text:
Understanding Flows
Flows are the basic building blocks of API proxies. Flows enable you to program the behavior of an API by letting you configure the sequence in which policies and code are executed by an API proxy.
As shown in the diagram below, API proxies define request and response Flows. The request and response Flows are subdivided into proxy and target segments. Each segment is subdivided into 3 Flow 'stages':
- PreFlow: Always executes before any conditional Flows.
- Conditional Flows: One or more Flows, each of which has an associated Condition. Only one Flow executes per transaction--the first Flow whose Condition evaluates to true.
- PostFlow: Always executes after any conditional Flows.
- PostClientFlow: An optional Flow that executes after the response message has been sent to the requesting client app. (This is a specialized Flow, and only MessageLogging policies can be attached to it.)
This may look complicated, but it's fairly simple once you understand a few use cases.
PreFlows are useful when you need to make sure that a policy or code executes before anything else happens. For example, you usually don't want an API proxy to waste any resources on an unauthenticated user. Also, you don't want to service an app that has exceeded its quota. To support these requirements, you put security and quota policies in the PreFlow segment. That way, you don't need to worry about a condition failing to evaluate. The policies will always execute before any other processing takes place.
PostFlow is useful when you need to log some data or send a notification that something happened. Like PreFlow, the PostFlow always executes, regardless of the situation.
Conditional Flow
API proxy programming starts to get interesting when you implement 'branching' logic for an API. For example, you might want to convert XML to JSON only when the requesting app is running on a mobile device. You might want to return a targeted ad based on the data in the user's request. You can do this by setting up conditional Flows.
You can add an optional PostClientFlow to the ProxyEndpoint that executes after the request is returned to the requesting client app. Only MessageLogging policies can be attached to this flow, which are executed after the response is sent. This reduces API proxy latency and makes information available for logging that is not calculated until after the response is sent, such as the
client.send.start.time and
client.send.end.time. The flow is used primarily for measuring the time interval between the start and end timestamps for the response message. For more information, see API proxy configuration reference.
Adding a conditional Flow
In this brief example, you set up a Flow that executes only when the request message is an HTTP GET.
To add a conditional Flow, select the Develop view in the API proxy builder. Select New > Conditional Flow.
The New Conditional Flow form enables you name the Flow and to add a condition. In this example, you add a condition that evaluates the HTTP of the request message. You add a condition that will evaluate to true if the HTTP verb is GET (as opposed to PUT, POST, etc.)
(Learn how to construct conditional statements in Flow variables and conditions.)
The form also enables you to add the Flow to the ProxyEndpoint named
default or the TargetEndpoint named
Select the Proxy endpoint default option.
The new Flow, called
Flow-1, now displays in the Navigator menu.
Now observe the XML configuration for the ProxyEndpoint. Select Flow-1 in the Navigator menu.
You will see the following configuration.
<PreFlow name="PreFlow"> <Request/> <Response/> </PreFlow> <Flows> <Flow name="Flow-1"> <Request/> <Response/> <Condition>request.verb="GET"</Condition> </Flow> </Flows> <PostFlow name="PostFlow"> <Request/> <Response/> </PostFlow>
Policy attachment
Once you have created a conditional Flow, it is available for Policy attachment. When you select New > Policy after you create the Flow, you will see an additional option in the list of Flows. As shown below, when adding a Quota policy, you now have the option to attach the Policy to the Flow called Flow-1, which you just created.
By attaching the Policy to Flow-1, you are configuring the API proxy to enforce the Quota Policy only for requests submitted using the GET verb. The Quota will not be enforced for POSTs, PUTs, etc.
Flows and URI-based API management
In the next topic, you will see how conditional Flows enable you to configure fine-grained management for RESTful APIs by creating a conditional Flow for each URI that represents a RESTful resource defined by your API.
Help or comments?
- If something's not working: Ask the Apigee Community or see Apigee Support.
- If something's wrong with the docs: Click Send Docs Feedback on this page.
(Incorrect? Unclear? Broken link? Typo?)


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10-04-2012, 11:54
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
2012 Tahoe PPV: Built for Retards
I have been issued a 2012 Tahoe PPV. Thus far, I have a little over 6500 miles on. When I picked it up it was at 149 miles on the ODO.
Mine has the Rear locking differential and DRL delete.
I have around 30 miles in a 2013 Ford Utility Interceptor AWD (FUI) on gravel and highway, to compare.
Here's a breakdown of various parts/features/functions and their ability to do their job.
First off, Chevrolet appears to have made this Tahoe PPV with the primary goals of higher fuel mileage and an illusion of super safety. It fails at both of these at the sacrifice of performance.
My first impression was "Damn, this thing is huge!"
The seating position is very good. Both front seats are comfortable and have ample room. We have a couple of near-300 pounders and even they fit nicely. The stearing wheel is placed properly (unlike the offset CVPI stearing wheel). The controls are easy to reach, but may have their issues. I can drive around for hours and be more comfortable, longer, than I was in my old 2010 CVPI (with the 3.27 rear end). The A/C and heater work very well and the dual front controls are great. I like the dome light control button and the maps lights are conveniently located. I do wish they had fog lights. The earlier models had brake cooling ducts instead of fog lights. This year gets neither.
Issues in this section include:
All wiper controls are on the turn signal conroller. The rear wiper, which is used often due to aerodynamics splattering EVERYTHING onto the back window, gets turned on accidentally. I would rather have a button for this function. I am now in the habbit of hitting the rear wiper control (to OFF) after every turn signl usage.
The wipers work at all speeds, unlike the CVPI which had useless wipers above 80 MPH. The only issue I have is the driver side wiper hits the spot light when I have the spot light in the only place it doesn't flop around.
The steering wheel is too skinny and has a larger diameter than I prefer. The FUI has a much nicer steering wheel in both feel and functionality. Add to that, the buttons to control radio and other features. The Tahoe really lacks here.
The Tahoe steering only allows tilt adjustments. Each notch is about 1.5-2 inches. I can choose to see the top of the speedometer and have the wheel too high or have it where I prefer to drive and not see how fast I'm going on the highway. A pressure adjuster would be better.
The steering is responsive and gives good feedback. The FUI is smoother and requires less effort, but you don't seem to get as much feedback.
All of the controls are oriented straight back instead of at the driver, except for the rear wiper controller (it's oriented at an angle and ned to be oriented straight back). The auxillary gauges are all cut off at the corners in the normal seating position.
The parking brake is the kind you have to depress to engae and depress to release. I greatly prefer a parking brake that has a release lever. It's amazing how many times in the CVPI I pulled to lever and the brake popped up a bit. In the Tahoe, you have to engage it to make sure it's disengaged. Stupid.
Radio and climate controls are a small stretch, but not something that needs attention. The issue with some of the controls is great for midnights, but bad for sunshine. The amber indicators on the A/C, Rear Defrost, Recirculate, and Rear Air are quite dim and hard to see in anything but darkness outside.
Conversely, the dash light dimmer doesn't dim very far. The light isn't the kind that emmits far, but it does hurt my night vision versus the FUI's (they get really low and OFF!). Other GM products I have driven allow the dimmer dial to tunr the dash lights to off. Why the hell can't I do that in a PPV? Stupid. The auto-dimmer that makes the ODO and radio brighter when the sun comes up is slow to respond, making dimmer dial manipulation necessary.
To turn the fan off, you have to turn the knob to OFF then hit the Recirculate button. Otherwise, OFF is the same as the lowest on level. Stupid.
The rear seats have fixed headrests. I can see this being good so arrestees can't remove them, but we transport in the front and don't use cages. The passenger side rear headrest completely blocks out the rearmost passenger side window, where your blind spot becomes a blind mile. The two rear headrests combines cover nearly half of the rear window making backing more difficult than it should be. At a minimum, tilting rear headrests should have been used. Removeable would have been best. I am going to rip mine out, just haven't figured out a good way to do this without permanen damage.
The window tint is nice, but makes backing at night a blind activity. The reverse lights do not adequately illuminate the way behind you. Thankfully, the mirrors are large and effective.
The A pillar is huge and impedes driver's ability to see. Visibilty to the front (center) and left are good. Everywhere else is mediore to crap.
The front seat cloth and rear vinyl are all holding up well. They also clean up nicely.
The front seatbelts don't adjust high enough for optimal shoulder placement of the belt. I'm 5'11" and the belt rides too low. The latch/release combination is nicely placed outside the seat and moves freely around your duty gear. The only probelm is the plastic piece that covers the latch anchor point pops off. This doesn't effect function.
The seat belt off dinger only dings a few times and is quiet for several minutes before it dings a few times, again, and repeats. It never becomes intrusive.
The front door pockets are large and accomodate a lot of stuff. I especially like the cup holders built in to each side.
The glove box is shallow and the owner's manual doesn't fit properly. The extra manual for the PPV is all but useless beyond upfitting electrical equipment. The Owner's Manual doesn't even mention the PPV. There are some features that are different with no mention in the OM.
The map pockets on the backs of the front seats are nice and hold a lot of stuff. They are also easily accessible.
The window lockout button only locks out the rear seat windows. This may be a plus for cars with cages and places that have two-man cars, but I don't like it. I don't transport in the back and don't like that I can't stop my arrestee from rolling their window down (if they can reach it). Big negative, for us.
There are entry/exit handles for all passengers except the driver. It would be nice to have one on the driver side, too.
No dead pedal. Why the hell are they not putting dead pedals in vehicles "designed" for 8-12 hours of continuous use? Stupid.
