text:
Kent Street, Timaru hedgehog 10 January 2009. Here is a
hedgehog spotted crossing the road in Timaru. We very seldom do you see them
during the day.
Another hedgehog in
Marchwiel, April 5 2009, a Timaru suburb within 5000' of the Kent St. hedgehog.
2010 Jan. Hedgehogs are about (poos on the path) but I haven't seen any.
Arrival in Canterbury - 1881
The Star Monday 19 December 1881
[Timaru Herald, 20 December 1881, Page 2 from the Press Dec.
Arrived Lyttelton, Dec. 17 - Waimate, ship, 1124 tons, Mosey, from
London (Sep. 5). NZ Shipping Co. agents.
The Waimate, Captain B. Mosey, arrived from London on Saturday evening
after a ninety-one days' passage from cast off from the Channel tug to
anchorage. The ship brings 68 passengers, two horses, six sheep, besides some
ducks, hedgehogs and dogs.
Timaru Herald, 15 September 1883, Page 3
Yesterday Mr Anderson, a farmer at Pleasant Point, was clearing some gorse in
his orchard, when he came across a heap of straw, etc. thinking it was a rat's
nest, he kicked it, when out rolled a hedgehog. It is fine grown, and perfectly
tame. We should like to know whether anyone can give information as to how it
got there, as we have never heard of any being imported.
I am, &c, GORHAM LAMBEBT.
Pleasant Point, Sept. 18th 1883.
Timaru Herald, 18 September 1883, Page 3 THE HEDGEHOG MYSTERY.
To the editor of the Timaru Herald, Sir — Seeing a letter and also a local in
your columns of Saturday, 15th instant, as to the finding of a hedgehog by Mr R.
Anderson, farmer, Pleasant Point, I went over to see the hedgehog found, which
proved to be the pet one I lost some fourteen weeks ago. The said hedgehog was
brought out from England some three yours ago by a gentleman to Christchurch.
After passing through several people's hands there, a friend of mine purchased
him. After having him a short time he forwarded him to me, and after I had him a
short time, some of the boys went to feed him and carelessly left the door of
his pen open, so he quietly disappeared. Thinking he was about the place, I did
not raise any alarm, as I felt sure that I should find him somewhere about the
farm again. The place from where he escaped to where he was found is about a
mile distant...
I am, &c, W. Stonyer, Jun.
Walton Mills, Pleasant Point, Sept. 17th, 1883.
Timaru Herald, 26 September 1883, Page 3 HEDGEHOGS.
To the editor of the Timaru Herald, — As I am the only person who has imported
hedgehogs to New Zealand, I was interested in noticing your paragraph about one
having been found at Pleasant Point, and that its presence there could not be
accounted for. I received six from England in December 1881, and turned them out
into my garden, but they soon strayed away ; — at least they disappeared, and
the remains of one, the only female, was all that we could find of them.
Although they stray much farther than one would suppose such a small animal was
capable of doing, I think it is an impossibility that one could have travelled
from Christchurch to Pleasant Point, and therefore, if the one found there
belongs to my lot, it must have been taken by some one who had found it near my
I am, &c., Robert Wilkin, Christchurch, 24th Sept., 1883.
Outside Christchurch, hedgehogs were first reported at Maungati in 1907, Peel Forest in 1910-14, Bluecliffs (South Canterbury) in 1915-16, Kaikoura in 1933 and Darfield in 1937.
Possums still top the list of creatures found dead on the roads, even though
hundreds more of them were being killed a decade earlier. In 2011 the NZ possum
fur industry had an economic value of $100 million dollars. Apparently trappers
"pluck 'em and chuck 'em". Possum Merino fibre is turned into jerseys and vests,
really warm, but remember the garment will stretch and possum fur is longer if
collected in the winter months. Tanned pelts can be turned into leather goods.
Currently, 2011, a hunter receives $20 for a large first grade pelt and $14 for
a large second grade pelt.
The Tin Shed at the Rangitata turnoff
from SH1 to Geraldine, Hwy79, 1km down the road.
The Giant Jersey, Geraldine
Roadkill - the Australian opossum, on the road at
Peel Forest, 1st Nov. 2009. Possums and ferrets can carry bovine
tuberculosis which affects cattle and deer herds.
Press, 5 August 1893, Page 7
Opossums at Geraldine. Mr A. E. Hawkins, a member of the Geraldine
Acclimatisation Society, liberated three pairs of opossums in the Geraldine Bush
yesterday afternoon.
Press, 26 April 1894, Page 6
The following is an abstract of the annual report of the Geraldine
Acclimatisation Society. Licenses were sold to the amount of £148 12s 6d, being
an increase of £14 7s 6d as compared with last year. The heaviest item of
expenditure is £100 for rangers. The credit balance is £225 7s 6d. A phieasantry
has been erected in Victoria park, but the birds have not done as well as was
anticipated. Twenty-four opossums have been liberated in various parts of the
county. The sum of £25 9d was expended on the following seeds :—Perpetuated
hybrid red chaff wheat, white variety; selected Hunter's, perpetuated white
chaff red wheat, perpetuated April wheat, perpetuated winter barley, giant
winter rye, winter oats, pedigree chevalier barley, perpetuated Goldthorpe
barley, perpetuated black Tartar and white Tartarian oats, perpetuated Waterloo
oats and Scotch potato oats. In addition to above the Council obtained half a
hundredweight each of the Kidney Vetch and Trifolum incarnatum, thirty pounds of
Seradella, twenty pounds of Thousand headed Kale, and three bushel, of Blue
Lupins. Small quantities of each are procurable on application to the Secretary
by anyone desirous of giving the seeds a trial. The Council liberated three
thousand fontimalis fry in the Ohapi Creek and a number of perch given by the
Canterbury Society were placed in the Albury streams.
Otago Daily Times 2 January 1904, Page 12
The overseer of the Geraldine Town Board found two more opossums floating in the
reservoir last Thursday. They were scarcely dead when he fished them out, and
they were fine, plump animals, which had apparently thrived well in the
Geraldine Bush. It is believed that there are hundreds of opossums in the
Geraldine Bush at the present time, all descendants of pair liberated some years
ago by Mr Hawkins, on behalf of the Acclimatisation Society. It was wondered at
the time whether the animals would thrive in Geraldine, but, judging by the
number already accounted for they must have got along very well.
Colonist, 3 March 1906, Page 4
Opossums are becoming all too plentiful at Geraldine, and by reason of the
damage they do, especially to gardens, it is hoped (says the "Timaru Post") that
the prohibition against killing them will be removed by the Government.
OUT FOR THE COUNT - roadkills - end of January - 1st week in April
Timaru to Woodbury /Tripp Settlement/ Orari Bridge day trip -51kms | 2010 - Feb. 1st week | 2011- Jan. 31 | 2012- Jan. 28 | 2013 1st week in March | 1st April 2014 | March 2015 | Total |
Hedgehogs | 4 | 2 (one was a baby) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 | |
Sparrows | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||
Magpies | 2 | 2 | |||||
Starlings | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
Rabbits | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||
Cats | 1 | 1 | 1 (black, big, nr Geraldine) | 3 | |||
Possum | 1 (very squashed) | 1 | |||||
Unidentified birds | 2 | 1 | 2 (squashed) | 5 | |||
Unidentified squashed animals | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | |||
Was surprised to find no possums on the Woodbury Rd like there usually is. | Not much this year. Not even a possum up the Woodbury Road. | Very
sparse both ways this year. |
No possums, alas. Low tally due to roadworks Washdyke - to Temuka and Winchester -Geraldine. | 1 squashed hedgehog near Geraldine/Woodbury turn off and 1 rabbit on Woodbury Rd. Nothing on SH1 |
Roadkill stats: one hare or rabbit on Sunday, 7th Feb. 2009, Tuesday, 9th, one hedgehog, around Temuka.
Possum road kill end of April 2014, in Geraldine, opposite
Todd Park.
Road kill counts in nature studies
The Dominion Post 20/04/2009
Two scientists have been flat out on a road trip - logging road kill victims.
The 1660-kilometre squashed-critter rally gave a valuable insight into animal
population trends, uncovering a mysterious drop in the numbers of squashed
hedgehogs and possums. "We wanted to show that road counts are a useful and
relatively cheap way of measuring changes in the abundance of some animals," the
scientist said. He and colleague completed road kill missions in 1984, 1994 and
2005, driving 1660 kilometres from Lower Hutt to Northland and back. The results
of their 2005 study have been published in the latest New Zealand Journal of
Zoology. "One of us drove while one recorded our combined observations in a
notebook. Most animals were readily identifiable, but we turned back
occasionally to examine puzzling remains."
