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There is a belief that the amount of pain perceived is merely directly proportional to the extent of injury. The intensity of postoperative pain is however influenced by multiple factors aside from the extent of trauma. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative factors that have been shown to predict postoperative pain and the self-reports of pain intensity in a population of 155 men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), and also to investigate if previous pain score could predict the subsequent pain score.
The correlation between potential pain predictors and the postoperative pain experiences during three postoperative days was tested (Pitmans' test). By use of a logistic regression analysis the probability that a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at one occasion would exceed 30 mm or 70 mm was studied, depending on previous VAS score, age, depression and pain treatment method.
Age was found to be a predictor of VAS > 30 mm, with younger patients at higher risk for pain, and preoperative depression predicted VAS > 70 mm. The probability that VAS would exceed 30 mm and 70 mm was predicted only by previous VAS value. Day two however, patients with epidural analgesia were at higher risk for experiencing pain than patients with intrathecal or systemic opioid analgesia.
The results show that it would be meaningful to identify RP patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain; i.e. younger and/or depressive patients who might benefit from a more aggressive therapy instituted in the very early postoperative period.
Pain is one of the major concerns in the postoperative care, not only because of the suffering it causes, but also because of its potential association with the process of recovery [1]. There is a belief that the amount of pain perceived is merely directly proportional to the extent of injury [2]. The severity of postoperative pain is however influenced by multiple factors aside from the extent of trauma [3]. Despite of identical surgical procedures, there is postoperatively a large variation in the pain experience and analgesic requirement [4].
There can be several explanations for this and studies have shown that the threshold for pain is different in different patients [5].
In patients with prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy (RP) is the most common technique for removing the prostate gland and it is a procedure performed with increasing frequency [6]. In RP, an incision in the lower abdomen, from the pubic bone to the navel, is used to reach the prostate gland. The prostate gland is detached from the bladder; the overlying veins, seminal vesicles and vas deferens are also removed. The urethra is reconnected to the bladder and a catheter is inserted into the penis through the urethra into the bladder and is left in place until the reconnection heals. Drains will be put into the abdomen and will be left in place for a couple of days to excess fluids, such as blood and urine [7]. Postoperative pain after RP can be moderate to severe but is often of rather short duration [8].
Different factors have been found to influence the intensity of postoperative pain. In previous studies we have shown that the method for postoperative pain treatment after RP was of importance [9,10]. A pre-surgical intrathecal bolus dose of morphine and local anesthetics (ITA) was found to be superior to a continuous epidural analgesia (EDA) for pain relief, and it also shortened hospital stay [10].
Preoperative expectations of pain have been found to correlate with the postoperative pain experience [11,12]. Perceived control, e.g. the perception of, or belief in, the availability of a response that can reduce or limit pain, has been associated with less pain reports and an increased pain tolerance [1]. It has previously been shown that patients who are more internal, e.g. believing that they can influence and are responsible for their own health [13] have lower pain scores and use less postoperative morphine [14].
Psychological factors such as anxiety and/or depression have been considered as important predictors of postoperative pain [4,15]. Age has also been found as a predictor, with younger individuals being at higher risk for moderate to intense pain [15]. Identification of patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain and giving those patients special attention would be desirable. Patients with good analgesia are more co-operative, recover more rapidly and leave hospital sooner. They also have a lower risk for prolonged pain after surgery [16].
Nurses are in a unique position to supervise and assist patients in pain and in the treatment thereof, considering the extensive time nurses spend with the patients when compared with other health-team members [17]. Nursing pain management involves a number of activities; assessing pain and deciding whether to administer analgesics, selecting one of different analgesics and choosing the route of administration. Nurses are also responsible for monitoring the effect of medication which is prescribed and administered in a variety of ways, including PRN (pro re nata, as needed/requested), EDA and ITA [18].
Several studies have investigated the relationship between pre-surgical clinical factors and postoperative pain. The influence of previous pain score (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS-value) on the next-coming pain scores has not earlier been studied in this group of patients i.e. if patients who are in pain directly after surgery continue to be in pain during the postoperative recovery. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between preoperative factors that have been shown to predict postoperative pain and the self-reports of pain intensity in a population of 155 men undergoing RP, and also to investigate whether a previous pain score could predict the subsequent pain score.
The study was a prospective, explorative study conducted from January 2003 to June 2004. After approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, patients on the waiting-list for RP, were recruited for the study.
Demographic form
The demographic form comprised questions about age, civil status, education, employment, time on waiting list previous surgical experiences, previous postoperative pain experiences and postoperative pain expectations.
Data of physical status classification according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA score), psa, weight, surgery time, intra-operative bleeding, pain treatment method and opioids consumption were collected from the patients' records.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
Pain was measured with a VAS (0–100 mm) on which the patients' pain intensity was represented by a point between the extremes of "no pain at all" and "worst pain imaginable". The simplicity, reliability and validity of the instrument make the VAS a good tool for describing pain severity or intensity [19].
The analysis of the VAS scores is a frequently discussed matter. In studies using the VAS, a score of more than 30/100 mm is often used as a limit to indicate inadequate analgesia and a VAS score of more than 70/100 mm is a common breakpoint for defining severe pain [20]. A mean pain score of VAS > 30 mm has been found to have a significant effect on general activity and mood and VAS ≤ 30 mm thus should be maintained to optimize the patients' functional status [21].
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD)
The HAD scale [22] has been found to be a reliable (Cronbach's alpha > 0.80) instrument for assessing the symptom severity of anxiety disorders and depression in somatic, psychiatric and primary care patients as well as in a general population [23]. The instrument is a 14-item, self-administered rating scale that produces two sub-scales, one measuring anxiety (HAD-A) and the other measuring depression (HAD-D). Each item has four response categories, reflecting a continuum of increasing level of emotional distress. Thus, HAD ≤7 indicates no anxiety (HAD-A) or depression (HAD-D), HAD 8 – 10 indicates possible anxiety or depression, and HAD ≥ 11 indicates probable anxiety or depression.
Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC)
MHLC measures expectancies about control, and was developed for prediction of health related behaviour [13]. The scale is an 18-item questionnaire measuring the subjects' beliefs concerning three dimensions of control of health outcomes; i.e. "internal" (IHLC), "powerful others" (PHLC) and "chance" CHLC). All of the dimensions are independent of one another and there is no total MHLC score. People who believe they can influence and take responsibility for their own health are labelled as "internals". Those who score high on the "powerful others" subscale are likely to rely on others (e.g. doctors and nurses) to control their health. Finally, those who score high on the "chance" subscale are not likely to rely on their own actions or the action of others because they believe that their health rather is a matter of chance. There are six statements for each dimension. Each statement is rated on a scale from 1–6 with 1 indicating "strongly disagree" and 6 indicating "strongly agree", making the range of scores 6–36 for each dimension. The scale is reliable with a Cronbach alpha in the 0.60–0.75 range [24].
Three weeks before surgery, consecutive patients on the waiting-list for RP received a letter with written information about the study. Patients willing to participate signed and returned a consent form. At the same time the patients answered the form about demographics and the MHLC questionnaire. The day before surgery, the patients answered HAD and they were informed about the VAS. Patients were asked, by the author (KWE), about pain at four hours after surgery and "worst pain" experienced during the last 24 hours at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The patients were asked to put a mark on a 100 mm line, representing "worst pain" experienced.
Pain treatment routines
Initially EDA was the routine treatment for postoperative pain in these RP patients. About a year after the beginning of the study, and after evaluating EDA as an ineffective method for pain treatment in this group of patients, the method for postoperative analgesia was shifted to ITA. Study patients who were deemed unsuitable for either EDA or ITA, received systemic opioid analgesia (SOA) for pain relief.
After the operation, the patients were supposed to stay in the postoperative anaesthesia care unit (PACU) until the pain relief was sufficient. When the patients returned to the ward, each EDA and ITA patient had a checklist for basic and specific controls e.g. VAS, sedation, motor function and hemodynamics. The patients given only SOA for pain relief did not have any special protocol for pain assessment. The recommended pain level was to be VAS < 30–40 mm on a 100 mm scale. All patients received paracetamol (1 g × 3–4) starting preoperatively and continuing postoperatively until the patients left the hospital. If pain relief was not sufficient on the ward, additional doses of ketobemidone (equianalgesic morphine type of opioid analgesia) were given systemically on a PRN (as requested) basis. Oral rescue analgesics (tramadol and NSAID's) were given at the discretion of the surgeon on the ward.
