text:
The frozen elephant trunk: an interesting hybrid endovascular-surgical technique to treat complex pathologies of the thoracic aorta. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 17321346 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
The treatment of complex aortic pathologies involving the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending aorta remains a challenging issue in aortic surgery. The frozen elephant trunk procedure effectively combines surgical and interventional technologies in the treatment of extensive aortic aneurysms and dissections. We present two patients with complex aortic lesions involving all three segments of the thoracic aorta. The device used in our series is the new E-vita open hybrid prosthesis consisting of a proximal woven polyester tube and a distal self-expandable nitinol stent graft, which can be delivered antegrade into the descending aorta. |
Florian S Schoenhoff; Juerg Schmidli; Friedrich S Eckstein; Pascal A Berdat; Franz F Immer; Thierry P Carrel |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Case Reports; Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
Title: Journal of vascular surgery Volume: 45 ISSN: 0741-5214 ISO Abbreviation: J. Vasc. Surg. Publication Date: 2007 Mar |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 2007-02-26 Completed Date: 2007-03-30 Revised Date: 2012-10-03 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 8407742 Medline TA: J Vasc Surg Country: United States |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 597-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Alloys Aneurysm, Dissecting / radiography, surgery* Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / radiography, surgery* Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / methods* Female Humans Middle Aged Polyethylene Terephthalates Prosthesis Design Stents* Tomography, X-Ray Computed Treatment Outcome |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Alloys; 0/Polyethylene Terephthalates; 52013-44-2/nitinol |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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text:
EZ Stat Pak and Speed Spy
Decatur Electronics offers a software application and product to ease speed data gathering while alleviating budget constraints for local police agencies. The new EZ Stat Pak and its companion product, Speed Spy, provide low cost alternatives for targeting speed and traffic information and then analyzing it for safety purposes with easy to read and understand reports. The EZ Stat is a serial module flash memory system that works with Decatur Electronics radars. The SpeedSpy packages the EZ Stat with Decatur radars as a covert process for monitoring radar speed trailers or enforcement measures. Reports generated aid police agencies in determining whether LED displays of vehicle speeds or regular police enforcement efforts have been effective in reducing speeds in certain areas.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Port Protected
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text:
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning | |
Classification and external resources | |
Specialty | Toxicology |
eMedicine | article/819987 |
Patient UK | Carbon monoxide poisoning |
MeSH | D002249 |
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs after enough inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas, but, being colorless, odorless, tasteless, and initially non-irritating, it is very difficult for people to detect. Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of organic matter due to insufficient oxygen supply to enable complete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2). It is often produced in domestic or industrial settings by motor vehicles that run on gasoline, diesel, methane, or other carbon-based fuels and tools, heaters, and cooking equipment that are powered by carbon-based fuels such as propane and butane. Exposures at 100 ppm or greater can be dangerous to human health.[1]
Symptoms of mild acute poisoning will include light-headedness, confusion, headaches, vertigo, and flu-like effects; larger exposures can lead to significant toxicity of the central nervous system and heart, and death. Following acute poisoning, long-term sequelae often occur. Carbon monoxide can also have severe effects on the fetus of a pregnant woman. Chronic exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide can lead to depression, confusion, and memory loss. Carbon monoxide mainly causes adverse effects in humans by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in the blood. This prevents hemoglobin from carrying oxygen to the tissues, effectively reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to hypoxia. Additionally, myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase are thought to be adversely affected. Carboxyhemoglobin can revert to hemoglobin, but the recovery takes time because the HbCO complex is fairly stable.
Treatment of poisoning largely consists of administering 100% oxygen or providing hyperbaric oxygen therapy, although the optimum treatment remains controversial.[2] Oxygen works as an antidote as it increases the removal of carbon monoxide from hemoglobin, in turn providing the body with normal levels of oxygen. The prevention of poisoning is a significant public health issue. Domestic carbon monoxide poisoning can be prevented by early detection with the use of household carbon monoxide detectors. Carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common type of fatal poisoning in many countries.[3] Historically, it was also commonly used as a method to commit suicide, usually by deliberately inhaling the exhaust fumes of a running car engine. Modern automobiles, even with electronically controlled combustion and catalytic converters, can still produce levels of carbon monoxide which will kill if enclosed within a garage or if the tailpipe is obstructed (for example, by snow) and exhaust gas cannot escape normally. Carbon monoxide poisoning has also been implicated as the cause of apparent haunted houses; symptoms such as delirium and hallucinations have led people suffering poisoning to think they have seen ghosts or to believe their house is haunted.[4]
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Carbon monoxide is not toxic to all forms of life. Its harmful effects are due to binding with haemoglobin so its danger to organisms that do not use this compound is doubtful. It thus has no effect on photosynthesising plants.[5] It is easily absorbed through the lungs.[6] Inhaling the gas can lead to hypoxic injury, nervous system damage, and death. Different people and populations may have different carbon monoxide tolerance levels.[7] On average, exposures at 100 ppm or greater is dangerous to human health.[1] In the United States, the OSHA limits long-term workplace exposure levels to less than 50 ppm averaged over an 8-hour period;[8][9] in addition, employees are to be removed from any confined space if an upper limit ("ceiling") of 100 ppm is reached.[10] Carbon monoxide exposure may lead to a significantly shorter life span due to heart damage.[11] The carbon monoxide tolerance level for any person is altered by several factors, including activity level, rate of ventilation, a pre-existing cerebral or cardiovascular disease, cardiac output, anemia, sickle cell disease and other hematological disorders, barometric pressure, and metabolic rate.[12][13][14]
The acute effects produced by carbon monoxide in relation to ambient concentration in parts per million are listed below:[15][16]
Concentration | Symptoms |
35 ppm (0.0035%) | Headache and dizziness within six to eight hours of constant exposure |
100 ppm (0.01%) | Slight headache in two to three hours |
200 ppm (0.02%) | Slight headache within two to three hours; loss of judgment |
400 ppm (0.04%) | Frontal headache within one to two hours |
800 ppm (0.08%) | Dizziness, nausea, and convulsions within 45 min; insensible within 2 hours |
1,600 ppm (0.16%) | Headache, increased heart rate, dizziness, and nausea within 20 min; death in less than 2 hours |
3,200 ppm (0.32%) | Headache, dizziness and nausea in five to ten minutes. Death within 30 minutes. |
6,400 ppm (0.64%) | Headache and dizziness in one to two minutes. Convulsions, respiratory arrest, and death in less than 20 minutes. |
12,800 ppm (1.28%) | Unconsciousness after 2–3 breaths. Death in less than three minutes. |
Acute poisoning[edit]
The main manifestations of carbon monoxide poisoning develop in the organ systems most dependent on oxygen use, the central nervous system and the heart.[8] The initial symptoms of acute carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, nausea, malaise, and fatigue.[17] These symptoms are often mistaken for a virus such as influenza or other illnesses such as food poisoning or gastroenteritis.[18] Headache is the most common symptom of acute carbon monoxide poisoning; it is often described as dull, frontal, and continuous.[19] Increasing exposure produces cardiac abnormalities including fast heart rate, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmia;[20][21] central nervous system symptoms include delirium, hallucinations, dizziness, unsteady gait, confusion, seizures, central nervous system depression, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, and death.[22][23] Less common symptoms of acute carbon monoxide poisoning include myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, high blood sugar, lactic acidosis, muscle necrosis, acute kidney failure, skin lesions, and visual and auditory problems.[20][24][25][26]
One of the major concerns following acute carbon monoxide poisoning is the severe delayed neurological manifestations that may occur. Problems may include difficulty with higher intellectual functions, short-term memory loss, dementia, amnesia, psychosis, irritability, a strange gait, speech disturbances, Parkinson's disease-like syndromes, cortical blindness, and a depressed mood.[18][27] Depression may occur in those who did not have pre-existing depression.[28] These delayed neurological sequelae may occur in up to 50% of poisoned people after 2 to 40 days.[18] It is difficult to predict who will develop delayed sequelae; however, advanced age, loss of consciousness while poisoned, and initial neurological abnormalities may increase the chance of developing delayed symptoms.[29]
One classic sign of carbon monoxide poisoning is more often seen in the dead rather than the living – people have been described as looking red-cheeked and healthy (see below). However, since this "cherry-red" appearance is common only in the deceased, and is unusual in living people, it is not considered a useful diagnostic sign in clinical medicine. In pathological (autopsy) examination the ruddy appearance of carbon monoxide poisoning is notable because unembalmed dead persons are normally bluish and pale, whereas dead carbon-monoxide poisoned persons may simply appear unusually lifelike in coloration.[30][31][32] The colorant effect of carbon monoxide in such postmortem circumstances is thus analogous to its use as a red colorant in the commercial meat-packing industry.
