text:
US 4835543 A Abstract A transmission line comprising a multi-layer dielectric slab structure including: a dielectric substrate layer (30) having a thickness ds and permittivity εs ; a conductive ground plane (31) on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate layer (30); a dielectric guiding layer (32) having a thickness h and permittivity εg, where εg >εs, attached to the top surface of dielectric substrate layer (30); at least one elongated and relatively narrow dielectric loading strip layer (33) having a width W, thickness d1, and permittivity ε1, where εg >ε1, attached to the top surface of the dielectric guiding layer (32); and a conductive coating (34) on the top surface of the dielectric loading strip layer (32). Such a structure permits single mode propagation over a relatively wide frequency band. Radiation losses due to coupling of the desired mode to the substrate modes and the conductors are furthermore reduced and the polarization of the dominant mode is such as to render said structure relatively insensitive to small deviations from parallelism among the different interfaces. This invention is directed to antenna structures formed from this type of multi-layer dielectric slab structure.
Claims(7) 1. An electromagnetic wave transmission line comprising:
(a) a dielectric substrate layer of permittivity εs and having first and second parallel surfaces; (b) a conducting coating on said substrate layer second surface; (c) a dielectric guiding slab layer of permittivity εg where εg >εs, having first and second parallel surfaces of a predetermined dimension, said guiding slab layer having its second surface attached to said substrate layer first surface; (d) an elongated dielectric strip of permittivity ε1 where εg >ε1, having first and second parallel surfaces which are substantially narrower than said predetermined dimension, said dielectric strip having its second surface contiguous to said first surface of said guiding slab layer, the elongated dimension of said dielectric strip defining the electromagnetic wave direction of transmission; (e) a conducting coating on said dielectric strip first surface, whereby single mode propagation is permitted over a relatively wide band and propagation of undesired modes in said substrate layer is suppressed and the characteristic impedance varies relatively little over a wide frequency range; and (f) means located at one terminal end of said dielectric strip for coupling electromagnetic energy to and from free space. 2. The transmission line structure of claim 1 wherein said means for coupling electromagnetic energy to and from free space includes a region at said one terminal end of said strip having a reduced thickness with respect to the remainder of said strip whereby energy propagating along said guiding slab layer couples to said region of reduced thickness and a conductive pattern distinct from said conductive coating on the outer surface of said strip at said region of reduced thickness.
3. The transmission line structure of claim 2 wherein said conductive pattern comprises a diffraction grating formed of a plurality of elongated conductive strips arranged with their long dimension extending transversely across the width of said dielectric strip.
4. The transmission line structure of claim 1 wherein means for coupling electromagnetic energy to and from free space includes said one terminal end having a permittivity εrad, where εrad >εg, εs and εl, whereby energy propagating along said guiding layer is substantially coupled to said one terminal end of said strip, said terminal end additionally having a shape for coupling electromagnetic energy to or therefrom.
5. The transmission line structure of claim 4 wherein said terminal end includes a tapered section for coupling electromagnetic energy to or therefrom.
6. The transmission line structure of claim 5 wherein said tapered section extends beyond the underlying guiding and substrate layers.
7. The transmission line structure of claim 4 wherein said terminal end is devoid of said conductive coating.
Description This application is a continuation in part of prior co-pending application Ser. No. 683,535, filed in the name of Hermann Brian Sequeira on Dec. 19, 1984 for "A Compound Dielectric Multi-Conductor Transmission Line" now, U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,404. This invention relates generally to high frequency transmission lines and more particularly to planar type waveguide structures for millimeter wave applications. Guided wave transmission lines are widely used to channel the flow of high-frequency electrical energy. Common examples of these transmission lines are the coaxial line, the hollow metallic waveguide and the optical fiber. All these waveguiding structures are useful in long link applications. However, in situations where the distance between the transmitting and receiving points is below a few inches, as in an integrated circuit, planar transmission lines offer an attractive alternative to these types of transmission lines. A variety of planar transmission line configurations are possible. In one type of planar transmission line, metallic conductors play a primary role in the waveguiding process. This includes the well known microstrip transmission line, the slotline, the coplanar waveguide, and coplanar strip line. In another type of planar transmission line, a dielectric strip plays a primary role in the waveguiding process. This includes the well known dielectric strip guide and the inverted strip guide, typical examples of which are respectively disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,643, entitled "Waveguide Having Strip Dielectric Structure", which issued to T. Itoh on June 7, 1977 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,330, entitled "Dielectric Waveguide" which issued to T. Yoneyama on July 31, 1984. In general, all of these offer significant savings in size and weight over the non-planar varieties. Further, monolithic and hybrid technologies are closely compatible with the planar configuration. Consequently, these technologies can be used to generate with higher producibility, systems which offer superior performance and enhanced reliability. When combined with high-volume batch fabrication, significant cost savings can result. This invention is directed to a multi-layer dielectric slab structure including a substrate layer and a guiding layer, with the substrate layer being bounded on the bottom side by a metal ground plane. A dielectric loading strip metallized on the top face comprises the top layer and forms the remainder of the structure. The layers of dielectric are primarily chosen with respect to their permittivities to keep the propagating energy away from the conductor surfaces, and thereby reduce conductor losses. The conductive coating on the top surface of the dielectric loading strip permits single mode propagation over a relatively wide frequency band and radiation losses due to coupling of the desired mode to the substrate modes are reduced and the polarization of the dominant mode is such as to render the structure of the transmission line relatively insensitive to small deviations from parallelism among the different interfaces of the structure. A whole family of devices evolves from such a structure including antennas to which this invention is directed. FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of a known prior art microstrip line; FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of a known prior art slotline; FIG. 1C shows a perspective view of a known prior art coplanar waveguide; FIG. 1D shows a perspective view of a known prior art coplanar stripline; FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of a known prior art dielectric strip guide; FIG. 2B shows a perspective view of a known prior art inverted dielectric strip guide; FIG. 3 is schematically illustrative of a guided wave mode in a slab type waveguide in accordance with the subject invention; FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a compound dielectric multi-conductor transmission line in accordance with this invention; FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the transmission line shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrative of a first embodiment of an antenna constructed in accordance with the waveguide structure shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the antenna shown in FIG. 6 taken along the lines 7--7 thereof and further illustrates the energy distribution across the interface of the dielectric layers to cause radiation; FIG. 8 is a perspective view illustrative of a second embodiment of the antenna configured from the transmission line shown in FIG. 5; FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrative of a first embodiment of an isolator device configured from the transmission line shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrative of a second embodiment of an isolator device constructed from the embodiment of the transmission line shown in FIG. 4; FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams helpful in understanding the operation of the isolator device as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10; FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrative of a circular type of coupling device configured from the transmission line shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrative of the pattern of the top loading strips formed on the device shown in FIG. 12; FIG. 14 is a partial cross sectional view illustrative of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12; FIG. 15 is a perspective view illustrative of an optically controlled switch device formed in accordance with the transmission line shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 16 is a perspective view illustrative of a device for providing a transition from rectangular waveguide to the subject transmission line as shown in FIG. 4; FIGS. 17 and 18 are schematic diagrams helpful in understanding the operation of the transition devicee shown in FIG. 16; FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrative of an embodiment for providing efficient coupling of power generated in an external device into the waveguide structure as shown in FIG. 4; and FIG. 20 is a perspective view illustrative of another embodiment of a configuration of coupling power generated in an external device into the transmission line structure shown in FIG. 4. Before considering the preferred embodiments of the invention, the details and limitations of known prior art structures shown in FIGS. 1A through 1D and 2A and 2B will first be discussed. The development of planar waveguiding structures for millimeter (mm)-wave applications has been proceeding for about two decades. An important concept in propagating energy in a waveguide is the notion of a mode. A mode is a spatial distribution of energy across the cross-section of the guiding structure. In general, a waveguiding structure can propagate several modes. Each of the modes has a characteristic cut-off frequency below which the waveguiding structure will not support it. It is customary to choose the cross sectional dimensions of the waveguiding structure such that, over the frequency range of interest, only one mode will be supported. This mode is often the one with the lowest cut-off frequency and is called the dominant mode and the cut-off frequency for the next higher order mode represents the useful frequency bandwidth for the waveguiding structure. Accordingly, it is customary to design structures for the widest possible bandwidth consistent with single-mode operation as described above. An important consideration in the design of a planar structure is the nature and behavior of the so-called substrate modes. These are undesirable parasitic modes which, if allowed to propagate, can cause severe transmission losses, especially at waveguide bends and discontinuities. Such consideration must be given attention over a wide range of geometric parameters, as well as over the entire operating frequency range. For example, in the non-radiative waveguide disclosed in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 4,463,330, Yoneyama, it is now established that small gaps, due to fabrication imperfections, between the metal planes and the dielectric materials leads to radiation loss. This occurs primarily because the electric field for the dominant mode is substantially parallel to the metal planes. It is desirable to establish the polarization of the dominant mode such that the electric field is largely normal to the metal planes. This is not possible with the nonradiative guide. Similarly, the strip dielectric waveguide structure of Itoh, disclosed in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,643, also has limitations. For one, its dominant mode is actually a mixture of two orthogonal polarization states. Consequently, some leakage via coupling to the parasitic substrate modes is unavoidable. Further, this coupling grows stronger as one progresses to lower frequencies since then, the difference between the guiding structure and the region external to it cannot be distinguished by the propagating energy. Additionally, the structure has no inherent mechanism for propagating direct current energy. Considering now the drawings, in the structures shown in FIGS. 1A through 1D, which are illustrative of known prior art, metallic strips are of primary importance in the waveguiding process. In the microstrip line of FIG. 1A, a conducting strip 10 is mounted on a dielectric 11 which is coated on its bottom surface with a metallic ground plane 12. In the slotline of FIG. 1B, two parallel conductors 13 are placed upon dielectric 14. In FIG. 1C, a coplanar waveguide configuration is shown in which three parallel conductors 15 are placed on dielectric 16, the two outer conductive strips acting as a ground plane. In FIG. 1D, coplanar conductive strips 17 are mounted on dielectric 18, but the edges of the strips are not coextensive with the edges of the dielectric slab, as they were in the slotline of FIG. 1B. The microstrip structure shown in FIG. 1A has proven the most versatile and successful among the prior art configurations using metallic strips. The microstrip type of transmission line has been successfully used in applications up to 60 GHz, but even at those frequencies, some of the problems associated with its use are evident. In microstrip, the substrate modes are suppressed by choosing a dielectric substrate that is thin enough. At 60 GHz, a typical substrate thickness must not exceed 8 mils. At higher frequencies, even thinner substrates must be used. The requirement of thin substrates bears important consequences for the electrical and mechanical properties of the microstrip structure. The impedance of a transmission `line in microstrip is primarily determined by the ratio of the conductor strip width W, to the dielectric thickness h, i.e. W/h. The value of W is bounded at the upper end by the requirement that it be small compared to the wavelength of the propagating energy at the frequency in question. The lower bound on W is determined by the accuracy and reproducibility with which a narrow line can be fabricated. These bounds in turn limit the range of line impedances available to the circuit designer. Consequently, the versatility of the structure is limited when very thin dielectric substrates are used. Another serious problem is transmission line loss. In microstrip, this loss is dominated by the ohmic losses in the metal conductors. These losses inherently increase with frequency, and in microstrip, are made to increase even more rapidly as thinner dielectric substrates are used. A third problem is related to fabrication. The thin substrates required make for very delicate in-process handling. Such processing conditions can result in poor fabrication yields. A fourth problem concerns the thermal properties of the structure. Ironically, this consideration leads to the conclusion that the substrate is not thin enough. If the dielectric substrate is a semiconductor on which truly planar transmitting sources are integrated, then the heat generated within these sources would have to be removed if the device is to