analysis and thoughts from special guest Ta-Nehisi Coates. In addition to discussing this debate, Mr. Coates will also reflect on the vice presidential debate and the fascinating dynamics of the fall election.
Mr. Coates is a well-known social and political commentator who has written for the Atlantic Monthly, O Magazine, The New York Times Magazine, the New York Times, Time, the Village Voice, and Washington Monthly. He recently published his memoir, The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood (2008), to rave reviews. Mr. Coates' blog at TheAtlantic.com contains his thoughts on everything from politics to race, to sports. As he puts it best: "Originally from West Baltimore, Ta-Nehisi Coates was educated in the city's public school system and became a notoriously bad student. His mother was a teacher; his father was a book publisher. So naturally Coates was often punished by being forced to write essays explaining his wayward behavior. He has since credited these essays as his first introduction to writing as a way of expression." Coates graduated from Howard University, and in 1998 won the Washington Area Society of Professional Journalists' award for outstanding arts criticism.
In order to allow sufficient time to watch the debate, which begins at 6:00 p.m. PST, dinner will start earlier than usual. The reception starts at 5:15 p.m., dinner begins at 5:45 p.m.
Funding the Judiciary: The Neglected Branch
Chief Justice John Roberts is on record as saying that the low level of judicial pay in the United States is reaching a "constitutional crisis." He may be right — in 2008 the Chief Justice of the New York State Supreme Court sued the New York Legislature and Governor David Paterson to force the first judicial salary increase in New York since 1999. Low pay makes judges unhappy, but what real impact does low judicial pay have on those who serve? Do less qualified people hold these positions? Do the good ones stay for a shorter amount of time? According to previous studies, the answer is no to all these questions. There is no impact of the low salary on the quality of judges who serve in our nation's judiciary.
However, all the previous studies that have been done on judicial pay only focus on the federal courts. Professor Eric Helland has set out to discover if there is an impact of low judicial pay on the quality of judges in state appellate and supreme courts. This ambitious project has not been attempted before because there was no comprehensive set of data on state judges. Professor Helland created this large database of information on judges and the salaries they receive. From this data he was able to determine the effect of low judicial pay on the quality of state judges. In his talk, Helland will analyze the impact of low salaries on state courts.
Professor Eric Helland is the inaugural Robert J. Lowe Professor of Economics at Claremont McKenna College. In addition to his position at CMC, Professor Helland is the Senior Economist at RAND Corporation's Institute for Civil Justice. From 2003-2004 he served as the Senior Staff Economist at the President's Council of Economic Advisors. Professor Helland received his B.A. from the University of Missouri and received his Ph.D. from Washington University.
WordsWorth Society Lunch
LUNCH 12:00 p.m.
CMC's Founding Trustee Donald McKenna delighted in coming to the Athenaeum; and one of his favorite activities was attending the regular WordsWorth Society lunches. The Athenaeum is reviving the spirit of the WordsWorth Society by hosting a lunch to commemorate Donald McKenna's 101st birthday. Please join professor Ward Elliott in exploring the joy of a rich vocabulary.
Ward Elliott is a charter menber of the WordsWorth Society. The Burnet C. Wohlford Professor of American Political Institutions at CMC, Professor Elliott was awarded the Roy C. Crocker Prize for Merit in 1984 and a Presidential Award for Merit in 1999 by Claremont McKenna College. A wordsmith also known for the singing parties at his home, Ward, as keeper of the flame, looks forward to learning some new words.
The only requirement for the lunch is that you bring along an interesting word that you have researched: history, derivation, meaning, and usage. Come by for lunch and celebrate a true McKenna tradition!
Hazing, Harassment, Alcohol, and the Internet
Many surveys suggest that over 80% of college athletes are hazed at some point in their athletic career. Examples of hazing range from members of the Los Angeles Dodgers shredding the clothes of rookie pitcher Chan Ho Park to individuals dying of alcohol poisoning. Hazing and athletic initiations have received more scrutiny lately with photos of these events being easily found online at sites including MySpace and Facebook. These photos have shut down some athletic programs and led to the firing of athletic coaches. Janet P. Judge, Esq. is an expert on sports and employment law. She uses her experience as an attorney to discuss social websites, drug and alcohol use, hazing and harassment, and the potential legal consequences of student-athlete conduct. In addition, Ms. Judge discusses the future employment implications for those who are involved in college athletic infractions, and those who post damaging personal information online.
Attorney Janet Judge focuses her practice on collegiate sports law and employment counseling at Sports Law Associates, LLC. She is the co-author of the newly released NCAA Manual on Title IX. She co-writes a bi-weekly column "Gender Equity Q & As" for NCAA News. Her work has been published in many journals including: Tort & Insurance Law Journal and the Seton Hall Journal of Sport Law. Ms. Judge also serves as the Vice-Chair of the Committee to Visit the Department of Athletics at Harvard College and is a member of Harvard's NCAA Division I Athletics Certification Steering Committee. She is a graduate of Harvard/ Radcliffe College where she was an eight-time varsity letter winner in soccer, basketball and track & field. She received her law degree from Boston University and clerked for the Honorable Norman H. Stahl of the United State Court of Appeals.
Janet Judge's appearance on the CMC campus is jointly sponsored by the CMS Athletic Department, the Kravis Leadership Institute, and the Athenaeum.
Robert Day School Distinguished Speaker Series
Lunch with a Leader: The Asset Management Industry
LUNCH 12:00 p.m. LECTURE 12:30 p.m.
Robert D. Beyer is Chief Executive Officer and a director of The TCW Group, Inc. (TCW), a Los Angeles-based investment advisory firm with approximately $130 billion of equities, fixed income and alternative assets under management. He is also a member of the Executive Committee and a director of Société Générale Asset Management, S.A., the parent company of TCW.
