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This is a series of posts featuring my favorite top 100 ballplayers of all-time. This is not my ranking of the best ever, it is my list of guys I've admired contributing to my love of the game.
I grew up across Lake Michigan from the city of Chicago. My summer days were filled voices of Jack Brickhouse and Lou Boudreau calling the Cubs and nights spent listening to Harry Caray and Jimmy Piersall cheer and complain about the White Sox. I don't remember the exact date, but cable television was not available in my hometown until around 1981. Before that date we listened to baseball on the radio or watched TV the old fashioned way, manipulating old rabbit ear antennas and praying for the best.
Most of the time, the Cubs were not a very good team. It was easy for me not turn into a fan. The old stars like Ernie Banks, Ron Santo, and Fergie Jenkins were gone poorly replaced by guys like Mick Kelleher, Jose Cardenal, and Rick Reuschel. One of the first bright spots I can remember about the mid-70s Cubs was the solid bat of Bill Madlock.
Madlock came to the Cubs from the Rangers in the Fergie Jenkins trade. He immediately replaced the departed Ron Santo at third base. While he wasn't a great fielder, he could certainly hit. He won the National League batting title playing day games at Wrigley Field in 1975 & 1976. Madlock is one of only three right-handed hitters to have won multiple National League batting titles since 1960 (Roberto Clemente won four and Tommy Davis has two).
On July 26, 1975 he went 6-for-6 during the Cubs' 8-9 10 inning loss to the Mets. Earlier that month, he represented the Cubs in the first of three career All-Star games. He was named Co-MVP (with Jon Matlack) after he drove in 2 ninth inning runs off of his future teammate, Goose Gossage.
After the 1976 season, Madlock was sent packing to San Francisco in a deal that brought Bobby Murcer to the Cubs. He continued to hit. In June of 1979 the Pirates made a trade that brought him to Pittsburgh, were he helped "The Family" win the World Series. He continued to hit. He won another two batting titles in 1981 & 1983, having just missed out on the '82 crown.
Bill Madlock was the first player to win multiple batting titles with two different teams. He was was the last team captain the Pittsburgh Pirates have had, being named to the position after Willie Stargell retired in 1982.


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Book your room at NH Collection Venezia Palazzo Barocci
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NH Palazzo Barocci is set in Venice city center close to St. Mark's Square, Rialto Bridge, and Theatre Fenice. From the airport or train station guests can take a vaporetto to Sant'Angelo.
Lounge bar
The hotel features a lounge bar that serves cocktails and drinks. In summer you can relax on the terrace.
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The 59 rooms are designed to provide guests with the highest level of service. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning, satellite TV, mini bar, free WiFi Internet access, coffee/tea maker, and complimentary toiletries.
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Hotel Amenities
NH Palazzo Barocci was fully renovated in May 2014. Facing Venice's Grand Canal, in the heart of the city, the hotel has a private dock where guests can arrive by motorboat or gondola. The Sant'Angelo water bus stop is very close and provides a direct connection to Venice Marco Polo Airport. The hotel hosts a lounge bar that offers drinks and cocktails. Free WiFi is available both in public areas and rooms. The hotel also offers multilingual staff, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and dry cleaning/laundry services.
- Luggage storage
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- Total number of rooms - 59
- Number of floors - 3
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- No onsite parking is available.
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NH Lazy Sunday Promotion - Book a stay in any Breakfast Included rate category, for travel anytime including a Sunday, and receive the following:
- Breakfast available to noon on Sunday only
- Free late check-out until 3 PM only for those leaving on Sunday


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Marc Jacobs 306/S
. Price in USD is for your reference only, payment will be settled in US Dollars.
- Colour code: 001/JS
- Size: 61 mm / 13 mm / 135 mm
Frame colour: Gold / Light tortoise- Lens colour: Grey gradient
Product is Available, usually ships in 4-7 days
Shipping to UNITED STATES (USA) with the fastest shipping method, the estimated delivery date for this product is: 1/May/2015 - 7/May/2015- This shape better suits a face:Additional product information:
Men's Plastic Combo
UPC Code: 827886739837
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On Apr 2012, A. Olivera wrote:
Happy with the purchase. Its delicate design and form makes it perfect for smoky eyes.
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Pietro Andrea Mattioli
Pietro Andrea Mattioli | |
Born | 12 March 1501 Siena |
Died | 1577 Trento |
Author abbrev. (botany) | Mattioli |
Pietro Andrea Gregorio Mattioli (Matthiolus) (Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro anˈdrɛːa ɡreˈɡɔːrjo matˈtjɔːli]; 12 March 1501 – 1577) was a doctor and naturalist born in Siena.
He received his MD at the University of Padua in 1523, and subsequently practiced the profession in Siena, Rome, Trento and Gorizia, becoming personal physician of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Further Austria in Prague and Ambras Castle, and of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna.
Mattioli described the first case of cat allergy. His patient was so sensitive to cats that if he was sent into a room with a cat he reacted with agitation, sweating and pallor.[citation needed]
A careful student of botany, he described 100 new plants and coordinated the medical botany of his time in his Discorsi ("Commentaries") on the Materia Medica of Dioscorides. The first edition of Mattioli's work appeared in 1544 in Italian. There were several later editions in Italian and translations into Latin (Venice, 1554), French (Lyon, 1561), Czech, (Prague, 1562), and German (Prague, 1563).
In addition to identifying the plants originally described by Dioscorides, Mattioli added descriptions of some plants not in Dioscorides and not of any known medical use, thus marking a transition from to the study of plants as a field of medicine to a study of interest in its own right. In addition, the woodcuts in Mattioli's work were of a high standard, allowing recognition of the plant even when the text was obscure. A noteworthy inclusion is an early variety of tomato,the first documented example of the vegetable being grown and eaten in Europe.[1]
The plant genus Matthiola was named by Robert Brown in honor of Mattioli.[2]
Mattioli argued against Fracastoro's theory of fossils, as well as against his own conclusions, as described as follows in Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology:
The system of scholastic disputations encouraged in the Universities of the middle ages had unfortunately trained men to habits of indefinite argumentation, and they often preferred absurd and extravagant propositions, because greater skill was required to maintain them; the end and object of such intellectual combats being victory and not truth. ...Andrea Mattioli, for instance, an eminent botanist, the illustrator of Dioscorides, embraced the notion of Agricola, a German miner, that a certain 'materia pinguis' or 'fatty matter,' set into fermentation by heat, gave birth to fossil organic shapes. Yet Mattioli had come to the conclusion, from his own observations, that porous bodies, such as bones and shells, might be converted into stone, as being permeable to what he termed the 'lapidifying juice.[3]
- 1533, Morbi Gallici Novum ac Utilissimum Opusculum
- 1535, Liber de Morbo Gallico, dedicated to Bernardo Clesio
- 1536, De Morbi Gallici Curandi Ratione
- 1539, Il Magno Palazzo del Cardinale di Trento
- 1544, Di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo Libri cinque Della historia, et materia medicinale tradotti in lingua volgare italiana da M. Pietro Andrea Matthiolo Sanese Medico, con amplissimi discorsi, et comenti, et dottissime annotationi, et censure del medesimo interprete, also known as Discorsi
- 1548, Italian translation of Geografia di Tolomeo
- 1554, Petri Andreae Matthioli Medici Senensis Commentarii, in Libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de Materia Medica, Adjectis quàm plurimis plantarum & animalium imaginibus, eodem authore, also known as Commentarii. This Materia Medica work had anonymous commentaries by Michael Servetus, and it is known as "Lyon printers tribute to Michael de Villanueva."[4]
- 1558, Petri Andreae Matthioli senensis, serenissimi Principis Ferdinandi Auchiducis Austriae &c. Medici, commentarii secundo aucti, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medica materia : adjectis quam plurimis Plantarum, & Animalium Imaginibus quae in priore Editione non habentur, eodem Authore Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- 1558, Apologia Adversus Amatum Lusitanum (attached to the Digital edition above)
- 1561, Epistolarum Medicinalium Libri Quinque
- 1569, Opusculum de Simplicium Medicamentorum Facultatibus
- 1571, Compendium de Plantis Omnibus una cum Earum Iconibus
- 1586, De plantis epitome. Francofurti ad Moenum Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- 1590, Kreutterbuch deß hochgelehrten unnd weitberühmten Herrn D. Petri Andreae Matthioli : jetzt widerumb mit viel schönen neuwen Figuren, auch nützlichen Artzeneyen, und andern guten Stücken, zum andern mal auß sonderm Fleiß gemehret und verfertigt. Franckfort am Mayn : [Johann Feyerabend für Peter Fischer & Heinrich Tack]. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- 1598, Medici Caesarei et Ferdinandi Archiducis Austriae opera quae extant omnia . Frankfurt a.M. Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- 1627, Les commentaires de P. André Matthiolus sur les six livres de Pedacius Dioscoride Anazarbeen, de la matiere medecinale : traduits de latin en françois, par M. Antoine du Pinet ; et illustrez de nouveau, d'un bon nombre de figures, & augmentez ... ; avec plusieurs tables ... . Lyon Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- ^ McCue, George Allen. "The History of the Use of the Tomato: An Annotated Bibliography." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (Missouri Botanical Garden Press) 39, no. 4 (November 1952): 291.
- ^ Genaust, Helmut (1976). Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen ISBN 3-7643-0755-2
- ^ Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, 1832, p.29
- ^ Michael Servetus Research Website with graphical study on the Materia Medica of 1554 by Mattioli and Michael "Servetus"
- ^ "Author Query for 'Mattioli'". International Plant Names Index.
- Duane Isely, One hundred and one botanists (Iowa State University Press, 1994), pp. 26–28
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pietro Andrea Mattioli. |
- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Pietro Mattioli in .jpg and .tiff format.