survive operation. Unfortunately, most electrical insulators are also thermal insulators, diamond and beryllium oxide being exceptions, and consequently, the heat generating device would be thermally isolated from a heat sink, unless the substrate was made very thin. Several attempts have been made to reduce the impact of the above drawbacks, by inserting these substrates into waveguide enclosures to form fin-line and suspended-substrate-stripline configurations. However, these structures are limited by the dimensions of the waveguide enclosures in which they are housed. Besides, the advantages of size and weight are compromised somewhat, and the thermal problem is left unaddressed. The shortcomings of microstrip are described in Pucel, R. A., "Design Considerations for Monolithic Microwave Circuits", IEEE Trans., Vol. MTT-29, no. 6, pp. 513-534, June, 1981. Planar dielectric waveguides, on the other hand, offer more convenient substrate and guide dimensions, and also have low loss. Considering now FIGS. 2A and 2B, in FIG. 2A, a dielectric strip guide is shown in which a dielectric strip 19 is mounted on a dielectric slab 20 which is coated on its bottom surface with metallic ground plane 21. An inverted strip guide is shown in FIG. 2B in which a dielectric strip 22 is sandwiched between dielectric slab 23 and metallic ground plane 24. A key feature of planar dielectric structures is that they have very low loss at frequencies where the structures of FIG. 1A-FIG. 1D cannot be used at all. Thus, planar dielectric waveguides have been used at optical frequencies spanning the infrared to visible range. This is in part due to the outright absence of conductors or the relative remoteness of the conductor surfaces from the propagating energy. An elementary way of perceiving the guiding process is illustrated in FIG. 3. If light in an optically denser medium is incident on an interface with a relatively rarer medium, then total internal reflection off the interface occurs whenever the angle of incidence θ in the denser medium exceeds a certain critical angle. This critical angle is characteristic of the pair of materials forming the interface. If a slab of optically dense material, e.g. glass is sandwiched by optically rarer medium e.g. air, then waveguiding is possible by total internal reflection off both interfaces. The optically dense medium is called the guiding layer; the bounding rarer medium is called the cladding layer. The structure is appropriately called a slab waveguide. The planar dielectric structures of FIGS. 2A and 2B, however, suffer from the inherent limitation of being multi-modal in that they all support at least two modes. Any attempt to realize single mode operation usually results in a mode that is too weakly bound to the structure to be of any practical use. The very close separation in the cut-off frequencies between the dominant TM0 mode and the next higher TE0 mode forces either an acceptance of a very narrow band waveguiding structure, or a dual-mode guide. The coupling between these two modes can result in high radiation loss at discontinuities and bends, as well as increased coupling to the spurious substrate modes mentioned in connection with microstrip and dielectric strip waveguide. A second disadvantage of planar dielectric structures is their extreme sensitivity to the condition of the interface. Thus, any roughness in the surfaces of the guiding or cladding media or any bubbles trapped between them during the bonding process can have a profound influence on the losses due to random scattering from these centers at the boundaries. In view of the foregoing, the details of the various embodiments of this invention will now be considered. Referring now to FIG. 4, a substrate 30 whose permittivity is εs and whose thickness is ds is clad on one side, i.e. the bottom face, by a metal ground layer 31. The other side or top face of the substrate 30 is bonded to a dielectric guiding slab layer 32 whose permittivity is εg and whose thickness is h. A relatively narrower dielectric loading strip 33 of width W, thickness d1 and permittivity ε1 is bonded to the other side or top face of guiding slab 32. The propagating direction for the electrical energy is along its longitudinal axis. The upper face of the loading strip 33 is clad with a relatively thin metal layer or coating 34, which covers at least one third of the width W of the loading strip and extends uniformly, periodically or aperiodically along its length depending on the needs of the user. The permittivity εg of the guiding layer 32 is made to be greater than both the permittivity εs of the substrate 30 and the permittivity ε1 of strip 33 due to the fact that energy being propagated seeks the medium with the highest permittivity. The nature and thickness of metal ground layer 31 and metal cladding layer 34 are not critical. A waveguide structure in accordance with the configuration shown in FIG. 4 was constructed with a guiding slab layer 32 of RT "Duroid" 6010 and both the substrate dielectric 30 and strip 33 of alumina. "Duroid" is a trademark of Rogers Corp. for filled tetrafluoroeythylene material. The permittivities and dimensions were as follows: εg =10.6 ε0 ε1 =εs =9.7 ε0 where ε0 is the permittivity of free space, and h=0.025" d1 =ds =0.020" When the permittivities of the substrate 30 and strip 33 are equal, ε1 =εs the preferred ratio between each of the thicknesses ds and d1 of the substrate and strip and that of the guiding slab layer h is approximately 0.75. In the example described above, for practical reasons the thickness ratio was altered to 0.8. The line loss in this waveguide was measured at 94 GHz and was found to be only 0.4 db/inch, compared with a loss of 2.5 db/inch at that frequency for microstrip, an improvement of almost six to one. The transmission line of FIG. 4 combines the wideband feature of microstrip and the low loss characteristic of planar dielectric waveguides. Like the planar dielectric waveguide, it has no "sidewalls" so that scattering losses are reduced. Ohmic conductor losses are reduced substantially below those in an equivalent microstrip structure, permitting operation at higher frequencies. Further, the amount by which they are reduced increases as the frequency is increased. In the example presented, the conductor losses are 56% of their microstrip contributions at 75 GHz. At 100 GHz, they are 33% of their microstrip contributions. This is a significant result since conductor losses are known to increase with increasing frequency. It was earlier remarked that in the planar dielectric waveguide, including the strip-loaded guide, the dominant TM0 mode is not widely separated from the TE0 mode. The addition of metal conductors 31 and 34 in the manner shown is particularly significant in the instant invention in that the separation between these modes is widened, thus permitting single-mode operation over a wider band. The actual separation is determined by the ratio h/(ds +d1) i.e., a larger ratio results in a wider separation between the modes and hence, a wider operating bandwidth independent of the dielectric materials chosen so long as εs =ε1. The condition for mode separation is somewhat more complicated but nevertheless calculable when εs ≠ε1. In either case the dominant mode is the TM0 mode whose polarization is such that the electric field is largely at right angles to the metal conductors as required. This entire phenomenon was not previously anticipated. Also, the top conducting strip 34 serves as a reflector to confine the propagating energy to region 1 of the dielectric layers even at low frequencies. The substrate modes in the "wings" of the structure (region 2) have no such confinement means. Consequently, the effective dielectric constant of the wings will decrease with frequency whereas it will remain substantially constant in the region under the strip. This difference in the effective dielectric constants is what produces the confinement of the propagating energy which will therefore be well guided even at low frequencies and dc. The thickness of the microstrip substrate 11 of the known prior structure shown in FIG. 1 is limited because of the need to suppress the spurious substrate modes, as indicated previously. The most troublesome among these modes is the TE0 mode for a grounded dielectric slab. The structure shown in FIG. 4, on the other hand, suppresses the propagation of this TE0 mode, thus permitting the use of thicker substrates 30 at a given operating frequency than would be possible with a comparable microstrip guide. As a result, losses at waveguide bends and waveguide discontinuities will be greatly reduced. As illustrated by the foregoing example, the dimensions of the waveguide (FIG. 4) at the frequency range of 75-100 GHz will be larger than those of a micro-strip structure (FIG. 1) designed for that range. The choices of the guiding layer 32 thickness h, the substrate dielectric 30 thickness ds, and the loading strip 33 thickness d1, are determined by the desired frequency of operation and by the dielectric permittivities εg, εs and ε1. At a given frequency, a larger difference εg -εs or εg -ε1 will lead to smaller values of h, ds and d1, respectively. For example, if εs =ε1 =6.6 ε0 which corresponds to BeO, and εg =12.9 ε0 which corresponds to GaAs, then h=0.012" and ds =d1 =0.010" in order to yield a waveguiding structure of identical performance to the one quoted in the foregoing example. Thus, the advantage of thicker substrate material is surrendered somewhat if a large dielectric discontinuity exists at the relevant interfaces. Any or all of the dielectric elements 30, 32 and 33 of the structure shown in FIG. 4 may be semiconductors. Another unexpected result that emerges from a consideration of the new structure, particularly when semiconductors are used, is a method for exciting the dominant mode. The conventional shunt and series excitation in microstrip line are well known. In the present guide of the present invention, however, another excitation method exists. The excitation source may be located at the interface 29 between guiding layer 32 and substrate dielectric 30 or at the interface 31 between guiding layer 32 and strip 33. The excitation source would be oriented with its current transport direction parallel to the desired direction of propagation of the energy i.e. parallel to the longitudinal axis of the strip. This method of excitation is useful because: (i) the interface 29 or 31 is the natural location of a device integrated on a semiconductor guiding layer 32; and (ii) substrate 30 and strip 33 would provide dc isolation of transmission line conductors 31 and 34 from such a device. This is a convenient feature which adds to the design flexibility of the structure. In many respects, the transmission line of FIG. 4 resembles microstrip with the closeness of the resemblance under the designer's control. At low frequencies, its behavior is identical to microstrip. In effect, the structure of the present invention may be viewed as a means to extend the frequency of operation of microstrip circuits without having to change the substrate thickness. Thus, a 70 mil thick conventional microstrip configuration is only usable from dc to 14 GHz while the 70 mil compound dielectric slab in accordance with the invention and as presented in the design example above is usable from dc to 100 GHz. The characteristic impedance of the transmission line shown in FIG. 4 is determined primarily by the ratio of the width W of the loading strip 33 to the effective guiding layer thickness, (which is always somewhat larger than the actual thickness h), when the width is small compared to the wavelength. Change in width W can also be used to provide impedance matching and frequency filtering. For widths comparable to or larger than the wavelength, no complicated field analysis is required to define the impedance level, which is dependent on the operating frequency. However, this change need not be very large. In the design example presented, a 50Ω line at 75 GHz becomes a 64Ω line at 100 GHz. Smaller variations in impedance are possible with alternative designs at the cost of higher line loss. In the structure of FIG. 4, an appreciable amount of energy is propagated in the guiding and the substrate layers 32 and 30 where no "sidewall" losses are manifested. A smaller proportion of energy is present in the loading strip 33. This energy, however, is subjected to sidewall scattering loss. Besides, the fields at the edge of the conducting strip 34 are relatively higher, so that the scattering losses could be greater. A solution to this problem is to taper the sides of the dielectric loading strip 33 so that its cross section is no longer rectangular. FIG. 5 shows the special case of a symmetric linear taper so that loading strip 36 has the cross section of an isoceles trapezoid. The rest of the configuration is similar to that previously described with respect to FIG. 4. Strip 36 rests on guiding slab layer 37 which is in turn mounted on substrate dielectric layer 38. Ground plane 39 is coated on the bottom of layer 38 while a metal cladding layer 40 is formed on the top surface of the tapered loading strip 36. A variety of other tapers may also be used for strip 36 such as concave and convex circular, concave and convex hyperbolic, exponential, etc. The technique of tapering the strip 36 has some additional latent advantages: (i) It permits a wider range of conductor linewidths and can be realized without running into the mechanical difficulty of having to mount very thin strips edge-on on the guiding layer; (ii) The tapered sides "soften" the discontinuity at the strip's edge. This has the effect of focusing the energy towards the center of the strip. This focusing effect is increased if the taper is such that the slope at any point on it relative to the vertical is greater than the critical angle for that interface. The tapered sides also increase the separation between the TE0 and TM0 modes beyond the effect previously described. Thus, a wider operating bandwidth is permitted. Alternatively, for a given operating bandwidth, the conductor losses may be reduced even further. One of the anticipated disadvantages is the sensitivity of the propagating energy to imperfections of the tapered sides. This is expected to be more critical for high impedance (narrow conductor width) lines. However, such sensitivity will have a smaller impact than any corresponding effect in a competitive planar dielectric waveguide. The wide bandwidth afforded by the waveguide of this invention makes the medium ideally suited for digital transmission. Additionally, one or more of the dielectric layers 30, 32, 33 of FIG. 4 may be replaced by a non-reciprocal medium, including, for example, a ferroelectric or ferrimagnetic material such as Barium titanate or a ferrite. The relatively small volumes in which the propagating waves are confined would enable one to use smaller amounts of control energy, and yet maintain the control energy density (energy/volume) at high enough levels to manipulate the guided energy. In practice, this means that one may use smaller magnetic field strengths to manipulate the high-frequency energy in devices such as ferrite phase shifters and modulators as well as in circulators and isolators. The heat dissipation problem outlined earlier can be more effectively overcome by using materials, such as BeO, that are electrical insulators but thermal conductors for the substrate dielectric and/or dielectric strip. Since these materials can be brought in direct contact with the power-generating device, they can serve as a low thermal resistance path between the device and a heat sink. This now leads to a consideration of the family of devices shown in FIGS. 6 through 20. Antenna arrays are widely used in microwave and millimeter wave ground based and airborne systems. Planar arrays are attractive for airborne applications because of their lightweight structural compatability and low cost. Accordingly, FIGS. 6 and 8 are illustrative of two embodiments of antennas which can be configured from the basic transmission line structure shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 6, the dielectric loading strip 33 on top of the