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Thursday, July 5, 2007
Aviation student earns Casto & Wolfe Aviation ScholarshipsColumbus State Aviation Maintenance student Kyle Beachy has earned the Casto & Wolfe Aviation Scholarships for the 2007-2008 school year.
The Columbus Regional Airport Authority joined with the Casto and Wolfe families to establish the scholarship program in honor of the vital role the families have played in the successful development of Port Columbus International Airport. Students receive $2,000 toward college expenses in the upcoming school year.
Beachy is in the second year of his aviation maintenance program and is currently working as an intern at a local aviation company.
College students dedicated to pursuing degrees in aviation management, aviation maintenance or related fields of study from The Ohio State University, Franklin University or Columbus State Community College are eligible for the scholarships. Two $2,000 scholarships are awarded each year. The scholarship program began when Port Columbus celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2004.
"It became evident as we celebrated the rich history of Port Columbus that we should honor the significant contributions the Casto and Wolfe families have had on the advancement of aviation in central Ohio," said Elaine Roberts, President & CEO of the Columbus Regional Airport Authority. "Scholarships supporting students dedicated to pursuing careers in aviation are fitting tributes to the Casto and Wolfe families."
The Casto and Wolfe families continue to serve the local aviation community. In 1991 Wolfe family member William C. Wolfe Jr. was named a founding member of the Airport Authority Board of Directors. Don M. Casto III became a Board member in 1993 and continues to serve on the Board today.
Litt named to Trainer's Hall of FameDavid Litt, Ph.D., associate professor of Sport and Exercise Studies, was inducted into the Ohio Athletic Trainer's Association Hall of Fame in May. His plaque will hang in Ohio's Hall of Fame in the Convocation Center at Ohio University.
Litt was recognized for his contributions to the Ohio Athletic Trainer's Association as a committee member and his work on ethics for athletic trainers. The association now requires each certified trainer to take one class on ethics every two years. Litt has also served as a national examiner for the National Athletic Trainer's Association certification exam for more than 20 years. He began his athletic training career at West Point in 1978 and came to Columbus State as the athletic trainer in 1992. He started as an adjunct faculty member in the Sport and Exercise Studies 1993 and became a full-time instructor in 1996.
Pickaway Center offers first class
The Columbus State Community College Pickaway County Center at Teays Valley High School held its first class on Saturday June 30.
Students are enrolled in ECD 102, Intro to Child Development Associate (CDA), taught by Mary Lou Guillory , assistant professor in Early Childhood Development. The course is the first class toward national CDA credential requirements.
In addition to Early Childhood classes, several general education courses will be offered at the Pickaway Center for autumn quarter. The Columbus State Pickaway County Center is located at Teays Valley High School, 3887 State Route 752 in Ashville. For more information about the Pickaway County Center please contact the Off-Campus Programs Office at ext. 2696.
Don't miss Wellness Fest '07The Columbus State Wellness Initiative will offer several events next week to celebrate wellness. A number of wellness exhibits and vendors also will be featured outside on the plaza area of campus, or indoors in the gymnasium if the weather is bad, from 10 a.m.-3 p.m. For more information on Wellness Fest '07, contact Don Laubenthal, at ext. 3627.
Schedule of Events
Monday, July 9 10 a.m.: Campus Walk, meet at the statue 11 a.m.: Fitness Demo "Tone Those Arms," Human Performance Center, DE 029 Noon: Presentation "The Sitting Society" by Don Laubenthal, DE 111
Tuesday, July 10 10 a.m.: Campus Walk, meet at the statue 11a.m.: Fitness Demo "Core 101" Human Performance Center, DE 029 Noon: Presentation "Work Day Work Out" by Mandi Cecil , DE 111 Come and join the fun at Wellness Fest '07!
"A Mother and Daughter's Art" exhibition on display in the ERC Galleries
A new art exhibition, "A Mother and Daughter's Art," will be on display this month at the Educational Resources Center (ERC).
The exhibition features the work of quilt and doll artist Barbara Thomas and painter Vivian Pitman.
Barbara Thomas has spent much of her life with a thimble on her finger. Since patterns made no sense to her, she always made things "freestyle." Thomas, who puts the puzzle together in her head, makes story quilts and dolls of every style color and nationality.
Vivian Pitman paints her neighborhood on Cleveland Avenue and is lovingly anti-romantic. Painting in acrylics, she enumerates every brick on a barbershop's façade and each shape in the security gate protecting a mission church. Pitman copies the graphics and graffiti with fascination--the wall of a whole building covered with surreal creatures in brilliant colors comes across like a deep-city art-zoo, a work of wonder and joy. Pitman does this with the triangulation of the powers of eye and vision.
ERC Director Bruce Massis invites you to "come and wander your way through the ERC and take advantage of this wonderful and sumptuous exhibition."


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US 6423050 B1 Abstract A central-vein cathether is locked by anticoagulant and bactericidal solutions separated by an air bubble. The anticoagulant is injected first, then the air bubble, and then the bactericidal solution, so that the anticoagulant is located close to the catheter tip in contact with the blood and the bacterial solution is located close to the catheter hub, where bacteria contamination is common. The air bubble prevents mixing of the solutions. A multi-chamber syringe facilitates sequential injection of the anticoagulant, air and bactericidal agent with only one connection, decreasing chances of contamination. The syringe includes internal and external coaxial barrels separated by seals, the external barrel having a discharge opening located off center in the barrel bottom, and the internal barrel having two or three chambers, each with an outlet opening. The internal barrel is rotatable relative to the external barrel to consecutively align the outlet openings with the discharge opening, allowing sequential injection of the contents. The syringe may also be used for aspiration of the locking fluid from the catheter with only one connection.
Claims(17) 1. A method of preserving the operative condition of an implanted vascular access catheter having inner and outer ends, between the uses of gaining access to the vascular system of a patient, the method of comprising:
inserting an anticoagulant agent through the catheter outer end to drive any blood in the catheter back into the patient vascular system and to fill an inner portion of the catheter with the anticoagulant agent;
then inserting a seperating substance into the catheter to fill a central portion of the catheter; and
then inserting an antimicrobial agent into the catheter to fill an outer portion of the catheter,
the preceding insertion steps being performed without discharging the agents or the substance from the inner end of the catheter,
whereby the separating substance separates the anticoagulant agent from the antimicrobial agent.
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11. A method of preserving the operative condition of an implanted vascular access catheter having inner and outer ends, between uses of gaining access to the vascular system of a patient, the method comprising:
providing a syringe having plural separated chambers each having an outlet opening and a plunger and movable among injection conditions wherein the outlet openings respectively communicate with a discharge opening,
filling the chambers respectively with plural locking fluids,
connecting the discharge opening to the outer end of the catheter, and
sequentially injecting the fluids from the chambers into the catheter without discharging the fluids from the inner end of the catheter.
