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PEF home page and weblog
This guest blog post has been written by Louis-Philippe Rochon. You can follow him on Twitter @Lprochon – Harper's recent incarnation as an anti-terrorist crusader has caught many Canadians by surprise. Harper is spending considerable political energy beating the drums of war against terrorists, and introducing a far-reaching, and much condemned, bill aimed at restricting […]
Posted by Nick Falvo under Bank of Canada, banks, China, Conservative government, economic crisis, economic growth, employment, exchange rates, financial markets, GDP, global crisis, interest rates, international trade, labour market, macroeconomics, manufacturing, monetary policy, recession, Role of government, unemployment, US.
February 6th, 2015
Comments: 2
In a recent CBC blog post, Louis-Philippe Rochon assesses the current state of the Canadian economy. The link to the blog post is here. Follow him on Twitter @Lprochon.
Posted by Nick Falvo under Bank of Canada, budgets, China, Conservative government, deficits, economic crisis, economic growth, employment, exchange rates, federal budget, fiscal policy, global crisis, household debt, IMF, interest rates, labour market, macroeconomics, manufacturing, monetary policy, recession, stimulus, unemployment.
February 5th, 2015
Comments: none
The Bank of Canada surprised most analysts this week when it decided to cut rates by 25 basis points. The move comes after the price of oil has tumbled below $50 / barrel, oil producers announced huge cuts to business investment for 2015, Target announced a mass layoff of 17,600 workers in Canada, and the […]
Posted by Angella MacEwen under Bank of Canada, budgets, Conservative government, Dutch disease, employment, interest rates, labour market, macroeconomics, manufacturing, monetary policy.
January 22nd, 2015
Comments: 2
Another year, another dead Canadian tech giant. Blackberry was sold yesterday for scrap to the Toronto private equity firm Fairfax. The purchase price of $4.7 billion is essentially valued at its cash of $2.6 billion and the value of its patents. Blackberry's active businesses are being valued at essentially nothing. If Fairfax can stop the […]
Posted by David Macdonald under big business, capitalism, China, competition, development, economic growth, manufacturing.
September 24th, 2013
Comments: 1
The Institute for Research on Public Policy has published a very interesting overview study on the resuscitation of "industrial policy" in economic policy circles. It points out that industrial policy levers are used widely by countries around the world–despite hypothetical efforts (through trade deals and other institutions) to limit their application.
Posted by Jim Stanford under exchange rates, industrial policy, manufacturing.
June 21st, 2013
Comments: 4
Statistics Canada reported today, "Manufacturing sales fell 2.4% in April to $48.2 billion — the fourth decline in five months and the largest monthly percentage drop since August 2009." That gets the second quarter off to a bad start. Strong economic growth in the first quarter of this year (January, February, March) was underpinned by […]
Posted by Erin Weir under manufacturing, media, StatCan.
June 14th, 2013
Comments: 1
In the hyper-polarized context of Canadian energy policy debates, even suggesting that there might be a downside to the untrammeled energy boom centred in northern Alberta is enough to get you labelled a traitor or an economic illiterate — or both. Conservative political leaders in both Ottawa and Edmonton, backed by energy-friendly think-tanks and the […]
Posted by Jim Stanford under Dutch disease, energy, exchange rates, manufacturing.
March 4th, 2013
Comments: 5
A background study for the latest IMF report on Canada (see pages 42 to 51) adds further weight to the argument that the rise in the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar, driven in large part by high commodity prices, has underpinned a sharp decline in the US market share of Canadian manufacturers since 2000 […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under Dutch disease, exchange rates, manufacturing.
February 15th, 2013
Comments: 2
Here is my Economy Lab piece on the study by Philip Cross released yesterday. On close examination, his "expanding sectors" turn out to be low value-added resource processing and his argument that Canadian manufacturing is not in decline does not hold water. The decline in output has been far greater than in the US and […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under Macdonald-Laurier Institute, manufacturing.
January 17th, 2013
Comments: 3
Bill Curry reports in today's Globe that, at last year's economic policy retreat, business leaders urged Finance Minister Flaherty to reduce the pay of "overpriced" Canadian workers, including through anti union right to work legislation. Coincidentally, or not, the subsequent 2012 federal Budget introduced new rules which will require most EI claimants to accept jobs […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under China, competition, Conservative government, corporate profits, labour market, manufacturing, Uncategorized, unions, wages.
August 16th, 2012
Comments: 2
Saskatchewan newspapers report: "Certainly in professional, scientific and technical areas and in the mining and the manufacturing sector (the job numbers) are very strong," Don Morgan, minister of advanced education and labour relations, told reporters at news conference Friday. On Friday, Statistics Canada reported that Saskatchewan manufacturing employment dropped by 900 last month and declined […]
Posted by Erin Weir under manufacturing, media, Saskatchewan, StatCan.
August 11th, 2012
Comments: 2
Ontario Conservative Leader Tim Hudak claims that union busting right to work laws would create jobs in hard hit industrial Ontario. I have already noted that there is no evidence that Right to Work states in the US do better than other US states in terms of attracting and retaining manufacturing jobs. A glance closer […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under manufacturing, unions.
August 9th, 2012
Comments: 2
Ontario Conservative leader Tim Hudak claims that passage of an anti union "right to work" (RTW) law (making mandatory union dues illegal) would create jobs, especially in hard-hit manufacturing. With companies like Caterpillar moving to get ever cheaper labour, it seems semi plausible that anti union laws might attract footloose new investment , albeit at […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under investment, manufacturing, unions.
August 7th, 2012
Comments: 1
Last week, Conservative MP Randy Hoback had another letter in The Prince Albert Daily Herald blaming the NDP for the pulp-mill closure in 2006. He still has not addressed my main point about resource royalties. I have the following response on page 4 of today's Herald: Pulp mill saga proves Mulcair's point Notwithstanding MP Randy […]
Posted by Erin Weir under Conservative government, exchange rates, manufacturing, media, NDP, OECD, Saskatchewan.
July 7th, 2012
Comments: 4
The main story in today's GDP numbers is that the oil, gas and mining industries rebounded sharply in April after being hobbled by temporary maintenance and production difficulties in February and March. While the upswing in fossil-fuel and mineral extraction was large enough to boost the overall economy, other key sectors showed signs of weakness. […]
Posted by Erin Weir under fiscal policy, GDP, manufacturing, media, resources, StatCan.
June 29th, 2012
Comments: none
Further to my earlier post on the OECD and "Dutch Disease", I have received a heavily redacted response to an access to information request (A-2012-00073/CN.) submitted to the Department of Finance, seeking any comments on the draft assessment and recommendations of the OECD delegation to Canada in 2012. This arrives just as Conservative ads attack […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under exchange rates, manufacturing, OECD.
June 27th, 2012
Comments: 3
I have the following letter in today's Prince Albert Daily Herald (page 4): Reinvest Resource Wealth in Saskatchewan To the editor: I strongly agree with the title of MP Randy Hoback's letter: "Siphoning money out of the west is wrong" (June 9). My proposal is to keep more money in Saskatchewan by collecting more provincial […]
Posted by Erin Weir under corporate income tax, exchange rates, manufacturing, media, NDP, oil and gas, potash, Saskatchewan, StatCan.
June 21st, 2012
Comments: 2
OECD economist Peter Jarrett – lead on the just released Economic Survey of Canada – agrees with the Mulcair diagnosis.
Posted by Andrew Jackson under economic growth, manufacturing, OECD, resources.
June 15th, 2012
Comments: 3
The following is another guest post by Robyn Allan: A report recently released by the Macdonald-Laurier Institute claims Canada does not suffer from the Dutch disease. Unfortunately, the studies the authors draw on for this conclusion are riddled by it. The Dutch disease is a situation where rapid export of a nation's raw resources along […]
Posted by Erin Weir under economic models, exchange rates, Macdonald-Laurier Institute, manufacturing, oil and gas.
June 13th, 2012
Comments: 1
Prince Albert MP Randy Hoback began last week's inquisition by objecting to my recent op-ed in The Saskatoon StarPheonix on the "Dutch disease" debate between Saskatchewan Premier Brad Wall and federal NDP leader Tom Mulcair. He then interrupted to question my NDP affiliation. As indicated in today's Prince Albert Daily Herald (page A4), I would […]
Posted by Erin Weir under exchange rates, manufacturing, media, NDP, resources, Saskatchewan.
June 8th, 2012
Comments: 8
Canadian Press writes, "Mr. Mulcair's analysis of what ails Canada's economy is contradicted by a new independent study produced by the Institute for Research on Public Policy." Really? What does the study conclude? As quoted by Canadian Press, "On balance, the evidence indicates that Canada suffers from a mild case of the Dutch disease, which […]
Posted by Erin Weir under manufacturing, media, NDP, oil and gas, public infrastructure.
May 16th, 2012
Comments: 8
Premier Brad Wall was Tweeting about today's Statistics Canada report of an uptick in national manufacturing sales in March. It is an odd report for him to trumpet, given that it found a decline in Saskatchewan's manufacturing sales that month. Another recent Statistics Canada report, Friday's Labour Force Survey, indicates that Saskatchewan lost 400 manufacturing […]
Posted by Erin Weir under labour market, manufacturing, Saskatchewan, StatCan.