I'm not sure it has a cabin filter, but I think it does. Driving behind someone on gravel in a CVPI meant instant cabin full of dust. I can follow for 5-6 miles before there is even a hint of dust in the cabin of the Tahoe. Same goes for the FUI.
The alternator is weak. If ABS kicks in while driving, the lights dim. If I talk on the radio while the lightbar is on, the lights dim. I never had a problem with the CVPI's until they failed (and I had an old halogen bar on it).
The drivability is awesome for a 6,000 pound vehicle, about 550 pounds heavier than the FUI and 1200 pounds heavier than the CVPI (weights with me in it, all geared up).
Straight line acceleration is faster than most of the CVPI's. The PPV corners exceptionally well, especially, for its size.
The Michigan State Police tested the Tahoe at 139 MPH top speed. Neither of ours goes past 134. It does have an adjusting governer. When I first got it, I payed hell trying to get and keep it above 120. It seemed to get stuck at 117, 127, and 134. Now, it only gets stuck at 134. Perhaps, it will rise with some more miles.
Acceleration from 50-110 is really good. If you are driving 25-30 MPH, it will not downshift to 1st, it will use almost all of 2nd. The first half of which is quite underwhelming.
Reverse is limited to 35 MPH. It takes almost all of this to do a proper J-turn on pavement, but it will do a great J-turn.
The torque is effective. I used it to push an out of gas car off the roadway. The only place to push it was up a small hill. At idle, it pushed the car effortlessly. The CVPI would have had to have some throttle applied.
At WOT, the vehicle will not shift higher than 4th gear, leaving both overdrives unused. At 130 MPH, you are turning around 5300 RPM's in V8. GAS GUZZLER.
The gas mileage is terrible. On the Interstate on the way to an out of town funeral, with all cruise control and low RPM driving, I only got 14.7 MPG.
The best MPG's I ever got was a little over 15. I filled up, drove 20 miles as easily as I could and refilled; completely impractical.
I average around 11-13 as long as I keep WOT down to less than two miles or five stop signs. Any lights and sirens runs means I get less than 10 MPG. I had to do an accross county run (about 40 miles) and got around 7 MPG.
Idle time also kills gas.
The fill tube is huge in this thing. After the pump pops, you can slowly fill another 1-1.5 gallons.
The Active Fuel Management works really well save for going to V4 too fast, but it gets into V8 very quickly. It is hard to feel when it changes, mostly because it is almost always associated with a downshift. You hear it, more than anything. I would like a button to hold it in V8, but I can do without it.
The engine makes good power, but I think it would benefit from the 6.0 from the Caprice or something larger. I would really like to see what it could do with some more power and the 3.73 gears from the older years (mine has 3.08's). In all fairness, if it doen't put over 400 HP to the ground, I find most vehicles unerpowered.
The Tahoe gets into 6th gear way too quickly. At 30 MPH, it is crusing in 5th. By 35 MPH, it is in 6th. In 6th, it bogs down and falls all over itself. We have found that putting it in Manual mode and limiting it to a four or five speed is best on everything except cruising over 70 MPH. Vigilance with the gear selector can be worth 2-3 MPG.
The other Deputy bought a K&N filter for his Tahoe. We tested it in both vehicles a couple of times each and the free-er breathing filter can be worth 2 MPG. You get no gain if you drive WOT or have more than 30-45 minutes of idle time total.
The stock Good-year RSA's are total crap and should be discarded immediately. They failed at the LASD testing and at MSP's Tire test when put on the Tahoe. We replaced them on the CVPI's a long time ago and haven't looked back. Fewer flat tires, better performance, and longer tread life. We put Firestone Firehawk Pursuits on the Tahoes. They don't look much different, but they are a much better tire (and cheaper).
I have had to replace three flat tires on the Tahoe thus far and there is a major flaw in the design. The spare tire is located under the rear cargo area, exterior of the vehicle. If you get a flat on the back, there isn't room underneath to get under there to place the jack under the rear axle. When they lowered the Tahoe, they didn't consider this. If you try to lower the tire before jacking it up, the spare doesn't clear the bumber very well. It's a major PITA. My spare rides in the rear cargo area for this purpose. The Tahoe is also heavy enough to blow a stanard 3 ton floor jack. The jack that comes in the Tahoe is above the driver side rear tire well. It is very hard to get out as you have to crawl all the way ino the cargo area and dig down deep in the side moldings. Stupid.
The single biggest issue with the 2012 Tahoe PPV is it thinks it is smarter than you and knows what it should do instead of letting you tell it. For this reason, I hate driving it, most of the time.
Some of these problems would be fixable if we got the full DIC (Driver Info Cener). The PPV gets a very limited one versus the retail version.
Want to open the interior door handle to get out? Nope, better unlock the door first. Stupid.
Want the doors to stay locked when you pull up to a bar brawl? Nope, they all unlock when you put it in Park.
Want to get out while it's running and hit the door lock on the door? Great! The driver door will unlock itself for you when the door shuts. You have to manually hit it, after you hit the automaticc locks and let it unlock itself, or use the key fob. You damn well better get the kyeless entry. I do not want a patrol vehicle that locks and unlocks itself. Do what I effin say!
The 2012 Tahoe PPV comes with spontanious brake application also known as: Stablitrak, brake traction control, Proactive Roll Avoidance, electronic trailer sway and hill start assist.
The button to turnoff TCS (Traction Control System) only turns off ENGINE traction control. This retards the engine to cut power. In the manual, you are to hold down the button for five seconds to disable Stabilitrak. Not in the 2012 PPV. IT CAN
be disabled with the button.
What ends up happening, it the Tahoe PPV drags its brakes around whenever you are not going in a straight line on a flat surface. This helps kill gas mileage, wear brakes and tires faster, and really piss you off.
The yellow traction conrol light is always going crazy. Even when it isn't, the Proactive Roll Avoidance will hit the brakes on any grade. Going through a wet median results in all of these systems going crazy and slamming the brakes on.
I felt like the brakes were dragging and did a test. The traction controls and Stabilitrak use the ABS sensors to function. I pulled the ABS fuse and it was a different vehicle. You don't realize how much the brakes are working unil you let the brake pedal be the sole activator. One caution: The Tahoe drives like a short wheelbase and is happy to rotate without the spontanious braking systems.
Last week, we had heavy rains for two days straight. I was on a gravel road and pulled to the side. I pulled a little too far and the front end started to sink. I hit the throttle to get out of it. To get out, I had to go further in the ditch and pop out the top with momentum.
The vehicle sensed it was sliding and applied the brakes. I tried accelerating through the brakes and ended up more in the ditch than not. I tried rocking the vehicle. Couldn't do it, the rear brakes kept hold too much. Eventually, I got some nice smoke coming off the rear brakes and had managed to bury the Tahoe in over a foot of soft mud.
I got out and pulled the ABS fuse. Amazing how well the tires spin when the brakes aren't fighting it. With some luck and the awesome Eaton G80 locking differenial (GET THIS IF YOU GET A TAHOE), I was able to not only rock the vehicle enough to move, but I got all the way out. It took over .2 miles of driving through the ditch and having to put it in Manual 1 (it kept putting it in 3rd gear). The whole time, I was plowing mud with the front bumper cover (the valance was removed upon delivery) and rear axle.
If the spontanious braking systems had let me drive, I wouldn't have been stuck, at all.
You can see this in action in the Ford videos comparing their new products to the competition (see YouTube). The Tahoe just buries itself in the "Arizona snow". Wht you aren't seeing is the brakes are on the rear wheels and it just digs a hole. I am willing to bet it would have done fine without the "safety features".
I told my Sheriff about it and he said we will not be buying Tahoes if they don't make it possible to disable all this crap. We are talking about putting a switch in that would cut the ABS modules. It's the only way this stupid vehicle will get around in mud/snow. If we get a bad snow storm, the PPV will be a brick until you manually disable this crap.
The FUI's have all of this, and more, but can apply power to other wheels. The Tahoe can only hit the brakes.
Four people have driven the Tahoe comparing the abilities of the vehicle with and without the systems in place. Everyone hates driving it without pulling the fuse.
The new Tahoes promote bad driving. The systems look at steering wheel position to activate individual brakes. If you countersteer, it will turn you the opposite way you want the vehicle to go. They made these or retards with no driving skills. The danger comes in when I get used to having my hand held and have to drive a CVPI around. My refleses are already diminishing.
The actual ABS system is very good. Unlike the CVPI, which always kicked in too early, the Tahoe's doesn't kick in until you really are locking them up. For all the fails the PPV automatically forces, ABS is not one of them. For the record, I hate ABS. It is only useful on wet pavement<the surace I am least likely to need it on.
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
Last edited by nikerret; 10-04-2012 at
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10-04-2012, 12:58
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2004
Posts: 13,602
Good review.
Proof that modern vehicles are designed primarily for the blissful idiot with a cell phone screwed into their ear, the stereo blasting, and completely uneducated in how to properly interface with and operate a motor vehicle.
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10-04-2012, 13:04
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2001
Location: Alabama
Posts: 4,969
After a few months in this final year model CVPI with this torture like device of a driver's seat non adjustable lumbar support, I'd rather be issued ANYTHING else just so my back will stop hurting.
I'll trade with you as soon as the paint scheme/sticker swap is done.
If someone were to ask me what has been my biggest accomplishment in life, I would lift my head high and speak from my heart with a parent's pride as I said the words "my son."