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Description This invention relates to implanted intravenous catheters and, in particular, to techniques for locking such catheters between uses and for prevention of infection. Intravenous catheters are increasingly used as blood accesses for hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, and for infusion of drugs and nutrients. There are two major complications of intravenous catheters: thrombosis and infection. Both are at least partly related to the method of locking the catheter lumen in periods between uses. Catheter Locking Soft, cuffed, single or dual-lumen, central-vein catheters are commonly used as permanent blood accesses. Between uses they are locked by being filled with a fluid to isolate the patient's vascular system from the environment. To prevent clotting, the entire lumen or lumens of such catheters, from hub to tip, are commonly filled with an anticoagulant in the period between uses. This locking solution is aspirated prior to the next use with a syringe and discarded. If the solution cannot be aspirated, because the catheter lumen is clotted, the solution is pushed into the venous system. Such injection of the locking solution may cause excessive anticoagulation or other side effects. Heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant to lock catheters between uses. Each lumen is locked with 5,000 to 10,000 units of heparin after dialysis. This solution must be withdrawn from the catheter before the next use, since this much heparin may result in bleeding if infused into the patient. Heparin exerts its anticoagulant activity mainly through activation of Anti-Thrombin III, and it is effective in concentrations as low as 1 unit per ml of blood. Heparin has no ability to lyse preformed thrombi or fibrin sheaths and has no antibacterial properties. In fact, it may promote growth of bacteria within the �biofilm� layer of protein on catheter surfaces. Also, heparin induces severe loss of platelets and paradoxical clotting in some patients (the �white clot� syndrome). Another anticoagulant used for catheter locking is urokinase, which is derived from urine and kidney cells. It is a serine protease composed of two chains joined by a disulfide bridge. The precursor molecule, single-chain urokinase (scu-PA) is also active. Urokinase is inhibited by plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2, and protease nexin-1. A receptor for urokinase on endothelial cells (u-PAR) may modulate urokinase activity by removal of urokinase-plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes. Both two-chain and single-chain urokinases are more active in the presence of fibrin and heparin. Catheter lumens maybe locked with urokinase to restore the patency of a clotted catheter, or urokinase may be used instead of heparin to prevent clot formation between dialyses. In case of inability to aspirate the locking solution, the injection of 10,000 units of urokinase is harmless, since much higher doses are used systemically to lyse fibrin sheaths formed on the outer surface of the catheter. Another anticoagulant used for catheter locking is tissue plasminogen activator, which is a single-chain serine protease with a molecular weight of 68 Kda. Tissue plasminogen activator has not been used for routine locking of catheters, but has been used in small doses (1-2 mg) to restore patency of clotted catheter lumens. Injection of this small dose of tissue plasminogen activator present in the catheter lumen has no systemic effect. Catheter Infections Infection associated with catheters is a major reason for their removal. The major source of infection in cuffed catheters appears to be contamination of the catheter hub or lumen during connection or disconnection procedures at the start of and completion of hemodialysis. Periluminal migration of bacteria along the external surface of the catheter as a source of infection seems to be less common, since most catheter-associated bacteremias are not combined with exit or tunnel infection. The surfaces of catheters create a conducive environment at which bacteria can grow and impede phagocytosis by white blood cells. Furthermore, the bacteria can produce a biofilm, i.e., a coating of proteins and glycocalyx that protects bacteria from antibiotics and white cells. None of the aforementioned anticoagulant locking solutions has any significant antibacterial properties and, therefore, none is of any assistance in combating or preventing infection. While it is possible to lock catheters with bactericidal agents, such as concentrated (27%) sodium chloride, 10% povidone iodine, 4% chlorhexidine, or 1% sodium hypochlorite, none of these bactericidal agents has any anticoagulant activity. If systemic antibiotics are used for treating bacteremia, they will have an antibiotic action while they are present in the catheter, but this occurs only when blood is flowing through the catheter lumen, such as in dialysis. Treatment with systemic antibiotics is frequently ineffective and removal of the catheter becomes necessary, due to persistent bacteremia (caused by catheter colonization) or worsening clinical condition, Catheter removal, however, is not always possible due to the difficulty in creating alternative blood access. Infection also is the major reason for removal of the smaller cuffed central venous catheters used for infusion of drugs or total parenteral nutrition. Their internal surfaces may also be subjected to antibiotic agents, but only during antibiotic infusion. One approach to salvaging a colonized catheter is the use of flush solutions, i.e., to lock the ports of the catheter with a mixture of an antibiotic and an anticoagulant or thrombolytic agent. The disadvantage of this method is the diffusion of small amounts of antibiotic into the systemic circulation. This may cause induction of resistant organisms, a growing concern for all antibiotics. For this reason, it is unlikely that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would approve chronic catheter locking with antibiotics, and the use of antibiotics for infection prophylaxis should be avoided. Another approach is to use as a locking solution trisodium citrate, which may have both anticoagulant and antibacterial properties. However, while studies have indicated that concentrated trisodium citrate is able to kill or prevent the growth of most bacteria, it seems to have only a weak effect on staphylococcus aureus, which, of the most common microorganisms responsible for catheter-associated infections, is the most virulent and difficult to eradicate without catheter removal. Another disadvantage of catheter locking with concentrated citrate trisodium is its ability to induce transient hypocalcemia, tingling of the fingers and metallic taste when injected into the bloodstream even in small amounts. Even transient hypocalcemia may cause arrhythmia. It would be possible to inject an anticoagulant agent into the catheter, followed by injection of a non-antibiotic bactericidal agent. However, diffusion would cause mutual dilution of both the anticoagulant agent and the bactericidal agent. Dilution of the anticoagulant should be avoided in order to prevent clot formation at the tip of the catheter. Also, diffusion of the solutions increases the risk of strong bactericidal agents being brought into contact with the blood, a condition which should also be avoided. As mentioned above, most data indicate that contamination of the catheter hub is the most common etiology of catheter-associated bacteremia. For prevention of intralumenal clot formation it is important to maintain the presence of an anticoagulant at the catheter tip. Thus, ideally, for antibacterial action, the catheter lumen should be filled with bactericidal solution in the external or proximal portion of the lumen (close to the hub), and for prevention of clotting should be filled with anticoagulant solution in the internal or distal part of the lumen (close to the tip). However, for the reasons explained above, the solutions should not mix. Accordingly, a fundamental aspect of the invention is the locking of a catheter by the use of an anticoagulant agent and an antimicrobial agent with a separator therebetween. More specifically, the invention utilizes an air bubble to separate the anticoagulant and antimicrobial agents. Another aspect of the invention is the use of a multi-chamber syringe for injection of the locking material into the catheter. A further aspect of the invention is the use of such a multi-chamber syringe for aspiration of the locking material from the catheter. A still further aspect of the invention is the provision of a unique multi-chamber syringe suitable for these purposes. Certain ones of these and other aspects of the invention may be realized by providing a method of preserving the operative condition of an implanted vascular access catheter having inner and outer ends, between uses of gaining access to the vascular system of the patient, the method comprising: inserting an anticoagulant agent through the catheter outer end to drive any blood in the catheter back into the patient vascular system and to fill an inner portion of the catheter with the anticoagulant agent; then inserting a separating substance into the catheter to fill a central portion of the catheter; and then inserting an antimicrobial agent into the catheter to fill an outer portion of the catheter, whereby the separating substance separates the anticoagulant agent from the antimicrobial agent. Other aspects of the invention maybe realized by providing a syringe comprising an external barrel having an end seal with a discharge opening therein and an internal barrel disposed within the external barrel and having plural separated chambers each having an outlet opening and a plunger, the internal barrel being movable relative to the external barrel among a closed condition wherein the outlet openings are in sealing engagement with the seal and plural injection conditions wherein the outlet openings are respectively disposed in communication with the discharge opening. For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the subject matter sought to be protected, there are illustrated in the accompanying drawings embodiments thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the subject matter sought to be protected, its construction and operation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated. FIG. 1 is a perspective fragmentary view of a catheter implanted in the intravenous system of a patient and locked in accordance with the invention; FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a two-chamber syringe in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 is an enlarged top plan view of the two-chamber syringe of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken generally along the line 4�4 in FIG. 2; FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 2; FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the lower end of FIG. 2; FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 8 is a top plan view similar to FIG. 4 of the embodiment of FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of the syringe of FIG. 8 just above the bottom of the internal barrel; and FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 4, showing an alternative embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a catheter 10 implanted in a vein 11 of a patient, the catheter having a distal or inner end or tip 12 disposed in the vein 11 and a proximal or outer end or hub 13, disposed outside the patient's body. Also illustrated is a two-chamber syringe 20 in accordance with the invention, the details of which will be explained more fully below, which may be used in performing the method of the invention. The hub has a Y-connector 14 adapted for connection to a conduit set of associated apparatus, such as for performing dialysis or the like, in a known manner. When not in use, the catheter 10 is filled with a locking fluid and the Y-connector 14 is then closed off with a suitable closure. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for effecting the catheter lock. The lumen of the catheter 10 has a specific capacity provided by the manufacturer. To fill the entire catheter lumen, a measured volume of fluid will be used. In accordance with the method of the invention, approximately one-half of the lumen capacity will be injected with a solution of an anticoagulant agent 15 driving any blood in the catheter back into the patient's vascular system. Then, a separating substance, such as a small air bubble 16, which may be about 0.1 ml in volume, will be injected, followed by injection of an antimicrobial agent 17, such as a bactericidal solution of calculated volume to fill the remainder of the catheter lumen. Then the catheter is closed. In vitro experiments have shown that two solutions separated by an air bubble do not mix if left in glass tubes and agitated catheters for several weeks. Thus, the air bubble 16 is effective to maintain the presence of the anticoagulant agent 15 at the catheter tip, while maintaining the antimicrobial agent 17 in the outer portion of the catheter lumen, without fear of the two solutions mixing. Prior to the next catheter use, the locking substances are aspirated and the dialysis or infusion is started in a routine manner. In current practice, in case of catheter blockage by a clot, frequently the locking solution cannot be aspirated and is, therefore, injected into the patient. As mentioned above, excessive anticoagulation or other side effects may result from such injection. The injection of bactericidal solution may cause even more severe side effects and, therefore, it is essential to aspirate bactericidal solution from the catheter lumen. In vitro experiments using the method of the invention, show that the bactericidal solution can be readily aspirated in clamped catheters, since the air bubble 16 readily expands at negative pressure. Once the bactericidal solution is aspirated, the external catheter lumen is clamped, a saline-filled syringe is attached and the saline injected and aspirated again. This maneuver may be repeated, as needed, to insure complete removal of the bactericidal solution. Because many bactericidal agents if injected into a patient may have adverse affects, a preferred bactericidal solution may be acidified concentrated saline, specifically 27% NaCl acidified with HCl to a pH of 2.0. To achieve a pH of 2.0, 1 mL of concentrated (37%) HCl may be added to 1 L of concentrated (27%) NaCl, whereby 1 mL of bactericidal solution will contain 270 mg of NaCl and 0.37 mg of HCl. Such an acidified concentrated saline solution would have no adverse effects if injected into a patient. While the locking substances may be injected into the catheter 10 by the use of any desired means, in one form of the invention the injection is effected by the use of a specially-designed multiple-chamber syringe, one such syringe being illustrated in FIGS. 2-6. The use of this syringe permits the locking solutions to be added with only a single connection to the catheter, which significantly decreases the chances of catheter infection. Referring to FIGS. 2-6, there is illustrated the two-chamber syringe 20 which has an external barrel 21 with an elongated cylindrical body 22, provided at one end thereof with a radially outwardly projecting annular flange 23 having four equiangularly spaced notches 23 a formed therein (see FIG. 4). The other end of the body 22 is closed by an end wall 24 which carries a Luer-lock tip 25, which defines a discharge port 26. The inner surface of the end wall 24 is covered with a seal 27 having a discharge opening 28 therethrough communicating with the discharge port 26 (FIG. 6). The syringe 20 also includes an internal barrel 30 having a cylindrical outer wall 31 disposed coaxially within the external barrel 21 and in sealing engagement with the seal 29. The inner end of the cylindrical outer wall 31 is closed by an end wall 32. A diametrical septum 33 extends across the outer wall 31 along its entire length and divides it into two chambers 34 and 34A. Formed in the end wall 32 are two outlet openings 35 and 35A, respectively communicating with the chambers 34 and 34A, and respectively provided with tips 36 and 36A disposed in sealing engagement with the seal 27 (FIG. 6). A peripheral seal 29 is disposed along the outer surface of the lower end of the outer wall 31 and in sealing contact with the body 22 and with the seal 27. The outer wall 31 is slightly longer than the external barrel 21 and projects upwardly therefrom. Integral with the outer wall 31 at its other end and extending radially outwardly therefrom is an annular flange 37 provided with four equiangularly spaced depending clips 38. Each clip 38 has at its lower end a shoe 39 with a radially inwardly projecting tooth 39 a dimensioned and positioned for engagement in a corresponding one of the notches 23 a in the external barrel flange 23, as can best be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5. The notches 23 a and the teeth 39 a may be generally V-shaped in transverse cross section so as to define slopping cam surfaces. The clips 38 have sufficient flexibility and resilience that the teeth 39 a can be cammed out of the notches 23 a to permit rotation of the internal barrel 30 relative to the external barrel 21. The chambers 34 and 34A are respectively provided with plungers 40, 40A, which may be substantially identical in construction. The plungers 40,40A respectively have elongated bodies 41, 41A made up of a plurality of interconnected flange walls 42, 42A. The bodies are respectively provided at their inner ends with gaskets 43, 43A and at their outer ends with handles 44, 44A. The Luer-lock tip 25 is disposed eccentrically of the external barrel end wall 24, and the outlet openings 35 and 35A of the chambers 34, 34A are respectively positioned so that they can be brought into communication with the discharge port 26 by rotation of the internal barrel 30. Before use, the internal barrel 30 is disposed in a closed or �neutral� position wherein neither outlet opening 35, 35A is disposed in communication with the discharge port 26, and both are sealed by the seal 27 and, more specifically, by tiny bulges 27 a of the seal 27 which project upwardly slightly into the tip 36, 36A (see FIG. 6). The chamber 34 is partially filled with a predetermined volume of an anticoagulant agent 15, and a small volume, e.g., 0.1-0.2 ml, of air 16. The chamber 34A is filled with an antimicrobial agent 17, such as a bactericidal solution. The Luer-lock tip 25 is then connected to the catheter 10 in a known manner and the internal barrel is rotated 90� so as to bring the outlet opening of the anticoagulant chamber 34 into alignment with the discharge port 26 and the discharge opening 28. In this position, the teeth 39 a of the clips 38 will again be engaged in the notches 23 a, serving as detents to prevent accidental movement of the internal barrel 30 from the selected position. The anticoagulant agent 15 and the airbubble 16 are then injected into the catheter 10. Then, the internal barrel 30 is rotated 180� to bring the outlet opening of the other chamber 34A into alignment with the discharge port 26, whereupon the bactericidal agent is injected into the catheter 10. The syringe 20 may then be disconnected from the catheter 10, which may then be closed. As was indicated above, the syringe 20 could also be used for aspiration of the locking fluids before the next use of the catheter 10. Thus, for this purpose the syringe 20 would be connected to the catheter 10 as before, then the chamber 34A would be rotated into alignment with the discharge port 26 for aspiration of the bactericidal solution 17, the air bubble 16 simply expanding as the pressure is reduced. Then the internal barrel 30 would be rotated to bring the other chamber 34 into alignment with the discharge port for aspiration of the air bubble 16 and the anticoagulant agent 15, whereupon the internal barrel 30 would be rotated to the closed or neutral position. Referring to FIGS. 7-9, there is illustrated a three-chamber syringe 50 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. The syringe 50 has an external barrel which may be substantially identical to external barrel 21, described above, and an internal barrel 60 disposed coaxially within the external barrel 21. The internal barrel 60 is similar to the internal barrel 30, described above, and like parts bear the same reference numerals. The basic difference is that the internal barrel 60 has a Y-shaped septum 63 which divides the outer wall 31 into three chambers 64, 64A, and 64B, respectively having outlet openings 65, 65A, and 65B. The chambers 64 and 64A are substantially the same size and shape and are much larger than the chamber 64B. The chambers 64,64A, and 64B are respectively provided with similarly-shaped plungers 70, 70A, and 70B, which respectively have bodies made up of interconnected flange walls 72, 72A, and 72B, and respectively provided with gaskets (not shown) at their inner ends and handles 74, 74A, and 74B at their outer ends. The syringe 50 has a neutral position wherein all of the outlet openings 65, 65A, and 65B are sealed, as illustrated in FIG. 9. The chambers 64, 64A, and 64B are, respectively, filled with anticoagulant, bactericidal solution and air, and they are respectively moved into alignment with the outlet port 26 for sequential injection of these locking fluids into the catheter 10. The syringe 50 may also be used for aspiration of the locking fluids from the catheter. Referring to FIG. 10, there is illustrated a portion of an alternative syringe 80 which is similar to the syringe 20, described above, except for the changes described below. The syringe 80 has an external barrel with a flange 81 which corresponds to the flange 23 of the syringe 20, except that it is provided with notches 82 which, instead of being in the form of isosceles triangles, are in the from of right triangles, each having a non-radial cam surface 83 and a substantially radial stop surface 84. The syringe 80 also has an internal barrel similar to the internal barrel 30, except that it is provided with clips 85 respectively having teeth 86 shaped and dimensioned for mating engagement in the notches 82. Thus, each tooth 86 has a cam surface 87 and a stop surface 88. It will be appreciated that the shape of the notches 82 and the teeth 86 will permit rotation of the internal barrel in a clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 10, but will prevent rotation in a counterclockwise direction. With this embodiment, the contents of the chambers of the internal barrel can be arranged so as to be sequentially brought into position for proper sequential injection into the catheter when the internal barrel is rotated clockwise. The arrangement prevents counterclockwise rotation and, thereby, inhibits injection of the locking fluids in an incorrect order. It will be appreciated that a similar arrangement could be used with the three-chamber syringe 50. The matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. While particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the broader aspects of applicant's contribution. The actual scope of the protection sought is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art. Patent Citations
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Peter Lewis is a director of Essential Media Communications (EMC), a public affairs and research company specialising in campaigning for progressive social and political organisations.