Chronic poisoning[edit]
Chronic exposure to relatively low levels of carbon monoxide may cause persistent headaches, lightheadedness, depression, confusion, memory loss, nausea and vomiting.[33] It is unknown whether low-level chronic exposure may cause permanent neurological damage.[18] Typically, upon removal from exposure to carbon monoxide, symptoms usually resolve themselves, unless there has been an episode of severe acute poisoning.[33] However, one case noted permanent memory loss and learning problems after a 3-year exposure to relatively low levels of carbon monoxide from a faulty furnace.[34] Chronic exposure may worsen cardiovascular symptoms in some people.[33] Chronic carbon monoxide exposure might increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis.[35][36] Long-term exposures to carbon monoxide present the greatest risk to persons with coronary heart disease and in females who are pregnant.[37]
Carbon monoxide as a therapeutic agent[edit]
Small amounts of CO are beneficial and enzymes exist that produce it at times of oxidative stress. Drugs are being developed to introduce small amounts of CO during certain kinds of surgery, these drugs are called Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules.
Concentration | Source |
0.1 ppm | Natural atmosphere level (MOPITT)[38] |
0.5 to 5 ppm | Average level in homes[39] |
5 to 15 ppm | Near properly adjusted gas stoves in homes[39] |
100 to 200 ppm | Exhaust from automobiles in the Mexico City central area[40] |
5,000 ppm | Exhaust from a home wood fire[41] |
7,000 ppm | Undiluted warm car exhaust without a catalytic converter[41] |
Carbon monoxide is a product of combustion of organic matter under conditions of restricted oxygen supply, which prevents complete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2). Sources of carbon monoxide include cigarette smoke, house fires, faulty furnaces, heaters, wood-burning stoves, internal combustion vehicle exhaust, electrical generators, propane-fueled equipment such as portable stoves, and gasoline-powered tools such as leaf blowers, lawn mowers, high-pressure washers, concrete cutting saws, power trowels, and welders.[18][33][42][43][44][45][46] Exposure typically occurs when equipment is used in buildings or semi-enclosed spaces.[18]
Poisoning may also occur following the use of a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) due to faulty diving air compressors.[47] Riding in pickup trucks has led to poisoning in children.[48] Idling automobiles with the exhaust pipe blocked by snow has led to the poisoning of car occupants.[49] Generators and propulsion engines on boats, especially houseboats, has resulted in fatal carbon monoxide exposures.[50][51]
As part of the Holocaust during World War II, German Nazis used gas vans at Chelmno camp and elsewhere to kill an estimated over 700,000 prisoners by carbon monoxide poisoning. This method was also used in the gas chambers of several death camps such as Treblinka, Sobibor and Belzec. Gassing with carbon monoxide started in action T4, the euthanasia programme developed by the nazis in Germany to murder the mentally ill and disabled people before the war started in earnest. Many key personnel were recruited to murder much larger numbers of people in the gas vans and the special gas chambers used in the death camps such as Treblinka. Exhaust fumes from tank engines for example, were used to supply the gas to the chambers. .[52]
Other causes[edit]
Another source of poisoning is exposure to the organic solvent dichloromethane, found in some paint strippers,[53] as the metabolism of dichloromethane produces carbon monoxide.[54][55][56] Any perforation between the exhaust manifold and shroud can result in exhaust gases reaching the cabin. In caves carbon monoxide can build up in enclosed chambers due to the presence of decomposing organic matter.[57]
The precise mechanisms by which the effects of carbon monoxide are induced upon bodily systems, are complex and not yet fully understood.[17] Known mechanisms include carbon monoxide binding to hemoglobin, myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and restricting oxygen supply, and carbon monoxide causing brain lipid peroxidation.[22][30][58]
Carbon monoxide has a higher diffusion coefficient compared to oxygen and the only enzyme in the human body that produces carbon monoxide is heme oxygenase which is located in all cells and breaks down heme. Under normal conditions carbon monoxide levels in the plasma are approximately 0 mmHg because it has a higher diffusion coefficient and the body easily gets rid of any CO made.[59] When CO is not ventilated it binds to hemoglobin, which is the principal oxygen-carrying compound in blood; this produces a compound known as carboxyhemoglobin. The traditional belief is that carbon monoxide toxicity arises from the formation of carboxyhemoglobin, which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and inhibits the transport, delivery, and utilization of oxygen by the body. The affinity between hemoglobin and carbon monoxide is approximately 230 times stronger than the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen so hemoglobin binds to carbon monoxide in preference to oxygen.[30][60][61]
Hemoglobin is a tetramer with four oxygen binding sites. The binding of carbon monoxide at one of these sites increases the oxygen affinity of the remaining three sites, which causes the hemoglobin molecule to retain oxygen that would otherwise be delivered to the tissue.[58] This situation is described as carbon monoxide shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left.[30] Because of the increased affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen during carbon monoxide poisoning, little oxygen will actually be released in the tissues. This causes hypoxic tissue injury.[18] Hemoglobin acquires a bright red color when converted into carboxyhemoglobin, so poisoned cadavers and even commercial meats treated with carbon monoxide acquire an unnatural reddish hue.