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Replica of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Last updated by yourguide at 2014/11/15
Replica of Terracotta Warriors and Horses entombed in the First Emperor's Mausoleum are designed according to these digged out from the tomb. The replica looks almost the same with the real things.
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Search Result
Search Tags: Government Executive
Supercommittee failure could hurt feds' image
Tom Shoop is the editor-in-chief of Government Executive.
Tags: Tom Shoop , budget , Congress , supercommittee , In Depth
Donovan focuses on morale to turn around HUD
Congress gave Department of Housing and Urban Development programs to help homeless vets a slight boost in fiscal year 2012, in what may be a sign that Secretary Shaun Donovan's plan to turn around an agency once called the "poster child for scandal-ridden, dysfunctional bureaucracy" is working. Donovan said he is emphasizing performance based on data, and demanding that HUD staff increase collaboration among themselves and with other agencies. He spoke Thursday at the Excellence in Government conference in Washington.
Tags: Shaun Donovan , HUD , EIG , budget , workforce , Employee Viewpoint Survey , Best Places to Work , Emily Kopp
Three agencies make top 10 places to work for young people
Tom Shoop, editor-in-chief of Gov Exec, explains why these agencies are so appealing.
Tags: Tom Shoop , State , CIA , FBI , In Depth , workforce
New federal hiring concentrated in DoD, VA, DHS
Despite considerations to cut federal workforce sizes, three agencies' staff have been growing in recent years.
Tags: Tom Shoop , management , workforce , In Depth , DoD , DHS , VA
Analysis: Costs of IRS cuts
Tom Shoop is editor-in-chief of Government Executive.
Tags: Tom Shoop , budget , IRS , Congress , In Depth
Achieving government reform...is it possible?
Tom Shoop is the editor-in-chief of Government Executive.
Tags: Tom Shoop , management , best practices , Paul Light , efficiency , In Depth
'Do more with less' lessons from Hollywood
In the Hollywood blockbuster Moneyball, Oakland A's general manager Billy Beane develops a new method of evaluating players and assessing overall team strengths that help dramatically improve his team.
Tags: Shelley Metzenbaum , OMB , management , In Depth , moneyball , Tom Shoop , budget
Brewin cyberattacks
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Optimism from a near-shutdown?
There will not be a government shutdown over the 2011 budget any time soon, but the near shutdown was a fight almost every inch of the way. But some feds are taking a more optimistic view.
Tags: Tom Shoop , In Depth , Congress , budget , shutdown
Financial agency faces challenges as it opens shop
Government Executive Editor-in-Chief Tom Shoop joined In Depth with Francis Rose to discuss the official opening of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Earlier this week, former Ohio Attorney Gen. Richard Cordray was named the new head of the agency.
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Situated above the village of Blaenau Ffestiniog, the Moelwyns crags offer some great climbs especially in the easier grades on Clogwyn yr Oen and Craig yr Wrysgan, and some much steeper and more challenging routes on Craig y Clipiau. As this is a quiet backwater, you can often escape the crowds of Ogwen or Tremadog on even the warmest of summer days. There are three main crags covered in this book, all accessed from the same carpark below the disused quarry above Tan y Grisiau (which can be bewildering to find on first acquaintance).
18 trad routes (VD...E5) Graded List of Routes List of First Ascents | |||
Buttress (click for routes) | No. of Routes | Route Type | Sunshine or shade |
Approach walk | Other |
Clogwyn yr Oen This delightful multi-pitch crag has many quality easier routes, most of which have ample belay... |
5 | Trad |
Sun to mid-afternoon |
Uphill 20 mins |
Craig yr Wrysgan The closest crag to the carpark in Tanygrisiau, but never the most popular. Despite having several... |
4 | Trad |
Sun to mid-afternoon |
Uphill 10 mins |
Craig y Clipiau Whilst not as big as its neighbours, it more than makes up for it in steepness. Expect to get... |
9 | Trad |
Lots of sun! |
Uphill 15 mins |
What do these symbols mean? |


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Horsey Two Shoes first appeared in the author's previous book 'Nine Tales Of Shredder' as a more minor character but here of course he really shines. As always Horsey Two Shoes works hard as a work horse ploughing the paddocks for his master Aaron for the 'hard times ahead' (something we possibly all should be doing in these uncertain times) and he has lots of fun with Aaron's dogs - Boston, Shredder and Talbot. Horsey rescues a lost cow as in the last cow standing, he helps rescue an abandoned kitten (Bubble Wrap Cat) and last but not least adopts an injured duck which at first he intended shooting. Adults and children alike will love the humor and colourful illustrations included throughout.
The Hubless Wheel Published November 22, 2014
Doctor Thymus Published November 22, 2014
The Odette Owakening by Dianne Connolly Published November 22, 2014
Mother Cat And Snapper Girl Published March 29, 2014
Nine Tales Of Shredder Published August 26, 2013
Old Madge Witch Published August 15, 2013