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10-04-2012, 14:35
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2005
Posts: 930
Hrmm.. I don't think 15 MPG in a Tahoe is too bad for police duties... considering the Crown Vic gets similar, or worse, and it's a car. I do hate the door unlock system... I'll take the Tahoe any day over the crown vic... much more spacious inside, and so much easier getting in and out.
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10-04-2012, 16:00
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
Originally Posted by
Hrmm.. I don't think 15 MPG in a Tahoe is too bad for police duties... considering the Crown Vic gets similar, or worse, and it's a car.
Originally Posted by
The gas mileage is terrible. On the Interstate on the way to an out of town funeral, with all cruise control and low RPM driving, I only got 14.7 MPG.
The best MPG's I ever got was a little over 15. I filled up, drove 20 miles as easily as I could and refilled; completely impractical.
I average around 11-13
as long as I keep WOT down to less than two miles or five stop signs.
Any lights and sirens runs means I get less than 10 MPG
. I had to do an accross county run (about 40 miles) and
got around 7 MPG.
In the CVPI, getting 15-16 wasn't worth getting excited about (it happened several times). 13-14 was daily. The worst I would get was around 9-10 with a lot of hot runs. The Tahoe PPV can't touch the CVPI for fuel mileage.
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
Last edited by nikerret; 10-04-2012 at
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10-04-2012, 16:05
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Posts: 930
Originally Posted by
In the CVPI, getting 15-16 wasn't worth getting excited about (it happened several times). 13-14 was daily. The worst I would get was around 9-10 with a lot of hot runs. The Tahoe PPV can't touch the CVPI for fuel mileage.
I'm not worried about it. I'm more concerned about my comfort since I'll be in it for close to 12 hours, as well as saving my back.
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10-04-2012, 16:37
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
More Pics:
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
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10-04-2012, 16:38
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
The Tahoe is, by far, the most room of any of the current patrol-rated vehicles. The seats are much better than the CVPI; give ya that.
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
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10-04-2012, 16:48
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Posts: 930
On a side note... that's a good looking scheme. Very californiaish.
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10-04-2012, 16:52
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
You should have seen it in all black. For all its faults, it is a badass looking beast.
I like the black and white, but the white wraps grap dirt like fly paper. Looks good when clean, a ***** to get it that way.
I also like the non-reflective decals. The old cars have reflective blue across the entire side of the cars.
The Tahoe looks way cooler than the FIU!
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
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10-04-2012, 17:59
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Posts: 1,157
i'd take that tahoe any day over the crap i'm driving now.
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10-04-2012, 18:18
Mayhem like Me
Semper Paratus
Join Date: Mar 2001
Posts: 17,590
Blog Entries:
I am soooo glad my 2007 had the 3.73 and no stabilibrake or v4-v8....
Now I have a 2012 caprice 6.0
How do you establish intent?
Well when a naked man is chasing a woman down an alley with a butcher knife and a hard on, I figure he's not collecting for the red cross...Inspector H. Callahan
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10-04-2012, 18:32
Goldendog Redux
Shut your mouth
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Nevada
Posts: 6,301
I lust after the Tahoes in our fleet I will never get issued. Can't stand the 2006 Crown Vic I drive and I don't much like the brand new ones either. Driving the new ones feels like driving a boat. Seriously, it's like the things are wallowy, underpowered and unresponsive.
I think a higher clearance, AWD vehicle makes me more useful around these parts. I suppose if I were just doing hot laps on some stupid stretch of super slab writing tickets, a car would be fine.
In Omnia Paratus
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10-04-2012, 18:36
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Location: NY
Posts: 887
Cool! No cage so you stuff the perps in the cargo hold?!!!
Outdoor Hub mobile, the outdoor information engine
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10-04-2012, 23:10
Mr. Awesome
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: Kansas
Posts: 7,418
Front passenger seat.
-Ambition is only appreciated after success.
-3/325:Now, where's my dedicated bodyguard? Oh, yeah, he's staring back at me in the mirror.
-"Every fear hides a wish"
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10-05-2012, 00:42
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Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Iowa
Posts: 145
Great review, not to hijack this thread but does anyone have a good review for the Caprice?
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10-05-2012, 01:49
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Join Date: Jan 2007
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Posts: 1,432
Have fun in the winter in that PPV if you live where it snows...
Conservatism is a cardiac disorder - Brietbart
Liberalism is a mental disorder - Savage
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10-05-2012, 02:51
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Join Date: Jan 2009
Location: Georgia
Posts: 755
We're waiting to see what we're going to get next year. Word is that the new vehicles will be either Tahoe PPVs or FIUs because of all the dirt roads we have in our county. Thanks for the review!
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10-05-2012, 04:40
Isaiah 53:4-9
Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: Texas
Posts: 7,583
It could always be worse. It could be one of those soccer-mom For epxeditions where you have to constantly tighten the lug nuts so the wheels don't fly off, or a Dodge truck that the transmission messes up and you have be have it set on "R" to do forward.
Glock 17, 19, 20SF, 21C, 22, 26, 27, Glock E-Tool, Glock knife
Quod ego haereticus appellari sequere Jesum.
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10-05-2012, 11:23
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Originally Posted by
We're waiting to see what we're going to get next year. Word is that the new vehicles will be either Tahoe PPVs or FIUs because of all the dirt roads we have in our county. Thanks for the review!
Tahoes are RWD only (or the ones that are in operation in our county are) and will be hell on dirt roads. The cops who drive them hate them for everything but the interior space and seats.
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text:
Supports Antioxidant Health**
Supports Metabolic Functioning**
Use as part of your healthy aging program**
As we age, our cells are less able to counteract the cell-damaging effects of free radicals and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can lead to the premature aging of cells. Animal studies indicate that the combination of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Acetyl L-Carnitine helps promote metabolic functioning to fight against free radicals and oxidative stress.** As a supplement ACETYL L-CARNITINE 400MG W/ALPHA LIPOIC ACID 200MG capsules can be used as part of a healthy aging program.


text:
Bradley Steps Down as Head Softball Coach; Clack Named New Leader
December 14, 2009
Bradley Accepts Same Position at Incarnate Word
MISENHEIMER, N.C. – Pfeiffer University head softball coach Todd Bradley has stepped down, effective immediately, to accept the same position with the softball program at the University of Incarnate Word in San Antonio, Texas. Current assistant coach Jessica Clack will now take the helm of the Lady Falcons softball heading into the 2010 season.
Bradley spent three seasons at Pfeiffer compiling an 83-67 record, leading the Lady Falcons to the program's first 30-win season back in 2008 as well as a berth into the NCAA tournament. As the number four seed in the conference tournament, Bradley guided his squad to four-straight wins, including back-to-back wins against Mount Olive to secure the tournament championship.
Last season, Bradley led the Lady Falcons to a Conference Carolinas high .309 team batting average and ranked seventh in the country in doubles per game. Nationally, Bradley has had his teams ranked 13th in triples and 25th in fielding percentage.
"Three years ago, Coach Bradley came in and made an immediate impact by turning our softball program around" stated Athletic Director Bobby Stewart. "Todd by far exceeded all expectations during his time here and will be deeply missed. Coach Bradley did a great job by leaving us with a well-deserved and highly-qualified replacement in Coach Clack."
Clack earns the promotion to head coach after last year's experience of working with the team's conditioning, outfielders and slappers. Clack was already involved in the daily operations of recruiting, practice planning, academic monitoring and travel coordination in the softball office.
Clack enters her first head coaching position after an exceptional career at Greensboro College. Clack was named to an all-conference team in three of her four years with the Pride to go along with her all-state recognition. In 2006, Clack took home a USA South Conference Player of the Year title to go along with her NFCA all-region honors. Clack's career-totals include a .377 batting average, 34 stolen bases and 71 RBI.
Clack, a native of Clayton, North Carolina and current member of the National Fastpitch Coaches Association, earned her B.S. in Exercise and Sports Studies from Greensboro. Coach Clack and the rest of Lady Falcons will open up the 2010 campaign with three games at the UNC-Pembroke tournament on Saturday, February 6th.


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Exercise Caribe Wave/Lantex 14. A Caribbean and Northwestern Atlantic Tsunami Warning Exercise
26 March 2014
The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami and other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (ICG/CARIBE-EWS) of Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States of America, and the US National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) will be conducting Exercise Caribe Wave/Lantex 14 on 26 March 2014. The purpose of this exercise is to assist tsunami preparedness efforts in the Caribbean and Adjacent regions, including U.S. and Canadian East coasts.
The Caribe Wave/Lantex 14 tsunami scenario simulates a tsunami generated by a M 8.5 earthquake located approximately 270 km off the Portugal coast. The initial dummy message will be issued by the US Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) and the National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) on 26 March 2014 at 10:05 UTC (Universal Time Coordinated), and disseminated over all their standard broadcast channels. The dummy message is issued to test communications with Tsunami Warning Focal Points (TWFPs) and Emergency Management Organizations (EMOs), and to start the exercise. It will be the only exercise message broadcast from the PTWC/NTWC, excluding special email messages.
Historical tsunami records from sources such as the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) show that over 75 tsunamis with high validity have been observed in the Caribbean over the past 500 years (Figure 1). These represent approximately 7–10 % of the world's oceanic tsunamis. Earthquake, landslide, and volcanic tsunami sources have all impacted the region. Since 1842 almost 3,500 people have lost their lives to tsunamis in the Caribbean. In recent years, there has been an explosive population growth and influx of tourists along the Caribbean and Western Atlantic coasts increasing the tsunami vulnerability of the region.