Prior to its acquisition by TCW in 1995, Mr. Beyer was a founder and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Crescent Capital Corporation, a registered investment advisor specializing in fixed income and alternative investment strategies. Previously, Mr. Beyer was an investment banker with Drexel Burnham Lambert Incorporated and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Beyer is a director of two Fortune 100 companies, The Allstate Corporation (NYSE: ALL) and The Kroger Co. (NYSE: KR). He is Chair of the Board of Trustees of Harvard-Westlake School, a member of The Board of Visitors at UCLA Anderson School of Management, and a member of The Board of Councilors at the USC College of Letters, Arts and Sciences. He is a former Commissioner of the Los Angeles City Employees' Retirement System.
Mr. Beyer received his B.S. (Business Administration) from the University of Southern California in 1981 and his MBA from the UCLA Anderson School of Management in 1983. During his presentation, Mr. Beyer will discuss the asset management industry while explaining the role of TCW within the industry. He will also share some of his strategies for success.
Sisyphus and Leviathan Meet Goldilocks and the Three Bears: The Dilemmas of Presidential Leadership
Professor Michael Genovese's work on the American Presidency has particular relevance in this election year, and the Kravis Leadership Institute at Claremont McKenna College has invited him to participate in the series "Power and Persuasion" hosted by the Athenaeum.
Genovese currently holds the Loyola Chair of Leadership Studies and is Professor of Political Science, and director of the Institute for Leadership Studies at Loyola Marymount University. In 2006, he was made a Fellow at the Queens College, Oxford University. Professor Genovese has written seventeen books, including The Paradoxes of the American Presidency, (co-authored by Thomas E. Cronin), Oxford University Press, 2nd ed 2004; The Presidency and the Challenges of Democracy (co-edited with Lori Cox Han), Palgrave, 2006; The Power of the American Presidency 1789-2000, Oxford University Press, 2001, The Presidential Dilemma, Longman, 2nd ed 2003, The Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Facts-on File, 2004 (winner of the New York Public Library, "Best of Reference" work of 2004), and Memo to a New President: The Art and Science of Presidential Leadership, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Professor Genovese has won over a dozen university and national teaching awards, including the Fritz B. Burns Distinguished Teaching Award (1995). Professor Genovese frequently appears as a political commentator on local and national television. He is also Associate Editor of the journal, White House Studies, is on the Editorial Board of the journal, Rhetoric & Public Affairs, has lectured for the United States Embassy abroad, and is editor of Palgrave Macmillan Publishing's, "The Evolving American Presidency" book series. Professor Genovese has been The Washington Center's "scholar-in-residence" at three national political conventions. In 2004-05, Professor Genovese served as President of the Presidency Research Group of the American Political Science Association.
An Evening of Arabic Poetry Reading and Recitation
Bassam Frangieh is a self-described lover of poetry. "Poetry reflects the identity, culture and history of Arabs," he said. Moreover, "repeated verse changes consciousness and views, as it is the rejection of everything ugly in life." For his reading at the Athenaeum, he will include the modern poetry of Nizar Kabbani, Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati, Mahmoud Darwish and Adunis. He will read in Arabic and two students will provide the English translation.
Bassam Frangieh came to CMC as Professor of Arabic in the Modern Languages Department this fall to start up a new program in Arabic language. Raised in Syria, he graduated from Damascus University in Syria with a degree in Arabic Language and Literature. He received his Ph.D. from Georgetown University and also taught there. He most recently taught for fourteen years at Yale University where he was a Senior Lecturer and Director of the Modern Languages Program. Professor Frangieh has translated many poems and novels and has also written literary criticism.
Repeated Injuries and Usurpations: Women's Struggles for Civil Rights from 1848-1970
Jean H. Baker, a native of Baltimore, is a professor of history at Goucher College. She is the author of ten books on American political history and biography, including The Stevensons of Illinois: A Biography of an American Family (1997); Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in Mid-Century America (1983); and James Buchanan (2004), as well as numerous articles and essays on topics such as republicanism and democracy, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and the battle for women's suffrage. Baker is well known for her book Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (1987), widely considered the finest study of this First Lady. She is currently at work on a book about birth control activist Margaret Sanger.
Professor Baker's recent book Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists (Hill and Wang, 2005) interweaves the private lives of five suffrage leaders—Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Frances Willard, and Alice Paul — with their public achievements as it narrates the long struggle for the rights of citizenship. Baker points out that while most Americans venerate the public and private lives of our founding fathers, we know only the public lives — if that—of our founding mothers. She uses biography as a means of telling the story of the suffrage movement.
Professor Baker lives on a farm, likes to swim, play tennis, and ride horseback, and names all her animals after figures whom she admires and writes about in her books. She has a golden retriever named Maggie after Margaret Sanger and a horse, named by one of her eight grandchildren, called Bama. Her talk at the Athenaeum is part of the history department series "Critical Topics in World History."
Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum
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Difference between revisions of "California Proposition 1A, High-Speed Rail Act (2008)"
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Revision as of 08:58, 31 July 2011This page is about a 2006 California proposition labeled "Proposition 1A." Consult the Proposition 1A disambiguation page if you are looking for a different Proposition 1A.
- 1 Election results
- 2 Aftermath
- 3 Ballot title lawsuit
- 4 From Prop 1 to Prop 1A
- 5 Background
- 6 Support
- 7 Opposition
- 8 Polls
- 9 Editorial opinion
- 10 External links
- 11 References
- 12 Additional reading
Prop. 1A approved the issuance of $9.95 billion of general obligation bonds. This will partially fund a $40 billion, 800-mile high speed train under the supervision of the California High-Speed Rail Authority. The train will run between San Francisco and Los Angeles, with Anaheim, California, designated as the southern terminus of the initial segment of the high-speed train system. Estimates are that the train system would be completed in 2030, and that it would take passengers between San Francisco and Los Angeles in about 2 hours and 40 minutes. The system, when built, is expected to carry more than 120,000 riders per day at speeds of up to 200 mph.[2],[3],[4],[5]
$950 million of the bond proceeds will be available for capital projects on other passenger rail lines to provide connectivity to the high-speed train system and for capacity enhancements and safety improvements to those lines.[6],[3]
The new debt from 1A, including interest, must be paid from the general fund.