Carbon monoxide also binds to the hemeprotein myoglobin. It has a high affinity for myoglobin, about 60 times greater than that of oxygen.[18] Carbon monoxide bound to myoglobin may impair its ability to utilize oxygen.[30] This causes reduced cardiac output and hypotension, which may result in brain ischemia.[18] A delayed return of symptoms have been reported. This results following a recurrence of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels; this effect may be due to a late release of carbon monoxide from myoglobin, which subsequently binds to hemoglobin.[3]
Cytochrome oxidase[edit]
Another mechanism involves effects on the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme chain that is responsible for effective tissue utilization of oxygen. Carbon monoxide binds to cytochrome oxidase with less affinity than oxygen, so it is possible that it requires significant intracellular hypoxia before binding.[62] This binding interferes with aerobic metabolism and efficient adenosine triphosphate synthesis. Cells respond by switching to anaerobic metabolism, causing anoxia, lactic acidosis, and eventual cell death.[63] The rate of dissociation between carbon monoxide and cytochrome oxidase is slow, causing a relatively prolonged impairment of oxidative metabolism.[17]
Central nervous system effects[edit]
The mechanism that is thought to have a significant influence on delayed effects involves formed blood cells and chemical mediators, which cause brain lipid peroxidation (degradation of unsaturated fatty acids). Carbon monoxide causes endothelial cell and platelet release of nitric oxide, and the formation of oxygen free radicals including peroxynitrite.[17] In the brain this causes further mitochondrial dysfunction, capillary leakage, leukocyte sequestration, and apoptosis.[64] The result of these effects is lipid peroxidation, which causes delayed reversible demyelinization of white matter in the central nervous system known as Grinker myelinopathy, which can lead to edema and necrosis within the brain.[58] This brain damage occurs mainly during the recovery period. This may result in cognitive defects, especially affecting memory and learning, and movement disorders. These disorders are typically related to damage to the cerebral white matter and basal ganglia.[64][65] Hallmark pathological changes following poisoning are bilateral necrosis of the white matter, globus pallidus, cerebellum, hippocampus and the cerebral cortex.[1][18][66]
Carbon monoxide poisoning in pregnant women may cause severe adverse fetal effects. Poisoning causes fetal tissue hypoxia by decreasing the release of maternal oxygen to the fetus. Carbon monoxide also crosses the placenta and combines with fetal hemoglobin, causing more direct fetal tissue hypoxia. Additionally, fetal hemoglobin has a 10 to 15% higher affinity for carbon monoxide than adult hemoglobin, causing more severe poisoning in the fetus than in the adult.[3] Elimination of carbon monoxide is slower in the fetus, leading to an accumulation of the toxic chemical.[67] The level of fetal morbidity and mortality in acute carbon monoxide poisoning is significant, so despite mild maternal poisoning or following maternal recovery, severe fetal poisoning or death may still occur.[68]
As many symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning also occur with many other types of poisonings and infections (such as the flu), the diagnosis is often difficult.[56][69] A history of potential carbon monoxide exposure, such as being exposed to a residential fire, may suggest poisoning, but the diagnosis is confirmed by measuring the levels of carbon monoxide in the blood. This can be determined by measuring the amount of carboxyhemoglobin compared to the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.[18]
As people may continue to experience significant symptoms of CO poisoning long after their blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration has returned to normal, presenting to examination with a normal carboxyhemoglobin level (which may happen in late states of poisoning) does not rule out poisoning.[70]
A CO-oximeter is used to determine carboxyhemoglobin levels.[71][72] Pulse CO-oximeters estimate carboxyhemoglobin with a non-invasive finger clip similar to a pulse oximeter.[73] These devices function by passing various wavelengths of light through the fingertip and measuring the light absorption of the different types of hemoglobin in the capillaries.[74]
The use of a regular pulse oximeter is not effective in the diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning as people suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning may have a normal oxygen saturation level on a pulse oximeter.[75] This is due to the carboxyhemoglobin being misrepresented as oxyhemoglobin.[76]
Breath CO monitoring offers a viable alternative to pulse CO-oximetry. Carboxyhemoglobin levels have been shown to have a strong correlation with breath CO concentration.[77][78] However, many of these devices require the user to inhale deeply and hold their breath to allow the CO in the blood to escape into the lung before the measurement can be made. As this is not possible in a nonresponsive patient, these devices are not appropriate for use in on-scene emergency care detection of CO poisoning.
Differential diagnosis[edit]
There are many conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning.[8][23] The earliest symptoms, especially from low level exposures, are often non-specific and readily confused with other illnesses, typically flu-like viral syndromes, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, chest pain, and migraine or other headaches.[79] Carbon monoxide has been called a "great mimicker" due to the presentation of poisoning being diverse and nonspecific.[8] Other conditions included in the differential diagnosis include acute respiratory distress syndrome, altitude sickness, lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, meningitis, methemoglobinemia, or opioid or toxic alcohol poisoning.[23]
Detection in biological specimens[edit]
Carbon monoxide may be quantitated in blood using spectrophotometric methods or chromatographic techniques in order to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in a person or to assist in the forensic investigation of a case of fatal exposure. Carboxyhemoglobin blood saturations may range up to 8–10% in heavy smokers or persons extensively exposed to automotive exhaust gases. In symptomatic poisoned people they are often in the 10–30% range, while persons who succumb may have postmortem blood levels of 30–90%.[80][81]
Naturally-occurring and beneficial effects of CO[edit]
Carbon monoxide is produced naturally by the body as a byproduct of converting protoporphyrin into bilirubin. This carbon monoxide also combines with hemoglobin to make carboxyhemoglobin, but not at toxic levels.[18] In fact exploratory therapies include administering carbon monoxide to the patient using carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. The ratio of carboxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin molecules in an average person may be up to 5%, although cigarette smokers who smoke two packs/day may have levels up to 9%.[82]
Carbon monoxide detector recommendations for buildings[edit]
Prevention remains a vital public health issue, requiring public education on the safe operation of appliances, heaters, fireplaces, and internal-combustion engines, as well as increased emphasis on the installation of carbon monoxide detectors.[6] Carbon monoxide is tasteless and odourless so can not be detected by smell.[83]
The United States Consumer Product Safety Commission has stated, "carbon monoxide detectors are as important to home safety as smoke detectors are," and recommends each home have at least one carbon monoxide detector, and preferably one on each level of the building.[84] These devices, which are relatively inexpensive[85] and widely available, are either battery- or AC-powered, with or without battery backup.[86] In buildings, carbon monoxide detectors are usually installed around heaters and other equipment. If a relatively high level of carbon monoxide is detected, the device sounds an alarm, giving people the chance to evacuate and ventilate the building.[85][87] Unlike smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors do not need to be placed near ceiling level.[88]
The use of carbon monoxide detectors has been standardized in many areas. In the USA, NFPA 720-2009,[89] the carbon monoxide detector guidelines published by the National Fire Protection Association, mandates the placement of carbon monoxide detectors/alarms on every level of the residence, including the basement, in addition to outside sleeping areas. In new homes, AC-powered detectors must have battery backup and be interconnected to ensure early warning of occupants at all levels.[89] NFPA 720-2009 is the first national carbon monoxide standard to address devices in non-residential buildings. These guidelines, which now pertain to schools, healthcare centers, nursing homes and other non-residential buildings, includes three main points:[89]
- 1. A secondary power supply (battery backup) must operate all carbon monoxide notification appliances for at least 12 hours,
- 2. Detectors must be on the ceiling in the same room as permanently installed fuel-burning appliances, and
- 3. Detectors must be located on every habitable level and in every HVAC zone of the building.