May 16th, 2012
Comments: none
Postmedia has posted Michael Den Tandt's latest column, which will presumably appear in print tomorrow. He presents recent comments about Dutch disease as a departure from Tom Mulcair's previous position: . . . when Tom Mulcair was driving hard to become leader of the New Democrats, he took polite but pointed issue with his party's […]
Posted by Erin Weir under manufacturing, media, NDP, resources.
May 13th, 2012
Comments: 3
I have the following op-ed in today's Saskatoon StarPhoenix: Royalty hike cure for Dutch disease Premier Brad Wall calls federal NDP Leader Tom Mulcair "very, very divisive" for expressing concern that Canada's overvalued petro-dollar is eliminating manufacturing jobs. In reality, Wall is being divisive by exploiting this legitimate concern to fan the flames of western […]
Posted by Erin Weir under exchange rates, manufacturing, media, NDP, oil and gas, Saskatchewan.
May 11th, 2012
Comments: 11
Statistics Canada reported today that the economy shrank in February, driven by declines in resource extraction and manufacturing. Oil and gas extraction as well as hard-rock mining decreased due to temporary shutdowns. However, the most dramatic decline was in potash production, down 19% due to mine closures in Saskatchewan. The provincial government, which is budgeting […]
Posted by Erin Weir under GDP, manufacturing, oil and gas, potash, StatCan.
April 30th, 2012
Comments: 1
I thought I had been reading Jim's posts carefully enough, but I was still kind of stunned when I did a quick stat check to respond to a comment on my earlier post on globalization and unions. In 2000, manufacturing output (in constant 2002 dollar terms) amounted to $188.9 Billion. In 2010, manufacturing output amounted […]
Posted by Andrew Jackson under manufacturing.
March 15th, 2012
Comments: 9
The following note also appears on Business Insider. I owe Paul Tulloch a hat tip for reminding me of these issues in a good comment on my last post. When Ontario's Premier recently complained that Canada's petro-dollar undermines manufacturing exports, many economists tripped over each other to counter that a strong loonie benefits all Canadians […]
Posted by Erin Weir under Blogroll, consumers, exchange rates, manufacturing, OECD.
March 7th, 2012
Comments: 6
The Month: Christmas Gift Canada's economy was buoyed by Christmas cheer as a December bounce more than offset slight declines in October and November to turn the fourth quarter positive. Unfortunately, one month does not make a trend. The key question is whether December's strength continued into the New Year or whether economic activity reverted […]
Posted by Erin Weir under big business, GDP, manufacturing, StatCan.
March 2nd, 2012
Comments: 2
An interesting nugget in last week's Drummond report is Table 11.1, an updated version of Table 2 from "Ontario's Tax Plan for Jobs and Growth" (2009). It provides a sectoral breakdown of the McGuinty government's recent business tax breaks: HST input tax credits, cutting the corporate income tax, and eliminating the corporate capital tax. The […]
Posted by Erin Weir under banks, corporate income tax, Don Drummond, HST, manufacturing, Ontario, Saskatchewan.
February 19th, 2012
Comments: 1
Last week (Feb. 2nd) I drove up to London, Ontario, to shoot some film footage of the locked-out workers picketing outside the Electro-Motive Diesel plant for a documentary I am working on. The company, the only one to make locomotives in Canada, is owned by Caterpillar Inc., the world's largest equipment manufacturer. They'd locked out […]
Posted by Bruce Livesey under free trade, labour market, manufacturing, unions.
February 6th, 2012
Comments: 12


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By Marketwired . | Article Rating: |
February 8, 2013 11:00 PM EST | Reads: |
528 |
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA -- (Marketwire) -- 02/09/13 -- RepliCel Life Sciences Inc. (the "Company" or "RepliCel") (OTCBB:REPCF)(CNSX:RP) announces that it has received Exchange approval to amend the exercise price of the non-transferable common share purchase warrants ("Warrants") expiring February 29, 2014, March 29, 2014, April 18, 2014 and April 20, 2014 from US$2.50 to US$0.50 per share. The Warrants entitle holders to purchase an aggregate of 1,875,046 common shares. The Company has filed a Notice of Amendment to Warrant Terms with the CNSX.
About RepliCel Life Sciences
The Company has developed RepliCel(TM), a natural hair cell replication technology that has the potential to become the world's first, minimally invasive solution for androgenetic alopecia (pattern baldness) and general hair loss in men and women. RepliCel(TM) is based on autologous cell implantation technology that replicates a patient's hair cells from their own healthy hair follicles and, when reintroduced into areas of hair loss, the Company hopes to initiate natural hair regeneration. Patents for the technology have been issued by the European Union and Australia and are pending in other major international jurisdictions. The RepliCel(TM) procedure has been developed over the past nine years by the Company's recognized research scientists and medical experts - specialists in the fields of hair growth, hair biology and dermatology. Additional information on RepliCel is available at www.replicel.com.
On Behalf of the Board
Gemma Fetterley, VP Finance & Corporate Secretary
RepliCel Life Sciences Inc.
Gemma Fetterley
VP Finance & Corporate Secretary
Published February 8, 2013 Reads 528
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subset: commoncrawl


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Registered holders of our securities may choose to have their dividend payments deposited directly to their bank accounts. If you wish to use this service, please contact our Transfer Agent, CST Trust Company, to request a "Direct Deposit of Dividends" form.
Brookfield Asset Management Inc.: For all investor inquiries: Shareholder Inquiries Line: 1-866-989-0311 (North America) 1-416-363-9491 (International) email@example.com.
Brookfield Property Partners LP: For all investor inquiries: Matthew Cherry: 212-417-7488 email@example.com.
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners LP: For all investor inquiries: Tracey Wise: 1-416-956-5154 email@example.com.
Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners LP: For all investor inquiries: Zev Korman: 1-416-359-1955 firstname.lastname@example.com.
CST Trust Company P.O. Box 700, Station B Montreal, QC H3B 3K3 Tel: 416-682-3860 Toll-Free: 1-800-387-0825 Fax: 1-888-249-6189 Email: email@example.com Website: www.canstockta.com


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(5785 Views – 11/01/12) – Location: Taylor, Texas
RedBubble Feature – Found by RB Homepage x2
RedBubble Feature – Explore Page
RedBubble Feature – Love of Eerie and Enchanting Artwork
taylor texas, abandoned, alone, atmospheric, dark, secluded, solitary, gloomy, nobody, dangerous, town, city, urban, architecture, building, structure, windows, doors, liquor store, store, exterior view, broken, damaged, smashed, gritty, lonely, old, dirty, dramatic, danger, loneliness, mystery, cool, decayed, neglected, ruined, dreary, ugly, horizontal, cityscape, cloudy, overcast, sky, clouds, business, glass, sign, blue, ground, afraid
I am a published fine art photographer. I experiment with a variety of subjects such as still life, nature, animals and documentary. My work offers a unique perspective that is simple, yet bold, rich with contrast and color, and lends itself to storytelling that leaves the viewer deciding the plot.
View Full ProfileI like the cinematic quality Trish…….
Thanks. That's exactly what I was aiming for…cinematic!
– Trish Mistric
Wow, great photo!!! I love the color, and i would have to agree with Julian, love the cinematic taste.
<3 Emma
Thanks Emma!
– Trish Mistric
TRISH!!!!! Congratulations on this well deserved HOME PAGE FEATURE!!!!!!!
Thanks Carol!
– Trish Mistric
Hello Trish, CONGRATULATIONS on the home pafe feature! Gorgeous work and fabulous title, too :-)))
Thank you very much Marie!
– Trish Mistric
Nice mood!
– Trish Mistric
Thank you for adding your work to The Best of RedBubble!
Thanks again!
– Trish Mistric
Thank you :)
– Trish Mistric
Wow……looks like a poster for abolition. Marvelous title. Love it all.
Thanks so much Lucin!
– Trish Mistric
Beautifully dark!
– Trish Mistric
Oh wow ! Really gorgeous work !
Thanks withsun!
– Trish Mistric


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I meant, Samsung Galaxy Camera is a neat and bold idead. A new pasture for gadget makers to try. And with its ample screen size, it may be able to act as its own photo frame. But to be able to act as its own photoframe, it needs to be able to be charged while its battery battery is in it. Otherwise it would rather be useless as such. I wonder if it can be charged as such. Anyone knows?
You would think that, but the similar Nikon Coolpix S800c android phone will not operate when charging. I think the main reason is so they can sell the funky A/C adapters that have a battery shaped object on the end of a cord (but at least you can get such an adapter .
Well, I got one, and it does indeed work just like all other android devices I've ever seen (except the annoying Nikon S800c). It has a micro USB plug, and it is perfectly willing to operate while it is plugged in and charging. The only annoying bit about trying to do this is that the USB port is smack in the middle of the hand grip.
Does anyone know if a spare battery/charging dock is available for it? I've been intrigued by this camera since it was announced a few months back.
The battery is a 1650 mAh Li-ion model number EB524759VA, you could search for that and see if a charger is available - I'm pretty sure spare batteries are not hard to obtain.