The 7-member governing board of the California High Speed Rail Authority voted in November 2010 to build the first 65 miles of the projected 800-mile track from Madera to Corcoran. The 65-mile stretch will cost $4.15 billion. Construction will start in 2012.[7]
Election results
|California Proposition 1A
|Total votes
Fare estimate doubles
During the campaign for Proposition 1A in 2008, supporters estimated that the fare to ride the high-speed train between Los Angeles and San Francisco would be about $55 for a one-way ticket.
However, the California High Speed Rail Authority's 2009 business plan set the estimated ticket price to 83% of airfares, raising the one-way high speed rail ticket price between Los Angeles and San Francisco to $105, as this price point appears to be near the "level that will generate the highest revenue, and reduces the operating costs and the number of trainsets needed."[8]
15-foot dividers
Menlo Park and Atherton are fighting a part of the high-speed rail plan that would divide their cities along the route between San Jose and San Francisco. Some critics claimed that when voters approved the bond in 2008, "the notion of a 15-foot divider splitting many cities on the Peninsula" was not known to be part of the plan."[2] Then High-Speed Rail chair Rod Diridon, however, noted in an Jan. 18, 2002, speech before the San Mateo County Convention and Visitors Bureau that the plan called for elevated, grade-separated tracks along the Peninsula "topped with barbed wire."
Attempt to repeal
- Thomas Elias says that from the time of the vote in 2008 to January 2010, changes have been made to the plan that are significant enough that California's voters should get a chance to vote on the plan as it currently stands.[2]
- Officials in five cities (Menlo Park, Burlingame, Belmont, Palo Alto and Atherton) planned to meet in April 2010 to consider whether to launch an effort to repeal Proposition 1A.[9]
Study questioned
Ridership forecasts for the planned rail system were based on statistical assumptions that differ from those published for peer and public review, according to documents not made available until after the November 2008 election. The Daily News reported in February 2010 that "the discrepancy raises questions about the validity of the forecasts, which the state has relied on for everything from its selection of the rail line's route to its applications for billions in federal stimulus dollars. The numbers were also used to sell the project to voters ahead of the November 2008 election in which they approved $9.95 billion in bonds for the 220-mph Los Angeles-to-San Francisco line.[10]
"Picture isn't pretty"
According to a December 2010 editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle:
"California voters signed off on a generational big idea: build a fast and futuristic high-speed rail system linking the state's population centers. Now comes the hard part of working out the route, lining up the money, and managing a sprawling project never tried before. The challenges - pretty much left unsaid when $10 billion in bonds were approved on the ballot in 2008 - are now on full display. The picture isn't pretty."[7]
Specific problems cited are:
- Some cities intend to block portions of the track from being built that would go through residential areas.
- "Congress, now in Republican hands, may yank promised money."[7]
- "A string of reports suggests the project's management is overwhelmed by the task."[7]
Ballot title lawsuit
Prior to the 2008 election, the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association filed Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association v. Bowen, asking for a writ of mandate to authorize the Attorney General of California to write the ballot language for Proposition 1A rather than use the ballot language written for 1A by the California State Legislature. The trial court declined this request of the HJTA but on January 27, 2011, the California Third District Court of Appeal sided with the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.[11] Although the ruling was too late to impact Proposition 1A, the court's ruling says that when the California State Legislature took it upon itself to dictate what the ballot language for Proposition 1A should be, it violated the provisions of 1974's Proposition 9:
- "...to the extent it specified the ballot label, title and summary to be used, the bill negated the Political Reform Act's requirement that the official summary of the bill be prepared by the Attorney General in addition to the ballot label and title that are prepared by the Attorney General. As we will explain, this ad hoc amendment of the Political Reform Act did not further the purposes of the Act and was not approved by the voters. Thus, it was invalid. Simply stated, the Legislature cannot dictate the ballot label, title and official summary for a statewide measure unless the Legislature obtains approval of the electorate to do so prior to placement of the measure on the ballot."
The decision was written by Arthur Scotland, with Harry Hull and George Nicholson concurring.[12]
The decision is expected to have far-reaching consequences for the state legislature's ability to write the ballot titles for its legislatively-referred measures, which it has been doing since at least 1990.
From Prop 1 to Prop 1A
The California State Assembly approved AB 3034 on May 30, 2008 by a vote of 60-3. The goal of AB 3034 is to "make the rules for spending the bond money more flexible if voters sign off on the bonds in November."[3] The Senate Appropriations Committee is considering the bill.
In 2004 the Californian Legislative Analysts Office published a budget bill saying, "The budget proposes to repeal Chapter 697, thereby removing the high-speed rail bond measure from the November 2004 ballot. Our review shows that postponing the bond measure to a later date would likely not cause delay in the development of a high-speed rail system. However, total costs of the system have been revised upward and will be significantly higher than previously reported to the Legislature.[13]
The High Speed Train Bond Act has been delayed 4 times. It was originally scheduled to appear on the November 2, 2004, General Election ballot. Then Senate Bill 1169, Chapter 71, Statutes of 2004, pushed it off the '04 ballot provided that it appear on the November 7, 2006, General Election ballot. The initiative was removed from the 2006 ballot as part of whatever compromise lawmakers struck with the Republican governor over his proposed 10-year, $222 billion public works spending plan the Governor implemented.