Legal requirements[edit]
The NFPA standard is not necessarily enforced by law. As of April 2006, the U.S. state of Massachusetts require detectors to be present in all residences with potential CO sources, regardless of building age and whether they are owner-occupied or rented.[90] This is enforced by municipal inspectors, and was inspired by the death of 7-year-old Nicole Garofalo in 2005 due to snow blocking a home heating vent.[91] Other jurisdictions may have no requirement or only mandate detectors for new construction or at time of sale.
Despite similar deaths in vehicles with clogged exhaust pipes (for example in the Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 and February 2013 nor'easter) and the commercial availability of the equipment, there is no legal requirement for automotive CO detectors.
Equipment maintenance[edit]
Gas organizations will often recommend to get gas appliances serviced at least once a year.[92]
Recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality guidelines for Europe 2000[edit]
The following guideline values (ppm values rounded) and periods of time-weighted average exposures have been determined in such a way that the carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) level of 2.5% is not exceeded, even when a normal subject engages in light or moderate exercise:
- 100 mg/m3 (87 ppm) for 15 min
- 60 mg/m3 (52 ppm) for 30 min
- 30 mg/m3 (26 ppm) for 1 h
- 10 mg/m3 (9 ppm) for 8 h
Recommended WHO European guidelines for indoor air quality 2010[edit]
- 7 mg/m3 (6 ppm) for 24 h (so as not to exceed 2% COHb for chronic exposure)
Initial treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning is to immediately remove the person from the exposure without endangering further people. Those who are unconscious may require CPR on site.[30] Administering oxygen via non-rebreather mask shortens the half life of carbon monoxide from 320 minutes to 80 minutes on normal air.[22] Oxygen hastens the dissociation of carbon monoxide from carboxyhemoglobin, thus turning it back into hemoglobin.[7][93] Due to the possible severe effects in the fetus, pregnant women are treated with oxygen for longer periods of time than non-pregnant people.[94]
Hyperbaric oxygen[edit]
Hyperbaric oxygen is also used in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning, as it may hasten dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin[7] and cytochrome oxidase[95] to a greater extent than normal oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen at three times atmospheric pressure reduces the half life of carbon monoxide to 23 (~80/3 minutes) minutes, compared to 80 minutes for regular oxygen.[7] It may also enhance oxygen transport to the tissues by plasma, partially bypassing the normal transfer through hemoglobin.[93] However, it is controversial whether hyperbaric oxygen actually offers any extra benefits over normal high flow oxygen, in terms of increased survival or improved long-term outcomes.[2][96][97][98][99][100] There have been randomized controlled trials in which the two treatment options have been compared;[101][102][103][104][105][106] of the six performed, four found hyperbaric oxygen improved outcome and two found no benefit for hyperbaric oxygen.[2] Some of these trials have been criticized for apparent flaws in their implementation.[107][108][109][110] A review of all the literature on carbon monoxide poisoning treatment concluded that the role of hyperbaric oxygen is unclear and the available evidence neither confirms nor denies a medically meaningful benefit. The authors suggested a large, well designed, externally audited, multicentre trial to compare normal oxygen with hyperbaric oxygen.[2]
Further treatment for other complications such as seizure, hypotension, cardiac abnormalities, pulmonary edema, and acidosis may be required. Increased muscle activity and seizures should be treated with dantrolene or diazepam; diazepam should only be given with appropriate respiratory support.[30] Hypotension requires treatment with intravenous fluids; vasopressors may be required to treat myocardial depression.[111] Cardiac dysrhythmias are treated with standard advanced cardiac life support protocols.[18] If severe, metabolic acidosis is treated with sodium bicarbonate. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate is controversial as acidosis may increase tissue oxygen availability.[112] Treatment of acidosis may only need to consist of oxygen therapy.[18][23] The delayed development of neuropsychiatric impairment is one of the most serious complications of carbon monoxide poisoning. Brain damage is confirmed following MRI or CAT scans.[17][113][114] Extensive follow up and supportive treatment is often required for delayed neurological damage.[22] Outcomes are often difficult to predict following poisoning,[115] especially people who have symptoms of cardiac arrest, coma, metabolic acidosis, or have high carboxyhemoglobin levels.[23] One study reported that approximately 30% of people with severe carbon monoxide poisoning will have a fatal outcome.[56] It has been reported that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may increase the likelihood of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.[116]
The true number of incidents of carbon monoxide poisoning is unknown, since many non-lethal exposures go undetected.[17][56] From the available data, carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common cause of injury and death due to poisoning worldwide.[117] Poisoning is typically more common during the winter months.[8][118][119][120] This is due to increased domestic use of gas furnaces, gas or kerosene space heaters, and kitchen stoves during the winter months, which if faulty and/or used without adequate ventilation, may produce excessive carbon monoxide.[8][121] Carbon monoxide detection and poisoning also increases during power outages.[122][123][124]
It has been estimated that more than 40,000 people per year seek medical attention for carbon monoxide poisoning in the United States.[125] In many industrialized countries carbon monoxide is the cause of more than 50% of fatal poisonings.[3] In the United States, approximately 200 people die each year from carbon monoxide poisoning associated with home fuel-burning heating equipment.[84] Carbon monoxide poisoning contributes to the approximately 5613 smoke inhalation deaths each year in the United States.[126] The CDC reports, "Each year, more than 500 Americans die from unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning, and more than 2,000 commit suicide by intentionally poisoning themselves."[127] For the 10-year period from 1979 to 1988, 56,133 deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning occurred in the United States, with 25,889 of those being suicides, leaving 30,244 unintentional deaths.[126] A report from New Zealand showed that 206 people died from carbon monoxide poisoning in the years of 2001 and 2002. In total carbon monoxide poisoning was responsible for 43.9% of deaths by poisoning in that country.[128] In South Korea, 1,950 people had been poisoned by carbon monoxide with 254 deaths from 2001 through 2003.[129] A report from Jerusalem showed 3.53 per 100,000 people were poisoned annually from 2001 through 2006.[130] In Hubei, China, 218 deaths from poisoning were reported over a 10-year period with 16.5% being from carbon monoxide exposure.[131]
See also[edit]
- Carbon monoxide breath monitor
- John Scott Haldane
- Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
- Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
- ^ a b c Prockop LD, Chichkova RI (Nov 2007). "Carbon monoxide intoxication: an updated review". Journal of the Neurological Sciences 262 (1–2): 122–130. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.037. PMID 17720201.
- ^ a b c d Buckley NA, Isbister GK, Stokes B, Juurlink DN (2005). "Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning: a systematic review and critical analysis of the evidence". Toxicological Reviews 24 (2): 75–92. doi:10.2165/00139709-200524020-00002. PMID 16180928.
- ^ a b c d Omaye ST (Nov 2002). "Metabolic modulation of carbon monoxide toxicity". Toxicology 180 (2): 139–50. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00387-6. PMID 12324190.
- ^ Albert Donnay (October 31, 2004). "A True Tale Of A Truly Haunted House". Ghostvillage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/enven/vol321.htm
- ^ a b Ernst A, Zibrak JD (November 1998). "Carbon monoxide poisoning". The New England Journal of Medicine 339 (22): 1603–1608. doi:10.1056/NEJM199811263392206. PMID 9828249.
