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CARLI Digital Collections
Struggle and Progress-African Americans in Knox County, Illinois (Knox College)
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Negro youth in a small middle western city
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J. Howell Atwood Manuscript Collection (box 9 folder 49)
Date Digital
The traveling men say it's a good town. The hoboes say
it's "jake." The collegians regard it as provincial if they
are from the Chicago suburbs, and decidedly urban if they
hail form the rural high schools. Its Chamber of Commerce
believes in enticing new factories by giving bonuses to going
concerns if they expand by moving to Galesburg. While the
women condemn its miles of quaint brick sidewalks all substan-
tial citizens agree that it is the Athens of Western Illinois.
They are proud of its undeniably handsome elm and maple lined
avenues, proud of the rich corn land surrounding the city,
proud of the Lincoln-Douglas debate staged that blustery October
day in 1858--held on the campus of Knox College, and proud of
the College which in its founding over a century ago gave exis-
tence to their community. Galesburg is several towns: it is
a farmers' shopping center, a manufacturing city, a railroad
division and freight classification point and a college town.
Its industrial output ranges from freight car frames to electric
refrigerators, farm gates and overalls. The prairie beyond the
city limits yields both brick and soft coal. The college output
has included notables from Eugene Field to S. S. McClure and
John H. Finley.
In its early days, the founders of the college were the
pillars of Galesburg's strength; pious reformers; men who feared
only God. They were active in the crusading movements which had
their inception in the 1830's: temperance and abolitionism. The
town became the principal Illinois center on the underground
railroad. Not unnaturally Negroes were attracted to the community.
They increased rapidly after the Emancipation Proclamation and
during the'70's. By 1880 the Negroes were four-fifths as num-
erous as they are today and were over six percent of the
11,500 population. But from 1880 to 1910 the Negroes actually
declined while the city's population as a whole doubled. Then
when the great Negro exodus northward and cityward was on, 1910-
20, the colored population expanded 21 per cent. Today there are
900 Negroes in Galesburg, about three percent of the total.
The underground railroad started the influx of Negroes. The
iron horse in 1854 started a tide of native and foreign-born
whites. In fact, after the opening of the railroad to Chicago
the Puritan colony was transformed. Now could be seen intemper-
ance, non-observance of the Sabbath and even separate schools
for Negroes! Irish and Swedes did the harder manual labor. But
by 1930 less than eight percent of the population was foreign
born, the Swedish constituting the bulk of this group. Some 250
Mexicans brought as section gang workers on the railroads live
pretty much to themselves in a box car cluster next to the vast
railroad yards but there are relief and W.P.A. families sprinkled
over the area of the city. Negroes from the early days have
dwelt in the four directions from the Public Square. However,
the poorer and humbler homes are south of Main Street. Retired
farmers and the folk of Swedish heritage help to account for
the city's fundamental conservatism. A Swedish name is a real
asset in seeking political office.
Vocational Pursuits
The early colored citizens of the prairie city seem to have
been substantial folk. There were Negro farmers in the county.
The best vegetables and watermelons a generation ago were raised
by a Negro townsman. In the '80s and '90s the fashionable barber
shops were run by Negroes. The transfer bus operating between
the railroad stations and the Union Hotel on the Public Square
was owned and operated by a Negro, a man of power in local politics.
In 1900 when a cleaning and pressing establishment was a "pantatorium"
three such enterprises were owned by Negroes. A grocery on the
Square for years employed a well respected Negro as one of its clerks.
Today the scene has shifted. There are no Negro farmers
though there are two colored farm-owners in the county. There
is a Negro barber shop but it has no white patrons. Motor taxis
have replaced the bus line and the one Negro taxi doesn't have white
patronage. There is a Negro-owned grocery store in the southwest
section where about two-thirds of the colored families live.
Another Negro-owned business is the barber shop and pool hall just
west of the Public Square. A licensed embalmer maintains a
commendable mortuary in connection with his residence on a well
paved street in the southeast section. The West End Social Club
where card games, craps, and presumably soft drinks may be enjoyed
by members is in a sense a business enterprise of the owner-manager
of the store building occupied by the "club."
Negroes today tend to be employees rather than proprietors
and their employment is often irregular and part time. In 18 per
cent of the 331 households there are two wage earners. In over
half of the families the father is the bread-winner. But in over
one third of the families the wife-mother goes out to work
more or less regularly. The most common job is some type of
house work generally done by the colored women; next comes
work on W. P. A. projects; then janitor or porter work for men
in down town office buildings and stores. There is an interest-
ing heirarchy here--the U. S. post office, the First National
Bank and college library being at the top. But there are Negro
trade unionists as brick makers, core makers in the foundry
and a sterotyper at the largest newspaper. Electric crane
operator, plasterer, round-house workers, postal clerks, musi-
cians, timber handlers at the tie plant, cooks, bus boys, shoe
shiners and red caps pass in review the principal kinds of
employment for men. From 25 to 30 Negroes, mostly men, sell
"policy" for three wheels which operate in violation of the
law. Among the women domestic service is almost the only sort
of available work, but there are a few exceptions: evangelist,
registered nurse, stock clerk, window dresser, and two teachers,
(one unemployed.)
The one Negro medical practicioner is on the staff of one
of the two hospitals. A Negro foot specialist with office on
Main Street has an excellent practice among both white and colored.
Among the seven ordained Negro ministers two are without pastorates.
Another way to describe the employment status of the colored
population is to cite a Department of Commerce study of 1934 from
which we discover that about 18 per cent of the Negro workers
are skilled. During the last three years, over a fourth of the
Negro population has been on township relief. In 1936 the second
largest category of Negro employment was on W.P.A. and C.C.C.
projects, 71 persons.
These colored people live in the four quarters of the city
though the majority of homes is in the southwest section
adjacent to factories, stock yards, and railroad properties.
Only 42 of the 331 households were north of Main Street, the
east to west bisector. The percentage of home ownership in 1930
was practically the same among Negroes as for the city as a whole--
56 per cent; but the depression cut the Negro ratio to 51 per cent.
Their homes, however, have been shown by a housing survey in 1934
to be decidedly older than those of the rest of the city. Over
half are at least 50 years old. Sixty per cent have no running
water. Three-fourths have no indoor toilets. Thirty-eight per
cent use oil lamps. Only 40 Negro homes have telephones. Twenty
per cent of the houses found in the entire city to be unfit for
use were Negro homes, yet Negro homes make up only a little over three
per cent of the city's total dwellings.
The Negro population stays put to a much greater extent
than does the rest of the city. House occupancy for the entire
city of at least 20 years was about 16 per cent; for Negroes it
was almost double, 30.9 per cent. Over half of the Negroes have
lived here 15 or more years. Sixty per cent were born in Illinois.
Forty-one per cent are natives of Galesburg.
A popular local misconception pictures the Negro family as
over sized, yet the fact is that the Negro family here tends to
be smaller than the white family. For the entire city one-person
"families" are eight per cent of all families. Among Negroes they
are over 22 per cent. The two-person families are 29.6 per cent
for the whole city, but 36 per cent for the Negro portion.
The three-person families are more common in the entire city
than they are among Negroes: 25 percent as compared with 16.4
per cent. And of necessity the four-, five-, and six-person
families are in low proportion among Galesburg's colored folk.
The greater hazards to the Negro family appear when the make-up
of some of these small families is considered: a two-person
family may be an elderly man and his adult step-daughter; a
brother and sister, both adults; an invalid mother and her adoles-
cent son. There were 120 families in 1936 having at least one
minor child. Over 40 per cent of them were lacking one or both
parents as part of the home.
A few of the very oldest colored residents tell of attend-
ing the public schools provided especially for colored persons.
They report sympathetic and well chosen teachers, but that one of
these two schools burned down in the early '70s and that the
separate schools were abandoned a few years later. The matter
of separate schools we know was an issue in one of the school
board elections. Between 1886 and 1936 the colored children
in the public schools ranged in numbers from a low point of 110
to a high level of 179, the average being 129.8. In the 1930's
due apparently to the greater stability of the Negro family
provided by relief, N.Y.A. and W.P.A., the average enrollment
has been notably higher, 169. This is not due to increase in
total Negro population since the census figures of 1930 showed
891 in the city and the author's family study of 1936 showed
901 persons. Thus this average public school enrollment is
18.9 per cent of the total Negro population, whereas for the
entire city the school population is 17.9 per cent. It might be
added that the minor colored population is only 26.2 per cent
of all Negroes while for the whole city children under 21 are
30.7 per cent of the population. This seems to prove that
colored children to a large extent are enrolled in schools.