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Egg white
Egg white is the common name for the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg.[1] It forms around either fertilized or unfertilized egg yolks. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo (when fertilized). Egg white consists primarily of about 90% water into which is dissolved 10% proteins (including albumins, mucoproteins, and globulins). Unlike the yolk, which is high in lipids (fats), egg white contains almost no fat, and carbohydrate content is less than 1%. Egg whites contain just over 50% of the protein in the egg. Egg white has many uses in food (e.g. mousse) and also many other uses (e.g. in the preparation of vaccines such as those for influenza).
Chicken egg white is about two-thirds of the total egg's weight out of its shell, with nearly 92% of that weight coming from water. The remaining weight of the egg white comes from protein, trace minerals, fatty material, vitamins, and glucose.[2] A raw U.S. large egg white weighs 33 grams with 3.6 grams of protein, 0.24 grams of carbohydrate and 55 milligrams of sodium. It also contains about 17 calories[3] and no cholesterol. Egg white is an alkaline solution and contains approximately 40 different proteins.[4] Below is a list of the proteins found in egg whites by percentage, along with their natural functions.[2][5]
- 54% Ovalbumin - Nutrition
- 12% Ovotransferrin - Binds iron
- 11% Ovomucoid - Blocks digestive enzymes[citation needed]
- 4% Ovoglobulin G2
- 4% Ovoglobulin G3
- 3.5% Ovomucin
- 3.4% Lysozyme - Kills bacteria
- 1.5% Ovoinhibitor
- 1% Ovoglycoprotein
- 0.8% Flavoprotein
- 0.5% Ovomacroglobulin
- 0.05% Avidin - Binds biotin
- 0.05% Cystatin
(Total listed 95.8%)
The physical stress of beating egg white can create a foam. There are two types of physical stress caused by beating them with a whisk, the first being that the whisk drags the liquid through itself, creating a force that unfolds the protein molecules. This process is called denaturation. The second stress comes from the mixing of air into the whites, which causes the proteins to come out of their natural state. These denatured proteins gather together where the air and water meet and create multiple bonds with the other unraveled proteins, and thus become a foam, holding the incorporated air in place. This is because the proteins consist of amino acids; some are hydrophilic (attracted to water) and some are hydrophobic (repelled by water). This process is called coagulation.[6][7]
When beating egg whites, they are classified in three stages according to the peaks they form when the beater is lifted: soft, firm, and stiff peaks. Overbeaten eggs take on a dry appearance, and will eventually collapse. Egg whites will not beat up correctly if they are exposed to any form of fat, such as cooking oils or the fats contained in egg yolk.
Stabilizing foam for culinary purposes[edit]
Copper bowl[edit]
Copper bowls have been used in France since the eighteenth century to stabilize egg foams. The copper in the bowl assists in creating a tighter bond in reactive sulfur items such as egg whites. The bond created is so tight that the sulfurs are prevented from reacting with any other material. A silver plated bowl will have the same result as the copper bowl as will a pinch of powdered copper supplement from a health store used in a glass bowl. Drawbacks of the copper bowl include the expense of the bowl itself, as well as the fact that the bowls are difficult to keep clean. Copper contamination from the bowl is minimal, as a cup of foam will contain a tenth of one's daily normal intake level.[8]
Health issues[edit]
Although egg whites are prized as a source of low-fat, high-protein nutrition, a small number of people cannot eat them. Egg allergy is more common among infants than adults, and most children will outgrow it by the age of five.[9] Allergic reactions against egg white are more common than reactions against egg yolks.[10] In addition to true allergic reactions, some people experience a food intolerance to egg whites.[10]
Eggs are susceptible to Salmonella contamination. Thorough cooking eliminates the direct threat (i.e. cooked egg whites that are solid and not runny), but the threat of cross-contamination remains if people handle contaminated eggs and then touch other foods or items in the kitchen, thus spreading the bacteria.
In August 2010, the FDA ordered the recall of 380 million eggs because of possible Salmonella contamination. The Los Angeles Times reported, "With 380 million eggs under recall, consumers may be anxious about eating any egg or food product containing eggs. Here's the upshot: Thoroughly cooked eggs are safe, but cross-contamination could be a problem."[11]
Egg white is a fining agent that can be used in the clarification and stabilization of wine.
In the 1750's, egg whites were believed to prevent swelling, and were used for that purpose. To help soothe areas of skin that were afflicted, egg white mixed with Armenic bole could help restore the fibers. Egg whites were also used in the bookbinding process, to attach the gold to a bound spine, known as glairing, and also to give a book cover shine.[12]
See also[edit]
- Albumen print
- Haugh unit, a unit of measure for egg albumen
- Meringue, a dessert or dessert ingredient made from egg white
- ^ Ornithology, Volume 1994 By Frank B. Gill p. 361
- ^ a b McGee, 77
- ^ McGee, 79
- ^ Exploratorium
- ^ Takehiko Yamamoto, Mujo Kim, Hen eggs
- ^ Exploratorium.edu
- ^ McGee, 102
- ^ McGee, 102-103
- ^ "Egg Allergy Facts" Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America
- ^ a b Arnaldo Cantani (2008). Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Berlin: Springer. pp. 710–713. ISBN 3-540-20768-6.
- ^ Roan, Shari (August 20, 2010). "Eggs and salmonella: What you need to know". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ Vandenesse, Urbain de. "Egg White." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by Abigail Wendler Bainbridge. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2011. Web. Accessed 31 March 2015. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0002.627>. Trans. of "Blanc d'oeuf," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 2. Paris, 1752.
Works cited[edit]
- Elmhurst College, Denaturation Protein
- Exploratorium, Anatomy of an Egg
- Gilbertus. Compendium Medicine Gilberti Anglici Tam Morborum Universalium Quam Particularium Nondum Medicis Sed & Cyrurgicis Utilissimum. Lugduni: Impressum per Jacobum Sacconum, expensis Vincentii de Portonariis, 1510.
- Good Eats, Let Them Eat Foam. DVD. Television Food Network, June 13, 2001.
- McGee, Harold. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. New York: Scribner, 2004, edited by Vinay.
External links[edit]
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |


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Quality Hotel Plaza Dresden Koenigsbruecker Strasse 121a Dresden, 01099 Phone: (49) 35 180630 Fax: (49) 35 18063721 |
Theater Square (Theaterplatz)
Dresden, 01067
+49 351 4919 2100 (Tourist Information)
Mo to Su from 12:00 AM to 12:00 PM
Dresden's most beautiful square, Theaterplatz, is flanked by the world-famous Semper Opera House, the Zwinger, Gallery of the Old Masters, Schinkelwache, Residenzschloss Palace, Hofkirche and the Italienisches Dörfchen restaurant. Each building is a masterpiece and the effect of the entire ensemble is truly breathtaking. Visitors can admire a variety of architectural style, from baroque to Neo-renaissance by masters like Semper and Chiaveri. The centerpiece is a bronze statue of King John on his horse by Johannes Schilling. Locals and visitors flock to the square every summer for fantastic open-air concerts.Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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Love you too!
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Eye-Catching Elegance Dress
All eyes are on you as you step through the ballroom's grand entrance. As this strapless frock skims your fantastic figure, exceptionally exquisite details such as the lush rosette at the waist and curved, overlapping panels from waist to hem shimmer beneath the chandeliers. The hostess of the party comes to greet you before directing you to meet a flock of fascinating individuals in your field. In this crimson dress, seamed stockings, and glittery pumps, you'll be the lady in red that everyone wishes to waltz with.
Final Sale: This item cannot be returned or exchanged.
- 60% Polyester, 35% Nylon, 5% Spandex.
- Fabric provides stretch.
- Dry clean only.
- Unlined. Hidden back zipper. Padded bust.
- Made in the United States
Product Measurements:
Size | S | M | L |
Length | 27 | 27.5 | 29 |
All measurements in inches.


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Rethinking caching in web apps
Having spent a lot of the last few years worrying about the scalability of data-heavy applications like Rapportive, I have started to get the feeling that maybe we have all been "doing it wrong". Maybe what we consider to be "state of the art" application architecture is actually holding us back.
I don't have a definitive answer for how we should be architecting things differently, but in this post I'd like to outline a few ideas that I have been fascinated by recently. My hope is that we can develop ways of better managing scale (in terms of complexity, volume of data and volume of traffic) while keeping our applications nimble, easy and safe to modify, test and iterate.
My biggest problem with web application architecture is how network communication concerns are often intermingled with business logic concerns. This makes it hard to rearrange the logic into new architectures, such as the precomputed cache architecture described below. In this post I explore why it important to be able to try new architectures for things like caching, and what it would take to achieve that flexibility.
An example
To illustrate, consider the clichéd Rails blogging engine example:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_accessible :title, :content, :author
has_many :comments
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_accessible :content, :author
belongs_to :post
class PostsController < ApplicationController
def show
@post = Post.find(params[:id])
respond_to do |format|
format.html # show.html.erb
format.json { render :json => @post }
# posts/show.html.erb:

<%= @post.title %>

By <%= @post.author %>

<%= simple_format(@post.content) %>

<% @post.comments.each do |comment| %>

<%= simple_format(comment.content) %>

<%= comment.author %>

<% end %>
Pretty good code by various standards, but it has always irked me a bit that I can't see where the
network communication (i.e. making database queries) is happening. When I look at that Post.find
in the controller, I can guess that probabably translates into a SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id = ?
internally – unless the same query was already made recently, and ActiveRecord cached the result.
And another database query of the form SELECT * FROM comments WHERE post_id = ?
might be made as a
result of the @post.comments
call in the template. Or maybe the comments were already previously
loaded by some model logic, and then cached? Or someone decided to eagerly load comments with the
original post? Who knows.
The execution flow for a MVC framework request like PostsController#show
probably looks something
like this:
Of course it is deliberately designed that way. Your template and your controller shouldn't have to worry about database queries — those are encapsulated by the model for many good reasons. I am violating abstraction by even thinking about the database whilst I'm in the template code! I should just think of my models as pure, beautiful pieces of application state. How that state gets loaded from a database is a matter that only the models need to worry about.
Adding complexity
In the example above, the amount of logic in the model is minimal, but it typically doesn't stay that way for long. As the application becomes popular (say, the blogging engine morphs to become Twitter, Tumblr, Reddit or Pinterest), all sorts of stuff gets added: memcache to stop the database from falling over, spam filtering, analytics features, email sending, notifications, A/B testing, more memcache, premium features, ads, upsells for viral loops, more analytics, even more memcache. As the application inevitably grows in complexity, the big monolithic beast is split into several smaller services, and different services end up being maintained by different teams.
As all of this is happening, the programming model typically stays the same: each service in the architecture (which may be a user-facing web server, or an internal service e.g. for user authentication) communicates over the network with a bunch of other nodes (memcached instances, database servers, other application services), processes and combines the data in some way, and then serves it out to a client.
That processing and combining of data we can abstractly call "business logic". It might be trivially simple, or it might involve half a million lines of parsing, rendering or machine learning code. It might behave differently depending on which A/B test bucket the user is in. It might deal with hundreds of hairy edge cases. Whatever.
At the root of the matter, business logic should be a pure function. It takes a bunch of inputs (request parameters from the client, data stored in various databases and caches, responses from various other services) and produces a bunch of outputs (data to return to the client, data to write back to various databases and caches). It is usually deterministic: given the same inputs, the business logic should produce exactly the same output again. It is also stateless: any data that is required to produce the output or to make a decision has to be provided as an input.
By contrast, the network communication logic is all about 'wiring'. It may end up having a lot of complexity in its own right: sending requests to the right node of a sharded database, retrying failed requests with exponential back-off, making requests to different services in parallel, cross-datacenter failover, service authentication, etc. But the network communication logic ought to be general-purpose and completely independent of your application's business logic.
Both business logic and network communication logic are needed to build a service. But how do you combine the two into a single process? Most commonly, we build abstractions for each type of logic, hiding the gory implementation details. Much like in the blog example above, you end up calling a method somewhere inside the business logic, not really knowing or caring whether it will immediately return a value that the object has already computed, or whether it will talk to another process on the same machine, or load the value from some remote cache, or make a query on a database cluster somewhere.
It's good that the business logic doesn't need to worry about how and when the communication happens. And it's good that the communication logic is general-purpose and not polluted with application-specific concerns. But I think it's problematic that network communication may happen somewhere deeply inside a business logic call stack. Let me try to explain why.
Precomputed caches
As your volume of data and your number of users grow, database access often becomes a bottleneck (there are more queries competing for I/O, and each query takes longer when there's more data). The standard answer to the problem is of course caching. You can cache at many different levels: an individual database row, or a model object generated by combining several sources, or even an entire HTML page ready to serve to a client. I will focus on the mid-to-high-level caches, where the raw data has gone through some sort of business logic before it ends up in the cache.
Most commonly, caches are set up in read-through style: on every query, you first check the cache, and return the value from the cache if it's a hit; otherwise it's a miss, so you do whatever is required to generate the value (query databases, apply business logic, perform voodoo), and return it to the client whilst also storing it in the cache for next time. As long as you can generate the value on the fly in a reasonable time, this works pretty well.
I will gloss over cache invalidation and expiry for now, and return to it below.
The most apparent problem with a read-through cache is that the first time a value is requested, it's always slow. (And if your cache is too small to hold the entire dataset, rarely accessed values will get evicted and thus be slow every time.) That may or may not be a problem for you. One reason why it may be a problem is that on many sites, the first client to request a given page is typically the Googlebot, and Google penalises slow sites in rankings. So if you have the kind of site where Google juice is lifeblood, then your SEO guys may tell you that a read-through cache is not good enough.
So, can you make sure that the data is in the cache even before it is requested for the first time? Well, if your dataset isn't too huge, you can actually precompute every possible cache entry, put them in a big distributed key-value store and serve them with minimal latency. That has a great advantage: cache misses no longer exist. If you've precomputed every possible cache entry, and a key isn't in the cache, you can be sure that there's no data for that key.
If that sounds crazy to you, consider these points:
- A database index is a special case of a precomputed cache. For every value you might want to search for, the index tells you where to find occurrences of that value. If it's not in the index, it's not in the database. The initial index creation is a one-off batch job, and thereafter the database automatically keeps it in sync with the raw data. Yes, databases have been doing this for a long time.
- With Hadoop you can process terabytes of data without breaking a sweat. That is truly awesome power.
- There are several datastores that allow you to precompute their files in Hadoop, which makes them very well suited for serving the cache that you precomputed. We are currently using Voldemort in read-only mode (research paper), but HBase and ElephantDB can do this too.
- If you're currently storing data in denormalized form (to avoid joins on read queries), you can stop doing that. You can keep your primary database in a very clean, normalized schema, and any caches you derive from it can denormalize the data to your heart's content. This gives you the best of both worlds.
Separating communication from business logic
Ok, say you've decided that you want to precompute a cache in Hadoop. As we've not yet addressed cache invalidation (see below), let's just say you're going to rebuild the entire cache once a day. That means the data you serve out of the cache will be stale, out of date by up to a day, but that's still acceptable for some applications.
The first step is to get your raw data into HDFS. That's not hard, assuming you have daily database backups: you can take your existing backup, transform it into a more MapReduce-friendly format such as Avro, and write it straight to HDFS. Do that with all your production databases and you've got a fantastic resource to work with in Hadoop.
Now, to build your precomputed cache, you need to apply the same business logic to the same data as you would in an uncached service that does it on the fly. As described above, your business logic takes as input the request parameters from the user and any data that is loaded from databases or services in order to serve that request. If you have all that data in HDFS, and you can work out all possible request parameters, then in theory, you should be able to take your existing business logic implementation and run it in Hadoop.
Business logic can be very complex, so you should probably aim to reuse the existing implementation rather than rewriting it. But doing so requires untangling the real business logic from all the network communication logic.
When your business logic is running as a service processing individual requests, you're used to making several small requests to databases, caches or other services as part of generating a response (see the blog example above). Those small requests constitute gathering all the inputs needed by the business logic in order to produce its output (e.g. a rendered HTML page).
But when you're running in Hadoop, this is all turned on its head. You don't want to be making individual random-access requests to data, because that would be an order of magnitude too slow. Instead you need to use MapReduce to gather all the inputs for one particular evaluation of the business logic into one place, and then run the business logic given those inputs without any network communication. Rather than the business logic pulling together all the bits of data it needs in order to produce a response, the MapReduce job has already gathered all the data it knows the business logic is going to need, and pushes it into the business logic function.