Tsunami warning services for the international Caribbean are currently provided by the U.S. NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawaii, while the U.S. NWS National Tsunami Warning Center (NTWC) in Palmer, Alaska, provides services for Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands, and the East and Gulf Coasts of the U.S. and East Coast of Canada. These centres issue tsunami products to the region approximately two to ten minutes after an earthquake's occurrence.
The Puerto Rico Seismic Network (PRSN) of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Instituto Nicaraguense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER) in Nicaragua, La Fundación Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismológicas (FUNVISIS) in Venezuela, and other national and regional institutions, also provide earthquake and tsunami information for their Areas of Responsibility (AoR).
Final Report
Exercise Caribe Wave/Lantex 14. A Caribbean and Northwestern Atlantic Tsunami Warning Exercise, 26 March 2014. Volume 2: Evaluation Report.
Organisers & Staff
Bernardo ALIAGA
Alison BROME
Christa VON HILLEBRANDT-ANDRADE
CARIBE WAVE/LANTEX 2014 Webinar English
CARIBE WAVE/LANTEX 2014 Webinar Spanish
CARIBE WAVE/LANTEX 2014 Webinar French
Exercise Caribe Wave/Lantex 14. A Caribbean and Northwestern Atlantic Tsunami Warning Exercise, 26 March 2014. Volume 1: Participant Handbook.
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Group(s): Tsunami , ITIC
Created at 11:43 on 6 Jan 2014 by
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Last Updated at 18:40 on 9 Apr 2015 by
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text:
Interdisciplinary Studies
Dr. Joycelyn A. Finley-Hervey
Welcome to the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, the oldest degree in the world
and the fastest-growing degree at the University of South Alabama. The Greek philosopher
Aristotle was the first to divide knowledge into categories, or disciplines. As our
knowledge has expanded over the centuries, the number and types of disciplines has
grown. The field of Interdisciplinary Studies was developed In recognition of complex
nature of our world and the need for an educational foundation that has both the breadth
and the depth needed to address the most important issues of our time.
Students in the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of South Alabama enter with a wide variety of academic interests and professional goals. Our faculty and staff work closely with each student to design an individualized academic curriculum that provides a challenging educational experience as well as the knowledge and skills needed to become leaders in their chosen professions. Students earn either a Bachelors of Arts or a Bachelors of Science degree, based on their selection of three to four disciplines, or areas of study.
We offer an Adult Degree Program as well as an Interdisciplinary Degree Program for traditionally-aged college students. The Adult Degree Program is designed to accommodate the educational needs of students who may be beginning their academic study later in life, or are completing a degree begun earlier. Our Interdisciplinary Degree Program is designed to launch younger students into their first professional experiences. Both programs utilize state-of-the-art educational technologies to ensure access to the most innovative and flexible learning environments.
Our department is characterized by high levels of individualization and flexibility, along with a commitment to the highest academic standards. We value diversity among learners and emphasize the importance of becoming engaged citizens, innovators, and leaders in our communities, country, and world. International study is encouraged, with directed studies and internship opportunities available across the globe.
On behalf of our entire staff and faculty, I welcome you to our department and the field of Interdisciplinary Studies. We look forward to walking with you on your journey.
With highest regard,
Dr. Joycelyn A. Finley-Hervey


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Wombwell, McCormack, Reaves and Moulton Represent Women's Soccer on All-Conference Teams
November 4, 2010
HIGH POINT, NC - Conference Carolinas announces the All-Conference teams during this weeks Conference Carolinas Championship Soccer Tournament. Head Coaches from conference member institutions nominate and then vote upon the award winners who represent the best of the best for the conference. Pfeiffer University placed four players on an all-conference team led by Alyssa Wombwell (Grand Blanc, MI) and Sara McCormack (Charlotte, NC) on the first team
Womens All-Conference 1st-Team
Sarah Porter, Mount Olive - Forward
MaryBeth Sullivan, Lees-McRae - Forward
Connie Axiotis, Belmont Abbey - Forward
Alyssa Wombwell, Pfeiffer - Midfielder
Nicole Voets, Belmont Abbey - Midfielder
Brooke Santerre, Lees-McRae - Midfielder
Kristin Voirin, Belmont Abbey - Defender
Carly Kensinger, Belmont Abbey - Defender
Mary Dorn, Lees-McRae - Defender
Sara McCormack, Pfeiffer - Defender
Anna Donaldson, Belmont Abbey - Goalkeeper
Womens All-Conference 2nd-Team
Madi Dulisse, Limestone - Forward
Kristen Wright, Queens - Forward
Vickie Rich, Lees-McRae Forward
Kelsey Howard, Queens - Midfielder
Ashley Alderin-Fleagle, Limestone - Midfielder
Megan Reaves, Pfeiffer -Midfielder
Casey Craft, Erskine - Midfielder
Anna Decker, Queens - Defender
Kristin Foster, Belmont Abbey - Defender
Lauren Vawter, Queens - Defender
Brittany Bolton, Lees-McRae - Goalkeeper
Womens All-Conference 3rd-Team
Lindsey Stanley, Mount Olive - Forward
Sami Striano, Queens - Forward
Jana Gentry, Converse - Forward
Rebecca Mateo, Belmont Abbey - Forward
Jessica Moulton, Pfeiffer - Midfielder
Cara Paxson, Mount Olive - Midfielder
Vannessa Jarrett, Limestone -Midfielder
Patrice Clarke, Mount Olive - Defender
Tia Rose, Mount Olive - Defender
Caroline Smith, Mount Olive - Defender
Kristin Alderin-Fleagle Limestone - Goalkeeper
Freshman of the Year
Sarah Porter, Mount Olive
Player of the Year
Anna Donaldson, Belmont Abbey
Coach of the Year
Robert Lane, Belmont Abbey
Regular Season Champions
Belmont Abbey


text:
Jake's Corner
8/20/13 Kim K Lipo'ed
Find me on Facebook: Jake Emily Poyet Webb
Tuesday, August 20, 2013
Someone is trying to sell supposed NUDE photos of DEMI LOVATO. The seller says, quote, "These are Demi. The collection I have show some nude, including face, some including parts of the body Demi is known for: tattoos, butt, chin. Then, I have pictures of her getting rowdy . . . I can guarantee you these photos are legitimately of Demi." So far no one has published them.
"Life & Style" magazine says KIM KARDASHIAN actually got fat from her legs lipo'ed and injected into her butt. Meanwhile, she and baby NORTH were photographed at the funeral of KANYE WEST'S grandfather in Oklahoma City . . . but the baby was covered up, as usual.
Forbes has released its annual list of the World's Highest-Paid Models . . . and for the SEVENTH year in a row, GISELE BUNDCHEN sits comfortably at the top, making $42 MILLION over the past year. That's SIX TIMES more than second-place finisher MIRANDA KERR, who made $7.2 million. Gisele also made more than her husband TOM BRADY, who earned $38.3 million.
87-year-old comedy legend DICK VAN DYKE was taking a drive yesterday when his Jaguar suddenly CAUGHT FIRE on the 101 Freeway in Los Angeles. Van Dyke got out safely, but the car was TOTALED. He later said he felt lucky to be alive.
8/19/13 LiLo Admits to Being an Addict
Find me on Facebook: Jake Emily Poyet Webb
Monday, August 19, 2013
TOM CRUISE reportedly insists on wearing thongs during all his stunt scenes. Sources say, quote, "He's pretty insistent about having a new thong every time. We do have a laugh but he sees it as dedication to his craft . . . He was embarrassed at first but he sees it as a way of improving his flexibility as he gets older."
On "Oprah's Next Chapter" last night, LINDSAY LOHAN said she's SERIOUS this time about turning her life around. She said, quote, "In this case, I wasn't fighting at all. I just let go and was able to just be like, 'OK you probably do know what's best, because my idea of doing what's best for me has not worked in the past." She added, quote, "I came into it just really willing, really craving more spirituality. Really open and ready to get really honest." Lindsay also admitted she's an addict, and that alcohol is her drug of choice. She said she snorted cocaine 10 or 15 times, and she HATED it . . . but, quote, "it allowed me to drink more. I think that's why I did it." She added that she's not even on any prescriptions, except for Nexium . . . which is for acid reflux. Lindsay said she's "in a different headspace now" . . . adding, quote, "I feel whole again, and I have such a desire to want to keep this feeling and stay this way, and I'm willing to do whatever it takes." As for how things got so out of control, Lindsay put at least some of the blame on her family. She said, quote, "A lot of stuff went on with my family when I was young and I grew up in a very chaotic home. And then there were moments of everything being wonderful and perfect, and then things being so uncontrollable and chaotic that. It's something that people go through and unfortunately I waited too long to face it."
Last week KATIE COURIC said she didn't understand why the Kardashians were famous. So KIM KARDASHIAN posted a picture of the baby gift Katie had given her, along with the very sweet note she sent with it. She called Katie a "fake media friend" and added, quote, "May I Humbly Suggest You Not Send Gifts Then Talk [Crap]." Katie immediately backed down.
Earlier this year, the L.A. District Attorney accused CHRIS BROWN of FAKING some of the community service he supposedly did to atone for assaulting RIHANNA. Well, the judge agreed. And so on Friday, Chris was ordered to complete 1,000 MORE HOURS. And he specified that this had to be community LABOR, which could include beach clean-up, graffiti removal or similar work.