Negro children attend the school of the district in which
they live. At the junior high school level colored children
not in the district but wishing to attend the Churchill Junior
High may be transferred at their parents' request. The Super-
intendent of Schools says there is a special problem of discipline
and irregular attendance at the Cooke school located adjacent to
the largest concentration of Negro families. This is due to the
large percentage of colored children who come from broken homes,
he insists. The failure of colored parents to cooperate fully
with school authorities and inadequate discipline or supervision
in the home also lie at the base of this educational problem
according to the Superintendent. "This is definitely not the
fault of the Negro child... These two problems of discipline and
irregular attendance are noticeable also at the junior high school
level, but in senior high the selective process has operated to
eliminate the retarded. Here the colored students tend to be of
a very high type."
The former Superintendent of Schools had remarked that
colored children tended to drop out of high school. The one
Negro school teacher in the county has made the same observation,
adding that, especially in the case of the boys, it is due to
economic necessity rather than lack of interest.
The two best established Negro churches are located near
to the center of the city. They were established in 1858 (Allen
Chapel) and in 1864 (Second Baptist.) Few white people know of
the existence of the three other small Negro churches since they
are located on unpaved streets in Negro neighborhoods toward the
city's margin. Each of the two major churches has a membership
of about 150 people. In neither of them can it be said that the
young people are interested or active. "The churches aren't
making any progress. They can't. They haven't any money. The
people can't get any work. There's not a Negro employed in the
Court House or at the City Hall or in the Public Schools... the
young people are in clubs--; the old people are in the churches...
The young folks have no inspiration; can't get any higher than a
porter; nothing to strive for. Young girls will go to a tavern
and dance to get a dollar... We've got no Y.M.C.A. where our young
boys and girls can go... Boys lay around the pool halls and play
'policy' and gamble to win a dollar." Thus spoke one Negro reli-
gious leader. Another explained the position of Negro youth and
the churches: "They've been trained by the adults to function in
clubs, outside the church work. They come to Sunday school, but
Christian Endeavor is neglected... The young people will promise
but don't live up to it. The root of the trouble is tin the laxity
of the parents."
A young Negro home on vacation from college preaching on
"Negro Youth" gave his version of the youth problem: "Our boys are
porters and shoe shiners. We are satisfied. We care for present
pleasures. We won't make the sacrifices... We lack respect for
our ladies. It hurts no man to lift his hat, to carry a lady's
basket or give her his seat. Young ladies, you must demand respect.
Respect yourself first... The crowd is easy to follow. If you
want to be set apart, to be stared at, just try to be somebody...
Youth today seem to crave publicity, want to be praised, are
chasing after false gods: clothes, money, cars; seem not to be
concerned about the things that lift up. Clothes don't make Dr.
George Washington Carver great! We must hold up our head; work
to gain wisdom. An intelligent man will make his place in the
world." Only eight members of the younger generation were present
to hear this young man's Sunday morning sermon, publicly announced
as a youth service.
Lodges and Clubs
The depression and shifts of interest are probably respon-
sible for the decline of the lodges which used to flourish in the
Negro community. The Masonic order with a score of members, only
a third its former size, remains. It sponsors troop No. 10 of the
Boy Scouts, a group of nine boys, 12 to 15 years of age.
A social-political club of men 18 to 40 years of age main-
tains club rooms above a Main Street store. In campaign years its
membership expands two or three times the 1939 number of 38.
No active branch of the National Association for the Advance-
ment of Colored People is maintained though one was organized a
few years ago. It declined in its third year due to insufficient
support and personal jealousies.
Among the women and girls a number of commendable social-
literary clubs flourish. Some have state and national affiliations.
They seek mutual and community improvement, serving the sick, the
aged, and the churches. One club sees to it that every Negro boy
and girl graduate of the senior high school receives a graduation
present. To this list may be added the Girl Scouts and a variety
of clubs in the five churches.
The colored veterans of the World War and their wives are
organized with a similar group from a neighboring city into a post
of the American Legion.
Color Line
According to the older generation of colored folk there was
no perceptible color line in the city in their youth. One elderly
lady says, "I hardly knew I was a Negro--growing up in Galesburg,
going through high school here." Today each of the movie theatres
follows some segregation policy in seating its Negro patrons.
Only one lunch counter on Main Street caters to both Negro and
white customers. The Y.M.C.A. is not available to Negroes, though
both hospitals are. The segregation issue arose in 1930 at Lake
Storey where the city was opening a large park and bathing beach.
A Negro youth and some young white men at the beach got into a
fight and for fear of more serious consequences the city authorities
promised the Negro citizens a separate park and bathing section
on the South shore of Lake Storey. This provides for picnicking,
dancing, baseball and swimming. Thus Negroes are expected to
refrain from using the facilities at Lincoln Park and on the north
shore of Lake Storey.
Because the Y.M.C.A.-Boy Scouts local summer camping facili-
ties were not open to Negro Boy Scouts of Troop No. 10, they, their
sponsors and friends developed a camping site of their own. Then
they generously made it available for the Spring "Camporee" of
all Boy Scouts of the area without color discrimination. Camp
Cheektowaka is near the colored beach on the south shore of
Lake Storey. It is used by Negro girl camping groups as well as
by boys.
Anti-Social Behavior
Though the probation officer considers that the Negro
children give her little trouble the fact is that in 1937 and 1938
colored boys were nearly three times as numerous among her cases
as the Negro population justified. Of the 11 boys in the last
2 1/2 years sent to the state training school by the juvenile court,
four were Negro. This is obviously out of line with the number
justified by the Negro population. Negro commitments of all ages
from the Sheriff's office for a recent 3-year period were a little
over twice the number which the Negro population called for. One-
fourth of the commitments were of boys under 21. While the absolute
number of Negro cases is not great, their proportion is significant-
ly high. This is a rough index of the social-economic disadvantages
under which Negro families live, under which Negro youths are grow-
ing to adulthood.
The girls apparently constitute a less serious problem. At
least there were no female commitments in the 3-year period studied.
The police matron is called upon by the school authorities to deal
with some behavior problems among colored girls ranging from
irregular attendance to fighting: eight cases last year.
Comparison of the known illegitimate Negro births in the
last four years with the recorded Negro births in that period showed
only about six per cent as illegitimate. It appears that popular
as gambling by means of "policy" playing is among Galesburg
Negroes, the younger group under 18 seldom indulge. This may
be due in part to the fact that few of them have a steady
Negro Youth Sampled
Against the community background thus far sketched we
should like to picture Negro youth as revealed in a series of
careful private interviews. Questions were asked of this samp-
ling of Negro youth ranging from color discrimination in school
and job to what more the church might do for Negro youth; from
what they think of the W.P.A. to their estimate of local and
national Negro leaders; from their fondest hopes and wishes to
their favorite pastime. If these young people were a fair cross
section of Negro youth in this small Middle Western city we can
from them picture certain of the crucial aspects of the life
experiences, some of the major problems of Galesburg's colored
The twelve boys and young men ranged from 15 to 27 years
old, averaging about 21; the ten girls varied from 15 to 26, and
averaged about 20. Most of them were born in Illinois; over a
third had resided in other states. The occupations of the
fathers of these 22 youths varied from W.P.A. worker to coal
miner, from musician to Protestant minister. Two had lost their
mother, seven had lost their father through death. With one
case of divorce there were thus ten of the 22, nearly half, from
broken homes. All but two lived in the parental home. The other
two were married men--one living with his wife, the other separated
with other relatives. Most of the youths had a room to themselves.
Six shared their room with a brother or sister. Only one admitted
there were any conflicts or arguments with parents--though a few
more allowed there were points of misunderstanding between them
and their folks. In this connection two cited dating, another from
a strict family the matter of having a "little more fun"; and
others mentioned health, diet and leaving town to seek work. Six-
teen denied any misunderstanding. Eight said they were expected
to contribute from their earnings to the family purse. Nearly
all indicated such contribution was appropriate and a few helped
support the family though they weren't expected to.
At School
The girls had gone over a year farther in their school careers
than the boys, though the boys were on the whole a year older.
Average completion of the girls was beyond the 11th year; for
the boys it was the 10th grade. Only three of the 12 boys were high
school graduates as compared with eight of the ten girls. As
indicated earlier there appears to be a greater tendency for the
Negro boy to quit school and go to work than for his sister. This
is not necessarily due to lack of interest, but is more closely
related to economic necessity in the family and to the greater
variety of jobs open to boys. Seven of the twelve boys and one of
the ten girls had quit before finishing high school, the reasons
being: death of a parent, 5; poor clothes, 2; health, 1.
These Negro young folk liked school. Most of them mentioned
some particular teacher who had shown them special consideration.
Typical reponses were: "My commercial teacher would call me up to
see if I was getting along O.K. she encouraged me to enter a
contest for a certificate in shorthand. I got two certificates as
a result." "One swell man teacher; he was awfully interested
in me; showed us a system of studying Latin... There were other
nice ones too; interested in every student." One youth spoke of
one of his teachers as prejudiced. One young woman said that
while she was treated fairly all through school no one showed
much interest in her. Several gave credit to all of their teachers.