Statistical analysis
SPSS (version 14.0) for data analyses was used to analyze the data. Continuous variables are presented as means and standard deviation, and categorical data are presented as number and percent. By use of a non-parametric test (Pitmans' test) [25] the correlation between "worst pain" and different possible predictors have been tested. Pitman's test is a non-parametric test not based on ranks but on the original values. By use of logistic regression analysis we estimated the probability that VAS at one occasion would exceed 30 mm or 70 mm and the result is presented by graphs calculated from the beta coefficients. The cut-off 30 mm was chosen because that is a limit for treatment. All tests were conducted at the 5% significance level.
Of the 181 patients who were invited, 155 patients (86%) gave informed consent to participate. The mean age of the patients was 63 years (range 43–73). Most of the subjects (89%) were married, and about one third had elementary education. Half of the patients were retired. After being diagnosed with prostate cancer, 41% of the patients had to wait more than three months for their operation. Data from the patients' records are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Data collected from the patients' records
A pain level higher than VAS 30 mm during the three postoperative days was predicted by age (p = 0.044) and there was a correlation (p = 0.016) between age and "worst pain", with younger patients reporting higher pain scores than older (Table 2). There were no correlation between age and the opioid consumption. We found no correlation between any of the other demographic variables and the experienced level of postoperative pain.
Table 2. Univariate analysis of the association between potential pain predictors and postoperative pain
Pain expectations and pain experiences
One hundred and five (68%) patients had previously undergone surgical procedures. Of these patients, 36 (44%) had experienced moderate/severe pain. Moderate/severe pain after the RP was expected by 121 (78%) patients and was experienced by 105 (68%) patients. Patients with previous experience of postoperative pain expected higher pain scores (p < 0.01), though this was not actually experienced. Only four patients reported some kind of pain (e.g. back problems) before surgery.
Perceived control, anxiety and depression
The HAD questionnaire was answered by 133 (86%) patients. Possible or probable preoperative anxiety was reported by 33 (25%) of these patients (Table 3). There was no significant correlation between preoperative anxiety (HAD-A) and postoperative pain (p = 0.073). The incidence of preoperative depression was lower (n = 16, 12%), but depression was found to correlate with postoperative pain (p = 0.020) and depression predicted a pain level higher than VAS 70 mm (p = 0.0071). We found no correlation between age and anxiety/depression. No significant correlations were found between the different dimensions of MHLC and the postoperative pain experience.
Table 3. MHLC and HAD scales
Pain experience and pain treatment methods
With regard to the first three postoperative days, 50 patients (32%) reported mild, 69 (45%) moderate and 36 (23%) severe pain for one or more days (Figure 1). Mean pain score, independent of pain treatment method, was after four hours 11 ± 20 (range 0–100), day one 40 ± 26 (range 0–100), day two 32 ± 28 (range 0–100) and day three 20 ± 23 (range 0–90).
Figure 1. Differences among pain treatment methods with regard to "worst pain" scores.
Mean PACU-time was 14 ± 7 hours. Patients with severe pain had the longest PACU-time (18 h vs 15 h for moderate pain and 12 h for mild pain, p < 0.01). Twenty (13%) patients had a pain score > VAS 30 mm after four hours. During the rest of day one, pain subsequently increased with 85 (55%) patients reporting a pain score > VAS 30 mm. In the twenty patients with VAS > 30 mm after four hours, pain increased in 14 (70%) patients.
Of the 155 patients, 90 (58%) received EDA, 50 (32%) ITA, and 15 (10%) received SOA for their postoperative pain relief (Figure 1). There were more patients in the EDA group than in the other two groups, who reported high pain scores (p < 0.05). Days one and three, the pain treatment methods had no influence on the pain experience. Day two however, the EDA patients reported higher pain levels (p < 0.001) than the patients with ITA or SOA (mean VAS score 40 mm vs 24 mm and 18 mm). Patients who only received SOA for pain relief used more opiods (p < 0.001) than the EDA and ITA patients (mean 27 mg vs 10 mg for the EDA- and 7 mg for the ITA patients).
How well do previous VAS values predict the next coming value?
The correlation coefficients (r) between VAS at four hours and the rest of day one were 0.52 (p < 0.001), Pitman's test [25], between VAS day one and day two 0.47 (p < 0.001) and between VAS day two and day three 0.55 (p < 0.001).
By use of logistic regression analysis the probability that VAS at one occasion would exceed 30 mm or 70 mm was studied, depending on previous VAS values, age, depression and pain treatment methods. The probability that VAS day one would exceed 30 mm (p = 0.017) and 70 mm (p = 0.0103) was predicted only by VAS after four hours (Figure 2). The prediction could not be improved by including age and depression. The probability that VAS day two would exceed 30 mm was predicted by VAS day one (p < 0.0001) and EDA (p < 0.001) and that VAS day two would exceed 70 mm was predicted by VAS day one (p < 0.001) and EDA (p = 0.016) (Figure 3). The prediction could not be improved by including VAS at four hours, age, depression, ITA or systemic opioids. The probability that VAS day three would exceed 30 mm (p = 0.0001) and 70 mm (p = 0.0051) was predicted only by VAS day two. The prediction could not be improved by including VAS at four hours, VAS day one, age, depression or pain treatment method.
Figure 2. The figures show the probability that VAS exceeds 30 mm and 70 mm days one, two and three depending on previous VAS values. If e.g. the VAS value is 40 after four hours, the probability that VAS exceeds 30 mm day one is 95% and the probability that VAS exceeds 70 mm is 40%.
Figure 3. The figures show that patients with EDA were at higher risk for experiencing pain levels > 30 mm or > 70 mm day two after surgery compared to patients with ITA and SOA.
The study has demonstrated that in RP patients, age and depression are found to be predictors of postoperative pain. A pain level > VAS 30 mm at one occasion during the three postoperative days was predicted by age, and a pain level > VAS 70 mm was predicted by depression. From a treatment perspective we wanted to predict whether the patient needs treatment in the next future, so that we, in the best case, can give the treatment before the pain has increased above 30 mm on the VAS scale. For that purpose we did not need to make a prediction at baseline or by use of the baseline values. We needed to make a prediction with a time horizon of a few hours only to get the opportunity to treat the patient. By use of logistic regression analysis we found that the only factor that could predict pain was the previous VAS score, except for day two, when we found that patients with EDA reported significantly higher pain scores than the patients with other pain treatments. A surprisingly finding was that as much as one out of four patients (23%) of the total sample and 30% of the EDA patients experienced severe pain.
Patients undergoing the same type of surgery are often given the same type of postoperative pain treatment, but age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors may influence the variance in analgesic needs [26]. With a univariate analysis, age was found to be predictor of pain > 30 mm, with younger patients at a higher risk of experiencing pain. Others have also found younger patients to report higher pain scores than older ones [12,15,27], possibly reflecting that young patients with a cancer diagnosis may experience greater distress than older patients because of the effect of serious illness on their life and therefore report higher pain levels [4]. In patients using postoperative patient-controlled analgesia, age is found to be the best predictor of postoperative morphine requirements [26]. We found no correlation between age and the opioid consumption in the present study.
Preoperative emotional variables such as anxiety and depression have been found to influence pain experience. In this study we found depression to be of importance for a pain level > VAS 70 mm. In a previous study, we found depression to be a predictor of pain in RP patients, and that preoperative depression also affected pain and depression after discharge from hospital [28]. Even in multivariate studies, depression has been shown to be a strong predictor of postoperative pain [15,29]. Pre-operative state anxiety has repeatedly been shown to correlate with post-operative pain severity [15,27]. In this study we only found a tendency that preoperative anxiety would influence the postoperative pain. High expected pain severity has been found to predict severe pain [11,12]. This was not confirmed in the present study when more patients expected moderate/severe pain to a higher degree than was actually experienced.