guiding layer 32 includes an abrupt transition to a region 42 of reduced thickness a which includes a plurality of transverse metal lines or strips 44 formed on the top surface thereof and which operate as a diffraction grating. Due to the fact that energy propagated in the guiding layer 32 has a distribution pattern across its thickness as shown by reference numeral 46 of FIG. 7, part of the energy couples to the adjoining regions of the loading strip 33 and the substrate 30, which if the thickness dimension is properly chosen, then sufficient energy exists in the region 42 to be radiated from the diffraction grating in a well known manner. While the transition in the loading strip 33 of FIG. 6 is shown as a step, the transition, when desirable, can be sloped and/or the grating element 44 can be formed in different shapes with the width and spacing of these elements being either periodic or aperiodic depending upon the desired radiation pattern. Also, the reduced region 42 can be made of a different dielectric which leads to consideration of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8. There a linear tapered transition of both the dielectric loading strip 33 as well as the top layer of metallization 34 is provided as shown by reference numerals 48 and 50, respectively, with a pointed radiator element comprised of dielectric having a permittivity εrad being provided as an extension of the layer 33. The permittivity εrad of the radiating element 52 is made to be greater than the permittivities of both the guiding layer 32 as well as the permittivities εs and ε1 of the layers 30 and 33. Since energy propagating in the transmission line seeks the highest dielectric medium, the radiating element 52 in effect lifts the guided mode off of the guiding layer 32. The radiating element 52 as shown also includes a tapered nose section 54 so as to efficiently radiate energy to free space or alternatively, to couple energy efficiently from free space into the transmission line. When desirable, the element 52 can be configured to include a suitable corrugation grid pattern or a combination thereof in a manner shown in FIG. 6. It may also be possible to fabricate the radiating element 52 from materials which are alterable electronically so as to alter the direction of radiation and thereby provide a scanning mode. Turning attention now to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, shown thereat are two configurations of a device known as a signal isolator which permits the flow of a signal in one direction but not in the other direction. This is provided by the inclusion of a section of an anisotropic material such as a ferrite or electro-optic medium into the transmission line structure of FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 9, a section 56 of magnetically biased ferrite which is tapered at both ends is inserted in the length of dielectric loading strip 33 beneath the outer layer of metallization 34. The taper is for providing an impedance match between ferrite material of the section 56 and the dielectric material of the loading strip 33. A generally rectangular slab 58 of lossy absorber material is affixed to one side 60 of the ferrite section 56, the purpose of which will be considered subsequently. A second embodiment of an isolator device is shown in FIG. 10 and differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 in the shape of the ferrite section included along the length of the dielectric strip 33. As shown, a section 56' of ferrite material having a sloped type of transition is included. These devices operate in the following manner. For isotropic material, under normal operation, the electromagnetic field is distributed symmetrically with respect to the cross section of any transmission line. However, when an anisotropic material is inserted into the structure and is suitably biased by a magnetic field Hdc, the field crowds towards one edge of the line for a wave propagating in the guiding layer 32 in one direction, but crowds towards the other edge when the direction of propagation is reversed, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. Accordingly, means for generating a magnetic biasing dc field Hdc and which may be comprised of electromagnets, not shown, applies the magnetic field upwardly through the dielectric layers 30, 32 and 33 as well as the ferrite section 56 and 56' and the energy propagating along the line will be crowded towards the slab 58 of absorber material in one direction as shown in FIG. 11 while being crowded toward the opposite edge as shown in FIG. 11B for energy propagation in the opposite direction. Thus energy will be absorbed strongly in one direction of propagation and not so for the reverse direction, thus providing a device which is commonly known as an isolator. Additional impedance matching and bandwidth requirements may be met by including a stepped or gradual discontinuity in the height of the ferrite sections 56 and 56' relative to that of the dielectric layer 33. In view of the characteristic of anisotropic material, such as ferrite which when suitably biased by a magnetic field causes the propagating field to crowd at one edge of the line for a wave propagating in one direction and crowds at the other edge when the direction of propagation is reversed, this asymmetric field crowding can also be used to realize a device which is known as a circulator. A four port circulator configured in accordance with the subject invention is shown in FIG. 12. There a pair of ferrite strips 61 and 62 shaped in the form of back to back U-shaped elements and having outer layers of metallization 41 formed thereon are bonded to the upper surface of the dielectric layer 32 in relatively close proximity to each other. As shown in FIG. 13, the ferrite strips 61 and 62 have a spacing P over a length L so that energy being guided beneath the strips 60 and 62 in the guiding layer 32 can be cross coupled. As schematically shown in FIG. 13, the ferrite strip 61 as well as the underlying guiding layer 32 and substrate layer 30, not shown, terminate in upper and lower port signals 2 and 3. It is a well known property that weaves traveling in one direction along a transmission line excite waves which then travel in the opposite direction in another line which is electromagnetically coupled thereto. If a biased anisotropic material is used, e.g. ferrite, the asymmetric field distribution produces strong coupling between the lines for signal waves traveling in only one direction. Thus in the configuration shown in FIG. 12, for a magnetic biasing field Hdc in a first predetermined direction, it will cause a wave entering port 1 to travel along the guiding layer 32 under the ferrite strip 61 to be inwardly crowded adjacent the portion of the guiding layer underlying the strip 62 and will be coupled to port 2 if the dimensions P and L are adjusted properly. However, a wave entering port 2 and propagating along the guiding layer 32 will have its field crowded at the edge remote from strip 61 and energy will emerge at port 3. Similarly a wave entering port 3 will emerge at port 4 and that entering port 4 will emerge at port 1. Therefore, what is provided is a circulator which will act as a clockwise "turnstile" for energy. By reversing the polarity of Hdc, the direction of circulation is reversed. By including means, not shown, providing a gradual reversal of Hdc in response to a control signal a modulator results while an abrupt reversal, on the other hand, results in a switch. Thus the isolator embodiment (FIGS. 9 and 10) can with reversal of the biasing magnetic field become a single-pole, single-throw switch while the circulator (FIG. 12) becomes a double-pole, double-throw switch. In order to adjust the degree of coupling of energy propagating along the guiding layer 32 underlying the parallel ferrite strips 61 and 62, one may add a contiguous section 64 of ferrite or a dielectric between the parallel segments 61 and 62 as shown in FIG. 14. It should also be noted that semiconductor materials can be used as one of the layers such as the loading layer 33, in the transmission line structure shown in FIG. 4. This now leads to a consideration of FIG. 15 where there is disclosed an embodiment of an optically triggered switch device including a semiconductor member as one of the elements between the outer metallized layers 31 and 41. As shown in FIG. 15, a loading strip 66 of semiconductor material having dimensions similar to the dielectric loading strip 33 (FIG. 4), is affixed to the top surface of the dielectric guiding layer 32; however, a gap 68 is formed in the top metallization 41 where light from a triggered light source, not shown, is directed to and impinges on the semiconductor strip at upper surface 69. Adjacent the semiconductor loading strip 66 is a relatively short arm member 70 of semiconductor material also coated with a top layer of metallization 41 and which is terminated at one end in a lossy load member 72. The arm is placed adjacent the semiconductor member 66 on the input side of the gap 68 and the dielectric or the semiconductor strip 66 is selected such that without the metallization 41, the waveguide is effectively open, i.e. cut-off to millimeter waves propagating in the guiding layer 32; however, when the gap 68 is illuminated with light of suitable wavelength, a hole-electron plasma is generated at the upper surface 69 which bridges the gap in the metallization 41 so that the waveguide is no longer cut off and transmits millimeter wave energy in the underlying guiding layer 32 past the gap 68. In the absence of incident light at the gap 68, input millimeter wave energy is reflected back from the gap 68 where it is coupled to the side arm region including member 70 into the load 72 while the waveguide is in a cut-off state. Alternately, the semiconductor material of the strip 66 can be chosen so that there is no cut-off condition. In this instance, the intensity and/or position of the optical beam directed to the gap 68 is used to modulate the amplitude and/or the phase of the millimeter wave propagating beneath the strip 66. Thus semiconductor materials can be used as one or more of the layers. This even includes the guiding layer 32. Furthermore, active and passive sources can be integrated into the semiconductor. Active devices should be aligned so that their current path is colinear with the long axis of the transmission line in order that energy may be effectively coupled to and from the line. The waveguide structure of the subject invention thus has the potential for realizing complete circuit and system functions on a single semiconductor wafer; in other words, it is compatible with monolithic integration. Since it is necessary in some instances to couple energy to and from other types of transmission lines and/or external devices, transitions and/or coupling devices are required for the type of transmission line structure shown in FIG. 4. One such transition is shown in FIG. 16 and comprises a transition for use in connection with rectangular waveguide. As shown in FIG. 16, the flange 74 of a piece of rectangular waveguide 76 includes a rectangular aperture 78 which is adapted to receive an outwardly projecting tapered wedge section 80 of the guiding layer 32 which is designed to fit into the interior of the waveguide 76 via the aperture 78. The principle of energy coupling is furthermore illustrated in FIG. 17. Referring now to FIG. 17, if a ray designated by reference numeral 82 is incident at an interface 83 of two dielectric media 84 and 86 where the relative dielectric permittivity εr of one, for example, media 84 is greater than the other, shown as unity in FIG. 17, then the ray 82, having an incident angle ψi relative to the normal 88 of the interface will be refracted as the ray 85 at an angle ψr and wherein ψr is less than ψi according to the Snell formula: ##EQU1## where the dielectric media 84 has a shape corresponding to the tapered wedge section 80 and consisting of two converging interface surfaces then the refracted ray 85 encounters a second interface 87 of the same two materials except that this interface is at an inclination angle θ relative to the first interface 83. Consequently, the refracted ray 85 has an incident angle of θ+ψr relative to the normal 89. Since permittivity of the medium 84 is known to be greater than 1 while the permittivity of the medium 86 is unity, total internal reflection as shown by the ray 91 will occur if: ##EQU2## where θc is the critical angle. If ψi min denotes the smallest incident angle ψi for which total internal reflection occurs, then for all angles greater than θc, all incident energy will then be confined to the medium 84, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 comprises the guiding layer 32. Referring briefly to FIG. 18, shown schematically is the propagation of energy in the rectangular waveguide 76 for the dominant mode. The positioning of the wedge 80 of the dielectric layer 32 is shown inserted therein such that its plane is parallel to the broadwalls of the rectangular waveguide 76. Considering the discussion with respect to FIG. 17, the energy propagating in the waveguide 17 will be launched onto the guiding layer 32 through the tapered section 80 since the dominant mode in rectangular waveguide may be considered as a superposition of two criss-crossing rays 82. The angles between these two rays change with the frequency and accordingly, the useful operating bandwidth defines a range of angles ψi. For a given dielectric, one can therefore define θ such that coupling will occur for the smallest value of ψi. Considering now the FIGS. 19 and 20, shown thereat are two embodiments for coupling power between external power source devices and the waveguide structure of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 19, an active device 90 is shown mounted on one side surface of a heat sink 92. Coupling to the dielectric guiding layer 32 is provided by a right-angled strip of metallization 94 which is formed over the face 96 of the active device 90 and onto the top surface of the guiding layer 32 where it extends under the bottom face of the loading strip 33 and terminating in a taper 98 as shown to provide an impedance match. Additionally, a bias filter comprised of a pattern 100 of metallization consisting of wide and narrow sections of metal are formed on the top surface of the guiding layer 32 which are coupled by conductor line segments 101 between the tip 98 of the metallization strip 94 and a bias voltage source, not shown, coupled to terminal 102. The tapered strip of metallization 94 in effect acts like a metallized antenna which is inserted into the interface 31 between the guiding layer 32 and the loading strip 33 to radiate energy into the guiding layer 32 of the transmission line in the desired mode. When desired, the metallization strip 94 can be configured into a grating to maximize coupling to the device. The embodiment shown in FIG. 20, on the other hand, is illustrative of a configuration wherein the active device 90 is mounted on the top surface of the heat sink 92, in which case coupling between the active device 90 and the guiding dielectric layer 32 is made simply by a planar section of metallization 94' extending from the top surface 104 of the active device to the interface 31 between the dielectric layers 32 and 33. The metallization 94' additionally includes a tapered end section 106 over the active device 90. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 19, the bias filter 100 is again coupled between bias voltage terminal 102 and the tapered tip 98 of the metallization strip 94' by segments of a line conductor 101. Thus what has been shown and described is a slab type of structure for a millimeter wave transmission line including a family of devices which is realizable therefrom. The examples described above are only illustrative of the specific embodiments of the invention and accordingly various other modifications will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all modifications, alterations and changes coming within the spirit and scope of the invention are herein meant to be included. Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
Legal Events
Rotate |