- ^ a b c d Raub JA, Mathieu-Nolf M, Hampson NB, Thom SR (April 2000). "Carbon monoxide poisoning-a public health perspective". Toxicology 145 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00217-6. PMID 10771127.
- ^ a b c d e f Kao LW, Nañagas KA (March 2006). "Toxicity associated with carbon monoxide". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 26 (1): 99–125. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2006.01.005. PMID 16567227.
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External links[edit]
- Pilot study of risks and long-term effects of carbon monoxide poisoning by Brian Miller, John Ross, Laura MacCalman, Chris Burton and Claudia Pagliari. Institute of Occupational Medicine Research Report TM/11/02
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Carbon Monoxide – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic


text:
A call for change Disrespectful youth at Whistle Stop Plaza 'unacceptable'
GARY P. KLINGER Review Correspondent
, Staff Writer
Concerns have been raised regarding the atmosphere at Whistle Stop Plaza in downtown Ephrata.
At issue: bad behavior by young people in their teens and early 20s congregating in the area between the Ephrata Re-Uzit Shop and the former train station.
Two local business owners came out for Monday night's Ephrata Borough Council meeting to voice their concerns. Neither knew the other was planning to attend.
They detailed large groups of young people sitting and standing on the picnic tables, smoking, bikes and skateboards, profane language, even suggesting that drug deals are taking place. The claim is that these groups clog the area and refuse to yield to other pedestrians trying to make their way through.
Joshua Myers of The Art of Recycle was first up. He detailed what he has personally witnessed along with what has been reported to him by others. He stressed the importance of considering a wide range of ways to address the issue in order to achieve a positive outcome.
Melissa Palermo-Spero owns The Fun-est Toy Store Ever! Like Myers, she expressed concern that the bad behavior is scaring local residents and chasing away business.
"I have seen and videotaped a grave display of disrespect and intimidation from a very large group of teens and early 20 some-things," she said. "When I write it down, it does not sound so intolerable. However, their actions and attitudes create a sense of discomfort and danger for anyone walking by. I have been in communication with other business leaders and they echo the same sentiment. I do not want my children or family in the midst of this, and I certainly do not want my customers to have to navigate the minefield of spit, trash and violence to shop with me."
Palermo-Spero went on to detail physical violence at the plaza, causing police to be called in order to keep the peace.
"In the end, one person was carrying a knife," she added. "The average citizen is frightened to walk through that area. It's deplorable and unacceptable and I'm happy borough council is finally taking a stand against it. Too much time, effort and money has been poured into that space to have it once again become unusable."
The concerns raised did not fall on deaf ears, nor was this something new to borough officials. Lt. Chris McKim of the Ephrata Borough Police Department attended the meeting.
"We are aware of the situation and have been in consult with the borough solicitor, James McManus," said McKim. "Officers have been down there to speak with merchants. We know that that is like running a gauntlet. It is very congested and when people are parking there for a long period there will be bad behavior, even borderline criminal behavior."
McKim added that removing the park benches is a first step toward trying to address the concerns by making it harder and less comfortable for large groups to camp out for long periods of time. In addition, he said police will continue to build an awareness and a presence in the area to combat the situation.
Borough Manager Bob Thompson echoed McKim's thoughts on addressing the situation. He added that the picnic tables belong to the borough had been removed.
"Our concern is that if we remove the tables then bring them back for community events we will be doing nothing but shuffling tables, but this is a start," said Thompson.
Council President Dale Hertzog indicated things would change in the very near future.
"We will take this to heart," he said. "We understand this is an issue and will attack this from several different angles. You should see ramped-up efforts in the near future."
During round table comments later on in session, council member Bob Good spoke at length on his concerns for Whistle Stop Plaza. He described a visit he made earlier in the day to the area to see the situation first-hand.
"I was greeted by a chorus of obscene language and cigarette butts from approximately 10 to 15 young people 'hanging out' there," noted Good. "I felt like I was walking through a gauntlet."
Good said he had visited several local businesses, all of whom indicated the growing problem is having an adverse impact on the downtown business district. He said he heard reports of the obscene language by large gatherings that would block the thoroughfare. In addition, he heard reports of skateboarding on picnic tables, benches, even the plaza walls and the caboose. There have been reports of bicycles on top of the picnic tables and very graphic and obscene graffiti pained on the tables.
"Women, women with young children and elderly people, plus business owners, feel intimidated and feel possible retribution, both physical and with property damage," added Good."
Drug usage, distribution and sales have also been reported, as has possible gang activity.
"A lot of people have put time and effort and money to try to revitalize our downtown," said Good. "Unacceptable behavior is just that: unacceptable. This type of activity should not be tolerated when it infringes on the rights of others, scares the public or intimidates the public, stopping them from enjoying all the benefits of the downtown business district, not to mention the impact on the merchants which happen to be located in close proximity."
Good urged the matter to be taken up by both the Public Safety and Community Services committees. It is hoped that the Chamber of Commerce, the Merchants Association, DEI, the local ministerium and the police department will all be part of the solution.
"I do not want my children or family in the midst of this, and I certainly do not want my customers to have to navigate the minefield of spit, trash and violence to shop with me."
Melissa Palermo-Spero
downtown business owner
More PLAZA PROBLEMS, page A6


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Fiber Cement - Vertical Siding Panels - James Hardie
Fiber Cement - Vertical Siding Panels Fiber Cement-Vertical Siding Panels |
Fiber Cement Siding is a durable siding alternative to real wood, vinyl, and the other siding options available on the market. Fiber cement siding must be installed properly to avoid water retention or absorption problems. Care must be taken when cutting fiber cement to avoid inhaling potentially dangerous particles. The Fiber Cement - Vertical Siding Panels category on ebuild lists fiber cement siding for exterior siding applications.
Use the ebuild Specifier to narrow down your search and find fiber cement siding that fits the project requirements. You may choose fiber cement siding products from listed manufacturers, including:
You may also select values for key specifications to narrow your choices among available fiber cement siding products:
Plank Size refers to the length x width measurements of the desired product, expressed in feet.
A selection in Color/Finish will narrow the search down by the color of the unit, or whether it is primed or unfinished.
An indication in Profile will specify if the product is to be grooved or non-grooved.
Texture refers to the surface characteristics of the product with regards to appearance, feel, and imitative effect, e.g., smooth, stucco, woodgrain, etc.


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Wood Grain Powder Coating Machine Model IM 120This wood grain powder coating machine has been designed to weld the plastic film around the profile with an ultrasound system in an easy and practical way. The semi-automatic bagging machine Mod. IM 120 is composed of:
Contact us today to learn more about Decoral's exclusive wood grain machine. |


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Creating a Team Culture
High Energy Classroom Team Building: Want to build trust and respect among your co-workers and managers? This workshop can help your group identify characteristics that lead to better teamwork, help your group build more of a team atmosphere, learn how and why people act "that way" and how to deal more effectively with each other. Fun classroom team building is a fantastic way to generate a "behavior change" and build teamwork in a group of coworkers. The best way to learn is to have fun!
Fun Classroom Team Building
- Identify the characteristics of a good team
- Open up lines of communication
- Identify how each individuals actions affect the group
- Improve efficiency
The Creating a Team Culture teambuilding seminar is composed of one-hour modules, so it can be customized to fit any time-frame and can easily be tailored to the specific needs of your group. Individual classroom team building modules are perfect for breakout sessions as well. If you want to teach or reinforce personality temperament training, an alternative version of this program called Personality Traits that Influence Behavior is also available. One of our instructors can help you quickly and easily customize this program for your group.