Analysis at Victoria University showed roads carrying more than 3000 vehicles a
day were a barrier to mammals, with less busy roads proving to be actually more
dangerous. The 2005 results were compared with similar surveys dating back to
1949. They showed a recent drop in hedgehog numbers, with just 21 found compared
with 112 in 1984. The hedgehog population has nose-dived since the 1950s. They
used to be 40 times more abundant here than any other place in the world. Now
they're about as abundant as the United Kingdom. The reason for the fall in
hedgehog numbers was unknown, but mirrored a similar drop in Britain. Possum
numbers fell from 602 in 1994 to 243 in 2005. Their numbers had fluctuated over
time, with the population slowly moving north. We got evidence of possums
spreading into the last corner of the North Island up near Kaitaia. The fall
could be a result of more money being spent on possum control, the study said.
The most common squashed mammals were possums, hedgehogs and rabbits, with fewer
cats, hares, ferrets and stoats. Fewer birds were recorded, and only harrier
hawks, pukekos and magpies were spotted regularly. One of the more unusual finds
was an adventurous eel whose wandering had proved fatal.
The five most common North Island road kill victims in 2005 over a distance of
1660 kilometres on North Island roads.
Possum 243
Rabbit 123
Hedgehog 21
Magpie 9
Cat, Hare, Pukeko 5
Where have all the hedgehogs gone?
Hedgehogs are disappearing only from the North Island. Down the South Island
there seem to be as many hedgehogs as ever. The Conservation Department has
trapped thousands of hedgehogs in Otago and South Canterbury and we've counted
plenty on the highway that runs between Kaikoura and Dunedin. The
Encyclopedia of New Zealand says that hedgehogs were introduced here from
Britain as a sort of garden helper and soon numbered more here than in their
homeland, but it has been reported recently that numbers are down in both
countries and no one knows why.
An urban hedgehog and baby December 2010. Cute!
Feilding Star, 9 February 1915, Page 2
A resident of Timaru had a curious experience recently. Being disturbed on
Sunday night by a scampering noise, as of something in one of the rooms, he got
a carpenter to explore, the result being that a nest of hedgehogs was discovered
underneath the buildings—two old hedgehogs and three young ones.
Pest facts Hedgehog distribution
Trapping Programmes - Predators
The trapping programme was launched in 2005. In 2013 there were 1,400 traps and
more than 10,700 predators have been caught to March 2013. Feral cats remain a
Year | to date end 2006 | 2009 | to date end 2009 | 2010 | 2011 Ohau River 7mths | Year ending March 2013 |
Hedgehogs | 1088 | 530 | 3393 | 583 | 198 | 863 |
Stoats | 506 | 332 | 1802 | 231 | 22 | 243 |
Cats | 203 | 160 | 669 | 180 | 265 | |
Ferrets | 199 | 43 | 413 | 49 | 218 | |
Opossums | 94 | 29 | 361 | 28 | 6 | |
Weasels | 34 | 1 | 107 | 6 | 3 | |
Rats | 2 | 16 | 5 | 11 | ||
Norway rats | 6 | 6 | ||||
Total | 2124 | 1097 | 6767 | 1082 | 530 in 400+ traps |
Pockets of rabbits attracted predators such as cats and stoats. Cat numbers are quite scary because the cats became quite cunning and were difficult to catch once they became wary of a trap. It important to reduce cats, stoats and ferrets at the same time as reducing rabbit numbers. If the rabbits get down a bit in number the other predators then target the native birds even more.
Pests introduced: Clearing valley of
predators 28 July 2006 Timaru Herald
Predator control
in the Tasman Valley continues. Over the last month the Department of
Conservation has continued to trap cats, stoats, ferrets, weasels, Norway rats,
hedgehogs and possums. DOC rangers check more than 1000 predator traps. To date
the rangers have caught 203 cats, 199 ferrets, 1088 hedgehogs, 506 stoats, 34
weasels, 6 Norway rats and 94 possums for more than 16 months and by reducing
predator numbers in the Tasman Valley area DOC hopes birds such as kaki/ black
stilts, wrybills and black-fronted terns as well as lizards and wetas will be
able to flourish in the area.
Where stoats are dwelling in a forest environment, their most frequent prey are birds.
DOC catching more predators
The Timaru Herald 11/4/2009
Stoats, rats, possums and other predators are being caught in increasing numbers
in the Mackenzie Basin, according to the Conservation Department. Twizel
biodiversity manager said DOC had trapped more than 5000 predators in the Tasman
Valley since February 2005, including 327 possums, 2537 hedgehogs and 1246
stoats. "We have about 1100 individual traps in the area, including
wire-nettings and kill-traps. But I'm not surprised at the large numbers we have
caught, as we're dealing with a huge area nearly 20,000 hectares." He said
stoats and hedgehogs were a big problem. "Hedgehogs will eat birds' eggs,
beetles, weta and grasshoppers, while some have even managed to prey on
lizards," Mr Nelson said. "Stoats are incredibly adaptive. They eat a similar
diet to the hedgehogs but will prey on young chicks and nesting adults as well."
He said DOC had adopted a variety of new methods near Lake Tasman, including
Conibear traps, which have been used in Canada to catch large predators. Mr
Nelson said breeding numbers for native riverbed bird species had increased as a
The Timaru Herald 14/5/2010
2009 figures by DOC Twizel. Trapped included two rats, one weasel, 29 possums,
160 cats, 43 ferrets, and 332 stoats and 530 hedgehogs. "They are a bit of
an underrated predator," DOC ranger said. They don't predate just on birds
nests, but they also regularly feed on lizards and invertebrates. DOC has put in
more than 1000 predator traps surrounding the braided river bird habitat where
species such as kaki/black stilt, wrybill and black-fronted tern reside. Ferrets
are still coming up around the edges of Lake Pukaki. Since March, 2005, DOC have
caught more than 6700 predators, including 16 rats, 107 weasels, 361 possums,
669 cats, 413 ferrets, 3393 hedgehogs and 1802 stoats.
Predators in the Mackenzie Basin: Their Diet, population
dynamics and impact on birds. March 1987
report - Tekapo River. Conclusion- a predator guild dominated by ferrets,
cats and harriers is less harmful to birds of riverbeds and wetlands, than one
in which stoats are dominant. Poisoning of rabbits lead to increase pressure on
nesting birds. Rabbits were actively hunted by ferrets and cats, appeared to
provide a buffer to predation. Predation pressure on birds was lowest during the
recovery of rabbit populations.
2011 Twizel Conservation Department set more than 400 predator traps within a
kilometre radius in the Ohau River near Twizel as part of the Project River
Recovery. 530 predators have been trapped within the last seven months,
including 218 ferrets, 198 hedgehogs, 22 stoats, 11 rats, three weasels and six
possums. Ferrets had become particularly prevalent due to the increase in rabbit
Hedgehogs were another particularly prevalent pest, one of the worst for nesting
birds. They prey on nests and eggs, and can get into a lot of small areas.
Timaru Herald 6/09/2014
The Department of Conservation mass opening of 570 traps in the Tasman Valley in
May netted 114 feral cats and two weeks in late August, resulted in 14 feral
cats being caught. Traps were left open for 10 days during that period. The
traps also catch ferrets, hedgehogs, stoats, weasels and possums. Once caught,
the animals are dispatched humanely.
In 1987 DOC was born out of the ashes
of the Forest Service, Lands and Survey Department, the Wildlife Service and the
national parks portion of Internal Affairs. The Raukapuka area office in
Geraldine territory covers, from the mountains to the sea, the area from the
Waitaki to the Rakaia River, up to Mt Dobson in the south, and in the north as
far inland as the top of the Southern Alps. A balance between bureaucracy and
on-the-ground work. Health and safety it's still a focus. We've got people out
there climbing in and out of helicopters, using chainsaws, walking around
mountains doing stuff. .
Twizel predator count
night raiders
DOC masher
The Henry
Trapping programme Banks Peninsula
A baby hedgehog in Timaru taken on 1 March 2011 at 3.33pm.
It is tiny when you compare it with the fence palings. The young are independent
after seven weeks. Hedgehogs are a pest. They can't be trapped in winter because
they hibernate. They eat anything including native birds' eggs, beetles, weta,
grasshoppers, lizards and frogs.
Often found walking along tracks in the bush.
Hedgehogs tuck their head in and roll up into a ball when
The weasel
The weasel family or Mustelids is a family of carnivorous mammals. In 1877, farmers in New Zealand demanded that ferrets be introduced into the country to control the rabbit population, which was also introduced. Concern was raised that ferrets would eventually prey on indigenous wildlife once rabbit populations dropped, and this is exactly what happened to New Zealand bird species which previously had no mammalian predators. Colonies of feral ferrets have established themselves in areas where there is no competition from similarly sized predators. It has been illegal to sell, distribute or breed ferrets in New Zealand since 2002 unless certain conditions are met. Stoats were also introduced into the South Island in 1884 control rabbits and hares despite warnings from scientists and ornithologist in New Zealand and Britain. In the old days many stations employed permanent rabbiters and kids used ferrets to catch rabbits. The flightless takahe was considered extinct for 50 years till 1948, when Geoffrey Orbell discovered a small population in the Murchison Mountains. A flourishing stoat population cut the wild takahe population in the remote Murchison Mountains by 38 per cent from an estimated 160 to around 100 in 2007. The rise in stoat numbers was caused by a big seed drop from beech trees last autumn. "The rats feed on the seeds, and the stoats feed on the rats." The Government took action, passing a new Rabbit Nuisance Act in 1882, and stoats and weasels were imported two years later to stop the spread of the rabbit. Ferrets mainly ate rabbits and the population in the Mackenzie Basin was probably slowly increasing alongside rabbit numbers was outside the trap area. Less wary (on guard) than stoats, ferrets could often be seen on the road at night feeding on road kill but it is unusual to see them in daylight. Ferrets are were often spotted in riverbeds.
