text:
A tetrapod is a vertebrate animal having four feet, legs or leglike appendages. The technical term tetrapoda literally means 'four-legged' (from the Greek).
Table of contents |
2 Carboniferous tetrapods 3 External links |
Devonian tetrapods
The first tetrapods evolved in shallow and swampy freshwater habitats, towards the end of the Devonian period, a bit more than 360 million years ago. The primitive tetrapods developed from osteolopiform lobe-fin fishes, the Sarcopterygii— the 'living fossil' coelacanth is a lobe-finned fish— which had already developed some adaptations of fins with fleshy bases and bones, which they used as paddles in shallow water habitats choked with plants and detritus. The universal tetrapod characters of front limbs that bend backward at the elbow and hind limbs that bend forward at the knee can plausibly be traced to early tetrapods living in shallow water.
The evolution of the air-breathing lung from the primitive swim-bladder of lobe-finned fishes has not yet been worked out in detail. Functioning internal gills were present in at least one Late Devonian tetrapod, Acanthostega.
These earliest tetrapods were not terrestrial. The earliest confirmed terrestrial forms are known from the early Carboniferous deposits, some 20 million years later. At last they would have used their legs to paw their way through the mud.
Devonian tetrapods: external links
Carboniferous tetrapods
Until the 1990s, there was a 30- million year gap in the fossil record between the late Devonian tetrapods and the reappearance of tetrapod fossils, in recognizable amphibian lineages, in the mid-Carboniferous. It was referred to as 'Romer's Gap' for the palaeontologist who recognized it.
During the 'gap' tetrapod backbones developed, limbs with digits and other adaptations for terrestrial life and walking gaits. But limbs were not the only organs involved. Ears, skulls and vertebral columns all underwent changes too. The number of digits on manes (hand) and (pes) foot became standardized. The very few tetrapod fossils in the 'gap' are all the more precious. Jennifer A. Clack, Gaining Ground: the origin and evolution of tetrapods analyzes them.
By the Visean era of mid-Carboniferous times, recognizable basal-group Amphibia (frogs, salamanders and caecilians) are represented by the temnospondyls and similarly primitive Amniota (which now include mammals, turtles, crocodiles, birds, lizards and snakes) are represented by the anthracosaurs. Living members of the tetrapod clan (that is, 'crown-group') tetrapods represent the phylogenetic end-points of these two divergent lineages. A third Palaeozoic group, the baphetids left no modern survivors.
Today, most tetrapods are land-dwelling, at least in their adult forms, but some species, such as the axolotl remain aquatic. whales and ichthyosaurs are tetrapods that have returned to the sea.
;Amphibia : frogs and toads, newts and salamanders
;Anapsida : only extant examples are turtles
;Synapsida : many extinct species and all mammals
;Dyapsida : dinosaurs, most modern reptiles, birds
Note that snakes are considered tetrapods because they are descended from ancestors who had a full complement of limbs. Similar considerations apply to aquatic mammals.Carboniferous tetrapods: external links
In the Permian period the term 'tetrapoda' becomes less useful, as the separate tetrapod lineages each developed in their own way. Each lineage, however, remained part of the tetrapoda, just as Homo sapiens could be considered a very highly-specialized kind of lobe-finned fish!
There are four main categories of living ('crown group") tetrapods:


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In Part 1, Portfolio Manager Sam Peters, CFA and Chief Investment Strategist, Michael Mauboussin discuss the Firm's valuation-driven, long-term& investment strategy and expectation evaluation process. In Part 2, Director of Research Randy Befumo, CFA and Portfolio Manager Sam Peters, CFA talk about LMCM's robust research team and the Firm's decision making process. In Part 3, Randy Befumo, Sam Peters and Jay Leopold discuss key aspects of LMCM's business - research analysis, their VAL core and approach to risk management. In Part 4, Michael Mauboussin breaks down the three areas of LMCM's security analysis and Jay Leopold explains how LMCM's risk process is integrated into the investment process.
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After you check out D4rkst4r, view out the other Weekly musicians, top MP3 downloads and our list of local bands.
Band | D4rkst4r's Role in the Band | About the Band | |
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#TwitterTales: #SJSharks vs Devils with goals, saves & Czechs... oh my! http://t.co/eRIKP4O68C
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 24, 2013
Into town came the Devils. New Jersey was sweeping through California and the Sharks served as a final stop before a return back to the east coast. It was a meeting between old friends as well as the next generation and their childhood idols.
RT by 10AM for a chance to win tickets for tonight! GAMEDAY: #SJSharks vs Devils | Preview: http://t.co/BiqDj3DtPS pic.twitter.com/80VAzjtfWi
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 23, 2013
Morning skate time in San Jose. #SJSharks prep to #BeattheDevils pic.twitter.com/PnorCvFW5R
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 23, 2013
Jagr here, TM calls tonight "special" for Hertl. Adds: "Maybe one day they'll be a young Czech player talking about playing Tomas Hertl."
— Kevin Kurz (@KKurzCSN) November 23, 2013
It could have been former Sharks alternate captain Ryane Clowe's first game against the Sharks, but the forward stayed behind on the road trip, treating a concussion.
Devils' Clowe resumes skating: Devils left wing Ryane Clowe, who has been sidelined since Oct. 13 witb concuss... http://t.co/PRkFKgywfz
— Tom Gulitti (@TGfireandice) November 23, 2013
Brodeur vs. Niemi in net tonight in San Jose.
— Tom Gulitti (@TGfireandice) November 23, 2013
Sharks strike first.
In warmups, Todd McLellan's son Cale, working on the #SJSharks bench, correctly/accurately told Scott Hannan how he would score tonight.
— Brodie Brazil (@brodiebrazilCSN) November 24, 2013
Scott Hannan Trending @SanJoseSharks pic.twitter.com/EttTimwCWp
— David (@davidsting414) November 24, 2013
Really good to see these two guys get on the scoresheet. Great pass by Havlat, perfect finish by Kennedy.
#SJSharks have now outscored their opponents 32-12 in first periods this season
— Kevin Kurz (@KKurzCSN) November 24, 2013
Big hit by Daddy! #SJSharks
— [GPY] Nicole Visari (@madtyger) November 24, 2013
Beauty of a glove save by Brodeur robs #SJSharks Couture all alone in front of NJD goal.
— David Pollak (@PollakOnSharks) November 24, 2013
Brent Burns is back and creating the chaos that all Sharks fans love.
Second drawn penalty of the game for Burns.
— Fear The Fin (@fearthefin) November 24, 2013
#SJSharks don't get anything on the man-advantage, but really assert some strong play along the boards. Shots now 20-8, holding 2-0 lead.
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 24, 2013
Instant classic.
Hahahaha @TomHertl this is amazing. pic.twitter.com/PdH6WBonp7
— Curt Gogol (@CurtGogol13) November 24, 2013
Through 40 minutes, @Burnzie88 & Mike Brown pace the #SJSharks w/ 4 hits each. Demers & Braun lead w/ 3 shots each.
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 24, 2013
I seriously love Joe being mic'd up its one of the best things in the world hahaha #SJSharks
— That Truck Tho❤ (@OneDirectionSJ8) November 24, 2013
Larry Robinson: "You can never shoot enough, on Marty Brodeur" #sjsharks
— Brodie Brazil (@brodiebrazilCSN) November 24, 2013
If Marty could stop saving these shots that'd be greeeat. #SJSharks
— Brian Tenerowicz (@BrianTenerowicz) November 24, 2013
Uh oh...
Devils score as Elias gets one through a screen and by Niemi. #SJSharks lead 2-1 w/ 11:50 to play.
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 24, 2013
Niemi only faced 19 shots on the night, but had to make some spectacular saves.
Antti Niemi with the save of the night right there folks. #SJSharks
— Jeff Adams (@jeffmadams) November 24, 2013
ALL HAIL NIEMI. #SJSharks
— Matt Fraser (@TheFraze408) November 24, 2013
A scary incident with Brodeur after the puck strikes the unprotected portion of his neck after a Burns shot. But thankfully, Martin was okay and actually remained in the game for a few seconds before he was pulled for the extra skater.
And now he's up on his feet and staying in game.
— Tom Gulitti (@TGfireandice) November 24, 2013
I have more respect for the entire team just because of their fans. #SJSharks
— Juhhhbid (@jbid_bozo) November 24, 2013
#SJSharks WIN! Scores from Hannan & Kennedy. Niemi simply stellar. That's two in a row. pic.twitter.com/QnlZnArxdq
— San Jose Sharks (@SanJoseSharks) November 24, 2013
Three shots tonight for Kennedy. Yes, I've been watching too much History Channel.
— Kevin Kurz (@KKurzCSN) November 24, 2013
Joe Thornton with an assist, his 1,142nd point, tying him for 50th on the NHL's all-time list with Nicklas Lidstrom.
— Darin Stephens (@SharksStats) November 24, 2013
California r00lz, Canada dr00lz pic.twitter.com/Vr2nVl9Jvz
— Fear The Fin (@fearthefin) November 24, 2013
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Social Question
Can you sum up your life in a sentence?
