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A Package from Christos: Greek Sandals & Oud Cuir d'Arabie
A More Affordable Olfactionary
Amouage Interlude Man
Amouage Opus III
Amouage Opus V
Amouage Opus VIAmouage Tribute
Annick Goutal Encens FlamboyantAnnick Goutal Heure Exquise
Annick Goutal Petite Cherie Annick Goutal Sables April Aromatics Calling All AngelsApril Aromatics Bohemian Spice
April Aromatics JasminaApril Aromatics Nectar of Love
At the Moment (Chanel 22 & Marshall Crenshaw)
At the Moment (Contemplating Change & Habit Rouge)
At the Moment (Marron Chic & Paris)
At the Moment (More Midsummer Delights/Epic/Geisha Noire)
At the Moment (Saki & Lubin Idole edt)
At the Moment (Secret de Suzanne /D'Orsay L'Intrigante)At the Moment (Spring Pretties/Un Air de Samsara)
At the Moment (Summery Things...Love Coconut)
At the Moment (Vera Wang & Fireman's Fair novel)Ava Luxe Café Noir
Bond No. 9 Andy Warhol Silver Factory
By Kilian Forbidden Games and In the City of Sin
Capote, Truman & Evening in Paris
Carner Barcelona D600Caron Aimez-Moi
Chantilly Dusting PowderClive Christian C for Women
Comme des Garcons DaphneComme des Garcons LUXE Champaca
Comme des Garcons Series 7 Sweet Nomad Tea
Costes by CostesCreed Virgin Island Water
DSH Perfumes Quinacridone Violet
DeneuveDevilscent Project
Estee Lauder Private Collection
Estee Lauder Private Collection Jasmine White Moss
Etat Libre d'Orange Rien, Rossy de Palma & Noel au Balcon
Frederic Malle Angeliques Sous La Pluie
Frederic Malle Bigarade Concentrée
Frederic Malle Geranium Pour Monsieur
Frederic Malle Le Parfum de Therese
Frederic Malle Portrait of a Lady
Frederic Malle Une Fleur de Cassie
Ghosts of Perfumes Past, Present & Future
Gucci Eau de Parfum Gucci L'Arte di Gucci Guerlain Aqua Allegoria Lys SoleiaGuerlain Aroma Allegoria Exaltant
Guerlain Encens Mythique d'Orient
Guerlain Samsara Parfum
Guy Laroche J'ai Ose (vintage)
Histoires de Parfums Blanc Violette
Histoires de Parfums Vert Pivoine
Hometown Portrait, State College, PA
How I Store Decants
Il Profumo Cannabis
In Memory (w/mention of Lanvin Arpege)
Jacomo #09 (Link to my review in Sniffapalooza Magazine)
Jo Malone Saffron Cologne Intense
Kenzo Jungle l'Elephant
Kenzo Summer
L'Artisan Parfumeur Nuit de Tubereuse
L'Artisan Parfumeur Orchidee Blanche
L'Artisan Parfumeur Passage d'Enfer
L'Artisan Parfumeur Seville a l'Aube
L'Artisan Parfumeur Tea for Two
La Via del Profumo Balsamo Della Mecca
La Via del Profumo Hindu Kush La Via del Profumo Milano CaffeLa Via del Profumo Oud Caravan Project
Maison Francis Kurkdjian Absolue Pour le Soir
Maison Martin Margiela (untitled) eau de parfum
Maitre Parfumeur et Gantier Eau des Iles
Montale Black Aoud
More Roses (rose cookie recipe)
My Heart Has Skipped a Beat (summer smells)
Neila Vermeire Creations Bombay BlingNina Ricci L'Air du Temps
Nez a Nez Ambre a Sade
Northern Exposure "A Dash of Chanel No. 5"
Odin 04 Petrana (Link to my review in Sniffapalooza Magazine)
Olivier Durbano Black Tourmaline
Omar Sharif Pour FemmeOriscent Pure Oud Oils
Oscar de la Renta Oscar for Men
O Tannenbaum Joint Blog Project
Parfum d'Empire AzemourParfum d'Empire Cuir Ottoman
Parfum d'Empire 3 FleursParfumerie Generale Bois de Copaiba
Parfumerie Generale IndochineParfumerie Generale Un Crime Exotique
Parfums de Nicolai Sacrebleu
Parfums Karl Lagerfeld Sun Moon Stars
Parfums Retro Grand Cuir Paris, je t'aimePascal Morabito Or Black
Perfume Quotes - The English Patient
Prince Matchabelli Aviance Cologne (vintage)
Puredistance OparduRamon Monegal Cherry Musk
Regina Harris Amber Vanilla Perfume Oil
Regina Harris Frankincense-Myrrh-Rose Maroc Perfume Oil
Robert Piguet Fracas
Sarah Horowitz Parfums' Joy Comes From Within & Beauty Comes From Within
Scentuous Reading: One Hundred Years of Solitude
Serge Lutens Borneo 1834Serge Lutens Boxeuses
Serge Lutens Fille en Aiguilles
Serge Lutens Five O'Clock Au Gingembre
Serge Lutens Muscs Koublai Khan
Serge Lutens Tubereuse Criminelle
Serge Lutens Un Lys
Sonoma Scent Studio Incense Pure
Sonoma Scent Studio Jour Ensoleille
Sonoma Scent Studio Voile de VioletteSonoma Scent Studio Winter Woods (brief mention)
SoOud Ouris Parfum Nectar
Stone Harbor, NJ Vacaton pix (non-perfume related)Strange Invisible Perfumes Lyric Rain
Tauer Perfumes: Incense Extrême, Incense Rosé, Lonestar Memories, & Reverie au Jardin
The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay
The Diary of a Nose, Book ReviewThe Different Company Jasmin de Nuit
The Intimacy of Scent
Thoughts of a Perfume Collector
TightlyTokyo Milk Ex Libris
Unlocking an Unknown: Webber Parfum 6T
Velvet & Sweet Pea's Purrfumery Bed of Roses
Venimus Vidimus Vicimus, or How 3 Perfume Bloggers and a Husband Took Rome
Vero Profumo Kiki, Onda, and Rubj
Vero Profumo Mito Viktoria Minya Eau de Hongrie Viktoria Minya HedonistViktor & Rolfe Flowerbomb
What I'm Lovin' Now
Xerjoff Mamluk
YOSH Perfumes Ginger Ciao
Yves Saint Laurent Nu
Over the course of my life I have received four or five bottles of perfume as gifts, most of them from men who knew me well and who presented me these perfumes with such love and kindness in their hearts, I really did feel an appreciative thrill when I received them. It always surprised me, though, how their selections seemed to run opposite my tastes; not that they could have known what my tastes in fragrance were: I never articulated them, and in the case of these earliest gifts, I'm not sure I had even defined them for myself.