"We feel like the guns are drawn, they're circling the project and are ready to pull the triggers,
-Alan C. Miller, executive director of the 1,200-member Train Riders Association of California.[14]
However, most recently, Assembly Bill 713, Chapter 44, Statutes of 2006, provides for the submission of this Act on the November 4, 2008, General Election ballot instead. [15]
Supporters of Proposition 1A included:
- The California High-Speed Rail Authority
- The Transportation and Land Use Coalition (TALC), hired by California High-Speed Rail Authority[16]
- Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger[17],[18]
- Fiona Ma, D-San Francisco
- Cathleen Galgiani, D-Stockton
- Jim Costa, D-Fresno
- Zoe Lofgren, D-San Jose
- Antonio R. Villaraigosa, Mayor Los Angeles
- Jerry Sanders, Mayor San Diego
- California Democratic Party
- Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce
- Oakland Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce
- Orange County Business Council
- Sacramento Metro Chamber of Commerce
- California Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
- Kern County Taxpayers Association
- California Public Interest Research Group (CALPIRG)
- California League of Conservation Voters
- Endangered Habitats League
- Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
- Union of Concerned Scientists
- California Alliance for Jobs
- California Labor Federation
- San Joaquin Council of Governments
- The Transit Coalition
- TRAC - Train Riders Association of California
- California State Association of Counties (CSAC)
- League of Women Voters of California
- Monterey County Herald
- City of Sacramento
- City of San Jose
- City of San Mateo
Arguments in favor
Notable arguments made in favor of Proposition 1A included:
- It will reduce California's reliance on foreign oil and reduce greenhouse gases.
- It is a "balanced transportation improvement package offering statewide benefits."[19]
- It will lead to economic growth in the state that will create 450 thousand permanent jobs.[20]
- Economic activity added due to the high-speed train will more than pay for the cost of servicing the bonds.[21]
- The high speed train network proposed in the initiative will reduce highway traffic congestion without raising taxes.
- It will save commuters time and money.
- It will expand transportation options.
- It will remove 12 billion pounds of CO(2) emissions.[22]
- The ridership and revenue forecasts in the project's plan were subjected to "tough peer review".
- Federal funds and private grants that amount to as much as 9 billion dollars will match the debt incurred if this proposal passes.[23]
Donors supporting Prop. 1A
Two campaign committees to support the proposition were established. They were Californians for High-Speed Trains; Yes on Prop. 1A and California Public Interest Research Group Supporters for Prop 1A.[24],[25]
The two committees through September 23 raised a little more than $580,000, most of it from construction and engineering companies. An Associated Press article characterized this as "far below what they hope to take in."[26]
Donors and donations through September 27 include:
- Members Voice of the State Building Trades, $50,000.
- HNTB Corporation, $40,000.
- California Alliance for Jobs, $200,000.
- Association for California High Speed Trains, $24,000.
- Californians for a Safe & Reliable High Speed Rail, $53,400.
Groups opposing Proposition 1A included:
- California Rail Foundation
- Council for Citizen's Against Government Waste
- California Taxpayer Protection Committee
- Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association
- California High Speed Rail Land Impacts
- Reason Foundation
- Advocates for Coe Park
- Wendell Cox, a former member of the Los Angeles County Transportation commission
- The cities of Menlo Park and Atherton are opposed to Prop. 1A.[27]
- The Libertarian Party of California
- California Chamber of Commerce
- California Farm Bureau Federation
- El Dorado County Chamber of Commerce
- Fullerton Chamber of Commerce
- Garden Grove Chamber of Commerce
- Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce
- San Fernando Valley Chamber of Commerce
- Rancho Cucamonga Chamber of Commerce
- Regional Chamber of Commerce- San Gabriel Valley
- San Diego Union Tribune
- North County Times
- San Gabriel Valley Tribune
- Long Beach Press-Telegram
The Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association released a report that "documents the actual costs of the project, which are greatly at odds with the estimates put out by promoters of Proposition 1A."
Arguments against Prop. 1A
Notable arguments made against Proposition 1A included:
- There is no guarantee the project will ever be completed.
- There is no current business plan. One was required for submittal, by law, on September 1st, 2008.[28]
- Building the rail system on the proposed route will have an adverse impact on 140-180 parks, wildlife refuges and protected open spaces.[29]
- It is a political boondoggle and a waste of taxpayers money.[30]
- California High Speed Rail Authority cost claims are underestimated with the actual cost likely to reach $81 billion.[31]
- Existing transit systems should be expanded instead of starting from scratch.[32]
- The estimates that Prop 1A supporters have made as to how many riders the system would have are grossly overstated, so the system, if built, will have less revenue, and huge unpredicted cost overruns.[33]
- It's not fair to ask all Californians to subsidize rail travel for those who will use the system.[34]
- Debt from 1A, including interest, must be paid from the general fund. This means that there will be less for other important state programs.
- See also Polls, 2008 ballot measures.
Field Poll released statewide poll numbers on Prop 1A in July and for late October. The October poll showed majority support with a narrowing margin.