Regarding MHLC, it has previously been shown that patients who are more internal, i.e. who believe that they can influence and are responsible for their own health [13], have lower pain scores and use less postoperative morphine [14]. This was however not confirmed in the present study, where we found no significant correlation between any of the different dimensions of the MHLC instrument and the pain intensity. The low predictive power of the MHLC variables might result from a relatively low sensitivity of the general MHLC scales to various problems of post-surgery patients [30].
In a multivariate analysis model we found the only predictor of the severity of postoperative pain to be the previous VAS value. Seventy percent of the patients with a pain score > VAS 30 mm at four hours after surgery continued to be in pain. Pre-emtive analgesia is a frequently discussed matter but studies comparing pre-incisional with post-incisional treatment have failed to provide convincing evidence for the value of preemptive analgesia [31]. Kissin [31] discusses the definition of preemptive analgesia and defines it as "treatment that prevent establishment of central sensitization caused by incisional and inflammatory injuries; it starts before incision and covers both the period of surgery and the initial postoperative period". This means that effective blockade of noxious stimuli during the initial postoperative period reduces subsequent postoperative pain [32]. Patients who wake up after surgery with insufficient pain relief should be treated immediately to avoid further pain.
Several studies have reported EDA with local anaesthetics combined with opioids as a safe and effective method [33,34]. Some studies though, report a fair amount of different complications to the epidural treatment, not only with hypotension, parestesis and motor blockade, but of technical complications and premature removal [35,36] which also may result in insufficient pain relief. In the present study, patients with EDA reported higher pain score day two than patients with ITA or systemic opioids. We have previously reported on EDA as an insufficient method for pain management in RP patients with the average patient not experiencing a pain score that was sufficient until day three [9]. The findings in our previous study were related to problems/barriers associated with the individual epidural pain treatment regime and an inadequate service response in general to patients with moderate or severe pain. Others have reported insufficient pain relief in patients with postoperative EDA, with one third of the patients suffering from significant pain [37]. In contrast to these findings, Caumo et al [15] found EDA to protect against moderate to intense postoperative pain. The method for treatment of postoperative pain at our hospital is today changed to ITA [10].
Nurses play an important role in the pain management. They assess and document pain, decide whether to administer analgesics, and they monitor the effect of medication which is prescribed and administered in a variety of ways. In the present study supplemental systemic opioids were supposed to be given on a PRN basis until pain relief was sufficient. There is evidence that nurses are conservative when making decisions about opioid dosing and frequency of administration [38]. Consistent with our findings, it has previously been reported that patients with mild pain receive significantly lower doses of opioids and even if higher doses of opioids are given to those with severe pain, these doses are not titrated to optimal reduction of pain severity [39]. Nurses do not always titrate opioids appropriately and do not increase subsequent doses of opioids when the previous dose has been safe but ineffective [40]. Under-medication of pain is often the result of the nurses' failure to involve patients in pain decisions and also of a lack of trust regarding the patients' reports concerning the quality of their pain [41]. Nurses have to be aware of the fact that in general, younger patients need more opioids than older patients. For their perception of patients' pain, doctors generally rely on nurses to report pain in their patients. If nurses underestimate and/or do not document pain, this is likely to result in under-medication in many patients [42].
The method for postoperative pain relief was gradually shifted from EDA to ITA which may have affected the study result. However, the patients were not assigned to different pain treatment methods depending on patient factors. All of the patients were men, with the same diagnosis, who underwent the same kind of surgery and all patients were interviewed about their pain experiences in a consistent way and the result should therefore be valid.
Patients were asked once a day about their "worst pain" experienced during the preceding 24 hours, though it was not possible to meet all patients for an interview more often than once a day. This method of pain assessment with an overall daily retrospective estimation may overlook periods with more or less pain [43]. However, others have reported about a significant correlation between moderate/severe pain when frequently reported and when measured once daily [44].
The results of the present study show that it would be meaningful to identify at least a subgroup of RP patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain. This could be related to an insufficient treatment per se. It could however also imply that pain once manifested is not easily converted despite a generous analgesic treatment. This may be more evident in subgroups of patients, e.g. younger and depressive patients, who might benefit from a more aggressive therapy instituted in the very early postoperative period. When using EDA, the patients and the epidural catheters should be observed closely and systematically, by adequately trained members of the staff competent to detect inadequate analgesia and potential problems with the use of EDA, and to implement proper solutions [35]. This requires proper training of staff outside the formal anaesthetic unit, but still this will not exclude the continuous need of an adequate communication between the anaesthesiologists, who insert the epidural catheter, and the ward staff who cares for the patients postoperatively.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
KWE and BS were responsible for the study design. KWE performed the data collection. All authors contributed to the data interpretation, helped to write the manuscript and approved the final version.
We are grateful to Anders Odén, professor in biostatistics at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden who performed the statistical analysis of this study.
The study was supported by grants from the Health and Medical Care Executive Board of the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


text:
Rockbox mail archiveSubject: Incorrect battery level indication?From: Hans Baumeister (hdb_at_hdbconsult.de) Date: 2003-11-30
I've just upgraded my Jukebox Recorder (6GB) with everything... new hard
Everything is supie, except for one thing: while the battery voltage is
Current version of Rockbox is today's (i.e.: rockbox-recorder-20031127),
Any ideas anyone?
Best regards,
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
April 1945. The end of World War II finally appears to be nearing. The Nazis are collapsing in Europe, and the Americans are vastly overpowering the Japanese in the Pacific. For a group of pilots in their early 20s who were trained during the twilight of the war, the biggest concern is that they'll never actually see real action and will go home without having a chance to face the enemy. They call themselves Tail-End Charlies. They fly at the tail end of formations, stand at the tail end of chow lines, and now they are prepared for battle at the tail end of the war. Little do they know that they will be key players in the most difficult and bloodiest of naval battles---not only of World War II but in all of American history: the campaign to take the Japanese island of Okinawa to serve as a basis for an eventual invasion of Japan. Derived from interviews with and newly discovered memoirs, journals, and correspondence of Okinawa veterans from both the American and Japanese sides, The Twilight Warriors provides a thrilling you-are-there narrative. Like the HBO series The Pacific, this book combines thrilling action with human stories of courage and sacrifice and triumph. It's Band of Brothers at sea and in the sky.
©2010 Robert Gandt (P)2010 Tantor
"An exceptional read!"
A great book! This book had more history about the war in the Pacific than any other book I have ever read. The writing is flawless and the narration is fantastic.
If you are into WWII history, this is a must have!
"Excellent Selection: One of the Best in this Genre"
Twilight Warriors was very good on several levels. I have read/listened to many books on the War and this one does an excellent job of combining all three phases of the battle for Okinawa: air, land and sea. Plus the author delves into the lives of the common soldier/sailor/flyer but also provides insight into the Naval admirals as well. And he does this for the Japanese combatants as well. It's rare to find this much detail in one book. My only complaint is that you find yourself wanting more detail about the experiences of certain people over others but then the book would have been twice as long. There is more time spent on the flyers that the other two parts of the battle but again, there is only so much that can be provided in a book of this size. Overall, the author weaves the story together quite well.
The reader also did an excellent job. His tone and timing and voice quality were excellent. I highly recommend this book if you are interested in the Pacific War.
"Very well written and narrated"
Twilight Warriors is a great book for those interested in the technical and human elements at work in an epic battle. The beginning of the book delves into the preparations for the invasion of Okinawa and those who thought that they would never see action. They were very mistakened. It becomes a struggle between two forces bent on destroying one another but for different reasons which become apparent. It commemorates the bravery and valor of American troops and a religious fanaticism that drove Japanese men to die in suicide fashion to drive off the American ships. John Pruden does a great narration on this fabulous book.
Retired and enjoying audiobooks while engaged in my favorite hobby, building model airplanes.
"Great history of the last months of the Paific war"
I knew about the ships and aircraft in the story and served on the USS Bennington mentioned in the story. Much later however.
The Japanese planned attack by Japanese Betty bombers carrying the Baka Bombs
Good reading, factual and certainly not boring.