My father was the first man to buy me fragrance; I was around fourteen at the time, and for Christmas he gave me a gift set of Estee Lauder Cinnabar (my two sisters received White Linen and Aliage). He watched me open it and dab its clove-heavy scent on my wrists, and when I smiled my appreciation back to him, he said, "I thought you'd like it—it suits your personality." I wasn't exactly sure what he meant, but felt flattered that he considered me grown up enough to wear a scent that smelled so sophisticated beyond my years—even if, secretly, I did not care for it. To my teenage nose, it smelled suffocatingly spicy, and though I tried to love it, it did not take long before the "sophisticated" of my original assessment was replaced with "old." Of course, I never told my lovely father that I didn't actually care for Cinnabar, but instead left him to believe that I was hoarding the fragrance for special occasions—even though I've never been able to hoard anything (I was never good at parceling out sweets or chewing gum, like my sisters, who could make them last for weeks). My Cinnabar gift set lasted through my college years, and eventually I used the remainder of it up by putting a few drops in the washing machine every time I did laundry.
After college, when I was making my own way in the world and could hardly afford perfume, I received my second Christmas-gift bottle of fragrance, this one from a boyfriend I'd been seeing for several months. I remember how excited I was, fingering the wrapping paper and knowing it was perfume—an easy guess from the size and shape of the box—and then I tore it open to find…Opium. YSL Opium, the only fragrance on the planet to bear such a striking resemblance to the Estee Lauder Cinnabar that had previously taken me a full seven years to use up. A fragrance possibly even more spicy than Cinnabar! "I loooove this stuff," my boyfriend told me, adding, "It really seems like you." "Like my personality?" I said, knowing he probably wasn't referring to my WASPy, blue-eyed looks. "Yeah," he said as he took the bottle from my hand and gently sprayed some on my neck.
I'm not sure why a good many of the men in my life have pegged me as the Oriental-spicy type, because I always imagined someone with that personality to be at least a little bit vampish, which I'm not. I do have a voyeuristic fascination with vamps and vixens, not to mention the Orient itself, so maybe I was putting out some energy that signaled those gifts to me. At any rate, the point I'm really trying to get to (and which, in typical fashion, I've buried under this long preamble) is this: after spending most of my teens and early twenties trying to use up these bottles of the most killer spices this side of a Szechuan wok, it was a good long time before I would consider an Oriental fragrance again. Sometime in my late twenties, I bought a bottle of Lancôme Magie Noire for my mother that I thought was beyond wonderful—on her, not me. For myself, it would take a decade of living through the wretched, mass-market aquatic fragrances of the 1990s before I realized that it wouldn't be such a bad thing to smell something on the likes of Cinnabar again. Something dark and sizzling, but with a lot less clove.
Ask and you shall receive, said the genie in the bottle that is Perfume, in all her many guises and incarnations. In 2005, I discovered the perfume blogs and the vast treasure of shared perfume knowledge, as rich as all the treasures of the Orient itself. In a short time, I acquired bottles of Donna Karan Black Cashmere, Montale Black Aoud, and Jean Desprez Bal a Versailles. Still, I mostly tiptoed around the orientals, and today, after three years of collecting, they comprise only a small part of my perfume cupboard. It's usually the floral-orientals that get the purchasing nod from me, or the gourmand-orientals. I favor those with Indian spices—the cardamom, cumin, saffron numbers that smell like warm bodies—over those with the red-hot smell of cinnamon, ginger and cloves. (There are exceptions, of course, one of them being Geisha Rouge, which I'm likely to buy soon). I find that nutmeg is yummy, but pepper is iffy: it can go either way in the love-it, hate-it camp.
But the formulation that takes an Oriental from good to really great, in my opinion, is a bit of leather and a bent towards the Chypre direction. Case in point: Guerlain Parure, which is the oriental I think I could wear into my dotage, if only it weren't discontinued and almost impossible to find these days. Parure was created by Jean-Paul Guerlain in 1975, and it takes its name from a jeweler's term referring to a matched set of jewelry: a matching necklace, bracelet and earrings, for example. The fragrance is as elegant and old-worldly charming as its name: this is an oriental that smells, like all orientals, dark and complex, only you won't find any vampishness here. This is the smell of ravishing, raven-haired beauty on display, but at the same time, contained. What it reminds me of most—and I am working from distant memory here, so I hope that memory hasn't failed me—is of how Clinique Aromatics Elixir could have smelled if the perfumer had exercised a great deal of restraint. Guerlain Parure is an intricate aroma of spiced plums lying on a deep bed of soft, suede leather and oakmoss, with a tickle of lilac and rose. If I had received this gorgeously-restrained oriental as a gift way back when, I might be on my third or fourth bottle by now, with none of it ending up in the wash water. But as it is, I am happy to have a small decant of this incredible scent, which I will wear with regularity until every last drop is gone.
All I Am - A Redhead
A Perfume Blog (Blacknall Allen)
Another Perfume Blog (Natalie)
Ars Aromatica
Australian Perfume Junkies
Beauty on the Outside
Bloody Frida
Bois de Jasmin
Bonkers About Perfume
Ca Fleure Bon
ChickenFreak's Obsessions
Eyeliner on a Cat
Fragrance Bouquet
From Top to Bottom - Perfume Patter
Giovanni Sammarco (artisanal perfumer) blog
Grain de Musc
I Smell Therefore I Am
Katie Puckrik Smells
Memory of Scent
Muse in Wooden Shoes
Nathan Branch
Natural Perfumery by Salaam
Notes on Shoes, Cake & Perfume
Notes From Josephine
Notes From the Ledge
Now Smell This
Oh, True Apothecary!
Olfactoria's Travels
Parfumistans blogg
Perfume Posse
Perfume Shrine
Perfume-Smellin' Things
Purple Paper Planes
Redolent of Spices
Riktig Parfym: Ramblings of a Fragrant Fanatic
Scented Salamander
Scents of Place
Scents of Self
Smelly Blog
Sorcery of Scent
Sweet Diva
The Alembicated Genie
The Candy Perfume Boy
The Fragrant Man
The French Exit
The Non-Blonde
The Perfume Magpie
The Scented Hound
The Sounds of Scent
The Vintage Perfume Vault
This Blog Really Stinks
Undina's Looking Glass
WAFT by Carol
Yesterday's Perfume

subset: commoncrawl


text: FLW"Funny Little Wars," by Padre Paul Wright, rules and resource for 54mm Garden/Table Top wargames in the (updated) style of HG Wells. Available only from link Original definition 30 December 2010 10:03 AM by The Virtual Armchair General . Last revised 30 December 2010 8:26 AM by Midpoint . |


text:
THE ULTIMATE METS DATABASE IS NOT AFFILIATED IN ANY WAY WITH THE N.Y. METS OR MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL. | Privacy Statement |
Mets Statistics |
Situational Statistics |
Mike Scott vs. the Mets |
Mike Scott vs. Other Teams |
Ballpark Statistics |
Monthly Statistics |
Game Log |
Pitching Decisions |
Memories of Mike Scott |
Mets Pitching Statistics | Mets Batting Statistics | Minor League Statistics |
Batter/PItcher Matchups |
Mike Scott
Ultimate Mets Database popularity ranking: 211 of 992 players Born: April 26, 1955 at Santa Monica, Cal. Throws: Right Bats: Right Height: 6.03 Weight: 215 |
First Mets game: April 18, 1979 Last Mets game: September 17, 1982 |
Winner of National League Cy Young award, 1986. (Houston Astros)
Uniform Number: |
Mike Scott also played for the following team:
Selected by New York Mets organization in second round of free agent draft on June 8, 1976.