text:
Huggies vs Pampers vs Stored Brand
Hi, I was just wondering what kind of disposable diapers work(ed) for you? I HATE pampers, my daughter pees right through them. I prefer Huggies or Costco brand. my...
Started by Shannon on 02/05/2010 in Young Moms Aged 20-30
Last update on 02/07/2010 by Lindsay

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Friday, October 14, 2011
Book Review and Giveaway: The Night Circus
Author: Erin Morgenstern
Format: ARC
Published: Doubleday; Sept. 2011
Pages: 400
Genre: Fiction
Grade: C
Source: Publisher
Synopsis: Erin Morgenstern's dark, enchanting debut takes us to the black and white tents of Le Cirque des Reves, a circus that arrives without warning, simply appearing when yesterday it was not there. Young Celia and Marco have been cast into a rivalry at The Night Circus, one arranged long ago by powers they do not fully understand. Over time, their lives become more intricately enmeshed in a dance of love, joy, deceit, heartbreak, and magic. Author Morgenstern knows her world inside and out, and she guides the reader with a confident hand. The setting and tone are never less than mesmerizing. The characters are well-realized and memorable. But it is the Night Circus itself that might be the most memorable of all.
My Take: One word to me sums up this book for the last month: hype! Holy moly, I was even out of the country for two weeks without the Internet and I still think of this book as being everywhere before and after I left. So, in my backpack this book went for my long airplane ride as I expected to be captivated for an incredibly long journey by Le Cirque des Reves.
The story sets out from the get-go as certainly being something totally different than anything I have ever read before. The section dividers are illustrated beautifully in black and white stars of varying degrees which is fitting since the circus is all black and white. The imagination can only guess at how cool that would be. We meet a huge cast of characters (which as usual, for me is hard to keep straight). I could have used a legend or something at the beginning. After all, this book is long and it jumps around a lot in time. Many of them have magical powers and are therefore involved in the formation of the circus. Others are merely captivated by it.
What I enjoyed was how different this book was from anything else I had read. The characters were a little bit creepy, a little bit unusual, and a little bit relateable. You wanted to know them, you wanted to visit the circus and you wanted to be a part of the magic. I also appreciated the fact that it was somewhat easy to imagine what was occurring. The movie rights have been bought and I do believe it would make a really cool movie.
What I didn't enjoy was how the plot for me did not progress in the middle. This book was long and it jumped around in time a lot. Rather than move it along, I felt it made it was more stilted. I had to remember who was who and instead of being immersed in the story, I was too busy trying to understand what was happening in what time period and to who. It took me out of the moment.
I realize I am in the minority but I think we all know that not every book is for every body. All you have to do is google this book and you'll find plenty of positive reviews.
Cover Lust: Since the circus in the book is all black and white, I think the cover totally fits the book!
Giveaway Details
The publisher has kindly offered up one new ARC to a lucky winner! The deadline for this giveaway is Oct. 28th; entries open to those in the US.
To Enter (Mandatory)!
Comment below with a way for me to contact you.
For Extra entries (Optional), indicate that you are:
+1 Follow this blog on Google Connect (see right sidebar)
+1 Follow me on twitter and tweet about this giveaway (include @amusedbybooks in your tweet)
+1 Blog/Post about this giveaway on your sidebar
3 extra entries available. Giveaway open until 11:59pm PST Oct. 28th. I will draw the winners using random.org and announce them here on my blog. Good luck!
39 comments:
No need to enter me. I read it already and also didn't love it. I didn't have trouble keeping track of the characters, but I found the jumping around in time odd and quickly grew bored because so little happened and the characters weren't terribly well developed. I'm glad to have some company in the "this book is not amazing" camp!
ReplyDeleteI'm loving seeing mixed reviews since EVERYTHING else I read was over the top about this one. I would love to read it and form my own thoughts. Thanks for the giveaway!
I am following you on twitter, but didn't see how to add myself as a friend...I will be back either way :)
Laura Kay
anovelreview(@)yahoo(.)comOh no, what is the reading a blog version of sticking your fingers in your ears and saying "lalala I'm not listening"? hehehe I have this sitting on my shelf and I'm so excited for it. I'm glad I'm back to reading blogs in time to read your review. I will lower my expectations about the middle and may not be let down. I've missed your reviews so much I'm so happy to be back online.
ReplyDelete- ElisabethOctober 16, 2011 at 9:01 AM
Would like to give The Night Circus a try!
Thanks for the giveaway!
ladybook21 at yahoo dot com Actually, all the reviews I've read of The Night Circus so far have been a bit like yours. Acknowledges that it is well written, but worried that nothing much happens.
I think I'm still going to try and get hold of a copy, but maybe not rush so much. Maybe wait til it comes down a bit in price.
No need to enter me in the prize draw - I'm outside the UK.- Jeffrey TretinOctober 28, 2011 at 7:47 AM
Thank you. Would love a copy. You can reach me on twitter @readsalways.