"Not my favorite but informative"
It is a good telling of the Okinawa conflict, but lacks drama. The narrator was clear and audible, but lacked drama of a major battle. Over 100,000 Japanese soldiers died in this battle and I believe that many or more civilians, but I didn't walk away feeling the major loss of life. The book does include Japanese events and soldiers accounts, but again if you lost so many in several weeks then where is the pain, shame and suffering? The American GI's were gung ho young soldiers. Most were "tail end Charlie's" who wanted to get into the war before it was over. A tribute to that generation who were very willing to defend their country and contribute their lives to the war. I don't see that in the current generation.
If you want to learn general knowledge of battle and terms and details of which I was not aware of then it is a good quick read. Such as the Yamata was the largest battleship in the Pacific, or the use of oka's with the kamikaze pilots.
"Good story, but kind of an odd focus"
This book is an excellent description of the battle of Okinawa, but its focus on USS Intrepid seemed a little artificial and unnecessary.
There are no listener reviews for this title yet.


text:
Morning Call: pick of the papers
The ten must-read comment pieces from this morning's papers.
The ten must-read comment pieces from this morning's papers.
by New Statesman Published
1. The new cabinet: shuffling to the right (Guardian)
The reshuffle will stir searching questions for the dwindling band of progressives who have until now given this government the benefit of the doubt, says a Guardian editorial.
2. Mr Cameron throws down the gauntlet (Daily Mail)
The biggest question of all is how the new Tory team will fare against entrenched Lib Dem resistance, says a Daily Mail editorial.
3. Obstacles removed. Now get on and govern (Times) (£)
By moving a few big beasts and tweaking the lower ranks, Cameron has created a team more in his own image, writes Daniel Finkelstein.
4. What a reshuffle. It's the return of Brown and Blair (Guardian)
David Cameron can wail, but he is the real ditherer – ever more Tony Blair to George Osborne's Gordon Brown, says Simon Jenkins.
5. Belfast riots are price of poor politics (Independent)
Riots on the streets of Belfast look alarmingly like a return to the bad old days, says an Independent editorial.
6. Memo to ministers – ignore the briefing (Financial Times)
The newcomers need to take a calculated risk and settle on a main priority, writes James Purnell.
7. Hard graft can make Britain great again (Daily Telegraph)
We need to take a long, hard look at the policies that discourage the strivers in our society, says Dominic Raab.
8. Chancellors are supposed to be hated – it's part of their job (Independent)
The general squeeze will not relent, writes Hamish McRae. Finance ministers will be unpopular.
9. Merkel's good politics and bad economics (Financial Times)
Draghi's medicine may deliver short-term relief but no long-term cure, writes Josef Joffe.
10. Longer speeches only signal a hard slog ahead (Daily Telegraph)
The first day back at Holyrood suggests there's not much to look forward to this term, writes Alan Cochrane.


text:
Originally written on
Last updated 11/9/14
Edwin Jackson is only 29 years old, but he's already played for seven Major League Baseball franchises. While that may be a red flag to a lot of teams, the Chicago Cubs are about to give the right-hander a lot of money to join his eighth club.
CSNChicago.com's Patrick Mooney reports that Jackson has agreed to a four-year contract worth $52 million. The 29-year-old is coming off of a 2012 season with the Washington Nationals where he went 10-11 with a 4.03 ERA in 189 2/3 innings.
#Cubs have signed Edwin Jackson (four years, $52 million) and Carlos Villanueva, pending physicals.— Patrick Mooney (@CSNMooney) December 20, 2012
Jackson has already pitched for the Dodgers, Rays, Tigers, Diamondbacks, White Sox, Cardinals and Nationals. He has a 70-71 career record with a 4.40 ERA. However, he has started to show improvement over the last three years. He's 32-32 over that time with a 4.10 ERA, including a 22-20 combined mark with a 3.91 ERA in his last two seasons. Jackson was an All-Star in 2009, arguably the best year of his career. A year later, Jackson threw a no-hitter with Arizona, shutting out Tampa Bay, despite walking eight and throwing 149 pitches.
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text:
In Offense/Defense we see man's attempt to mask himself for physical, spiritual and psychological reasons. The Japanese Somen mask was developed in the 16th century during a time of civil war. Firearms had been introduced in 1543 via a shipwrecked Portuguese trader, necessitating further developments in armor. Fiercely grotesque, the Somen masks were designed for protection and to inspire terror in the enemy; the psychological side effect, of course, was to create an invincible persona for the samurai who wore them. Today's hockey masks operate under a similar set of principles. They protect the player from flying pucks, but they also present an intimidating and dehumanized appearance to the opponent, an image of invincibility that can inspire the player as well. The similar offensive and defensive functions of the mask call to mind the ritualized ways in which professional sports mimic warfare -- loyalties, rivalries and the drama of combat.
The exhibition's installation becomes a little strung out as it runs across a series of galleries in the back of the Caroline Weiss Law building. Awkwardly bisected by a museum shop with mask-related merchandise, the show jolts you from viewer to consumer mid-exhibit. There are a host of compelling and provocative objects in the exhibition, but they would be better served by a warmer installation. Whether a budgetary or aesthetic decision, the predominance of stark white walls feels too clinically sterile and removed from the context of life. The several places that utilize color or a backdrop work much better, although their infrequency makes them slightly awkward. The exhibition catalog, by contrast, is wonderful; its lush images are shot against a dark background that highlights the objects.


text:
ATP, WTA Grasscourt PreviewsPosted on June 9, 2008 The Artois Championships, Queen's Club, England
Grasscourt Defending Wimbledon runner-up Rafael Nadal leads the star-studded field at Queen's, joined among the Top 8 seeds by Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick, David Nalbandian, Richard Gasquet, Andy Murray, Paul-Henri Mathieu and Ivo Karlovic. The Top 8 seeds receive byes, but opening-round matches of interest include Roddick vs. the winner of Robby Ginepri and Vince Spadea in an all-American, No. 9 Fernando "Hot Sauce" Verdasco vs. Hyung-Taik Lee, and American John Isner vs. South African Kevin Anderson in a college rematch. Potential quarterfinal match-ups include (1) Nadal vs. (8) Karlovic, (3) Roddick vs. (6) Murray, (5) Gasquet vs. (4) Nalbandian, and (2) Djokovic vs. (11) Hewitt. Last year Roddick won his fourth Queen's title in the last five years. Gerry Weber Open, Halle, Germany Grasscourt World No. 1 Roger Federer had won the Halle title four years running last year before withdrawing from the event citing fatigue. This year the Swiss will try to make it five consecutive titles in his last five appearances. Federer is joined among the seeded players by American James Blake, defending champion Tomas Berdych, Russian Mikhail Youzhny, Cyprus' Marcos Baghdatis, Czech Radek "The Worm" Stepanek, Finn Jarkko Nieminen, and Croat Ivan Ljubicic. Federer's early road in Halle is not a difficult one, with an opener against German Michael Berrer, and a second-round meeting with a qualifier before potentially meeting Baghdatis in the quarters. Opening-round matches of interest include (4) Youzhny vs. Dmitry Tursunov in an all-Russian, (8) Ljubicic vs. the serve-and-volleying Frenchman Michael Llodra, (6) Stepanek vs. former No. 2 Tommy Haas, and (3) Berdych vs. former Slam champion Thomas Johansson. In last year's final, Berdych defeated Baghdatis in straight sets. Orange Warsaw Open, Warsaw, Poland Claycourt Why take to the grass when you can still play on clay? Nikolay Davydenko and Tommy Robredo lead the field at the Orange Warsaw Open, joined by seeds Juan Monaco, Gilles Simon, Guillermo Canas, Potito Starace, Marcel Granollers and Al Montanes. Former French Open runner-up Guillermo Coria also continues his comeback in Warsaw, opening against France's Florent Serra. Robredo is the defending champ, last year topping unseeded Jose Acasuso in the final. DFS Classic, Birmingham, England Grasscourt The grasscourt season on the WTA Tour kicks off Monday with the 56-draw at the DFS Classic in Birmingham, England, an event surprisingly devoid on stars. France's Marion Bartoli is the lone Top 10 representative, with only 10 players ranked within the Top 50. Russian Dinara Safina withdraw after reaching the French Open final. Joining Bartoli among the Top 8 seeds are Nicole Vaidisova, Sybille Bammer, Alona Bondarenko, Sania Mirza, Olga Govortsova, and Tamira Paszek. Barcelona KIA, Barcelona, Spain Claycourt Israel's Shahar Peer is one of the top attractions at one of the newest events on the WTA Tour, the second-annual Barcelona KIA. Peer is joined by top seeds Maria Kirilenko, Dominika Cibulkova, Lucie Safarova, Pauline Parmentier, Sara Errani, Klara Zakopalova and Tathiana Garbin. Also in the draw is French Open breakthrough Spaniard Carla Suarez Navarro, who reached the quarters at Roland Garros with wins over Amelie Mauresmo and Flavia Pennetta. In last year's final American Meghann Shaughnessy beat Edina Gallovits in the straight set final. |


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text:
Mon Sep 30 2002 19:04:
After work today (and after haircut and buying a kitty condo at Petsmart) I worked on fixing up all my old clothes for the yard sale. My closet is bare, bare. Some of the clothes I hate to give up, but they are wayyyy too big. I also cleaned out the computer room and moved my shoes and laundry to another closet. I felt like a real packrat-- or a crow-- carrying all that stuff around. I believe I have much less "junque" than the average person, and still I have a whole garage full. Atrophy, entrophy, and the clandestine reproduction of coat hangers.