The athletic coaches who are also teachers were spoken of in
equally favorable terms, despite the fact that several boys spoke
of the policy of not allowing a Negro boy to make the senior
high school basketball team. This was recognized as not the fault
of the coaches, but the policy of a former school administration.
Asked as to their chance to take part in extra-curricular
activities of the schools five contended that they were denied
the normal opportunities, but most had actually participated in
some of the activities. A typical boy's answer was, "All the
activities I wanted to except basketball." Athletics, clubs,
plays, assembly programs, chorus, variety show, debate and orches-
tra were specified. Two quotations will show a change of admin-
istrative policy regarding clubs. A young man who has been out
of school several years said: "...we couldn't join the clubs in
my day and couldn't play basketball; could play football where
you could break your neck;" One of the recent graduates reported:
"I was in the all-school variety shows; also in one assembly
given by the girls' chorus. I belonged to a social literary club.
There have been clubs open to us for three or four years at least."
At the high school level the colored and white students
seem to get on quite well together. "It seemed in the shift from
junior to senior high there was a vast difference in the attitude
of the white students toward me. They seem more courteous,
friendly. Now there are four clubs, no dues. When we have a
party or banquet we chip in. In the variety show the colored
dressing room was always crowded with white and colored students.
They all congratulated us. If they had any candy they shared it
naturally." A less favorable response was, "Most were all right.
A few were kind of funny. Majority treated me the same as them."
Fifteen replies showed favorable relationships with white fellow
students predominated. But two other quotations are in order:
"Some were unpleasant, the lower classes, the 'smart alecs';
most were O.K." "Calling a Negro boy a 'nigger' is the worst
thing a white boy can say... Most all the boys I know carry a
knife now for protection--colored and white... You'll find the
colored boy tries to avoid trouble."
Jobs and Vocational Plans
The Negro young people interviewed ranged from junior high
age to married status. Consequently questions on jobs and the
future had vastly different meanings for certain of the young
folks. As to actual employment, five of the men and one of the
young women had steady full time jobs. These young men had held
their jobs an average of five years, the young woman three months.
The steady jobs among the men included auto painting, brick
yards work, janitor work, laundry work. The
first vocational choices of the group were somewhat of a contrast
with these actual jobs: medicine, civil service, music, athletic
director, Y.M.C.A. secretary, farmer, undertaker, sign painter.
Two of the men with steady jobs downtown, as an avocation played
in a jazz band; one said he would like to give up portering in
for music as a career. Another with a seasonal job would like
to get into farming. Among the girls the one steady job was in
domestic service. In contrast the first choices expressed by
the girls were: teaching, nursing, beauty culture, dancing, secre-
tarial work, library work. Only one of the six steadily employed
young people saw any real future in the job itself, and even this
one had plans for shifting to the entertainment field, a combina-
tion of music and dancing.
For those youths who had finished high school and were
ambitious but financially unable to go on to college or special
school there was a sense of frustration. They were seeking work of
any sort hoping to save the money required for the special train-
ing they wish. A case in point: a girl with her high school
major in commercial subjects, special gifts in that direction,
employed two Saturdays a month in a rest room, with odd typing
jobs; wanted to go to night school to continue commercial train-
ing. Another girl was unable to go on to college, though she'd
like to become a teacher; eldest child in a large family; father
a W.P.A. worker with $48.00 a month wage and supplemental relief;
her financial obstacle in such a large family seemed insuperable.
Another young woman had been out of high school several years;
had worked in two large cities both in the East and Middle West:
"When I was in _____ I had a job three years at the ______ theatre
ladies' rest room. But there wasn't a chance to use my head.
Just be there." Is it too much to infer that frustration had
driven her to the parental home and to domestic service? Another
instance is of a younger boy baffled by heavy responsibility: lived
with invalid mother, two-person family; had steady but part-time
janitor work, on relief; wasn't getting proper food; much
influenced by his biology teacher; had dreams of medicine
as a career; yet wasn't sure he could finish the last two
years of high school.
The young people interviewed seemed to group themselves
into four classes so far as vocational plans went: those
with definite, well laid plans, four persons; those who had
tried to plan but were frustrated, seven; those with verbal,
but vague plans, nine; those with none, two. Opinion of the
young people as to whether their Negro friends were worried
about the future seemed about evenly divided in the group
If wishes could come true about half of the group would
have transported themselves into their first-choice vocation.
Five expressed their first wish in terms of racial improve-
ment or increased justice to the Negro. On wish No. 2 personal
self-improvement was the largest single category (better educa-
tion, better job, better personality). Four cast this wish
into race-conscious terms: "I do wish we could feel free and
had equal rights as citizens regardless of where we are living."
Attitude toward Church
All but two of the interviewed youths expressed favorable
attitudes toward the church, but such statements were sometimes
accompanied by the admission that they themselves didn't attend
church very regularly. Twelve were members, but this didn't
necessarily mean regular attendance. Others attended but weren't
members. Two voiced criticism of the church. Several spoke
of the church as "a nice place to go." They indicated the ways
the church is a help to young people, mentioning ethical
training, character-building, good association, unification
of the Negro group, "feeling of God." Their suggestions for
greater service of the church to youth ranged from more social
activities and more sympathetic leadership to greater punctu-
ality and less hypocrisy on the part of church leaders. Com-
ments from the Negro ministers and admissions from several
of the young people themselves indicated that Galesburg's
colored youth are not very devoted to the churches. One girl
spoke quite frankly: "So few come at times that the work of
the church is less effective--at times Sunday School is packed;
again very few... The young are minus on spiritual quality.
The church must teach greater regularity; make more interesting
programs, so as to interest the young." One spoke of the
burden of so many Negro churches. It might be added that the
young people reflect pretty much the attitudes of many of their
elders toward the church: nominal support, actual indifference,
except for the faithful few. In one church about half of the
members have officially to be listed as not in full standing
because of their financial and other neglect.
Young people are bound to have a good time, but dating
for Negro youth has restrictions imposed by the color line.
In the summer there is the colored beach at Lake Storey with
a choice of picnicking, bathing and swimming, dancing in the
brick pavilion, and patronizing the pop and hot-dog stand.
It is popular with the young people. Downtown there are the
movies frequented by all dating young foks. The segregated
seating insisted on in some form in each was branded as unfair
by 12 in the interviews. Four refused to condemn the practice.
One said he stayed away because of segregation. Others men-
tioned a particular theatre as one they wouldn't attend because
of segregation and discourtesy to Negroes. After the show
there is no cafe or confectionery where colored folk can com-
plete the evening, but this was not mentioned in the interviews.
During the winter four or five large-scale dances with top-
grade Negro bands are held in the Armory, enthusiastically
enjoyed by all but the most pious of the Negro community.
Two-thirds of the youth interviewed said they danced and about
the same proportion said they dated.
The former N.Y.A. Recreation Center with its well rounded
program had utilized a vacant store building near the largest
constellation of Negro families. It had been enjoyed by about
half of the interviewed group. The "center" is now privately
operated as a public meeting place for young folks where games and
dancing, candy, pop and sandwiches may be enjoyed. "There is a
nice place at the 'center,' so long as the right crowd is there.
But if someone comes with liquor then we have to leave."
Favorite recreations mentioned included reading, singing, piano
playing, sewing, public speaking, attending church; but skating,
swimming, baseball, tennis, basketball, bicycling, and boxing
were also named.
Most of the interviewed youths reported that they did not
use liquor and the three men and two women who indulged insisted
that they did so in moderation. There appeared to be no reason
to doubt these statements. Few of the taverns of the city serve
Half of the sample of Negro youth had membership in some
club. The activity of these clubs may partly explain the weakness
or absence of youth organization in the churches. Clubs meet at
private homes and occasionally at the "center."
A substantial majority had words of approval or partial
approval for the W.P.A. program. One girl went on to say Negroes
could find better jobs if the local factories and warehouses didn't
willfully refuse to hire Negroes. Less than one third of the
sample had had contact with emergency relief case workers, and
of these the approving attitudes expressed outnumbered the critical
or unfavorable ones.
In the interviewed sample, nine failed to name an outstand-
ing living American Negro when invited to do so, and seven failed
to name a woman. One may wonder if this is because few Negro
newspapers and magazines are read by the younger generation. Is
this deficiency of race pride? It may be the unconcern of youth
or perhaps neglect in the schools of emphasis on contemporary
Negro contributions to American culture. Asked about adult Negro
leaders of the two sexes in Galesburg, 13 omitted any mention of
a local colored man and 14 of any Negro woman. This doesn't mean
there is no social stratification nor that no one aspires to
leadership. Five men were mentioned, but none got over three votes.
It may mean that the local Negroes are sufficiently divided along
political and sectarian lines that no widely followed person has
emerged as leader in recent years.
Apparently the city authorities on the whole enjoy the con=
fidence of the young Negroes. Only a few voiced pointed criticism
of the mayor, alderman or city police. About half were non-committal.