Let's use the blog example to make this more concrete. The data dependency is fairly simple: when
the blog post params[:id]
is requested, we require the row in the posts
table whose id
matches the requested post, and we require all the rows in the comments
table whose post_id
column matches the requested post. If the posts
and comments
tables are in HDFS, it's a very
simple MapReduce job to group together the post with id = x
and all the comments with
post_id = x
We can then use a stub database implementation to feed those database rows into the existing Post
and Comment
model objects. That way we can make the models think that they loaded the data from a
database, even though actually we had already gathered all the data we knew it was going to need.
The model objects can keep doing their job as normally, and the output they produce can be written
straight to the cache.
By this point, two problems should be painfully clear:
- How does the MapReduce job know what inputs the business logic is going to need in order to work?
- OMG, implementing stub database drivers, isn't that a bit too much pain for limited gain? (Note that in testing frameworks it's not unusual to stub out your database, so that you can run your unit tests without a real database. Still, it's non-trivial and annoying.)
Both problems have the same cause, namely that the network communication logic is triggered from deep inside the business logic.
Data dependencies
When you look at the business logic in the light of precomputing a cache, it seems like the following pattern would make more sense:
- Declare your data dependencies: "if you want me to render the blog post with ID
, I'm going to need the row in theposts
table withid = x
, and also all the rows in thecomments
table withpost_id = x
". - Let the communication logic deal with resolving those dependencies. If you're running as a normal web app, that means making database (or memcache) queries to one or more databases, and maybe talking to other services. If you're running in Hadoop, it means configuring the MapReduce job to group together all the pieces of data on which the business logic depends.
- Once all the dependencies have been loaded, the business logic is now a pure function, deterministic and side-effect-free, that produces our desired output. It can perform whatever complicated computation it needs to, but it's not allowed access to the network or data stores that weren't declared as dependencies up front.
This separation would make application architecture very different from the way it is commonly done today. I think this new style would have several big advantages:
- By removing the assumption that the business logic is handling one request at a time, it becomes much easier to run the business logic in completely different contexts, such as in a batch job to precompute a cache. (No more stubbing out database drivers.)
- Testing becomes much easier. All the tricky business logic for which you want to write unit tests is now just a function with a bunch of inputs and a bunch of outputs. You can easily vary what you put in, and easily check that the right thing comes out. Again, no more stubbing out the database.
- The network communication logic can become a lot more helpful. For example, it can make several queries in parallel without burdening the business logic with a lot of complicated concurrency stuff, and it can deduplicate similar requests.
- Because the data dependencies are very clearly and explicitly modelled, the system becomes easier to understand, and it becomes easier to move modules around, split a big monolithic beast into smaller services, or combine smaller services into bigger, logical units.
I hope you agree that this is a very exciting prospect. But is it practical?
In most cases, I think it would not be very hard to make business logic pure (i.e. stop making database queries from deep within) — it's mostly a matter of refactoring. I have done it to substantial chunks of the Rapportive code base, and it was a bit tedious but perfectly doable. And the network communication logic wouldn't have to change much at all.
The problem of making this architecture practical hinges on having a good mechanism for declaring data dependencies. The idea is not new — for instance, LinkedIn have an internal framework for resolving data dependencies that queries several services in parallel — but I've not yet seen a language or framework that really gets to the heart of the problem.
Adapting the blog example above, this is what I imagine such an architecture would look like:
We still have models, and they are still used as encapsulations of state, but they are no longer wrappers around a database connection. Instead, the dependency resolver can take care of the messy business of talking to the database; the models are pure and can focus on the business logic. The models don't care whether they are instantiated in a web app or in a Hadoop cluster, and they don't care whether the data was loaded from a SQL database or from HDFS. That's the way it should be.
In my spare time I have started working on a language called Flowquery (don't bother searching, there's nothing online yet) to solve the problem of declaring data dependencies. If I can figure it out, it should make precomputed caches and all the good things above very easy. But it's not there yet, so I don't want to oversell it.
But wait, there is one more thing…
Cache invalidation
There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things. — Phil Karlton
How important is it that the data in your cache is up-to-date and consistent with your "source of truth" database? The answer depends on the application and the circumstances. For example, if the user edits their own data, you almost certainly want to show them an up-to-date version of their own data post-editing, otherwise they will assume that your app is broken. But you might be able to get away with showing stale data to other users for a while. For data that is not directly edited by users, stale data may always be ok.
If staleness is acceptable, caching is fairly simple: on a read-through cache you set an expiry time on a cache key, and when that time is reached, the entry falls out of the cache. On a precomputed cache you do nothing, and just wait until the next time you recompute the entire thing.
In cases where greater consistency is required, you have to explicitly invalidate cache entries when the original data changes. If just one cache key is affected by a change, you can write-through to that cache key when the "source of truth" database is updated. If many keys may be affected, you can use generational caching and clever generalisations thereof. Whatever technique you use, it usually ends up being a lot of manually written, fiddly and error-prone code. Not a great joy to work with, hence the terribly clichéd quote above.
But… observe the following: in our efforts to separate pure business logic from network communication logic, we decided that we needed to explicitly model the data dependencies, and only data sources declared there are permitted as inputs to the business logic. In other words, the data dependency framework knows exactly which pieces of data are required in order to generate a particular piece of output — and conversely, when a piece of (input) data changes, it can know exactly which outputs (cache entries) may be affected by the change!
This means that if we have a real-time feed of changes to the underlying databases, we can feed it into a stream processing framework like Storm, run the data dependency analysis in reverse on every change, recompute the business logic for each output affected by the change in input, and write the results to another datastore. This store sits alongside the precomputed cache we generated in a batch process in Hadoop. When you want to query the cache, check both the output of the batch process and the output of the stream process. If the stream process has generated more recent data, use that, otherwise use the batch process output.
If you've been following recent news in Big Data, you may recognise this as an application of Nathan Marz' lambda architecture (described in detail in his upcoming book). I cannot thank Nathan enough for his amazing work in this area.
In this architecture, you get the benefits of a precomputed cache (every request is fast, including the first one), it keeps itself up-to-date with the underlying data, and because you have already declared your data dependencies, you don't need to manually write cache invalidation code! The same dependency declaration can be used in three different ways:
- In 'online' mode in a service or web app, for driving the network communication logic in order to make all the required queries and requests in order to serve an incoming request, and to help with read-through caching.
- In 'offline' mode in Hadoop, to configure a MapReduce pipeline that brings together all the required data in order to run it through the business logic and generate a precomputed cache of all possible queries.
- In 'nearline' mode in Storm, to configure a stream processing topology that tracks changes to the underlying data, determines which cache keys need to be invalidated, and recomputes the cache values for those keys using the business logic.
I am designing Flowquery so that it can be used in all three modes — you should be able to write your data dependencies just once, and let the framework take care of bringing all the necessary data together so that the business logic can act on it.
My hope is to make caching and cache invalidation as simple as database indexes. You declare an index once, the database runs a one-off batch job to build the index, and thereafter automatically keeps it up-to-date as the table contents change. It's so simple to use that we don't even think about it, and that's what we should be aiming for in the realm of caching.
The project is still at a very early stage, but hopefully I'll be posting more about it as it progresses. If you'd like to hear more, please leave your email address and I'll send you a brief note when I post more. Or you can follow me on Twitter or App.net.
Thanks to Nathan Marz, Pete Warden, Conrad Irwin, Rahul Vohra and Sam Stokes for feedback on drafts of this post.