text:
Stourbridge Self Catering Accommodation:Stourbridge Self Catering and Serviced Accommodation many offering an exclusive Smooth Hound discount. Below is a list of cheap self catering accommodation in Stourbridge and luxury serviced accommodation in Stourbridge England UK. | |
World hotels > Europe > United Kingdom > West Midlands > Stourbridge > Self Catering | |
Map all hotels |


text:
User:Simplegoose/Princess of Lamballe
Maria Luisa | |
Princess of Lamballe | |
Marie Louise by Antoine François Callet | |
Spouse | Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince of Lamballe |
Full name | |
Maria Luisa Teresa di Savoia | |
House | House of Savoy (by birth) House of Bourbon (by marriage) |
Father | Louis Victor, Prince of Carignan |
Mother | Christine of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg |
Born | 8 September 1749 Palazzo Carignano, Turin, Italy |
Died | 3 September 1792 Murdered in Paris, France |
(aged 42)
Signature | |
Religion | Roman Catholicism |
The Princess of Lamballe (Maria Luisa Teresa; 8 September 1749 – 3 September 1792) was born a Princess of Savoy and was later married to Louis Alexandre de Bourbon a member of the House of Bourbon. In France she was known as the princesse de Lamballe and was famous for being a close friend of Queen Marie Antoinette. She like the queen was murdered in the French Revolution. Her close friendship with the Queen Marie Antoinette caused gossip outside the court that the two were having a lesbian affair but no evidence of this hold true. This further caused national hatred of the Italian born princess who along with the Duchess of Polignac were part of the queens inner circle.
Infancy[change | change source]
The future princess was born in Turin in 1749 the daughter of a Prince of Carignan at the Palazzo Carignano. She was the sixth of eight children. Her father was a distant cousin of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and her mother was a sister of the late Queen Polyxena.
Marriage[change | change source]
On 31 January 1767, she married by proxy Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince of Lamballe, grandson of Louis XIV's legitimised son, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse, and the only surviving son of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, who had arranged the marriage. During plans for her marriage she was known as Mademoiselle de Carignan in France.
In 1768, at the age of nineteen, Marie Louise became a widow when her husband died of a venereal disease at the Château de Louveciennes. Her husband was known to have been fairly promiscuous and died as a result of his many affairs. His widow inherited her husband's considerable fortune, making her wealthy in her own right including a title of duchess in her own right. Her husband was eventually buried at the Chapel of Dreux outside Paris.
Revolution[change | change source]
Marie Thérèse was by nature reserved and there was never any gossip about her private life. However, in popular anti-monarchist propaganda of the time, she was regularly portrayed in pornographic pamphlets, showing her as the queen's lesbian lover to undermine the public image of the monarchy.
In October 789 the princess lived at the Tuileries Palace in Paris with the king and queen
Titles and styles[change | change source]
- 8 September 1749 - 31 January 1767 Her Highness Princess Maria Luisa Teresa of Savoy.
- 31 January 1767 - 6 May 1768 Her Serene Highness The Princess of Lamballe. (Son Altesse Sérénissime Madame la princesse de Lamballe)
- 6 May 1768 - 3 September 1792 Her Serene Highness The Dowager Princess of Lamballe. (Son Altesse Sérénissime Madame la princesse de Lamballe Douairière.)
Name[change | change source]
She used the name Maria Luisa or Marie Louise in French. As a daughter of the Prince of Carignan, she is often incorrectly given the surname of Savoy-Carignan, which is incorrect as she was born a princess of the Duchy of Savoy and a daughter of a Prince of Carignan. The title was merely a courtesy title having no legal jurisdiction over Carignan which was known as Carignano in Italian any case. So the use of Savoy-Carignan is incorrect.
Further reading[change | change source]
Other websites[change | change source]
Media related to Princess Maria Luisa Teresa of Savoy, Princess of Lamballe at Wikimedia Commons
Category:Princes and Princesses of Savoy Category:1749 births Category:1792 deaths Category:People from Turin Category:House of Savoy Category:House of Bourbon Category:People executed by decapitation


text:
Log In
Account | Portfolio | Spanked | Basket
1 14
Spank This
Rate This
Bizzarely something that a great number of people aspire to be.
Forgotten Your Password?
Please Log In or Register
booh077 28/01/08 Me thinks it would look better in a different font, but cool design though
oroquelle 25/11/07 People don't aspire to be freaks. Freaks just pretend they're doing it on purpose.
cookie5 28/07/07 I know a few people that should wear this shirt
Dazzle1989 12/04/07 is what you are if you dont comment on these pics


text:
Lots of people think Christianity is all about doing what Jesus says. But what if doing what Jesus says isn't what Jesus says to do at all? Jesus' invitation is an invitation to relationship, and it begins with a simple request: follow me.
Religion says "Change and you can join us". Jesus says, "Join us and you will change." There's a huge difference. Jesus doesn't expect you to be perfect. He just wants you to follow him. Being a sinner doesn't disqualify you from following him. Being an unbeliever doesn't disqualify you from following him. In fact, following almost always begins with a sinner and unbeliever taking one small step.
In this eight-session DVD Bible study, Andy Stanley takes you and your small group on a Bible study journey through the Gospels as he traces Jesus' teaching on what it means to follow. This package includes both Follow: A DVD Study and Follow Study Guide.
Sessions include:
- Jesus Says
- Next Steps
- Fearless
- Follow Wear
- The Fine Print
- What I Want to Want
- Leading Great
- Unfollowers
Contributor | Andy Stanley |
Short Bio | Communicator, author, and pastor, Andy Stanley founded Atlanta-based North Point Ministries in 1995. Today, NPM is comprised of six churches in the Atlanta area, serving more than 36,000 people weekly, as well as a network of 30 churches around the globe. As host of NBC's Your Move with Andy Stanley, reaching over 36 million viewers in less than two years on the air, and author of 20-plus books including Ask It, How to Be Rich, Deep & Wide, Visioneering, and Next Generation Leader, he is considered one of the most influential living pastors in America. Andy Stanley and his wife, Sandra, have three grown children and live near Atlanta. |
Publish Date | Aug 19, 2014 |
Weight (lbs) | 0.5200 |
Height | 8.38 |
Width | 5.50 |
Length | 0 |
Length Unit | Pages |
Publisher | Zondervan |
Price | $36.99 |
Format | Paperback w/DVD |
Language | English |
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
How to Be Rich book with DVD
$39.99 -
Amplio y profundo
$11.99 -
Una visión contagiosa
$8.99 -
Making Vision Stick