Asked by Hawaii_Jake (25809
July 3rd, 2012
"What a strange ride this has been," would have to be the sentence I would use to sum up my life.
What would you say about yours?
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Resonant-tunnelling-assisted crossing for subwavelength plasmonic slot waveguides
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 19, pp. 14997-15005 (2008)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (250 KB)
We theoretically investigate properties of crossing for two perpendicular subwavelength plasmonic slot waveguides. In terms of symmetry consideration and resonant-tunnelling effect, we design compact cavity-based crossing structures for nanoplasmonic waveguides. Our results show that the crosstalk is practically eliminated and the throughput reaches the unity on resonance. Simulation results are in agreement with those from coupled-mode theory. Taking the material loss into account, the symmetry properties of the modes are preserved and the crosstalk remains suppressed, while the throughput is naturally lowered. Our results may open a way to construct nanoscale crossings for high-density nanoplasmonic integration circuits.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(130.2790) Integrated optics : Guided waves
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
Original Manuscript: June 25, 2008
Revised Manuscript: September 5, 2008
Manuscript Accepted: September 5, 2008
Published: September 9, 2008
Sanshui Xiao and Niels A. Mortensen, "Resonant-tunnelling-assisted crossing for
subwavelength plasmonic slot
waveguides," Opt. Express 16, 14997-15005 (2008)
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- M. Lipson, "Guiding, modulating, and emitting light on silicon - challeges and opportunities," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 4222-4238 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. Bogaerts, R. Baets, P. Dumon, V. Wiaux, S. Beckx, D. Taillaert, B. Luyssaert, J. Van Campenhout, P. Bienstman, and D. Van Thourhout, "Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology," J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 401-412 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Tsuchizawa, K. Yamada, H. Fukuda, T. Watanabe, J. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, T. Shoji, E. Tamechika, S. Itabashi, and H. Morita, "Microphotonics devices based on silicon microfabrication technology," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 11, 232-240 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Takahara, S. Yamagishi, H. Taki, A. Morimoto, and T. Kobayashi, "Guiding of a one-dimensional optical beam with nanometer diameter," Opt. Lett. 22, 475-477 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. W. Ebbesen, C. Genet, and S. I. Bozhebolnyi, "Surface-plasmon circuitry," Phys. Today 61, 44-50 (2008).
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- K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka, "Simulations of nanometric optical circuits based on surface plasmon polariton gap waveguide," Opt. Lett. 82, 1158-1160 (2003).
- G. Veronis and S. Fan, "Guided subwavelength plasmonic mode supported by a slot in a thin metal film," Opt. Lett. 30, 3359-3361 (2005). [CrossRef]
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- D. F. P. Pile, T. Ogawa, D. K. Gramotven, Y. Matsuzaki, K. C. Vernon, T. Yamaguchi, K. Okamoto, M. Haraguchi, and M. Fukui, "Two-dimensionallly localized modes of a nanoscale gap plasmon waveguide," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 261114 (2005). [CrossRef]
- S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J. Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including interferometers and ring resonators," Nature 440, 508-511 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Xiao, L. Liu, and M. Qiu, "Resonator channel drop filters in a plasmon-polaritons metal," Opt. Express 14, 2932-2937(2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zia, M. D. Selker, P. B. Catrysse, and M. L. Brongersma, "Geometries and materials for subwavelength surface plasmon modes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 2442-2446 (2004). [CrossRef]
- W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, "Low-loss, low-cross-talk crossings for silicon-oninsulator nanophotonic waveguides," Opt. Lett. 32, 2801-2803 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, "Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 43, 646-647 (2004). [CrossRef]
- H. Chen and A.W. Poon, "Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2260-2262 (2006). [CrossRef]
- D. Sarid, "Long-range surface-plasma waves on very thin metal films," Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1927-1930 (1981). [CrossRef]
- P. Berini, "Plasmon-polariton waves guided by thin lossy metal films of finite width: Bound modes of symmetric structures," Phys. Rev. B 61, 10484-10503 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. Jung, T. Sondergaard, and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, "Theoretical analysis of square surface plasmon-polaritons waveguides for long-range polarization-independent waveguiding," Phys. Rev. B 76, 035434 (2007). [CrossRef]
- J. Jin, The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics (Wiley, 2002).
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- M. P. Nezhad. K. Tetz, and Y. Fainman, "Gain assisted propagation of surface plasmon polaritons on planar metallic waveguides," Opt. Express 12, 4072-4079 (2006). [CrossRef]
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text:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 21542803 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
In this study, we demonstrate that BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) can be successfully differentiated into type II alveolar epithelial cells in vitro under mimic pulmonary microenvironment. BMSCs were co-cultured with MRC-5 cells in modified SAGM (small airway growth medium). The BMSC-derived type II alveolar epithelial cells morphologically resemble human lung epithelial cells. They began to appear after 10 days in co-culture and became morphologically dominant after day 15. Correspondingly, SPC (surfactant protein C), a specific functional marker of human type II alveolar epithelial cells, was detected in differentiated cells by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) analysis after day 15. Immunostaining analysis revealed the present of scattered SPC-positive cells with a differentiation efficiency of 2.43-4.21%. Our study further showed that the SPC gene expression level in differentiated cells was related to the ratio of BMSCs to MRC-5 cells and the components of modified SAGM. |
Nan Ma; Hui Gai; Ju Mei; Fang-Bao Ding; Chun-Rong Bao; David M Nguyen; Hong Zhong |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
Title: Cell biology international Volume: 35 ISSN: 1095-8355 ISO Abbreviation: Cell Biol. Int. Publication Date: 2011 Dec |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 2011-11-10 Completed Date: 2012-06-06 Revised Date: 2012-08-02 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 9307129 Medline TA: Cell Biol Int Country: England |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 1261-6 Citation Subset: IM |
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Peoples Republic of China. |
Export Citation:
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MeSH Terms | |
Bone Marrow Cells
metabolism Cell Differentiation* Coculture Techniques Humans Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology*, metabolism Pneumocytes / cytology*, metabolism Pulmonary Alveoli / cytology, metabolism Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C / genetics*, metabolism |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C; 0/SFTPC protein, human |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Last weekend I found a house I would love to live in, and the kind of land I would love to live on.
The house
Just a small 1036 sq ft, but perfect space for me |
The land
Long narrow strip of land, doesn't have to be on water, but the trees are a must, imagine the gardens and flower beds. |


text:
The Bamianshan World Studios of Hengdian Group
Last updated by chinatravel at 2014/10/30
Brief introduction to the scenic spot:
There are seven scenic spots at Hengdian World Studios, the scenery of Emperor Qin Palace, Qing Ming Shang He Tu (the prosperous Street on the Spring Festival in the Song Dynasty), the Riverside Town in South China, Dazhi Temple, Guangzhou Street and Hong Kong Street, Palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Pingyan Caves. Those architectures show the history background from the Zhou Dynasty up to the modern times, which concentrate on the essence of Chinese People's historic culture greatly.
Hengdian World Studios subordinates 13 shooting bases. There are two indoor shooting studios in Hengdian World Studios, with the area of 8,000 square meters. One of which is the largest one in China, with the area of 1,944 square meters and the height of 23 meters, while another with the area of 1080 square meters and the height of 21 meters. These two indoor shooting studios are designed with distinctive style, whose outer walls are one meter in thickness. Therefore, they can be filmed at the same time, because of their excellent sound insulation. Offices and over 3,000 square meters area of workshops are set up near the studios. In order to satisfy people's needs when filming, the studios offer all kinds of professional services by skilled people, such as making props and costumes, building scenes, offering stage lighting, sounds and smoke if necessary. Therefore, the two indoor studios have become the largest-scale indoor filming sites, with the most complete supporting facilities and the longest historical span in China.
Solo Adventure Tips:
How to Get There?
Take a train to Yiwu at Hangzhou railway station, then transfer a regular bus to Hengdian when arriving at the Jiangdong bus station of Yiwu.
Get to Hengdian by taking direct express bus at Hangzhou south bus station. There are four runs of regular buses, among which two start in the morning, two in the afternoon. The earliest bus starts at 6:50am, with 2.5 hours driving.
Ticket Price:
Opening Hours:
7:30am to 17:00pm
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text: Mrs. Amy Marie Winn, age 32 of Dallas passed away on Friday, January 11, 2013 at her residence. Mrs. Winn was born on September 9, 1980 in Columbus, GA the daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Bill (Vickie) Stanford. Amy worked for Suntrust Bank in Woodstock... View Obituary & Service Information


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Big Live Live Show Live 2015 - Part 03
$35 for new and current members!
Mortal Kombat X moves forward with a snappier version of the previous game's fighting and some cool new characters, but the story and other features around the edges feel a bit rough in spots.
The ways that Axiom Verge resembles Metroid help set up and drive home the ways that Axiom Verge is most definitely not Metroid.
Hotline Miami's thrillingly brutal gameplay is stretched to the point of breaking in this aesthetically pleasing, but otherwise disappointing sequel.
Game » consists of 1 releases. Released Feb 28, 1998
An altar is an object usually used for sacrificial ceremonies and offerings.