The fact that there are two Negroes on the police force may help
to commend the city's governing authorities to the colored popula-
As customers colored youths are almost always well treated
by the merchants of Main Street, but when these same young people
seek work the merchant changes expression. "They won't hire
colored at the stores here except as janitors and stock clerks."
"Once in a while in a chain store they aren't polite. At ______
I worked two years; they overworked me." "There was one small
shop where they didn't want colored to try on a dress."
The colored youths interviewed showed genuine discrimination
in comparing their opportunities in Galesburg with those available
to young Negroes in other cities. Due to limited experience a few
declined to comment. Several stated that the degree of opportunity
open to Negroes is related to the size of the city and of Negro
population in that city. Several cited both advantages and limita-
tions in Galesburg. Some were critical of Negroes and of their own
age group. A few commended the progress being made in certain
Southern cities. A refrain repeated was that in Galesburg a good
education is provided at public expense, but after Negro youths
get it they aren't permitted to put it to use. The color line in
the Y.M.C.A., the segregated seating at the movies, the lack of
tangible spurs to ambition were mentioned without animus. But
discrimination against the Negro seeking a job and white refusal
to let a Negro get "a good job" was the most repeated criticism.
Not all those young Negroes were blaming white color-prejudice for
their woes. When asked to specify the greatest hindrance they had
to face living in Galesburg, six found it within the Negro group.
Two-thirds of those who responded made answer in terms of color
prejudice and the limitations on jobs and advancement. "They
had me help the girl in the shipping department so I learned all
about it. When she had to go the boss asked me how I'd like to
work there. 'Fine,' I told him, 'I can do this. I know how to
figure percentages; how to make out shipping tags.' Next thing
I knew, he took a green young man out of the store, I had to show
him about half of what he did. The boss had to be down to help
him a lot. I could have taken over the work, but being colored,
I guess the boss figured he wouldn't promote me. But he promised
One Case
And so we have sketched in broad strokes some of the major
trends of experience, attitude, and opinion in a sample of
Galesburg's Negro youth. Now let's introduce one young person
in an attempt to show how a single individual through confidential
interview reveals his problems. Tone of voice, facial expression,
bearing, emotional quality, eagerness, cannot be committed to
paper, but so far as words can convey a boy's experiences they
will be presented. This case is not presented as average or
typical; it is simply one case. A few facts which might be identi-
fying are altered, but the person concerned gave his consent to
the publication of this anonymous account. Since William isn't
his name, that's what we shall call him. He was born 17 years
ago in Illinois and has never lived elsewhere. His father, a
skilled workman in the building trades, died when William was 8.
William has a room to himself. His mother is aged, but is his
best friend. She understands him. There are no arguments in
this two-person family.
Medicine is his first vocational choice, and another pro-
fession ranks second. He likes school. The teachers treat him
"Fine--just like a white boy--swell." The coaches show an "out-
standing interest" in him. As for the white students' treatment,
"Some of the kids I feel very close to. Others treated me real
well; no difference. Others were sort of shy of me." He takes
part in several of the extra-curricular activities at the senior
high school where he's in the 10th grade. "All except basketball.
Had a feeling that I couldn't take part. Some of our boys did
get on the squad at the last of the year. That may be due to the
new Superintendent and principal. I think this change had to do
with their thinking toward us. I belong to a club." The school
authorities encouraged him and were "well interested" in him.
He named one high school teacher as the most interesting one he
had ever had. "Not a bit of prejudice; helped me a great deal.
Wanted me to get along. She helped everyone, in fact. She made
clear about diseases. How the human body was important--a wonder-
ful creation, dressed or undressed--not vulgar. It helped me to
be more at ease--know how to treat girls and what to think of
girls. She said she believed the way we lived is the way we die.
If we keep our physical standards right--eat, sleep, think
straight--then all will be right with you."
William has only part time employment since he attends school.
He has worked a year and a half for the same employer. But it
is an unskilled job and he sees no future in it. He earns his
own clothes and spending money. Relief handles the rest. Plans
for the next few years merely involve "keeping on" in school and
at his job. "I should like to get a better paying job and work
so as to take care of my mother. He'd also like to go to college,
yet it is clear to him that his mother is his first obligation. So
his plans beyond high school are vague. His choice of medicine
is a longing, a dream. At least when asked about plans for the
fourth year hence his realistic thinking was directed at getting
off relief and supporting his aged mother.
Favorite pastimes in summer are swimming, picnicing and
reading; in winter he reads--both at home and at the public library,
though no Negro newspaper or magazine is available there. His
more active pastimes are enjoyed at the Negro beach at Lake Storey.
William has a girl friend to whom he is thoroughly devoted. On
dates they go to the movies, to the beach which he likes very
much, and to dances at the Armory. He has never been drunk,
though he has had beer on holiday occasions in the home of rela-
tives. His drinking is "hardly noticeable." He doesn't like
other liquors.
William belongs to a club of young men his age. "We have
parties where only our own members and guests are present." He
is a member of one of the churches and attends too. "The church
hasn't enough support of its members and of the colored community.
There are so many different churches among us. Why it isn't kept
up is the hard times and colored people aren't making much money.
Church helps him "to have a feeling of religion and of God. With-
out this a person is lost--no good to others or to themselves.
The church is doing its part very much. It is up to the people to
come to church, but some have to work on Sundays to get ahead.
A church depends very much on the preacher. If he isn't liked the
church goes down. The present situation isn't very satisfactory."
William had heard plenty of his friends talking about their
future plans. "Lots are thinking of going to some training school.
Others have already went to school. Others just want a decent
job to live half-way decently. They are worried very much about
their problem of becoming what they want to be."
With municipal affairs he has had little contact. He has
heard criticism both from colored and white sources, but "rumors
aren't to be taken seriously... I think there should be more
colored policemen." As for the Main Street merchants "they don't
pay enough for work. If one is trustworthy and obedient they
should pay what it's worth. They don't do that."
Regarding the various movie theatres William isn't "very
happy--not satisfied." He grants that no one wants to sit next
to a dirty or intoxicated person. "Throw them out if they don't
act right. If they are neat and decent they should sit anywhere."
In comparing Galesburg with other cities this segregation issue
was mentioned again.
William had attended the former N.Y.A. Recreation Center and
he finds the present privately operated "center" is not a real
substitute for the former program, though it is a nice place "so
long as the right crowd is there."
Toward the W.P.A. he has an attitude of uncritical approval.
His contact with relief case workers had been direct and favorable.
He appreciates the way the government has helped them.
If he could have two wishes come true he would have : 1.
good health, and, 2. a good job. The employment problem was
again stressed when he spoke of the greatest obstacle to Negro
youth in Galesburg. "We haven't any opportunity here to be anything
except a janitor, all dirty work."
William named outstanding Negro figures in the nation, but
none in the local community.
"If I accomplish anything it's because I try hard. If Negro
youth is given half a chance they'll be a help to the country--to
the whites and to themselves... My poor work in school is partly
because I don't feel well. My boss tells me about the proper
food, but on relief we can't get it. I don't get cereal or milk
for breakfast.... We can't look at one Negro youth who goes
wrong and judge all. There are plenty who are good and worthy...
'Let the Negro live.'"
Physical Description
typescript on 28 pages of onionskin paper, 8.5 x 11 in.
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text:
That depends how you feel about celebrity fashion lines, fragrances and... baby shower paper party plates?
Yep--Carole and Michael Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge's mom and dad, are promoting a line of party products on the website of their family-owned business, Party Pieces, aimed at cashing in on the royal pregnancy.
"American style" baby showers are starting to catch on in the U.K., and the Middleton's line of "A New Little Prince" and "A New Little Princess" party packs are ready. And on sale!
"Little Prince" party kits include plates, invitiations, and the "Little Princess" kits also have napkins.
So what do you think? Crass or cute?


text:
Corporate Update, issue 5
Case Western Reserve University and its alumni think beyond the possible in unique and exciting ways. Some find cures to once incurable diseases; some create novel products that change the way we work and play; and others develop new businesses that boost the economy and provide society with innovative goods and services.This year, the university celebrated the pioneers who struck out on their own and created new companies with its first Entrepreneurship Celebration. The reception featured President Barbara R. Snyder and was hosted by two of Case Western Reserve's most successful enterprisers: Hiroyuki Fujita (GRS '98, physics), president and CEO of Quality Electrodynamics, a medical imaging company that was named to Inc. magazine's list of America's fastest-growing companies; and Claude Kennard (MGT '91), president of MAR Systems, a clean water technology company that Businessweek calls "one of America's most promising startups."The Office of Corporate Relations is continuously looking to meet Case Western Reserve's entrepreneuring alumni. If you have started your own company, we'd love to hear from you. As always, I welcome your emails at firstname.lastname@example.com my best,Anne M. BorchertExecutive Director of Corporate Relations and Strategic Projects
Return to top.
research collaboration
The National Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM)—a multi-institutional initiative that brings together regenerative medicine experts from around the state—has proven to be beneficial to Northeast Ohio's physical and economic health.