Thank you. Didn't find a charger. All sites I looked at said it's also compatible with the Samsung Focus S, Samsung Galaxy Attain 4G R920 and Samsung Rugby Smart.


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See definition in
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
Saltos de línea:
oil paint|ingDefinición de oil painting en inglés:
1The art of painting in oils: the basic methods and techniques of oil painting
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- With the encouragement of her son, also an artist, she experimented with various techniques: oil painting, coloured Indian inks, engraving, sculpture.
- She specializes in various techniques, including oil painting and mixed media.
- Many Indonesians practice Western arts, from oil painting to metal sculpture, the subjects of which are often inspired by Indonesian life and traditions.
1.1 [ count noun] A picture painted in oils: an original oil painting by a local artist
Más ejemplos en oraciones
- He made oil paintings and watercolors and attracted some attention with local art exhibitions.
- Family Copies recreates oil paintings or watercolors by using an image from a digital or photographic source.
- To her it doesn't matter if an image is a fine oil painting on canvas or a digital reproduction on a screen.
- 1
be no oil painting
- British informal (Of a person) be unattractive: he was no oil painting, but she had long passed the age of needing good looks about herMás ejemplos en oraciones
- The actor is no oil painting and has acquired unattractive bulk for his part as Aubrey.
- I admit I am no oil painting, but my character makes up for it.
- However, I think I am hardly courting controversy if I say he is no oil painting.
Definición de oil painting en:
- Diccionario Inglés de EE.UU.
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= de moda


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US 4713841 A Abstract An optical fiber communications link which by means of pulse-width-modulation (PWM) encoding supports either synchronous or asynchronous data transmission and operation over a wide range of data rates. The link utilizes a PWM encoder which accepts either synchronous (clock plus data) or asynchronous (data only) binary inputs and generates a PWM encoded waveform. This waveform is transmitted via an optical transmitter, optical channel (e.g., fiber optics) and optical receiver to the PWM decoder which reconstructs the binary inputs. The optical receiver contains a receiver circuit for assuring automatic gain control regardless of the duty cycle. In the synchronous mode of operation the unsymmetrical clock output is restored to symmetry by using a clock symmetry restoration technique.
Claims(9) 1. A circuit for receiving pulse width modulated data signals in an optical fiber communications system comprising:
means for amplifying a pulse width modulated signal; means for comparing the amplified pulse width modulated signal with a reference quantity and means connected to said pulse amplifying means for limiting the peak value of the amplified pulse width modulated signal, said limiting means including means connected to an output of said comparing means for adjusting the duty cycle of the amplified pulse width modulated signal. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein said means for adjusting the duty cycle comprise a one shot module and said means for limiting further comprises;
a charge pump amplifier having an input connected to an output of said means for comparing; and a limiting automatic gain control integrator having an input connected to said means for comparing and an output connected to said means for amplifying. 3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein said means for limiting further comprises:
a peak buffer amplifier having an input connected to an output of said charge pump amplifier, an output connected to an input of said limiting automatic gain control integrator, and an output connected to an input of said means for comapring. 4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein said means for amplifying comprise:
a transimpedance amplifier which converts a single pulse width modulated signal to a dual output signal in which the dual outputs are essentially equal in amplitude, but 180 degrees out of phase; a plurality of amplifiers connected in series with each other and with the dual outputs of said transimpedance amplifier; and an interstage low pass filter connected in series with said plurality of amplifiers. 5. The circuit of claim 3, wherein said means for limiting further comprise a leakage isolation diode whose cathode is connected to an output of said charge pump amplifier and whose anode is connected to an input of said peak buffer amplifier, and a peak signal holding capacitor connected to the anode of said leakage isolation diode.
6. The circuit of claim 4, wherein said means for limiting further comprise a leakage isolation diode whose cathode is connected to an output of said charge pump amplifier and whose anode is connected to an input of said peak buffer amplifier, and a peak signal holding capacitor connected to the anode of said leakage isolation diode.
7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein said means for amplifying comprises:
a transimpedance amplifier which converts a single pulse width modulated signal to a dual output signal in which the dual outputs are essentially equal in amplitude, but 180 degrees out of phase; a plurality of amplifiers connected in series with each other and with the dual outputs of said transimpedance amplifier; and an interstage low pass filter connected in series with said plurality of amplifiers. 8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said means for limiting further comprise automatic gain control means including means for adjusting the gain of the automatic gain control means to restrict the peak voltage to be substantially equal to a reference voltage.
9. The circuit of claim 1 wherein said means for adjusting the duty cycle include means for adjusting the duty cycle of a received pulse in accordance with the time elapsed since a previous received pulse.
Description This application is copending with U.S. applications Ser. No. 740,149 and 740,150, both filed June 3, 1985. U.S. application Ser. No. 740,149 claims the clock symmetry restoration circuit described in this application and U.S. application Ser. No. 740,150 claims the optical fiber communications system described in this application. Many fiber optic links have been designed for transmission of synchronous or asynchronous data. However, very few designs have been developed which are efficient at operating in either mode and also operate over a wide range of data rates. Asynchronous links do not have the requirement for transmitting clock along with the data. The data may be of a type which does not require clock or the clock is embedded into the data by the host equipment and is inconsequential to the transmission equipment. Asynchronous links are typically simple in design and do not provide a capability for accepting and transmitting a clock containing relative timing information along with the data. The military designated AN/FAC-2B is a good example of an asynchronous fiber optic link. This link accepts a binary asynchronous input signal and produces the same signal at the output; of course, some distortion will occur due to noise and other factors. Synchronous links have the requirement for accepting both data and clock input signals and generating both of these signals at the output. The positive and negative transitions of the clock signal indicate the beginning/ending and center of the data bit period. Thus, the clock signal may be used to sample the binary state of the data signal at the optimum time; i.e., center of the eye pattern. A common practice in the design of synchronous links is to embed clock into the transmitted bit stream by encoding the data. Commonly used codes are Manchester, Miller, and block codes. Link designs which use these codes are very effective, but generally require that the data rate for a specific link be constant. If the data rate is constant, the link design is greatly simplified. For example, clock is easily recovered using a phase-lock-loop circuit whose natural center frequency is selected to be twice the data rate. An obvious disadvantage of the phase-lock-loop circuit is the necessity for hardware changes to change data rate. Some applications require that synchronous data links have data rate transparency; i.e., they must operate over a range of data rates without hardware changes. "Bit synchronizers" which possess sufficient intelligence to adapt to the received data rate are one solution; however, clock acquisition time may be long, the equipment is expensive and historically has resulted in reduced reliability. An alternative solution is to transmit data and clock separately via two optical wavelength channels over a single fiber. The military designated AN/FAC 3 uses this approach. Problems with the wavelength division multiplex approach are component availability, loss associated with the multiplex and demultiplex couplers, and the high cost of the couplers and dual transmitters and receivers. With regard to the receiver of the present invention, its design must take into consideration the characteristics of the optical system of the invention. Ideally, the carrier in such systems could be simply modulated in amplitude in response to the data. Unfortunately, there are serious trade-offs involved in the design of such systems. The most fundamental of these trade-offs is between system simplicity and performance. If a sufficient amount of signal is available at the receiver of a link, a simple receiver may suffice. It is however, usually desirable that the system have as long a possible range between the transmitter and receiver as practical. Since the availability of optical emitters (LEDs and laser diodes) sets relatively well defined limits on the level of optical power that can be launched into the fiber, it is desirable to make the receiver as sensitive as possible. Furthermore, since the total amount of data that can be transferred over the link in any given amount of time is proportional to the data rate capacity of the system, it is also desirable that the receiver have a high bandwidth. One way of rating an optical link is thus a "performance factor" which is the product of the data rate and the maximum distance between the transmitter and receiver of the link. The responsivity of PIN diode optical detectors is usually between 0.5 and 0.8 Amperes per watt of incident radiation. In order to achieve the highest possible data rate for the system, it is desirable to minimize the geometry of the detector (thus reducing capacitance), and the fiber (thus reducing dispersion). Unfortunately, reducing the diameter of the fiber limits the amount of light that can be launched into it. Furthermore, the geometry of the detector must be sufficient to capture all of the light available from the fiber. The end result of such conflicting requirements is that the electronics of the receiver must work with extremely small, high frequency, optical signals if the system is to have the best possible data through-put. This fact in turn means that the electronic amplifiers of the receiver must be wide bandwidth, must exhibit very low levels of internally generated noise (especially in the first stages), and must be capable of working with extremely low input currents. Unfortunately, the bias currents in such wideband amplifiers are subject to long term drift due to thermal