Sample Agenda:
- Introduction: How is a Culture Created?
- 7 Ways to Build Trust & Respect
- Improving Communication and Listening
- 7 Ways to Resolve Conflicts
- Pointing Out Mistakes Indirectly
- 7 Ways to Gain Cooperation
- Anchoring Positive Behavior
- 7 Ways to Build Leaders who Inspire Teamwork
Alternate Modules:
- A Three-Step Process to Persuade Individuals and Groups
- Improve Your Memory 10-Fold in Minutes
- 10 Ways to Eliminate Presentation Fear
- Leading Powerful Meetings
- Problem Solving Made Easy
- How to Remember Names
- Adding Energy and Enthusiasm to Projects
- Gain a Consensus
- Thinking and Speaking Under Pressure
- Personality Temperaments
- Adding Fun to Tough Jobs
For More Information or to Request a Quote…
Need Something a Little Different?Want Something Specific, or Need Help Deciding? Let Our Instructors Know What You Need or Send an RFP by Clicking Here.


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Mississippi Senate candidates brawl in ad war
The Mississippi Senate race's ad war between Sen. Thad Cochran and challenger Chris McDaniel got uglier Tuesday.
They traded ads that involve the incident involving Cochran's bedridden wife, Rose. She was photographed in a nursing home by a blogger who supports McDaniel. Clayton Kelly has been arrested and now faces felony charges.
Cochran struck first with his ad.
"It's the worst: Chris McDaniel's supporter charged with a felony for posting video of Sen. Thad Cochran's wife in a nursing home? Had enough?" it asks.
Tuesday, McDaniel fought back, releasing his own ad: "Newspapers called them shameless," he said of Cochran's attacks. "I call them outrageous."
The primary is June 3.
Join the Discussion
Miami Herald is pleased to provide this opportunity to share information, experiences and observations about what's in the news. Some of the comments may be reprinted elsewhere on the site or in the newspaper. We encourage lively, open debate on the issues of the day, and ask that you refrain from profanity, hate speech, personal comments and remarks that are off point. Thank you for taking the time to offer your thoughts.


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This is an activity about image resolution. Learners will recreate a solar image taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) using various sizes of building bricks, and discuss how their recreations relate to image resolution. Learners will also... (View More) compare SDO images to solar images from older spacecraft to see how improved technology helps scientists learn more about the Sun. (View Less)
This activity is about planetary rovers. Learners will simulate the challenges in communications that engineers face when driving a rover on Mars. They will particpate as part of a rover team to design and execute a series of commands that will... (View More) guide a rover made of people through an obstacle course simulating the Martian surface. Students will learn the limitations of operating a planetary rover and problem solving solutions by using this simulation. The lesson models the engineering design process using the 5E instructional model and includes teacher notes, vocabulary, student journal and reading. (View Less)
This activity is about rocket shape and performance. Learners will test a rocket model and predict its motion. They will launch their rocket multiple times, make observations and record the distance it traveled. They will have the opportunity to... (View More) answer a research question by collecting and analyzing data related to finding out the best nose cone length and predicting the motion of their model rockets. The lesson models the engineering design process using the 5E instructional model and includes teacher notes, vocabulary, student journal and reading. (View Less)
This is an activity about spacecraft design. Teams of learners will model how scientists and engineers design and build spacecraft to collect, store, and transmit data to earth. Teams will design a system to store and transmit topographic data of... (View More) the Moon and then analyze that data and compare it to data collected by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter . (View Less)
This is an activity about size and scale. Learners will construct a 3-D model scale model of one of the MMS satellites. After, they will calculate the octagonal area of the top and bottom of the satellites, given the measurements of the satellite.... (View More) Then, learners will compare the octagonal cross-section area of the satellites with the circular cross-section area of the launch vehicle to determine if the eight-sided spacecraft will fit the circular rocket hull. This is lesson one as part of the MMS Mission Educator's Instructional Guide. (View Less)
The total amount of water on Earth, the places in which it is found and the percentages of fresh vs. salt are examined in this lesson. A short demonstration allows students to visualize the percentage differences and a coloring exercise illustrates... (View More) locations. This lesson uses the 5E instructional model. All background information, student worksheets and images/photographs/data are included in these downloadable sections: Teacher's Guide, Student Capture Sheet and PowerPoint Presentation. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
In this activity, students will watch a short video on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, learn about the parts of the satellite, and then construct their own edible model of GPM. This lesson uses the 5E instructional model and is... (View More) part of the Survivor: Earth series of ten lessons. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
This activity allows participants to build a paper model of the GPM Core Observatory and learn about the technology the satellite uses to measure precipitation from space. Directions explain how to cut, fold and glue the individual pieces together... (View More) to make the model. The accompanying information sheet has details about the systems in the satellite including the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI), the High Gain Antenna, avionics and star trackers, propulsion system and solar array, as well as a math connection and additional engineering challenges. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
In this activity, students face an engineering challenge based on real-world applications. They are tasked with developing a tool they can use to measure the amount of rain that falls each day. Students will find out why freshwater is important,... (View More) learn about the water cycle, and the need to have a standard form of calibration for measurement tools. They will learn that keeping track of precipitation is important, and learn a little bit about how NASA's GPM satellite measures precipitation from space. This lesson uses the 5-E instructional model. (View Less)
Learners create art inspired by authentic NASA planetary image data while learning to recognize the geology on planetary surfaces, uniquely inspiring learner engagement. This presentation and accompanying activity use the elements of art - shape,... (View More) line, color, texture, value - to make sense of features in NASA images, honing observation skills and inspiring questions. It aligns with the NGSS cross-cutting concept of Patterns. Videos, images, and an interactive poster that breaks down activity elements deepen user access. (View Less)


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High dielectric permittivity and low percolation threshold in polymer composites based on SiC-carbon nanotubes micro/nano hybrid


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Technology Investor Forum 2015
- Science & Technology
- 17900 Jamboree Road Irvine, CA 92614, US
In the past three months, approximately 300 million cell phones were sold – or one cell phone for every 22 people on the face of the planet. In 2003, 60% of the world's population had a mobile cell signal, in 2013, 95% of the world's population has cellular service. Given the current growth, in the next 12 months, the data equivalent of the entire library of congress will be accessed through mobile devices.
Mobile technology has rapidly expanded beyond cellular communications into fast changing areas such as mobile application development, mobile marketing and machine-to-machine communications. These developments create business opportunities that are some of the biggest and best in business today.
At OCTANe and M2 Catalyst's second annual OC Mobile conference, we will discuss the most significant areas of development and change, their inherent business opportunities, and highlight companies responsible for the rapid evolution of mobile technologies and applications. Last year's program sold out, so register early to ensure your spot as we examine the trends, identify the opportunities, and preview the mobile technologies born out of Orange County and destined to impact the global economy. This is one of OCTANe's most notable and in demand programs.