text:
Cameron, R.P. (2005) Truthmaker necessitarianism and maximalism. Logique et Analyse, 48. pp. 43-56. ISSN 0024-5836
Full text available as:
TM_Necessitation.pdf Available under licence : See the attached licence file. Download (157Kb) |
In this paper I examine two principles of orthodox truthmaker theory: truthmaker maximalism - the doctrine that every (contingent) truth has a truthmaker, and truthmaker necessitarianism - the doctrine that the existence of a truthmaker necessitates the truth of any proposition which it in fact makes true. I argue that maximalism should be rejected and that once it is we only have reason to hold a restricted form of necessitarianism.
Item Type: | Article |
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an author produced version of a paper subsequently published in Logique-et-Analyse. Uploaded with permission from the publisher. |
Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Arts (Leeds) > School of Humanities (Leeds) > School of Philosophy (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Leeds Philosophy Department |
Date Deposited: | 10 Oct 2007 12:01 |
Last Modified: | 04 Jun 2014 18:16 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | National Centre for Logical Investigation |
Refereed: | Yes |
Related URLs: | |
URI: | http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/3217 |


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Calendar of Events
Your guide to all of our upcoming programs at Trout Lodge and Camp Lakewood. Click on the title of the event, below, for detailed event information.
June 15, 2015 - June 17, 2015
Train to facilitate groups of up to 12 people ages 9 and up on the Alpine Tower.
Adult Programs | Special Theme Weekends and Weekend Events | Team Building Certifications


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Reviews Summary |
Está Vivo produces the type of playful, tropical folk that could serve as a soundtrack to a late night beach party - Chicagoist / Not only an exploration into summery, tropical sounds, but also into the intricacies of romance and love - Some Kind Of Awesome / Creating a life-affirming free-for-all wrapped in a lo-fi indie rock / indie folk package with electronic music influences - Spacelab TV |
Reviews |
Está Vivo has been slowly but consistently churning out dreamy pop melodies. He recently released a two-track digital album "My Thing//Green Thumb." In just a few minutes he creates a sleepy yet sophisticated atmosphere worth floating in. - Control Alt Delight |


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The Tuesday Count: Florida measure to rejuvenate conservation fund on 2014 ballot
January 21, 2014
Edited by Ryan Byrne
1 certification
53 measures for 2014
Environment (News)
Marriage education (Quick hits)
GMOs (Spotlight)
An organization known as "Florida's Water and Land Legacy, Inc." has garnered the support of over 400 environmental, recreational, political, religious and women's organizations and 300 small businesses to put the Water and Land Conservation Initiative on the November 4, 2014 ballot.[3][4] The initiative proposes a new revenue source for the LATF, namely, the existing excise tax on documents. The measure would not appropriate all revenue from the excise tax, just 33 percent.[5] According to the Financial Impact Estimating Conference, the "amendment does not increase or decrease state revenues" since the would-be appropriated funds already exist.[6] The measure has drawn opposition from Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam (R) and the Florida Chamber of Commerce. Putnam stated, "I've certainly demonstrated my support for buying easements and accomplishing water and wildlife benefits from the use of acquisition programs. But I'm troubled by writing into the constitution elements of the budget." The Gainesville Sun editorial board offered a rebuttal, saying, "[Putnam's words are] politico-speak for "Don't try to tell us how to spend your money, voters."[7]
The Florida Water and Land Legacy, Inc. turned in 690,802 valid signatures to the Department of State on January 16, 2014. That number is slightly more than the 683,149 signatures necessary to get the initiative on the ballot. The organization needed to submit their last signatures by February 1, 2014. In Florida, the ballot title and summary must be approved by the Florida Supreme Court. On September 26, 2013, the court ruled the measure's language to be accurate, concise and constitutional. On January 17, 2014, the measure was certified for the ballot and assigned the title "Amendment 1."[5]
Florida may have a second initiative on the ballot, the Right to Medical Marijuana Initiative, which would legalize medical marijuana.[8] People United for Medical Marijuana filed more than 1.1 million signatures on January 15, 2014.[9] The signatures are still being validated by the State Department. The measure has not yet been approved by the Supreme Court, however. Attorney General Pam Bondi (R) has filed a challenge to the Supreme Court, arguing, "The [medical marijuana] proposal hides the fact that the Amendment would make Florida one of the most lenient medical-marijuana states, allowing use for limitless 'other conditions' specified by any physician. With no 'condition' off limits, physicians could authorize marijuana for anything, any time, to anyone, of any age. But rather than tell voters of this extraordinary scope, the summary uses language to prey on voters' understandable sympathies for Florida's most vulnerable patients — those suffering 'debilitating diseases."[10] The Supreme Court has until April 1, 2014 to decide the measure's validity and constitutionality.[11]
2014 Count | |
Number: | 53 measures |
States: | Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Montana Nevada, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas and Wyoming |
Quick hits
State-mandated marriage education measure filed in Colorado: The Marriage Education Initiative has been filed by the organization "Kids Against Divorce" in Colorado. The measure would require mandatory, pre-wedding classes for couples wanting to get married. The couple's curriculum would be based on how many times a given person has been married. Classes would be 10 hours for a couple marrying for their first time, 20 hours for a couple where one or both persons is preparing to get married a second time and 30 hours for those preparing for marriage a third time. Proponents stated that the measure's purpose is to "better prepare individuals going into marriage to fulfill their new roles as spouse and potentially as parent, to furthermore protect children given that marriage is the foundation of a family unit."[12]
Georgia gubernatorial candidate introduces legislation for an education trust fund measure: State Senator Jason Carter (D-42), a candidate in the state's upcoming gubernatorial election, has expressed frustration over the state's education budget. He's proposed the Education Trust Fund Amendment, which would establish an education trust fund that is distinct from the state general budget and order legislators to first approve an education budget before negotiating a general appropriations budget.[13][14] Carter called his plan "fiscally conservative," noting, "Today, our education budget is a shell game. A separate education fund will make our investment in education the state's top priority. To me, setting out clear priorities for how our money gets spent - and living by them - is what it means to be a fiscal conservative."[15]
Proposed amendment would increase legislative term lengths and limits in Florida: The Legislative Term Lengths and Limits Amendment has been introduced into the Florida Legislature by Rep. Keith Perry (R-21). His measure would increase the term lengths for state senators from 4 years to 6 years and for state representatives from two to four years and increase term limits from eight consecutive years to 12 consecutive years for both.[16] Since the measure is an amendment, Floridians would need to approve the measure by a sixty percent majority vote on election day.