and aging effects. Since this drift is often many times larger than the desired detection level of the receiver, it is not practical to build an optical receiver that has a true DC (0 Hz) low end bandpass, and that at the same time exhibits a high performance factor. In order to have a receiver exhibit an apparent DC (or very low frequency) low end bandpass frequency, many techniques have been used in the prior art. All such techniques change the format of the data in some way in order to accomplish this. Most of these schemes are based on two basic approaches: state encoding, and transition encoding. In a state encoding system, the logical state of the data at the input of the transmitter is encoded and transmitted to the receiver. The receiver acts on such data by setting its data output to the decoded level (a logical 1 or 0). State encoding has the advantage that the link is kept busy with data, even when the input to the transmitter is in a constant state. This continuous activity makes timing synchronization (clock recovery) and automatic gain control (AGC) at the receiver relatively simple to accomplish. The disadvantage of state encoding systems is that such systems are not totally data rate transparent. If the system clock is available to the encoder of the transmitter, and if it is in the frequency lock range of the receiver, these systems can transfer data with almost perfectly reproduced timing. For systems that do not have such clock information available, the transmitter must "over sample" the input data stream. Thus a jitter is introduced onto the data edges that is proportional in peak value to the sampling interval. The higher the ratio of optical transmission rate to data rate, the less the induced relative jitter, but the greater the wasted transmission bandwidth. Because of these problems with state encoding, transition encoding has a great deal of appeal. In such a system, optical transmissions need only be made when a "transition event" occurs. Since transmissions are synchronized to these events, timing jitter is not induced into the data. As an additional advantage, the optical emitter is not made to dissipate as much power at low data rates. Thus power is conserved and the emitter reliability is increased. The problem that has kept transition encoding from being used more widely is directly associated with the wide range of optical pulse densities. When the input to such a system is not changing rapidly, very little information is available to the receiver. This means that the receiver must be able to control its gain (AGC) in a smooth and predictable manner, with only sparse and irregular pulses of light to measure. Furthermore, the receiver must be able to track the extremes of such optical pulses in order to set a detection threshold at half way between the minimum and maximum amplitudes. These thresholds must thus be detected in extremely short intervals, but maintained for long periods. Additionally, it is necessary for these thresholds to track swiftly when more transition data is present. If these capabilities cannot be accomplished adequately, the receiver will exhibit cross coupling between data rate and sensitivity, or may be completely unstable under certain signal conditions. In the prior art, AGC detection and clamping have usually been done with simple detection diodes that charge capacitors. In such circuits, a high impedance amplifier is then used to sense the voltage across the capacitor. The voltage stored in a capacitor is proportional to the charging current and the charge time (more properly it is proportional to the integral of the current over time.) Therefore, to maximize the hold time to charge time ratio, it has been necessary to minimize the charging impedance, and to maximize the discharging impedance in the circuit, thereby increasing the charging current and minimizing the discharging current. The use of very low forward resistance diodes (or active detectors) in the charge circuit, and very high impedance sense amplifiers in the discharge circuit can optimize such a circuit, but only within limits imposed by device characteristics.In the present invention time amplification or the stretching of pulses is used to solve this problem. This is possible because the charge in the capacitor is proportional to both current and time. With regard to the clock symmetry restoration circuit of the present invention, prior art circuits for recovery of clock and data use either a ringing tank or a phase-locked loop. The ringing tank approach uses a tuned circuit (tank) which is tuned to a frequency equal to (or an integral multiple of) the data rate. The tank is excited by the transitions of the incoming data, which are differentiated and applied as short pulses to the tank. The output of the tank is a sinusoidal waveform which decays slowly between data transitions. The sinusoidal waveform is converted to a square wave digital clock signal by a comparator (and frequency divider, if the tank is tuned to a multiple of the data rate). The clock signal is used to sample the incoming data in a D-type flip-flop. The phase-locked loop (PLL) approach uses a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), phase detector, and loop filter to produce a clock signal locked to the data rate (or an integral multiple thereof). The phase detector samples the phase of the output signal from the VCO (or from a frequency divider circuit, if an integral multiple is used) at the times of the transitions of the incoming data. The phase information is filtered by the loop filter and fed to the VCO to control its frequency in a manner such that the phase of the output signal stays locked to the data transitions. The output clock signal from the VCO (or frequency divider) is used to sample the incoming data in a D-type flip-flop. The aforementioned ringing tank and PLL approaches suffer from a limitation on the range of data rates they will tolerate for proper circuit operation. The ringing tank must be rather precisely tuned to the data rate, or else phase error in the recovered clock will be excessive. The ringing tank is normally used only for fixed data rate transmission. If the ringing tank is to be applied to a range of data rates, some means for tuning and/or bandswitching must be provided. This requires either a manual adjustment which must be changed each time the data rate is changed, or a complex automatically adaptive tuning and bandswitching arrangement. The PLL is automatically adaptive to data rate over a limited range, but has difficulty spanning many octaves without some additional means of tuning and/or bandswitching. If the range of data rate spans more than one octave, the possibility exists of improperly locking to undesired harmonics of the data rate. Additional circuitry is required to detect and correct for this condition. In addition, if many octaves are to be spanned, it is very difficult to build a VCO with the necessary combination of tuning range and frequency stability. The closed-loop response must also be a compromise design, less than optimum at most frequencies, because of the large variation in loop gain between the ends of the frequency range. Bandswitching approaches are also not attractive because they don't allow the clock recovery circuit to continuously track a signal which is smoothly changing in frequency from one band to another. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber optic communications system capable of both synchronous and asynchronous operation over a wide range of data rates. It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a system which does not require hardware changes for operation at different data rates, does not require optical couplers, and utilizes a single optical wavelength. The above objects are achieved by providing a fiber optic communication system which utilizes a pulse width modulation encoder which accepts either synchronous or asynchronous binary inputs and generates a PWM encoded waveform. Data with or without clock is transmitted through the PWM encoder to an optical transmitter comprising a light emitting diode which transmits a light signal through an optical fiber to an optical receiver which comprises a PIN photodetector diode. Data with or without asymmetrical clock is recovered after the signal passes through a pulse width modulation decoder. Symmetrical clock is recovered through a clock symmetry restoration circuit connected to the output of the PWM decoder. An important functional aspect of the design is that a single switch selects the mode of operation at each end of the link. It is another object of the present invention to provide a receiver in the system capable of assuring automatic gain control regardless of the duty cycle. The above object is attained by providing a receiver circuit having a PIN-FET transimpedance front end, and a balanced amplifier chain. The circuit is constructed so as to exhibit stable automatic gain control characteristics on signals with extremely small duty factors (1:25,000). This is accomplished by the use of an adaptive one-shot combined with a charge pump and a peak follower. The receiver has both an analog output and an ECL digital data output. In addition, the receiver has a built-in test equipment (BITE) output that provides a digital signal when the received data is too weak for reliable operation. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a circuit for converting an unsymmetrical receiver clock output to a symmetrical clock output. The above object is attained by providing a clock symmetry restoration circuit connected to the asymmetrical clock output of the system's optical receiver wherein a voltage controlled monostable multivibrator stretches the assymmetrical clock pulses into a 50% duty cycle clock waveform as follows. In this invention, the positive-going data transitions produce narrow pulses which trigger the voltage-controlled monostable multi-vibrator (one-shot). The one-shot is capable of operation over a very wide range of pulse widths, as determined by the value of the control voltage. The output of the one-shot stretches the input pulses into a 50% duty-cycle clock waveform. The 50% duty cycle is forced by additional circuitry as follows. The one-shot output drives buffers which produce inverted and non-inverted (complementary) replicas of the waveform. These signals drive an integrator which produces a dc output voltage whose rate of change is proportional to the difference in average values of the complementary signals. The integrator output voltage is the control voltage for the pulse width of the one-shot. Thus, the integrator adjusts the pulse width until the complementary waveforms are both 50% duty cycle. Since the one-shot is capable of producing a very wide range of pulse widths, the circuit can produce a 50% duty-cycle recovered clock waveform over a frequency range of greater than 17 octaves with no manual adjustments. Since no bandswitching is used, the circuit can smoothly track a signal which is varied over the full frequency range. The NRZ data is recovered over the full frequency range by means of a delay line and flip-flop, followed by another flip-flop which retimes the data by means of the recovered clock. FIG. 1 is a schematic of the fiber optic communications system of the invention. FIG. 2 shows a series of waveforms obtained from the system of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a series of waveforms obtained from asynchronous operation of the system of FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic of the receiver circuit of the