OCTANe is honored to have Gary Jabara, Founder and CEO of Mobilitie, as our opening keynote speaker. Based in Newport Beach, CA, Mobilitie is the nation's largest privately held wireless infrastructure provider investing in wireless towers, neutral-host indoor and outdoor Distributed Antenna Systems networks, small cell systems, and Wi-Fi networks enabling robust wireless communication. Mobilitie installs and operates wireless infrastructure designed to meet the needs of wireless carriers and venues across all industries, including sporting and entertainment, real estate, hospitality, education, healthcare and government. Mobilitie is one of Orange County's fastest growing and most lauded high technology companies. Mr. Jabara will address how Mobilitie enables the connectivity that has become a vital component of daily life, and how Mobilitie works with venues and wireless carriers to ensure their customers are better connected.
OCTANe is also pleased to have Fabrice Hoerner, Senior Manager in Technical Marketing at Qualcomm as another keynote presenter. For more than 25 years, Qualcomm ideas and inventions have driven the evolution of digital communications, linking people everywhere more closely to information, entertainment and each other. Although best known for cellphone chipset technology, increasingly Qualcomm has been developing mobile technology to connect sensors and devices of all types with applications and consumer services that can communicate over a common communications protocol. The Internet of Everything (IoE) is changing our world and the effect on our daily life will be profound, marking a new era of opportunity for people, for businesses, and for cities: when smart things discover each other and interact, it enables a new breed of apps and services that transform our connected experiences and enhance our digital lifestyle. That's why Qualcomm is creating the fabric of the Internet of Everything, breathing new life into familiar devices and making our homes "smarter" so that we can enjoy greater convenience, choice and simplicity. In this keynote, we will discuss the new opportunities created by the Internet of Everything and the underlying technology platforms that will make them a reality, with a focus on the connected home.
12:00 - 12:30p.m. Registration & Lunch
12:30 - 1:00 Keynote: Mobilitie - Gary Jabara
1:00 - 2:00 Mobile Devices & The Work Place Panel
2:00 - 2:30 Startup Company Presentations
2:30 - 2:35 App Developers Alliance Overview
2:35 - 2:50 Break
2:50 - 3:20 Startup Presentations
3:20 - 4:20 Mobile Marketing Panel
4:20 - 4:50 Keynote: Qualcomm - Fabrice Hoerner
4:50 - 5:00 Closing Comments
5:00 - 6:00 Cocktail Reception
Valet parking, lunch and light appetizers will be provided.
Promote Your Mobile or Tech Company by Texting OCMOBILE to 78453 For Your Chance to Win a Premier Showcase Table!
Mobile Marketing Panel
As mobile devices continue to evolve with new and powerful technologies, there are fresh and exciting opportunities for marketers to disrupt the traditional approaches to marketing. With representation from across the mobile marketing landscape, panelist include senior marketing executives of major brands, mobile specific and traditional agencies. This panel promises to share best practices in mobile marketing, connecting and learning from experts and peers in the industry and hear first-hand future opportunities for marketing using mobile media channels.
Mobile Devices & The Workplace Panel
Mobile devices have changed the enterprise IT landscape dramatically over the last five years and the complexities are increasing exponentially, as are opportunities for entrepreneurs. According to Forrester Research, 60% of tablet owners and 55% of smartphone owners have selected their own device to use for work purposes. As employees bring their own devices to work, they bring the potential for great cost savings and improved productivity, but also security threats and potential technical issues. The OCMobile panelists for "Mobile Devices and The Workplace", will explore and discuss the benefits, issues and opportunities raised by the emerging mobile enterprise landscape.
Fabrice Hoerner - Technical Marketing, Senior Manager, Qualcomm
Fabrice Hoerner is part of Qualcomm's Corporate Technical Marketing team, where he analyzes the impact of emerging tech trends on Qualcomm's business over a five year horizon - with a focus on the Internet of Everything and the Connected Home. Fabrice is also in charge of Qualcomm's messaging in these two areas. Prior to joining Qualcomm, Fabrice worked for Orange Business Services, leading B2B sales initiatives and negotiating contracts worth several million euros. Fabrice received an MBA from the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business, with concentrations in Strategic Management, Accounting and Economics and a Master's Degree from Ecole Superieure d'Electricite (Supelec) with a concentration in Information Systems and Networks.
Gary Jabara - Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Mobilitie
Prior to founding Mobilitie, Gary was a Partner at Deloitte & Touche and the firm's Partner-in-Charge of Wireless Real Estate and Infrastructure. Gary leads the firm in its quest to fulfill its mission and vision of being the most innovative and open infrastructure firm in the world. While at Deloitte, Gary oversaw the negotiation of over $10 billion of telecommunication infrastructure assets on behalf of the Big Six Wireless Carriers. He also led the firm's National Practice for Capital Projects Advisory Services, and advised Global Fortune 100 firms on the efficient deployment of their capital. Gary has 23 years of experience in the mobile communication industry, starting with the Los Angeles Cellular Telephone Company, a McCaw Cellular/BellSouth joint venture, where he led the firm's real estate division and was responsible for all aspects of site acquisition, budgeting, engineering, and development.
Riza Ayson - Co-Founder & Chief Marketing Officer ,TextingForward.com, LLC
Riza Ayson, co-founder and Chief Marketing Officer of TextingForward.com – a mobile marketing company, has over 15 years of agency and media sales experience. She has worked for media outlets such as Tribune Broadcasting, Advanced Digital (a division of the New House Publishing Group) and Internet Broadcasting Systems-where she was an online consultant, showing companies how to monetize their websites.
Dan Bishop - Director of Mobile, Social & Emerging Media Strategy & Acquisition, Experian Consumer Services (ECS).
This is a newly formed group, with Dan's arrival, and he is responsible for developing the strategy and architecture for scaling these channels into major growth and retention levers for ECS' current and future business model and in doing so, ensuring that an optimal user experience is at the forefront of everything. Prior to ECS, Dan spent 3 years with Intuit, where he managed Social, Mobile & Emerging Media Strategy and Acquisition for its largest revenue division, Consumer Group (TurboTax). In this role he was responsible for mapping out and optimizing Intuit's growth channels while continuously testing and scaling new technology platforms that laddered to the business.
Michael Brough - CEO, M2Catalyst
Michael Brough is the CEO and Co-Founder of M2Catalyst, LLC which develops carrier grade mobile apps and global channels of distribution for mobile software. Michael is a mobile industry veteran with extensive business planning experience. As Sr. Director of Carrier and OEM sales at SMSI (NASDAQ) from 2006-2011 he achieved over $100M in personal software license sales and the best company sales performance for 2011. Michael was also Founder and CEO of NetGUI from 2000-2006.
Craig Cooke - CEO & Co-Founder
, Rhythm Interactive
Craig brings more than 20 years of interactive, marketing and management experience to Rhythm Interactive. As CEO, Craig drives the direction of the company through his vision, strategic development and execution. He is actively involved in marketing initiatives, research and development, business development, vendor selection and strategic partner development. He also participates in hiring, organizing project teams and producing high-quality solutions that deliver true value to clients. Craig takes a consultative approach to problem solving with clients. Essentially, he believes in helping people, delivering quality, demanding excellence and being accountable.