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Elaborate invitations are one thing that can drive up cost of a wedding. (WeddingChannel.com/MCT) / MCT
Many couples celebrated the holidays by getting engaged and soon will begin planning for their big day. Setting a wedding budget is an important first step in planning.
Weve asked the experts to clue us in on their insider secrets for avoiding some little-known financial pitfalls all those pricey extras that slide in under the radar to stick to your wedding budget.
Here are their 10 tips:
1. Wedding band equipment
Why its hidden: The cost of the wedding band includes fees for the musicians time and the minimum amount of equipment needed. If your reception space is extra-large, then additional speakers and microphones could possibly be required to project the best sound quality.
The cost: Anywhere from several hundred to several thousand dollars
How to avoid it: Before booking your wedding band or DJ, you need to clearly explain the layout of the space (or have them check it out, if theyre willing) so the vendors know exactly what theyre working with. If they want to add in extra equipment, you should have them explain why its necessary before you sign a contract or agree to pay for anything else.
2. Postage stamps
Why its hidden: Stationers dont advertise the shipping costs; if they did, you might decide to go with simpler (read: cheaper) invites.
The cost: Oversized, awkwardly shaped and bulky invitations will most often run you as much as $2 each to mail.
How to avoid it: Skip the fancy boxed invitations and multilayer cards, which can bulk up quickly and cost a lot more than you bargained for.
3. Dress alterations
Why its hidden: Most stores dont include alterations (or steaming!) in the price of the wedding dress, and theyre not doing it for free it can take up to 3 hours just to alter the bustier!
The cost: A simple hem can be less than $100, but completely rebuilding a bodice or moving zippers can send the price upward of $500.
How to avoid it: Ask about what the store charges for every alteration you might need before you purchase the gown.
4. Overtime costs
Why its hidden: Your band, DJ, wedding photographer and videographer are booked for just a certain amount of time, so if your wedding runs a little longer than you expected, theyll charge per hour.
The cost: Starting at $250 per hour
How to avoid it: Factor in additional time for getting dressed and taking photos; that way, you can book your vendors for a more realistic timeline. Get overtime costs in writing (they shouldnt be more than 50 percent more per hour than the regular rate) so youll know what to expect if you decide to keep the party going.
5. Welcome-bag delivery
Why its hidden: Most hotels dont factor in a welcome-bag delivery fee when you block rooms. And they might fail to mention the rate unless you ask theyll just add it to your final bill. Inquire within; they might even charge you a fee for holding the welcome bags if you drop them off before the guests arrive!
The cost: Up to $7 per bag
How to avoid it: During the booking process, ask about the hotels policy on receiving and delivering welcome bags to guests rooms. It could be free or cheaper if they hand the bags out at the counter as guests check in. If you dont want the extra charge, you can distribute them at the rehearsal dinner.
6. Rental transport
Why its hidden: Youd assume that the rental companies would include these extra fees in the per-item costs (do they honestly think youre going to fit 150 chiavari chairs in your own car?), but surprisingly, they dont.
The cost: From $50 up to more than $500
How to avoid it: Ask the rental company what their shipping and packaging fees are up front if the cost is too high for your budget, shop around a bit. You just might find that youll actually save some money by renting items from a more expensive company that includes delivery costs at no extra charge.
7. Taxes and gratuities
Why its hidden: Even though these arent exactly hidden we all know that there are taxes on almost everything most couples dont think about how much theyll end up owing during the planning process.
The cost: This will depend on the total amount of money youre spending as well as the location of the event (taxes vary in different areas).
How to avoid it: Theres no getting around paying taxes, but paying the entire bill in one lump sum can help lower the overall price. A safe bet: Tack on an extra third of your total costs to your budget for tips and taxes.
8. Cake-cutting
Why its hidden: If you use the cake or booze provided by your reception site, the charge is typically wrapped into the cost. Going with an outside baker or vino can raise the price. Why? Because your venues workers are responsible for slicing and serving each piece, then cleaning the dishes. This means more work for their staff.
The cost: From $2 to $5 per guest for the cake; from $1.50 to $3 for every bottle the venue opens
How to avoid it: Calculate the cake-cutting and corkage fees before you decide to go with an outside source for either.
9. Cleanup costs
Why its hidden: Many brides spend so much time planning the actual day that they forget to budget for what happens when its all over.
The cost: While a full-service venue wont charge for these things, if youre paying a flat fee to rent the space only, anticipate fees for garbage removal (up to $250), freight elevator use (up to $150) and cleaning (up to $500). And even most full-service venues require same-day setup and cleanup. So if youre getting married on a weekend, expect to pay time and a half for labor, and if your party goes into the wee hours of the morning, you might face extra charges for late-night pickup and cleanup.
How to avoid it: Read your contract carefully the setup and breakdown costs should be included in the labor charge.
10. Non-approved vendors
Why its hidden: Some venues require you to use caterers or florists from their preferred vendor list and tack on a fee if you dont.
The cost: Usually an extra 20 percent or more
How to avoid it: Stick to the list, or choose a venue without one.
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LEGO Shop Home Categories Vehicles Police Dog Van
Release the dogs from the Police Dog Van and find the robber!
The forest policeman has followed the robber to the cave where he's stashed the stolen goods. It's time to release the dogs to help the police find them! Then lock him in the back of the Police Dog Van! Includes 2 minifigures: forest policeman and a robber.
- Includes 2 minifigures: forest policeman and a robber
- Vehicles include Police Dog Van and robber's sports car
- Also includes 2 police dogs
- Features opening side doors with space for 2 police dogs and rear opening door with cell
- Accessories include cave, tree, beehive, 2 gold bars, diamond, crowbar and handcuffs
- Catch the robber with the police dogs!
- Hide out in the cave and stash the goods!
- Measures over 6" (16cm) long
- Robber's sports car measures over 4" (12cm) long
- Add to your LEGO® City police collection with 7286 Prisoner Transport, 7288 Mobile Police Unit or 7498 Police Station!
- Retired as of December 2012