A barrel is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wood staves and bound with iron hoops. In video games, it is used in many ways to fill up a level or even be used in one. They also may explode. Use caution when around barrels.
The "liquid of life" for practically all beings. In games, most commonly found outside the body and can be found in a pooled, spilled, dried, fresh or splattered state. This page is for games that actually have blood as an obtainable object.
A bridge is something that quickens your journey by allowing you to go over an obstacle, like a river or gorge, instead of making you go through it. It is made of a variety of materials like wood or steel.
An outdoor fire usually lit in a fire ring, to provide warmth or heat for cooking.
Step one: Apply club to enemy's head. Step two: Laugh.
In many cultures, the body of a deceased person is placed in a coffin prior to burial.
A moving belt that transports objects (and player characters and non-player characters) from one place to another.
Crates sometimes contain things!
Crystals come in many varieties, although typically they're somehow magical in games. Especially central to the Final Fantasy franchise.
Doors are a common object in most video games, as well as the keys and objects needed to open them. From role playing to shooters, doors are an important component of many games.
A machine designed with the purpose of moving objects or characters vertically.
A ball of hot flickering fire. Usually thrown from the hero's hand into the squealing face of the enemy.
Items used to protect hands. Often infused with magic to strengthen the user.
A motion transmitter found in various machinery.
A potion that replenishes health.
Whether it's worn for protection or style, helmets appear in various game genres.
Used to open doors, or anything else that is locked. In any game where the player has an inventory, it's a safe bet that a key will appear at some point.
Lava is molten rock, usually from the interior of a planet, and in games is often used as a hazard to players, or as a visible gameplay-area boundary.
Meat is the edible flesh of animals. It is often seen restoring the health of adventurers and annoying vegans.
An item that often acts as a potion, or other object that heals health.
Used both as a weapon and a hand tool.
Armor made from metal plates designed to protect a user from injury. Usually more beneficial than armor made from chain links or leather.
A potion is any sort of liquid, usually brewed by an alchemist, that replenishes the health, mana, or energy of the player, or causes damage to an enemy. Potions are extremely common in role-playing games.
Cross large bodies of water safely. Hey, at least it's safer than swimming.
Ring stands mostly for power in games,or for a powerful item in a RPG.Games that have rings are mostly fantasy games.
A corded length of fibers that has about five thousand bazillion uses.
Severed limbs are objects in video games that fall off of characters, often from explosions, gunshots,and melee weapons.
The premier choice in your defensive needs. A great companion for any one handed sword, which in addition to blocking can be used for advanced maneuvers like Shield Bashes.
An edge tool used for cutting grass or crops.
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Need to know where to go and what to do in Houston? Give a tip, post a comment or ask Veronica. Ask Veronica! › submitQuestion
Once you're in Houston, getting around town is half the fun. It's easy to cruise, stroll and ride your way through our sites. more ›
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Exploring Houston's Urban Landscape Aboard the METRORail
Heading out to Houston? Give the car a brake and let the city's METRORail handle all of the legwork. The 13-mile Red Line runs from Fannin South Station through downtown along Main Street through the Museum District, the Texas Medical Center, University of Houston-Downtown, and ends at the Northline Transit Center/Houston Community College. Catch the wallet-friendly rail to more than 100 dining and nightlife options, professional sports arenas, cultural institutions and the largest medical center in the world.
By the end of 2014, METRORail is scheduled to have two more lines running: The Green/East End Line and the Purple/Southeast Line.Also, for those who use the rail regularly, a Q Card allows for great discounts at businesses along the line.
Below is a breakdown of what there is to see and do off the METRORail's different stops:
METRORail Tips: Tickets cost $1.25 (one-way) and can be purchased using cash or credit at all rail stops METRORail hours are:
Travel time from end to end is 30 minutes For METRORail information, call (713) 635-4000 or visit www.RideMetro.org | |
Spaghetti Warehouse: Traditional, made-from-scratch Italian fare is the specialty here. 3 blocks @ 901 Commerce St.
University of Houston-Downtown: UHD is a publicly-supported, urban university located in Houston's central business district. With a student body of more than 13,000, UHD is ranked the second-largest university in the Houston area. 0 blocks @ 320 N Main St.
Allen's Landing: Often described as "Houston's Plymouth Rock," Allen's Landing is the birthplace of Houston. This historic spot overlooks White Oak Bayou and Buffalo Bayou and features a revitalized concrete paved wharf, promenade, walking trails and a terrace overlooking the bayou. 2 blocks @ 1001 Commerce St.
Niko Niko's
Line & Lariat: The ultra-chic restaurant at Hotel Icon features "modern Texas cuisine." 1 block @ 220 Main St.
Batanga: The restaurant features Latin American tapas, exotic drinks and live music, as well as a large grassy patio that overlooks Market Square Park. 1 block @ 908 Congress.
Mia Bella Trattoria: Inventive Italian fare defines this longtime favorite. 1 block @ 320 Main St.
Hearsay Gastro Lounge: Expect upscale pub grub at this historically-hip downtown spot. 2 blocks @ 218 Travis St.
Frank's Pizza: Downtown pizza joint is known for its hand-tossed specialties and 3 a.m. closing time. 2 blocks @ 417 Travis St.
17 Restaurant: Critically hailed inventive New American cuisine characterizes this chic downtown eatery in the Alden Hotel. 3 blocks @ 1117 Prairie St.
Niko Niko's: Gyro lovers on the go have a new place to snag savory kabobs, hummus and authentic Greek fare at Niko Niko's new Market Square outpost. 3 blocks @ 301 Milam
Bistro Lancaster: Take in a pre-theater meal at this cozy bistro in The Lancaster Hotel. 5 blocks @ 701 Texas Ave.
Vic & Anthony's: Award-winning steakhouse featuring the finest prime beef and seafood and a distinguished wine list. 6 blocks @ 1510 Texas St.
Irma's Southwest Grill: This small upscale bistro serves downtown lunch-goers a short and ever-changing Tex-Mex and southwestern menu. 6 blocks @ 1314 Texas St.
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Dean's: A laid-back mood and hip atmosphere is the feel at this funky downtown bar housed a 1930s clothing store. ½ block @ 316 Main St.
Bad News Bar: This modern American cocktail bar serves up quality drinks in a fun atmosphere. ½ block @ 308 Main St.
Shay McElroy's Irish Pub: Shay McElroy's in the Rice Lofts building downtown takes the Irish-pub-in-America concept to a new level. 1 ½ blocks @ 909 Texas St.
OKRA Charity Saloon: This bar donates 100 percent of the proceeds to charity.
1 ½ blocks @ 924 Congress.Warren's Inn: This classic downtown bar holds its own amid downtown's revitalization. 2 blocks @ 307 Travis St.
La Carafe: Housed in one of the oldest buildings in Houston, this cozy wine bar offers unbeatable ambiance and a very enviable wine selection. 2 ½ blocks @ 813 Congress St.
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Alden Houston Hotel
Hotel ICON: This cosmopolitan boutique hotel, set in a 1911 bank building, offers timeless design and fabulous amenities. 1 block @ 220 Main St.
The Magnolia Hotel: This upscale luxury boutique hotel offers all the full service amenities and services of a four-star hotel. 2 ½ blocks @ 1100 Texas Ave.
The Sam Houston Hotel: A luxury boutique hotel featuring contemporary design and amenities and the award-winning 17 Restaurant. 3 blocks @ 1117 Prairie St.
Hotel Lancaster: Houston's original small luxury hotel evokes a feeling of comfort and convenience, combining traditional European decor and charm with high-tech amenities. 5 blocks @ 701 Texas Ave.
Westin Downtown: This luxury hotel is directly across from Minute Maid Park and in close proximity to the George R. Brown Convention Center and Dynamo Stadium, among other destinations. 7 blocks @ 1520 Texas Ave.
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Market Square Park: Nestled in Houston's Historic District, Market Square Park provides a place for entertainment, dining, public art and-yes-green space. 3 blocks @ 301 Milam
Sambuca: Enjoy live music at this stylish supper club located inside the historic Rice Hotel. 2 ½ blocks @ 909 Texas Ave.
Theater District: Just blocks from the rail, Houston's 17-block Theater District draws a faithful following for Grammy, Tony and Emmy-award winning performances by the Houston Ballet, Houston Grand Opera, Alley Theatre and Houston Symphony. 5 ½ blocks @ 615 Texas Ave.
Minute Maid Park: Root for the Houston Astros at downtown's Minute Maid Park, where a retractable roof affords open-air seating on beautiful Houston evenings. Baseball season is April through October. 8 blocks @ 501 Crawford St.
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The Grove
McCormick & Schmick's: This popular seafood spot is downtown's leading authority in fresh seafood offering. 1 block @ 1201 Fannin St.
Guadalajara del Centro: An extensive Mexican menu complements the south-of-the-border flair at this bustling eatery. 2 blocks @ 1201 San Jacinto St.
Andalucia Tapas and Taverna: Provides diners with an extensive menu of authentic hot and cold Spanish tapas and a well-priced wine list. 2 blocks @ 1201 San Jacinto St.
Mia Bella: The second location for this downtown Italian favorite. 2 blocks @ 1201 San Jacinto St.