Chelsea Larson-Andrews - Director of Marketing, App Developers Alliance
Chelsea Larson-Andrews is the Director of Marketing at the App Developers Alliance. She is responsible for brand enrichment, events, and coordinating marketing opportunities for Alliance members. Before arriving at the Apps Alliance, Chelsea co-founded design3, a game development software training portal with thousand of online training tutorials. Chelsea earned a master's in Women's Studies (emphasis in multi-cultural education) and a bachelor's in Applied Design from San Diego State University.
Andrew Maltin - Founder, Hang w/
Andrew is Founder and CEO of Hang With, Inc.. Hang w/ is the premier live streaming, social media platform with over 1 Million users in 9 months. Prior to Hang w/, he co-founded MEDL Mobile, a mobile incubator and development company that has architected, developed, acquired, marketed and launched hundreds of mobile applications with tens of millions of users – for companies such as Hyundai, Experian, New York Times and Taco Bell, and celebrities including Marlee Matlin, Pauly D, Sarah Silverman, and Cheech and Chong. Mr. Maltin has founded and successfully exited several technology ventures and has been featured in Entrepreneur, USA Today, Success, The Wall Street Journal and The LA Times.
Hank Mondaca - Mobile Solutions Specialist, Sonic Mobile
Hank provides mobile education and consulting services to marketing professionals, SMB owners and entrepreneurs. As an advocate for smart, effective mobile marketing channels, Hank leads workshops and speaks about how to grow your business with Mobile Marketing techniques. An entrepreneur in the Marketing & Advertising industry for 19 years, Hank has vast experience in not only the technological aspect of Mobile Marketing, but also the ability of how to apply this medium to maximize your marketing results. Hank's unique online presence and his ability to educate business professionals in the mobile realm has earned him the nickname "The Mobile Marketer".
David Perry - Partner, K&L Gates
David Perry is a partner in K&L Gates' Orange County office, where he represents individuals and companies involved in a wide array of business transactions, with a focus on complex financial and technology commercialization arrangements. His representation includes the initial financing transactions, mergers and acquisitions, as well as ongoing business operational issues and financial transactions. David represents "emerging" or startup ventures in various areas including financing matters, technology licensing arrangements, as well as agreements providing for the protection of intellectual property. These companies are involved in diverse areas such as advanced coating technology, data protection and management, and biotechnology related activities.
Hector Rodriguez - National Director for Microsoft's Health & Life Sciences Industry Technology Unit, Microsoft
As a member of Microsoft's industry leadership team, Hector focuses on the development and deployment of "go to market" Health IT solutions, devices and overall strategies. His team works with healthcare customers and partners to drive Health IT as a strategic business service that enables cost reduction while improving patient experiences and the quality of care. Hector works extensively with industry groups including WEDI-SNIP, HL/7, AHIP, HIMSS, HITRUST and CAQH/CORE and is currently a board member of the Samueli Institute. Hector began his career in 1982 as a software engineer at Bell Research Laboratories and has 30+ years of IT experience. Hector has an M.B.A. in Management Finance and Entrepreneurship and a B.S. in Computer Science.
Ayan Roy - Principal, Ernst & Young
Ayan is a Principal at EY with extensive experience in a wide variety of information security and information technology advisory activities for a wide range of clients. He has worked on a number of Identity and Access Management (IAM) engagements and presently serves as the sub-‐competency leader for IAM within the Information Security Center of Excellence.
Dinesh Srirangpatna - Research Manager, International Data Corporation (IDC)
Dinesh Srirangpatna is a Research Manager at IDC covering software and services - cloud, mobility, big data and social for clients like HP, Samsung, Xerox. He is a respected thought leader, often consulted on product launches and asked to provide expert opinion on state of industry. Mopria alliance - a global non profit alliance driving mobile printing encompassing HP, Samsung, Xerox, Canon as members quotes him as an industry expert. He provides both business and architectural guidance based on his prior experience in firms like Samsung, HP in roles spanning Strategy Manager, Project Manager and Architect. He speaks at industry events and worldwide webinars covering technology trends, user adoption, business drivers and business model. He has a patent pending at US PTO.
Startup Companies:
A healthcare information company leveraging advances in smart-phone and next generation technologies to provide consumers easy to understand, authoritative Health and Wellness information at the push of a button. Developer of the premier mHealth product, MedZam™, a physician-designed, easy-to-use App that helps you manage your health whenever you need it, wherever you are. Aliviar Health delivers diagnostic tools and actionable information via its expanding suite of MedZam Apps that will be fully integrated with the MedZam website. Currently available: MedZam Headache and Concussion; future releases: Cough & Cold, Strep Throat and Flu Apps with many others in development.
Hang w/ allows anyone on the planet to connect LIVE with fans, friends and family via streaming broadcast video. Hundreds, thousands, even millions can watch the same broadcast stream simultaneously - and even chat amongst each other - while it is happening LIVE. The platform was released to the public in March and quickly shot to the top 30 in Social Media on the Apple App Store. An Android release is weeks away. The platform is built around an integrated advertising model that financially rewards the broadcasters for creating content. Celebrity, Musician and Pro-Athlete talent have signed on to use and promote the platform. Learn more at www.hangwith.com
Visual Mobile Technologies delivers: vMobile, a powerful, comprehensive collaboration tool transforming how businesses collaborate, communicate, capture, catalog and share digital media content. vMobile delivers mobile Collaboration and Social Networking for Enterprise Field Enablement. We provide the platform for multiple people to share images, video and other files with each other whether at their desk or in the field. vMobile is a cloud-hosted Collaborative Video-as-a-Service (CVaaS).
TrafIQ greatly increases capacity on overloaded wireless networks. Wireless operators are struggling to handle the explosive growth in data traffic on their networks. TrafIQ accurately predicts network performance at future traffic levels, allowing wireless network operators to determine precisely when and where capacity (new cell sites, radio equipment, spectrum) will need to be added or removed from their networks, far more accurately than existing planning and optimization methods. With TrafIQ, operators can identify simple, low cost ways to squeeze more capacity from their existing network assets. These changes can be made proactively before the customer experiences any degradation due to increasing traffic.
M2AppMonitor is a crowd-sourced app performance monitor and app recommendation engine for smart phones and tablets. The app tracks and monitors every app's behavior on a user's device to inform users and developers of potential efficiency and behavioral issues. The app collects over 70 app performance metrics ranging from battery, data, memory, CPU, crashes, storage issues, and more. In addition to alerting consumers to bad apps, M2AppMonitor recommends better and more efficient apps. As an intelligent app recommendation engine, the software generates revenues for wireless carriers, device OEM's and app stores.
M2Money is an innovative mobile wallet solution sparked by MasterCard's Open API structure presentation at OC Mobile 2013. The Android app, developed by a team of engineering students from UC Irvine and sponsored and managed by M2Catalyst, acts as a mobile device credit card with the purpose to have a more controlled payment solution. Initially targeting colleges, parents can now quickly add money and oversee their son's or daughter's spending accounts, providing parents with more control over their family's finances.
For sponsorship opportunities please contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Check out our new conference website here http://www.ocmobile.org/
Promote Your Mobile or Tech Company by Texting OCMOBILE to 78453 For Your Chance to Win a Premier Showcase Table!
OCTANe connects people and ideas with capital and resources to fuel technology industry growth in Orange County.
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