Advisory question on education funding tax introduced in Pennsylvania House: Pennsylvania constituents haven't voted on a ballot measure since 2008. State Rep. Dwight Evans (D-203) wants to change that. He has introduced legislation for the State Education Funding Tax Question, which would put a non-binding referendum regarding education funding on the ballot. The question would ask whether voters approve of an increased tax on either sales, personal income, business or a severance tax imposed on hydraulic fracking operations to raise an additional $1 billion annually for public education.[17] The non-binding question is unlikely to make the ballot, according to Franklin and Marshall College's Dr. Terry Madonna, a political science professor. He said, "There's no way the Republican-controlled legislature is going to do that. They're just not going to do that and they're obviously not going to do it in an election year."[18]
Louisiana senator wants a vote on public health care: Louisiana Sen. Ben Nevers (D-12) has introduced the Participation in Medicaid Expansion Amendment and Public Healthcare for People Below Poverty Line Amendment into the Louisiana Legislature. The first would order the state government to expand Medicaid as offered under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly known as "Obamacare." The second would require the state to provide public health insurance to people living below the federal poverty line.[19] The measures must first receive a two-thirds majority vote in the legislature before being placed on the ballot.
A second 2014 county initiative seeking to ban genetically modified organisms was announced, this time in California:
The Committee for a GMO Free Humboldt has requested and received an official ballot title and summary for an initiative measure that would, if successful, "prohibit the propagation, cultivation, raising, or growing of genetically modified organisms in Humboldt County." Humboldt is the second county in which a ballot measure banning genetically modified organisms has been announced for 2014. On May 20, residents of Jackson County, Oregon, which is only 200 miles from Humboldt, will vote on a similar ban. The Committee for a GMO Free Humboldt needs only 4,300 valid signatures to join Jackson county and qualify their ordinance for a voter decision. Leaders of the committee hope to collect between 8,000 and 10,000 signatures before Earth Day on April 22, 2014 to ensure qualification.[20]
The ordinance enacted by the approval of this measure on the November 4 ballot would classify the growth of genetically modified organisms as a public nuisance and would dictate that all violations be referred to the county agricultural commissioner. In the event of a violation, the genetically modified materials would be confiscated or destroyed and a fine could be imposed. In cases of a citizen making an allegation of GMO growing activity, the person with the complaint would be required to show convincing evidence of the violation.[20][21]
Bill Schaser, spokesperson for the Committee for a GMO Free Humboldt, indicated that the committee does not know what to expect in terms of opposition to the ordinance. Referring to chemical and agricultural industry lobbying groups that have spent large amounts of money in opposition to GMO labeling laws, GMO bans and other GMO restrictions, Schaser said, "I don't know what forces will come in here. Maybe the big boys will ignore us, but we have to be prepared." The group is looking to raise an initial $10,000 to begin campaigning for the measure, once it qualifies for the ballot.[20]
Interestingly, Schaser is supporting the initiative mainly from an economic, rather than environmental, perspective. Schaser said, "I'm not opposed to biotech. My big push is the question, 'Is [a GMO ban] in our best interest for Humboldt County's economic development?'" He also pointed to the success of local, organic farmers for whom it is essential to be able to guarantee the GMO-free status of their products, as their clients are willing to pay more for GMO-free and organic foods. Schaser said that the sale of local organic products totaled $44 million in 2011. He also indicated that it was becoming more and more difficult for farmers to find non-GMO seeds every year, which is inhibiting one of Humboldt's selling points and original goals: to "Make Humboldt County the good food capital of California".[21][20]
See also
2014 ballot measures |
Tuesday Count • 2014 Scorecard |
- Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2014
- 2014 ballot measures
- Local ballot measure elections in 2014
- Potential 2014 ballot measures
- ↑ Florida Department of Environmental Protection, "Land Acquisition Programs"," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ Bradenton Herald, "Time for Florida voters to protect natural resources with Water and Land Conservation Amendment," August 28, 2013
- ↑ The Gainesville Sun, "Alachua County among leaders in getting conservation initiative on ballot," January 18, 2014
- ↑ WUFT, "Florida Conservation Coalition Seeks Signatures For 2014 Ballot Amendment," September 24, 2013
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Florida Department of State, "Water and Land Conservation," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ Florida Office of Economic & Demographic Research, "Financial Impact Statement," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ The Gainesville Sun, "Voters should have chance to invest in state's natural legacy," December 1, 2013
- ↑ Florida Department of State, "Use of Marijuana for Certain Medical Conditions," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ Sunshine State News, "United For Care Gathers 1.1 Million Signatures for Marijuana Petition," January 15, 2014
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "PolitiFact Florida: Medical marijuana amendment has lenient 'condition' clause," January 5, 2014
- ↑ Orlando Sun Sentinel, "'Glimmer of hope' for medical marijuana in Florida," December 30, 2013
- ↑ The Denver Post, "Colorado ballot measure proposes education classes to marry," January 20, 2014
- ↑ WMGT, "Carter Proposes Georgia Education Budget Referendum," January 16, 2014 (dead link)
- ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Carter files resolution on education budget," January 16, 2014
- ↑ The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, "Jason Carter: Deal's education budget is 'shell game'," January 15, 2014
- ↑ Florida House of Representatives, "House Joint Resolution 613," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ Pennsylvania Legislature, "House Resolution 613," accessed January 21, 2014
- ↑ WHYY, "Rep. Dwight Evans calls for referendum on Pennsylvania education funding," January 14, 2014
- ↑ The Times-Picayune, "State senator will introduce constitutional amendments on Medicaid, health care for the poor," January 14, 2014
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Redwood Times, "GMO Free Humboldt launches signature drive for Nov. ballot measure," January 21, 2014
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Committee for a GMO Free Humboldt
- Original news reporting, Josh Altic, 2014
- Original news reporting, Ryan Byrne, 2014
- 2014 ballot news
- 2014 front page news
- Ballot measure legislation news
- January 2014
- Tuesday Count
- Florida 2014 news
- California 2014 news
- Colorado 2014 news
- Georgia 2014 news
- Pennsylvania 2014 news
- Petition drive articles, 2014
- State ballots, 2014


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Technically, Apes of a Cold God is Lovac's debut album, but the four members of the band have been making music for a while longer. Before now, they were known as Down in June, a Death in June cover band that released an album imaginatively titled Covers…Death in June. While Apes of a Cold God may be the band's first recorded set of originals, it's clear there is a chemistry here that goes beyond the typical debut album. Lovac's vision is a bleak one (perhaps that's not such a surprise, given that Death in June's Douglas Pierce probably doesn't even smile when you tickle him), but the band is tight and focused. Its sound is a goth-tronica hybrid that tinkers with ambience, electronic samples, and plenty of deliberately-strummed guitars and vocals that alternate between Erica Li Lundqvist's pure alto and Andreas Catjar's fragile baritone. It's not far from old Love is Colder Than Death, complete with some of the simplistic beats and heavy reverb that characterized some of that band's best moments. Apes of a Cold God isn't going to win any genre converts or inspire many diehard fans, but it's plenty of proof that this group of musicians can stand on its own, without the crutch of covers to fall back on.
- Multiple Songs MySpace


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Dec. 19 Men's Basketball Recap
Dec. 19, 2012 Five Miners scored in double-figures as UTEP defeated Oregon, 91-84, in a triple overtime thriller Wednesday. Sophomore Julian Washburn paced the Miners with 23 points and grad student Konner Tucker hit a three-pointer and sank two free throws in the final seconds of the third OT. Rice also played an overtime contest with visiting Chicago State, and the Owls won 63-60 behind a 22-point performance from Tamir Jackson. Tulane junior Josh Davis tossed in 23 points as the Green Wave defeated UT-Pan American, while Marshall had a big second half to post a 64-48 victory over Savannah State. Complete C-USA Standings and Results WEDNESDAY'S RESULTS C-USA MEN'S BASKETBALL SHOOTING STARS
UPCOMING GAMES Friday, December 21 All times Central. 2012-13 C-USA Men's Basketball Fact Book More information on your favorite team can also be found on the school web sites: East Carolina | Houston | Marshall | Memphis | Rice | SMU | Southern Miss | Tulane | Tulsa | UAB | UCF | UTEP
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Could I be having twins?