|Month of Poll
|In favor
|July 2008
|56 percent
|30 percent
|14 percent [35],
|October 2008
|47 percent
|42 percent
|11 percent[36]
Editorial opinion
"Yes on 1A"
- The Los Angeles Times asked its readers to consider a "yes" vote, saying, "That's not too much to wager on a visionary leap that would cement California's place as the nation's most forward-thinking state."[37]
- The San Francisco Chronicle endorsed Prop 1A, saying that it "presents an ambitious vision that is well tailored to the state's transportation and environmental needs. We recommend its passage."[38]
- The San Francisco Bay Guardian gave its strongest recommendation for Prop 1A, describing the benefits as "overwhelming" and "the costs of not approving this measure [as] huge."[39]
- The San Jose Mercury News urged readers to vote yes on Proposition 1A because "[t]hese are the right things to do for the future, and putting them off will only increase the costs." "The proposal, years in the making, has been thoroughly vetted in public debate, particularly over the route. The High Speed Rail Authority made the right choices, coming up with a practical and visionary plan that will place San Jose and Silicon Valley at the heart of the Bay Area's economy. We recommend it." [40]
- The Fresno Bee wrote that voting yes on Proposition 1-A was a declaration that Californians can rise to the challenge of the current economic situation with vision and determination as they did when approving the Golden Gate and Bay bridges, and the Shasta Dam. "Voting "yes" on Proposition 1A is a declaration that we still possess those qualities, and have not surrendered them to a timid faith in a status quo that is no longer sustainable."[41]
- The Del Mar Times recommended a yes vote on Proposition 1-A to answer concerns about freeway congestion and air pollution. "Sometimes we need to look beyond the economic present with eyes squarely focused on the future and as a result, bring back a little shine to California's tarnished forward-thinking and environmentally friendly reputation." [42]
- The San Diego City Beat supported Prop 1A, "We think it's worth it. We want what many Europeans and Asians already enjoy. Vote yes on Prop. 1A." [43]
"No on 1A"
- The Orange County Register was opposed to Prop 1A, saying, "A high-speed rail system connecting Northern and Southern California is a nice dream, but the proposed project ventures into fantasyland territory."[44] In another editorial called "Prop. 1A a fast track to bankruptcy" they wrote, "to call this project a boondaoggle would be an understatement. At a time when California state government is operating at a substantial deficit...it would be irresponsible to take on a debt of this magnitude, especially given that the total cost of the train would be many tens of billions of dollars more."[45]
- The San Diego Union-Tribune was opposed to Proposition 1A. In their editorial "Prop. 1A: No, no, no" they questioned the bond measure against the backdrop of massive fiscal chaos and uncertainty, saying, "it is hard to fathom how state voters could consider a Yes vote on Proposition 1A, which would issue $9.95 Billion in bonds as part of a $40 Billion-plus project to build high-speed trains linking Northern and Southern California."[46]
- The Oakland Tribune also opposed Proposition 1A, saying that "instead of addressing our real transportation needs, Prop. 1A is asking taxpayers to spend the first tens of billions of dollars on what amounts to a Boondoggle Express rail system that won't be built for many years, if not decades."[47]
- The Sacramento Bee recommended a "no" vote on Proposition 1A. Under a subheader declaring "Why we Oppose it," they wrote the following: "Until California fixes its chronic budget deficits, it can't afford to increase its debt for projects that, while desirable, are not of vital necessity. In addition, the rail system that supporters are touting may not be as high-speed as advertised. Potential conflicts with freight service lines could make trains slower than those found in Europe or Japan." They go on, saying that "if it passed, this proposition would take $647 million annually from the general fund that, without a tax increase, would have to come from other services. That's money the state can't promise."[48]
External links
Background, basic information
- Official Voter's Guide to Proposition 1A
- CA High Speed Rail Due Diligence Report
- Background study on high-speed rail in California
- Smart Voter Guide to Proposition 1A
- Analysis of Proposition 1A from the Institute of Governmental Studies
- Guide to Proposition 1A from the California Voter Foundation
- Summary of donors to and against 1A from Cal-Access
- Donors for and against Proposition 1A from Follow The Money
- California High Speed Trains, official support website.
- California High Speed Rail Authority, supporters.
- California High Speed Rail Blog, analysis and open discussion.
- No on Proposition 1A, opponents.
- Derail High Speed Rail, No on 1A, opponents.
- California High Speed Rail Land Impacts, opponents.
- Advocates for Coe Park.
- James R. Mills, Secretary of the California Rail Foundation, is also opposed, saying, "In today's tough economic times, the last thing we need is more debt for yet another badly conceived project."[49]
- ↑ Mercury News: "High-speed rail bond at a glance"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Mercury News, "Another high-speed rail vote may be needed", January 19, 2010
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Association of California High-Speed Trains
- ↑ BizJournals.com: "Pacheco Route picked for high-speed train," July 10, 2008
- ↑ laist.com: "California High-Speed Train Route Completed," July 10, 2008
- ↑ Ballot Language
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 San Francisco Chronicle, "Obstacles on the tracks with high-speed rail", December 8, 2010
- ↑ Business Plan: December 2009 Business Plan Report to the Legislature
- ↑ San Mateo County Times, "Effort under way to repeal high-speed rail bond measure", April 14, 2010
- ↑ The Daily News, "Bullet train ridership numbers don't add up, watchdog says", February 6, 2010
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "Court slaps lawmakers for one-sided measure titles", January 28, 2011
- ↑ Daily Breeze, "Ruling targets bias on ballots", February 5, 2011
- ↑ Analysis of the 2004-05 Budget Bill
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle: "Bullet train likely chugging to derailment," January 26, 2007
- ↑ California SOS page
- ↑ TALC website
- ↑ Fresno Bee: "Governor wants high-speed rail option," May 7, 2007
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle: "Schwarzenegger wants guarantees of support for high-speed rail," Jan. 16, 2008
- ↑ California High Speed Trains Authority
- ↑ "California's Economic Stimulus"
- ↑ "The Local Economic Benefits of High-Speed Rail"
- ↑ Planning and Conservation League
- ↑ Official voter guide arguments in favor of Prop 1
- ↑ Californians for High-Speed Trains; Yes on Prop. 1A
- ↑ Californians for High-Speed Trains; Yes on Prop. 1A
- ↑ Associated Press: "Calif. bond would launch bullet train project," September 26, 2008
- ↑ San Mateo Daily News: "Not Aboard!," September 25, 2008
- ↑ Sacramento Bee: "Dan Walters: Bullet Train's Vital Details Still Missing." October 24, 2008
- ↑ California High Speed Rail Land Impacts
- ↑ OC Register: "Taking taxpayers for a ride California focus," July 14, 2006
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Official voter guide rebuttal arguments
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "How much will Prop 1A cost taxpayers?", October 21, 2008
- ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Why should all Californians pay for high-speed rail?", October 20, 2008
- ↑ July 22 Field Poll results on Proposition 1
- ↑ Field Poll, "Release #2293 Release Date and Time: 6:00 a.m., Saturday, November 1, 2008"
- ↑ Los Angeles Times: "Yes on California bonds; Bullet trains, children's healthcare and veterans' housing all deserve support," October 2, 2008
- ↑ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/10/07/EDF113D47B.DTL
- ↑ "Endorsements 2008: State ballot measures", San Francisco Bay Guardian, October 8, 2008
- ↑ "Editorial: Yes on 1A: It puts Silicon Valley and California on the fast track", San Jose Mercury News, October 18, 2008
- ↑ "Yes on Prop. 1A, Now more than ever state needs jobs, cleaner air, easier travel", Fresno Bee, October 17, 2008
- ↑ "High-speed rail proposition worth support""Del Mar Times", October 16, 2008
- ↑ "Our Endorsements", "San Diego City Beat", October 14, 2008
- ↑ Desert Dispatch: "No bonds for high-speed rail," September 25, 2008
- ↑ OC Register: "Editorial: Prop. 1A a fast track to bankruptcy." September 23, 2008
- ↑ San Deigo Union-Tribune: "Prop. 1A: No, no, no." September 21, 2008
- ↑ Oakland Tribune: "Reject Boondoggle Express by Voting No on prop. 1A." September 12, 2008
- ↑ Sacramento Bee: "Endorsements '08: Say 'No' to all propositions except 11." October 9, 2008
- ↑ San Francisco Chronicle, "High-speed rail bond financing is off track - Vote no on Prop. 1A", October 8, 2008
Additional reading
- California voters to decide fate of ambitious bullet train project on election day
- Travel referendums: Funding California's high speed rail system
- Full speed ahead: Voters to decide fate of high speed rail
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Colleen Kelley, president, NTEU
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Thursday - 5/6/2010, 11:50am EDT
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The National Treasury Employees Union has filed suit to stop the Federal Career Intern Program.