invention. FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of the filter found in the receiver circuit of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic of the clock symmetry restoration circuit of the invention. FIG. 7 shows a series of waveforms obtained from the circuit of FIG. 6. FIG. 1 shows data and clock signals being input to pulse width modulation encoder 1. Since the presence of data and clock signals indicate that the system is operating in a synchronous mode, switches 2 and 3 are set to the synchronous select position. The encoded signal leaves encoder 1 and is conveyed to transmitter module 4. Transmitter module 4 has light emitting diode 5 connected across its output for converting the signal from an electrical to an optical one. The optical signal is then conveyed through optical fiber 6 to PIN diode 7 where it is reconverted back into an electrical signal and input to receiver module 8. The signal then passes through PWM modulation decoder 9 which contains circuitry for recovering both the data signal and an unsymmetrical clock signal. Clock symmetry restoration circuit 10 has the capability for converting the unsymmetrical clock signal to a symmetrical signal over a wide range of duty factors. FIG. 2 illustrates a typical synchronous transmission utilizing the circuitry of FIG. 1. In this figure, the Data In waveform indicates that binary sequence 010 is being transmitted. The non-return to zero(NRZ) binary input is indicated as low-high-low and the clock signal is represented at the square wave whose negative transition occurs in the center of the NRZ bit. Pulse width modulation encoder 1 reads the state of the NRZ data input at the aforementioned negative transition and transmits a pulse whose pulse width is Tmin /3 if a zero is transmitted and 2 Tmin /3 if a one is transmitted (or visa versa). Tmin is defined as the mimimum NRZ input bit period that the link must accommodate; i.e., one bit period at the highest data rate. At the receiver end of the system, pulse width modulation decoder 9 recovers data by sampling the receiver waveform with the received waveform being delayed in time by Tmin /2. If a low is detected the received binary symbol is a zero; if a high is detected the symbol is a one. A valid clock signal is recovered simply by generating a positive transition corresponding to the positive edge of the delayed received waveform and the negative transmission Tmin /2 later. The recovered clock signal will be symmetrical if the NRZ data being transmitted has a bit period of Tmin. The clock signal remains valid but becomes unsymmetrical for NRZ bit periods greater than Tmin. To provide a symmetrical clock signal, the negative edge of the unsymmetrical clock signal is extended by TD such that the negative transition occurs in the center of the bit period. Summarizing FIG. 2, the Data In waveform shows a 010 binary data input. The NRZ Data In waveform shows a low-high-low sequence corresponding to the 010 data input. The Clock In waveform is a symmetrical square wave whose negative transition occurs in the center of the NRZ bit period. The transmitted/received signal consists of an optical pulse with a width of Tmin /3 being transmitted when the sampling of the negative transition of the clock signal indicates that the data input is zero, and an optical signal whose pulse is 2 Tmin /3 being transmitted when sampling at the negative transition of the clock signal indicates that the data input is one. The delayed waveform indicates that at the receiver end of the system data is recovered by sampling the received waveform with the received waveform being delayed in time by Tmin /2. The unsymmetrical Clock Out waveform discloses the fact that the clock signal obtained from pulse modulation decoder 9 will be unsymmetrical if the NRZ being transmitted has a bit period other than Tmin. The symmetrical Clock Out waveform indicates that the afore-mentioned unsymmetrical waveform can be converted to a symmetrical one by extending the negative edge by TD such that the negative transition occurs in the center of the bit period. Asynchronous data is transmitted using the same pulse width format used in the synchronous mode. However, the polarity of transitions occurring in the input signal determine which pulse width is transmitted. A positive transition is indicated by a pulse Tmin /3 wide and a negative pulse is indicated by a pulse 2Tmin /3 (or vice versa) where Tmin is the minimum NRZ bit period in the synchronous transmission mode. Asynchronous mode waveforms are illustrated in FIG. 3 wherein the transmitted/received waveform consists of a pulse which is being transmitted with each change in state of the NRZ Data In waveform. The input waveform is reconstructed at the receive end by delaying the transmitted/received waveform by Tmin /2 and using the positive transitions of this delayed waveform to sample the state of the transmitted/received waveform. If a low level is detected, a positive transition is generated. If a high level is detected, a negative transition is generated. A key characteristic of the PWM code is that the encoded bit always begins with a positive transition and always ends in an off state. One advantage of this is that timing information is conveyed only by the positive transitions of the encoded signal. This helps to reduce the effects of systematic signal distortion resulting from unequal propagation delays for positive and negative transitions through the transmitter and receiver. Another advantage of this scheme is that the decoding scheme will work equally well with bursty data of the type encountered in a data bus. Since timing is recovered from each bit, near instantaneous clock recovery is achieved. This assumes, of course, that the transmitter and receiver are suitable for transmitting bursty data. FIG. 4 shows the circuit of receiver module 8. In this circuit the incoming pulse encoded optical signal is detected by PIN diode 7 which outputs a current proportional to the optical signal power. The signal is then conveyed to transimpedance preamplifier 69. Preamplifier 69 presents a low impedance to the current signal from diode 7 and functions to produce two balanced voltage signals proportional to the diode current and 180 degrees out of phase with each other. These voltage signals are conducted through coupling capacitors 27 and 28 to amplifier 70 which represents the first gain stage of the circuit. Amplifier 70, as well as amplifiers 71 and 11 used in successive gain stages, is constructed with components such that its outputs are symmetrically balanced. A balanced amplifier chain was used for two reasons: first, because it provides much better protection against feedback which can cause oscillation, and second, to provide a zero DC bias situation in which to incorporate the automatic gain control components. The three amplifiers, 70, 71 and 11 are basically the same except for the inclusion of filter 12 between amplifier 70 and amplifier 71. The interstage filter 12 provides a three dB breakpoint at approximately 140 MHz, with a slope of approximately 18 dB per octave. Curves 29, 30 and 31, as shown on the graph of FIG. 5, respectively represent the calculated gain, phase relationship and delay of the filter. The output signal from the last amplifier 11 is connected into a clamp circuit comprising capacitor 32, Schottky diode 24 and bias resistor 25. The clamp circuit assures that the negative excursions of the signals from amplifier 11 are clamped to approximately -0.4 volts. The peak value of the signal from amplifier 11 is then restricted to approximately +0.4 volts by automatic gain control action. The aforementioned automatic gain control action is accomplished by a peak-follower circuit comprising comparator 18, adaptive one-shot module 20, amplifier 19 and peak buffer 16. By means of this circuit a voltage is developed at the output of peak buffer 16 which is proportional to the peak signal received from amplifier 11, even if this signal had persisted for only 34 nanoseconds out of 10 milliseconds because of an extremely low duty factor. Limiting AGC integrator 13 compares this voltage with a 0.4 reference voltage, and adjusts the AGC control voltage such that the voltage at the output of peak buffer 16 equals the reference voltage. Because of the extreme duty factors encountered in the present system, the peak follower circuit shown herein is somewhat unconventional. This circuit accomplishes the time factor stretching discussed in the Background of the Invention. Thus, the clamped incoming pulse from amplifier 11 is compared to the voltage output of the peak buffer 16 in comparator 18. If the incoming pulse is of amplitude less than the voltage output of the peak buffer, no firing of comparator 18 occurs and the level of the output will slowly decay down. However, if the pulse is larger than the voltage output, the comparator fires and through adaptive one-shot module 20, provides an output which drives the clamped latch input of AGC peak comparator 18. This results in a stretching of the input pulses from amplifier 11 which is directly proportional to the amount of time since the last pulse. Thus the effect is to stretch pulses when there has not been a pulse for some time and to provide less stretching when there have been other pulses recently received. This time amplification is necessary to enable the circuit to operate under the extreme duty factors likely to be experienced in the system. On the other hand, a circuit lacking the adaptive one-shot module for the time stretching or contraction of the incoming pulse would require the peak signal holding capacitor 26 to charge at a rate equal to the extreme in variation in duty factor times the rate of discharge. In the present system, this would require capacitor 26 to charge at a rate 25,000 times faster than it is discharged. An added advantage of the present circuit is that it increases AGC stability since it adjusts to the duty factor. The stretched pulse leaves comparator 18 and is conveyed to amplifier 19 which charges the peak signal holding capacitor 26 through leakage isolation diode 21. This diode eliminates leakage current from the charge pump amplifier 19 reaching the peak signal holding capacitor 26 when the pump is in the off state. The voltage across capacitor 26 is then buffered in peak buffer amplifier 16, the output of which serves as the peak follower circuit output. The data output signals are derived by a comparator 22 which compares the clamped signal from amplifier 11 to a voltage reference approximately halfway between the 0.4 volt negative peak of the signal and the peak detector output which is equal to the positive peak of the signal. This reference voltage is derived by applying the negative peak clamped voltage to a voltage divider comprising resistors 27 and 28. Thus, the comparator functions to "slice" the data in the middle, even when the automatic gain control goes out of control range on weak or strong signals. Slicing the signal in this way, instead of slicing at zero volts (halfway between -0.4 and +0.4) adds approximately 3 dB to the dynamic range of the receiver. An analog output for test use is also provided by analog output buffer 23. Additionally, a comparator 17 compares the automatic gain control signal to an adjustable alarm level and provides a digital output signal when the incoming optical signal becomes too weak for reliable operation. The pulse width modulated data input of FIG. 6 consists of a serial stream of wide pulses representing logic "1" and narrow pulses representing logic "0". This signal is the data output signal from comparator 22 of FIG. 4. The