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Topics: federal-government, federal-parliament, bishop-julie, abbott-tony
Tony Abbott's pursuit of Julia Gillard over broken promises set the benchmark for his own rule, applying a strait-jacket to each and every commitment he was to make.
While he has attempted to draw a line through a "ragged" week, in reality it has been a ragged year and a bit since the federal election.
"Softening" a few policies is unlikely to improve matters. The public has largely rejected them in principle and want the Senate to block their passage.
Topics: federal-government, budget, abbott-tony
While the semiotics of Tony Abbott's "no cuts" lines are being robustly contested - the government determined not to descend into a "no carbon tax"-style credibility disaster - there's a bigger issue of trust at stake.
We don't trust politicians. We do trust public broadcasters.
So when politicians cut funding to public broadcasters, that can only lead to a net loss of public trust.
Topics: abc, federal-government
As the ink dries on the Australia-China Free Trade Agreement, spruiked as the biggest and best of all, as a nation we are assertively ambivalent about whether it actually is the victory portrayed across the front pages.
We think a deal is good in principle. We're not entirely sure who it's good for, but suspect it's probably not us.
We're even less sure how it stacks up when we look beyond the headline to the trade-offs that make a deal a deal.
Topics: trade, federal-government, business-economics-and-finance, economic-trends, world-politics
When it comes to surveillance of our private lives, most of us are less worried about Big Brother than Big Business.
Topics: security-intelligence, defence-and-national-security, government-and-politics, federal-parliament, internet-technology
Recent developments on the climate change front (both from scientists and politicians) prove the issue is still vexed, but there are signs voters are warming to the scientific view.
Our polling shows a noticeable drop in the number of people who think unusual climate antics are a normal fluctuation unrelated to humans.
As it stands, Australians see a future of more frequent and extreme weather events caused by climate change, with a Direct Action climate policy they're not convinced by.
Topics: government-and-politics, business-economics-and-finance, environmental-policy, climate-change
When Gough Whitlam brought in Medibank he didn't just introduce free health care for the first time - he shifted the whole debate on health.
This could explain some of the heightened angst around the marooned Hockey federal budget, anchored with the $7 Medicare co-payment.
Perhaps this is Gough's greatest legacy: establishing a vision for health that not only endures today but has hands-down won the public debate.
Topics: government-and-politics, business-economics-and-finance, health-policy
While the public has shown Whitlamite support for public assets and services, the former leader's ambitious and outward-looking foreign policy is no longer the flavour de jour.
Topics: federal-government
As advocates for the disadvantaged raise their voice in anti-poverty week, it is heartening to see the rich aren't taking all this talk of wealth redistribution lying down.
But when defenders of Team Rich argue that we shouldn't mind the wealth gap, they would do well to remember that equality remains a deeply held value for Australians.
And the general public clearly sees government having a role in creating a more equal society.
| UpdatedApparently it's easier politically to send Australians into a war zone than to talk frankly to voters about the possibility of raising taxes to pay for the costs of running the country.
Topics: government-and-politics, abbott-tony, budget, defence-and-national-security
| UpdatedListening to the PM wax lyrical at the United Nations about the dangers facing the planet, you would be forgiven for thinking climate change had been airbrushed from the national consciousness.
But while the carbon tax is now history, those extremist climate scientists continue to preach their warnings of Armageddon.
Now, as the Abbott Government turns its sights on the mandated Renewable Energy Target, there's a plaintiff cry from the voting public - climate change is still a concern, and indeed, it's a growing one.
Topics: climate-change, business-economics-and-finance, environmental-policy, federal-government
As Canberra goes into lockdown over terrorism threats, voters remain deeply suspicious of our major political parties and their motivations.
In this context the winding back of civil liberties becomes a hard sell: we are not only dubious about the messenger, we are not disposed to giving them more powers.
In many ways the politicians are reaping what they have sown by spending so long down in the muck.
Topics: government-and-politics, terrorism, defence-and-national-security
On every indicator apart from international relations, the Coalition is in net negative territory.
Even on traditional brand strengths like managing the economy and supporting Australian business, the Coalition is floundering - and the position has declined markedly over the past six months.
Rethinking the offshoring of our defence manufacturing capability and approaching it as more than a simple Dutch auction could be a defining first step in re-engaging a cynical public.


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Book your room at Comfort Suites - New Braunfels
Suite, 1 King Bed, Non Smoking
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofabed, Non Smoking
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)Suite Two Queen Beds Non Smoking Sofa Bed
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 2 infants)Motel in New Braunfels with free breakfast and outdoor pool
Situated in New Braunfels, this motel is within 3 mi (5 km) of New Braunfels MarketPlace, Gruene Hall, and Schlitterbahn Waterpark. Christus Santa Rosa Hospital New Braunfels is 3 mi (4.8 km) away.
Property Features
An outdoor pool, a fitness center, and a spa tub are available at this smoke-free motel. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include a 24-hour business center, coffee/tea in the lobby, and a meeting room.
Room Amenities
All 62 rooms offer conveniences like sofa beds and sitting areas, along with free WiFi, free wired Internet, and cable TV. Other amenities available to guests include refrigerators, microwaves, and coffee makers.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an outdoor pool, Comfort Suites - New Braunfels provides a spa tub and a fitness center. High-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary. Business-related amenities consist of a 24-hour business center and a meeting room. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Event facilities measure 725 square feet (67 square meters). This New Braunfels motel also offers multilingual staff, coffee/tea in the lobby, and complimentary newspapers in the lobby. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Comfort Suites - New Braunfels is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour business center
- Outdoor pool
- Spa tub
- Free breakfast
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Fitness facilities
- Total number of rooms - 62
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Multilingual staff
- 24-hour front desk
- Express check-out
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Television in lobby
- Number of floors - 2
- Conference space size (feet) - 725
- Conference space size (meters) - 67
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- One meeting room
- Smoke-free property
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- Separate sitting area
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Cable TV service
- Sofa bed
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
Where to Eat
A complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast is served between 6 AM and 9 AM.
Nearby Things to Do
An outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a fitness center.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible parking
- Roll-in shower
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is 11 AM
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No elevators
We should mention
Construction is underway at a neighboring building and there may be noise disturbance from the construction work.


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The suit accuses two Portland police officers -- officers Doris Paisley and Jeffrey McDaniel -- of using excessive force against Liz Nichols, who was arrested on Nov. 17 outside Chase Bank on the corner of Southwest Yamhill and Sixth Avenue. The suit says that Paisley pushed her baton against Nichols' throat and shoved her backward, stopping Nichols' breathing. When Nichols shouted back, the suit says, McDaniel gave her a face-full of pepper spray.
The suit, announced by Nichols' attorney Kenneth Kreuscher, also accuses the city of Portland of adopting an unconstitutional policy of using pepper spray as a means of crowd control during demonstrations of what it categorized as peaceful protesters.McDaniel sprayed several people during the anti-bank protests but the blast against Nichols was captured in a photograph by The Oregonian's Randy L. Rasmussen. The photograph was included in the New York Times Pictures of the Year in 2011 and earned first place for breaking news in the National Headliners awards.
Kreuscher, who announced the suit, said in a news release he will file it Friday in Multnomah County Courthouse. The two will also hold a news conference at 10 a.m. The suit will mark the latest action in the long-running litigation. Nichols' currently faces what amounts to a traffic violation in a trial scheduled for Oct. 8.
-- Lynne Terry


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What mass of Al can be deposited by the passage of a constant current of 5.00 A through a Al(NO3)2 solution of 2.00 hours? My work: Q= I*t = 5 * 7200sec = 36000 36000/96458= .3732 .3732* 1/3 * (26.98*3) = 10.06g But this is wrong it's suppose to be 3.3.6g. why is that?
August 9, 2009
thanx alot =)
March 16, 2009
Consider a system consisting of a cylinder with a movable piston containing 10^6 gas molecules at 298K at a volume of 1L. Consider the following descriptions of this system: 1. Initial system 2. Starting from the initial system, the volume of the container is changed to 2L and...