The Grove: Nestled inside the beautiful Discovery Green park, this two-story, ultra-urban restaurant offers a variety of steaks, seafood and rotisserie specialties. 5 blocks @ 1500 McKinney St.
The Lake House: A family friendly fast casual concept located in the heart of the 12-acre Discovery Green park. 5 blocks @ 1500 McKinney St.
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Flying Saucer Draught Emporium: A laid-back bar offering 85 taps from all over the world and just down the road. 2 blocks @ 705 Main St.
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The Courtyard/Residence Inn by Marriott: Located adjacent to one another in the historic Humble Oil building, both these Marriott hotels surround travelers with the conveniences that make business and pleasure travel easy. ½ block @ 904 Dallas St.
Four Seasons Hotel: Located in the heart of downtown Houston, Four Seasons resonates with the cosmopolitan elegance and refined Southern charm that characterizes Houston. 3 blocks @1300 Lamar St.
Hyatt Regency: Provides an upscale experience for convention groups as well as business and leisure travelers. 4 blocks @ 1200 Louisiana St.
Hilton Americas-Houston: Houston's state-of-the-art convention hotel offers over 1,200 guest rooms, including both one and two-bedroom suites. 6 blocks @ 1600 Lamar St.
Embassy Suites Houston Downtown: The new hotel features spacious, two-room suites with separate living areas, private bedrooms and wet bars and overlooks Discovery Green park.
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GreenStreet: Downtown's sleek entertainment and retail hub offers 700,000 square feet of stylish restaurants, clubs and shops. 1/2 block @ 1201 Main St.
- Shopping: GreenStreet is home to Forever 21 and BCBG.
- Pete's Dueling Piano Bar: High-energy piano performances take the stage at this Houston Pavilions-set bar.
- Lucky Strike Lanes: Houston Pavilions strikes gold with this upscale bowling alley.
- House of Blues: This multi-level music hall offers a richly unique entertainment experience, as well as traditional American cuisine with a Southern flair.
Discovery Green
Discovery Green: Houston's 12-acre downtown park offers year-round activities and arts programming, as well as two destination restaurants. 5 blocks @ 1500 McKinney St.
Houston Visitors Center: Make a stop at City Hall for maps, guides, tours and Houston information. 5 blocks @ 901 Bagby St.
Toyota Center: Watch the red-hot Rockets lay-up and dunk in downtown's Toyota Center. Basketball season is October through April. Fans also flock to the Toyota Center for high-energy Aeros hockey and action-packed AHL competition. Hockey season is October through April. 6 blocks @ 1510 Polk St.
George R. Brown Convention Center: Located in the heart of thriving downtown Houston, the GRB is the City's premier convention venue, playing host to hundreds of conventions, tradeshows, meeting and events annually. 6 blocks @ 1001 Avenida De Las Americas
The Heritage Society at Sam Houston Park: Learn about Houston's past at Sam Houston Park on the western edge of downtown and take a guided tour of the eight historic structures in the park, all maintained by Houston's Heritage Society. 6 blocks @ 1100 Bagby St.
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Coco's Crepes and Coffee
Cyclone Anaya's: This tasty Tex-Mex restaurants brings its mix of margarita-fueled fun and upscale casual dining to Midtown.
8 blocks @ 309 Gray St.The Fish: This Midtown sushi stop scores high on glam with mood lighting and above-average fare. 8 blocks @ 309 Gray St.
Coco's Crepes and Coffee: Coco's has great drinks, a friendly staff and the best crepes in town! 9 blocks @ 218 Gray St.
Majorca Bistro & Tapas: Order an assortment of tapas such as the stuffed eggs with anchovies or empanadillas. For those a bit more hungry, go for an entrée of seafood paella or orange glazed duck breast with mint mashed potatoes. 9 blocks @ 207 W. Gray St.
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Christian's Tailgate: Christian's Tailgate is a Midtown favorite for burgers, beer and sports. 6 blocks @ 2000 Bagby St.
Front Porch Pub: This Midtown favorite boasts 44 draught beers and more than 50 bottles. 9 blocks @ 217 Gray St.
Double Cross Lounge: Known for its modern martinis and light bites. Outside, covered patio seating gives patrons a view of the buzzing Midtown scene, while inside, the curving bar's takes center stage, with its light-and-ice-filled trough. 8 blocks @ 114 W. Gray St.
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Reef: Celebrity chef Bryan Caswell's flagship restaurant, named the No. 1 seafood restaurant in America by Bon Appétit. 1 ½ blocks @ 2600 Travis St.
Ibiza Food and Wine Bar: As sexy as its island namesake, this hot spot buzzes with Mediterranean bites and airy, clean-edged design. 3 blocks @ 2450 Louisiana St.
Gloria's: Expect a modern yet elegant atmosphere, along with authentic Mexican and Salvadorian dishes--including award-winning margaritas and black bean dip. 4 blocks @ 2616 Main St.
Damian's Cucina Italiana: Perched on the edge of downtown, this eatery balances novelty Italian with a palatable sophisticated freshness. 8 blocks @ 3011 Smith St.
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Mongoose Versus Cobra: Craft cocktails and a stellar beer selection are on tap inside this comfortable, yet industrial, space. 1/2 block @ 1011 McGowen.
Nouveau Antique Art Bar: Dozens of reproduction Tiffany lamps hang from the ceiling of this romantic Midtown watering hole. 3 blocks @ 2913 Main St.
Bar Munich: At Midtown's Bar Munich, every day is Oktoberfest. Here you'll find great German beer plus bartenders ready to mix up creative cocktails and shots-including the signature "Munich Bomb." 3 blocks @ 2616 Louisiana St.
Celtic Gardens: The bar features a true patio oasis marked by a large live oak tree, a perimeter of hedges, patio lanterns, raised booth seating, and an assortment of custom tables in a fun, European sports bar setting. 5 blocks 2300 Louisiana St.
13 Celsius: Old-world ambiance and a well-edited wine list find a home at this charming Midtown wine bar and retail shop. 6 blocks @ 3000 Caroline St.
Howl at the Moon: This dueling piano bar creates a lively scene, with singing and celebrating and occasional table-standing debauchery. 6 blocks @ 612 Hadley St.
Pub Fiction: This Midtown pub offers live music, plenty of drink specials, and ample outdoor patio. 6 blocks @ 2303 Smith St.
Little Woodrow's: This relaxed beer garden boasts more than 100 beers (22 on tap), happy hour specials and a sports-friendly crowd. 7 blocks @ 2306 Brazos St.
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Houston Fire Museum: This museum is dedicated to educating the community on fire, life safety and the history of the fire service. 3 blocks @ 2403 Milam St.
Spec's Liquor Warehouse: Spec's is a true destination shopping experience, offering over 40,000 labels of wines, spirits, liqueurs, beers, and finer foods in its 80,000 square foot building. 6 blocks @ 2410 Smith St.
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Tacos a Go Go: Good food and good prices define this casual, yet funky Midtown restaurant. ½ block @ 3704 Main St.
Julia's Bistro: This colorful bistro spices up Midtown with creative Latin fusion cuisine. 1 block @ 3722 Main St.
The Breakfast Klub: Catfish and grits, wings and waffles top a tempting array of breakfast favorites at this cozy comfort food zone. 1 ½ blocks @ 3711 Travis St.
Sparrow Bar + Cookshop: Monica Pope's simple Midtown haven transforms local market fodder into culinary sensations. 1½ blocks @ 3701 Travis St.
Artisans: This chic bistro is serving traditional yet unpretentious French food in a refined setting. Think seared red snapper Marseillaise-style and New York strip loin topped with Béarnaise sauce. 6 blocks @ 3201 Louisiana St.
Piola: This eatery fuses fast-casual and full-service dining in a vibrant, modern space. Raid the menu for one of more than 50 thin-crust pizza variations. 6 blocks @ 3201 Louisiana St.
Brennan's of Houston: Brennan's Texas Creole-inspired menu is a longtime favorite for lunch, dinner and the popular Creole Jazz Brunch on Sundays. 7 blocks @ 3300 Smith St.
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Double Trouble Caffeine & Cocktails: Whether by yourself or with friends, Double Trouble is a comfortable space to enjoy a morning coffee, relax with an after-work beer, or have an evening cocktail. 1 block @ 3622 Main St.
Shoeshine Charley's Big Top Lounge: Decorated in quaint circus paraphernalia of yore, Big Top is a great place to get a drink before hitting up Continental Club for a show. ½ block @ 3714 Main St.
Maple Leaf Pub: This neighborhood pub offers a solid mix of draft beers, as well as several bottled varieties of Canadian, Texan and American brews. 7 ½ blocks @ 514 Elgin St.
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Continental Club: For live music in a small venue with a distinctly Texan feel, there's no better place in Houston. Local and touring acts tend toward rock, blues and country-tinged tunes. ½ block @ 3700 Main St.
The Ensemble Theatre: The largest African-American professional theatre company in the U.S. produces a repertoire of critically acclaimed dramas, comedies and musicals. ½ block @ 3535 Main St.