Union president Colleen Kelley told Federal News Radio, she has nothing against intern programs in general, but said the FCIP is not being used as it was intended.
There are other internships in the federal government, and internships that NTEU fully supports. NTEU thinks there is a critical role to be played for real internships, but when you have agencies like the IRS, Customs and Border Protection and the FDIC using it to control virtually all of their technical entry level positions... I mean we're talking about over 27,000 positions have been filled using this authority and there is nothing internship about these positions. They are permanent, full-time positions. They carry with them a two year probationary period and then they claim that at the end of the two years they convert them from an intern into a permanent employee. But there is nothing special about the first two years of their employment that's any different than someone permanently in the job.
So if there's nothing really different about it, then why would agencies be using the FCIP as an ersatz hiring authority? Kelley summed it up in one word: speed.
They see this FCIP as a process that is faster. They can literally go out and post a vacancy in one location for two days and that is the only applicant pool that ever becomes that the vacancy exists. The whole premise of the federal hiring system, of course, is that there is a broad pool of applicants who have access to the variety of positions available in the federal government. And then, of course, that veterans preference is a factor in that too. The FCIP has no process that honors, respects, or follows and provides for veterans preference, which should be of great concern to many.
The NTEU doesn't want to see the FCIP changed. They want it gone. "NTEU believes this program should be eliminated," said Kelley. "Agencies should not be allowed to use it as their... primary hiring authority, which is exactly what they're doing today."
NTEU has an ongoing suit against the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) challenging its regulations implementing the FCIP.


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Burning Mouth Syndrome Center - Merced, CA
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Organizational strategy is huge when talking about the effectiveness of an organization. Every sport organization implements strategies in the front office all the way down to the players and coaching staff. The text book talked a lot about the different levels of strategy. There are four different types of corporate strategies which include: growth, stability, defensive and combination strategies. Business strategies include cost leadership, differentiation strategy, focus strategy. All the strategies that the text book talked about are vital in within an organization. I think a key component is selecting the appropriate strategy. Selecting the strategy is the final stage in the strategy formulation phase. The choice of strategy will depend on the sport organization's mission statement as stated in the text. I think that any decisions made by an organization are within a strategy and work towards common goals. When leadership is put into place, so is strategy. I think each leader has their own vision in mind and a strategy they want to implement. For example, when David Kahn took over the Timberwolves, he had a plan for the draft and was also looking down the road at saving up money for free agents. Kahn's strategy at the present time may not be apparent, but down the road he has pieces in place to succeed long term. I think working for a sport organization would allow you to experience the different levels of strategy. For example, if I'm working at an entry level position, I will be told how to do my job within the strategy that has been put in place by the people at the top of the hierarchy. When transition occurs with leadership, strategy can completely change or change in the slightest. If the new leader wants to operate similar, then the transition will run smoother than if the new leadership style has completely different values and goals.
The most interesting lecture in this class was Kenny Mauer's guest appearance. Many times in the professional sport industry we have seen debates, strikes, and conflict surrounding contracts and salaries. Before Kenny spoke with us, I had never heard a first hand story or opinion on the topic. The conflict that Kenny presented was between the referees of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the NBA itself. Kenny, being a veteran official of the NBA gave us great insight into the previous conflicts that he had dealt with. He personally had experienced multiple times when the NBA officials were dealing with contractual changes, most of which turned into strikes. The conflict that Kenny and other NBA officials dealt with was vertical conflict, which arises between different hierarchical levels of an organization (Slack, & Parent, 2006). The conflict arose between the league commissioner, David Stern, and the NBA officials. The conflict occurred because David Stern was attempting to change the officials contracts, which affected their salaries in a negative way. Kenny mentioned that there were quite a few younger officials that had never seen a strike before and these officials were more likely to believe David Stern about how great of a contract they were receiving than to listen to the veteran officials about continuing to hold out. This is a demonstration of legitimate and coercive power. David Stern, because of his position as league commissioner, has the legitimate power (Slack, & Parent, 2006). With his legitimate power he can make the decisions on what he want the officials contracts to consist of. He also used coercive power to instill fear into the younger officials. David Stern acquired new officials while the NBA officials were on strike and claimed that if a decision were not reached about the contracts then he would use the new officials all year. This would result in the young officials missing out on an entire year of their contract. Kenny Mauer stated that there was no way the NBA would use unqualified officials for an entire season, but the younger officials were scared that David Stern would. Ultimately the coercive power must have had a significant impact on the officials because they ended up voting in favor of the new contracts much sooner than Kenny Mauer and other veteran officials would have liked.