March 16, 2009
thanx a tons =)
March 2, 2009
chem help
ok thanks alot... the PartB asks for: What is the percent ionization of ammonia at this concentration?
February 28, 2009
chem help
sorry the 2nd question is the right one
February 28, 2009
chem help
Ammonia,is a weak base with a Kb value of 1.8x10^-5 .What is the pH of a 0.22M ammonia solution?
February 28, 2009
chem help
Ammonia,is a weak base with a Ka value of 1.8x10^-5 .What is the pH of a 0.22M ammonia solution?
February 28, 2009
chem help
You need to produce a buffer solution that has a pH of 5.08. You already have a solution that contains 10 mmol (millimoles) of acetic acid. How many millimoles of acetate (the conjugate base of acetic acid) will you need to add to this solution? The of acetic acid is 4.74.
February 28, 2009
I DONT GET WHATS DONE.. DR.Bob22 - could u please explain this again..thank u
February 17, 2009
so wat do i do?
December 17, 2008
complete and balance the following decompition equations CaCO (heated) --> 3 please tell me how to do this and what exactly is suppose to be going through my head while doing this. I can balance these equations with no problem I just have no idea what to do...
December 17, 2008
How many atoms are there in 6.90 moles of sulfur (S)? Calculate the molar mass of a compound if 0.411 mole of it has a mass of 185 g. Know of any good sites that help answer these ? Or information on how to?
September 15, 2008
E is NOT NOT NOT THE ANSWER!!!!
August 15, 2008
Does the element sodium have properties in common with NaCl? Explain
February 11, 2008
Which of the following subshells is correctly designated? a. 1f5 b. 3s3 c. 6f12 d. 4d11 e. 1p2
December 7, 2007
Which of the following subshells is correctly designated? a. 1f5 b. 3s3 c. 6f12 d. 4d11 e. 1p2
December 7, 2007
N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3 At 25°C (delta)Ho = -92.22 kJ and (delta)So = -198.53 J/K. Using this information, calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 2.43x10^2°C. (R = 8.314 J/K) Apparently the way I'm doing it is wrong: I divide 198.53 by ...
November 17, 2007
calculate the pOH of 3X106-6M of HF
September 7, 2007
calculate the pH of 0.0076M KOH
September 7, 2007
Calculate the heat of reaction for the incomplete combustion of 67.0g propane producing carbon monoxide gas and water vapour. how would I go about and do this question? What are you studying? Do you know how to use the thermodynamic tables (delta Ho, etc). delta Hrxn = delta ...
May 14, 2007
whats relationship between temp and kinetic energy http://www.google.com/search?as_q=temperature+kinetic+energy+&hl=en&num=10&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&lr=&as_ft=i&as_filetype=&as_qdr=all&as_nlo=&as_nhi=&as_occt=title&as_dt=i&as_sitesearch=&as_rights=&safe=images
March 7, 2007


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Rachel and Andrea had been best friends forever. When Andrea used to go over to Rachel's house, she used to lust after her older brother Gregory. 5 years older, she knew he would never as her out since she was still in high school. Five years later, she now works for a non-profit, and goes twice a month to get massaged at Rachel's Spa. But this time, she finds out she has a new massuse...her brother Gregory! The massage starts out professional, but when Andrea feels his hardon against her head, as he leans over to massage her, she finds out the feelings she had for him are mutual... |
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text:
Nina Luela Over the Knee Boot
Sorry, this item is sold out!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Looks like you've got more shoe shopping to do - have fun!
Item # 249453
Add some sass to your look with the Nina Luela! This stylish over the knee boot is sure to turn heads!
- Faux suede upper with beading detail at trim
- 19" shaft height, inside partial zipper
- 15" leg opening
- 4¼" stiletto heel
- Synthetic sole
- Imported
December 07, 2012
"Not too crazy about these when I got them. Wish the zipper went all the way up, and was so excited that it goes over the knee, but with leggings on, it was a little tight getting them above the knee. The jewels on them aren't what I expected, think they do look a little cheap, might take them back since only tried on in the house."
November 06, 2012
Adore Them!!
"I fell in love with these shoes online and had to buy them. I have yet had the chance to wear them out but they fit great and I love them!!"
October 24, 2012
"These boots are fantastic. I wore them out the other night and I got a ton of compliments, from men and women."
Click anywhere to close this.


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if you are looking for a room at the last minute, we do offer special room rates for people booking within 24 hours of their stay. To find out the best rate please call us:Georgian House Newsletter!
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Cost effective, simple accommodation. Ideal if you are starting your own business or trying to keep the budget down.
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Barnett Newman
American (New York City, New York, 1905 - 1970, New York City, New York)Lippincott, Inc., Fabrication
(Established New Haven, Connecticut, 1966 - 1994)Zim Zum I
weathering steel
Not on view at this time; find out where you can see works from our collection at locations around the Bay Area while our building is closed for expansion
96 in. x 78 in. x 180 in. (243.84 cm x 198.12 cm x 457.2 cm)
Acquired 1998
Collection SFMOMA
Purchase through a gift of Phyllis C. Wattis
© Barnett Newman Foundation / Artists Right Society (ARS), New York


text:
Hosting and bandwidth provided by MacAce.net.
Identifiers: 4th Gen Late 2012 - MD779LL/A* - A1373 - 2400*
All iPod Models | All 2012 iPod Models | Dynamically Compare This iPod to Others
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| Download: PDF Manual
The iPod shuffle 4th Generation (2012 Edition) models are identical to the previous iPod shuffle 4th Generation models, except for color options and operating system support.
Like its predecessor, it has both "clickable ring buttons" for navigation as well as a "VoiceOver" button on top. The VoiceOver functionality reads the name of songs, artists and playlists as well as "Genius Mixes" out loud.
The housing originally was available in eight colors -- dark gray "slate" and silver (which both have a black "control ring") as well as purple, pink, yellow, green, blue, and red, which have white control rings. However, on September 10, 2013, Apple swapped the "slate" color for a gunmetal "space gray," which also has a black "control ring" like its predecessor.
Regardless of color, all models have 2 GB of internal storage capable of holding approximately 500 songs. Apple estimates "up to" 15 hours of battery life.
Also see:
Click on the underlined category text for related details. The most commonly needed info is "open" by default, but all info is important.