Sig's Lagoon: This rad record store is located next door to the Continental Club, offering a wide variety of CDs, vinyl albums, books, and all sorts of knickknacks. ½ block @ 3710 Main St.
Adkins Architectural Antiques: Do a little shopping at Adkins Architectural Antiques for one-of-a-kind furniture and accessories. 2 blocks @ 3515 Fannin St.
Station Museum: A Midtown-set museum dedicated to an always-changing, thought-provoking mix of contemporary art displays. 7 blocks @ 1502 Alabama St.
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Houston Center for Contemporary Craft
Houston Center for Contemporary Craft: One of the few venues in the country dedicated exclusively to craft, highlighting art made of glass, fiber, clay, metal or wood. 5 blocks @ 4848 Main St.
Lawndale Art Center: A non-profit alternative space that exhibits contemporary works in all media, unique in its focus on Houston area artists. 6 blocks @ 4912 Main St.
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Lucille's: Here, Southern cuisine reigns supreme, with specialties such as braised oxtails, oyster sliders, fried green tomatoes and Lucille's famous chili biscuits which she once served to Eleanor Roosevelt and Martin Luther King Jr.4 blocks @ 5512 LaBranch St.
Hotel ZaZa: The museum district's modern luxury hotel is awash in green space and within steps of Hermann Park. 1 block @ 5701 Main St.
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Museum of Fine Arts, Houston: The museum district's anchor and the nations sixth largest art museum, MFAH offers 300,000 square feet of exhibit space and presents more than 30 changing exhibits each year. 1 block @ 1001 Bissonnet St.
Holocaust Museum Houston: Educates students and the public about the dangers of prejudice and hatred in society. 2 blocks @ 5401 Caroline St.
Contemporary Arts Museum Houston: An art fan's favorite, showcasing innovative works from established and up-and-coming artists. Check out the CAMH gift shop, one of the city's best. 3 blocks @ 5216 Montrose Blvd.
Children's Museum of Houston: Touted as the No. 1 children's museums in the country by Parents magazine, CMH is packed with 90,000 square feet of innovative, interactive bilingual exhibits for kids of all ages. 3 blocks @ 1500 Binz St.
The Health Museum: Provides innovative and interactive health and science educational experiences to promote an understanding of the human body. 4 blocks @ 1515 Hermann Dr.
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Bodegas Taco Shop: The custom taco shop, located at the corner of Caroline and Ewing, offers a choice of rotisserie chicken, ground sirloin or fajita steak, topped by more than 10 salsa flavors. 1 block @ 1200 Binz St.
Pinewood Cafe: The spot located on Hermann Park's McGovern Lake serves up picnic-friendly foods (customizable picnic baskets are available) and full sit-down meals. 1/3 mile at 6104 Hermann Park Dr.
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Houston Museum of Natural Science
Hermann Park: This cultural and recreational hub invites visitors to explore the parks 445+ acres of gardens, picnic spaces, lakes and beautiful green space. 3 blocks
Houston Museum of Natural Science: The fourth most visited museum in the country features an IMAX theatre, Planetarium, Cockrell Butterfly Center, permanent exhibit halls and traveling exhibitions. 3 blocks @ 1 Hermann Circle Dr.
Miller Outdoor Theatre: Located inside Hermann Park, Miller is Houston's premier outdoor theater, offering FREE music, jazz, ballet, dance and film performances from April through October. 1/3 mile @ 6000 Hermann Park Dr.
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Houston Zoo: Houston's 55-acre zoo is home to 4,500 animal residents, representing more than 500 species, from winged creatures that fly free in the Tropical Bird House, to the slithering reptiles that constitute one of the nation's largest collections of venomous snakes. 1/3 mile @ 6200 Hermann Park Dr.
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Texas Medical Center Trevisio: One of Houston's most unique restaurants, located in the heart of the world-renowned Texas Medical Center and offering stunning views of the area. 2 blocks @ 6550 Bertner Ave.
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Houston Marriott at the Texas Medical Center: Located in the heart of the Texas Medical Center and connected with a climate controlled skyway to world-renowned hospitals, medical schools, Scurlock and Smith Towers. 1 block @ 6580 Fannin
DON'T MISSTexas Medical Center: With 49+ member institutions, 5 million patients annually and more than 72,000 employees, it's no wonder it's the largest medical center in the world. The entire Texas Medical Center covers more than 1,100 acres. 0 blocks @ 2450 Holcombe Blvd.
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Crowne Plaza Houston near NRG Park: Located across the street from NRG Park, the hotel offers 85,000 square feet of meeting space. 1 mile @ 8686 Kirby
Holiday Inn Houston NRG Park: The recently-renovated 238-room hotel offers direct pedestrian access into NRG Park. .9 miles @ 8111 Kirby
NRG Stadium
NRG Stadium: Cheer on the Houston Texans at NRG Stadium. Here, tailgating is as important as the game, so make sure to come early and bring an appetite. Football season is August through January. 0 blocks @ 2 NRG Park
NRG Park: A variety of events and conventions take place at NRG Park, including the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, the world's largest rodeo, and Houston Ballet Foundation's Nutcracker Market. Conventioneers rely on the METRORail to facilitate travel between downtown's George R. Brown Convention Center and downtown hotels and NRG Park. 0 blocks @ 1 NRG Park
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Summary: | (Studio) House Assassinations Committee hearings on another conspiracy theory re: Kennedy assassination reported.
(DC) Louie Steven Witt's testimony to committee detailed; is noted to concern black umbrella he carried on November 22, 1963, while on lunch break from Rio Grande Ins. Company in Dallas. Reports that Kennedy family strongly disliked black umbrella symbol noted. [WITT - was going to use umbrella to heckle Kennedy.] Conspiracy theories involving use of umbrella stated; photos and diagrams shown. [Committee MBR. - asks if umbrellas have ever been outfitted with weapon.] [WITT - says no.] Chairperson Louis Stokes' request that staff member open umbrella reported [STOKES - suggests staffer open it towards audience.] [WITT - thinks if "Guinness Book of World Records" had category for people in wrong place, at wrong time, for wrong thing, he'd have no close competition for number 1.]
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Program Time: | 05:24:40 pm - 05:26:10 pm. Duration: 01:30 | ||
Reporters: | Hume, Brit; Reynolds, Frank | ||
Link to this page | http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=55830 | ||
Broadcast Type: | Evening News Segment Type: News Content | ||
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Record Number: | 55830 |


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Compact 50-Hz terawatt Ti:sapphire laser for x-ray and nonlinear optical spectroscopy
Applied Optics, Vol. 41, Issue 24, pp. 5148-5154 (2002)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (258 KB)
We report a high-repetition-rate, compact terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system. The oscillator produces an 82-MHz pulse train consisting of broad-bandwidth pulses of 0.5-nJ/pulse energy and of 9-fs pulse duration. The spectrally shaped, λ/4 regenerative amplifier supports an 80-nm bandwidth. A single 50-Hz repetition-rate pump laser pumps both the regenerative amplifier and a multiple-pass amplifier. The final output from this laser is a 50-Hz pulse train made from pulses of 53 mJ/pulse energy and of 24-fs pulse duration. For generating ultrafast x-ray pulses, 90% of the energy from the final output of a 28-mm-diameter (1/e2) beam is focused onto an ultrafast x-ray wire target. The energy conversion efficiency from optical (800-nm central wavelength) to x-ray (characteristic lines of Kα from Cu at 8 keV) pulses is estimated to be 7 × 10-5. This laser system can also generate a lower-peak-power, dual-pulse output that can excite, simultaneously and coherently, Raman modes within an adjustable bandwidth (up to 700 cm-1) and at a tunable central vibrational frequency. Preliminary results for the generation of dual-pulse output and ultrafast x rays are presented.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers
(190.7110) Nonlinear optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
(300.6450) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, Raman
(300.6560) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, x-ray
(320.7160) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast technology
(350.5400) Other areas of optics : Plasmas
Original Manuscript: November 7, 2001
Revised Manuscript: April 19, 2002
Published: August 20, 2002
Guangjun Cheng, Fang Shan, Abhi Freyer, and Ting Guo, "Compact 50-Hz terawatt Ti:sapphire laser for x-ray and nonlinear optical spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 41, 5148-5154 (2002)
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Launch Services New Entrant Certification Guide
GAO-13-317R: Published: Feb 7, 2013. Publicly Released: Feb 7, 2013.
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What GAO Found
The Air Force based its Guide on existing NASA policy and procedures with respect to payload risk classification and launch vehicle certification. Payloads are classified based in part on factors such as national significance, payload complexity and cost, and are assigned a risk tolerance level accordingly. The Air Force, NASA, and NRO are working to coordinate and share information to facilitate launch vehicle certification efforts; however, each agency will determine for itself when certification has been achieved. As a result, some duplication and overlap of efforts could occur. The Air Force has also added other prerequisites to certification for new entrants that are not captured within the Guide, such as an approved implementation plan and a cooperative research and development agreement. According to the Air Force, these agreements are legal mechanisms intended to enable data sharing between the Air Force and new entrants, while protecting the interests of both.