Timaru Herald, 27 October 1876, Page 2
George Grey's ''Noxious Animals Introduction Prevention Bill" is, we suppose,
aimed at the Bill brought down in consequence of the Report of the Rabbit
Nuisance Committee. That Report recommends, amongst other things, the employment
of weasels as the best means of keeping the teeming swarms of rabbits within
bounds compatible with sheep farming; Sir George Grey's Bill prohibits under
terrible penalties the introduction or setting at at large of foxes, polecats,
stoats or weasels ; and so far seems to contemplate the encouragement of the
rabbit nuisance.
Marlborough Express, 21 April 1885, Page 3 AN ANTI-FERRET TESTIMONY.
The Naturalist, a periodical of natural history for the North of England, edited
by Messrs W. D. Roebuck, F.L.S., and W. E. Clarke, F.L.S., in a recent issue
regrets that Mr Allbones, of Brigg, has succeeded in landing nearly a hundred
stoats and weasels in New Zealand, and is introducing further shipments. The
journal, which is widely circulated and much read in scientific circles at Home,
says :— " In this matter the New Zealand Government — which are otherwise noted
for their liberality and sound judgment in matters scientific— have made a great
mistake. The fauna of New Zealand is so peculiar and so interesting that it
behoves that Government to do everything in their power to preserve it. The
result of the importation of such blood thirsty little creatures will probably
be disastrous to the native fauna. Their introduction seals, in all probability,
the fate of such interesting but helpless creatures as the apteryx, the owl,
parrot, and other wingless birds, which cannot but fall an easy prey to the new
marauders. The mistake has been made before in New Zealand ; the rabbits which
were formerly imported are now a complete pest, and over-run the whole of the
colony, and it is to mitigate this pest that a fresh one is to be introduced. We
trust that every New Zealander who values the integrity of the indigenous faunas
will protest his utmost, and that the eyes of the Government may be opened
before it is too late to remedy the evil. Doubtless we shall hear in a few years
that the New Zealanders are at their wit's end to devise means for getting rid
of weasels."
Timaru Herald
Christchurch, August 16 1889
The Aorangi brought a consignment of about 2000 weasels, which are
consigned to the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company.
The Star June 3 1884 page 2. The Doric, which sails for Auckland and southern ports to-day, takes out about 1000 stoats and weasels, which have been trapped in various parts of Lincolnshire by a man named Allbones, a professional vermin catcher, who accompanies his pets to their destination. This man started with a similar number of "rabbit exterminators" last year, but they were all washed overboard in a gale save ten. The food for the present consignment consists of 1500 live pigeons, who in their turn are likely to eat about £28 worth of grain. Allbones receives 5s a-piece for every weasel or stoat he traps, but they have cost more than £1 a-piece before they are set free in New Zealand.
Taranaki Herald, 11 November 1884, Page 2
I read in the Wanganui Chronicle the other day that a Mr. Allbones was
going to bring out 200 toads and weasels to New Zealand, and the Chronicle
sensibly said it is to be hoped they will be all bones when they get here.
Timaru Herald, 31 October 1894, Page 4
Mr Clarke reminded the meeting that the Lincolnshire farmers had complained of
the ravages of rats and mice, which multiplied because the stoats and weasels
were caught for export to New Zealand.
North Otago Times, 19 May 1887, Page 4 An interview with Mr Allbones.
"They are always travelling, are stoats, and they will catch a hare. The hare
can never get away from them, though she runs through hedges, and they bite down
through the top of the head till they kill her, and they never take more than
just the blood."
"Hard weather kill them in the ranges ? Not much. We get snow at Home that lies
for weeks, and melts and freezes till it is all ice. But you don't find stoats
and weasels the scarcer for it."
Our reporter asked about the number imported. "My son has brought over five
shipments," said Mr Allbones, making 1160 stoats and weasels, and there is
another shipment for Mr Rich, of Bushy Park, I think, of which most were
drowned. For a shipment of 300 you want 4000 pigeons to be used on the voyage,
and that would give you an idea of the way they would destroy the rabbits where
they were thick. I had to go to Antwerp for the pigeons— couldn't have got them
in England for anything like a reasonable price— and I bought them there 8d a
piece easily enough. But they'd have thought I was crazed I'd asked for that
number at home. They would come to about 10d a piece with the shipping charges."
Mr Allbones says the stoats cost about 6s each in the Old Country, and the
weasels about 5s.
Evening Express 22 January 1897 (Third Edition)
Welsh Newspaper Online
Some years ago stoats, weasels, and ferrets were introduced into New Zealand
with a view to exterminating the rabbits. Instead of this, however, they have
themselves increased so greatly as to become almost as serious a pest as the
rabbits. They do an immense amount of mischief among the lambs, and one farmer
in Timaru recently had four lambs killed by these animals in one night, while
five more were destroyed in the next few days.
FERRETS - Unwanted Imports.
19 August 2006 Timaru Herald
New Zealand now has the dubious
record of having the most introduced mammals for a land this size. The record is
dubious, as quite a number of these are pests, either damaging plants or
wrecking havoc on our native wildlife. The worst of the predators are the three
species of mustelids; stoats, ferrets and weasels. Until recently the South
Canterbury Museum did not have any examples of these creatures, but thanks to
some recent donations all this has changed, with specimens being brought in by
members of the public. Recently the museum's total number of ferrets went from
zero to five within two days. Three mounted specimens originally caught in the
Mackenzie country were donated by one family, with a further two fresh specimens
brought in the following day to be housed in the museum freezer until they could
be mounted. Ferrets are the largest of the three mustelid species, reaching to
over 500mm in length. They are easily distinguished from stoats and weasels by
the larger size and colouration, with most individuals having a cream coloured
coat with darker edging patches around the shoulders and head. Lighter forms and
pink-eyed pale albinos are not uncommon. Ferrets were imported to New Zealand,
along with stoats and weasels, in a misguided attempt to control the plagues of
introduced rabbits that erupted in the 19th Century. Ferrets were released in
large numbers from the 1880s. However, by the 1930s, their ineffectiveness as
rabbit predators and their effect on other species was noted, and they were
themselves declared a pest species. The ferrets found in New Zealand are
descended from a domesticated form of the European polecat (Mustelo putorious).
Polecats have been domesticated since Roman times, and have developed into the
more domesticated ferret. This long association with humans is shown in New
Zealand in that wild ferrets have proven relatively easy to tame, revealing
their domesticated origin. In New Zealand, ferrets occur over much of the drier
parts of the South Island and lower and central North Island. Studies have
revealed that they prefer small mammals as prey, particularly young rabbits and
rodents. However, they also take small birds, lizards and larger native
invertebrates. New Zealand now has the largest known population of wild ferrets
in the world. Whatever we might think of them, ferrets are now part of our
fauna, along with more than 45 other introduced species of mammal.
Southland Times 1 July 1882, Page 2 Natural Enemies of the Rabbit.
The Timaru Herald supports the action of the Government in taking steps
to secure for rabbit districts a supply of ferrets, weasels, and polecats, and
mentions that one sheepowner in that district has been breeding ferrets and
turning them loose for years past, and has pretty nearly succeeded by that means
alone, in destroying the, rabbits on his run, where, previously, they swarmed in
myriads. Our contemporary fancies, however, that ferrets are not by any means
the best of their family for this purpose. They are not hardy, and they kill
more for food than for the mere love of killing. Weasels, stoats, and polecats,
on the other hand, can stand any climate, and their destructive propensity is
insatiable. The weasel is said to be the most bloodthirsty of all animals, its
love of slaughter having apparently no connection with the mere vulgar craving
for food. The ferret is like a brigand, who murders a traveller for his purse ;
but the weasel is like a conqueror, who slays his thousands for glory, and goes
on slaying till he is too old to slay any more, or till he gets knocked on the
head himself.