Since its inception in 2003, the center has created more than 130 new jobs and helped attract almost $100 million in private equity for partner companies. And its collaborations with experts around the state make it uniquely positioned to rapidly implement new stem cell technologies from bench to bedside.
Additional funding from the Ohio Third Frontier in 2009 provides CSCRM the support it needs to continue to aggressively move new technologies from academic labs towards commercial development.
"We have been able to link corporate partners to our major projects and have been gratified by the development of a stem cell biotechnology commercial landscape in our region," says Dr. Stan Gerson, Director of the National Center for Regenerative Medicine and Director of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center.Learn more about the Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.
philanthropic investment
Alcoa, the world's leading producer of primary aluminum, fabricated aluminum and alumina, has partnered with Case Western Reserve for more than 30 years, investing more than $1 million in university initiatives.
Recently, the company has been busy helping to increase diversity on campus by supporting minority and female students in programs such as the university's chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, The Institute for Management and Engineering , Support of Undergraduate Research and Creative Endeavors and the Center for Layered Polymeric Systems' outreach program for high school students.
As one of Alcoa's targeted partner universities, Case Western Reserve has also been a destination for the company's recruitment efforts as it seeks to hire top talent.
Pictured are students from the Center for Layered Polymeric Systems' outreach program for high school students.
marketing and visibility
This year's David Deioma Lecture will feature Ray Leach (pictured) , CEO of JumpStart, Inc., a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating economic transformation through the growth of entrepreneurship.
The Deioma Lecture is intended to educate the university and community
about technology-based new venture creation, entrepreneurship and
innovation. It is sponsored by the Master of Engineering and Management program and supported by an endowed gift from David Deioma (CIT '62).
Join us Thursday, March 3, at the Rheinberger Auditorium of Severance
Hall to hear his thoughts on the growth of Northeast Ohio's
entrepreneurial ecosystem. A reception will begin at 4:30 p.m. in the
Smith Lobby, followed by the lecture at 6 p.m. Early registration is advised.
Learn more about Leach and the Deioma Lecture.
Human capital development
This semester, GE has chosen 12 Case Western Reserve students to participate as co-ops at the global company, including GE Lighting in East Cleveland, Ohio.
This builds on GE's long history of partnership with Case Western Reserve's co-op program. Since the program's inception in 1985, the company has hosted more than 200 Case Western Reserve students, who have held co-op positions across 12 business divisions at GE.
"GE Lighting not only challenges its co-ops with great assignments, the company also takes the time to teach us about the lighting business and technology and provides professional development and networking," says Matt Root, a fourth-year Chemical Engineering student who is currently completing a co-op at GE Lighting (pictured, second from right). "I've already worked at four different production facilities across the Midwest, and feel like I've made great contributions with some of the best engineers in the world."
GE Lighting has hired co-op students from Case Western Reserve for the past 24 years. "Case Western Reserve has provided us with a pipeline of outstanding engineers for decades," said Michael B. Petras, Jr., President and CEO of GE Lighting.
Learn more about the co-op program and how you can help todays students get real-world experience.
Read about the latest research news and collaboration successes, and find out how you can imagine and influence the future with Case Western Reserve. Visit case.edu/corporate
Be sure to add email@example.com to your address book to make sure these messages make it to your inbox.


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Ranking masters runners has always been more problematic than ranking open runners, since there is little head-to-head competition and only a handful of national championship races. This year we have relied upon different databases than in the past, which have the benefit of more age-graded information, but have some drawbacks, most notably, the absence of results for many foreign athletes. This will be remedied in 2006.
Age grading was one of the prime factors used in determining rank within the age group. On occasion there will be runners with better times ranked lower than other runners in the age group, but the age grades for the specific ages favor the "slower" runner (e.g., a 49-year-old with the same time as a 45-year-old would be age graded as faster). Other factors considered were head-to-head competition where it existed, national championships, or participation in prestigious national races that attract nationally-ranked runners and where serious competition could be expected. Some consideration was also given to the number of races run, as well as the diversity of distances.
We list the top three athletes in each five-year age group, as well as several runners deserving of honorable mention. For each of the top three we list only the top performance in each distance run, not all of their races.
M40 | W40 | M45 | W45 | M50 | W50 | M55 | W55 | M60 | W60 | M65 | W65 | M70 | W70 | M75 | W75 | M80 | W80 | M85 | W85 | M90 | W90 | M95 | Performances of the Year
40- 44 Top
1. Mbarak Hussein (NM)
10K Beach to Beacon 29:40
7M Falmouth 33:22
Half Marathon Jefferson Hospital Distance Run 1:03:23
25K Third River Bank 1:17:12
Marathon Twin Cities 2:18:28
2. Dennis Simonaitis (UT)
5K Salt Lake City 15:27
10K Heritage Oaks 31:00
7M Falmouth 35:20
12K Bay to Breakers 38:21
15K Gate River 47:45
Marathon Bank of America 2:22:36
3. Brian Pope (MS)
5K Carlsbad 5000 14:57
10K Peachtree Road Race 31:20
15K Gate River 48:51
Honorable Mention: Paul Aufdemberge; Fred Bunn; Driss Dacha; Rob Elia; Tim Keenan; John Mirth; Tim Wallen


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text:
French FM: Assad time is over
The French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said Sunday that the agreement reached in for a political transition in Syria meant that "Bashar al-Assad's time, ultimately, is over." The "unanimous" agreement by the diplomats of the Task Force on Syria, including Russia and China, "says precisely that there will be a transitional government that will have all the powers," he told TF1 . "It is said that (its members) will be subject to mutual consent. The opposition will never accept Assad. So, it implicitly means that Assad must go. Bashar al-Assad, term, it's over. "
Fabius added that during the next meeting of the Friends of Syria Group, scheduled for Friday in Paris, "we will put additional pressure on Bashar Assad." "If what we decided (Saturday in Geneva) is not enough, we will return to the UN Security Council and ask the application of Chapter VII of the UN Charter," he said."
Meanwhile, the Syrian opposition considered the Geneva agreement as "too vague". However, the opposition highlighted few positive points in this agreement. The final declaration of the Geneva meeting on Syria "appears to suggest some positive elements," said Sunday Bassma Kodmani, spokeswoman for the Syrian National Council (SNC), the main opposition group.
"Important elements are too implicit and too ambiguous and too vague," she said. It holds two "positive" points: "The first is that the final declaration indicates that the participants were in agreement that Assad family can no longer run the country and they can not be part of the period of transition."
"The second positive point is that there is an agreement that the transition must meet the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people. This expression for us means the departure of Assad since the Syrians have already spoken to this effect," Kodmani added.
Following the conference, the Americans and Russians were trying to convince everyone that they had been successful in the power struggle which divided them: "We opened the door to a future without Assad," said the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who spoke after Kofi Annan. "Assad must go, he will never obtain the consent of the Syrian parties to stay, with blood on his hands."
For his part, Sergei Lavrov, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, has disagreed, saying the departure of Bashar al-Assad "absolutely is not part of the plan."
Top Headlines
Any plan that leaves the door open to Assad to prevail is rubbish! The Arab Springs have been about busting despotic rulers out of power, not about re-configuring them as democrats and continue business as usual under a phony perception of democracy. In Syria, the Arab Spring is about demolishing the 40-year Assad family rule, as in Egypt was demolishing the 30-year old Mubarak regime. Anything less will be a farce, and a betrayal to the 15.000 Syrian civilians who lost their lives to throw Assad off the saddle.
Russia is foolish to place all bets on Assad, and I feel it is time for the West to get serious, and establish a security zone inside Syria -on the Turkish borders- for Syrian refugee protection, and as a supply depot for rebel weapons and armaments. That will deliver the message to Russia that the West is determined to do way with Assad.
The Russians then will have the choice to force Assad out, or see a pro-U.S. and anti-Russian, anti-Iranian regime in Damascus.
Assad has become un-salvageable, and one way or another he would be ousted - probably violently. Russia's bet on him is akin to betting on a "dead horse," and that proves they are still clueless that their last bastion in Middle East will eventually be overrun! But waiting until it happens would cost thousands thousands more Syrian lives unnecessarily! Nikos Retsos, retired professor


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The Ugliest American went to Cancun. I should know. She sat next to me…on a 3½ hour flight.
Only one empty seat on the whole airplane was next to me. The start of a perfect flight to paradise was one minute away.
Not to be
Clue number one, her language needed some work. Actually it needed a lot of work. I'm sure some passengers learned new words on this flight.
My only hope was she would pass out. The sooner the better. Not to be. If possible, she became louder.
Clue number four, she was rude. No surprise there. She critiqued every passenger within sight on their attire, hairstyle, body shape, and overall appearance. Nothing fazed her.
Wendy Van Patten is a travel writer from Sergeant Bluff, Iowa. Contact her.