While potential new entrants stated that they are generally satisfied with the Air Force's efforts to implement the Guide, they identified several challenges to certification, as well as perceived advantages afforded to the incumbent launch provider. For example, new entrants stated that they face difficulty in securing enough launch opportunities to become certified. The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics recently directed the Air Force to make available up to 14 launches for competition to new entrants, provided they demonstrate the required number of successful launches and provide the associated data in time to compete. If new entrants have not completed their final certification launch in time to compete, the newly-available launches will likely be awarded to the incumbent provider. New entrants stated they must also respond to changes in Air Force requirements that could impact their launch vehicle design and certification schedules. Air Force officials noted their intent to work with new entrants that may be affected by recent changes. Additionally, new entrants consider some Air Force requirements to be overly restrictive; for example, new entrants must be able to launch a minimum of 20,000 pounds to low earth orbit from specific Air Force launch facilities (versus facilities the new entrants currently use.) The Air Force stated that 20,000 pounds represents the low end of current EELV lift requirements, and that alternate launch sites are not equipped for the Air Force's national security launches. Further, new entrants noted that the incumbent provider receives ongoing infrastructure and development funding from the government, an advantage not afforded to the new entrants, and that historical criteria for competition in the EELV program were more lenient. The Air Force acknowledged that criteria for competition are different, reflective of differences in the acquisition environment.
Why GAO Did This Study
This letter is in response to a House report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (Pub. L. No. 112-479 (2013)), which directed that we report to the congressional defense committees by February 1, 2013 with a review and analysis of the implementation of the Air Force Launch Services New Entrant Certification Guide (Guide). In 2011, the Air Force, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), implemented a coordinated strategy to certify new entrants to provide launch capability on Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV)-class launch vehicles. New entrants are launch companies that are working toward certifying their launch vehicle capabilities so that they may be allowed to compete with the current sole-source contractor for government launches. Launch vehicle certification is necessary to ensure that only proven, reliable launch vehicles will be used to launch government satellites. Currently only one provider is certified to provide EELV-class launch capability for government launches. To execute this strategy for national security space launches, the Air Force developed the Guide, which serves as a risk-based approach that the Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center is using to certify the launch vehicle capabilities of potential new entrant launch providers. In response to the mandate, we addressed: (1) How the Air Force plans to implement its New Entrant Certification Guide, and (2) New entrant perspectives on becoming certified under the New Entrant Certification Guide.
For more information, please contact Cristina Chaplain at (202) 512-4841 or on firstname.lastname@example.com.
Apr 29, 2015
Space Acquisitions:
Some Programs Have Overcome Past Problems, but Challenges and Uncertainty Remain for the FutureGAO-15-492T: Published: Apr 29, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 29, 2015.
Apr 3, 2015
Space Acquisitions:
Space Based Infrared System Could Benefit from Technology Insertion PlanningGAO-15-366: Published: Apr 3, 2015. Publicly Released: Apr 3, 2015.
Mar 27, 2015
Assessments of Selected Large-Scale Projects [Reissued on March 26, 2015]GAO-15-320SP: Published: Mar 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 24, 2015.
Mar 24, 2015
James Webb Space Telescope:
Project Facing Increased Schedule Risk with Significant Work RemainingGAO-15-483T: Published: Mar 24, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 24, 2015.
Dec 15, 2014
James Webb Space Telescope:
Project Facing Increased Schedule Risk with Significant Work RemainingGAO-15-100: Published: Dec 15, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 15, 2014.
Dec 10, 2014
Human Space Exploration Programs Face ChallengesGAO-15-248T: Published: Dec 10, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 10, 2014.
Dec 9, 2014
Space Acquisitions:
DOD Needs More Guidance on Decisions to Store SatellitesGAO-15-97R: Published: Dec 9, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 9, 2014.
Jul 23, 2014
Space Launch System:
Resources Need to be Matched to Requirements to Decrease Risk and Support Long Term AffordabilityGAO-14-631: Published: Jul 23, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 23, 2014.
Jul 16, 2014
U.S. Launch Enterprise:
Acquisition Best Practices Can Benefit Future EffortsGAO-14-776T: Published: Jul 16, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 16, 2014.
Jun 20, 2014
Export Controls:
NASA Management Action and Improved Oversight Needed to Reduce the Risk of Unauthorized Access to Its TechnologiesGAO-14-690T: Published: Jun 20, 2014. Publicly Released: Jun 20, 2014.
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Reneb Reviews: 1 |
As a lot of people obviously saw is that it doesn't stick to every details of the book. But wtf? if it did it would be so much boring, we would know exacly how everything ends ... Read more Review posted on Monday, November 17th 2008 at 2:24 am |
poibowl Reviews: 1 |
I can't tell you how much I love the show because it brings me back to a time in my life when I was in the military and life was quite lonely, throughout all those long deployments. I sought comfort in the Sword of Shannara and all of the Sword of Truth series books. True, the show doesn't come close to the book, but what show or movie does? I love it, especially after seeing the most recent episode where Kahlan finally has the power to release the kandar blood rage...AWESOME! My inner geek is coming back out, now as an older man. I love it! Read more Review posted on Friday, September 11th 2009 at 6:41 am |
itaintrite Reviews: 4 |
In case you don't already know, this tv show is based on the Sword of Truth fantasy novels. Great books... great show? Eh... Read more Review posted on Sunday, November 16th 2008 at 12:33 am |


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Label me, Genderstats
Hello My name is |
Mr. Sinclair Sexsmith |
My identity is |
academic, activist, BDSM, bookworm, buddhist, butch, compassionate, dominant, dyke, empowered, faggy, female-bodied, female-born, feminist, femme-fucking, femme-loving, Green, genderqueer, gentleman, guy, hippie, intentional, introvert, kinky, lesbian, lover, meditator, metrosexual, open, pervert, poet, prettyboy, pro-label, queer, reclamation, romantic, sacred whore, sadist, sadomasochist, service top, sexsmith, sir, stud, sugarbutch, tantra, theorist, top, transbutch, transmasculine, vegetarian, yogi, wordsmith, writer |
What's yours? |
I ran into this Yay genderstats! fill-in-your-own-gender form from a Genderfork link a while ago, I think, but haven't been able to find it again – I wanted to give the link to the folks at the Northwestern University in Chicago when I did the F*cking with Gender workshop but didn't find the link. (I still have to write up the workshop notes and resources, which I've started, but haven't finished. Coming, I swear!)
The description says "There are exactly 939 options here, and a total of 4.6469×10282 or 4.6 trenovemgintillion possible combinations, more than there are elementary particles in the universe." Statistics for this project are also fascinating – 43% of the over 2,000 genderform labels generated included "female" or "intelligent," but only 6% included "butch." However, 12% included "femme" – twice as many as butch. Maybe if one added up ALL the femme-like words and ALL the transmasculine butch-like words, they'd be slightly more even, but I think it's interesting comparing just those two words. More people included "submissive" (21%) than "bottom" (18%), but that claiming those words are more common than "top" (13%) or "dominant" (16%).
Interesting! I mean that's not exactly a scientific study, but from my experience that is an accurate reflection of the queer communities.
Actually, recently I said I thought it was more common – from my experience only – to run into femmes who are tops, but I'm rethinking that now. (I think I just notice it in a different when a girl is a top, because it means we're probably not compatible in bed.) Maybe it's closer to 50/50.
Looking over the list of words, organized in alphabetical order and by frequency, I'm struck that though there are dozens (hundreds?) of words for gender, lots of things about religion and spirituality, lots of general terms for human emotional experiences, some for relationship orientation, but there are very little for class or race. Those things are highly influential to gender identities, too, and should be included, I think. I may just email the creator about that and suggest some additional sections or words.
Have you filled in your own gender/identity yet? I'm not sure my comments will let you paste the whole table into it and publish it accurately, but if you want to paste just the labels part into the comments, I'd be curious to see what other people list. Please share!
comment on this18 Comments
Not sure if this code will work in the comments box (fingers crossed)… but filling out the checkboxes was an interesting experience. Having said on record that I love labels I did actually find the checkboxes kind of constraining… like, sure some of these labels kinda fit, but hell NO am I giving that much away! Agreed that more options around race and class would be good. Also, the "butch-fucking" (right underneath "femme-fucking") checkbox sucked for this femme bottom. So I checked "butch-loving" instead… hmmm… would be nice if there were another (less 70s sounding) option somewhere in there…
I am
academic, activist, BDSM, babygirl, blonde, bottom, butch-loving, dyke, femme, freak, gender subversive, kinky, masochist, pro-sex feminist, queer, sex positive, snuggly, submissive, XX
maybe the submissives just keep taking it again, and again, and again… :)
I sat down with a cup of tea to do this and really reflect on me in terms of how I construct and perceive myself, it was really cool to sit and hold a mirror to myself in this way!
I'm gonna get my girlfriend and anyone else I can to do it -its much more insightful that the list of 20 question emails I keep getting sent about what colour my toothbrush is etc!