Timaru Herald, 26 September 1887, Page 3
To Editor of the Timaru Herald. Sir, In your report of Mr Rhodes'
meeting at Pleasant Valley, you state that questions of an unimportant character
were asked. I consider that one question; I asked was very important, namely,
would Mr Rhodes be in favour of some of the large sheep runs being cut up into
section of sufficient area to carry 1000 sheep and to let these sections by
auction. Every candidate talks of economy and retrenchment, but not one
candidate in twenty gives you a new idea how to retrench. Now here is one, and
yet you say it is unimportant. I stated my ideas on this subject at Sir Rhodes'
meeting, namely, that it would be the means of introducing a new class of
settlers, would increase the revenue of the country by the additional rent,
would increase the products which the same country is now producing, would ; be
the best means of stopping the rabbit pest, as population which would be
increased is the best means of destroying the rabbits ; therefore not only
adding to the revenue of the country but decreasing the colonial expenditure by
doing away with the cost of rabbit inspectors. It is only a few months ago since
nearly all my fowls, say 100, were destroyed by three ferrets. How they got here
I have never been able to make out ; fortunately my dogs killed them. A few days
ago one of my neighbours observed his sheep disturbed, and found on one of them
a black ferret, hanging to its neck, and with the greatest difficulty was that
ferret removed. Why if we continue to import weasels, stoats, and ferrets,
instead of people to exterminate rabbits the country will be overrun with vermin
in place of sheep, and the Timaru Herald says that it in unimportant.
My opinion is this, is New Zealand of any value or is it valueless? An Act was
passed in 1885 dealing with the sheep runs in New Zealand, but what is there to
prevent this Act being repealed. No candidate appeal to speak freely about the
sheep runs. Look at Otago, the greater portion of the sheep runs have become
valueless, but I suppose it's unimportant. I am, &c, William Upton Slack,
Woodside, September 20th. [The Timaru Herald never said that the
subject was unimportant, though it appears that our Pleasant Valley
correspondent, regarded it of unimportance in comparison with some other
questions which were discussed on the occasion of Mr Rhodes' speech. Ed. T.H.]
Timaru Herald, 17 August 1889, Page 3
Some time ago a circular was sent to the inspectors and sub-inspectors of the
stock department asking a series of questions, the replies to which have been
published in a Parliamentary paper. Shooting, hunting with dogs, digging out,
netting, trapping, fumigating with bisulphide of carbon, hand-working ferrets,
clearing scrub, poison (phosphorised grain), liberating ferrets, stoats and
weasels, flooding low lands from water races, erection of rabbit proof fencing.
Have you any recommendations to make ? — Continue, bonus to Maoris for skins
taken on native lands; enforce sole of absentees lands to repay cost of clearing
them of rabbits. Encourage introduction of the "natural enemy," especially the
stoat. Turn out more ferrets. Turn out cats, stoats, weasels and ferrets. Forbid
trapping on large estates for the purpose of supplying factories. Forbid
trapping where the natural enemy has been turned out. Prosecute persons killing
or capturing the natural enemy. Include wire netting among "legal" fences.
Ferrets and nest should be used instead of traps. Include wire netting among
"legal" fences. Ferrets and nets should be used instead of traps. Gorse fences
should be better kept and gorse prevented from spreading, it is one of the
greatest harbours of the pest. Stop trapping and hunting with dogs, rely on
natural enemies. Improve the facilities for procuring properly mixed poison.
What progress has there been made? — Fifteen officers report decreases in the
number of rabbits: three report increases — in North Wairarapa,
Marlborough-Nelson, and Ohau Pukaki. Quantity of phosphorus used for Government
purposes? — Total at eleven stations, 678lbs, (95lbs at Pukaki).
Quantity sold to private persons? — Total at five stations,402lbs, and 277
phosphorised grain. Quantity on hand 31st March -Total 235lbs at twelve
stations (1751bs at Pukaki Ferry).
Number of prosecutions — 81.
Number of convictions — 72.
Number of ferret breeders — 64.
Number of ferrets turned out by Government — 4768 (183 between Pukaki and
Ohau; 1363 Pukaki and Ohau ; 1363 Oamaru district)— results satisfactory.
Number turned out by private persons — 6669 ferrets, 130 weasels and stoats;
ferrets doing good, stoats and weasels showing little result.
Wild cats are reported to be doing good work in the King Country, and in the
Lumsden district. Several inspectors condemn trapping and netting for factories,
as tending to preserve rather than diminish the pest. South Canterbury Rabbit
Fence.— The completed portion of this fence— about forty six miles— has proved
an effectual check to the advance of the rabbit and it is now placed beyond all
doubt that the fence, the whole of which will be completed in June, will save
Canterbury from the Otago rabbits, if it is carefully supervised.
Star 7 September 1886, Page 3
It is alleged that a lamb has been killed at Stoke by a stoat. One stoat was
captured at Stoke, though none have been liberated nearer than Marlborough.
Ellesmere Guardian, 29 November 1927,
Page 4
Stoats appear to be rapidly on the increase along the Rakaia river bed. Besides
killing a considerable number of rabbits, they account for a good many quail,
particularly at this time of the year when the birds are breeding. A shooter
destroyed a stoat the other day when it was about to kill a quail. For some
reason or other the bird elected to run instead of making its escape by flying.
It is said that both weasels and stoats prefer feathered game to rabbits or
Hedgehogs are a prickly problem
Prickly problem uncovered
The Press 22/04/2009
The humble hedgehog has been outed as public conservation enemy No 1 near the
Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park. More than half of the 5029 predators caught over
four years, across 20,000 hectares of the Tasman riverbed, were hedgehogs.
"They're very underrated," said Twizel biodiversity programme manager, of the
DoC. "They are probably a lot easier to trap, but in saying that there are
probably more of them out there in the first place." The surprisingly adaptable
creatures, introduced to New Zealand in the late 19th century, were found as
high as 1000 metres above sea-level. The prickly creatures ate birds eggs but it
was not known whether they carried off young birds. They also ate weta, beetles,
grasshoppers and even lizards. A two-and-a-half year study by Landcare Research,
published in 2003, bemoaned the fact that stoats, ferrets and possums got all
the attention as predators. "They are like the bad guys in balaclavas during a
bank heist," "Meanwhile, hedgehogs are the guys in the background, quietly
opening the safe." The $745,000 Tasman Valley trapping programme - which is four
years into its five-year term - aims to create a "mainland island" to protect
riverbed wildlife. No poisoning is done in the valley. About 1100 traps were
laid from Whale Stream up to, and including, part of the national park.
Hedgehogs and stoats were 75 per cent of the trapped predators. Wild cats
featured more prominently than possums or ferrets. The success of the trapping
was measured by the breeding of native birds in riverbeds. This season, the rare
wrybill had a 100 per cent success rate for hatching chicks in the Tasman
riverbed and only one banded dotterel nest was hit by predators.
Timaru Herald 14 April 2010: The New Zealand falcon, karearea, is listed as a threatened species, but aside from eating sparrows, this falcon joins a number of volunteers working to keep the vermin count down in the national park. There had always been a population of falcons in the area, nesting just above the village. The number of pests being trapped by DOC volunteers is declining, which the department said could indicate the success of the trapping programme, or also the fact a wet autumn and spring last year helped lower the numbers.
A South Island Pied Oystercatcher chick on the Ben Ohau Wetland Track, Twizel
1st Nov. 2009, one of two with the mother squawking 20 feet away- see photo
below. Both chicks were well camouflaged. Nests in sand scrapes on farmland or
gravel banks in braided rivers. Remember in the breeding season between November
and February many birds are nesting in riverbeds e.g.
Banded Dotterels, Black fronted terns, Blackbilled Gulls. Avoid roaming the
riverbeds at this time with dogs, 4x4 vehicles, gravel extraction, the nests are
difficult to spot, their
camouflage is
Hutt News 15/12/2009
The Rimutaka Forest Park -to date, traps have caught 92 stoats, 535 rats and 46
hedgehogs using DoC humane kill traps over a 2500 hectare area.
Hedgehog the enemy of native species says DoC
Sunday Star Times 14/06/2009
Next time a hedgehog snuffles and shuffles its way into your garden, think of it
as a rat that's the message from the DoC, which is about to send a "hedgehog
swat team" to eradicate the prickly pests from two islands in the Hauraki Gulf.
DoC spokeswoman says hedgehogs are chomping their way through native wildlife,
and the public needs to stop seeing them as cute, harmless garden visitors.
Scientists have found one hedgehog with 283 weta legs in its stomach, and now
know that female hedgehogs in particular are catching and eating native skinks,
perhaps because they need the protein boost for breeding. They also eat the eggs
and chicks of ground-nesting birds such as the endangered black stilt. Because
of their voracious appetites, hedgehogs are on DoC's seven-species hit list as
it starts a complex, military-style cleanup of Rangitoto and Motutapu. Vallance
says rats and mice will be dealt with first, to cut off the larger animals' food
supply, then after a few months a "hedgehog swat team" will move in with a
"ridiculously elaborate military-like arrangement of traps, over nearly 4000
Every dead hedgehog and DoC estimates there will be hundreds will be delivered
to University of Auckland biosecurity student Dave Tearne. Tearne is basing his
masters degree on the life, and death, of these hedgehogs. In particular, he
wants to prove that the method he used to count the hedgehogs a few weeks ago,
when they were alive, is reliable enough to be used in future. He set up a grid
of traps (which did not harm the hedgehogs) each night, then counted and tagged
his catch in the morning by sliding coloured hollow tubes over their spines.