8/16/13 Kourtney K. Gets Paternity Test
Find me on Facebook: Jake Emily Poyet Webb
Friday, August 16, 2013
LISA ROBIN KELLY . . . who played TOPHER GRACE'S older sister on "That '70s Show" . . . died in her sleep Wednesday night at a rehab clinic. She was only 43. The cause of death was cardiac arrest. Lisa had been arrested several times over the past few years, for DUI, spousal abuse and other offenses. She'd checked into rehab on Monday.
Ladies, just so you know, JESSICA ALBA told "Women's Health UK", quote, "I have cellulite and stretch marks . . . and I have a muffin top."
As you've heard by now, a male model named Michael Girgenti has been claiming to be the TRUE father of KOURTNEY KARDASHIAN'S son Mason. Well, Kourtney finally put those rumors to rest by getting a PATERNITY TEST. And as it turns out, Kourtney's boyfriend SCOTT DISICK IS the father. She issued a statement yesterday saying, quote, "After three-and-a-half years of rumors and lies being spread by an individual I met briefly at a photo shoot, I am setting the record straight that Scott is Mason's father. While it saddens me to have to address these ridiculous lies . . . especially when the truth was never in doubt . . . this story must be put to rest."
The tabloids have been saying KIM KARDASHIAN won't show up in public until she's lost all her baby weight. But she, KANYE WEST and their daughter NORTH were spotted on Wednesday, going to a medical clinic. No shots of North's face, though. Her baby carrier was covered.
8/15/13 Former Bachelor Contestant Commits Suicide
Find me on Facebook: Jake Emily Poyet Webb
Thursday, August 15, 2013
GIA ALLEMAND . . . a Top 3 finisher on Season 14 of "The Bachelor" . . . is dead of an apparent suicide. She was only 29 years old. TMZ says her boyfriend RYAN ANDERSON of the NBA's New Orleans Pelicans found her hanging and unconscious in her New Orleans home on Monday. She'd been on life support, but she was too far gone, so it was shut off yesterday.
DAVID ARQUETTE was reportedly fired from a movie called "Something About Her" . . . because he's DRINKING again. The official reason given for his departure was "creative differences", but sources say he showed up one day not fit to work and, quote, "The director had no choice but to fire him on the spot. Everyone on the set was pissed and disappointed."
CHAKA KHAN may not be the only person LINDSAY LOHAN drove out of the Cliffside rehab facility. So-called "sources" say five more women and one man also cut out because they couldn't deal with her. One source says, quote, "Lindsay mostly clashed with the girls in the rehab because she always needed so much attention and acted like a spoiled brat . . . They just couldn't take her [crap]."
8/14/13 Celebrity Pre-Fame Jobs
Find me on Facebook: Jake Emily Poyet Webb
Wednesday, August 14, 2013
JENNIFER GARNER says she purposely goes to events without BEN AFFLECK so she doesn't lose her own identity. She tells "Allure" magazine, quote, "It's a very conscious decision . . . I think especially for women, they can really lose their identity and just become 'wife of'." She also says she's afraid of Botox because she has a big forehead.
A new list of celebrities and their pre-fame jobs tells us that Sean Connery was a milkman, Kanye West worked at the Gap, Whoopi Goldberg was a phone sex operator, Ellen DeGeneres was an oyster shucker, Sylvester Stallone was Lion cage cleaner at the Central Park Zoo and Jon Hamm was Porn movie set designer.
Reportedly, Lindsay Lohan developed an online shopping addiction in rehab and spent $5,000 a day. A former patient who attended rehab with Lindsay, said she would shop online all day and it was like an addiction. The source says she would drop $5,000 a day, mostly on clothes. And the constant stream of boxers and packages to the gates of the rehab center annoyed the staff, and residents.
With baby North West here, Kim and Kanye are busy planning their next media event -- a wedding. Us Weekly says, quote, "They've been discussing marriage for a while. A wedding is in the works." And in keeping with their lavish lifestyle, it's going to be big.


text:
Share information and don't miss Mass. Eye and Ear updates on research and clinical advancements.
An optometrist with the Optometry and Contact Lens Service at Mass. Eye and Ear, Dr. Jiang also brings an ophthalmologist's perspective to her work with patients.
You can make a difference! Take a moment to learn more about how you can help Mass. Eye and Ear improve the lives of people with vision, hearing, voice and balance problems. Find out how you can support all the great work at Mass. Eye and Ear.
We are at the cutting edge of the research for curing eye, ear, nose, throat, head, and neck disease.


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The Parliamentary Budget Office (PBO) was established on 23 July 2012.
The role of the PBO is to inform the Parliament by providing independent and non-partisan analysis of the budget cycle, fiscal policy and the financial implications of proposals.
The Parliamentary Budget Officer, Mr Phil Bowen PSM FCPA.
About the Parliamentary Budget Office
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National fiscal trends
Report no. 01/2015
Date issue: 29 April 2015
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We're putting our 2013 calendar together right now, and staffers and volunteers representing all 12 months of the year have been photographed with their furry friends. There's only one big decision left to make, and we're leaving the answer up to you: Who should grace the calendar's cover?
We've narrowed down the field to four contenders. Check out the photos that are in the running, read a little about their sweet four-legged subjects, and then cast your vote for our 2013 Cover Dog or Cat. The pet whose photo gets the most votes will have his or her face in homes all over America!
The contest is now closed! Check back next year!
Where are these animals from? Were they rescue dogs/cats?
I think a cat and dog together would be great I have both and they get along fantastically. I have great pictures too.
Why just pick one of these cuties when you can do a 4-split on the front cover and showcase all of them! They are all very cute!
Would like to see a picture of cats and dogs together
While having a kitty and puppy together on the cover, I voted for Rocky because he looks so much like my Oliver who I had to put down last spring. All of the choices are great!!!
I'm a dog lover but I couldn't help but vote for Rocky, his picture was just too precious! I'd love to see a picture with puppies as one of the options.
Why do comment sections always have to get nasty? The ASPCA is all about saving and protecting animals, all types and all breeds. There's going to be problems with each and every one, just like there are with people, as proven here. This comment section, I thought, was about the upcoming calendar. Love all the pictures! By the way, my cat is an indoor/outdoor cat: when I'm out, he's out in the yard playing. Thank you, ASPCA, for what you do.
Wish there were more than 4 photographs to select from. None of the four are particularly appealing to me considering what is out there in rescued animals.


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Pep Boys Orland Park
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text:
Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila. There are nearly 20,000 known species of bee, in nine recognized families, though many are undescribed and the actual number is probably higher. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated flowering plants.
Bees are adapted for feeding on nectar and pollen, the former primarily as an energy source, and the latter primarily for protein and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for larvae.
Bees have a long proboscis (a complex "tongue") that enables them to obtain the nectar from flowers. They have antennae almost universally made up of 13 segments in males and twelve in females, as is typical for the superfamily. Bees all have two pairs of wings, the hind pair being the smaller of the two; in a very few species, one sex or caste has relatively short wings that make flight difficult or impossible, but none is wingless.
The smallest bee is Trigona minima, a stingless bee whose workers are about 2.1 mm (5/64") long. The largest bee in the world is Megachile pluto, a leafcutter bee whose females can attain a length of 39 mm (1.5"). Members of the family Halictidae, or sweat bees, are the most common type of bee in the Northern Hemisphere, though they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. The best-known bee species is the European honey bee, which, as its name suggests, produces honey, as do a few other types of bee. Human management of this species is known as beekeeping or apiculture.
Bees are the favorite meal of Merops apiaster, the bee-eater bird. Other common predators are kingbirds, mockingbirds, bee wolves, and dragonflies.
Bees play an important role in pollinating flowering plants, and are the major type of pollinator in ecosystems that contain flowering plants. Bees either focus on gathering nectar or on gathering pollen depending on demand, especially in social species. Bees gathering nectar may accomplish pollination, but bees that are deliberately gathering pollen are more efficient pollinators. It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on insect pollination, most of which is accomplished by bees, especially the domesticated European honey bee. Contract pollination has overtaken the role of honey production for beekeepers in many countries. Monoculture and the massive decline of many bee species (both wild and domesticated) have increasingly caused honey bee keepers to become migratory so that bees can be concentrated in seasonally-varying high-demand areas of pollination.
Most bees are fuzzy and carry an electrostatic charge, which aids in the adherence of pollen. Female bees periodically stop foraging and groom themselves to pack the pollen into the scopa, which is on the legs in most bees, and on the ventral abdomen on others, and modified into specialized pollen baskets on the legs of honey bees and their relatives. Many bees are opportunistic foragers, and will gather pollen from a variety of plants, while others are oligolectic, gathering pollen from only one or a few types of plant. A small number of plants produce nutritious floral oils rather than pollen, which are gathered and used by oligolectic bees. One small subgroup of stingless bees, called "vulture bees," is specialized to feed on carrion, and these are the only bees that do not use plant products as food. Pollen and nectar are usually combined together to form a "provision mass", which is often soupy, but can be firm. It is formed into various shapes (typically spheroid), and stored in a small chamber (a "cell"), with the egg deposited on the mass. The cell is typically sealed after the egg is laid, and the adult and larva never interact directly (a system called "mass provisioning").