text:
U.S. Department of Justice
United States Attorney
District of New Jersey
November 15, 2010
Former Loan Officer and Document Forger Plead Guilty to Roles in Mortgage Fraud Scheme
TRENTON, N.J. – Edivaldo dos Santos and Rosa Damasceno each pleaded guilty today to conspiring to commit mortgage fraud, admitting that they attempted to use false documents to secure a fraudulent mortgage loan, U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey Paul J. Fishman announced.
Dos Santos, 52, of Harrison, N.J.; and Damasceno, 59, of Belleville, N.J., were originally charged in June 2010 as part of a coordinated mortgage fraud takedown in which 28 defendants were charged for their alleged roles in various mortgage fraud schemes in northern New Jersey.
The defendants entered their guilty pleas to informations charging them with conspiracy to commit wire fraud before U.S. District Judge Freda L. Wolfson in Trenton, N.J., federal court.
According to documents filed in this case and statements made during the defendants' guilty plea proceedings, dos Santos was a former loan officer holding himself out as a mortgage consultant; Damasceno was the owner of a Newark-based company that provided tax services and driver education in Belleville, N.J.
In August 2009, dos Santos asked a loan officer at a New Jersey mortgage company to act as a loan officer on a real estate transaction in which a client would buy a property and then receive money back from the seller at closing. The prospective purchaser was not qualified to obtain the loan, so dos Santos and others provided falsely inflated income information in support of his application. Damasceno created fraudulent W-2 forms in furtherance of the fraud.
At sentencing, dos Santos and Damasceno each face up to 30 years in prison and a fine of $1 million, or twice the gross gain or loss from the conspiracy. Sentencing is currently scheduled for both defendants on Feb. 16, 2011.
U.S. Attorney Fishman praised agents of the FBI, under the direction of Special Agent in Charge Michael B. Ward in Newark, and the Hudson County Prosecutor's Office, under the
direction of Prosecutor Edward J. De Fazio, for their work leading the investigation of this case. He also credited the other members of the Mortgage Fraud Task Force, including the Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Inspector General; the Internal Revenue Service; the U.S. Secret Service; and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service for their important contributions to the investigation. Fishman also thanked the Department of Homeland Security's Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; the U.S. Social Security Administration; and the New Jersey Attorney General's Office for their assistance.
The government is represented by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Christine Magdo and Charlton A. Rugg of the U.S. Attorney's Office Economic Crimes Unit in Newark.
This case was brought in coordination with President Barack Obama's Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force. President Obama established the interagency Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force to wage an aggressive, coordinated, and proactive effort to investigate and prosecute financial crimes. The task force includes representatives from a broad range of federal agencies, regulatory authorities, inspectors general, and state and local law enforcement who, working together, bring to bear a powerful array of criminal and civil enforcement resources. The task force is working to improve efforts across the federal executive branch, and with state and local partners, to investigate and prosecute significant financial crimes, ensure just and effective punishment for those who perpetrate financial crimes, combat discrimination in the lending and financial markets, and recover proceeds for victims of financial crimes.


text:
Options traders have set their sights on Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ACHN - 10.66) today, with both calls and puts heating up. In afternoon action, the drug maker has seen roughly 2,500 calls and 1,800 puts change hands, far surpassing its average intraday volume of around 1,600 calls and 600 puts.
Upon closer inspection, we find that the October 10 strike has been most popular on both sides of the options aisle, with around 1,900 calls and 1,600 puts traded. The bulk of the calls crossed at the ask price, suggesting they were bought, while most of the puts have traded at the bid price, pointing to seller-driven volume. Implied volatility on the call was last seen higher, and put volume has exceeded open interest, hinting at newly open positions.
By purchasing the calls to open, the buyers are expecting ACHN to extend its run north of $10 through the next few weeks. At last check, the volume-weighted average price of the calls is $0.88, meaning the buyers will profit if ACHN surmounts the $10.88 level (strike plus premium paid) by October options expiration.
In a somewhat similar vein, the October 10 put sellers are essentially betting on support in the round-number $10 region. As long as ACHN remains north of $10 through the puts' lifetime, the sellers can pocket the initial premium received, which represents the maximum reward.
However, today's optimism in the options pits marks a change of pace for ACHN. On the International Securities Exchange (ISE), Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), and NASDAQ OMX PHLX (PHLX), the stock's 10-day put/call volume ratio of 0.26 registers in the 72nd percentile of its annual range. In other words, option buyers have initiated bearish bets over bullish at a quicker-than-usual step during the past two weeks.
That skepticism is also prevalent among short sellers. Short interest edged 0.6% higher during the most recent reporting period, and now represents almost 21% of ACHN's total available float. What's more, at the security's average pace of trading, it would take more than two weeks to repurchase all of these pessimistic positions.
The aforementioned bears are likely shaking in their boots today, with the shares of ACHN last seen 12.3% higher in the $10.66 neighborhood -- territory the security hasn't explored since early April. Bolstering the equity was news that an early trial of ACHN's experimental hepatitis C treatment achieved positive proof-of-concept results, meaning the firm can now move forward with clinical trials of ACH-3102.
Here are some additional articles of interest:


text:
Published: Jan 2003
  | Format | Pages | Price |   |
Complete Source PDF (5.3M) | 13 | $87 |   ADD TO CART |
Source: STP1437-EB
During developmental work by the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP, 1987–1992) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, 1993-present), it was recommended that knowledge and assessment of triaxial equipment and sample interaction be correctly applied to both test command and data reduction routines for the accurate measurement of resilient modulus properties of unbound materials using external instrumentation configuration. This concern is briefly addressed in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) test method T307-99, under paragraph 126.96.36.199. The paragraph refers only to calculations necessary to correct for the proper magnitudes of seating load based on known properties of the triaxial cell. The method does not contain information describing the methods and calculations needed to consider these parameters in the data reduction portion of the test. Further, the test method does not address other influences unique to a triaxial testing cell, namely frictional forces resulting from poorly manufactured or improperly designed seals, alignment issues and compliance.
This paper addresses the sensitivities of the results due to appropriate and inappropriate interpretation of the correction factors necessary, as well as influences of seal drag forces. The sensitivities have been calculated for two specific triaxial cells. Note that each triaxial cell and instrumentation configuration possesses unique values needed for the correction. Generally, the larger the triaxial cell (larger rod diameter, larger mass of rod), the greater the influences of the uplift and static weight components of load.
Users must be knowledgeable about their test equipment and the ability of the software to correctly apply proper loads and properly assess these loads for the correct calculation of resilient modulus. Further, physical tolerances must be developed for triaxial cells with respect to seal drag, alignment and compliance. These issues are extremely important when comparing results between laboratories, as the errors associated with miscalculation, misinterpretation or incorrect measurement of loads can result in variations outside the precision of the test itself.
resilient modulus, triaxial test, seal drag, compliance, subgrade
Author Information:
Boudreau, RL
President, Boudreau Engineering, Inc., Norcross, GA
Wang, J
Branch Manager, GeoTesting of GA, Alpharetta, GA
Committee/Subcommittee: D18.09


text:
Tyler House
Located on Green Street, Tyler House is near the music building, gym and athletic fields. The Paradise Pond waterfall is audible through an open window.
Built in 1898, Tyler House was the last of six dormitories constructed in the very early years of Smith College on what was the original campus. An impressive Queen Anne-style brick building with a large front porch, Tyler House was named for William Seymour Tyler, one of the original trustees of the college.
A favorite gathering place is the comfortable living room where parties are held and where residents have a chance to relax and watch television or socialize. For more serious pursuits, the house has a library.
Year Built | 1898 |
Renovations | 1993 |
Capacity | 69 |
Residential Floors | 3 |
Singles | 41 |
Doubles | 14 |
Triples | 0 |
Approximate number sharing a bathroom | 23 |
Handicapped accessible | Yes |
Elevator | No |
Floor Plans
First floor (PDF)
Second floor (PDF)
Third floor (PDF)
Fourth floor (PDF)


text:
NWAR: Trench Warfare
Detective Nwar gets his hands dirty for a political campaign.
4.42 / 5.00 2,896 Views**WARNING!** Apparently it's much more graphics intensive than I had thought, you may want to consider viewing on low quality or else the sound gets way out of sink :(
Damn, late after so many straight hours. Well anyways... Ok, so it's late, and ever so unpolished, but you must forgive me because this is my first ever attempt at flash!
I know it could use some music, better sound quality and so on, so those are what points I hope to work on for the next chapter.
Note: All characters and persons represented in this flash should not take offense but should realize they are present because of their particular influence on Newgrounds. Also I'm well aware I used a copyrighted song, but it was in the name of parody so I hope you all will forgive me. Happy late pico day! (and birthday to Tom)
Good job!
Hey, I thought this was great! Funny idea :)
Cant wait 'til chapter 2!
But the voice in the beginning was very low, I could barely hear what he/she? said. So thats why you got a 4 in sound.
Keep it up!
Yeah, really sorry about the low quality of sound and it being very quiet. I will be rerecording soon as I have the opportunity and better equipment! Thank you for you comments :D!
do chapter 2 or ive just wasted my time
graphics are alright
nice sound near the end no violence yet :( not much to do an not funny it realy drags on through the vid but i can see you probbaly tryed hard so just do chapter 2 and im sure it will make it worthwhile watching it
Yes, Ch2 is where the fun starts, sorry you didn't get your violence fix on this one, just had no time :P I will also be fixing this one up to cut on the dragging bits. Thanks for the comments!
It was great!
It was good, really really good, keep it up :)
I'm glad you enjoyed it! I wouldn't say it was THHHAATT good but I really appreciate you saying so! Thank you so much for the compliment! :)
It would be excellent
But low quality didn't help to stop the sound from going unsynch.
Yeah I know :( I am certainly working on it though!! I will fix it ASAP along with many other parts. Thanks for the comment! :D
Good job
The graphics were good, I had trouble hearing you though, your sound was too soft towards the beginning, try to fix that, or put subtitles in there please. It's really good for your first try at flash.
Thanks, I appreciate the comments and I completely agree! The sound needs much improvement and I will be sure to work on rerecording and fixing this up soon as I have the means! Thanks again :D