Traded by the New York Mets to the Houston Astros in exchange for Danny Heep on December 10, 1982. |
Click the icon to see a graph of Mike Scott's batting, slugging, and on base percentages
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Loading... Learning Processing: A Beginner's Guide to Programming Images,…by Daniel Shiffman
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References to this work on external resources. Wikipedia in English (2)Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0123736021, Paperback)This book teaches you the basic building blocks of programming needed to create cutting-edge graphics applications including interactive art, live video processing, and data visualization.A unique lab-style manual, the book gives graphic and web designers, artists, and illustrators of all stripes a jumpstart on working with the Processing programming environment by providing instruction on the basic principles of the language, followed by careful explanations of select advanced techniques. Within these pages, ITP (Tisch School of the Arts, New York University) professor Daniel Shiffman demonstrates the fundamentals of programming that will expand your understanding of what is possible in the world of computer graphics. By travelling beyond the confines of proprietary software, you will be empowered to create your own custom design tools. * A friendly start-up guide to Processing, the visual artist's free, open-source alternative to expensive software and daunting programming languages. * No previous experience required-this book is for the true programming beginner! * Step-by-step examples, thorough explanations, hands-on exercises, and simple code samples support your learning curve. Source code and supplemental tutorials are also available through an online companion site. (retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 13:52:18 -0400) No library descriptions found. |
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text:
Based on the aggregated intelligence of 180,000-plus investors participating in Motley Fool CAPS, the Fool's free investing community, satellite radio services specialist Sirius XM Radio (NASDAQ: SIRI ) has received a distressing two-star ranking.
With that in mind, let's take a closer look at Sirius, and see what CAPS investors are saying about the stock right now.
Sirius facts
Headquarters (founded) |
New York (1990) |
Market Cap |
$20.3 billion |
Industry |
Cable and satellite |
Trailing-12-Month Revenue |
$3.4 billion |
Management |
CEO James Meyer (since 2012) Chief Content Officer Scott Greenstein (since 2004) |
Return on Equity (average, past 3 years) |
10.8% |
Cash/Debt |
$521.0 million / $2.4 billion |
Competitors |
Apple CBS Pandora Media |
On CAPS, 28% of the 786 All-Star members who have rated Sirius believe the stock will underperform the S&P 500 going forward.
Just last month, one of those Fools, Gibybo, touched on Sirius' seemingly lofty valuation:
Earnings are roughly $400M (after adjusting for the $3B income tax adjustment a few quarters ago), so [$20B market cap] is a pretty high multiple of that. That would imply some pretty aggressive growth prospects, but I'm not sure what that would be. Satellite radio is not likely to be a growth industry over the next 10 years, and their other markets are pretty small.
Of course, despite Sirius XM being one of the market's biggest winners since bottoming out three years ago, there might still be some healthy upside if things go right for it -- and plenty of room for it to fall if things don't. Read all about Sirius in The Motley Fool's brand new premium report. To get started, just click here now.
Want to see how well (or not so well) the stocks in this series are performing? Follow the TrackPoisedTo CAPS account.


text:
Thoughts from the EPS Windows Server Performance Team
Useful Microsoft Blogs
Platforms Blogs
A while back, I worked on an interesting issue involving RDS EasyPrint. The issue was that the printers from the client were getting redirected in the RDS session using easy print driver. However no print job could be printed to these redirected printers. Interestingly, no events were reported in the event logs, the print job just appeared in the redirected print queue for a few second, and then vanished. We paused the print queue of the printer on the client, but no print job came through to the print queue.
With no events or errors to go with, I decided to collect Process Monitor logs on the server and the client, and try and see if we can track down where the print jobs were going. With a basic knowledge of how the print job flows from an RDS session to the client printer, I was hoping to track this down. Basically we will see the application in conjunction with the spooler process spools the print job. As EasyPrint is XPS based, the spooler process (spoolsv.exe) uses the XPS driver (PrintFilterPipelinePrxy.dll loaded inside spoolsv.exe and printfilterpipelinesvc.exe) to generate XPS job, which the spooler will then send to the client using the virtual channel of the client printer. On the client side, the job is received by the RDC client as a .tmp file in the user's temp folder, and we have the Terminal Server Print Wrapper (TsWpfWrp.exe), which converts this to the EMF format along with the spooler and spools the job to the destined client print queue.
Using this knowledge, I started looking at the Process Monitor logs, first the server. We see the job getting spooled as below:
After this, we see spoolsv.exe on the server writing the print job to \Device\Rdpdr\tsclient\PRN2, which is the virtual channel for the client printer.
So it seems like the job does leave the server for the client. Now, looking at the Process Monitor log collected from the client, I first went to the process tree view, and do see the tswpfwrp.exe process, as a child process of Mstsc.exe.
Looking at the command line for the tswpfwrp.exe process, it looks like as below:
"C:\windows\system32\tswpfwrp.exe" "\\MachineName\printername" "C:\DOCUME~\username\LOCALS~1\Temp\XPS29C.tmp"
So it seems like we are failing to convert the XPS job we got from the server and send it to the print queue at the client. To ensure that we are headed in the right direction, I created a test XPS print job on my workstation and at command prompt ran the following command:
TsWrpWpf.exe testprinter <location of xps>\test.xps
After doing this, the print job did appear in the paused print queue. Using the same XPS file we tried the same command on the affected client machine. No print job appeared in the queue.
So, it's the tswpfwrp failing to do the XPS to EMF conversion. A quick comparison of Process Monitor logs collected while running the TsWrpWpf command as above, we see that the process is unable to locate the binary printvpt.dll and this .dll is a part of XPS.
A quick Bing search on 'XPS' and 'printvpt.dll' led me to Microsoft Knowledge Base article 954550, which includes a hotfix that turned out to alleviate this issue:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/954550 .
Anshuman Ghosh
Good info. Thanks.
Nice one, suits very well into the "case of unexplained" series from Mark Russinovich :)
This article did help me in resolving one of the issue...Thank you Anshuman
Very good finding. I learning something today.
Amazing info.... helped me in resolving the issue.
Very good document.


text:
Gregory Carey
There is no behavioral genetic literature on violence in infrahuman species. Rather, the phenotype (i.e., observable behavior) is termed aggression or agonistic behavior, often occurring as an appropriate, adaptive response to a particular set of environmental circumstances. The extrapolation of such evolutionarily preadapted responses to human homicide or robbery is, of course, tenuous. Nevertheless, the ability to control matings and the intrauterine and postnatal environment dictates that the study of behavioral biology in animals may yield clues to the conditions for onset and cessation of some violent encounters in humans.