Visiting flowers can be a dangerous occupation. Many assassin bugs and crab spiders hide in flowers to capture unwary bees. Other bees are lost to birds in flight. Insecticides used on blooming plants kill many bees, both by direct poisoning and by contamination of their food supply. A honey bee queen may lay 2000 eggs per day during spring buildup, but she also must lay 1000 to 1500 eggs per day during the foraging season, mostly to replace daily casualties, most of which are workers dying of old age. Among solitary and primitively social bees, however, lifetime reproduction is among the lowest of all insects, as it is common for females of such species to produce fewer than 25 offspring.
The population value of bees depends partly on the individual efficiency of the bees, but also on the population itself. Thus, while bumblebees have been found to be about ten times more efficient pollinators on cucurbits, the total efficiency of a colony of honey bees is much greater, due to greater numbers. Likewise, during early spring orchard blossoms, bumblebee populations are limited to only a few queens, and thus are not significant pollinators of early fruit.
See also List of crop plants pollinated by bees
Bees, like ants, are a specialized form of wasp. The ancestors of bees were wasps in the family Crabronidae, and therefore predators of other insects. The switch from insect prey to pollen may have resulted from the consumption of prey insects that were flower visitors and were partially covered with pollen when they were fed to the wasp larvae. This same evolutionary scenario has also occurred within the vespoid wasps, where the group known as "pollen wasps" also evolved from predatory ancestors. Up until recently the oldest non-compression bee fossil had been Cretotrigona prisca in New Jersey amber and of Cretaceous age, a meliponine. A recently reported bee fossil, of the genus Melittosphex, is considered "an extinct lineage of pollen-collecting Apoidea sister to the modern bees", and dates from the early Cretaceous (~100 mya). Derived features of its morphology ("apomorphies") place it clearly within the bees, but it retains two unmodified ancestral traits ("plesiomorphies") of the legs (two mid-tibial spurs, and a slender hind basitarsus), indicative of its transitional status.
The earliest animal-pollinated flowers were pollinated by insects such as beetles, so the syndrome of insect pollination was well established before bees first appeared. The novelty is that bees are specialized as pollination agents, with behavioral and physical modifications that specifically enhance pollination, and are generally more efficient at the task than beetles, flies, butterflies, pollen wasps, or any other pollinating insect. The appearance of such floral specialists is believed to have driven the adaptive radiation of the angiosperms, and, in turn, the bees themselves.
Among living bee groups, the Dasypodaidae are now considered to be the most "primitive", and sister taxon to the remainder of the bees, contrary to earlier hypotheses that the "short-tongued" bee family Colletidae was the basal group of bees; the short, wasp-like mouthparts of colletids are the result of convergent evolution, rather than indicative of a plesiomorphic condition.
Bees may be solitary or may live in various types of communities. The most advanced of these are eusocial colonies found among the honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless bees. Sociality, of several different types, is believed to have evolved separately many times within the bees.
In some species, groups of cohabiting females may be sisters, and if there is a division of labor within the group, then they are considered semisocial.
If, in addition to a division of labor, the group consists of a mother and her daughters, then the group is called eusocial. The mother is considered the "queen" and the daughters are "workers". These castes may be purely behavioral alternatives, in which case the system is considered "primitively eusocial" (similar to many paper wasps), and if the castes are morphologically discrete, then the system is "highly eusocial".
There are many more species of primitively eusocial bees than highly eusocial bees, but they have rarely been studied. The biology of most such species is almost completely unknown. The vast majority are in the family Halictidae, or "sweat bees". Colonies are typically small, with a dozen or fewer workers, on average. The only physical difference between queens and workers is average size, if they differ at all. Most species have a single season colony cycle, even in the tropics, and only mated females (future queens, or "gynes") hibernate (called diapause). A few species have long active seasons and attain colony sizes in the hundreds. The orchid bees include a number of primitively eusocial species with similar biology. Certain species of allodapine bees (relatives of carpenter bees) also have primitively eusocial colonies, with unusual levels of interaction between the adult bees and the developing brood. This is "progressive provisioning"; a larva's food is supplied gradually as it develops. This system is also seen in honey bees and some bumblebees.
Highly eusocial bees live in colonies. Each colony has a single queen, many workers and, at certain stages in the colony cycle, drones. When humans provide the nest, it is called a hive. A honey bee hive can contain up to 40,000 bees at their annual peak, which occurs in the spring, but usually have fewer.
Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris, B. pratorum, et al.) are eusocial in a manner quite similar to the eusocial Vespidae such as hornets. The queen initiates a nest on her own (unlike queens of honey bees and stingless bees which start nests via swarms in the company of a large worker force). Bumblebee colonies typically have from 50 to 200 bees at peak population, which occurs in mid to late summer. Nest architecture is simple, limited by the size of the nest cavity (pre-existing), and colonies are rarely perennial. Bumblebee queens sometimes seek winter safety in honey bee hives, where they are sometimes found dead in the spring by beekeepers, presumably stung to death by the honey bees. It is unknown whether any survive winter in such an environment.
The true honey bees (genus Apis) have arguably the most complex social behavior among the bees. The European (or Western) honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the best known bee species and one of the best known of all insects.
Africanized bees, also called killer bees, are a hybrid strain of Apis mellifera derived from experiments to cross European and African honey bees by Warwick Estevam Kerr. Several queen bees escaped his laboratory in South America and have spread throughout the Americas. Africanized honey bees are more defensive than European honey bees.
Solitary bees are important pollinators, and pollen is gathered for provisioning the nest with food for their brood. Often it is mixed with nectar to form a paste-like consistency. Some solitary bees have very advanced types of pollen carrying structures on their bodies. A very few species of solitary bees are being increasingly cultured for commercial pollination.
Solitary bees are often oligoleges, in that they only gather pollen from one or a few species/genera of plants (unlike honey bees and bumblebees which are generalists). No known bees are nectar specialists; many oligolectic bees will visit multiple plants for nectar, but there are no bees which visit only one plant for nectar while also gathering pollen from many different sources. Specialist pollinators also include bee species that gather floral oils instead of pollen, and male orchid bees, which gather aromatic compounds from orchids (one of the only cases where male bees are effective pollinators). In a very few cases only one species of bee can effectively pollinate a plant species, and some plants are endangered at least in part because their pollinator is dying off. There is, however, a pronounced tendency for oligolectic bees to be associated with common, widespread plants which are visited by multiple pollinators (e.g., there are some 40 oligoleges associated with creosotebush in the US desert southwest, and a similar pattern is seen in sunflowers, asters, mesquite, etc.)
Solitary bees create nests in hollow reeds or twigs, holes in wood, or, most commonly, in tunnels in the ground. The female typically creates a compartment (a "cell") with an egg and some provisions for the resulting larva, then seals it off. A nest may consist of numerous cells. When the nest is in wood, usually the last (those closer to the entrance) contain eggs that will become males. The adult does not provide care for the brood once the egg is laid, and usually dies after making one or more nests. The males typically emerge first and are ready for mating when the females emerge. Providing nest boxes for solitary bees is increasingly popular for gardeners. Solitary bees are either stingless or very unlikely to sting (only in self defense, if ever).
While solitary females each make individual nests, some species are gregarious, preferring to make nests near others of the same species, giving the appearance to the casual observer that they are social. Large groups of solitary bee nests are called aggregations, to distinguish them from colonies.
In some species, multiple females share a common nest, but each makes and provisions her own cells independently. This type of group is called "communal" and is not uncommon. The primary advantage appears to be that a nest entrance is easier to defend from predators and parasites when there are multiple females using that same entrance on a regular basis.
Many cleptoparasitic bees are closely related to, and resemble, their hosts in looks and size, (i.e., the Bombus subgenus Psithyrus, which are parasitic bumblebees that infiltrate nests of species in other subgenera of Bombus). This common pattern gave rise to the ecological principle known as "Emery's Rule". Others parasitize bees in different families, like Townsendiella, a nomadine apid, one species of which is a cleptoparasite of the dasypodaid genus Hesperapis, while the other species in the same genus attack halictid bees.
In 1996 Charlie Ellington at Cambridge University showed that vortices created by many insects' wings and non-linear effects were a vital source of lift; vortices and non-linear phenomena are notoriously difficult areas of hydrodynamics, which has made for slow progress in theoretical understanding of insect flight.
In 2005 Michael Dickinson and his Caltech colleagues studied honey bee flight with the assistance of high-speed cinematography and a giant robotic mock-up of a bee wing. Their analysis revealed sufficient lift was generated by "the unconventional combination of short, choppy wing strokes, a rapid rotation of the wing as it flops over and reverses direction, and a very fast wing-beat frequency". Wing beat frequency normally increases as size decreases, but as the bee's wing beat covers such a small arc, it flaps approximately 230 times per second, faster than a fruitfly (200 times per second) which is 80 times smaller.
Bees figure prominently in mythology (See Bee (mythology)) and have been used by political theorists as a model for human society. Journalist Bee Wilson states that the image of a community of honey bees "occurs from ancient to modern times, in Aristotle and Plato; in Virgil and Seneca; in Erasmus and Shakespeare; Tolstoy, as well as by social theorists Bernard Mandeville and Karl Marx.
Despite the honey bee's painful sting and the stereotype of insects as pests, bees are generally held in high regard. This is most likely due to their usefulness as pollinators and as producers of honey, their social nature, and their reputation for diligence. Bees are one of the few insects regularly used on advertisements, being used to illustrate honey and foods made with honey (such as Honey Nut Cheerios).