text: [[quoteright:350:[[WesternAnimation/ThePowerpuffGirls http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/rrb_ninjas.png]]]][[caption-width-right:350:[[HighlyVisibleNinja Like rainbows in the night]].]]A Technicolor Ninja is a character, most frequently some manner of [[{{Superhero}} costumed adventurer]], who is ''really'' stealthy. Not just BadAss; not just a {{Ninja}}, not just someone skilled in the StealthHiBye, but so very, incredibly, impossibly, unbelievably stealthy and sneaky that neither {{Muggles}} nor {{Mooks}} will spot this stealthy individual sneaking around in their [[ChromaticArrangement garishly colored costume]].They're so good they can foil electronic devices and some people with better-than-human abilities. This ability is rarely one that comes from their superpowers, nor from any manner of [[AppliedPhlebotinum onboard]] [[GreenLanternRing gimmickry]]. It's either a natural talent or a skill they have trained into themselves through [[TrainingFromHell years of devoted and rigorous practice]]. These ninjas are most frequently seen in ComicBooks, {{Anime}}, and AnimatedSeries, though it sometimes turns up in LiveActionTV as well. For ComicBooks, the trope is {{justified|Trope}} in that until about 25-30 years ago, the process used to print comics was only a four color process. The AnimationAgeGhetto may also have some culpability here because bright colors attract the attention of children.Ninjas whose costumes are black or other dark colors but can sneak around unseen in civilian clothing also fit this trope. Unlike the HighlyVisibleNinja, they don't necessarily travel in packs of 20. They ''don't'' yell "kiai" or "Hyaaaqaaa", nor do they twirl their weapons and pose at great distances from the enemy unless they have a weapon or superpower that makes it [[RuleOfCool worth it to do so]]. They don't tend to worry about the ConservationOfNinjutsu, either; alone or in pairs, these ninjas are good enough to take out lesser ninja without wrinkling that costume.Technically speaking, it is possible for someone not trained as a ninja to be so stealthy they're unnoticeable even in garish colors, but it is rarer. They are the result of a natural ability or developed skill of people who start out and are always basically humanoid shaped (or whatever passes for same on their world of origin). '''Exceptions:'''* {{Shapeshift|ing}}ers who can take on a shape no one will notice. * [[SuperSpeed Speedsters]] also don't count, as any streaks or afterimages are mainly for the benefit of the audience/viewer [[RuleOfPerception so they can tell]] where the character is who can move faster than the human eye can detect. Plus, it makes a [[RuleOfCool better looking scene setting]]. * People who can naturally turn invisible are actually opposite the point. These ninjas can't turn invisible yet the people around them behave as if they are.Contrast with HighlyVisibleNinja, who is quickly noticed, often Lampshaded, and subsequently attacked.----!!Examples:[[AC:{{Anime}}]]* ''Anime/ScienceNinjaTeamGatchaman'' (aka ''Anime/BattleOfThePlanets'' aka ''Eagle Riders'' aka ''G Force'') wore garishly colored ''bird themed'' uniforms that came with their own [[MickeyMousing "swish!"]] sound effect. Said suits were activated by {{Transformation Trinket}}s, and they still could sneak practically into the heart of the BigBad's HumongousMecha of the Week before the {{Mooks}} noticed them. * ''Anime/MazingerZ'': [[http://garada.net/mediashare/o5-6e3kjgy0boqeow3l7uukwa5i2kl1s0-pre.jpg Blazas S1 and S2]], two humanoid, blue-and-yellow MechaMooks were capable to infiltrate stealthily into the HomeBase and planting two bombs without being unseen.* Lafitte of ''Manga/OnePiece''. His costume doesn't stand out quite as much as some of the other characters mentioned here, but he snuck into what is arguably one of the most heavily guarded buildings in the world and went completely unnoticed before he intentionally revealed himself, all the while wearing ''tap dancing shoes''.** [[spoiler: He seems to have eaten a bird devils fruit as he can sprout wings, so he probably just flew to the window where he appeared.]]* Apparently, being [[WearingAFlagOnYourHead dressed like his nation's incredibly colorful flag]] doesn't prevent [[McNinja German ninja]] [[Anime/MobileFighterGGundam Schwarz Bruder]] from practically turning invisible when he wants to.* Despite his bright orange outfit, Manga/{{Naruto}} has proven himself capable of great stealth, when he actually chooses to act stealthily. A couple of [[AlternativeCharacterInterpretation different takes on Naruto himself]] give his reasons as wearing his "Safety Orange" outfit as either stealth training or it was the only thing he could get to wear.** Post-TimeSkip, Naruto does incorporate a large amount of black into his outfit, like a ninja should. Based on his recent proclamation to [[spoiler: Kushina]] it seems he chooses orange just because he likes it.** Notable occasions of Naruto displaying stealth include:*** Breaking into the Hokage tower and stealing a top-secret document with only one person discovering him by accident.*** Even more notable in that the one person was the Hokage himself and Naruto took him out of action with a [[DistractedByTheSexy Sexy No Jutsu]]. He took out the leader of his village and its most powerful ninja... why is he considered "dead last" again?*** Successfully hiding a dozen clones of himself in a small room in such a manner that the best student of his year didn't notice them.*** Evading the notice of Haku and Zabuza, experts at tracking opponents in a heavy mist, while attempting to link up with Sasuke.*** Replacing a hostage held by Iruka, the man who knows all of Naruto's tricks and abilities.*** Using one of his clones playing unconsciousness and hiding the hole when he hides himself under the ground, and then defeats Neji with a surprise upper cut from the ground.** It should also be noted that considering how an average person dresses in the Naruto-verse, an orange jumpsuit is infinitely better for blending into a crowd than a black stagehand uniform.* ''Manga/RanmaOneHalf'''s [[DudeLooksLikeALady Konatsu]] the [[WholesomeCrossdresser Kunoichi]]. Even though his uniform is bright red, he's incredibly stealthy, surprising even the most sensitive martial arts masters in the series. Also exhibited, surprisingly enough, by Sasuke, who despite his cringingly obvious ninja outfit often manages to be incredibly stealthy even though he's totally incompetent at anything else.[[AC:Comic Books]]* The Franchise/MarvelUniverse: ** ComicBook/XMen is an egregious offender, and that's without taking into consideration the telepaths who can shield their presence from others, or people who turn invisible or can fly. *** ComicBook/{{Wolverine}} wears bright yellow and frequently sneaks by the Mooks. Several of Wolverine's girlfriends are capable of the same:*** Yuriko is almost not a ridiculously stealthy ninja, except she likes to shout "GOTCHA!" at people she's sneaked up on. *** [=TigerTyger=] is ridiculously stealthy. *** Viper is ridiculously stealthy, despite wearing a bright green patent leather catsuit and spiked heels. *** ComicBook/{{Gambit}} has been known to wear a color somewhere between fuchsia and hot pink, and also is sneaky enough to go unnoticed in this color combination. *** Enemy Ms. Locke, who wears a red cheongsam, is ridiculously stealthy. *** Kitty Pryde is a trained ninja and tends to go unnoticed in the yellow and black "bumblebee" costume. And this is without taking into account that she can phase. *** Nightcrawler, whose costume is largely red and white, turns invisible (except for his eyes) in shadow, and can Wall Crawl like Spider-Man. As long as he doesn't teleport and give himself away, he's super stealthy. (He does have a "secondary mutation" of camouflaging while wearing a suit of unstable molecules. But this is never mentioned.)** SelfDemonstrating/{{Deadpool}} is a borderline CloudcuckooLander example. If he's concentrating enough to stop the constant stream of crazed, manic, fourth-wall breaking babble, he can be quite stealthy. Of course sometimes he is stealthy because of the constant stream of crazed, manic, and fourth-wall breaking behavior. The Skrulls were not looking for a [[CrouchingMoronHiddenBadass Super 'hero']] hidden [[CrazyAwesome dressed as a baseball mascot]].** Franchise/SpiderMan comes close because of NoPeripheralVision and the fact that he's got [[SuperReflexes faster reflexes]] than normal humans. Apparently no one in the Franchise/MarvelUniverse ever looks up.** The ever present Hand clan (originally from ''Comicbook/{{Daredevil}}'', but now they're everywhere) wear bright red costumes. And let's not forget former Hand disciple ComicBook/{{Elektra}}'s revealing leotard and loin-cloth... thing.* Franchise/TheDCU: ** ComicBook/{{Robin}} from ''Franchise/{{Batman}}''. The original Robin grows out of it; as Comicbook/{{Nightwing}}, he has the sense to wear a mostly black costume. But in his civilian clothing he can still pull off ridiculous stealth. Successive Robins have had more muted red and greens in their costumes (also pants). Tim Drake's costume is dark red and black, and he has a black cape with relatively muted yellow lining inside, which he uses to cloak himself. Damian Wayne has added a hood, presumably for extra stealth.** Anyone in the [[Characters/BatmanAndBatFamily Bat Family]] can pull this off, no matter how eye-catching their outfit might be. The master would have [[SuckSessor Jean-Paul Valley]], who somehow managed to be stealthy in both his [[ScaryImpracticalArmor [=AzBats=] armor]] and in his ComicBook/{{Azrael}} costume, which included ''flaming swords''.* David Mack's ''ComicBook/{{Kabuki}}'' has a brief appearance of the preppy ninjas. Ninjas who wear golfing duds on their missions. Doesn't make them any less deadly.