text:
FREE Email Newsletter
Link by Link: Blurring the Line Between Apps and Books
October 25, 2010 8:26 am | by New York Times | CommentsStephen Elliott's memoir is being published as an app for iPhones and iPads, allowing readers to interact with the author.
IR expands family of automotive directFET2 power MOSFETs with system scalability
October 25, 2010 8:24 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsInternational Rectifier, IR® announced the expansion of its family of automotive DirectFET®2 power MOSFETs that deliver exceptional power density, dual-sided cooling and minimal parasitic inductance and resistance for heavy load applications, including Electric Power Steering (EPS), power...
TDI introduces new 4.1kW, 28V liquid cooled DC-DC converter
October 25, 2010 8:24 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsTDI has developed LiquaCore? (patent pending) power management technology which employs liquid cooling from a modular and scalable architecture.
Linear Positioning Stages Feature Moving Magnet Voice Coil Technology
October 25, 2010 8:24 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsThe compact linear positioning stages can be mounted horizontally or vertically and are ideal for short stroke positioning applications requiring high acceleration, high accuracy, repeatability, and high reliability.
Elastomer Socket Offers Superior Electrical Performance
October 25, 2010 8:23 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsThe SG-BGA-7188 socket is designed for 2.75 x 2.75-mm package size and operates at bandwidths up to 10 GHz with less than 1 dB of insertion loss. The contact resistance is typically 20 milliohms per I/O.
Server Features Redesigned Chassis for Faster Maintenance
October 25, 2010 8:23 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsThe new industrial server is equipped with the powerful 64-bit Intel Core i3/i5/i7 processor and Intel Q57 Express chipset and provides high power density with convenient server functions for advanced security and remote-management.
Power Rated Rotary Switches Have One to Six Poles
October 25, 2010 8:23 am | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsNKK Switches, a leading designer and manufacturer of innovative electromechanical switches, introduces the HS16 Series of standard size rotary switches.
Harman to invest $100 million more in China
October 25, 2010 8:05 am | by The Associated Press | CommentsGlobal audio and entertainment products maker Harman International Industries Inc. said Monday it plans to invest $100 million to boost its manufacturing and research capabilities in China.The company invested $75 million to start up its manufacturing and research operations in Shanghai, Suzhou...
Close-ups of snowflakes win Lennart Nilsson Award
October 25, 2010 6:22 am | by EurekAlert | Comments(Karolinska Institutet) The Lennart Nilsson Award for 2010 is to be awarded to the US physicist Kenneth Libbrecht. He is awarded the prize, which is worth $15,000, for his images of snowflakes -- images that open our eyes to the beauty of nature. The award ceremony will take place in...
Earnings Preview: IAC/InterActiveCorp
October 25, 2010 4:05 am | by The Associated Press | CommentsIAC/InterActiveCorp, the Internet company run by billionaire Barry Diller that includes search engine Ask.com and dating site Match.com, reports its third-quarter results on Wednesday before trading begins.WHAT TO WATCH FOR: Investors will keep an eye out for strength in IAC's search unit,...
Sony slashes portable game machine price in Japan
October 24, 2010 11:05 pm | by The Associated Press | CommentsSony Corp. slashed the Japan price of its handheld game machine Monday ahead of the critical year-end shopping season.Sony said the PlayStation Portable Go will drop in price starting Tuesday to 16,800 yen ($200) from 26,800 yen ($330).Its price has already been coming down in the U.S. since...
Online TV spats mean fewer free shows on Web
October 24, 2010 12:20 pm | by The Associated Press | CommentsBroadcasters took a big step toward eliminating free TV shows on the Web after they blocked access to their programming online this month to enforce their demands to be paid....
Hyland's Teething Tablets: Recall - Risk of Harm to Children
October 23, 2010 9:21 pm | by Medical Design Technology | CommentsFDA laboratory analysis found product to contain inconsistent amounts of belladonna, which can cause harm at larger doses.
Driver Thanks Engineer Who Hit Him on Purpose
October 23, 2010 2:21 pm | by Curious Cat Science and Engineering Blog | CommentsDriver thanks man who hit him on purpose Driving to a Mariners game, Duane Innes saw a pickup ahead of him drift across lanes of traffic, sideswipe a concrete barrier and continue forward on the inside shoulder at about 40 mph. A manager of Boeing's F22 fighter-jet program [and...
Marketers Can Glean Private Data on Facebook
October 22, 2010 8:23 pm | by New York Times | CommentsTwo recent academic papers show that in certain circumstances, advertisers on Facebook may be able to learn sensitive profile information, like a person's sexual orientation or religion.


text:
is ok to have sex?
Is it ok if I have sex when i am 34 weaks?
Posted: 12/19/2011 by EmilyEmi
Mom Answers
Sort by:
best answers | most recent answers
1 -
8 of
8 answers
Sex is safe during the entire pregnancy unless advised not to by your doctor. If its at all painful, I would suggest trying a different position: Woman on top, Spooning (Man behind woman), Hands and Knees, Side lying, knee pulled up. I had sex throughout my entire pregnancy and all is well. To well to be honest. I'm 38 weeks 5 days and I've been having sex like crazy in hopes to induce my labor and nothing has happen. Can you help with that lolposted 01/06/2012 by a BabyCenter Member
i had sex through my entire pregnancy .posted 10/03/2012 by a BabyCenter Member
Is it safe to continue having sex if you have already had a c-section before? I am secretly afraid of my scar being affected or at worse torn.posted 01/01/2012 by babyboerner2012
It's ok to have sex. It can actually help with bringing on labor. As long as your water hasnt broken and you're not bleeding.posted 12/21/2011 by kimd1985
absolutely!posted 12/19/2011 by a BabyCenter Member
Believe it or not just before I gave birth to my baby 3 days ago, I did it with my hubby. It really helped to soften my cervix and open more. When I came to the hospital I was already 6cm dilated. After 15min or so it went to 8cm and my baby was came out fine after 3 pushes only.posted 12/23/2011 by arramae_19
It is usually okay to continue having sex at 34 weeks as long as your water has not broken and as long as you have no other "high-risk" conditions that would inhibit doing so. As long as your OB or midwife says it is okay! Double check first though to be safe!posted 12/19/2011 by Aquesa
I do not hink u can but I love sex so much this is my 1st one and i think it will be fun and no u r not.posted 12/21/2011 by EmilyEmi
Answer this question


text:
Shop like a lady boss!
Exclusive finds with a new theme each month.
Shop: Pop-In
Our director of creative projects shares what she's into.
Read More
Stay updated with a steady stream of new info.
Smooth moccasin style perfects a cozy, waterproof boot with 200 grams of PrimaLoft® Eco insulation and temperature-sensitive Ice Pick™ lugs for superb traction.
Watch the video: Boot Fit Fundamentals
Learn More: How to Measure Boots


text:
When my alarm went off at 4 a.m. on Saturday, people were already waiting in line.
Rolling into the Village Hall parking lot at 5:30 a.m., I would have thought Village Hall was selling tickets to the hottest concert in town - if I hadn't already had a heads up about what's even hotter around here.
People bundled in layers and blankets sat on lawn chairs. One guy even had a rocking chair to chill out in while another was engrossed in his laptop propped on a table in front of his chair.
"I'm wearing two pairs of pants and several hoods, and I'm still cold," said Bridget Domaszek.
So what got these people out of bed and sitting outside Village Hall on a day that was windy and cold? Summer Program registration for Recreation Department programs.
"It's the Black Friday of Elm Grove," Patty Kujawa said.
Setting summer schedules
Registration began at 7 a.m., but people started lining up at 3:45 a.m.
Chad Demmon, second in line, brought a sleeping bag with him so he would be more comfortable while he waited.
"I like the outdoors so I don't mind being outside waiting," he said. "I thought there would be a lot more people, even with the weather."
It was 40 degrees with a wind chill of 31 that morning. But the general consensus was that the cold was far better than the rain many had sat in, in previous years.
Behind Demmon was a quartet of fathers: Dan Waszak, Dave Schwarz, Sach Jogal and Greg Ratas. The men, who arrived around 4 a.m., passed the time by cracking jokes. They were going to play cards, but it was too windy. Magnetic cards could be the solution to the problem, they said, but how would you shuffle them?
Their children want to take certain programs together this summer. In order to make that happen, they woke up early to wait in line.
Schwarz, who has waited in line for the past five years, said this was the coldest registration day yet.
"I have three kids, so it's important to get them in as many sessions together at the same time as possible," Lisa Soboleski said about why she was in line by 5 a.m. Otherwise, parents end up going back and forth to the park all day, all summer.
I asked her if it was worth it.
"Absolutely," she said.
"It's kind of a fun thing - and then you see each other at the pool in the summer and the different activities and then it's, 'Oh, you're my liner friend,' " she added.
Waiting, made fun
It was a social atmosphere that morning; parents chatted with their neighbors in line or walked along the line talking to other friends. I almost expected to see a grill or two with the tailgate-like atmosphere that had whipped up by 6 a.m.
Most moms and dads I talked to said one morning of freezing was worth it to have a smooth schedule for the entire summer.
Another plus is having registration done early so that they can enjoy the rest of the day.
Demmon's kids had a tennis tournament in Racine later that morning and other moms had soccer games to attend.
Recreation Director Amy Jeske unlocked the doors at 6:45 a.m., and almost incited a small riot as people starting moving to pack up camp. But she was just getting everything ready to go for the 7 a.m. start.
Everyone in line received a number with a time slot on it when registration began. With only three people per time slot and time slots every 10 minutes, those near the end of the line where already in the 11 o'clock hour.
If their timeslot wasn't right at 7 a.m., parents headed home to thaw out, grab some coffee or take a nap.
Jeske estimated 150 families registered for programs by the time she and her crew left about 3:30 p.m.
Get in the action
Don't blink: Some summer programs, including many swim classes, already are full, but others still have openings. Move fast, as classes fill up quick.
Make your move: Registration continues in-person at Village Hall, 13600 Juneau Blvd., or online at elmgrovewi.org. The online registration link is toward the bottom of the home page.
Julie Ann Marra is uncovering the heart of Elm Grove, its people and places. Call her at (262) 446-6634 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
This site uses Facebook comments to make it easier for you to contribute. If you see a comment you would like to flag for spam or abuse, click the "x" in the upper right of it. By posting, you agree to our Terms of Use.
E-mail Newsletter
Your link to the biggest stories in the suburbs delivered Thursday mornings.
Enter your e-mail address above and click "Sign Up Now!" to begin receiving your e-mail newsletter
Get the Newsletter!
More from News and Features
- Social Security informational session next week at the Elm Grove Library
- New Elm Grove business to offer outlet for creativity
- Elm Grove church still considering cell tower
- Ask Now: Why is work being done at the Quarry?
- Business Spotlight: Sunset Playhouse has come a long way
- Brookfield and Elm Grove Things to Do: April 9
- High-end men's salon coming to Elm Grove
- School funding cuts are a hot topic at a Wauwatosa listening session (1)
- Brookfield may alter zoning to make city more welcoming to health clubs
- Ask Now: Elm Grove meetings online?