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Sometimes, for security or other reasons, project sources must not be stored and displayed.
since 1.5
It becomes quickly necessary to input historical data and to highlight some events. It is possible by going for example in a subversion tag and use the sonar.projectDate option. Format is yyyy-MM-dd, for example 2010-12-25.
Current date
since 1.5
Exclude files from analysis. This property is usually set in the page Settings of the project. It's a comma separated list of wildcard patterns. Paths are defined from the source base directory. Example: com/mycompany/*.java,**/*Dummy.java.
since 1.8
Some project modules should not be analyzed and consolidated with global project measures, for instance samples, integration tests or generated code.
since 1.5
Comma-separated list of the modules to analyse, all other modules are automatically ignored. Be careful : the root project must be added to the list.
since 2.2
Manage SCM branches. Two branches of the same project are considered as different projects in Sonar.
since 1.10
Through the Sonar web interface, you can define as many quality profiles as you want and you can easily associate one of this quality profile to a given project. You can also make this association by using the property "sonar.profile", although this association is not persisted in Sonar in this case. This is why this property should only be used temporarily or for testing purposes.
Default profile for the given language
since 1.6
Deactivate Java bytecode analysis. Since Sonar 2.0, the java bytecode is analyzed by Sonar in order to extract dependencies between packages and files. Those dependencies are used for instance to display the DSM (Dependency System Matrix). This bytecode analysis can be deactivated.
since 2.0
Run maven phase or goal prior to analysis. When Sonar needs a phase or maven goal to be executed prior to analysis, this parameter can be used. For example sonar.phase=generate-sources. This property is used only for Maven analysis.
since 1.10
Dynamic analysis relates to unit tests. By default, those unit tests are executed but you can optionally decide to do only static analysis or to reuse existing reports which have been previously generated. Possible values are true, false, reuseReports.
See the Code Coverage by Unit Tests tutorial for details and examples.
since 1.7
|To set the working directory for the Sonar Runner or the Sonar Ant Task (versions greater than 2.0).


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Federal employees as well as military personnel are working under a "big question mark" now that sequestration has become a reality, said a local union representative.
Base officials said in a Thursday press release that
"We don't know what to expect until we get guidance from the Department of Defense," said Albert Burgess, the president of the Local Government Employees Union. "The only thing we know for sure is there will be 22 furlough days (for civilian workers) and that permanent employees will take a 20-percent pay loss."
Due to the sequestration, which took effect Friday, temporary employees will be released indefinitely and term employees will not get their contracts renewed. According to Burgess, there are still many questions left to be answered by the Department of Defense, as well as Congress.
"As far as the execution of this goes, it's contingent on what Congress sets forward and we won't know that for a little while," Burgess said. "We are already undermanned because of pay and hiring freezes. The base is only operating at 80 percent.
"Things are about to get much worse."
According to Burgess, the government cannot use military employees to fix deficiencies in the civilian workforce — something that will result in "massive manpower deficiencies."
"These cuts are indiscriminate," Burgess said. "You really don't know what parts are going to be affected because the furlough only takes care of $5 billion. It will cost more in the long run though because you won't have civilian personnel to give the military optimal training."
Base officials withheld comments on how training will be affected, saying it would be speculation at this time.
Both Burgess and base officials said employees should expect proposed letters about the furlough within the next month.
According to the press release, "those affected will be notified at least 30 days in advance" meaning furloughs will not go into effect until, most likely, mid to late April.
"Management and labor will come to an agreement on how to do the furlough," Burgess said. "The process has yet to be identified with specificity, so there's nothing definitive for us to tell anyone. All we know is that this affects everyone from first responders on the base to employees at the hospital.
"Productivity aboard the base is going to suffer tremendously."
Sequestration will have far reaching effects on
"The loss of pay and jobs in
"The top priorities remain the requirements and readiness levels of the operating forces, wounded warriors and families," said the release.
Contact Daily News Military Reporter Thomas Brennan at 910-219-8453 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @thomasjbrennan.


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New Bern native Antwan Scott tries to stay away from the political arena when it mixes with his sport of basketball.
But on his most recent mission, it was hard for him to completely avoid the controversial subject.
Scott, who played his college basketball at Wake Forest, was invited by former NBA star Dennis Rodman to play an exhibition game in North Korea this past week.
The group included three of Scott's friends from the And1 Streetball Tour, along with former NBA players Kenny Anderson, Doug Christie, Clifford Robinson, Vin Baker and Charles Smith.
The trip was overwhelmed with questions on politics and Rodman's highly-publicized relationship with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.
"All we wanted to do was go there and build a relationship through the sport, not the politics," Scott said. "I stay away from the politics and things. Being around for as long as I've been around, I know how that stuff works, so I don't feed into that stuff. It made national news and it's ground breaking. Nobody from here has ever done that. There's no telling what can come from this."
The exhibition game, played in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang, made national headlines. It was played on Kim's birthday. The plan was widely criticized because of Kim's brutal dictatorship.
North Korea's human rights record, threats against the United States, development of nuclear weapons, and its role in capturing American missionary Kenneth Bae were cited as reasons against Americans participating in the exhibition game.
"They won't put the politics aside, and that's what I am learning being home," Scott said. "I can give them my story, and it all comes back to the politics. That's not my job, that's not why I was there, that's not why my name was called."
Scott said he had only good intentions for joining Rodman's squad. He knew what he was getting into when he agreed to play basketball in North Korea.
"Who wouldn't do research? I knew about North Korea. I knew about Kim and the stuff that goes on," Scott said. "It's not like I was blind to it, like a lot of people are saying.
"I knew exactly what I was getting myself into. We've been planning this trip for a while. It's been postponed two or three times."
The purpose of the trip, Scott added, was to start a positive relationship between North American and North Korea — a task he felt was a success.
"They welcomed us with open arms. It wasn't what I expected," Scott said. "Once we got there, and the plane landed, they were outside waiting for us. We got off the plane, went into this little building, they got our bags, and everything after that was first class. They showed a lot of love."
Scott has a passion for working with kids in the area, interacting with the public and sharing his basketball knowledge.
He was looking forward to bringing that to another country.
"It's crazy because all we did was something we do every time we go out," Scott said. "The only thing different was that this made national news. I go into different countries, into different cities and different gyms and I teach basketball and encourage kids to do the right thing."
Scott's been to 22 countries, touring with former NBA players and streetballers. But because of the political stances, this one received more national attention.
Scott, who played his high school ball at New Bern High and then at Oak Hill Academy, said one thing he will always remember was when Kim walked into the gym to take his seat.
"We were standing in the tunnel before we ran onto the court. The leader wasn't inside the gym," he said. "When he came inside the gym, 15,000 people stood up and they were clapping.
"They were clapping and chanting for 20 minutes. I got chills and everything. I stuck my head out and people had tears and screaming."
Scott believes Rodman's relationship with Kim, and his outburst on CNN, was blown out of proportion.
"Dennis, out of all the guys that I've met, he has the biggest heart, especially for kids," Scott said. "He loves to give back. He will do anything for anybody at the drop of a dime. Most of the time, he's the quietest guy in the room. That whole trip, he wanted to stay away from the politics and take more of a closer look at what he was trying to do."
Scott returned to the states on Friday night, and has received feedback, both positive and negative.
The 6-foot-8 former And1 star, who went by the nickname 8th Wonder, is grateful for his supporters.
"We got a lot of positive feedback, and a lot of negative feedback. A lot of the negative feedback, I think, was more from people closer to the military, which I can understand," Scott said. "When it's all said and done, I think they will get a better understanding of what we did and why we did it, instead of thinking of the politics side of it. I tell everybody to not judge me or any of the guys on this trip based on the politics. What we did was good."
Adam Thompson can be contacted at 252-635-5669 or at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow Adam on Twitter @Adam_matic.


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|Introduction | Canon PowerShot G15 sensor performance | Canon PowerShot G15 versus competition | Conclusion
With a DxOMark sensor score of 46, the Canon PowerShot G15 actually (disappointingly) comes in behind its predecessor, the 10.1MP G12 (with its CCD based sensor), albeit by just one point. However coming 162nd in the overall DxOMark rankings, the raw sensor performance of the G15 fares a little better when viewed against last year's rivals such as the Panasonic Lumix DMC LX5 and Nikon P7100, ranked 164th and 165th respectively. We've yet to assimilate the data for this year's LX7 and P7700 models, but the G12's higher 157th placement shows a slight hike in pixel count may be impacting Canon's lead in sensor performance. We'll have to wait and see.
The Canon PowerShot G15 delivers no improvement in Low Light ISO at 165 over the G12's 161. Individual scores of 19.9 Bits for Portrait (Color Depth) and 11.5 Evs for Landscape (Dynamic Range) are both considered to be good but are behind the best performers in this class, which are currently the older Canon PowerShot S100 and Fuji X10 (though it should be noted the Fuji sensor is a slightly larger format, albeit still <4:3).