The behavioral genetic literature on animal aggression focuses almost exclusively on rats and mice. It has been documented for more than half a century that there are strain differences in the agonistic behavior of male mice (Ginsburg and Allee, 1942; Scott, 1942). The extensive literature on these differences has been reviewed elsewhere (e.g., Brain et al., 1989; Maxson, 1981). Selection studies have also demonstrated significant heritability for murine aggression (e.g., Ebert and Sawyer, 1980; van Oortmerssen and Bakker, 1981). Hence, there is abundant evidence that genetic
Gregory Carey is at the Department of Psychology and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
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OCR for page 21
Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 2, Biobehavioral Influences
Genetics and Violence
Gregory Carey
There is no behavioral genetic literature on violence in infrahuman species. Rather, the phenotype (i.e., observable behavior) is termed aggression or agonistic behavior, often occurring as an appropriate, adaptive response to a particular set of environmental circumstances. The extrapolation of such evolutionarily preadapted responses to human homicide or robbery is, of course, tenuous. Nevertheless, the ability to control matings and the intrauterine and postnatal environment dictates that the study of behavioral biology in animals may yield clues to the conditions for onset and cessation of some violent encounters in humans.
The behavioral genetic literature on animal aggression focuses almost exclusively on rats and mice. It has been documented for more than half a century that there are strain differences in the agonistic behavior of male mice (Ginsburg and Allee, 1942; Scott, 1942). The extensive literature on these differences has been reviewed elsewhere (e.g., Brain et al., 1989; Maxson, 1981). Selection studies have also demonstrated significant heritability for murine aggression (e.g., Ebert and Sawyer, 1980; van Oortmerssen and Bakker, 1981). Hence, there is abundant evidence that genetic
Gregory Carey is at the Department of Psychology and the Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder.
OCR for page 21
Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 2, Biobehavioral Influences
polymorphisms influence individual differences in aggression and agonistic behavior in rodents. This genetic liability toward aggression, however, is to a certain degree situation specific (Jones and Brain, 1987). For example, in dyadic male encounters, mice of the BALB/cBy strain are more aggressive than those of the C57BL/6By strain when tested against members of their own strain, but C57BL/6By are more aggressive when tested against mice of other strains. As Maxson (1990) notes, the genetics of aggression in a dyadic encounter depend not only on the individual's own genes but also on the genes of the conspecific partner. Similarly, diurnal variation, season of the year, arena size, test duration, and the operational definition of aggression are but a few of the variables that may change the rank order of aggression in strains (Maxson, 1990).
Similar specificity may occur for sex-appropriate aggression. Early selection studies selected for aggression among males only and did not report differences in aggression among females of the selected lines (Ebert and Sawyer, 1980). However, later researchers argue that females from high aggressive lines demonstrate their aggression in sex-appropriate settings such as postpartum tests (Hood and Cairns, 1988). Similarly, there also appears to be genetic sensitivity to the effects of early neonatal androgens on aggression in mice (e.g., Michard-Vanhee, 1988; Vale et al., 1972).
The recent trend in behavioral genetic research is aimed less at demonstrating the fact of inheritance than at elucidating its genetic correlates and identifying genetic loci that underlie agonistic behavior. Here, polymorphic loci on the Y chromosome may contribute to individual differences in male aggression in the mouse, at least in some strains (Carlier et al., 1990; Maxson et al., 1989; Selmanoff et al., 1976). Given the homology of the mammalian genome, such work may offer insight into the genetics of human behavior.
Before embarking on a critical overview, the terms of human behavioral genetics require definition. With respect to sibships, phenotypic (i.e., observed) variability is often decomposed into three major components: genetic variance, common environmental variance, and unique environmental variance. The difference between common and unique environmental variance is purely statistical: Common environment includes all environmental factors
OCR for page 21
Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 2, Biobehavioral Influences
that contribute to sibling similarity, whereas unique environment subsumes all environmental mechanisms that promote sibling differences . To express similarity for vertical relationships such as parent and offspring, two major variance components are usually identified: genetic variance and vertical environmental transmission variance. Technically, vertical environmental transmission variance includes all environmental mechanisms, even those outside the home, that correlate with parental antisocial behavior and at the same time influence individual differences in offspring antisocial behavior.
Genetic influence is usually quantified by either of two estimates of heritability. Broad sense heritability is the total genetic variance divided by the phenotypic variance; usually, the only population to permit estimation of broad sense heritability is a large series of identical twins raised apart in random environments. Narrow sense heritability is the additive genetic variance divided by the phenotypic variance. The difference between additive genetic variance and total genetic variance is a complicated function of allele frequencies, allelic action, and interaction among difference genetic loci. Precise heritability estimates are seldom possible with human behavioral phenotypes. Narrow sense estimates are usually reported, with little or no empirical data to justify the validity of their assumptions.
One does not inherit behavior as one inherits eye color. Hence, when the behavioral phenotype is dichotomized (e.g., criminal offender versus nonoffender), behavioral genetic analysis is aimed at liability. Liability is a latent, unobserved variable that is at least ordinally related to risk—the higher an individual's score on the liability scale, the greater is the relative probability that the individual will be an offender. The latent variable of liability is analyzed, not the dichotomized phenotype. Hence, it is appropriate to speak of heritability of liability to criminal offending; it is not technically correct to refer to the heritability of criminal offending.
One important specific application of the concept of liability is the multifactorial model. The central assumption of this model is that a large number of factors (many genes, parenting, schooling, peers, etc.) contribute to liability in roughly equal amounts so that some mathematical transformation will be able to scale liability to resemble a multivariate normal distribution within families. In this case, the tetrachoric correlation is the appropriate statistical index used to quantify familial resemblance for liability.
OCR for page 21
Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 2, Biobehavioral Influences
Molecular genetic studies of rare, well-defined disorders can elucidate basic physiologic mechanisms. Familial hypercholesterolemia, for example, unraveled aspects of lipoprotein receptor synthesis and transport. Are there any such exploitable models for human violence?
A search through Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM), a computerized data base of known or suspected heritable disorders, revealed eight disorders of potential relevance in the sense that the words ''aggression," "rage," "violence," or "antisocial" were mentioned in the MIM description. Table 1 lists these disorders, their current MIM numbers, and comments. Except for alcoholism, the genetics of which are unclear, the disorders are only tangentially associated with violence. An appropriate model disorder (e.g., one with presenting symptoms such as inexplicable rage) has yet to be described, although this feature was present in one sibship from a consanguineous mating for Urbach and Wiethe's disease (Newton et al., 1971). Although seizure disorders did not appear in the search, emotional lability is a typical feature of Unverricht and Lundborg myoclonus epilepsy (MIM number 254800), a form of seizure disorder found largely in Finland.
At the other extreme, the genetics of some rare phenotypes associated with violence (e.g., repetitive rapists, pedophiles) have never been studied. It is possible that heritable forms may be uncovered among these rare individuals and that molecular genetics may be used to elucidate basic mechanisms of violence.
A potentially important finding that emerged after this review was completed deserves mention. Brunner et al. (1993a,b) reported on a single, large Dutch kindred in which an unusual number of males were affected with moderate intellectual deficiency and aggression. The pattern of transmission was consistent with X-linkage and perfectly correlated with a deficiency in the gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A. Studies on the frequency of this gene and its association with aggression in the general population have yet to be conducted.