In North America, yellowjackets and hornets, especially when encountered as flying pests, are often misidentified as bees, despite numerous differences between them. Although a bee sting can be deadly to those with allergies, virtually all bee species are non-aggressive if undisturbed and many cannot sting at all. In fact, humans will often be a greater danger to the bees, as bees are often affected or even harmed by encounters with toxic chemicals in the environment (see Bees and toxic chemicals).


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Dominant steeplechase runner discovered sport at EvCC
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
Everett Community College's Catie Arrigoni will compete in the steeplechase in the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges championships today at Spokane Falls CC. Arrigoni's best time in the steeplechase is 44 seconds better than the conference's second-best runner.
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
Steeplechasers Catie Arrigoni (right) and Brenna Eldridge (middle) warm up with their teammates on the Everett Community College track team Everett Memorial Stadium.
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
Catie Arrigoni (left) warms up with her teammates on the Everett Community College track team at Everett Memorial Stadium.
Mark Mulligan / The Herald
Catie Arrigoni warms up with her teammates on the Everett Community College track team at Everett Memorial Stadium.
Mark Mulligan / The Herald Catie Arrigoni jumps over a barrier during a morning workout with the Everett Community College track team at Everett Memorial Stadium.
She wasn't even sure what the steeplechase was.
When the idea was first mentioned, "I hadn't even heard of it," said Arrigoni, a 19-year-old sophomore at Everett Community College.
That was two years ago. Arrigoni was being recruited by Everett CC track and field coach Matt Koenigs, and he pointed out that Arrigoni's long legs -- she is 5 feet, 11 inches -- would be an asset in a race that involves jumping over barriers.
Because she is tall, "she doesn't need to jump at all," Koenigs explained. "She can almost (step) right over the barrier."
"Lots of people are 5-4 and 5-5, and they actually have to jump," Arrigoni said. "But I just go over real easy."
Arrigoni's size, running talent and determined work ethic have helped her develop into the premier women's steeplechaser in the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges. She is the favorite to win the event when the two-day NWAACC championships begin today at Spokane Falls CC.
Earlier this season, Arrigoni ran the steeplechase in 10:59.7, a mark that is a whopping 44 seconds better than the conference's second-best runner.
"She has gotten astronomically faster (since high school)," Koenigs said. As coaches, he went on, "we can only do so much to help kids get faster. We can teach them how to train, but we can't actually run the mileage for them. But everything we've asked Catie to do, she's done.
"She puts in loads and loads of work. She's got the Division I work ethic that it takes to become a runner of this caliber."
Arrigoni grew up in the north-central Washington town of Oroville, a community with no stoplights, one grocery store ("It's called 'Prince's, and it has food and hardware," she said) and one fast-food restaurant ("Subway"). Her graduating class from Oroville High School numbered 36, and she was coaxed into turning out for cross country as a senior so her team would have a full complement of five runners, with Arrigoni being the fifth.
She also played basketball and was first approached by Everett CC women's coach Chet Hovde about playing for the Trojans. Later, Koenigs also contacted Arrigoni, and the chance to play basketball while also running cross country and track led her to choose Everett CC.
Arrigoni, a 5-foot-11 post, played one season of basketball for the Trojans, averaging about three points and four rebounds a game, before deciding to focus solely on running.
By her sophomore year, she said, "running took over my life."
Still, there was a learning curve to the steeplechase. Arrigoni had grown several inches in recent years, "and her coordination was still catching up with her body," Koenigs said. "So when we first started running her through drills, it was a little like trying to teach a kid how to walk.
"There were some very interesting moments. Like learning how to (jump over the) water barrier. We were watching her land waist deep in the water, and for a while I thought we might need to take her down to the YMCA to work on her swimming stroke. But she's figured it out and her water barriers are looking nice right now."
Arrigoni agrees, sort of. She tends to land on both feet in the water pit -- elite runners typically land on one foot -- which means "I'm soaking wet when I'm done because I splash so much," she said. "But we don't have a pit to practice on, so I can only practice in the races."
Arrigoni, who has accepted a full tuition scholarship offer from Eastern Washington University in the fall, will run the 5,000 meters Tuesday in addition to today's steeplechase at the NWAACC championships. She has run the 5,000 just once this season in 17:54, which ranks third in the NWAACC, some 40 seconds behind leader Jessica Mildes of Spokane CC.
Still, she has her eye on a possible pair of victories, a prospect that "gives me goose bumps," she admitted with a smile. "That'd be super cool."
But her preferred race is the steeplechase. "I love it so much," she said. "I like how competitive it is and how I have to attack things. In basketball I was very aggressive player -- I probably fouled out of every game -- and in the steeplechase I get to be really aggressive, too. I think that's why I like it so much.
"I don't want people to pass me. I just have the mindset of, 'I'm going to win no matter what.'"
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text: Thon Hotel Rosenkrantz has 129 well-equipped rooms, decorated in bright and pleasent colours. All rooms have a mini bar, cable tv, hotel cinema and a work area. Food and drink at the hotel In addition to a delicious breakfast, Thon Hotel Rosenkrantz offers a light evening meal, included in the room price. The eveing meal is available from Monday to Thursday all year round, except for public holidays and the summer season. We offer a basic meal containing, among other things, the soup of the day, fresh bread, fresh salad, pasta salad and a hot dish which varies from day to day. Internet Free wireless internet access is available throughout the hotel. Activities and other things to do at the hotel Thon Hotel Rosenkrantz is located in the heart of Bergen, forming the perfect base for shopping, restaurant visits and nightlife. Such attractions as Bryggen, Fløibanen and Fisketorget are in walking distance of the hotel. Thon Hotel Rosenkrantz collaborates with TIF Vikinghallen that is close to the Mariakirken church in Bergen. All of the hotel's guests can use the fitness facilities of TIF Vikinghallen free of charge, and the walk there is an ideal warm up for a good workout. TIF Vikinghallen offers all modern equipment, and meets all training requirements for both active and less active. About the rooms 129 rooms 113 non-smoking rooms 15 family rooms Location 20 km to Bergen Airport Flesland 1 km to train station 200 metres airport express bus 10 km to golf course


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NOTE: If you'd prefer to view this information as a blog post, check out this entry in our Five Apps blog.
Protecting a PC against malicious software is a never-ending battle. The second you think you have your machine clean, something else appears -- no matter what piece of software you use to combat this plague. Even so, you still need to have some protection installed. Here are the five tools I prefer for keeping Windows as malware-free as possible. They don't cost a dime, and they're about as reliable as a malware removal tool can be.
Full Bio
Jack Wallen is an award-winning writer for TechRepublic and Linux.com. He's an avid promoter of open source and the voice of The Android Expert. For more news about Jack Wallen, visit his website getjackd.net.
Antivirus like AVG or Avast is the good utility to scan and remove the virus periodically. But some malware could not be removed with the help of this utility also. When such malware affect my PC and none of the antivirus utility is useful, then I called online technical support of Askpctechies ( http://www.askpctechies.com ) and they solved the issue by handling it remotely.
Hitman Pro is a great utility. Downside is you have to be Internet-connected to run it, and actually "cleaning" the malware costs you a license. However, it gives you the full path to the malware, so you can manually clean it yourself. Also Drive Unlocker, allows you to unlock locking handles on running files, so they can be deleted.
Hey how about SUPERAntispyware,I have used this version for some time now and has worked well.
I really wish that when TechRepublic puts out articles such as these that they inform the readers that some of these products (and likely most of them) are only "free" for home use. Granted some of the software publishers make it really difficult to determine this by either not publishing the EULA on their site or creating some other sort of vagueness. Two Cents stated not being able to find the EULA for malwarebytes on their site and from that made the assumption that it is indeed "free" even for business use. Your co-workers are correct, it is not free for business use: http://forums.malwarebytes.org/index.php?showtopic=68008 It is not even free for government use. We made a direct inquiry to them and were told that it can only be installed on the number of computers you license it for.
Combofix, Malwarebytes, Spybot - top 3. AVG - not so much (ever tried installing the last few iterations of it? Requires a special tool to remove it most of the time and you SHOULD uninstall it because it doesn't work worth a hoot). Avast - just so-so. Microsoft Security Essentials blows away both AVG and Avast and it's free, too, and I'd place it at number 4 on your list. After that lineup, who needs number 5? :)
After trying multiple times to get Microsoft Security Essentials to be less of a resource hog on Windows 7, I uninstalled that and went back to AVG on all of our home computers. In over 5 years, the only "infection" we've had to deal with was one or two cases of "scareware" that (in my experience, also including 1000+ computers supported at work) no anti-malware tool is capable of preventing (and luckily, are very easy to remove). Malwarebytes is defnitely an excellent tool. Some of my co-workers believe the free edition can't be used except for personal (home) use, but I've scoured the web site (http://www.malwarebytes.org/) and didn't find any information to support that. I would say that Combofix should only be used as a last-resort, when everything else fails and for some reason you don't want to start with a new load/image. Some co-workers report good results with Norton Power Eraser (NPE), but I've found better results using Symantec Endpoint Protection, which we have licensing for on all of our work computers. Though technically not a utility/program, another indispensible resource is the Bleeping Computer web site: http://www.bleepingcomputer.com. They have very detailed instructions for removing most malware (both manual and automated methods). In most cases I've seen, the automated recommendations usually involve RKill and Malwarebytes. One last opinion: Secunia PSI is excellent for keeping your computers up-to-date on Windows patches & lets you know if an installed app needs to be updated.