signal feeds a tapped delay line 35 and then it is then conveyed to an exclusive "OR" gate 37. The signal at the tapped output of delay line 35 is a slightly delayed input signal, with the input signal appearing as waveform 1 and the delayed signal appearing as waveform 2 in FIG. 6. Both the delayed signal and the undelayed signal are input to "OR" gate 37. The output of gate 37 is a series of narrow pulses as shown in waveform 3 of FIG. 6. The circuit input data together with the output of gate 37 feed the "AND" gate 38. The output of gate 38 as shown in waveform 4 of FIG. 7, is a series of narrow pulses responding to the positive going transitions of the input pulse width modulated data. The output of gate 38 is fed via resistor 39 and capacitor 40 to the base of bipolar transistor 42. Resistor 41, also connected to the base of NPN transistor 42 provides a dc current path to properly bias transistor 42. The positive-going edge of the signal at the base of transistor 42 causes transistor 42 to turn on, drawing current through its collector-emitter path. The current flow produces a voltage drop across resistor 44 which lowers the voltage on capacitor 50. The output of capacitor 50 lowers the voltage on the gate of the field-effect transistor 51. The increasing current through the emitter of transistor 42 also raises the voltage on the current source resistor 53, and diverts current from the source of FET 51. Resistor 53 could alternatively be replaced by a transistor configured as a constant current source, or by a constant current diode. The decreasing voltage on the gate of FET 51 and the increasing voltage on the source of FET 51 act in concert to begin turning FET 51 off. The decreasing current through FET 51 diverts even more current to transistor 42, creating a regenerative effect which rapidly switches transistor 42 fully on and transistor 51 fully off. Transistor 46, connected as a constant current source, feeds current to begin charging capacitor 50. The magnitude of the constant current from transistor 46 is determined by the voltage established at the base of transistor 46 and by the magnitude of the emitter resistance 45. Thus, the rate at which capacitor 50 charges is determined by the voltage at the base of transistor 46. When the voltage at the gate of capacitor 50 becomes sufficiently high to cause FET 51 to begin drawing current, FET 51 diverts current from the emitter of transistor 42. The decreased current causes an increasing voltage on the collector of transistor 42. This voltage change is coupled via capacitor 50 to the gate of FET 51, producing a regenerative effect which rapidly turns FET 51 fully on and turns transistor 42 fully off. Schottky diode 52 provides a current path to rapidly discharge C2 during this portion of the switching cycle. The voltage on the gate of FET 51 is shown in waveform 5 of FIG. 6. Transistor 55 and capacitor 54 form a voltage source which reverse biases diode 52 when FET 51 is off and forward biases diode 52 when FET 51 is on. The voltage on the cathode of diode 52 is adjustable via the potentiometer 56, connected to the base of transistor 55. The adjustment is necessary to compensate for variation in the pinchoff voltage of individual field effect transistors at 51. This adjustment is made only once during alignment for each unit built. Transistors 42, 51 and associated components form a monostable multivibrator (one-shot) whose output pulse width is a function of the control voltage at the base of transistor 46. Transistor 42 is chosen to be a bipolar transistor because its high transconductance promotes strong regenerative action with FET 51. Transistor 51 is chosen to be a field effect transistor because its low gate current does not shunt charging current away from 50. If FET 51 were a bipolar transistor, the one-shot pulse width would be difficult to control at low data speeds (wide pulse widths). The current source transistor 46 may be either a bipolar transistor or a field effect transistor. The output pulse stream from the one-shot is shown as waveform 6. This signal is converted to a digital signal with standard logic levels by the action of comparator 59. The reference input of comparator 59 is set to a voltage midway between the on and off voltages at the drain of FET 51 by the series resistor combination 58 and 57. The output signal of comparator 59 is the recovered clock, waveform 7 of FIG. 6. The clock signal is inverted via inverters 64 and 60 to form waveform 8 of FIG. 6. The signal is reinverted via inverter 61 to form waveform 9 of FIG. 6. Inverters 64 and 61 are located on the same chip, to insure that their high levels, low levels, and transition times are very nearly equal. This precaution guarantees that waveforms 8 and 9 are very nearly perfect complements of one another, which in turn guarantees that the recovered clock duty cycle will be very nearly 50%. The output of inverter 61 is fed to a low pass filter made up of resistor 62 and capacitor 63. The low pass filter converts the waveform at the output of inverter 61 into its dc average value, to be used as the reference signal for the integrator. The complementary clock signal at the output of inverter 64 drives the integrator made up of operational amplifier 65, input resistor 67, and feedback capacitor 66. The output of the integrator is a slowly-varying dc signal whose rate of change is proportional to the difference between the dc-average values of the clock and complementary clock signals. Only when the clock (and complementary clock) have 50% duty cycles will the output of the integrator stabilize at a fixed dc voltage. For instance, if the clock is 60% duty cycle, the complementary clock is 40% duty cycle and the output voltage of the integrator will increase. The integrator output is fed through resistor 49 to the base of transistor 46 where it in conjunction with the one-shot form a closed control loop which attempts to stabilize the clock output at 50% duty cycle regardless of the input data rate. The maximum data rate is limited by the tap position on delay line 35, the switching speed of transistors 42 and 51, the maximum current that transistor 46 can deliver and diode 52 can sink, and the time constant of the resistor 44 capacitor 50 combination. The minimum data rate is limited by the magnitudes of leakage currents in the collector of transistor 46, the gate of FET 51, and diode 52. These leakage currents can establish spurious charging paths for capacitor 50 which are uncontrolled by the integrator. In practice, the practical range of data rates from which a 50% duty cycle clock can be recovered can span 17 octaves or more. Having regenerated the clock, the coincident data is regenerated by the action of D-type flip-flops 36 and 68. Flip-flop 36 regenerates the NRZ data by clocking the PWM input data with the delayed output of delay line 35 shown in waveform 10 of FIG. 6. The delay through delay line 35 is chosen to equal the halfway value between the wide and narrow pulse widths, so that only wide pulses will be clocked to the output of the flip-flop. The output of flip-flop 36 is the recovered NRZ data shown in waveform 11 of FIG. 6. The NRZ data is aligned with the recovered clock by the action of flip-flop 68. The recovered and properly aligned NRZ data is shown in waveform 12 of FIG. 7. While we have described above the principles of our invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation to the scope of our invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the accompanying claims. 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Mr Suhas Karekar Think back over the lessons you've learned in life. How did you benefit from some one telling you the truth about something you were doing wrong ?
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A Little Bird Told Me About the Trial: Revising Court Rules to Allow Reporting from the Courtroom Via TwitterMark L. Tamburriaffiliation not provided to SSRN Thomas M. Pohlaffiliation not provided to SSRN M. Patrick YinglingReed Smith LLP September 15, 2010 BNA Electronic Commerce & Law Report, Vol. 15, September 15, 2010 Abstract: Over the past year, a handful of courts around the country have confronted the novel issue of whether to allow reporting of criminal trials from inside the courtroom via Twitter, the micro-blogging and social networking service. While courtroom "tweeting" provides the public with innovative and current access to trial information, certain rules banning or otherwise restricting cameras in the courtroom can also be read to prohibit tweeting from the courtroom. These rules, however, were never drafted with Twitter in mind. Given the increasing use of Twitter and related technologies by mainstream news media, it is likely that state rules committees will soon be seeking to revise the language of certain rules. This article provides a brief overview of the media's increasing use of Twitter to report on trials from within courtrooms. The balance of the article details considerations - both legal and practical - that rules committees will necessarily have to weigh to address this emerging trend. Number of Pages in PDF File: 6 Keywords: Twitter, courtroom, media, reporting, trial Date posted: July 19, 2011 ; Last revised: August 19, 2014Suggested Citation |
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Statements about Taxes
James Aubin
"Colorado raked in $60 million in marijuana taxes and licensing fees in the past year."
— Rhode Island
Allan Fung
In the 38 Studios deal, "Wall Street investors took a risk, and went bust."
— Rhode Island
Jack Reed
The Senate proposal to restore emergency unemployment benefits for five months was "fully paid for."
— Rhode Island
Angel Taveras
I turned "a $110 million deficit into a $1.6 million surplus for our city."
— Rhode Island
Gina Raimondo
"Residential property taxes [in Providence] are up nearly 27 percent under Mayor Taveras."
— Rhode Island
Daniel Harrop
"We see a quarter-billion dollars in a pension fund that needs to be funded at $1.2 billion."
— Rhode Island
Jonathan Harris
"You don't see Norway losing population, and its taxes are astronomical."
— Rhode Island
Joseph Henchman
"Only 25 percent of what people buy is subject to Rhode Island's sales tax."
— Rhode Island


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Armed with a huge cap space and the commitment of veteran star to take a big pay cut, the Dallas Mavericks, behind the deep pockets of owner Mark Cuban are considered major players in this offseason.
When July 1 arrives expect the Mavericks to pursue two big name stars in Pau Gasol of the Los Angeles Lakers and Carmelo Anthony of the New York Knicks according to Marc Stein of ESPN.COM.
Free-agent whisper one week out: Mavs not only expect to have chance to make face-to-face pitch to Melo but also plan to pursue Pau Gasol
— Marc Stein (@ESPNSteinLine) June 22, 2014
How Does It Work?
For the 2014-2015 payroll, the Mavericks have about $27.41M committed to just eight players. The key names here are shooting guard Monta Ellis ($8.72M) and Jose Calderon ($7.10M) and that can jump to roughly $31.0M if they pick up the "team option" on center Samuel Dalembert for over $3M (a likely scenario).
For next season, the salary cap is pegged to be around $63M so Dallas have around $30 million plus to work with in this offseason.
The German big man has an expiring contract of $22M but with his previous announcement that he'll re-sign with Dallas for less—a shout-out to the selfish Kobe Bryant of the Los Angeles Lakers—it is possible that he settles for around $12M to $15 to accommodate other star players to the Dallas fold.