I am a smaller framed person 5'5" & 117 lbs. But I have already moved into maternity clothes as of 6 weeks. now at seven I have a pronounced belly that those close to me have noticed. Is there a chance I could be having twins?
Posted: 09/01/2010 by joyfulheart37
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It is pretty unlikely, it is more than likely just bloating right now. In the beginning your body will retain a lot of water. With your small frame you are expected to show sooner then other women but it is more than likely not caused by you carrying twins.posted 09/01/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
Unlikely. How and when you show has more to do with you body type, pre-pregnancy weight and genetics. Smaller framed women tend to show earlier than larger or taller women since baby has no where to go but out.posted 09/01/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
thanksposted 10/12/2010 by joyfulheart37
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Monitors Forum
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Zemerick Savannahmonitorlover |
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Sav burrowing My sav doesn't burrow ..at all ...not panicking just curious if im doing something wrong as far as husbandry. He or she has 14" sub. Basking at 125 low side at 80. |
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Message To: Zemerick In reference to Message Id: 2267654 Sav burrowing Well what is the substrate? Sand dirt mixture? |
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text: DJ LOGIC ON TWITTER Go follow DJ Logic on Twitter @projectlogic DJ LOGIC TO PLAY CATSKILL CHILL DJ Logic is going to be returning to the Catskill Chill, one of his favorite festivals this September 7th through 9th with some solo DJ sets and also performing as a member of Headtronics. Also appearing will be Lotus, Conspirator, Soulive, Particle, Break Science and many more. You can get tickets and see the full line-up at www.catskillchill.com. DJ LOGIC TO PLAY CATSKILL CHILL DJ Logic is going to be returning to the Catskill Chill, one of his favorite festivals this September 7th through 9th with some solo DJ sets and also performing as a member of Headtronics. Also appearing will be Lotus, Conspirator, Soulive, Particle, Break Science and many more. You can get tickets and see the full line-up at www.catskillchill.com. BERKS FEST GLOBAL NOIZE TICKET GIVEAWAY We are giving away 4 Tickets to see Global Noize at The Berks Jazz Fest on March 24 - 2 tickets for the early show and 2 for the late show - It will include 1 nights hotel at the festival-write to firstname.lastname@example.com. We will put the names in the hat and pick the two winners. Global Noize at Berks Fest will be Jason Miles, DJ Logic, Falu, Jay Rodriguez, Will Calhoun, Amanda Ruzza, Mino Cinelu and Maurice Brown - It's gonna be rockin. DJ LOGIC ON NEW OAR ALBUM DJ Logic is a guest on the title track of the new OAR album titled "King" that is in stores now. Also featured on the track is the one and only Russell Simmons. You can go check it out on Amazon. NEW GLOBAL NOIZE ALBUM A new Global Noize (Project Featuring Jason Miles, Falu & DJ Logic) album will be released shortly. Check out the album cover to the right (click to enlarge). Also a few new US GLobal Noize dates in July (The 30th at Belleayre Music Festival and the 31st At The Falcon in Marlboro, NY) and October (10/04 at The RockWood Music Hall in New York City). WIDESPREAD PANIC REMIX In addition to the five Sierra Leone remixes that launched a few weeks ago (get those HERE), also today we have another Remix for you as part of Widespread Panic's Dirty Side Down Remix project. Go get the DJ Logic Remix of "Dirty Side Down" over on Widespread's Site. BONNAROO & JAMCRUISE DJ Logic will be making a return to both Bonnaroo's Silent Disco and JamCruise. Bonnaroo is on-sale now through www.bonnaroo.com. JamCruise tickets will have their general on-sale on May 24th, you can see the line-up and get more info at www.jamcruise.com. It's going to be the 10th JamCruise, so come celebrate the anniversary on the boat. DJ LOGIC SIERRA LEONE ALL-STARS REMIX As a long time fan of the Sierra Leone All-Stars DJ Logic was thrilled to be able to remix a few of their tracks from Rise & Shine. The Result is Sierra Leone's Refugee All-Stars Meet DJ Logic - "Rise & Shine Remixes" a brand new digital EP available now through Bandcamp and available soon through iTunes and other digital outlets. Go get the free track "Muloma Remix" here. BITCHES BREW REVISITED DATES ADDED IN JUNE A bunch of new tour dates have just been confirmed, including a few dates with Bitches Brew Revisited in June. Check out some pictures of BBR from Paris, France on 2/04 here. MONDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL @ BROOKLYN BOWL Logic's going to be spinning during a select handful of Monday Night Football games at Brooklyn Bowl this season. First up is Jets vs Ravens this Monday night. Its an early game at starts at 7pm, Doors will open at 6pm. DJ LOGIC INTERVIEWED FOR NY1 Logic was interviewed by NY1 for a story about the Bitches Brew Project. Check it out here. DJ LOGIC & VINCE WILBURN JR. - THE DYNAMIC DUO DJ Logic just taped a spot for The Revivalist with Vince Wilburn Jr. Should be up soon, but check out the mention and photo over at www.urbannetwork.com. DATES WITH LORD T & ELOISE IN SEPTEMBER DJ Logic will be doing a couple dates with Lord T & Eloise at the beginning of September in Savannah, GA, Wilmington, NC, Charleston, SC & Asheville, NC. Hope to see you out there. DJ LOGIC TO HEADLINE THE PSYCHEDELIC BICYCLE RIDE DJ Logic will be performing at BICYCLE, which is a one day event taking place at Club 6 in San Francisco on August 4th from 5pm-2am. Showcasing a full roster of psychedelic and visionary artists in a gallery setting and moving into an epic projection art and a set from DJ Logic later in the evening. You don't want to miss this celebration, and for more info and tickets you can head to www.psychedelicbicycleride.com. DJ LOGIC TO RETURN TO BONNAROO'S SILENT DISCO Logic will be once again spinning in the Silent Disco at Bonnaroo!!! He will be spinning sets late on Friday Night (2am-5am) and Saturday afternoon (4pm-7:30pm). See you there. DJ LOGIC TO PERFORM W/ THE CAL POLY JAZZ BAND Come check out the Cal Poly Jazz Band performing with DJ Logic this Saturday night at the San Luis Obispo PAC. Tickets can be purchased in advance here. BITCHES BREW IN BROOKLYN & AT MONTREAL JAZZ Bitches Brew (featuring Graham Haynes, James Blood Ulmer, DJ Logic & More) will be performing a free show in Brooklyn's Prospect Park on June 19th as part of the Celebrate Brooklyn! Concert series. Bitches Brew will also be performing on June 25th at The Montreal Jazz Festival in Montreal, Canada. Hope to see you there. DJ LOGIC, STEVE MOLITZ & FREEKBASS TRIO SHOWS DJ Logic, Steve Molitz & Freekbass will be playing a string of shows together in April between April 20th and 24th. They will be hitting Kansas City, MO, St Louis, MO, Louisville, KY, Huntington, WV & Cincinnati, OH. Going to be a good time, so come check us out. LOGIC SITTING IN W/ SOULIVE IN BROOKLYN ON 3.13 DJ Logic will be sitting in with Soulive on Saturday March 13th @ Brooklyn Bowl in Brooklyn, NY. For more info and to get advance tickets head to www.brooklynbowl.com. COLORADO & GEORGIA Some shows have been announced in Colorado over the next few weeks, as well as Georgia in March. Keep checking back as more shows will be added soon. SHOW CANCELLATIONS Do to an injury DJ Logic has been forced to cancel shows scheduled for the next few weeks. The shows @ The Rex Theatre in Pittsburgh on 1.22, @ Play By Play in Cincinnati w/ Steve Molitz & Freekbass and @ The Starkville State Theatre in Starksville, on 1.29 have been postponed. Keep an eye here for later dates to be announced. We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused and we look forward to getting Logic back out on the road as soon as possible. DJ LOGIC @ THE CHRISTMAS JAM In addition to performing at The 21st Annual Christmas Jam this Saturday night in Asheville, NC, DJ Logic will also be taking part in Christmas Jam By Day @ Stella Blue on 12/11. He will be sitting with w/ Moon Taxi before taking the stage for DJ Logic vs. Thunderdrums. Tickets are available in advance at X-Mas Jam Ticketing. DJ LOGIC PERFORMING w/ CARLY SIMON & THE ROOTS Late Night w/ Jimmy Fallon GOOD MORNING NY & LATE NIGHT w/ JIMMY FALLON GOOD MORNING NY & LATE NIGHT w/ JIMMY FALLON This Wednesday (11/11) DJ Logic will be on Good Morning NY (On Fox 5 in NYC) and Late Night w/ Jimmy Fallon (NBC). Logic will be performing w/ Carly Simon, so make sure you tune in. DJ LOGIC ON THE TODAY SHOW DJ Logic was on the Today show w/ Carly Simon. Check it out: DJ LOGIC ON THE TODAY SHOW DJ Logic will be on the Today Show (NBC) on the morning of October 28th once again performing with Carly Simon. Make sure to tune in. DJ LOGIC ON GOOD MORNING AMERICA DJ Logic will be on Good Morning America this Monday morning (October 26th) performing with Carly Simon. Check it out, more TV appearances over the next few weeks as well. FREE DJ LOGIC DOWNLOAD OFF REMIXOLARIANS Fans of DJ Logic & Medeski, Martin & Wood can download DJ Logic's remix of "Flat Tires," a track off the upcoming Remixolarians component of Radiolarians: The Evolutionary Set right now at http://mmw.net/. LOGIC ON A MILES DAVIS PANEL AT THE CMJ MARATHON ON 10.21 DJ Logic will be speaking on a panel at the CMJ Music Marathon later this month in NYC. On Wednesday October 21st Logic will take part in the discussion: "Timeless Miles: 1959 - A Pivital Year In Music." The definition of cool can be summed up in two words: Miles Davis. Explore this timeless musical genius; The greatest year in jazz, music, arts and culture with the 50th Anniversary of landmark recording Kind of Blue, the all-time best selling jazz record, and Sketches of Spain, the key Gil Evans collaboration, and how the cycle repeats itself and connects to the present. For more info on signing up for passes for the Marathon head to www.cmj.com. CHANGE UP FEST 2009 FEAT DJ LOGIC & STEVE MOLITZ At Sonar in Baltimore, MD on October 29th, 2009. Doors 7pm, DJ Logic/Molitz headline from midnight to close. Other acts include Bossman, VooDoo Blue, Future Islands, Ms Sara and the Help, Gunfight!, Shook, The Dialogue, SoulCannon, Educated Consumers, DJ Pancakes, Soohan, Phil Real, & Bloodmobile. Head to www.sonarbaltimore.com for more info. LOGIC/O.A.R. IN PHILADELPHIA, PA ON 8.18 The DJ Logic sit in at MSG this past weekend was so much fun, we're going to do it again tomorrow in Philadelphia at Penn's Landing. To get tickets click here. Here is some video from this past weekend: LOGIC SITTING IN WITH O.A.R. ON 8.15 DJ Logic will be sitting in w/ O.A.R. this Saturday August 15th at Madison Square Garden. To buy tickets head here. DJ LOGIC AT BROOKLYN BOWL - FREE SHOW Those of you in Brooklyn on Tuesday August 4th can swing by the brand new Brooklyn Bowl tomorrow night as Logic will be the special guest performing with Eric Krasno & Chapter 2. Hope to see you there! For more info head to www.brooklynbowl.com. GLOBAL NOIZE BACK ON THE ROAD DJ Logic will be hitting the road as part of Global Noize in September. The band will start the tour off in Vail, Colorado before heading off for a string of dates in California. Hope to see you there LOGIC ON FACEBOOK Go become friends with DJ Logic on Facebook by clicking here. COLORADO LOGIC There are a few Logic shows in Colorado over the next 10 days. Telluride, Crested Butte, Salida & Fairplay on the 18th, 19th, 20th & 27th respectively. Come on out! LOGIC BACK ON JAMCRUISE DJ Logic will once again be sailing the high seas on Jam Cruise 8. This year the boat will be setting sail from Fort Lauderdale and head to Ocho Rios, Jamaica & George Town, and the Cayman Islands. The public on-sale for cabins is June 4th at Noon Eastern through www.jamcruise.com. JAZZ IN THE PRESENT TENSE Another week, another episode of Icons Among Us: jazz in the present tense premieres tonight (May 7th) on The Documentary Channel and it's rebroadcasting affiliates, including NYCtv25 (24). This episode, "In the Spirit of Family," is already receiving praise in advance reviews. For those of you who are unaware DJ Logic was interviewed and filmed for this series. DJ LOGIC - THE CAROLINAS DJ Logic just finished up a few dates with the New MasterSounds and had a blast. Next up for this weekend is 5.08 in Charleston, SC & 5.09 in Charlotte, NC, come on out! DJ LOGIC - SPRING BACK TO VAIL DJ Logic will be spinning twice in Colorado as part of Spring Back To Vail. On 4.18 he will be spinning during the Pond Skimming BBQ, and on 4.19 he will be spinning prior to the O.A.R. show. Both of these events are Free. For more info head to www.springbacktovail.com. DJ LOGIC ON FACEBOOK Those of you on Facebook can become fans of DJ Logic by heading to the brand new DJ Logic Musician Page. Go on over and become a fan. DJ LOGIC ON THE ROAD W/ THE NEW MASTERSOUNDS DJ Logic will be hitting the road for some dates with The New Mastersounds starting on April 22nd in Asheville, NC and running into May. The first week of shows has been announced, more dates will be announced shortly. DJ LOGIC SOLO SHOW IN THE NETHERLANDS DJ Logic just added a show at WATT in Rotterdam, Netherlands on February 20th. For advance tickets head to www.watt-rotterdam.nl. LOGIC TO PLAY THE CHICAGO GRAND PRIX DJ Logic will be spinning the Chicago Grand Prix event on April 10th at Logan Square Auditorium. The event serves as a showcase for progressive artists in fashion and music. Tickets are On-Sale Now at www.thechicagograndprix.com. LOGIC TO PLAY W/ MOKSHA & BRIAN STOLTZ Dj Logic is joining forces with Brian Stoltz and Moksha for a three show run out West. Starting in Las Vegas on Feb. 6th running through San Francisco on Feb. 7th and ending on the Redwood Coast of Humboldt County in Eureka CA on Feb. 8th. Moksha's grooves will ooze into your mind with a funk that balances with Dj Logic's sound sculpting and scratch skills to make for a thick melodic collage of Jamtronica. All the while, Stoltz takes it to the next level with his well known emotional precision and top caliber guitar playing. Moksha with Brian Stoltz and Dj Logic are sure to deliver a booty shaken good time. YOHIMBE BROTHERS TO TOUR EUROPE Dates are announced for a Yohimbe Brothers European Tour in February of 2009. We will be making stops in Spain, France and the Netherlands before returning stateside for a show in Bloomfield, NJ and New York City. |


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Larry Marbert, vice president of real estate and facilities, joined the University in 2007. He is responsible for developing and maximizing the value of over 10.5 million square feet of University-owned and operated real estate. He is responsible for eight departments: Real Estate, Campus Planning and Development, Facilities Design and Construction, Facilities Management, UM Police, Office of Emergency Management, Parking/Transportation, and Financial Management Services. Marbert has contract administration responsibilities for a number of subcontracted University services. Overall, he has responsibility for approximately 800 UM and contract service employees.
He was formerly assistant vice president for construction management at Baptist Health South Florida and spent 30 years in the newspaper business, holding positions that included senior vice president of operations for The Philadelphia Newspapers and vice president of technology and vice president for production and facilities at Knight Ridder, Inc. He holds a master's degree in management science from Auburn University.
Office: | Division of Real Estate & Facilities |
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StartUpHire is the place to find Marketing jobs in and near North Haven. Review the list of Marketing North Haven career opportunities to the left. These Marketing jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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2/1/2015 Fairfield, CT Save This JobMore information about this job: Overview: MegaPath Cloud Company, LLC (MegaPath) is a leading provider of Hosted Business VoIP and Cloud services for small, medium and enterprise businesses nationwide. Our Hosted Voice solution has won multiple 2014 Product of the Year awards,
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