On my old Windows XP with .75 GB RAM - adaware seemed to be churning down too hard on the resources - removed Adaware and it runs better. I kept malwarebytes and Superantispyware. They have both helped to pull me out of situations with user's computers. From my experience I believe that Avast and Avira are two of the best AV programs. I currently use the Microsoft Security Essentials on one of my PC's - have heard it works pretty well - and should work well with Windows, but MS is a team so not sure it if would be better just because it was "made" by MS. Mr. Walen can choose what he wants, but I think he missed the boat on the Adaware over SuperAntiMalwre. I have had problems with updating SuperAntimalware on a Windows 7 box, I no longer have - when I installed the full paid for version - not sure if that has been fixed, several people were having the problem at the time, perhaps a couple years back.
https://www.botfrei.de/en/avira_down.html from Association of the German Internet Industry
Combofix Malwarebytes Norman Malware Cleaner (Free) MSE CCleaner SandboxIE (Sandbox your future browser or any program sessions after I clean your pc)
I use these in combination for several years now and find they work really well together to keep PCs virus & malware free. The paid version of MalwareBytes allows you to install it on several of your home machines under a single license. MalwareBytes is well worth paying for. I install the free versions of both AVG and MalwareBytes on to any PC that I work on. I agree that it would be nice to have the resident scanner in MalwareBytes, but I simply recommend that it is the one to buy!
I agree on AVG (it sure is not what it used yo be several years ago). AVAST IMHO is the BEST FREE Anti Virus and the Boot Scanner is a great feature. Malwarebytes & ComboFix are in a league all their own. I switched some time ago from SpyBot to SuperAntiSpyware FREE and find it a good compliment to Malwarebytes.
Its based on Kaspersky AV engine and its free as well. You can downlad it from http://www.escanav.com/english/content/products/downloadlink/downloadproduct.asp?pcode=MWAV And the next one not to forget is the Kaspersky Rescue Disk, which is free and can be downloaded from their website
What about Superantispyware ??????
I'm sorry, have you actually looked at MBAM recently? There is an real-time component, you just have to PAY for it!
Jack, your list is a good starting place. I used to like the Malwarebytes and Spybot one two punch. Now, I usually go with Malwarebytes and Super Anti Spyware Free Edition.I think it works as a better stack. I would also recommend HiJack this. It has been around for a while, but is a really useful tool.
AVG turned into a real pig - too bad, since it absorbed Ewido Anti-malware, which was a great program (that's why the anti-malware side of AVG is so good). Avast, Avira and MSE are all more effective AVs. though, and much lighter on system resources. I use Avira myself, it's consistently at or near the top in tests. I also run Malwarebytes' and SuperAntispyware. Gave up on SpyBot S&D some time ago - it's old, tired and slow. If they ever work the bugs out of the new version I may revisit it.
Hey, what about Super-Antispyware??? Is fast easily updated...Has a run-time option and generally does a more in-depth cleanup job than Malwarebytes...Though I use both....its SUPER-antispyware that is my go to guy...I actually use AVG as my day-to-day protection...the other two I run manally as needed...along with S&D SPYbot....never really have any problems... I can also recommend CCleaner too...But of course it will clean up your stored passwords, so beware....otherwise has never caused any harm...and does speed things up!
was certain to see Microsoft's Security Essentials on the list. I've been installing it on home users' machines and it works great! Pretty seamless integration with Windows 7 and it's FREE from Microsoft!
I have Free AVG on one of my laptops (with Vista on it, don't laugh!) and it really hasn't been working for me lately, so tried to remove and it has been a bear! I am still trying to remove it! Not sure what is going on. I use to really like it, but I haven't been that happy with it and want to get it off so I can use something else. Any ideas?
I got the " Paid Version Life of the PC " for only $15, that isnt much these days, I have No complaints and everything is intuitive and I would actually pay for it every year, dont tell them that,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
You're a bit hard on Malwarebytes. The paid version does have a resident component, which sets it apart from the free one. But the free one is brilliant at what it does, and for MWB to keep it free is mighty generous, IMO.
You Are Wrong in what you say about having to remove AVG, you simply disable it until reboot then run Combofix as Admin and all works fine and no need to uninstall AVG and it will reactivate after Combofix reboots your system.
that the free version of almost all the products I've tested are better than the paid versions. The only exception to this rule is Emisoft's Mamutu, but then I might say the free version of their anti-malware suite is better also, as I couldn't get reliable performance from their full paid suite. Mamutu doesn't have a free version anyway - so it is fully an exception here. I have paid for full versions occasionally to see if they work, so I have supported many of the best tools many times; and many of my clients have too. I also encourage donations to the companies that take them, most of my clients can afford a few dollars toward the cause, and they are surprised when I recommend such small amounts - but then - if I didn't they wouldn't be able to support them anyway, as most of them are indigent.
that AVG has ruined machines for my clients - I just can't recommend it - friends just don't let friends do AVG!
[quote]I would say that Combofix should only be used as a last-resort, when everything else fails and for some reason you don't want to start with a new load/image.[/quote] This. ComboFix is a hugely powerful program that has a ton of features. However, I would really advise that the average Joe really shouldn't use this as their go-to program every-time they think they have an issue with their machines. It is a very powerful program but could end up doing more harm than good if used unwisely.
but only recommend the free one to my clients, because it's true use is the crazy fast boost scan. It can make quick work of even a terabyte drive in boost mode! When I go on a rescue mission, it always finds even more malware, even after scans from many reputable brand names. The last time I used it in safemode, it made serious hay of many hidden malware variants - but a ZAccess backdoor new the jig was up, and blocked any subsequent boots. It was a zero day threat, and even Kaspersky's Rescue CD 10 couldn't get rid of it. Two days later, Avast was able to remove it from the backup folder.
If you use limited Windows accounts, only the IP blocking feature works. But I consider that worth the once-a-lifetime fee! AdAware was one of the few that actually kept malware from operating on the limited side(AdWatch), but I don't trust Lavasoft since they got bought out in January. When I tested AdAware in my honeypot lab, it would usually block known malware, even if it didn't need privileges to run. It would do this silently, unless you tried to force the issue, and then a warning alert would pop up. Too bad I can't trust it anymore. The RAM issues were challenging on older machines anyway.
I tried the new one, but it was no where near as good as the older Lavasoft AdAware. However, I don't trust Lavasoft since they got bought out in January. At least the old Spybot did block many cookies that you just don't need on your machine. I wasn't aware it had a host file, but it blocks a lot of troublesome ads that used to try loading malware on my honeypot lab. I always like the old SaferNetworking Tea Timer resident, but I agree, that it is old and tired and badly in need of modernization. The new release candidate, is apparently NOT free. As the trial ran out, my only recourse was to either donate or go back to the old SS&D!! I just don't feel it is good enough for a donation anymore.
Good point. I've been installing on computers other than mine. Jack's article is definately INCOMPLETE.
AVG makes a tool called AVG Remover, that's all you need.
You're absolutely right that Combofix is great, but AVG in it's current form, blows. You should just uninstall it (if you can without having to resort to their removal tool - HINT - any program that has an uninstall built-in that doesn't work and requires you to get their extra special uninstall tool SHOULD be uninstalled from your systems!). If you wanna do it right, run CCLEANER, then COMBOFIX, then MALWAREBYTES, and install MSE - all you need to keep your PC running sweet! Just sayin'... :)
This machine is running: - Comodo Firewall - Vipre AV ( Not free, I paid for this) - Ccleaner - as mentioned it removes passwords, but a good registry cleaner - and Malwarebytes anti-malware Gave up on AVG, Spybot, Winpatrol, and it looks like Superantispyware has gone too.
I like the fact it isn't a resource hog. That's more important to me.
I ran the AVG removal tool several times on an XP machine to remove AVG 7.5 on a customers machine in safe admin mode. Splash screen upon startup still comes on telling me product is not loaded and needs activation code! Can't seem to get rid of it! And i was amazed at all the files it removed from the registry!
because it is so trigger happy about the startup folder; in fact that is all I use it for. The reason, is that Zeus and its variants, inject into the startup folder upon reboot, shutdown, or log off - so it can survive to the next session - unless you happen to run CCleaner before hand, and then you might not ever need to worry about it. The only problem is that it is subject to malware manipulation, even on limited privilege accounts. I don't have a problem with that, because you can recognize the side affects of this attack. As long as the user is aware of what is going on in the "systray" (or similar), you can become aware of this condition and prepare for cleaning or scanning to rid the PC of the malevolent software. I still like SAS's crazy fast scanner - it is one of the best in the industry. That is also the only reason I use it, because it really doesn't offer anything to the limited account environment - unless you want to run it as administrator(Vista/Win7) all the time, which I still consider a bad practice - for now.


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This makes me very nostalgic. Fond memories have so much to do with forming our taste choices, both in our mouth/tastebuds and in our heads.
Is there a statut of limitations on memories?
Or a sell-by-date when they must be removed from the shelf?
Can I be nostalgic for what happened a moment ago?
I'll always be nostalgic for the luminous light in this little room in Paris...
A fragrance like my grandmother's Elizabeth Arden Blue Grass bath salts reminds me of...
staying over at her appartment, high over Fairmount park.
How can I forget looking out the window and seeing horseback riders below. In my memory, always a couple...always a prince and princess...
I don't remember a thing about this moment.
I do remember my mother taking us on picnics where she used to go horseback riding as a girl.
Can you be nostalgic for someone else's memories?