My labels:
activist, assertive, BDSM, bitch, bottom, butch-fucking, butch-loving, caring, drag king, dyke, Pagan, european, feline, female-bodied, female-souled, feminist, femme, gender expressive, genderfuck, girlfriend, glittery, hard femme, inclusive, intelligent, kinky, Ms., mediator, minx, northen english, passionate, Socialist, sex positive, survivor, switch, top, understanding, vegetarian, witch, working class, writer,
activist, assertive, bottom, butch-loving, drag king, effeminate, fabulous, fagdyke, female-bodied, feminist, gender fluid, grrl, homoflexible, human, intelligent, kinky, leftist, pansy, philosopher, pomosexual, prettyboy, pro-label, progressive, queer, radical, sex positive, shy, submissive, theorist, trans-loving, transfeminist, treehugger, twink
I am: androgynous, aunt, BDSM, bent, biogirl, bondage, bottom, bull dyke, bulldagger, butch, butch-fucking, butch-liking, butch-loving, butchdyke, chick, cisgender, congenital invert, crossdresser, curious, Democrat, daughter, dude, dyke, eccentric, effeminate, egalitarian, fag, fag hag, faggot, fangirl, female, female-bodied, female-born, freak, GLBT, gay, geek, genderqueer, genetic girl, genetic woman, gentleman, homoerotic, homosexual, kinky, knight, leather, leftist, liberal, libertarian, library dyke, little sister, Ms., male-souled, masochist, master, nelly, nerd, otter, pansy, pervert, pro-choice, queer, queer dyke, random, Socialist, sapphist, sir, sissy, socialist, stud, submissive, switch, transvestite, tribade, uranian, versatile, weird, wife, wimp, XX.
admirer, big sister, bisexual, blushy, bondage, bottom, butch-loving, caring, cerebral, femme-loving, full of love, full-on, introvert, kinky, man-loving, masochist, nerd, northern english, observant, passionate, polyamorous, pro-sex feminist, queerly straight, quiz whore, right-brained, romantic, sadomasochist, same sex different gender oriented, sapiosexual, sapphist, sensitive, service submissive, soft femme, sparkly, straightly queer, tall, tap dancing, trustworthy, vanilla, wife, witty, woman-loving, yes please!
I am: ALWAYS!, animal lover, big sister, biogirl, bisexual, cat, cat lover, cute, Democrat, daddy's grrl, daughter, female, female-bodied, flirt, gay-friendly, geek, genetic woman, girl lover, goddess, individual, intelligent, introvert, kinky, kitty, lover, open, polyamorous, polysexual, pro-choice, quiet, sex positive, sexy, submissive, unique, versatile, woman, XX
Love this!
I am: ally, babe, bitch, bottom, brunette, butch-fucking, butch-liking, butch-loving, diva, dyke, FTF, family, feminine, feminist, femme, flirt, full-time, gender euphoric, gender subversive, girly, glittery, grrl, high femme, kinky, leather, lesbian, library dyke, lovely, Ms., obsessed, powerful, queer, same sex different gender oriented, sex positive, slut, stealth, switch, teh gay, versatile, woman, YES!
Thanks for this, I was running out of ways to kill time at work. Now for the last 48 minutes…
FTWTF? Oh, acronym humor.
andro, androdyke, androgyne, androgynous, aunt, beautiful, boi, bottom, butch, butch-fucking, butch-loving, child, drag king, dyke, female, GLBTQIA, gender dysphoric, genderqueer, homo, introvert, kinky, leftist, lover, queer, queer dyke, shy, sir, submissive, transgender, uncle, XX
I don't think 'uncle' fits, haha.
Wednesday, June 3, 2009 at 1:40 pm
maybe the submissives just keep taking it again, and again, and again… :)
Don't know how to quote text with this comment system, but I laughed out loud at that.
This is cool!
ally, amorous, animal lover, BDSM, beautiful, big sister, biogirl, butch-fucking, butch-liking, butch-loving, chick, cisgender, complex, confused, daughter, dyke, female, femme, flirt, friend, gender liberationist, goddess, Green, heteroblivious, human, individual, intelligent, interested, kinky, lesbian, LGBTQI, liberal, library dyke, lover, masochist, monogamist, out, outspoken, passionate, privileged, pro-sex feminist, promiscuous, redhead, romantic, same sex different gender oriented, sapphist, sassy, sex positive, sexy, slut, socialist, student, submissive, survivor, switch, trans-amorous, treehugger, trustworthy, woman-loving
Hmmm… I have to say, I checked 'heteroblivious' because to me it seemed to refer to being oblivious of heterosexual culture, which I kind of think I am these days, despite having many straight friends. When they go on dates, I am simply bewildered by what they report has gone on – the strange, vague communication and bizarre, unconscious game-playing, etc. I just don't understand it. So I kind of think I'm heteroblivious. But then I thought it *could* mean a hetero person who is oblivious of other sexualities… which obviously is not me. Just so you know :-)
academic, ambiguous, autistic, bisexual, bitch, cat lover, creative, cute, dreamer, eccentric, feminist, geek, genderqueer, girl, ineffable, intelligent, introvert, kinky, leftist, library dyke, lovely, loving, nerd, oblivious, odd, passionate, peoplesexual, polycurious, princess, pro-choice, pro-gay, progressive, queer, quiet, quirky, quiz whore, redhead, romantic, sensitive, sex positive, switch, teh gay, undefined, weird, XY
My name is
lady brett
I am
activist, admirer, bottom, butch-loving, classic, conservative, drag king, dyke, fanboy, feminist, femme, flirt, gender defender, gentleman, girl, hairy, happy, indecisive, interested, kinky, lady, little sister, lover, nerd, progressive, queer, sex positive, shy, slut, soft, southern, submissive, tomboy, tomboy femme, treehugger, woman-lovingpart of me likes the idea of letting this stand alone – i like the fact that no matter how many words i put in my label it will still be ambiguous. even so, i feel the need to point out that "conservative" is not! a political stance for me, only a personality trait. thanks
also, i like that when it's ordered you get fun little identity phrases – i'm becoming quite fond of "fanboy feminist femme flirt"
Here goes nothing… :)
Alexandra Johnson is…
ALWAYS!, activist, admirer, adult, ally, animal lover, artsy, ask me, aunt, BDSM, bbw, beautiful, biogirl, bitch, blogger, blonde, bondage, bouncy, butch-fucking, caring, chapstick lesbian, chick, child, cisgender woman, complex, confidant, counselor, creature, cuddly, daddy's grrl, daughter, dog lover, dork, drag hag, dreamer, eclectic, extrovert, FABGLITTER, faerie, fag hag, fat dyke, fat femme, fellagirly, female-assigned, feminist, femme-fucking, femme-ish, flirty, freak, friendly, full of love, geek, gender blender, gender euphoric, gender liberationist, girlfag, goddess, harpy, homoemotional, homoerotic, human, indecisive, kinky, LGBTQIA, leather, little sister, lover, loving, Miss, ma'am, me, multifacetted, myself, niece, nymphomaniac, open, pansexual, passionate, pervert, polyamorous, polysnuggler, pro-choice, pro-gay, pro-sex feminist, queer, queersexual, quiz whore, ren fest fag, romantic, SOFFA, Socialist, sacred whore, sassy, self-defined, sensitive, sex educator, sex positive, sex radical, shapeshifter, sir, switch, trampy, trannychaser, trans-friendly, trans-loving, transtheorist, treehugger, unique, versatile, voyeuristic, wench, whole-brained, witch, writer, XXXXX
I was really indecisive. Some of them are kinda the same, should I select all of them? And just focused on gender and sexuality, let alone the other stuff.
My name is
My orientation is
ALWAYS!, andro, androdyke, bisexual, butch-ish, butch-loving, chick with a dick, cisgender, cisgender girl, cisgender woman, dominant, dude, fag hag, female, female-identified, feminine, femme, femmy, gay, gender atypical, gentleman, girl, girly, lady, ma'am, miss, mistress, nymphomaniac, pansexual, pervert, platonic, polyamorous, polysexual, queer, sapiosexual, sex positive, sir, slut, switch, trannychaser, versatile, woman, XX
activist, ally, ambiguous, andro, birl, boi, boy, boy with a vagina, boydyke, cat lover, complex, differently-gendered, effeminate, FTX, fabulous, fag, fagdyke, female-bodied, feminist, femmeboy, fluid, friendly, gay, gender outlaw, gender warrior, genderfuck, genderqueer, gentleman, human, nerd, open, other-gendered, out, pro-choice, queer, queer liberationist, quirky, radical, sex positive, sir, spiritual, survivor, switch, trannyboi, trannyfag, trans, trans entity, trans-loving, transboy, transfeminist, transgender, transmasculine, treehugger, trustworthy, Victor/Victoria, woman-loving, xxboy, YES!
My gender is…
activist, ally, ambiguous, androdyke, androgynous, beautiful, big sister, blonde, boy lover, boy with boobs, bull dyke, bulldagger, butch-liking, chapstick lesbian, commie, confidant, daughter, drag king, drag queen, drama queen, faggy, FT?, fanboy, female-bodied, female-born, feminist, gender liberationist, gender neutral, gender outlaw, genderqueer, gentleman, hippie, knight, leftist, masculine, non-op, queer, theater fag, tranny, trannychaser, transbutch, treehugger, Victor/Victoria, wannabe


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A United Nations committee meeting here has determined that two Baha'i shrines in Israel possess "outstanding universal value" and should be considered as part of the cultural heritage of humanity as a whole.