Tearne was fascinated to find a hedgehog in a trap set on the five-metre long
artificial causeway that connects the islands; proving the hedgehogs are
trekking between Rangitoto and Motutapu. As DoC moves in with its kill-traps,
Tearne will keep a body count, and weigh and sex the animals, to work out
whether his estimation of the population was correct. Hedgehogs were brought
here from Europe in the late 1800s to control garden pests such as snails and
slugs, and DoC estimates there are now three per hectare in some areas of New
Zealand. It has rigged cameras to watch bird nests on the ground in the
Mackenzie basin, in the centre of the South Island, and found hedgehogs were
responsible for one in five attacks.
Taranaki Daily News 24/04/2009
Hedgehogs are a prickly problem
They eat mostly invertebrates such as snails, slugs, millipedes and
caterpillars, which is why they are considered a friend of gardeners, and they
may also devour frogs. At one time, this knowledge of their penchant for ground
dwelling birds eggs and chicks prompted a nationwide push for elimination. It
was feared that hedgehogs were a real threat to our native ground dwelling birds
of the forests and rewards were given to hunters producing hedgehog snouts as
proof of their kills. Mature females are particularly active during the autumn
months as they fill themselves up with high protein meals such as eggs and
lizards, to put on condition after the breeding season and before winter
hibernation. Males go to their winter beds earlier than the females and are less
likely to eat birds' eggs or chicks. When conditions are good, there can be as
many as eight hedgehogs per hectare, but usually they number between two and
four per hectare.
Reuters 17/04/2008
Cute and prickly hedgehogs latest pet fad. Pet owners in Britain have been
buying up hedgehogs, because the nocturnal animals are more active in the
evening when busy office workers get home. The impact from poaching on the wild
hedgehog population could be greater if mothers are removed from their litters
during the Spring breeding season. The babies will die without their mum.
They're completely dependent for four weeks."
Henhouse murder mystery: the hedgehog did it
The Press 22/01/2008
The hen was not dead and was trying desperately to get away. Clearly the
hedgehog had captured the hen inside the hen house and dragged it for about four
metres. There had been reports from England of hedgehogs attacking adult birds.
An attack on a mature bird was "unusual", but "not inconceivable". Death by
hedgehog was also "not a nice way to go" as hedgehogs lacked "killing teeth".
Hedgehogs were insectivores with broad flat teeth for crunching up insects so
when they killed larger creatures they "just bite and hang on till it dies", he
Hedgehogs make their nests in the undergrowth.
On track to the
Ben Ohau Wetland, Twizel. The sheet metal on the power poles in the
background stops opossums from climbing. In the foreground the mother, a South
Island Pied Oystercatcher [SIPO], waiting for us to clear out. She had two
chicks hidden in the grass. In 2010 eight species of threatened birds, rare
insects and 68 threatened plant species – 40 percent of the Canterbury region's
endangered flora – are found in the Mackenzie Basin.
Peel Forest has an abundant bird life. Native birds most frequently seen and heard are wood pigeon, the rifleman, bellbird, fantail, grey warbler, silvereye and tomtit. The Rangitata riverbed provides a habitat for a number of waders and coastal visitors such as the black-billed gull and the pied oystercatcher.
Pests reduced, penguins thrive
The Press 12/08/2009
White-flippered penguins are flourishing in a small area of Banks Peninsula
thanks to a predator-trapping programme. In two years, the programme at Le Bons
Bay has removed 285 hedgehogs, 83 rats, 61 possums, 37 feral cats, 24 weasels,
16 stoats, 10 ferrets and nine mice. Nine pairs of penguins have been recorded
in the area where the birds were wiped out in the 1990s. White-flippered
penguins are unique to Canterbury and are more endangered than the better-known
yellow-eyed penguins. Conservationist the traplines were helping other native
species recover. It takes consistently at least five years before the real
impact of this work comes through.
Endangered birds at risk on beaches
Rodney Times 17/12/2009
It's not just toxic sea slugs beach visitors need to watch for this summer. New
Zealand dotterels and variable oystercatchers both run the gauntlet with beach
users and predators, but the New Zealand fairy tern is the most vulnerable.
Fairy terns are struggling back from the brink of extinction, and their eggs are
laid on the beach and are at risk from traffic, storms and predators. Only about
40 of the tiny birds remain, including 12 breeding pairs. Their only breeding
grounds are at Waipu, Mangawhai, Pakiri, and Papakanui Spit at South Head on the
Kaipara Harbour. While their numbers have increased from the 1980s when only
three breeding pairs were left, their grip on survival is tenuous. Along with
predators such as cats, dogs, weasels, stoats and even hedgehogs, storms and
spring tides, and people's activities like driving on beaches are limiting their
breeding success. People and wildlife can live together on our beaches as long
as we follow a few simple rules.
These birds lay their eggs in a scrape in the sand, so are vulnerable when it
comes to other beach users.
The Conservation Department advises people on the beach to leave eggs untouched
because the parents probably aren't far away.
If a bird is acting agitated, move away. It may have a nest nearby.
The eggs can get overheated in a matter of minutes on a hot day, or chilled on a
cold day.
People should stay outside fenced areas, and keep vehicles below the high tide
Fishers are urged to bury fish scraps because they attract gulls which prey on
eggs and chicks.
It is also vital to ensure dogs are on a lead at all times on beaches where New
Zealand dotterels, oystercatchers and terns nest, so the department advises
checking signs.
Loss of habitat puts gulls at risk
Waikato Times 05/01/2010
Of New Zealand's three species of gull, the black-billed gull is the only
endemic (found only in New Zealand) gull.
They are similar in size to red-billed gulls, but their bills are black, and
they are longer and finer in shape.
They have reddish-black legs and paler wings. Black-billed gulls mainly breed
inland, beside rivers and lakes.
They nest in colonies, and make nest mounds of dry grass and twigs on open
shingle. They lay one to four pale green-grey eggs from September to December.
Both parents share incubation of the eggs. Within a day of hatching the chicks
are left alone, and parents return to feed them by regurgitating food on to the
ground. Fledglings leave the nest when they are 26 days old. The birds live
about 18 years. Black-billed gulls eat small fish, whitebait and flatfish, and
take earthworms and grass grubs from pastureland. They feed over river channels
on the wing, taking cicadas and moths and also scoop fish and insects from the
surface of the water. In winter they fly to estuaries and harbours to eat marine
invertebrates and shellfish, or to parks for worms and human handouts. But
black-billed gulls are declining in number. A New Zealand-wide count in 1996
found only 48,000 nests. The decline is mainly due to the destruction of their
breeding habitat. The presence of hydroelectric schemes and irrigation schemes
change water levels and limit the number of shingle bed islands where
black-billed gulls like to nest. Weed infested riverbanks also provide cover for
predators such as cats, rats, stoats, weasels and hedgehogs. They raid the
gulls' nests and eat the eggs as well as chicks.
Birds A-Z
What N.Z. bird?
Canterbury's coastal animals
Southern Black-backed Gull - are opportunists, a scavenger. It also feeds on the
eggs and young of birds. Its protection was lifted in 1970. On farms they turn
up at lambing and at calving time to take advantage of dropped afterbirth and
any weak or dead animals.
The Red-billed Gull in ChCh in Nov. 2009. The legs and feet are red and the bill a brighter red.
Seagulls can live up to 30 years. About 1500 red-billed gulls bred in nine small
colonies on Banks Peninsula, but thousands more flocked to the city to feed in
places like the Avon-Heathcote estuary. Many came from the large breeding colony
at Kaikoura. Christchurch is a major post-breeding wintering site for birds like
the red-billed gull. A young red-billed gull has a black beak. Red-billed gull:
2014 fewer than 100,000 birds. Expected to fall by 50 to 70 per cent in the next
30 years.
Springtime in the South Island. A pair of
Variable Oystercatchers on a Moreaki boulder, Nov. 2009. They are native to N.Z.
Once mated they really divorce. Can live up to 27 years. Blacker birds are more
common in the south. They nest near the shore, not like the SIPO that nests on
farmland. They will let you know if you get to close to a nest or chick,
sometimes aggressively.
Timaru Herald, 17 January 1872, Page 4
Recently, Mr W. K. Macdonald, of the Orari, brought from the breeding ponds in
the acclimatization gardens, Christchurch, fifty young trout, which, with the
exception of two which have died, have been since turned out m a creek
apparently admirably, adapted for their, growth and preservation. With the
exception of a dozen fish turned out at the Point by Messrs Meek and Howell,
some time since, but which Lave not been seen for months past, Mr Macdonald's
venture may be said to be the first (which, from the number of the fish, is
likely to prove successful) made in South Canterbury.
Star 3 March 1873, Page 2
Acclimatisation Society. A special meeting of the Council of this society was
held in the Garddens, at 11.30 a.m., on Friday. Present Messrs C. R. Blakiston
(in the chair), Rolleston, Boys, Hill, Powell, Bird, Carrick, Broadloot, L.