Introduction Date: | September 12, 2012* | Discontinued Date: | N/A |
Details: | The "Introduction Date" refers to the date a model was introduced via press release. The "Discontinued Date" refers to the date a model either was replaced by a subsequent system or production otherwise ended. *On September 10, 2013, Apple discontinued the dark gray "slate" color option and replaced it with a gunmetal "space gray" color. Also see: All iPod models introduced in 2012. |
Processor Type: | Samsung ARM* | Processor Speed: | N/A |
Details: | *Apple provides no information on the processor used in the iPod shuffle 4th Generation models, but it uses an Apple branded processor, believed to be a Samsung ARM. |
Onboard RAM: | N/A | Storage Capacity: | 2 GB |
Details: | N/A |
Song Capacity: | 500* | Photo Capacity: | None |
Details: | *The iPod shuffle (4th Generation) can hold up to 500 songs "based on 4 minutes per song and 128-Kbps AAC encoding." These models lack a display and consequently do not support photo slideshows or video playback. |
USB Support: | Sync & Charge | Firewire Support: | None |
Details: | The fourth generation iPod shuffle models are capable of charging and syncing by USB using the provided cable. Firewire "400" is not supported. |
Connectivity: | USB | Ports: | Stereo Minijack* |
Details: | The iPod shuffle (4th Generation) models have a single 3.5-mm stereo headphone jack for both "audio and USB charging." |
Case Type: | Handheld | Form Factor: | iPod shuffle 4th Gen |
Details: | N/A |
Housing Color: | Colors* | Controller: | Button/VoiceOver** |
Details: | *The 2012 version of the iPod shuffle 4th Generation models are offered in dark gray "slate" and silver, both of which have a black "control ring," as well as purple, pink, yellow, green, blue and red, which have white control rings. On September 10, 2013, Apple discontinued the dark gray "slate" color option and replaced it with a gunmetal "space gray" color. **For navigation, these models have a "ring button" (play, volume up, volume down, next and back) as well as a spoken response dubbed "VoiceOver" where the iPod "speaks" the names of songs, artists, playlists and more. |
Built-in Display: | None | Display Resolution: | N/A |
Details: | The iPod shuffle (4th Generation) models do not have an integrated display. |
Battery Type: | Lithium Ion | Battery Life (Music): | 15 Hours |
Details: | Apple reports that the iPod shuffle (4th Generation) models provide "up to" 15 hours of music playback. Site sponsor Other World Computing has replacement batteries that are higher capacity than the stock models as well as cases, headphones, speakers, and other accessories. |
Battery Life (Photos): | N/A | Battery Life (Video): | N/A |
Details: | The iPod shuffle (4th Generation) models lack a display and consequently do not support photo slideshows or video playback. |
Full-Charge Time: | "About 3 Hours" | Apple Order No: | MD779LL/A* |
Details: | *MD779LL/A is for the dark gray "slate" configuration with a black "control ring". The silver configuration as well as the gunmetal "space gray" configuration -- which replaced the slate option on September 10, 2013 -- also have a black "control ring" and are order numbers MD778LL/A and ME949LL/A, respectively. All other configurations have a white control ring and a colored housing -- purple is MD777LL/A, pink is MD773LL/A, yellow is MD774LL/A, green is MD776LL/A, blue is MD775LL/A, and (PRODUCT) RED is MD780LL/A. All configurations have 2 GB of storage regardless of color. |
Apple Subfamily: | 4th Gen Late 2012 | Apple Model No: | A1373 (EMC 2400*) |
Details: | Please note that these identifiers refer to more than one model. Also see: All iPods with the A1373 Model Number and the 2400* EMC Number. |
Dimensions: | 1.14 x 1.24 x 0.34 | Avg. Weight: | 0.44 ounce |
Details: | In inches - height by width by depth (including clip) -- 29.0 mm x 31.6 mm x 8.7 mm, 12.5 grams. Apple also notes that its "true volume" is 0.35 cubic inches (5668 cubic mm), including the clip. |
Mac Support: | Mac OS X 10.6.8 | Windows Support: | Windows XP SP3/Vista |
Details: | Apple reports that this iPod is compatible with a "Mac computer with a USB 2.0 port, OS X 10.6.8 or later, and iTunes 10.7 or later." It is compatible with a "PC with a USB 2.0 port, Windows 7, Vista or XP Home or Professional (SP3) or later, and iTunes 10.7 or later." |
Audio Support: | Apple reports that the iPod shuffle 4th Generation models support "AAC (8 to 320 Kbps), Protected AAC (from iTunes Store), MP3 (8 to 320 Kbps), MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 2, 3, 4, Audible Enhanced Audio, AAX, and AAX+), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAV." |
Photo Support: | None |
Video Support: | None |
Incl. Accessories: | Shipped with "Apple Earphones and and iPod shuffle USB cable (45 mm)." |
Original Price: | US$49 | Est. Current Retail: | US$49 |
Details: | To purchase an iPod shuffle, free of sales tax, please visit site sponsor PowerMax. Photo Credit: Apple, Inc. |
Global original prices for the iPod shuffle 4th Gen (Late 2012) in 24 different countries and territories follow; organized alphabetically by region.
For global original prices for all iPod, iPhone, and iPad models in one particular country on a single page, please refer to Everyi.com's Global Original Prices section.
If you have additional original prices for this iPod, please share. Thank you.
Original Prices - North America
Canada: | C$49 | United States: | US$49 |
Original Prices - Europe
Austria: | €55 | Belgium: | €49 |
Denmark: | DKK 389 | Finland: | €65 |
France: | €59 | Germany: | €49 |
Ireland: | €49 | Italy: | €55 |
Netherlands: | €49 | Norway: | NOK 399 |
Portugal: | €49 | Spain: | €49 |
Sweden: | SEK 449 | Switzerland: | CHF 59 |
United Kingdom: | £40 |
Original Prices - Asia
China: | RMB 368 | Hong Kong: | HK$388 |
Japan: | ¥4,200 | Singapore: | S$68 |
Taiwan: | NT$1,790 |
Original Prices - Australia & New Zealand
Australia: | A$55 | New Zealand: | NZ$69 |
Ten of the most popular Q&As about the iPod line follow.
Permalink | E-mail a Friend | Bookmark & Share | Report an Error/Typo
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EveryMac.com and EveryiPod.com are provided "as is" without warranty of any kind whatsoever. EveryMac.com, EveryiPod.com, and the author thereof, shall not be held responsible or liable, under any circumstances, for any damages resulting from the use or inability to use the information within. For complete disclaimer and copyright information please read and understand the Terms of Use and the Privacy Policy before using either website. Use of any content or images without expressed permission is not allowed, although links to any page are welcomed and appreciated.
Brock Kyle - EveryiPod.com - Kyle Media LLC - Advertising Info - All Rights Reserved - Copyright © 2001


text:
Blogs home How many Artists love Baldwin City? I do.
I feel Fall in the Air
Gonna take my water colors over and see what i come up with.
AncientBaldwin 5 years, 8 months ago
What a coinkidink. I just received some custom oils from my paintmaker in Brooklyn, Robert Doak. I have my French Easel, brushes, glazes, turps and canvas ready to go on my powerchair to find a good scene for a Plein Art piece. I am glad and heartened that Baldwin has within its bounds a batch of truly creative people.
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I think the last few weeks have been marked by one clear thought though: It's just going to be me. I've been alone a long time now, but I've never really realized how fully autonomous that makes me. There's always been a sense of another, even when I've felt isolated. At times it was a wish or hope. At others a memory. And sometimes a more vaguer conjuration.
Of course, there are others; family and friends, many loved ones. I don't mean to let you think that I'm so desperately isolated or lonely. But what I do next, where I go, the decisions I make, the holidays I take, the work I do, the writing I do... I have to stop doing it with the idea of another who doesn't exist. More... I need to stop not doing it because I'm waiting for somebody to bear witness to it.
And I know many people will think I'm talking about romance here. I'm not. Sometimes it's a parental figure, sometimes it's that childhood idea of being looked down on from a vantage up on high. Even at my most bolshie I've thought about what anonymous others think, if I become more loveable or admirable in the eyes of others because I make certain decisions and not others.
This is hard to admit, because I put on such a front of defiance of most expectations: I'm sensitive to what people think. It's likely why I react so strongly to be "shoulded" in comments, to readers who express parental ideas towards me, even though they're not possibly equipped to make such judgement. And so this idea that it's just me isn't as lonely as it sounds. It's liberating. Because the idea of another I was carrying was something felt strangely beholden to.
There's no Team Jane, there's only Jane. I don't think I've ever really embraced that.
I hope you have a lovely (Thanksgiving!) weekend.
24 comments:
I could have written this post, it's so me! Especially when you write "I'm sensitive to what people think".
I really like reading your blog.
Greetings from Italy. Ciao!
Francesca- AnonymousOctober 5, 2012 at 9:39 AM
In Barbara Kingsolver's "Animal Dreams" there is a part where she talks about being a hero in your own story. This is what your post made me think of. The difficulties and responsibilities that come with trying to do this.
Gabi Jane!
I have been struggling recently too. I don't know how it feels to act without anticipation of acknowledgement from another. I am almost always motivated by this feeling even if such a person doesn't exist. I don't know how it looks or feels to live and do just for me. It troubles me often.
Thank you as always for your writing and insight. You're a special lady!
Samantha"Moments of clarity followed by moments of fog, hopefulness followed by helplessness."
I think we had a very similar week.
Your posts always give me something to think about, but I'll be ruminating about this one in particular.
Have a good long weekend!
-Michelle xMy friend from another coast and I concluded the same thing today: to team X.. it's a head scratcher, but it just seems right, for what ever it is..part of my development to build an identity...my path. I see lots more ahead, each day. my best to you.
ReplyDeleteI have never had this feeling you describe, Jane, but I often think about it, and boy--what I would do with it!!
Not to say I'm not happy being married, I hasten to add, but I do think about what it would be like if it was only me, and sometimes what I imagine is excitement.RepliesIt's easy to romanticize the one or the other. The truth is both have their highs and lows. For single people, the up-side is rarely expressed, dominated as our blogworld conversation is by all-things related to the traditional family structure (weddings and babies, weddings and babies).
But I hasten to add, I wasn't only talking about marriage and partnership in this post.
Have a good weekend, Steph!You're right, you weren't. Which makes your post all the more exciting! And my reaction interesting to me and something more to think about.