The targets and probable offers: $27M for three years for Gasol ($9 per year) and $90M for 4 years for Anthony ($22.5M per year).
Dallas will have no problem shooting over the cap as they went past it with $77M last season—shout out to Cuban and his cash.
Will It Work?
In the age of superteams—shout out to LeBron James and the LeBronettes in Miami—this could work especially in the tough and deep Western Conference.
The downside for Dallas is that the pair of moves could mean letting go of Shawn Marion and Vince Carter—serviceable players last season. Then again, upgrading to a Gasol and Anthony should be a better option.
A starting line-up of Calderon/Ellis/Anthony/Nowitzki/Gasol is indeed scary offensively but they leaves much to be desired on the other end; who is going to be the defensive stopper? How weak is that Nowitzki/Gasol frontcourt? And will this be a case of "too-much-offense-and-not-enough-defense"?
What is the Most Likely Scenario?
Head coach is a known defensive guru but had to make do with a defensively-challenged line-up last season. They pushed the eventual NBA champions to full seven games in the first round of the Western Conference playoffs so there's something to build on from that group.
So while the Mavericks are reportedly chasing BOTH Gasol and Anthony it appears that they will seriously consider only one and spend the extra money to target a defensive-minded player—either resigning Marion or finding a similar player via free agency.
Exciting times ahead for Dallas with an open wallet this offseason—will they spend it wisely? And will free agents be attracted to playing in Texas?
July 1 is officially the start of free agency period in the NBA.


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Roxy Theatre
71 Wall Street,
1 person favorited this theater
The Regent Theatre was opened in 1915. I used to go see Max Creek and Widespread Panic at the Globe Theater in Norwalk. The first time I went there was in 1994. The last Creek show I saw was in October of 1998 and this was a great regional venue. The sound was weird as it circulated around. When you went into the balcony, you always felt like you would fall down because of the steep angle. (The floor below had no seats – it was all general admission). There was the regular balcony and then another small one above it where we all went to smoke up and nobody cared. The floor was small but the theater looked big from the parking lot.
It eventually closed down and reopened as the Roxy Theatre but the owners kept mismanaging it like the Globe and since closed again.
Recent comments (view all 11 comments)
I stopped by there the other day. All retail in front is no longer and there's a great mural on the side of the auditorium that I don't remember ever being there. The nearby Garden Cinemas is behing this theater.
Opened in 1916 as the Regent at 73 Wall Street, per the City Directory. Becomes the Norwalk Theatre in 1939 at 71 Wall. In 1986 it's listed as the Cinemanational Theatre Operations as well. Last listed in 1989.
I was the manager for CinemaNational from around 1985 to 1987. This was an old vaudeville theatre with a stage and proscenium arch. Carbon arc projector when I was there. Wasn't showing the better films like when I managed the Greenwich Twin in Greenwich, CT, more like "Halloween III," Friday the 13th part 6, "Purple Rain", "Batchelor Party", etc.
News article at http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L500AAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZW0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3835%2C6739324
Kenneth — I would love to get in touch with you regarding some questions I have about the theater — is there a way to do so?
The Regent Theatre opened in 1915. This item is from the December, 1915, issue of the trade union journal The Motorman and Conductor:
"COMPLIMENTS OF THEATER MANAGER.The theater is now being renovated by a non-profit organization, and is to eventually reopen as the Wall Street Theatre. This is their web site. Their history page says the Regent opened in September, 1915. There is an undated photo of its reopening as the Norwalk Theatre. The first movie shown under the new name was the 1939 production The Story of Alexander Graham Bell. The Norwalk Theatre closed in October, 1989, with the movie Kickboxer."Norwalk, Conn.—In November the members of Div. No. 476 were each presented with two attendance tickets to the picture play entitled "The Birth of a Nation." The compliment was extended by the management of the Regent Theater of Norwalk.
"Our benefit drawing with a Hamilton watch as the prize resulted in drawing of the watch by Judge J. T. Hubbell of Norwalk. The Judge very kindly returned the watch to us under provision that it should be chanced off among our members. The result is that Motorman J. H. Wilmott Is now running the Short Line by it.
"On Dec. 13 we held a musical comedy benefit at the Regent Theater. It was a success."
rfkjunior, how can I contact you ? Or can you please pose your questions here?
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


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Wentworth Earl Miller III is a Golden Globe-nominated American actor. He rose to stardom following his starring role as Michael Scofield in the Fox Network television series Prison Break.
More on Wikipedia…
(20 quotes found)
"The (fake) tattoo takes about four to five hours to apply, ... if you've got two people working on it."
Wentworth Miller
"[A ghostly side note: Soldier boy Miller played a Lucifer-like character in the final two episodes of Joan of Arcadia. Coincidence?] I do find it strangely poetic, ... that a character who shows up on a show about God to play something kind of satanic winds up in the very last two episodes of that show, and then appears in the show that replaces that show on its exact time and night the following season."
"I remember my father saying one word to me as I would walk out to school every day: 'increments.' Every test, every quiz, every conversation with the teacher, it all added up to the final grade, which would affect where you went off to college and the rest of your life. All those little bits and pieces added up to something larger,"
"I was looking at my CD collection every month to see what I wouldn't mind hocking to pay the rent. And I realized I needed acting like I needed air and couldn't walk away from it,"
"My rule is you want someone who's got both feet on the ground. An ideal girlfriend might be someone who works in the business and can understand what you're going through but is not an actor themselves - is willing to run lines with you but when you start acting crazy, they throw up their hands and take you for what you are and be accepting."
"I don't feel any particular pressure to be the cute one. That's Dominic's territory."
"If there was a place that was ever haunted, it would be Joliet,"
"... I value the experience I did have behind that desk because to make it in this business, you need the soul of an artist but the pulse of a bureaucrat. If you're waiting tables, waiting for your break, and you're not willing to come home every night after a long shift at the restaurant and stuff your head-shots and resumes into envelopes to send out to agents and managers, you're not going to make it. It's not going to happen for you."
"He's great. He's a great actor, has a really interesting presence. It kind of reminds me of … he has a quality that Anthony Hopkins has, he has stillness and precision in his delivery. It's really interesting."
"There'll be moments when I'm out in the prison yard, chatting with the cast and the crew, getting ready to shoot a scene. And then I'll remember if I were actually an inmate, I'd only be out there an hour. The other 23 hours of the day, I'd be in my cell. It's kind of a downer."


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I figured an appropriate first thread would be one of the reason why I'm here. I took ownership of a pre-war lakes racer about a year ago and the man that passed it along to me had a few stipulations: 1. I couldn't resell it until he died but I could donate it or sell it back to him. 2. I had to maintain it and use it like the original owner would have 3. I should learn about the history of the man that owned it and pass it along because he had become forgotten. So it could tend to be a little dry in some parts, but they are the facts as best as I can document them thus far. Sandy Belond officially began racing on the dry lakes in '38 with a '31 roadster on a duece frame that his friend Sam Hanks helped him build. His roadster was 1 of the first 100 cars to record a land speed of over 100 mph. It also won the Idler's Trophy Championship in '38 and '39 as well as the Sta-Lube Motor Oil Co Trophy in '39. In 1942 at a REVS Car Club meet invitational it clocked what is arguably the fastest speed ever by a roadster in the pre-war years, 125.854 mph Note: more about the car to come in a later thread, you can find pics of it here on the HAMB, it recently won the Pasadena Roadster Clubs' Reliability Run Best Roadster award. A huge thank you to all the people that helped put that event on, its a great event and we had a wonderful time. Sandy joined the Idlers car club in '37 and he was on the founding board of the Western Timing Assoc. as a Safety Committee member. Sandy was most likely the greatest success story of the pre-war manufacturers. While the country was still in the depths of the Great Depression, Belond was expanding his operation four times. There were 4 Sandy's Muffler Shops in operation before the war to meet the demands of the dry lakes and stadium racers he was supplying. That is if we count his house as a shop since it was his first place of business and he continued to do work there on midgets race cars until he was called away to join the war. He became one of, if not the first, Edelbrock dealer in late 1940 and ran one of the first Slingshots on his roadster in early '41. Sandy's Muffler Shop headers cost $15 a set before the war if you were a timing club member. He also offered a little something more then off the shelf performance when you purchased his Sandy's Muffler Shop "W" header, actually a variation of the Harry Miller cast iron header designed for the '35 Miller Ford V8 Indy cars. Note: Don't confuse Belond Headers or the Equa-Flow line with Sandy's Muffler Shop headers they are very different, although both were made by Sandy and his men. "Belonds" and the "Equa-Flow" line are Post-War stuff and Sandy's Muffler Shop is Pre-War. The Belond "W-1" and "W-2" headers were usually custom ordered and manufactured in the Post-War years by Sandy Belond's Southern California Muffler Service, '47 - '50. In the later years '51 or so and beyond, Belond did offer a few off the shelf "W-1" and "W-2" headers