Harper, Wynn Williams, Farr, and Johnson (curator). The meeting was called for
the purpose of distributing the birds brought out by Mr Bills. The following is
the number of birds that has arrived safely 64 partridges, 31 rooks, 95
goldfinches, 6 bramblefinches, 9 lapwings, 34 yellowhammers, 41 hedge sparrows,
62 blackbirds, 28 thrushes, 40 starlings, 120 redpoles, 15 skylarks, 1 pair
curassows, 1 pair Mandarin ducks, 1 pair silver pheasants, 1 pair golden
pheasants. It was decided that the birds should be distributed in the following
manner, those to whom they are sent having kindly undertaken to look after them
on behalf of the public.
Partridges One-fourth to Mr C. Harper, Brackenfield one-fourth to Mr J. Palmer,
Burnham one-fourth to Mr C. Reed, Ashburton one-fourth to Mr Rhodes, Seadown.
Rooks: It was decided that these should be turned out in the Gardens, when
Goldfinches; One-third to Mr Potts, Governor's Bay one-third to Mr Perry, Timaru
one-third to Mr Rhodes, Purau.
Bramblefinches: It was decided that these should be turned out in the Gardens.
The lapwings were handed over to the care of Mr Geo. Gould.
Yellowhammers: One-half to be turned out in the Gardens one-half to Mr L.
Harper,, Ham.
Hedge-sparrows: One third to Mr Perry, Timaru one-third to Mr L. Harper, Ham
one-third to Mr Boys, Rangiora.
Blackbirds: One-fourth to Mr Perry, Timaru one-fourth to Mr Boys, Rangiora
one-fourth to Mr Phillips, Rockwood one fourth to Mr L. Harper, Ham the odd
cockbirds to be retained in the Gardens.
Thrushes: Same distribution as blackbirds.
Starlings: One-half to the Gardens; one-half to Mr Boys, Rangiora.
Redpoles: One-fourth to Mr Perry, Timaru one-fourth to the Gardens; one-fourth
to Mr C. Reed, Ashburton; one-fourth to Mr Boys, Rangiora.
The larks were to' be handed over to the care of Mr C. Reed, Ashburton. The
birds have arrived in splendid condition, and the Council are very much leased
with the importation. A gratuity of two. guineas was voted to Mr Deans, curator
of the Otago Acclimatisation Society, for his assistance in bringing the birds
from Otago. A special vote of thanks was passed to the Otago Acclimatisation
Society, for the trouble they had taken in the forwarding of the birds to
Timaru Herald, 17 May 1876, Page 3
We learn that quite recently two coveys of Californian quail were seen on Mr
Wigley's run, Opuha, one numbering 52 and the other 62 birds. It will be
remembered that eight brace were liberated on the run last September, so that
they must have thriven wonderfully. As the two coveys were seen some 8 or 9
miles apart it is hardly probable that they were the same.
Ashburton Guardian, 23 December 1887, Page 3 THE CALIFORNIAN THISTLE
The Californian thistle, about which there has lately been so much talk, has
been found in considerable quantity m the neighbourhood of Temuka. Specimens of
it are to be been at the Temuka Road Board office, and farmers who are as yet
unaware of the appearance of the plant will do well to make themselves
acquainted with it. The specimens in question have been furnished by Mr T.
Parke, of Milford, and he deserves all praise for the trouble he has taken to
bring the matter into notice. In is told that the plant is more difficult to
eradicate than any of the other now numerous noxious weeds that farmers have to
contend with. The roots are tough and jointed, and the smallest portion left in
the soil is sufficient to produce a plant. The ordinary methods of scarifying or
hoeing are thus comparative useless. Mr Fassell, of the Land Office, Timaru, and
Mr Murphy, of the Christchurch A. and P. Association, Invite farmers to
correspond with them on this subject, with the view of steps being taken for its
eradication. It will doubtless also have been noted that Mr Mackenzie, the
member for Clutha, has moved m the matter m the House of Representatives, as
bearing on the subject, the following letter sent to Mr Murphy by Mr W. Thompson
of Burnham may be interesting: — " Dear Sir, I see the question of the
Californian thistle has been brought before your Association. I presume this
thistle is similar if not the same, as the Canadian thistle, and if, so save us
from It. I spent some years m Upper Canada, and there it takes possession of the
land, especially if the soil is good it grows from three to six feet high, and
as thick as wheat, and rooted to a depth of ten feet where the soil will admit.
To eradicate this pest is next to impossible, as I think every inch of the roots
will grow, therefore to work the soil only favors Its growth. If you wish to see
the thistle master of the situation, take a trip to Upper Canada and travel
along the banks of Lake Ontario from Kingston to Toronto, and there you trill
see the thistle in its home. As a pest I would place it against all our other
weeds here."—"Temuka Leader"
North Otago Times, 16 February 1891, Page 4
In March, 1885 Mr G.M. Thompson in the NZ Journal of science says the Otago
Acclimatisation Society liberated 93 females (queens) bumble bees in the
neighborhood of Christchurch. They appeared to have established themselves at
once, and spread very rapidly so that they have now been reported from Kaikoura
in the north to Invercargill in the south. They were unable apparently to cross
Cook Strait on their own account, but specimens have been repeatedly liberated
in the North.
North Otago Times, 15 April 1892, Page 1
The fertilisation of plants can in some cases only be effected by a particular
species of insect. Bumble bees are necessary in
order to enable red clover to produce seed, Field mice are the foes of bumble
bees, and destroy their nests underneath the ground. Cats are the enemies of
field mice ; and thus, if cats should be decimated, either in consequence of
penal taxation, often pressed upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer, or by any
other scourge, there would be such an increase in the number of field mice that
bumble bee would be exterminated, and fields of clover would lie in barren
hopeliness, unable to produce a future crop. Or, again, are you acquainted with
the result of the well-meant; but ill-considered introduction of the rabbit to
our Australian colonies The gift became a curse under the changed
conditions of animal and vegetable and human life at the antipodes, and no
parallel to a Hares and Rabbits Bill would serve to keep
down the terrible pest. So, again, in the vegetable world, the consequences of a
single act can often not be gauged except by imaginative foresight. The man who
carried watercresses to New Zealand and not read 'Jack and the Bean Stalk.'
Wallace tells us how this humble and tasty weed, transplanted to its now home,
shed its appetising qualities, and, growing with rampant vigor under changed
conditions of climate and soil, forms stems 12ft long, and blocks mighty rivers,
instead of filling the baskets of the industrious hawker."
Ashburton Guardian, 14 June 1894, Page 2
The Timaru Herald says: Mr Catchell, who has been travelling in the
Geraldine district during the past few days, brought down from the village of
Woodbury some specimens of broom covered with dodder, a parasite which roots
itself in the bark of certain plants and lives upon them, to the extent
sometimes of killing its support. In a part of the village the fences of gorse
and broom are, he informs us, being killed by the dodder. Hot water has been
tried upon it, without much success. One of the specimens is a bundle of dodder
flowers from the top of a bush of broom. The dodder has sometimes occasioned
great loss in crops of peas and beans and clover in Europe.
Star 10 December 1897, Page 3 SMALL BIRDS.
There are unmistakable signs (says the Temuka Leader) that the small
birds are going to prove a very serious nuisance this year. Their ravages so far
are reported to have eclipsed those of former year. They have been particularly
keen on, small seeds, and we have heard of persons who have had to sow mangolds
a third time. This year they have also made a raid on a product which in former
years was allowed peaceably to come to maturity — peas. The destruction made by
the "plague" on peas is seen to the best advantage at the Chinese garden, where
a large area of them has been almost completely destroyed. The pods have been
ripped open, and their contents consumed by these feathered pests. Orchards are
also suffering severely.
Star 29 December 1897, Page 2
THE SMALL BIRDS NUISANCE. The Temuka Road Board yard on Friday afternoon
presented a very animated appearance for several hours, while numbers of boys
were delivering up their "takings" of small birds' heads and eggs. The
Temuka Leader says that one thousand dozen were delivered by the
youngsters, and it was feared for a time that they would "break the bank."
Timaru Herald, 13 December 1899, Page 4 INSECT DESIROYERS.
By the s.s. Mokoia the Department of Agriculture has received further
consignments of scale -eating ladybird beetles, tree frogs and peewees, or
magpie-larks, from Australia, which are intended to cope with the insect pests
of this colony. The ladybirds are being sent to Hawke's Bay and Auckland
districts, and the tree frogs to Wellington, Hawke's Bay and Auckland districts.
The peewee, also known as the magpie -lark, and mudlark, is found all over
Australia, living usually m or near streams or fresh water. In the report of the
department in 1898, however, Mr T. W. Kirk, the Government Ecologist, says:— ''I
desire to reiterate the warning I gave I some years ago, viz., that settlers
must regard these friendly creatures only as aids, and take care that the
principal part of the work of controlling harmful insects is performed by
themselves. The so-called natural enemies, friendly birds, and insects will,
when pests are once brought within reasonable limits, continue the good work,
and aid in keeping them in check. There are very few natural enemies that will
do all our work for us."