Enjoy the rest of the weekend, Jane!
Jane, I've come back to this post many times since Friday.
I keep telling myself that not every happy ending has two people in it. (Yes, when I say that, I'm thinking of a romantic partner but I know you're speaking more broadly in this post.)
It is liberating to embrace the philosophy of the team of one, I agree. Sometimes I am conscious of that, but not at others.RepliesI know exactly what you mean. I do battle with this all the time, sometimes embracing it, sometimes feeling like things will never be "complete" without another (and, I am talking about a romantic partner here).
And even when it's not romantic, that sense of doing things to be seen by others, to be loved and approved of. Maybe it's the only way. But maybe that projected voice is too judgemental and limiting at times. I sometimes find it hard to do what I want because I think too much about what others will think.
I don't think this is a realization that I'll ever rest comfortably in for long. This team of one will sometimes feel lonely and hopeless, at other times liberating. I think that's the thing to embrace... the mutability of it. And I think that's the same for any size of team...I'm not a self-helpy person by far, nor a reader of self-help books, but I recently saw a couple of TED talks by Brene Brown on vulnerability and, well, basically worrying about what others might think. They made me pick up her book The Gifts of Imperfection, which I found helpful. Daring Greatly is another I'm going to read by her. This may not be exactly the same as what you're referring to, but I too want that freedom to act--and blog--as me, without worrying about the response.
This is a really inspiring post. I'm married, I have kids, I'm definitely not a team of one, and yet... I feel like there are big lessons here for me. There are definitely 'anonymous others' that I think about when I act too and I would dearly love to be able to let go of them. Thank you for sharing your thoughts on this, it's a big brave post to write.
ReplyDelete- AnonymousOctober 10, 2012 at 4:43 PM
Yet another beautiful post, echoing exactly what I've been feeling these past few days. Mostly I feel stoical, with occasional flashes of exhileration. I think your post will make those flashes last longer. Thank you!
(Margaret from Glasgow who e-mails you occasionally)
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text: Erin Andrews Has A Sister Who Also Will Not Date You Rick Chandler and 58 othersEditDelete InviteInvite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for deadspinHide OK, let's get this out of the way and then move on; Erin Andrews has a sister. And we know about her because of Dan Patrick. » 1/12/09 5:45pm 1/12/09 5:45pm


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Piriformis Syndrome
Piriformis syndrome is caused by a compression of the sciatic nerve and tightening of the piriformis muscle, which lies deep behind the gluteals and is responsible for the external rotation of the hip joint. When the muscle becomes too tight, it can impinge on the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve in the body, which supplies the lower extremities with motor and sensory function. The resulting pain often radiates from the buttocks, down the thigh, and up into the spine. This is what makes it tricky to diagnose: Piriformis syndrome is often confused for a herniated disc, sciatica, or another back issue. Sufferers don't always feel discomfort while running, but they usually find sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting painful.
Recent Articles
Training Tip - Piriformis StretchSee how a simple tennis ball can offer a world of relief. | Can I Still Run with Piriformis Pain?Manual therapy and strengthening is the best solution to piriformis pain. |
Ask the Doctor: How Long Will It Take to Resume Regular Training After an Injury?By focusing on rehab first to strengthen the injured area, speed and distance will naturally follow. | How Long Does it Take to Recover from Piriformis Pain?The cure to piriformis pain is finding the culprit. |
Kick The Pain In Your ButtDr. Metzl tells you how to recognize and treat two different butt injuries. | |
The End GamePiriformis syndrome is a frustrating condition that's literally a pain in the butt for runners. Here's how to prevent it. | Prevent Postrun Butt PainPain in the butt? Use these yoga moves to prevent pain from piriformis syndrome. |
Get Over It: Piriformis PainStretching and strengthening - plus sitting less - can bring relief. | |


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Development of optical hyperlens for imaging below the diffraction limit
Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 24, pp. 15886-15891 (2007)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (928 KB)
We report here the design, fabrication and characterization of optical hyperlens that can image sub-diffraction-limited objects in the far field. The hyperlens is based on an artificial anisotropic metamaterial with carefully designed hyperbolic dispersion. We successfully designed and fabricated such a metamaterial hyperlens composed of curved silver/alumina multilayers. Experimental results demonstrate far-field imaging with resolution down to 125nm at 365nm working wavelength which is below the diffraction limit.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(110.0180) Imaging systems : Microscopy
(220.4241) Optical design and fabrication : Nanostructure fabrication
ToC Category:
Original Manuscript: August 22, 2007
Revised Manuscript: October 8, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: October 8, 2007
Published: November 15, 2007
Hyesog Lee, Zhaowei Liu, Yi Xiong, Cheng Sun, and Xiang Zhang, "Development of optical hyperlens for imaging below the diffraction limit," Opt. Express 15, 15886-15891 (2007)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- E. Abbe, Beiträge zur Theorie des Mikroskops und der Mikroskop ischen Wahrnehmung, Arch. Mikroskop. Anat. 9, 413-418 (1873)
- E. Betzig, J. K. Trautman, T. D. Harris, J. S. Weiner and R. L. Kostelak, "Breaking the diffraction barrier - optical microscopy on a nanometric scale," Science 251, 1468-1470 (1991) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. W. Hell, "Toward Fluorescence nanoscopy," Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 1347-1355 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. G. L. Gustafsson, "Nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy: Wide-field fluorescence imaging with theoretically unlimited resolution," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102, 13081-13086 (2005) [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, "Negative refraction makes a perfect lens," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966-3969 (2000) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Fang, H. Lee, C. Sun and X. Zhang, "Sub-Diffraction-Limited Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens" Science 308, 534-537 (2005) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Lee, Y. Xiong, N. Fang, W. Srituravanich, S. Durant, M. Ambati, C. Sun and X. Zhang, "Realization of optical superlens imaging below the diffraction limit," New J. Phys. 7, 255 (2005) [CrossRef]
- D. Melville, R. Blaikie, "Super-resolution imaging through a planar silver layer," Opt. Express. 13, 2127-2134 (2005) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Taubner, D. Korobkin, Y. Urzhumov, G. Shvets, R. Hillenbrand, "Near-Field microscopy Through a SiC Superlens," Science 313, 1595 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Podolskiy, E. E. Narimanov, "Near-sighted superlens," Opt. Lett. 30, 75-77 (2005) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Durant, Z. Liu, J. Steele, X. Zhang, "Theory of the transmission properties of an optical far-field superlens for imaging beyond the diffraction limit," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 23, 2383-2392 (2006) [CrossRef]
- Z. Liu, S. Durant, H. Lee, Y. Pikus, N. Fang, Y. Xiong, C. Sun and X. Zhang, "Far-Field Optical Superlens," Nano Lett. 7, 403-408 (2007) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Liu, S. Durant, H. Lee, Y. Pikus, Y. Xiong, C. Sun and X. Zhang, "Experimental studies of far-field superlens for sub-diffractional optical imaging," Opt. Express 15, 6947-6954 (2007) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xiong, Z. Liu, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, "Two-dimensional imaging by far-field superlens at visible wavelengths," Nano Lett. (Web Release Date: 05-Oct-2007) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. B. Pendry and S. A. Ramakrishna, "Near-field lenses in two dimensions," J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14, 8463-8479 (2002) [CrossRef]
- J. B. Pendry, "Perfect Cylindrical lenses," Opt. Express 11, 755-760 (2003) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Z. Jacob, L. V. Alekseyev and E. Narimanov, "Optical hyperlens: Far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit," Opt. Express 14, 8247-8256 (2006) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Salandrino and N. Engheta, "Far-field subdiffraction optical microscopy using metamaterial crystals: Theory and simulations," Phy. Rev. B 74, 075103 (2006) [CrossRef]
- Z. Liu, H. Lee, Y. Xiong, C. Sun and X. Zhang, "Far-Field Optical Hyperlens Magnifying Sub-Diffraction-Limited Objects," Science 315, 1686 (2007) [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- VA Podolskiy and EE Narimanov "Strongly anisotropic waveguide as a nonmagnetic left-handed system," Phys. Rev. B 71, 201101 (2005) [CrossRef]
- VA Podolskiy, L Alekseyev and EE Narimanov, "Strongly anisotropic media: the THz perspectives of left-handed materials," J. Mod. Opt. 52, 2343 (2005) [CrossRef]
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For years Jose's family struggled to survive. Jose and his older siblings often went to bed hungry. But a group of Christians at Smirna Church in Coatepec, Mexico helped changed that.