* The Franchise/TeenageMutantNinjaTurtles are, out of necessity, stealthier than your average {{Ninja}}. They are anthropomorphic turtles in a world not widely populated by anthropomorphic animals. [[AC:Film]]* The various "[[GodfreyHoNinjaMovies ninjasploitation]]" movies by Chinese director Godfrey Ho featured a myriad of multi-colored ninjas, often wearing headbands with the word "Ninja" on them. Probably the most memorable example is Pierre Kirby's character in ''Full Metal Ninja'', who is dressed in ''[[RealMenWearPink bright pink]]''.[[AC:LiveActionTV]]* ''Franchise/SuperSentai''/''Franchise/PowerRangers'': [[Series/NinjaSentaiKakuranger The]] [[Series/MightyMorphinPowerRangers ninja-]][[Series/NinpuuSentaiHurricaneger based]] [[Series/PowerRangersNinjaStorm incarnations]] feature rangers in such non-stealthy colors as bright pink, yellow, red, and blue. The last two form an almost subversion, there was a pair of "crimson and navy" rangers whose suits were dark colored. Still too bright to be stealthy, but much better than their neon-red-and-sky-blue counterparts. Even better, Shurikenger from ''Hurricaneger''[[note]]changed to the Green Samurai Ranger in ''Ninja Storm''[[/note]] calls himself "ninja of ninja"...while wearing a bright green costume with lots of gold accents including an armored vest.** ''Series/ShurikenSentaiNinninger'' averts this on a technicality. The trope is about people who manage to be stealthy in spite of being eye-catching, but as stated by their catchphrase[[note]]"We are the shinobi that don't hide!"[[/note]] the Ninningers aren't even trying.[[AC:VideoGames]]* The ninja characters from the ''Franchise/MortalKombat'' series, though strictly speaking, the only ninja of the bunch is Scorpion - the others just happen to use similar uniforms (a practice largely eschewed by the time of ''Deadly Alliance''). The funny thing is that, in the ''MK'' universe, ninja are considered a Japanese offshoot of the Lin Kuei clan (to which Sub-Zero, mutually {{Palette Swap}}ped with Scorpion, belongs).* The "Stalker" Character Type in ''[[VideoGame/CityOfHeroes City of Villains]]'' has such high stealth that even ''allies'' aren't necessarily sure the character is there, regardless of what kind of ridiculous costume combo a player can come up with. There's at least one mission where they turn their heads in confusion and ask, "Is that you [Name of Character]?"** Similar in ''VideoGame/WorldOfWarcraft''. A Rogue's "Stealth" skill is so effective that the rogue can be wearing a bright green outfit with SpikesOfVillainy on ShouldersOfDoom and that constantly trails a sickly yellow-green smoke without ever being noticed by his enemies. Even his allies will find him hard to spot unless he's close enough.* Sam Fisher from ''VideoGame/SplinterCell'', at first glance. He's incredibly stealthy, he sticks to the shadows picking off his targets without anyone knowing about it, he has three bright green lights on his head and another on his back. WordOfGod states those lights are [[RuleOfPerception just for player benefit]]. The lights don't show up in the mirrors, nor do they show up in multiplayer from the mercenary perspective. [[http://www.penny-arcade.com/comic/2013/08/16 Parodied]] by ''Webcomic/PennyArcade''.* Espio the Chameleon, but only in ''VideoGame/ShadowTheHedgehog''. Usually when has to sneak as part of the plot, he has the ability to go invisible, which renders him an exception. However, the ability was absent in this game, thus he was simply running around Mad Matrix in his bright purple colours. Worse when you consider that Shadow was probably camouflaged better given his black fur and almost neon-esque stripes. Even worse when you consider that he can sometimes tell Shadow to stop attacking lest they get caught ''when he's homing a robot to pieces himself'', which arguably draws more attention to them than firing some quick and long-range bullets. And even worse than that when you consider that he can sometimes say that ''when in full view of Eggman and his Egg Breaker in the level's boss fight''. There might be a reason why his ninja status is surprisingly downplayed in the games...* Gale from ''VideoGame/VirtuaCop 3''. He mostly avoids being caught after being defeated in a boss fight since he has [[InvisibilityCloak stealth camouflage]].* The Dragonborn of ''VideoGame/TheElderScrollsVSkyrim'' can be this, as long as your stealth skill is high enough you can creep around in giant spiky armor ''that glows in the dark'' and still kill bandits ten feet away from their buddies without them noticing.* ''VideoGame/FalloutNewVegas'' and ''VideoGame/{{Fallout 3}}'' allow you to do this. While the clothing/armor that gives bonuses to your stealth skill is generally darker, ''none'' of the clothing gives penalties to stealth. This includes a set of Power Armor with running tesla coils all over it, Roman-esque metal armor with bright red and gold highlights, and a set of leopard print pajamas. Despite this, having your flashlight on ''will'' make you more noticeable.* The ''VideoGame/{{Strider}}'' series has Hiryu running around in a bright red scarf with a glowing plasma sword. While he's much closer to a PrivateMilitaryContractor than a ''ninja'', per se, he still makes a point of using the ninja aesthetic, and then not being spotted by all of the guards despite the aforementioned red scarf and glowing sword.[[AC:{{Webcomic}}]]* We can probably add Quill from ''Webcomic/DanAndMabsFurryAdventures'' to the folder. [[http://missmab.com/Comics/Vol_1258.php She's the 8-foot tall giraffe towering over the cast]], and a combat teacher at SAIA (that one is her first appearance, though she was already mentioned in supplementary files). [[http://missmab.com/Comics/Vol_1259.php This is her second]]* The ''Webcomic/BobAndGeorge'' ninjas wear bright yellows, reds, greens and blues.[[AC:WebOriginal]]* Creator/DarkMazeStudios' ''WebVideo/NinjaTheMissionForce'' is an AffectionateParody of the GodfreyHoNinjaMovies. When a ninja in military camouflage is one of the least noticeable ninjas out there, you know what time it is. * Brilliantly parodied [[http://themasterplan09.deviantart.com/art/The-Ultimate-Ninja-Showdown-43071783 here.]][[AC:WesternAnimation]]* ''WesternAnimation/TheBotsMaster'' had Ninjzz, a [[NinjaPirateZombieRobot three-armed robot ninja on rollerblades,]] who was ''still'' so stealthy nobody noticed him unless he wanted it so. * WesternAnimation/KimPossible has ''bright red hair'' ''and'' a bumbling SideKick. Nonetheless, she has been known to successfully sneak unnoticed while in her purple and orange ''cheerleader uniform.'' Shego can also be pretty sneaky, even though half her outfit is bright green.* Pretty much every "ninja" in ''Franchise/GIJoe'' other than Snake Eyes, Storm Shadow, and Firefly. Of course, even they got some odd repaints. And Snake Eyes was actually purple in the cartoon. However the winners are the Cobra ninjas -- the Night Creepers (after the new toys changed their appearance.) Before they were dressed in dull maroon and purple with ninja masks and visors, relatively loud for their job. But after the movie, when the series relaunched in 1993, they came back sporting bright purple armor, with neon blue helmets and gloves. And while they were mooks (even Night Creeper Leader couldn't square off very well against any other named character) they were known for being able to sneak into highly secured areas.* All over the place in ''Franchise/{{Ninjago}}''. Four of the main ninjas wear bright red,green,blue and white costumes. Cole has a black ninja suit, but it's accented with flashy sliver shoulder pads. Yet they can all be pretty stealthy when the need arises. ZigZaggingTrope in one episode when Zane's white outfit is accidentally dyed pink. He complains about is being ridiculous, but he's still very stealthy wearing it and it actually helps him camouflage against a pink poster in the climax of the episode* ''WesternAnimation/YoungJustice'' has Robin (Dick Grayson) again, able to StealthHiBye in the middle of the desert while wearing red and yellow. Noticeably the ''rest'' of the team gets stealth-suits that can change color to a dark grey/black, while he uses his normal outfit. It should be noted however, that his outfit is far darker than that of his comics' counterpart. The third Robin, Tim Drake, is also shown to be exceptionally good at stealth, yet despite having an even darker costume than Dick's, he apparently has a stealth-suit function built into his costume.* Odd as it may sound, this trope applies to Pinkie Pie from ''WesternAnimation/MyLittlePonyFriendshipIsMagic''. Normally she's pretty overt, but has been known to be incredibly stealthy when the mood takes her. Also, she can apparently move through mirrors.----


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Recent Grayling Reviews
Nice Cabin & Great Location!
We were looking for a cabin close to snowmobile trails, food, and gas. This cabin meet our needs perfectly. Trails right out the front door, gas and 2-3 food options within a mile. Cabin was clean and the Owners were great with communication and accommodations! Planning to return next winter!
Home away from Home
We had a very nice relaxing weekend in this "Home away from Home". VERY clean home with all the little touches to make a person feel warm and welcome. Thanks April and Charlie for sharing your home with us!
This quaint little cottage is exactly what my husband and I neesed! It was so cozy and welcoming, with everything we needed. The river is right up the street literally. It was so beautiful. While flyfishing one evening we heard a huge splash, when we looked over it was a doe with two fawn in the river as the sun was setting. Absolutely beautiful!! A great way to enjoy the peace and quiet along with the splendors of nature. We are bringing the kids and the dog next time and making the Black Bear Cabin an annual thing!