Most of our lectures in this class consisted of one main topic of the organization and management of sport. I think that when we had the panel of guest speakers in class we were presented with the main topic of organizational conflict and change, but also given an inside view on other important management topics. It was fascinating to hear Mr. Maturi speak about the organizational change he experienced when he became the University of Minnesota Athletic Director. He gave personal insight into the process of organizational change and also mentioned other management topics such as culture, decision-making, leadership, and power and politics. Mr. Maturi focused mainly on his approach to the organizational change of combining the men's and women's athletics departments. He explained that he used his first year as the Athletic Director almost entirely to personally adapt to the culture of the University, the two athletic departments and the people who were involved in them. In his first year, there was not one athletic department employee who got fired. Mr. Maturi decided to throw out the idea of radical change for the first year by not eliminating people and positions. Coming into the situation, Mr. Maturi knew that there would potentially be strong resistance to the change that he was hired to coordinate. The men's and women's athletic departments were completely separate in everything they did, so he expected them both to have different ideas in the process of combining the two. To combat the resistance to change that he expected, Mr. Maturi used participation and involvement of the men's and women's athletes, which Slack and Parent (2006) claim is one of the most effective ways to deal with resistance to change. The men's and women's athletic departments each had different logos before the merger. The men used the block "M" and the women used a "Ms.". Mr. Maturi asked both the men and women to come together and collectively make a decision on what the new logo for the University of Minnesota Athletic Department should be. The athletes chose the block "M" almost unanimously. This exercise helped show Mr. Maturi's commitment to the process and allowed him to gain the trust and support of the athletes. Overall, Mr. Maturi's speech on the organizational change that the University of Minnesota experienced shed a new light onto many organizational processes. His leadership and ability to make decisions has helped the merger go smoothly and has created an effective athletic department.
When Kenny Mauer came to talk to our class I was pretty excited. I have always been a huge basketball fan and especially the NBA. What was most interesting to me was what he talked about during the referee lockout. I was not very familiar with how a lockout really worked until Kenny explained it to us. I learned that it was very important for the members of the refereeing organization to work well together in order to get the maximum results. Kenny was not pleased with all of the new referees because they did not listen to the more experienced referees in the organization and as a result, their efforts did not gets the results that they wanted. I understand Kenny's point of view because he wanted to make more money before he retired and was also trying to help out the upcoming referees to make the money they deserve. I also understand the new referees perspective as well. They did not want to make their bosses (the NBA that employs them) angry by seeming like the type of group that will complain when they are brand new to the league. The newer referees had just started and wanted to make sure that they had a job. If they were to protest, then they would have to sit out and not be making the money that they could be making had they not protested. Kenny knows that they could be making more money via the lockout, but he may have been biased because he may have had the money that allowed him to pay his bills while still sitting out until necessary. By looking at the referee organization from a constituencies approach we are able to see that the lockout was not affective because not all of the referees got what they wanted. If all of the referees were satisfied with the decision that was reached, then the choice could have been seen as successful. Kenny said that he and other referees were not happy with the choices that the younger referees had chosen, therefore the refereeing organization was not an effective organization.
Organizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management, which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs, and values of an organization. I think that defining organizational culture is key to understanding how the organization works and what will make it work better. Having organizational culture known and upfront leads to knowing exactly what type of leadership is needed along with what type of decision making process should be used. By knowing the culture of an organization, you know how things are run and know what will work and will not work. It is very important to understand the culture to make sure the communication throughout the organization is good as well. Culture is key to understanding the whole organizational effectiveness and the culture leads to everyone trying to achieve the same goals. This also leads to a great leader and shows if the goals are being obtained as well.
Throughout this course I have learned in the readings about many different ways that organizations can be effective. I believe that my initial thought on what makes an organization effective was correct and I do not think it changed at all. I think that being very goal-oriented, having great communication and great leadership is the key yo having an effective organization because they all work together. Being goal-oriented is great because you have something to work towards, but you need to make sure that they are reasonably attainable. This leads into the communication aspect because the employees need to be aware of everything that is going on throughout the organization so that they can successfully be heading in the same direction at the same time. Communication also leads to making sure all the roles in the organization are being accomplished and to make sure that no two people or more are working on the same project that only needs one person. Then all of this also leads to having a great leadership to make sure that all of the goals are attainable and to make sure the communication is spread throughout all of the organization. Great leadership will make everyone work towards the goals of the organization and hopefully fulfill those goals. Also the leader needs to make all the quick, but effective decisions for the organization so that they can be effective and efficient. The leader also needs to make sure that all of the decisions good or bad get filtered down throughout the organization, so that they can form new goals and streams of communication if needed.
Today's was a very interesting day for the presentations. Starting out with back to back twins organizational analysis was a coincidence. I thought it was interesting to hear about the organization by two different people giving their own viewpoint. Andrew told us that he did not think that the Twins were an effective organization but that they were an efficient organization, while Dustin said the Twins were effective based on success in recent years and the level of fan support that the organization has. I also thought it was surprising that two people today could not find a mission statement for their organization. I was surprised when Ben talked about the structure of the Chicago Blackhawkes. He said that the structure of the organization was flat and I would think a professional sports team would have a tall structure with all the coaches, managers, front office staff, etc. Overall, I thought the presenters did a very nice job.
I found today's presentations very interesting. With the two Twins presentations back to back at the very beginning it was interesting to see some of the similarities and differences. I thought that it was interesting that they both addressed doing things the "twins way" in their presentation. They both found this to be very important to the organization. One thing I noticed that was different about the presentation is that one of them chose to focus a lot on the new stadium and the opportunities this opened up for the organization and the other focused more on the players the organization had and the things they could do personnel wise to improve the team in the long run. I personally am more into the personnel side of things so I really liked the points that Dustin made about keeping Mauer and Morneau and using some of the extra revenue from the stadium to bring in some solid free agents.