By: Brandy Campbell, with Gersom Paredes in Mexico | Posted: April 01, 2008
Jose has risen to the top of his class at school, and learning about computers is one of his favorite activities.
Jose's family was lured to Coatepec, Mexico, by the rich smell of coffee and the promise of jobs. But it took only a few weeks for his parents to realize that there were hundreds of jobs for thousands of workers. His father, already retired from the post office, was too old for the back-breaking work of the coffee plantations.
For years Jose's family struggled to survive. Occasionally his mother would find an odd job, but his father often spent the few pesos she made on alcohol. There was never much money for food or clothes. Like most families in Coatepec, Jose and his older brothers and sisters often were malnourished and went to bed hungry.
But when Jose was an infant, a neighbor invited the family to visit Smirna Church. His father flat-out refused. But his mother clung to the kindness that the church offered. She began bringing Jose and his siblings with her to church, and Christians quietly ministered to their needs.
Even though the members of the church were equally poor, they shared what little bits of food and support they could. Eventually even the hardened heart of Jose's father began to soften. By the time Jose celebrated his first birthday, his parents had celebrated a spiritual rebirth of their own.
But even after Jose's parents accepted Christ, they still had to battle poverty. His father's small pension didn't stretch far enough. They prayed God would provide for their needs. They also prayed that Jose would be among the 50 percent of children in their community to graduate from high school. Though uneducated themselves, Jose's parents understood that an education would open doors for their son to one day find a job and provide for his own family.
God answered their prayers when Jose was 9 and he was registered at the Amigos Child Development Center (ME-769) run by Smirna Church. Jose's sponsorship covered the cost of his school fees as well as the books and supplies he needed.
At the Compassion-assisted center, Jose receives tutoring and takes computer classes, which have helped propel him to the top of his class at school. And now, where Jose once spent his afternoons playing soccer in the crowded streets of Coatepec, he reads about and studies plants, nurturing his dreams of becoming a biologist.
Jose's parents, who once prayed their son would graduate from high school, now dare to dream of college for him. Jose may have been born into a life of spiritual and physical poverty, but through the faith of his parents, the support of his sponsor, and the ministry of his church, his life is filled with riches education, salvation and a future of hope.
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"I would like my baby to study and to dedicate her life to God."
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Analyst Says There is No Sign of a Redesigned iPhone 5
Analyst Ming-Chi Kuo has seen no evidence of the rumored redesigned 'iPhone 5' in the supply chain, reports MacRumors.
Instead, his sources point to the "N94" iPhone that has been popularly referred to as the "iPhone 4S" as the sole new iPhone model set to ship, with Apple planning for 30 million units through the end of the year. Apple is also planning production of an additional 5 million units of the existing iPhone 4 and iPhone 3GS models as it transitions to the new model.
Kuo also reveals that Apple is expected to provide assemblers with the Gold Master of iOS 5 during the last week in September. This falls in line with the rumored release date during October.
Finally Kuo expects a revised iPod touch to see few changes other than being available in white.
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Spectral statistics in damped systems: Diffuse field decay curvature for materials characterization


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Saturday, March 24, 2007
Freedom of Association and Hypocrisy
Most of the Christians I know follow the notion of love the sinner hate the sin. The reality is that there are minimal rules of behaior in most religions and in society as well. Our country is governed by Civil and not religious law. Yet the notion of if a house of worship as a private organization has the right to determine who its members are is a matter of a different sort. A church does have the right to determine who is a member. One can choose another Church with a less restricive view of scripture.
The Duck sees nothing wrog with freedom of association when a Communist school takes the unprecedented step of interviewing parents. The Duck sees nothing sinister about placing prospective parents through a litmus test. The fact that the religious schools he scoffs at are less elitist has gone over the Ducks head. A religious school like a college interviews people based on ability. The students ability is the sole critera for admission.
People like the Duck tend to ignore communist elitism . The admission process at the notorious Elizabeth Irwin School of treason resembles an elite prep school more than a Yeshiva. Religious school do not need empty words about the working class because most of their students are from the working class.
Beamish in 08
6 comments:
- Farmer John said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- beakerkin said...
Herb Aptheker adopted Davis so it is safe to assume he paid the bill.
The question was if the noted Communist got a legacy discount.
Moreover Aptheker's daughters end up getting questionable jobs in academia based upon suspect credentials. The Duck seems to Deny a Commie Odessa network exists. However Commuinist cronies
seem to land jobs despite suspect credentials and a lengthy criminal past - 5:15:00 PM
Ducky would champion a leftist school interviewing parents just to make sure they're safe because they can't allow a difference in thinking. Can't mess up feelings with pesky facts. Imagine if a Conservative somehow snuck in and befuddled them with facts?
DU doesn't allow Conservative comments, FPM does.
You allow both. FOX TV always has two sided panels on every single subject, CNN rarely does. typical. Who's surprised? - 6:25:00 PM
- Farmer John said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- kuhnkat said...
Just to make sure things are clear, a Christian based church will NOT exclude gays except in positions of LEADERSHIP and EXAMPLE to prevent the children from being mislead!!
- kuhnkat said...
Oh yeah,
Ducktard should sell his video equipment, vehicles (of any), gold, house... and send it to these poor benighted middle easterners!!!


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Emory University, Atlanta GA November 3-5, 2011
This is why we stay with poetry. And despite our consenting to all the indisputable technologies; despite seeing the political leap that must be managed..., the full load of knowledge to be tamed..., at the bow there is still something we now share: this murmur, cloud or rain or peaceful smoke. ģWe cry our cry of poetry. Our boats are open, and we sail them for everyone. ¢ ╔douard Glissant
Recent debates in Comparative Literary studies have brought the very idea and practice of comparison under scrutiny. What are the limits and possibilities of comparison in a time marked by an ongoing process of globalization? What is the status of ōworld literatureö as a category of analysis? What are the epistemological, political, and ethical stakes in doing work across disciplinary, linguistic, and geo-political boundaries?
This conference seeks to contribute to this ongoing discussion by taking the Caribbean as its point of departure. As a region marked by linguistic, historical, and geographical differences and as a site of displaced origins and rhizomatic identifications, the Caribbean not only necessitates comparatist perspectives, but may also help us reconfigure how comparison is thought and practiced.
We invite work that cuts across linguistic and disciplinary boundaries, bringing Caribbean art, literature, and culture into challenging dialogues with other traditions in order to map new trajectories for further comparative engagement. We are particularly interested in highlighting work that does not subsume Caribbean cultural and literary production under the umbrella of ōarea studies,ö but instead draws on Caribbean aesthetic and philosophical traditions in an effort to rethink some of the theoretical and methodological axioms that underlie contemporary comparative studies.
Keynote Speakers:
Professor Guillermina De Ferrari (Spanish and Portuguese, University of Wisconsin, Madison) Professor Natalie Melas (Comparative Literature, Cornell University) Professor Mara Negr¾n (Comparative Literature and Gender Studies, University of Puerto Rico) Professor Rubķn RĒos ┴vila (Comparative Literature and Hispanic Studies, University of Puerto Rico)
Possible areas of inquiry:
ĢThe Caribbean and Post-Structuralism ĢCaribbean Perspectives on Theories of Trauma and Memory ĢComparative Post-Colonialities ĢPlantation Traces: The Caribbean and the American South ĢTheories and Poetics of Relation, Creolization, and Hybridity ĢComparative Approaches to Migratory Movements and the Caribbean Diaspora ĢEco-Criticism and Planetary Archipelagos: Remapping Geographies ĢA Post-Revolutionary Caribbean? Liberation and Alternative Philosophies of History ĢArtistic and Performative Engagements with the Caribbean ĢCaribbean Vulnerabilities ĢCaribbean Queer Mappings ĢPiracy, the Law, and the State: Revisiting Sovereignty, Empire, and Capital
Please send your abstracts of 300-500 words with a short bio to email@example.com by September 1, 2011. Letters of acceptance will be sent no later than September 7, 2011. We invite submissions from senior and junior faculty, graduate students, and from independent scholars.
Join us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/profile.php?id=100002151392127
* Organized by the Graduate Students of EmoryÆs Comparative Literature Department