A Christian peace activist who spent 188 days as a hostage in Iraq has been jailed, assaulted and forcibly deported from Israel. Harmeet Sooden, a peace activist from New Zealand, was deported after four days imprisonment.
Bethlehem participants in a global week of church advocacy are inviting individuals and groups around the world to send them wishes and prayers for peace. Incoming emails will be shared with parishes, schools and organizations in Bethlehem and Jerusalem.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu will enter Gaza later this week to conduct a United Nations investigation into the killing of 19 Palestinian by Israeli shells in November 2006.
Ex-US President Jimmy Cater, now devoting his time to human rights and peace work, has condemned as a "crime" the treatment of people in Gaza.
A leading regional church figure says Christians in Palestine-Israel are living in a difficult situation, with some cases of Muslim-Christian tension. But talk of 'persecution' is exaggerated and the real task is to combat injustice.
As Israel marks its 60th anniversary this May, for Israelis and Palestinians the conflict and the suffering continues, says Ben White. He believes that this landmark is an important opportunity for Christian leaders around the world to add their voices to a special call for a justice-based peace.
As the 60th anniversary of the creation of the state of Israel approaches, Western church leaders are putting their names to a historic joint declaration calling for a just peace in Palestine/Israel. Desmond Tutu is among signatories.
A group of senior British development agencies, including Christian Aid and CAFOD, have said the humanitarian situation in Gaza is worse now than at any time since 1967 and have denounced Israel's "collective punishment" policy.
As US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice travels to meet Israeli and Palestinian leaders in the wake of the chaos occasioned by Israel's intervention in Gaza, senior US church figures have written calling for urgent action.


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Group by: Item type | No Grouping Jump to: Article | Book Section Number of items: 2. ArticleWarden, David and Cheyne, Bill and Christie, Donald and Fitzpatrick, Helen and Reid, Katie (2003) Assessing children's perceptions of prosocial and antisocial peer behaviour. Educational Psychology, 23 (5). pp. 547-567. ISSN 0144-3410 Book SectionWarden, David and Christie, D. and Fitzpatrick, H. and Reid, K. and Cheyne, B. (2001) Components of social competence in bullies, victims and prosocial children. In: Educational research in Europe yearbook. Leuven/ Apeldoorn: Garant, Belgium, pp. 397-412. ISBN 904411203-1 This list was generated on Sun Apr 26 08:33:09 2015 BST. |


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Multicultural flavors dominate the menu at French Quarter restaurant
While no streetcar runs down Chartres Street, chef Scott Boswell's Stella! in the lower east corner of New Orleans' French Quarter has evolved since 2001 into a place that incites culinary desire. Nestled down a small walkway next to the historic Provincial Hotel, Stella! has become part laboratory and part cathedral to modern cooking in the city known for its steeped-in-history Cajun and Creole cuisines. "Scott Boswell's campaign to make Stella! a restaurant that ...
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Leymah Gbowee, co-winner of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, loves small local initiatives that fight the problems of the world. So when she heard that ...More
February 10th, 2015
Leymah Gbowee, co-winner of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, loves small local initiatives that fight the problems of the world. So when she heard that a group of international students at a college in Virginia were raising funds for orphans of the Ebola plague in her native Li ...More
Ebola is frightening – terrifying even – but bowing to the fear that Ebola can produce invites additional unrest and cultural destruction in societies already reeling from recent civil wars. Instead, a lasting solution will emerge from tapping the resilience and resourcefulness of the people themselves. These are the messages being spread by alumni of the ...More
After spending the summer thousands of miles from her native Liberia and watching nervously from afar as Ebola swept through her country, sophomore Winifred Gray-Johnson wanted to take action when she returned to the Eastern Mennonite University campus. She never imagined that desire, born from hours of long-distance conversation with her family members and prayer over the sufferings of ...More
In a "State of Education" supplement published with its October 2014 issue, Virginia Living magazine listed Eastern Mennonite University among its picks for the top colleges and high schools in the state. The magazine mentioned several graduate peacebuilding programs offered by ...More
Somalia President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud topped off attendance at the historic U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit hosted by President Obama with a visit to Harrisonburg, Virginia, on Aug. 7, where he renewed 13-year-old ties with Eastern Mennonite Uni ...More
Instead of returning for EMU's "homecoming" celebration – always held over one weekend each October – degree-holding alumni of the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP) often show up for its annual Summer Peacebuilding Institute (SPI). And those SPI alumni who aren't aiming to earn a degree? Some of them just keep coming back yea ...More
Among the 200 people studying at the 2014 Summer Peacebuilding Institute (SPI) are eight Kenyan women in the Women's Peacebuilding Leadership Program (WPLP). Ranging in age from 23 to 51, the women come from across Kenya and work for a variety of NGOs or in academia. Now in its third year, ...More
What started in the mid-1990s as a series of lunches where those working in the peacebuilding field could exchange ideas on theories and practice has grown into a world-renowned institute for peacebuilding and development professionals, without losing its emphasis on relationship building. The annual Summer Peacebuilding Institute (SPI) now consists of fo ...More
As she boarded the first flight of her globe-circling journey, Jayne Docherty, PhD, program director at EMU's Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP), carried a clutch of certificates she would present to the inaugural cohort of graduates in an innovative peace-training program. All w ...More
In Olga Hamadi's line of work as a human rights lawyer in West Papua, death threats are common. Violence and human rights violations are plentiful and sorely overlooked, Hamadi said, and police and military personnel who victimize her clients often turn the blame on her. While there are many lawyers in West Papua – one of two Indonesian provinces on the Southwest Pacific isla ...More


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What Does "Copyfight" Mean?
Copyfight, the Solo Years: April 2002-March 2004
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Posted by Alan Wexelblat
To begin with, you should know that Phipps is himself a strong proponent of open source development (his column is called "Open Sources", for example) and a recent opponent of software patents in part because they interfere with open-source development. So when he says there might be something good in the legislation we already have around software patenting my eyebrows tend to go up.
According to Phipps, the working paper titled "Software Patents and the Return of Functional Claiming" from Lemley (SSRN link here) will propose that the problem with software patents is what lawyers tend to call "claim construction." That is, the problem is not with what's being patented (software) but with the things to which the patent is supposed to grant a monopoly. Badly constructed (overbroad) claims attempt to protect not the (software) machine, nor the steps (algorithm) it performs but the result of executing those steps on that machine - the goal.
This is immediately interesting to me, as it neatly sidesteps my number-one objection to abolishing software patents - the Church-Turing hypothesis issue. In fact, what Lemley appears to be saying is exactly what I'd expect Church-Turing to say: you can patent a machine but in doing so you're not protecting that machine's products.
Lemley's argument (and I haven't read the paper yet, so take this for what it's worth) is that the USPTO is not correctly applying the already existing Patent Act of 1952 and if in fact the Office would do that, then it would reject these patents with overbroad claims, or at least force patent applicants to redraw their claims more narrowly. That wouldn't immediately solve everything, not least of which are the ongoing problems with disgracefully shoddy lack of prior art inclusion in software patents and the pervasive confusion over sections 101 vs 103 of the law. But it would be a huge step forward.
One final caveat to keep in mind here: Lemley's thesis is in a "working paper". That means it hasn't yet been subjected to the kinds of critical review that more formal publication might require. I suspect we'll see people who believe that Lemley is misinterpreting the 1952 Act. Still, it's a blessing to have fresh ideas for improving the situation, particularly ideas that don't require radical reforms or rafts of new legislation.
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In God We Trust Group
For five years, Tenneh has been selling dry fish and palm oil in the Stephen Tolbert Estate on the Somalia drive in Paynesville. She sells good products and has a friendly manner which keeps customers returning.
She plans to use her 6,000 Liberian dollar portion of this group loan to buy more fish and oil. Her goal is to grow her business to a shop and to live a better life.
In the photo that accompanies this profile, Tenneh is holding a sign.
About LEAP:
The Local Enterprise Assistance Program (LEAP) is Liberia's largest and oldest continuously operating microfinance institution, with 13 branches across the country. Founded in 1994, the non-profit organization has survived periods of civil war and severe socio-economic hardship. LEAP seeks to help rebuild post-conflict Liberia through its group and individual loans to micro- and small-scale entrepreneurs, and puts emphasis on lending to women.
Additional Information
Note on LEAP:
During routine partner monitoring, Kiva learned that LEAP's delinquency data may be understated due to technical problems with their reporting software. Because this report is key to our analysis of the risk of this partner, delinquency or default rates on loans to this partner may be higher than we expect. For further details, see LEAP's partner page on Kiva.This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
Kiva's Field Partners typically feature one borrower from a group. The loan description, sector, and other attributes for a group loan profile are determined by the featured borrower's loan. The other members of the group are not required to use their loans for the same purpose.
About Liberia
0View loans »
Success!! The loan was 100% repaid
- Repayment Term
- 6 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Feb 26, 2010
- Listed
- Mar 5, 2010
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Ended:
- Aug 15, 2010


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