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
To website
The Canon PowerShot G15 and Nikon Coolpix P7700 are two cameras with a long lineage (with the Nikon's being a bit harder to follow). The Canon PowerShot G-series and Nikon's competitive offerings have gone through numerous variations over the years, but haven't strayed far from the original design philosophy: a fast lens, manual controls, and expandability via system accessories. The thing that's changed the most has been how you compose photos. For a long time, both the G and P-series cameras tended to offer optical viewfinders and articulating LCDs. On these latest models, the G15 lost the flip-out/rotating LCD but retains the optical viewfinder, while the P7700 sports only an articulating display and has shed its viewfinder.
Read the article
Canon's PowerShot G15 is the latest iteration of the popular G-series compacts aimed at enthusiasts. It packs a number of refinements over its predecessor, not the least being a new f/1.8-2.8 high-speed zoom, larger, high-resolution screen and a smaller, more compact body. It also marks the move from CCD to a Canon made CMOS with a fourfold increase in maximum sensitivity and full HD (1080p) video capture. Will the new Canon show any advance in image quality over the earlier G12? Read on to find out.
Added by Tripodasaurus | April 28, 2013
Canon G15 vs Canon G12
I suppose market research dictates that most folks in this segment want a smaller camera. The older G12 is small enough to fit into a jacket pocket and for me that's small enough thank you very much! There must be many folks with large hands like mine where beyond a certain reduced size, controls become too fiddly to be enjoyable.
One major attribute of the G12 is its articulating screen. I find it invaluable when using a tripod since most light tripods don't extend high enough to reach my eye level, requiring either bending or stooping or both to look through the viewfinder. The G12's screen turned upwards means one can happily use the camera on a low tripod for hours at a time. Ah! bliss.
For me, photography is all about enjoying the experience of taking interesting photographs and less about the current fashion of having the latest or technically the top rated gear. The best gear for me is that which brings me the happiest day out and that's not necessarily the sharpest lens or smallest size etc. I'm keeping a tight hold of my G12 and clinging on to photographic happiness for as long as possible. Thank you DxOMark for pointing out the differences and helping me stay happy!
Am I bucking the trend here?


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Plus Blog
May 22, 2009
Friday, May 22, 2009
After a gruelling 73 days each dragging 110kg of equipment in temperatures 40 degrees below zero, polar explorers Pen Hadow, Ann Daniels and Martin Hartley are now safely home in the UK spring sunshine. The aim of their expedition was to produce a comprehensive set of sea ice and snow thickness data in the Arctic, and despite technical problems, their data has already produced some surprising results.
Labels: Latest news
posted by Plus @ 8:17 AM
2 Comments:
May 21, 2009
Thursday, May 21, 2009
Debate the big questions of the universe
The response to our International Year of Astronomy project seven things everyone wants to know about the universe has shown that Plus readers are keeping up with the frontiers of theoretical physics. Now you have a chance to debate the Big Questions in person, as the Astrophysics Group at the Physics Department of Imperial College London present a new series of debates on topical themes in modern astrophysics and cosmology.
In each debate a member of the Astrophysics Group will discuss one of the big questions raised by cutting-edge research with a guest, be it the origin of the Universe or the existence of black holes. The series will be accessible to everybody and is aimed at the general public, who will have the opportunity to ask questions in what will be a lively and interactive discussion.
The first topic up for debate is "the Origin of the Universe" at 6-8pm on Thursday 18 June at Imperial College, London. Prof. Michael Rowan-Robinson and Rev. Dr John Polkinghorne, will tackle the fascinating question of what the Big Bang means from both a scientific and a theological perspective. The next event will take place in mid-July and will discuss the existence of the mysterious dark energy.
Attendance is free but registration is essential, you can find out more at the Big questions site.
And for those of you holding out for the answer to our latest question 'Are the constants of nature really constant?', we have just recorded John Barrow's answer to this question, which ranged from how to standardize the widths or wires to alternate universes. We'll publish his answer in a podcast and article next week, as well as launch the next poll for you to choose the third thing everyone wants to know about the universe. Stay tuned....
posted by Plus @ 4:18 PM
0 Comments:
May 19, 2009
Tuesday, May 19, 2009
Should international travel be banned in the face of swine flu? Should life-saving drugs be withheld because they're too expensive? Should the government ban alcohol? And are bacon sandwiches really that dangerous?
Plus may seem like an unlikely place to look for answers to these questions, but this is about to change. With support from the Wellcome Trust we're launching a new project, called Do you know what's good for you?, which will look at the role of mathematics and statistics in the biomedical sciences.
Labels: Health and medicine, Latest news
posted by Plus @ 8:00 AM
May 13, 2009
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Just over two weeks after the outbreak of swine flu, sorry, H1N1, most of us have come round to the idea that a pandemic doesn't always necessitate panic. The infection is spreading steadily, but in most people it's relatively mild and only a very small number of people have died outside Mexico. So were initial media reports just hype?
Labels: epidemiology, Health and medicine, Latest news
posted by Plus @ 3:25 PM
1 Comments:
May 12, 2009
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
100 things you didn't know you didn't know
If you're thirsty for knowledge, then go along to this free Gresham College lecture taking place in London on Wednesday the 13th of May. It marks the publication of John D Barrow's latest book, 100 Essential Things You Didn't Know You Didn't Know, which answers one hundred essential questions of existence. From winning the lottery, placing bets at the races and escaping from bears, to sports, Shakespeare, Google, game theory, drunks, divorce settlements and dodgy accounting; from chaos to infinity and everything in between. Barrow writes a regular column for Plus, so you might be lucky enough to see some maths you've seen in Plus live on stage.
The lecture starts at 6pm and you can find directions on the Gresham College website.
posted by Plus @ 3:36 PM
0 Comments:
May 7, 2009
Thursday, May 07, 2009
Listen to Plus podcasts and win a £50 book voucher!
If you have listened to one or more of our podcasts, then please tell us what you think about them by completing our online survey. It only takes five minutes, and you'll be entered into a prize draw to win a £50 book voucher — it doesn't matter where in the world you are! Your opinion will help us assess how well we've done on our podcasts so far, to improve future podcasts, and also to secure the funding we need to continue producing them.
Thanks very much for your help!
posted by Plus @ 11:24 AM
0 Comments:


text:
Groovy-Eclipse provides a compiler plugin for Maven. Using the compiler plugin, it is possible to compile your maven projects using the Groovy-Eclipse compiler.
How to use the compiler plugin---Setting up the POM
In your plugin section, you must change the compiler used by the maven-compiler-plugin. Like the javac ant task, the maven-compiler-plugin does not actually compile, but rather delegates the compilation to a different artifact (in our case, the
groovy-eclipse-batch artifact):
By default, this will use Groovy 1.8.0 to compile your code. If you would prefer to use 1.7.10, then add another dependency to the maven-compiler-plugin:
This will allow Groovy files to be compiled. The maven-compiler-plugin prefers all source files to be in
src/main/java and
src/test/java, but if you prefer you can use the standard Groovy convention and keep your files in
src/main/groovy and
src/test/groovy. You can do so by adding the following plugin to your build section of the pom:
The groovy-eclipse-compiler recognizes all settings supported by the maven-compiler-plugin.
Note that the groovy-eclipse-compiler and groovy-eclipse-batch artifacts are now available in Maven-central, so there is no longer any need to explicitly declare any extra repositories.
Sample project and source code
A sample project using the compiler plugin as well as the source code for the plugin itself are available from the Codehaus.org subversion repository:
We don't have a maven archetype project available for the compiler plugin. We would greatly appreciate someone contributing one.
Why another Groovy compiler for Maven? What about GMaven?
There are several benefits that the compiler plugin provides over GMaven, but at the same time it has a few limitations. First, the benefits:
- The compiler plugin does not require the creation of Java stubs so that your Groovy files can compile against Java files. This will prevent some arcane compile errors from appearing.
- The Groovy-Eclipse compiler is the same inside Eclipse and inside Maven, and so configuration across the two platforms can be simplified.
- The compiler plugin is a standard compiler plugin for Maven. It therefore follows all allows all the same standard configuration that the Javac compiler plugin uses. This makes it simpler to introduce Groovy into an existing Maven project. All you need to do is change the compiler plugin that the pom references.
There are some limitations:
- GroovyDoc tool is not supported because the compiler plugin does not produce stubs.
- Groovy Mojos are not supported.
Whether or not the Groovy-Eclipse compiler plugin for Maven is appropriate for your project will depend on your requirements.
M2Eclipse integration
Groovy-Eclipse also provides integration with m2eclipse, the Eclipse's tool support for Maven. Currently, this support is only meant to be used with existing GMaven projects. It will have no effect on groovy-eclipse-compiler projects. If you want to use groovy-eclipse-compiler projects in maven, then you should use the maven-eclipse-plugin as described above.