The report by Jacobs et al. (1965) of a high prevalence of men with an extra Y chromosome (karyotypes 47,XYY and 48,XXYY) among incarcerated males sparked research (and debate) into the issue of whether supernumerary Y individuals are at high risk for
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TABLE 1 Known or Suspected Genetic Disorders Associated With Aggression
MIM Numbera
Urocanase deficiency
Vaguely defined disorder; aggression noted in one pedigree.
Gilles de la Tourette symptom
Neurologic disorder with involuntary motoric and vocal tics. Both aggression and self-mutilation have been reported, but neither is symptomatic of the disorder.
Precocious puberty, male limited
Gonadotropin-independent gonadal testosterone secretion; male-limited, autosomal dominant transmission with onset of sexual precocity as early as 1 year; blockage of both androgen and estrogen synthesis was associated with a reduction of aggression in a series of nine boys.
Aggressive tendency noted in cattle with a-mannosidase deficiency, but not known to be associated with the deficiency in humans.
Not known to follow strict Mendelian transmission patterns; well-established phenotypic correlation with aggression.
Lipoid proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe
One pedigree reported in which a sib suffered with attacks of rage.
Deafness-hypogonadism syndrome
Only a single pedigree reported, consistent with X linkage; antisocial and immature behavior noted in males of the pedigree.
Fragile X syndrome
Variable expression with frequent mental retardation; antisocial tendencies noted but not a central part of the syndrome.
a Mendelian Inheritance in Man.
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violence, crime, and other psychopathology. Early research compared the prevalence of sex chromosome aneuploidy among selected samples (e.g., prisoners, psychiatric patients) with the prevalence among newborn screens or other controls. The initial reviews of 47,XYY and 48,XXYY syndromes by Owen (1972) and Hook (1973) stressed that prospective research on well-defined populations was necessary for accurate assessment of any relationship between XYY and violence.
Several prospective studies have now followed aneuploid children into adolescence. Results on 47,XYY suggest behavioral development well within the normal range, but with minor deficits in intelligence, other cognitive skills, and perhaps, in emotional and social skills (Bender et al., 1987). Study of a Danish birth cohort (Witkin et al., 1976) found a high prevalence of criminal registration among XYY individuals (5 of 12) that is not statistically different from the prevalence among 47,XXY (3 of 16) but is greater than the base rate among normal XY males of the same height (9% of slightly more than 4,000 men). Criminal histories of the five XYY individuals were not characterized by violence and aggression. Convictions were for minor offenses adjudicated by mild penalties, prompting the investigators to suggest that the relationship was likely due to nonspecific factors such as lowered intelligence. Personal follow-up revealed that the 12 XYY individuals had statistically significant but clinically minor differences from controls in sexuality, aggression, and testosterone levels (Schiavi et al., 1984, 1988; Theilgaard, 1984).
The prospective results dispel the myth of the XYY as a "hyperaggressive, supermasculine sociopath" and, in its place, portray a group of individuals within the normal range but with an array of relatively nonspecific behavioral differences in attention and cognition, motoric skills, and personality. For example, the sexuality of XYY individuals is characterized more by insecurity and difficulty in developing and maintaining satisfying relationships with women than by stereotyped hypermasculinity (Schiavi et al., 1988). It is possible that nonspecific behavioral problems may increase risk among these individuals for later criminal offenses.
Given that genes do not code directly for crime and violence, it might be reasonable to suspect that genetic diathesis is mediated through personality traits and cognitive styles. Kinship correlations for intelligence have been summarized by Bouchard and
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McGue (1981), and the general pattern suggests important contributions from both genes and family environment. A survey of the genetic literature on personality traits is too vast to report here. Hence, this review is limited to two major domains of personality. First, scales purporting to measure aggression are reported, with the name of the scale dictating acceptance of a study for review. In some studies, the exact items bear strong content resemblance to the concept of violence used by the Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior (e.g., Tellegen et al., 1988); in other cases, the content appears related more to a broader, almost psychoanalytic, notion of intrapunitiveness (e.g., Partanen et al., 1966); and in yet other studies, item content was not fully specified (e.g., Rushton et al., 1986). The second area for review is scales specifically constructed to predict juvenile delinquency. These scales include the Psychopathic-deviate (Pd) scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway and McKinley, 1940); the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1969); and the aggression scale of the Missouri Children's Picture Series (MCPS).
Table 2 summarizes the results of this review. The studies are broadly classified into twin and adoption strategies. The twin results are consistent with the overall twin literature on personality: on the average, identical twins correlate higher than fraternal twins. A notable exception is reported by Plomin et al. (1981), the only study using blind ratings of aggression in a test situation (ratings of child's aggression against a Bobo doll). All other studies used self-report inventories or parental ratings. Unfortunately, sample sizes in Plomin et al. (1981) are too small to detect whether this difference is attributable to method of assessment, to aggression in childhood versus adulthood, or to sampling error from a trait with modest heritability.
In the Minnesota series of twins raised apart (Gottesman et al., 1984; Tellegen et al., 1988), the correlations are as great as those for adult twins raised in the same household. Although standard errors for these correlations are large, they suggest that the great similarity of twins raised together is not due exclusively to such processes as imitation or reciprocal interaction (Carey, 1986) that might invalidate the twin design.
There is little relevant adoption data. Different scales were administered to the Texas Adoption Project sample (Loehlin et al., 1985, 1987) in adolescence (the CPI in Loehlin et al., 1985) and in early adulthood (the MMPI in Loehlin et al., 1987). The patterning here is very similar to that of other adoption studies
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TABLE 2 Genetics Studies of Personality Measures Related to Delinquency or Aggression
Genders Analyzed Separately
Owen and Sines (1970)
MCPS aggression
Gottesman (1966)
CPI socialization
Scarr (1966)
ACL n aggression
Partanen et al. (1966)
Aggression items
Loehlin and Nichols (1976)
CPI socialization
ACL aggressive
Rowe (1983)
Number of delinquent acts
Rushton et al. (1986)
23 aggression items
Genders Pooled
Gottesman (1963, 1966); Reznikoff and Honeyman (1967)
MMPI psychopathy
Plomin et al. (1981)
Median (three objective aggression ratings)
Ghodsian-Carpey and Baker (1987)
CBC aggression
MOCL aggression
Pogue-Geile and Rose (1985)
MMPI psychopathy
Rose (1988)
MMPI psychopathy
Tellegen et al. (1988)
MPQ aggression
Twins Raised Apart (Minnesota Sample)
Tellegen et al. (1988)
MPQ aggression
Gottesman et al. (1984)
MMPI psychopathy
Adoption Studies
Loehlin et al. (1985)
CPI socialization
Adoptive father-child
Adoptive mother-child
Biological father-child
Biological mother-child
Adoptive-adoptive sibs
Adoptive-biological sibs
Biological-biological sibs
Loehlin et al. (1987)
MMPI psychopathy
Adoptive father-child
Adoptive mother-child
Biological father-child
Biological mother-child
Birth mother-adopted child
Adoptive-adoptive sibs
Adoptive-biological sibs
Biological-biological sibs
Parker (1989)
CBC aggression items
Adoptive sibs (age 4)
Natural sibs (age 4)
Adoptive sibs (age 7)
Natural sibs (age 7)
NOTE: ACL = adjective checklist; CBC = child behavior checklist; CPI = California Psychological Inventory; MCPS = Missouri Children's Picture Series; MMPI = Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; MOCL = Mothers' Observational Checklist; MPQ = Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire.