Today's presentations were interesting and gave cultural analysis from some different perspectives. The presentation on the golf course at Gull Lake was interesting and different from any other presentation we have had. Being able to gauge the effectiveness of a golf course organization is unique because it is based on the money being generated as opposed to the success on the field like other organizations. Today we had two presentations on the Twins. Both gave similar points and they talked a lot about the Twins moving into Target Field and the impact it will bring. Both presentations mentioned the potential signing of Joe Mauer. The official's organization was also unique because it is organized different than the others that we have seen. I thought it was interesting that the managers of each sport have less control than the top. Overall, the presentations were beneficial in understanding how different sport organizations are structured and run.
Presentations today flowed very smoothly! Everyone was well-rehearsed and seemed to know exactly what they wanted to say. I thought it was really interesting that there weren't more Minnesota professional sport teams chosen to be analyzed. I thought that the reasoning behind choosing the Twins made a lot of sense. The team is not over-powering but consistently competitive in their Division and with the new stadium's opening fast approaching there is a lot of change happening in the organization. I also thought that the presentation about the resort's golf course was really interesting and different since I know very little about the running of a golf course and no one had done that type of an organization.


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GALLIPOLIS — As the news of the sudden death of Gallia County Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Lorie (Falls) Neal continued to spread across Gallia and surrounding counties Thursday, the outpouring of love for Neal, as well as the overwhelming support for her friends and family during such a loss, only emphasized what this dedicated advocate for local business so loved about the tight-knit communities that she served.
Neal, age 40, passed away unexpectedly after suddenly falling ill at her workplace Wednesday morning, and the loss is palpable in Gallipolis where she had served as the Chamber Director since July 2000.
"The city and county have lost a true ambassador for this area. Lorie always was looking for ways to improve our community and spent many hours organizing events that benefited all of us," said Gallipolis City Manager Randy Finney. "She worked with businesses to make sure they had the proper resources to be successful, and she recognized their achievements.
"I think of all the activities and programs that she organized and planned that will need to be carried on. That will not be an easy task. She wanted the best for the City of Gallipolis and for Gallia County, and she will be remembered for making this area a better place to live. Lorie will be truly missed," added Finney.
Local businessman Bryan Blair, co-founder of Nybble Café and current CEO of SocialBoaster, said Neal was instrumental in the success of Nybble when it opened in October 2012 in Gallipolis and served as a constant support for local business, in general.
"Lorie was a tremendous asset to the development of our business initiatives all around. When we were contemplating the idea of a café downtown, Lorie was there with open arms. She reached out to us and invited us to attend a Business Resource Luncheon before we had even gone public with our idea," said Blair. "She wanted me to see exactly what Gallipolis had to offer — everything from a tour of the park and downtown, to a tour of the Chamber offices, where 'If I needed anything at all, I could just come right in.' Not only was she doing her job as director of the Chamber, she was engaging with us on a personal level, too.
"That was the kind of character she had. She wanted us to succeed because she wanted Gallipolis to succeed. She wanted to build a relationship with us and other business owners that revolved around each other, showing us that if we worked together, we could all be successful," added Blair.
Blair said Neal continued to support Nybble long after it was off the ground and taking flight.
"She frequently came into the café, often taking pictures of her lunch or dinner with her son and sharing them through the Chamber's Facebook page, as a way to help build our name and get the community engaged in new business. As an 'out-of-towner' moving into the community and building a new business, I couldn't have asked for a better 'first contact' in the area," said Blair. "She helped me get things in order, consistently contacted me to ensure we had everything we needed to turn the lights on, fire up the kitchen and get the ribbon cut for our guests to arrive.
"Even after I stepped out of daily operations at Nybble and started a couple of other small businesses, her guidance never ended. She was always there with an answer to any question — or quick to find one from a trusted source — and always, always, had a smile on her face," recalled Blair. "The amount of dedication and support she had for businesses in our region is unrivaled. There is no better advocate for new business than Lorie. As I go on and continue my entrepreneurial efforts, the knowledge, connections and 'go for it' attitude that Lorie instilled within me will forever be downloaded in my memory."
Still, for as much as the community loved Neal for her many accomplishments through her role at the Chamber, all who knew her recognized and respected her most for her love and dedication to her family and friends. Neal grew up in Reedsville in neighboring Meigs County, attended Eastern High School and then the University of Rio Grande, where she joined the Alpha Mu Beta sorority.
Her "sisters" are still reeling from the news, and messages of love and condolence continue to fill the Facebook news feeds of everyone connected to Neal online.
"I don't even know what to say after this extremely sad day. I'm at a loss," said Rebecca Hamilton on Wednesday evening via Facebook. "I just know the world is suddenly altered, for it's lost a truly beautiful soul. I don't know how to say goodbye to my phenomenal friend, Lorie Falls Neal. She was not only my friend but my confidant, my protector, and my Big Sis. My heart goes out to [son] Trace, [fiancé] Robbie, the rest of her family, her friends, Angie and the Sisters of Alpha Mu Beta."
For a woman who filled so many roles so well, who brightened every room she entered, her most important role was also where she shined the brightest … as the loving and dedicated mom of 11-year-old Trace.
"She loved Gallipolis and Gallia County. She loved serving our community, and she did outstanding, unparalleled work for the Chamber," said longtime Gallia County Chamber of Commerce coworker Marianne Campbell. "Most importantly, though, she loved that boy. Trace meant everything to her. He was her world, and nothing made her more happy or proud than to be his mom."
Neal's obituary can be found inside the Friday edition of The Gallipolis Daily Tribune. In lieu of flowers, the family asks that donations be made in her memory to the Trace Tyler Neal Fund, sent or delivered to: The Ohio Valley Banking Company, 420 Third Avenue, Gallipolis, Ohio 45631.