based on jigs built for other customers. Interestingly Belond never produced any "W-1" or "W-2" headers for a car with a wishbone and if you attempt to fit them in a roadster with a stock "K" member and/or steering they won't go, I've tried both. "W" headers on the other hand were custom made Pre-War headers by Sandy's Muffler Shop. Each "W" was a custom order, made per application, these all featured the center dump like the later "W-1 and -2" headers but they have a single plate flange and a long tapered collector which was to satisfy a rule the early dry lakes racers had about exhaust length. Sandy joined the USMC, entered the war late and was back by '46. When Sandy returned he went to work for Archie Porter where he reunited with Bob Hedman, later to be known as the founder of Hedman Hedders. It is believed that Sandy learned the muffler business from Archie Porter in the mid 30's at the Porter's Muffler Shop and Sandy returned to work there for a short stint after the war. But Sandy was anxious to open his own shops again, so he along with Bob Hedman and Bud Gregory proceeded with the manufacture of a couple of ideas Sandy had for a new equal length V8 60 header for midget cars. Karl Orr lent him the money and offered him a space in the back of his speed shop. Sandy installed a drive on lift on the west side of the Orr's Speed shop, and he moved into a small apt behind the speed shop on the east side of the Orr's property with his wife Ruth and their daughter Donna. This was '47, Bud came over with Sandy as the shop foreman and Bob joined them shortly thereafter. Sandy began building the midget headers with Bud and they were a great success. He saved some money up and ventured into his next project creating the Sandy Belond Equa-Flow Exhaust System which revolutionized the header industry by creating the first ever jigs for exhaust systems. Note: More importantly, from a performance stand point. The Belond V860 headers were the first ever tuned equal length header, these also featured a merge collector. Although Sandy had initially installed a merge collector onto a header he built for Kelly Petillo who owned a Roy Richter built, Offy powered midget and a similar header for Sam Hanks who won the Pacific Coast Midget Championship in '38. Hanks did credit Belond for the added performance the header contributed and that is thought to be one of the factors that grew Belonds header business before the war. There were more then 2000 Belond Dealers by '53 and Belond Systems were offered by dealships as an option. He was so hooked up with the OEM that they would send vehicles out to the Sandy Belond's Southern California Muffler Company to have system designed for their cars before the cars were offered for sale to the public. Note:Today this practice is a highly sought developmental tool offered to SEMA members. Sandy was inducted into the SEMA Hall of Fame in 1981. His muffler operation had grown so big that he actually built a steel mill in the West Central area of Los Angeles to founder his own exhaust tubing. The header and exhaust manufacturing section alone exceeded 15,000 square feet. He retired and sold the Belond Muffler Company to A-P Industries in '58 and the header division to Bob Hedman. Hedman founded Hedman Hedders and A-P Industries couldn't figure out how Belond made his business so successful so they hired him back as CEO and he remained there until his passing in the late 80's. Eventually Belond grew A-P into W.R. Grace an investment company that holds many of the major aftermarket brands we still buy from today. It is unclear whether he personally ever raced another car but I have not seen any mention of a race car other then his '31, perhaps because right after the war Ruth became pregnant with Donna and then a few years later Don. It is very likely Sandy's priorities changed from racer to father. He did however sponsor a number of race cars with the Belond name such as the Tom Beatty belly tank, Bob Rothwaite's chopped 1934 Ford coupe and the Lentz Bros. 777 streamliner. These cars set many land speed records and ultimately Sandy went on to win Indy as an owner in '57 and '58 with his life long friend Sam Hanks in a George Salih designed roadster that was powered by an Offy. The body was a Quinn Epperly job and it was nick named "the Sidewinder" Drivers were Sam Hanks and Jimmy Bryan, respectively. In 1961 he partnered with an old Indy pal to open Calsbad Raceway. Sandy died of cancer in 1989. He is buried in Hollywood, Ca. at Forest Lawn Cemetary and was survived by his wife Ruth, a daughter Donna and three grandsons. That's my start and I hope it sheds a little light on who this iconic man was. It took a lot of calls and letters and I've been rewarded by meeting some really awesome guys from a great time in American history. It is an on going quest so I'm really interested in contacting anyone who knew the man or worked for him. Especially if you knew him before the war. First photo is of his '57 Indy winning team so we could have a face to put to his story. The team is Left to right: Frenchy Sirois (Jigger's Father), Howard Gilbert, George Salih, Sandy Belond and either Shorty Barnes or Shorty Reeves. Sam Hanks is seated in the roadster. 2nd shot is the Sandy's Muffler Shop roadster at the lakes, most likely in the sumer of '41. Persons in the photo are unidenified. First ad is Pre-War Sandy's Muffler Shop and 2nd ad is early Post-War.
Dang! I thought it said sandy blonde. Just kidding. Welcome, and by the way, I don't see the team picture in your post.
Michael - It was good meeting you and seeing your car last weekend at the PRC run. (I was there with my dad in the bare metal 32 rpu with open pipes.) My dad talked to his good friend and neighbor Bob D'Olivo...and told him about seeing the Sandy's Muffler car. Bob said he and Sandy, alond with Vic Edelbrock Sr and Racer Brown played golf together on a regular basis. Small world. Neal
YEAH Nice to have you on here. Please continue. For a nostalgic mind this is fuel on the furnace. I love the fact that I tend to learn some more about this hobby every time I drop in to the HAMB. Appreciate you taking the time to share. Paul
Awesome post, Michael. Until now I was aware that there was a man named Sandy Belond who manufactured the famous "W" headers and exhaust systems but had no idea when it came to the details you shared. Not that there was any reservation before, but this post just re-enforces our decision to pick your car for the "Best Roadster" award as your car and it's history are the essence of what the Reliability Runs are all about. The fact that these historical name cars survive is a miracle and it's awesome to see them still out there doing what they should be - driving. I truely hope you hang on to this piece of history and continue to bring it to future runs. -Dennis-
More on Sandy Belond. From Time magazine, June 10, 1957 More than three-quarters of the Indianapolis 500-mile auto race was behind him at 2:01 p.m., C.D.T. on Memorial Day, and handsome Sam Hanks was right where he wanted to be: in front of the pack. Now, for the first time, he began to worry. A veteran of eleven unsuccessful attempts at the "big spin in the brick-yard," Sam had planned to steal some time by making only two pit stops in his light, low-slung Belond Exhaust Special. He had already made them, and he could not be sure whether his latest set of tires would last till the finish. He was less than a lap ahead of the second racer. Should he crowd his luck, or bet on the speed and skill of his pit crew? Sam played it safe: he pulled in for the third time. Just 34 seconds later the Belond was filled with gas, oil and water, three of its tires had been replaced and it was rolling on new rubber. Sam was still six seconds in the lead. By the time he whipped past the finish flag, he was 17.35 seconds in front of Jim Rathmann's Chiropractic Special (named after its sponsor, Chiropractor Ray Sabourin). He had careened around the 500-lap course in 3 hr. 41 min. 14.25 sec., an average of 135.601 m.p.h.the fastest 500 on record. Every bit as careful as Sam, the Speedway management had also tried to play it safe. The limit on piston displacement for engines without superchargers had been lowered from 274.59 to 256.284 cu. in. (the limit for supercharged power plants was 170.856 cu. in.), on the theory that less power would mean less speed. It meant just the opposite. Smaller engines allowed smaller cars. The "bombs" that turned out for the 500 had never been lighter, had never handled so well on the turns. As a result, the first ten to finish all beat the late Bill Vukovich's 130.84 m.p.h. record, set in 1954. Hank's Belond, named for a sponsor, Exhaust-Pipe Maker Sandy Belond, was one of the lightest and lowest cars in the race. George Salih, the California engineer who designed the car, was a conformist only in his choice of engine. (He used the same four-cylinder Meyer-Drake Offenhauser that powered every car in the race except the two V-8 Novi Specials.) Under the Belond's yellow skin, the time-tested Offy engine was laid on its side. In its unusual mount, the Offy not only ran cooler, it gave the car a sleek, slanted profile that rose only 22 inches off the track at the snout. It looked strange, but it was sweet to handle; the off-center weight of the tilted Offy made it cat-quick on the corners. Next year almost every other racer at Indianapolis will probably copy its style. The difference will be that Sam Hanks will not be back to driveor so he says now. At 42 the greying, crew-cut driver has spent half his life racing cars, from the midgets to 500 monsters. "This is the only ambition I have left in racing," he said before last week's race started. "When I win the 500, I'll hang up my goggles so fast it'll make their heads swim." Wiping the oil off his face, Winner Hanks, who split $103,000 in assorted prizes, announced that when the season ends he will retire and return to Southern California to look at Pacific sunsets.
I just found this article doing a google search. I think this is a very nice article on Sandy Belond. There is one detail I would like to let you know. Sandy Belond was survived by three grandsons. I am the youngest of them. I look forward to seeing more articles.
Thanks for the INTRO ! and .............Welcome to the H.A.M.B. firstnomad www.angelfire.com/jazz/flatlandstudio


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I have 3 extra tickets for the Texas Men's Basketball game this Wednesday. It is section 218, row 11. Selling for only $13 each or best offer. I would also break up into a pair and one ticket. PM me if interested.
Still selling. $11 each.
I'll give you $5/each.
NHL teams need to be added to the favorite teams section.
Selling one ticket at your price.
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