Using this integration will ensure that your GMaven projects will be properly configured when they are imported into Eclipse. You can install the integration from the following update site:
Where to find more information and ask questions
The compiler plugin was originally described here and here, but these posts are no longer updated and this page will always contain the more recent information.


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Subject: Video special: Key events that took Apollo to the moon
17:00 23 May 2015
When oil prices crashed, ecologists hoped the Arctic would get some breathing space. Instead, the military occupied this pristine wilderness, says Fred Pearce
13:00 23 May 2015
Novel kinds of artificial eye lenses are allowing both the short-sighted and long-sighted to see fine without glasses, even for reading
10:00 23 May 2015
From personal feuds to fruitless quests to overhaul quantum theory, the two physics legends fought hard to maintain their fame, argues a new book
20:00 22 May 2015
The relationship between US law enforcers and the communities they protect is broken, but data can be used to repair that trust
see all latest news
For exclusive news and expert analysis, subscribe to New Scientist.
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firming treatment and lightweight moisturizer for normal to oily skin
Give your skin a jolt of radiance with Skin Adrenaline, a fast-acting, multi-purpose concentrate that works as a firming treatment, skin regenerator and lightweight moisturizer for normal-oily skin types. It boosts elastin and collagen without heaviness or excess oiliness while rejuvenating lackluster skin. As a skincare primer, it layers perfectly under highly active skin treatments, helping them to sink in deeper, and it can even be layered on top to seal in effectiveness and leave a soothing, smoothing finish. A popular pick for men, as both a moisturizer and an aftershave treatment to help heal and soothe skin. 1.7 oz.
• Anti-pollution, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging.
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text:
Things were fairly status quo at the alphabet network though there were a handful of fairly significant gains and losses. America's Funniest Home Videos was up by 25% while Wipeout, Happy Endings and the Dancing with the Stars results show all had big drops.
Which ABC TV series will be renewed or cancelled depends mostly on the show's ratings, particularly the 18-49 demographic. Before we get to the season-to-date averages, here are the winners and losers from April 29th through May 5th — based on the coveted demo, as measured against the last original episode.
Week-to-Week Gains: 20/20: A Modern Fairytale 1.6/5 (+14.3% compared to Thurs), America's Funniest Home Videos 2.0/7 (+25.0%), Extreme Makeover: Home Edition 2.3/6 (+4.5%), The Middle 2.0/6 (+5.3%), Better with You 1.6/5 (+6.7%), Modern Family 3.9/10 (+2.6%), Cougar Town 2.2/6 (+4.8%), and Private Practice 2.3/6 (+4.5%).


text:
Important Tips
I can't emphasize enough that the floor surface (linoleum, plywood, cement, etc.) must be clean and free of holes, cracks, dips or any other damage. Sand, dirt and grit will inhibit the bonding process, as will old adhesives or a glossy surface. Make sure your surfaces are dry before laying down adhesive vinyl floor tiles.
Leave the tiles in your home for 24 to 48 hours to allow them to adjust to the temperature. You will need to pry off any molding and replace it after you lay the tiles. Sun can damage or bleach tiles, so you may need a throw rug here or there once the tiles are laid. Don't take the paper off of the tiles and begin laying them until you are absolutely sure of your measurements.


text:
Image may not necessarily represent the actual item -Please read the title and description before purchasing.
Our Price: $17.21
You must be 18 to purchase shotgun ammo, or 21 for rifle & pistol ammunition. Ammunition must ship via UPS ground with signature required. For safety reasons, we cannot accept returns on ammo. Please make sure you use the correct ammunition in your gun, and check your local laws before ordering. We will not ship products to locations with legal restrictions on their ownership or possession.
The FLITECONTROL wad uses a rear-braking shot cup to stay with pellets longer and choke them into a lethally tight pattern. It eliminates the need for expensive aftermarket chokes and provides more pellets on target. This High Velocity copper-plated, buffered lead option will get to the bird faster. Look for the NWTF logo on the box to be sure you're giving money back to this important habitat organization. Use Black Cloud approved aftermarket chokes for even greater pattern performance.
Please Note: This description may represent a general group of products. Please read the item's title and specifications for more specific information about this particular item.
Gauge : 12Type : FliteControlLength : 3.5"Ounces : 2 1/4 ozShot Size : 6Muzzle Velocity : 1150 fpsRounds/box : 10 Rounds Per Box, 5 Boxes Per CaseDrams : 4.14
Reviews of Federal Mag Shok FliteControl Turkey PFC135F6, 12 Gauge, 3.5 in, 2 1/4 oz, 1150 fps, #6 FliteControl Shot, 10 Rd/Bx
As thanks for your feedback, we will send you a $5 coupon code for writing a product review!
Just click the 'Write Review' button on the product's information page.
Enter your UPS tracking number to track your order
Firearms | Handguns | Rifles | Shotguns | Tactical Rifles | Tactical Shotguns | All Manufacturers


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Angela Denise Garner and John Wayne Cobb, both of Kinston, were united in marriage at 3 p.m. Aug. 17, 2013, at Greater Mt. Zion M.B. Church. Minister Carrie "Lucky" Carter officiated the ceremony.
Escorted by her nephew, Erwin West of Atlanta, Ga. and given in marriage by her sisters, the bride is the daughter of the late Rev. Earl Lee and Mary L. Garner who lived in Kinston. She is the granddaughter of the late Liddell and Frances Lawson.
A 1981 graduate of South Lenoir High School, she is employed by Electrolux.
The groom is the son of Mrs. Alberta Cobb of Greensboro and the late Jerry Cobb Sr.
Also a graduate of South Lenoir High School, he is a crew leader with the City of Kinston Water Department.
The bride wore an A-line off the shoulder, T-strap mermaid style gown with a fitted bodice. Mini pearls and crystals adorned the front and back and flowed onto the Chapel length train. Her elbow length veil, handmade by her niece Carmalinda Ryan, was accented with mini pearls and crystals and was arranged to resemble one of her mother's many hats.
The bride's sister, Sonya Garner of Kinston was matron of honor.
Sister of the groom, Jerwanda Cobb of Greensboro, was maid of honor.
Bridesmaids included the bride's nieces, Angela Beasley of Goldsboro, Toya Lawson of Winterville, Anitra Garner, Connie Garner, and Iris Garner, all of Austin, Texas, LaToya Garner, Tywanda Garner, and Chimere Sumpter, all of Kinston; Tanya Wright and Shavondra Chapman, both of Kinston; the groom's sisters, Nadine Cobb and Denise Collier, of Kinston; and the bride's daughter, Le'Teia Garner also of Kinston.
Junior bridesmaids were Myeka Dunn, the groom's niece of Greensboro; Jonikaa Cobb, daughter of the bride and groom; and nieces of the bride, Brittney Garner and Tyresha Garner, both of Kinston.
The bride and groom's granddaughter, Le'Teiacesa Lews of Kinston was a miniature bride.
Flower girls were Le'Treza Jones-Garner of Kinston, the bride and groom's granddaughter; and the bride's nieces, Amayzen Garner and Aniya Sumpter, both of Kinston.
The groom's brothers, Donnell Jones of Kinston and Demetrius Cobb of Greensboro, both served as best men.
Groomsmen were Cullen Cobb and Tony Cobb, brothers of the groom of Greensboro; the bride's nephews, Kenneth Lawson of Winterville, Demarco West of Atlanta, Ga., Jeffrey Garner of Austin, Texas, Cee Cee Garner and Jamo Gibbs of Kinston; the groom's brothers, Jeffrey Cobb and Thomas Cobb of Kinston; Rodney Dail, Julius Hodges, and Clarence Lee, all of Kinston; and the groom's nephew, Lee Jerald Rhodes also of Kinston.
Junior groomsmen were the groom's son, Dijon Cobb of Kinston; and the bride's nephews, Ramon Garner of Kinston, Ja'Wante' Carter of Smithfield and Kennith Ryan of Windsor.
Jakyle Stancil, nephew of the bride was a miniature groom.
Ring bearer was Cliffton Garner, nephew of the bride of Washington, D.C.
Jaiel Sumpter, nephew of the bride of Kinston was bell ringer.
Ushers were the bride and groom's son, Knijaa Cobb, and the groom's son, Ryshaun Cobb, both of Kinston.
Wedding music was provided by organist Tony Edmondson.
Vocalists were Loretta Williams, George Kittrell, Bonita Burney-Simmons, and D'Audra Richardson.
The wedding was directed by the bride's sister, Mary Kittrell.
Register and program attendants were Ernestine Rhodes and Shaquala Rhodes respectively.
Following the ceremony a reception was given by sisters of the bride, Mary Kittrell, Yvonne Brunton, and Mamie Jenkins at the Hampton Inn in Kinston. Reception servers were Gail Garner, Margie Harvey, Shawn Garner, Vetrina Miller, Carmalinda Ryan, and Samanta Rhodes.