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(e.g., Scarr et al., 1981)—zero-order correlations with adoptive parents and small positive correlations with biological parents. This is consistent with the twin data in suggesting heritability, although estimates of the genetic effect are lower in the adoption than in the twin studies. The fact that adoptive relatives bear little resemblance to one another suggests that processes such as imitation and common family environment have weak effects on these psychometric predictors of delinquency. Parker's (1989) recent analysis of data from the Colorado Adoption Project (Plomin et al., 1981) gives a very different picture. Based on maternal ratings of aggression, both adoptive and biological siblings show strong, roughly equal, resemblance. These data agree with the Plomin et al. (1981) results in suggesting important common environment effects for childhood aggression, but do not agree with the small twin studies of Owen and Sines (1970) and Ghodsian-Carpey and Baker (1987).
Together, the personality data imply a genetic contribution to individual differences for important correlates of violence. This inference is stronger for older adolescents and adults than for children. A glaring lack in this literature (as well as in the genetic literature on criminal offenders) is the absence of data to permit multivariate genetic analysis of personality traits such as aggression and criminal offending.
Since this review was completed, several important studies of parental ratings of childhood aggression and delinquency in child and adolescent twins have been completed and initial results suggest important heritability. Gottesman and Goldsmith (in press) should be consulted for a review.
Juvenile Antisocial Behavior
Here, research on actual crime or antisocial behavior during adolescence is reviewed. Early twin studies of juvenile delinquency, summarized in Table 3, gave strong evidence of important common environment effects and weak evidence for heritability. Many of these early studies did not select samples or define phenotypes with the rigor required by modern research standards (see Slater and Cowie, 1971; Christiansen, 1977, for reviews). More recently, Rowe (1983, 1985, 1986) analyzed the number of self-reported antisocial behaviors from junior and senior high school twins. The twin correlations (given previously in Table 2) demonstrate significant heritability and, agreeing with the concordances
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TABLE 3 Pooled Twin Concordance Rates for Juvenile Delinquency in Identical and Same-Sex Fraternal Twinsa
Number of Pairs
Percent Concordant
Number of Pairs
Percent Concordant
a Based on the review by Cloninger and Gottesman (1987), eliminating pairs studied by Kranz (1936) in which concordance was not reported separately by gender.
in Table 3, implicate common environment, albeit without reaching statistical significance.
Adoption studies support the importance of family environment in early antisocial behavior. Cadoret et al. (1983) reported a significant main effect for an adverse adoptive home and some form of gene-environment interaction in three different adoptee samples. Bohman (1971) and colleagues (Bohman and Sigvardsson, 1985; Bohman et al., 1982) prospectively studied Swedish children from unwanted pregnancies. At age 15, those who remained with their own biological parents or who were placed as foster, but unadopted, children had almost twice the rate of antisocial-like behavior problems (truancy, running away, misuse of alcohol and drugs, repeated thefts) as their classmate controls. Children who were formally adopted, however, showed slightly lower rates than their controls and much lower rates than both the foster children and those remaining with their parents, despite a high frequency of criminality and alcohol abuse among their birth parents. Bohman suggested that any adverse genetic liability was neutralized by the benefits provided by secure adoption.
Together, the early twin studies, the nonsignificant trend in Rowe's study, the Cadoret analyses, and the Bohman results provide strong evidence for a family environment effect on juvenile antisocial behavior. Both the Rowe and the later Cadoret studies suggest that genetics cannot be ignored during this period. Perhaps the most important research question for the future is the investigation of genetic and family environmental contributions to adolescent antisocial behavior that persists into adulthood and the detection of reasons why this behavior ceases in many adolescents.
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differences. The r-strategy is associated with relative ecological instability and tends to promote such qualities as small body size, rapid sexual maturation, short life span, and profligate reproduction. The K-strategy is associated with environmental stability and gives advantage to large body size, delayed maturation with parental care, longevity, and economical reproduction. By extrapolating the r/K between-species distinction to a continuum of within-species variability, human aggression is viewed as part of the r end and law abidingness as part of the K end of the dimension.
A second research thrust has been the study of familial homicide by Daly and Wilson (1988a,b). Based largely on the concept of inclusive fitness, they predict that homicide (and presumably other aggression) should vary inversely with the degree of genetic relatedness of assailant and victim and with the reproductive capacity of the victim.
This present round of sociobiological/evolutionary research is more empirical than many previous attempts to extrapolate from other species to human behavior. The research is also relatively new, so a large body of well-controlled studies has yet to be developed to permit assessment of the predictions. For example, Daly and Wilson present Canadian homicide data suggesting that filicide victimization is considerably greater for infants who have yet to reach their first birthday than for older children. To what extent is this due to inhibition because of the reproductive and temporal investment already made in an older child, to what extent is it a consequence of maternal postpartum psychoses, and to what extent is it due to the physical vulnerability of the young infant to a punitive blow that might injure but not kill an older child?
For theories about the r/K-strategies, the relevant multivariate data that would permit one to assess the proportion of variance in violent criminal participation attributable to the latent r/K-variable have not been reported. Presumably, individual differences in these strategies have some heritable component. The requisite twin or adoption data must be gathered and subjected to multivariate analysis.
Racial differences in arrests, homicides, etc., have sometimes been interpreted in terms of mean genetic differences among human groups (Rushton, 1988a,b). From a genetic perspective, race differences fall into the general category of group differences. There
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are two distinct questions that may be asked about genetics and violence in different groups. First, is the heritability of violence large within each group? Within-group heritabilities may be derived through adoption or twin studies of each group. Second, to what extent are differences in violence between groups due to the genetic differences between them? This question addresses between-group heritability.
Empirical data suggest the possibility of important within-group heritability in European populations and some American populations of European ancestry. There are no comparable twin or adoption data to document within-group heritability among American minorities.
Even in the presence of such data, it would be incorrect to infer that genetic differences contribute to differences between groups. Within-group heritabilities are insufficient to predict the extent to which mean group differences are genetic (DeFries, 1972; Loehlin et al., 1975). For example, the demonstration of within-group heritability among Danes and among Iowa whites does not imply that differences in crime rates between Denmark and Iowa are due to gene pool variance. Differences in prevalence and incidence of violence between Northern and Southern Ireland might be explained more easily by social and political milieus than by DNA variation.
Wilson and Herrnstein (1985) consider it inconceivable that the rapid historical changes in homicide could be accounted for by changes in allelic frequencies. The two- to threefold increase in homicide rates that occurred between the 1960s and 1970s (Zahn, 1989) is almost certainly due to environmental factors, not all of which have been identified. Hence, it is plausible that large mean group differences could be perpetuated by environmental factors. Despite the fact that there are analytical models in genetics that attempt to account for such types of environmental diffusion (e.g., Boyd and Richerson, 1984; Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman, 1981; Lumsdem and Wilson, 1981), little is known about their empirical validity, let alone their direct application to human violence. It is not clear that it would even be possible to research the genetics of group differences in violence without first identifying these mechanisms for environmental diffusion and their prevalence and impact in different groups.