Bay of Plenty Times, 15 February 1907, Page 4 FIGHTING A PEST.
an number of years past widespread havoc has been caused among many gum tree
plantations in South Canterbury and elsewhere by the depredations of a
destructive scale insect (eriococcus coriaceus), introduced within comparatively
recent times from Australia. In order to cope, if possible, with the pest, Mr
T.W. Kirk, Government biologist, imported from Australia a number of ladybirds
of two species (one of a bright blue colour and the other nearly black), these
being the chief of the natural enemies of the scab insect. The problem was
whether these little beetles would survive the rigors of a New Zealand winter,
and, to test the point, the ladybirds were at once liberated in groves of
infected trees near Timaru. They survived the ordeal of two winters splendidly,
and have since increase in most gratifying numbers. Further than that, they have
done their work so effectively that many the plantations that were most
seriously blighted are now recovering, and the young growth is practically free
from blight. The success of the experiment having thus been demonstrated,
considerable quantities of the beetles have been collected and distributed
between Timaru and Christchurch, it having been found that the disease is
spreading in a northerly direction. During the past few days several hundreds of
the useful insects have been collected and liberated among fresh fields of
labour, and, a further batch of about a thousand is to be distributed over
infected areas.
Nelson Evening Mail 15 May 1907, Page 1
I was shown to-day (writes the Winchester correspondent of the Lyttelton
"Times") a fine healthy specimen of that great Australian scourge, the Bathurst
burr. The specimen was found growing at the Smithfield wool-scouring works,
Winchester, by the proprietor, Mr H. E. Smith. There is no doubt as to the plant
being the Bathurst burr, as Mr Smith has hasl long experience of it on New South
Wales and Queensland sheep stations. Some eight or nine years ago a vessel, the
Strathgiff, laden with Australian wool for England, caught fire and put
into Port Chalmers, where the hold was flooded and the fire quenched. The wool
was sold. Among the buyers was the late Mr D. M'Caskill, of Winchester, who sent
some of it to Mr Smith's works to be scoured, and in this wool were some of the
burrs. About three years ago a plant made its appearance, but was killed by the
frost. This year the plant above mentioned has grown. The seed has evidently
germinated after lying eight or nine years in the ground.
New Zealand Herald, 19 January 1924, Page 1
Eggs of an Australian wasp that is parasitic on sheep maggot-flies were brought
to New Zealand from New South Wales in 1922. The adults, when they were hatched
out, were distributed in North Canterbury, Timaru, Blenheim, Hawke's Bay and
Whangarei, where sheep maggot-flies are particularly troublesome. The Hon. G. M.
Thomson states that this wasp is parasitical on the blue-bottle and the common
house fly, as well as on sheep maggot-flies. Another Australian wasp, Polistes
Tasmaniensis, which makes clusters of papery cells, has ranked as an introduced
member of the Hymenoptera in New Zealand for many years. It is very plentiful in
North Auckland, is going south, and five years ago was reported from Dunedin and
Waipori. It is stated that males of the common European wasp, now, apparently,
introduced into New Zealand, fertilise females while flying high in the air, and
then die, often within a few hours. Fertilised females hibernate during the
winter under stones, logs, or moss. In the spring, each female selects a burrow
or hole in the ground, in which she makes a home. She uses small fibres of old
wood, which she gnaws and kneads and mixes with a secretion from her salivary
glands, until a pulp is formed. Cup-like cells are hung from the roof of the
cavity, and an egg is laid in each cell. In that way, a new wasp community is
established. It was with a female of this species, Vespa vulgaris, by the way,
that Sir John Lubbock conducted experiments which satisfied him of this insect's
Auckland Star, 20 November 1933, Page 6
The liberation in New Zealand of a weevil for the control of gorse is notified
by Dr. David Miller, entomologist of the Cawthron Institute, in a letter to Mr.
G. Barclay, of Waihaorunga, near Waimate. In his letter Dr. Miller states: "The
weevil has been liberated in our grounds at the institute here and at Burnside,
near Dunedin. The object of this is to establish the insect and to rear
sufficient supplies under natural conditions from which distributions can be
made to other centres. For. the first time since the liberations were made in
Nelson we discovered that the insect had established.
lagoon from the south. Taken 3.45 pm. 17th August 2011 from the Bridge St.
bridge, Timaru.
English Grey (domesticated geese), numerous Red Billed Gulls and the larger
Southern Black-backed Gull and a gaggle of Canada geese (about 18)
Lyttelton Times, 2 April 1862, Page 4
Presents for New Zealand.—The Kate, which sails this afternoon for
Auckland, has on board three emus, which, we understand, are a present from
Thomas Holt, Esq., M.P., to his Excellency Sir George Grey, Governor of New
Zealand. There are several black swans on board, a pair of which, we believed,
are likewise intended as a present to his Excellency from another gentleman
Timaru Herald, 12 April 1871, Page 2 Black Swans. — We have been informed that some of these birds have been recently shot on the Washdyke lagoon. It would be an act of public good if the person who shot these birds was informed against and punished.
Otago Witness 20 March 1901, Page 51
Complaints reach us from pretty well all parts of the district (says the Timaru
Herald) that wild ducks are being already shot at by the pot-hunters. Even on
such waters as the Milford, which are protected by law. and the ranger is
supposed to be specially on the watch, there is shooting almost every night.
Grey River Argus 7 August 1919, Page 2
The Timaru Herald reports that the wild geese which the Canterbury
Acclimation Society liberated at the Washdyke sanctuary some few years ago have
all disappeared, though no one knows when or where the went.
Little blue penguins
In 2010 little blue penguins have chosen to breed along Timaru rock walls.
They've been breeding there for the last few years. About a dozen now living on
the edges of Timaru. Once they start breeding the young ones keep coming back,
so they will build up over time. When the penguins are young they feed out at
sea and return for the breeding season from November to about March. In late
March they moult and disappear out to sea until their feathers grow back. The
little blue penguin is the smallest penguin species, growing between 35 to 43
centimetres tall. They can be found around New Zealand and southern Australia.
It is thought 50,000 to 100,000 of them live in New Zealand. Dec. 2012 Timaru
count -50.
Long-tailed bats hibernating in farm buildings near Geraldine
South CanterburyGenWeb Project Home Page


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Crazy Machines 2 Complete |
Crazy Machines 2 Complete reviewReviewed July 01, 2009Gary Hartley says: "Its an interest thing, really. If the idea of gizmos and pulleys and gears has you grinning like a loon, or even if you want to tread a puzzle path not often explored, then this is a great package to pick up." |
We love reader reviews. If you're a great writer, we'd love to host your Crazy Machines 2 Complete review on this page. Thanks for your support, and for letting your friends know about us. Every time you start here when you shop online, contribute game reviews or tell your friends about our content, you help to ensure that we'll still be here years from now!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Crowne Plaza Hotel Cleveland South - Independence
- Suites
- Shuttle bus service
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Room service
- Swimming pool
TripAdvisor Reviews Crowne Plaza Hotel Cleveland South - Independence
Travel Blogs from Independence
"Cruis'n down the road, try'n to loosen my load "
It's Christmas Day and my present to myself is to be climbing into my car and head'n down the rod to Washington DC - the weather service suggests generally good weather for DC and I have always wanted to go to the Smithsonian, so, as I was so close (400 miles / 600 km) it seemed like a good idea!
But before I do head on down the road - I'd like to say how lucky I was to find Mike at 'MS Precision Automotive' who's workshop is just down the road from the dealership where ...
On to Cleveland to collect a car
I flew out of Seattle today to Cleveland, Ohio to collect my new (for me) 1976 Buick Electra.
I now understand why my friends almost fell off their chairs with laughter when I mentioned 'Cleveland' - there is somewhere that can be colder than Seattle, Washington in Winter! When I arrived and walked out of the airport to get a taxi, I felt little flutterings against my face - it was only when I looked into the light of the nearest light that I realized it was lightly snowing!!
... and a chill out room. The unit is completely secure, has doors locked with key card access, all staff carry a type of 'alarm' and there are two 'safety rooms' for if a patient is becoming physically aggressive. The staff are trained in NAPPI which is a more extensive version of conflict resolution training and is specific to this patient group. They have specialised restraint policies incase a situation arises ...
popped in on Juice (Jessica Carson Shelley) in Shaker Heights as I couldn't have been that close to her and not pop in. I needed a Juice hug too.
What a fun family! Cutie pie kids, dogs that needed belly rubs, and can't forget the birds!
Watch out for that first step out the back tho. Little rough on the knees ;-)
Happy Birthday JD - long driving day towards home
JD's 65th birthday today! Left Sturbridge at 7am. Trying to make Cleveland today for a shorter drive tomorrow. Took a different route through New York.. Took the southern route closer to Ithaca to enjoy the fall colors. 700 miles today..just under 12 hours..stayed near Cleveland after getting delayed by some horrific rush hour traffic at the ...


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miniserv.pl in the webmin package does not properly handle metacharacters, such as line feeds and carriage returns, in Base64-encoded strings used in Basic authentication. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to spoof a session ID, and thereby gain root privileges.