text:
Andreas von Neiss was an Anabaptist martyr who was executed with the sword at Neuburg on the Danube in Bavaria. He was an outstandingly successful preacher who baptized many, but is not mentioned in the Martyrs Mirror.
[edit] Bibliography
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 70.
Wolkan, Rudolf. Die Lieder der Wiedertäufer. Berlin, 1903. Reprinted Nieuwkoop, B. De Graaf, 1965: 29 ff.
Author(s) | Christian Neff |
Date Published | 1955 |
[edit] Cite This Article
MLA style
Neff, Christian. "Andreas von Neiss (16th century)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. Web. 27 Apr 2015. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Andreas_von_Neiss_(16th_century)&oldid=129842.
APA style
Neff, Christian. (1955). Andreas von Neiss (16th century). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 27 April 2015, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Andreas_von_Neiss_(16th_century)&oldid=129842.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, and Waterloo, Ontario, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, p. 121. All rights reserved. For information on ordering the encyclopedia visit the Herald Press website.
©1996-2015 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


text:
Under Armour Base 2.0 Compression Sock
View Larger Image
Share your thoughts
What do you think of the
Under Armour Base 2.0 Compression Sock
? Share a...
Now review from the App.
Brenden Johnson
It doesn't get better
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
- Fit: True to size
I think God must have made these socks because they are too good to be true. My feet stay super dry thanks to U.A.'s moisture wickining technology. Great compression through out the whole sock. Extremely comfortable sock. At first you might be a little apprehensive about the warmth factor but no need to worry. Toasty as.... a piece of toast. I would recommend these to any and everybody.
nice sock
- Gender: Male
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Fit well, not too bulky or too thin and stay up. I enjoy wearing them for outdoor activities on cold days. fit well with my hiking boots.


text:
The Solvay Chemicals Parachute, Colorado plant uses soda ash from the Green River, Wyoming site to produce BICAR® sodium bicarbonate. Solvay delivers through its commitment to food safety, underscored with the ISO 22000 certification of the plant, the first North American sodium bicarbonate production facility to reach this milestone.
Fluorine Solutions


text:
Call for
Applications: Institute for Research Design in Librarianship
2013. This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons‐Attribution‐Noncommercial‐Share Alike License 2.5 Canada (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐sa/2.5/ca/), which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work
is properly attributed, not used for commercial purposes, and, if transformed,
the resulting work is redistributed under the same or similar license to this
The William H. Hannon Library has received a three-year grant from the
Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to offer a nine-day continuing
education opportunity for academic and research librarians. Each year 21
librarians will receive instruction in research design and a full year of
support to complete a research project at their home institutions. The summer
Institute for Research Design in Librarianship (IRDL) is supplemented with
pre-institute learning activities and a personal learning network that provides
ongoing mentoring. The institutes will
be held on the campus of Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles,
California. For more information about
the project, including the project partners, the School of Library and
Information Science at San José State University and the Statewide California
Electronic Library Consortium (SCELC), please see the project website: http://irdlonline.org.
The first institute will be held on June 16-26, 2014, with arrival on
campus on Sunday, June 15, and departure on Friday, June 27.
We are now issuing a call for applications for the IRDL 2014. We are
seeking novice librarian researchers who are employed by academic libraries or
research libraries outside an academic setting in the United States to
participate in the institute. We define novice researchers as those who may
have conducted research but have not yet had an article published or a
presentation accepted by a peer-reviewed publication or conference; librarians
who have presented peer-reviewed poster sessions will be eligible. Librarians
of all levels of professional experience are welcome to apply.
We seek librarians with a passion for research and a desire to improve
their research skills. The project is designed to bring together all that the
literature tells us about the necessary conditions for librarians to conduct
valid and reliable research in an institutional setting. The cohort will be
chosen from a selective submission process, with an emphasis on enthusiasm for
research and diversity from a variety of perspectives, including ethnicity and
type and size of library.
The Advisory Committee, comprised of librarians with research experience
in a variety of settings, will use an open review process to select
participants who will travel to Los Angeles, California, participate in all
institute activities, and conduct a research project during the 2014-2015
academic year. The online application requests a
proposed research project that will be revised at the institute and will be the
basis for the study to be completed in the coming year.
Selection criteria:
- Significance
of the research problem to the operational success of the applicant's
library or to the profession of librarianship;
- Clarity
of the proposed methodology;
- Enthusiasm
for research and desire to learn;
- Commitment
to the year-long process of communicating with other participants and
conducting the proposed study.
We will be accepting applications from December 1, 2013 to February 1,
Scholars accepted to the Institute will be notified by March 1, 2014.
Please contact Project Directors with any questions about the Institute
or the application process:
Kristine Brancolini, Dean of the Library, Loyola
Marymount University: firstname.lastname@example.com
Marie Kennedy, Serials & Electronic Resources Librarian, Loyola Marymount
University: email@example.com
Evidence Based Library and Information Practice (EBLIP) | EBLIP on Twitter


text:
posted at 2/12/2011 2:50 PM EST
I wonder if Clod will have the guts to hold anybody besides a 19 year old kid and a backup goalie accountable after last nights abortion of a performance? I have a hard time seeing how Seguin could have sucked any worse than the forwards on the ice last night. Clod will probably waste this kid's offensive ability since he thinks you can win every damn game 1-0! Who sits tomorrow people the kid with the ability to skate or one of Clod's boys who can't shoot straight? -
Re: Accountability?
posted at 2/12/2011 5:20 PM EST
Unfortunately i didnt see the game (about 5 minutes ), then the highlights. My take on this is 2 goals on 2 shots, something wrong there, but as i said didnt see the leadup to it. I heard alot that rask made some great saves but then the easy ones that got by him. He doesnt play enuf to keep a mindset of a whole game. If the Bs are gonna keep most like the 2011 vezina winner in TT beyong 2011 then they should trade Rask before they ruin him, and get something (worth a 1st rd pick at least right now ) because other gms know what hes capable of if its not too late. Accountabilty lays on management right now,there like do i want the red car or the black one, got lotsa time before they decide, guess what, they both sold.


text:
Battle of the Bay Tee by Dustin Canalin for Upper Playground
August 25th, 2011The San Francisco 49ers and Oakland Raiders showed the world how human harmony works; it didn't matter what jersey you were wearing, you were going to knock at someone. Dustin … Read More
Tags: 49ers, battle of the bay, Dustin Canalin, raiders
Posted in Headlines | No Comments »
49ers vs Raiders: An examination of pure lunacy
August 22nd, 2011A friend of the Citrus Report attended the 49ers vs Raiders preseason football game (we have no idea why, because it is preseason, the NFL blows, Raiders and Niners fans … Read More
Tags: 49ers, brawls, fights, nfl, Photos, pictures, preseason, raiders, shooting
Posted in Headlines | No Comments »
Beware of the Dwarf!
September 12th, 2010This is what happens when we decide to spend Sunday watching the opening games for our hometown NFL teams, the 49ers and the Raiders, and they lose by a total … Read More
Tags: 49ers, Beware of the Dwarf, clip, raiders, Video
Posted in Headlines | No Comments »
Jerry Rice was a bad man, and now he is going to the Hall of Fame
August 6th, 2010Growing up in the 1980s and 1990s in the Bay Area, you were extremely lucky to have 49ers wide receiver, Jerry Rice, as your hero and hometown star. And now, … Read More


text:
Forest Fidget Free
1,000 - 5,000 downloads
Add this app to your lists+ By Android-Games-Free
New addictive arcade skill game. This nice little fidget goes to the forest to eat berries. Jump and collect all berries and avoid circular saw. There are twenty skill addictive levels and pleasant graphics and sound.


text:
Related Photo Galleries
27. It's out with the old and in with the new time as we removed the lead wires that travel inside the cab through the firewall, including the leads for the gauges and ignition lead. Next, we installed the new lead wires that control the data port and ignition switch. Once we located the lead wires for the ignition switch, which is clearly marked on the harness, we tapped the old wires into the new harness.


text:
Home › Bruce swimming
add comment
Tyler M. 6 years ago
Yeah it took me forever to get a decent picture of him lol He just swims too fast.
Reply ›
Pia S. 6 years ago
Bruce~~ I love it!
Already have an account? Log in now for faster commenting or Join Zootoo
11 photos 2 pets
6 photos 1 post
Tags: bruce, red tailed shark
Vote on more cute animals ›
Enroll your pet today ›
Who better to snuggle with than a bunny rabbit? If these pictures don't make you wish you had a soft, snuggly rabbit fri… See photos ›
login join


text:
Frontdend development for urbangap
Go to website
Motion and graphic design
Watch it on youtube
Front and backend development. graphic by Michael Basso
Design and front/backend development.
Hi, I'm Luca!
I'm a freelance web designer & developerbased in Verona (ITALY). Addicted to good code, clean design,coffee and gin-tonic
Follow me on:
Or mail me:


text:
My organization has a asset management application using Google Maps Java API as the GIS viewer. The application does some simple editing/querying on a kml file through html form elements.
Instead of editing against the kml files, can the API edit/query against a WFS-T service (served by ArcGIS Server)?
If not, can I modify this OpenLayers WFS-T Using a GeoServer Hosted PostGIS (link below) Layerinstructions to edit against ArcGIS Server/SDE database/WFS-T?
//wfs-t editable overlay
var wfs_layer = new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("Editable Features", {
strategies: [new OpenLayers.Strategy.BBOX(), saveStrategy],
//projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:26910"),
protocol: new OpenLayers.Protocol.WFS({
version: "1.1.0",
// loading data through localhost url path
url: "http://localhost/geoserver/wfs",
featureNS : "http://www.opengeospatial.net/cite",
maxExtent: mapextent,
// layer name
featureType: "wfst_test",
// geometry column name
geometryName: "the_geom",
schema: "http://localhost/geoserver/wfs/DescribeFeatureType?version=1.1.0&;typename=cite:wfst_test"
Thank You!