On the genetic side, it is also improbable that various human
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populations, reproductively isolated for millennia, will evolve genetic liabilities equal to the last decimal place. What do we know about mean genetic differences? Studies of red cell polymorphisms, proteins, and isozymes have consistently shown considerably more variability within a race than between races (Hartl, 1980; Nei, 1985; Nei and Roychoudhury, 1974, 1982). To put this in different terms, the "average" U.S. Oriental, "average" U.S. black, and "average'' U.S. white are genetically more similar to one another than three randomly selected individuals within, say, the U.S. white population. Hence, if these results can be extrapolated to a polygenic system contributing to liability for violence, then the genetic effects on race differences in violence are probably small and secondary to the genetic differences within races.
Faced with a literature equivocal on whether there is a significant genetic effect on violence in Scandinavian samples, the absence of data on within-group heritability for minorities, abrupt historical trends largely unexplainable by genetic drift or natural selection, and molecular genetic evidence suggesting a low between-to-within ratio of genetic group differences, one might conclude that models attributing racial differences mostly to environmental factors have more plausibility than those that explain them mostly in terms of genetics. At the very least, there is no positive evidence to suggest that heritability plays an important role in group differences in violence within the United States.
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Maxson, S.C., A. Didier-Erickson, and S. Ogawa 1989 The Y chromosome, social signals, and offense in mice. Behavioral and Neural Biology 52:251–259.
Mednick, S.A. 1987 Introduction—Biological factors in crime causation: The reactions of social scientists. In S.A. Mednick, T.E. Moffitt, and S.A. Stack, eds., The Causes of Crime: New Biological Approaches. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mednick, S.A., W.F. Gabrielli, Jr., and B. Hutchings 1983 Genetic influences in criminal behavior: Evidence from an adoption cohort. Pp. 39–56 in K.T. Van Dusen and S.A. Mednick, eds., Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.
1984 Genetic influences in criminal convictions: Evidence from an adoption cohort. Science 224:891–894.
1987 Genetic factors in the etiology of criminal behavior. Pp. 74–91 in S.A. Mednick, T.E. Moffitt, and S.A. Stack, eds., The Causes of Crime: New Biological Approaches . New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Mednick, S.A., P. Brennan, and E. Kandel 1988 Predisposition to violence. (Special Issue: Current theoretical perspectives on aggressive and antisocial behavior.) Aggressive Behavior 14:25–33.
Michard-Vanhee, C. 1988 Aggressive behavior induced in female mice by an early single dose of testosterone is genotype dependent. Behavior Genetics 18:1–12.
Miles, D., and G. Carey 1993 The genetics of antisocial personality disorders: A psychiatric sample. Behavior Genetics 23:558–559.
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1985 Sibling interaction and self-reported delinquent behavior: A study of 265 twin pairs. Criminology 23:223–240.
1986 Genetic and environmental components of antisocial behavior: A study of 265 twin pairs. Criminology 24:513–532.
Rowe, D.C., and D.W. Osgood 1984 Heredity and sociological theories of delinquency: A reconsideration. American Sociological Review 49:526–540.
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1988b The reality of race differences: A rejoinder. Personality and Individual Differences 9:1035–1040.
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1988 Sex chromosome anomalies, hormones, and sexuality. Archives of General Psychiatry 45:19–24.
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Vale, J.R., D. Ray, and C.A. Vale 1972 The interaction of genotype and exogenous neonatal androgen: Agonistic behavior in female mice. Behavioral Biology 7:321–334.
Van Dusen, K.T., S.A. Mednick, W.F. Gabrielli, Jr., and B. Hutchings 1983a Social class and crime in an adoption cohort. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74:249–269.
1983b Social class and crime: Genetics and environment. Pp. 57–71 in K.T. Van Dusen and S.A. Mednick, eds., Prospective Studies of Crime and Delinquency. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.
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Witkin, H.A., S.A. Mednick, F. Schulsinger, E. Bakkerstrom, K.O. Christiansen, D.R. Goodenough, K. Hirschorn, C. Lundsteen, D.R. Owen, J. Philip, D.B. Rubin, and M. Stocking 1976 Criminality in Xyy and XXy men. Science 193:547–555.
Zahn, M.A. 1989 Homicide in the twentieth century: Trends, types, and causes. In T.R. Gurr, ed., Violence in America, Vol. 1. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.


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Fox Network cancels Judge Napolitano's 'Freedom Watch' show. [This is a great loss to the freedom movement, but is consistent with the collectivist orientation of the Fox TV network.]
Reason 2012 Feb 9
Russia and China veto a UN resolution that would call for regime change in Syria, which is the goal of the US and other Western powers. The veto is motivated by fear that the US is orchestrating the anti-government movement and seeks to replace the present despotic leader with another despotic leader who will be aligned with the US. [It's all about who will control the Middle East and has little to do with the interests of the common people. More violence is inevitable – perhaps even all-out war.] UPI 2012 Feb 8
The US government and the courts have protected Monsanto and Dow Chemical from lawsuits resulting from Agent Orange and Dioxin poisoning. Costs will be passed on to taxpayers. [Incredibly, a federal judge created a special law from the bench that gives all government contractors immunity from the effects of their products, even non-military ones.] NaturalSociety 2012 Feb 7
Over 40 states have signed off on a settlement to compensate mortgage holders for bank fraud. [The banks are getting off easy but are slowing the settlement anyway because they also want immunity from future claims. Obama is pushing for a fast settlement to support the illusion that he is tough on big banks. No one is facing jail time and, eventually, most of the settlements will come from taxpayers in the form of bank bailouts. It's primarily a political show.] Huff Post 2012 Feb 7
New York Times trashes the US Constitution; says it has fallen into disfavor for good reasons and is in need of a "sexy" update. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is quoted as saying she prefers the South African Constitution and the bill of rights in the European Union [both of which are based on the ideology of collectivism in contrast to the US Constitution which is based on the ideology of individualism.] NY Times Feb 7
Father of the German 'green' movement publishes a major book that shows global warming is a myth and that the UN's IPCC has twisted science to further itspolitical agenda. [The book is taking Germany by storm and is a heavy body blow to global-warming alarmists.] No Tricks Zone 2012 Feb 6
Bill Gates is funding a group of climate scientists to lobby governments to back geo-engineering experiments, including the spraying of millions of tons of sulfur dioxide in the sky. The stated purpose is to combat global warming; but, increasingly, that is recognized now by scientists world-wide as a political myth. [So we are left to ponder what Gate's real motive is for spewing poison into the atmosphere. Could his life-long interest in population reduction have something to do with it?] Guardian 2012 Feb 6
US: The FBI is enlisting businesses to spy on their customers to detect suspicious activities that could identify them as domestic terrorists – such as always paying cash for a cup of coffee at an Internet cafe. Boiling Frogs Post 2012 Feb 6
GMO giant BASF is moving its headquarters from Europe to the United States where there is less opposition to GMO crops and regulators are more 'friendly' to GMO development.