For the stable distribution (woody) this problem has been fixed in version 0.94-7woody1.
The old stable distribution (potato) does not contain a webmin package.
For the unstable distribution (sid) this problem is fixed in version 1.070-1.
We recommend that you update your webmin package.
MD5 checksums of the listed files are available in the original advisory.


text:
LinkBack | Thread Tools | Display Modes |
01-28-2011, 09:13 AM | #1 (permalink) |
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2011
Posts: 253
160cm or 163cm? Please help!
I just recently started snowboarding and have gone a few times and decided I wanted to get my own board now. I just bought a 2011 Flow Merc 160cm wide. Im kinda worried that I bought it a bit too small though.
Im 6'2 and weight somewhere between 195-200 pounds with a boot size of 11. I did a lot of research and the snowboard calculator suggested around a 164, but as I looked further I read that a smaller board is best to learn on and will be easier to handle so thats why I went 160cm. Im not very experienced so I couldnt say what I typically ride on. So from that alone you can probably tell Im a rookie. Im just looking to get better, get my carving down, and practice switch on the easy slopes. Did I get the right size or should I return it for the 163cm or does the 3cm really even make a difference? Thanks for any help! |
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text:
Carpinteria, California (map) | (805) 968-1033
Sites: 261 | Latest Rate: $40.00 |
Rating: | 9 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 3 |
Clean Restrooms: | |||||
Clean Showers: |
Nice park on the beach. Good facilities, not crowded mid-week at this time of year. Lots to see and do in area. Town easy walk distance for shopping and supplies. In process of fixing up park due to heavy use. Trains run all day and night so be aware but everybody sleeps right through the noise. Beach is great for kids. Sites are blacktop, sand, or grass. - socalretiree
This park has a great location and is right on the beach, which is perfect if you have a ocean front space, the rest of the sites are in rows that are extremely close together. The spaces are not angled which can be problematic for fifth wheels trying to back in. If you're traveling with a family, kids, bikes, etc. and don't mind being within a few feet of your fellow campers, you'll probably be fine, but if you want a little privacy or seclusion this beach will not suit you. It is a nice beach and the proximity to town is quite close and walkable but $67 for a small and crowded parking space seems a bit much. - Cinzia
We stayed in beach row site #133. Sites 132-134 have a tree and bushes blocking the beach view from your table and fire pit. Minor inconvenience with the breaking waves less than 75 feet away. Our area sites were not angled so make sure you know how to back up really well. The only down side for me was the sites are really close together. With my awning out, it was only 5 feet from the neighboring RV. All and all, a great experience. - desertcamper05


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A woman carries a child through a flooded road on the island of Mindanao. AFP/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Hundreds Dead, Hundreds Missing After Typhoon Slams Philippines December 5, 2012 Rescuers are having trouble reaching many of those who were in the storm's path. Mud, fallen trees and downed electrical lines are in the way.
Does he need to watch what he likes? Facebook's logo is reflected in the glasses of a student in Manila. Ted Aljibe /AFP/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption Ted Aljibe /AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Go To Jail For A Retweet? Filipino Lawmaker Tries To Ease Concern October 4, 2012 Critics say a new "cybercrime prevention act" puts Filipinos at risk if they merely "like" or retweet libelous statements. But an author of the law says prosecutors would have to prove there was a conspiracy to spread such messages.
From a rooftop in a Manila suburb today, residents watched water flow through flooded streets. Jay Directo /AFP/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption Jay Directo /AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Even As Rains Ease, Disaster Grows In Philippines; 2.1 Million Affected August 9, 2012 Monsoons have overwhelmed Manila. There's widespread flooding and there have been many landslides. Nearly 600,000 people have now had to flee their homes. At least 19 people are dead.
A man paddled an improvised raft along a flooded street in suburban Manila earlier today. Ted Aljibe /AFP/Getty Images hide caption itoggle caption Ted Aljibe /AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Flooding In Philippines Forces 400,000 To Evacuate; 16 Deaths Reported August 8, 2012 According to officials, about 1.2 million people have been affected. Manila is being called a "waterworld."
In this handout photo provided by the Dagsa Family, an alleged assassin aims a gun at Reynaldo Dagsa, who was taking a picture of his family early on Jan. 1, 2011. Reynaldo Dagsa/AP hide caption itoggle caption Reynaldo Dagsa/AP The Two-Way Chilling Image: Filipino Official Takes Photograph As His Killer Takes Aim January 4, 2011 A local councilman was taking a New Year's Day picture of his family when a gunman fired two shots, killing the politician. Police used the photograph to track down the alleged killer and an accomplice.
The Two-Way Philippine Police Show How To Not Handle Hostage Crises August 24, 2010 Philippine police admitted they mishandled the Manila hostage crisis that resulted in eight tourists dying. They didn't have the equipment or training, but also didn't take advantage of the opportunities to end the crisis by killing the captor.


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Recommended books
Same-sex marriage
Sponsored link.
A bill proclaiming an annual National Day of Prayer (NDP) was unanimously passed by both Houses of Congress during 1952, and signed into law by President Truman. The law encouraged It sets aside one day each year as a time to urge Americans to pray and meditate. At that time, the vast majority of Americans who were affiliated with a religion were either Christians or Jews.
In 1988, a second law was passed establishing the date for the NDP at the first Thursday in May. This is an unfortunate choice of date, since it can conflict with the Hispanic celebration Cinco de Mayo (Spanish for "fifth of May") -- as it did during 2011.
A review of Diana Eck's book "A New Religious America." says:
" 'The United States is the most religiously diverse nation in the world,' ... The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated the quotas linking immigration to national origins. Since then, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Zoroastrians, and new varieties of Jews and Catholics have arrived from every part of the globe, radically altering the religious landscape of the United States. Members of the world's religions live not just on the other side of the world but in our neighborhoods; Hindu children go to school with Jewish children; Muslims, Buddhists, and Sikhs work side-by-side with Protestants and Catholics." 1
Another review states:
"America has always been a fundamentally Christian or 'Judeo-Christian' country with a few atheists and agnostics included. We're a secular, pluralist polity within that framework or so the received opinion goes. But in this wide-ranging book, Eck (religious studies, Harvard) shows us that this received opinion is erroneous. The framework is now, and in fact has always been, much broader. Eck discusses the history in America of three religious traditions with large numbers of adherents: Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Islam, she shows, arrived with African slaves. Buddhism and Hinduism came early as well, with the first Asian immigrants to the West Coast. These faiths are growing rapidly because of recent changes in our immigration laws and political turmoil in much of Asia, and thus our sense of religious pluralism needs to broaden. Well written and thorough, this volume will appeal especially to scholars, but casual readers will find much to enlighten them. Warmly recommended for both academic and public libraries." 2 James F. DeRoche, Alexandria, VA. Copyright 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
A second trend that is increasing religious diversity in the U.S. is the gradual reduction of the percentage of American adults who identify with the Christian religion and a corresponding increase in the percentage of Agnostics, Atheists, secularists, and other adults with no religious affiliation. This shift is particularly noticeable among older teens and young adults.
The law was intended to be inclusive of all Americans. But today, it encompasses a much wider diversity of religions and spiritual practices than when it was enacted six decades ago.
However, in practice, NDP events around the nation are largely organized by and for fundamentalist and other evangelical Christians. There are efforts to make the observance more inclusive of other Christian faith groups and of other religions.
The following information sources were used to prepare and update the above essay. The hyperlinks are not necessarily still active today.
Home > Christianity > Christian history, etc > Prayer > NDP > here
Home > Christianity > History, beliefs... > Practices > Prayer > NDP > here
or Home > Spiritual topics > NDP > here
or Home > Religious information > NDP > here


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Wheel of the Black March
This quest was marked obsolete by Blizzard and cannot be obtained or completed. Bring 6 Large Brilliant Shards and 25 Dark Iron Ore to Gorzeeki in the Burning Steppes.Large Brilliant Shard (6) | |
Dark Iron Ore (25) |
A Wheel of the Black March contains and directs the violent energies required for the Circle of Greater Summoning. For Gozeeki to construct a wheel, he will need both large brilliant shards from an enchanter, and dark iron ore from a master miner.Acquire these and bring them to my servant.


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Friday, October 28, 2011
The Laramie
Reactions: |
32 comments:
Geez, it's like I was reading something out of my own journal in this post, Sanders. The Laramie has always been a mystery river to me. It looks like it would be a prime fishery, but I've never done much on it. But some of that meandering river through all that private ranch land...there's gotta be fish in there! Somewhere!
Anyway, great post as always and nice work reviving the mojo on the Poudre, your favorite river and mine!JEG- Did your journal entry begin with a trip to a certain unnamed fly shop...anyway, the river looks so good, it just baffles me that we didn't even see a fish. Although, it was good motivation to get back up there earlier in the year...I'm guessing hopper season is pretty good in those parts. I'm convinced that there are fish there...I just haven't found them.
Gotta love the Poudre!