FT Posted 2012 Feb 6
Without consent of Congress, Obama freezes all money and property of Iran's government and central bank located in the US and also threatens sanctions against other countries if their banks continue to do business with Iran. [This is an act of financial war and is aimed at choking off world sales of Iranian oil. Israel says it will attack Iran if, in their opinion, the sanctions are ineffective.]
NY Times 2012 Feb 6
Nevada: This reporter says that Ron Paul rightfully won the Nevada Caucus, not Romney. [Romney was declared the winner with only 5% of the vote counted. Ron Paul was way ahead in Clark County (the most populous county in Nevada) until the GOP found "irregularities" and then recounted everything in private.] HillBuzz 2012 Feb 6
UK: Girls as young as 13 were given contraceptive implants in school without the consent of their parents. [In a collectivist system, it is assumed that the state has a higher authority over children than parents.] Telegraph 2012 Feb 6
US Bridges and roads are being built by companies owned by the Chinese government – even though American unemployment is at a critical level and US companies are anxious and able to do the job. ABC News posted 2012 Feb 5
Australia is the first country to demand all airline travelers to submit to full-body x-ray scanner – no option for a pat-down. ActivistPost 2012 Feb 5
US Geological Survey website acknowledges that fracking causes earthquakes. USGS posted 2012 Feb 5
Tennessee introduces bill to nullify the federal NDAA indefinite-detention law against US citizens. [The bill also would require federal agents to state the reason for any arrests and get written permission from local Sheriffs. Federal agents who make arrests that violate these requirements could be charged with kidnapping.] TAC Posted 2012 Feb 4
Andrew Adler – owner and publisher of the Atlanta Jewish Times – calls for the assassination of any US president who does not help Israel obliterate its enemies. [War hawks in high places are pondering ways to make an Israeli or US pre-emptive strike against Iran seem like a reasonable necessity. A false-flag attack on a US warship is a possibility.] RT Posted 2012 Feb 4
Georgia judge rules that Obama may appear on the 2012 ballot despite clear evidence submitted to the court that Obama's claim of being a natural-born citizen is based on fraudulent documents.
WND Posted 2012 Feb 4


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To print this article open the file menu and choose Print. Click here to return to previous page Article published Jan 7, 2013 Café concertsTEN THINGS
Worcester Chamber Music Society continues its Café Concert Series Dinner Jan. 10 at Nuovo Restaurant, 92 Shrewsbury St., Worcester. Dinner is at 6:30 p.m. and the concert follows at 8 p.m. The cost for dinner and concert is $49; concert only is $20. Call (978) 456-2730 or visit www.worcesterchambermusic.org. Order the Telegram & Gazette, delivered daily to your home or office! www.telegram.com/homedelivery Copyright Worcester Telegram & Gazette Corp. |


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From | Mark Sullivan |
Date | Mon, 30 Jan 2006 09:55:55 -0500 |
Subject | [greenstone-users] Display Collection ID in UI |
All, I am having problems getting the collection id to display on
my collections. Where does the data for [collection] come from? I am not using the GLI, but building my collections outside
in our own automation software. We produce the 'doc.xml'
files in our code, and then call the 'buildcol' perl script.
I looked in GLI-produced 'doc.xml' files, and the collection does
not appear in them. Additionally, it doesn't appear in the 'collect.cfg'
file explicitly. Where does this data come from? Is this read in during Greenstone run-time from the 'build.cfg'
file? Thank you for your help, Mark Sullivan Systems Programmer Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. |


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I'm Greg McBride, senior financial analyst with Bankrate.com and here is your weekly look at mortgage rates.
It was another week of pretty tame movement in mortgage rates. Fixed mortgage rates inched lower, with the 30-year fixed rate now at 4.24 percent and the 15-year fixed down to 3.47 percent. On larger loans, the jumbo 30-year fixed rate inched higher off last week's record low to 4.77 percent.
Rates on adjustable mortgages were mixed, with the hybrid 3/1 adjustable dipping to 3.45 percent while the 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year adjustable each increased modestly.
Although mortgage rates have been very sedate in recent weeks, the key catalyst for volatility remains the European debt crisis. The situation remains very fluid and the outcome is far from certain. On a more positive note, the tone of economic data in the U.S. has been more upbeat lately, but not so much as to push mortgage rates higher.
To find the lowest mortgage rates in your area, use the free search engine at Bankrate.com.
I'm Greg McBride.
Mortgage rates jumped this week.
The benchmark 30-year fixed mortgage rate held at 3.8 percent.
Mortgage rates remained in a holding pattern this week.
Mortgage rates edged up this week.
How did consumers respond when asked about job security, savings, net worth, and debt?
Comparison shopping will help you know deals from duds at a dollar store.
Looking to save money? Here are eight easy ways to save $5,000 in one year.
New car loan rates fell 1 basis point each.
Bankrate wants to hear from you and encourages thoughtful and constructive comments. We ask that you stay focused on the story topic, respect other people's opinions, and avoid profanity, offensive statements, illegal contents and advertisement posts. Comments are not reviewed before they are posted. Bankrate reserves the right (but is not obligated) to edit or delete your comments. Please avoid posting private or confidential information, and also keep in mind that anything you post may be disclosed, published, transmitted or reused. We do not permit the inclusion of hyperlinks in comments and may remove any comment that includes a hyperlink.
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Get cost-cutting tips for buying, selling and maintaining your wheels. Delivered monthly.
Car buyers are trading in their hybrids and electric cars for more gas-guzzling vehicles at a faster pace than ever before. ... Read more


text:
New Rules Stricter for Mortgage Servicers
The horror stories were astonishing: Homeowners being kicked out of their homes on the basis of forged documents. Others were working with mortgage servicers to lower their monthly payments while simultaneously being placed in foreclosure by the same company.
Rules released by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau last week aim to prevent such problems by requiring mortgage servicers to maintain accurate records, offer ongoing access to staff and provide options for delinquent homeowners to avoid foreclosure, among other things.
They are aimed at vanquishing the unscrupulous practices that were commonplace during the financial crisis, such as "robo-signing," where servicers processed foreclosure documents without a proper review.
The rules, which take effect in January 2014, are part of a broader reform of the mortgage market that includes limiting upfront fees and curtailing harmful practices such as interest-only payments — provisions that were unveiled last week. The effort will change the way homeowners interact with their mortgage servicers and is likely to make the process more expensive.
"Anytime you create a better system it means more costs, and consumers are going to bear that," said Jaret Seiberg, senior policy analyst at Guggenheim Securities. "It will get passed on to them in the form of higher interest rates and less credit availability."
To meet the requirements, mortgage servicers will have to improve their operating systems, quality-control measures, legal review and training, said David H. Stevens, president of the Mortgage Bankers Association.
"Everybody is going to have to rewrite the book on how they look at servicing, and that will have an extraordinary impact on homeowners," he said.
Consumer advocates, however, argue that new industry-wide standards will actually create greater efficiency that should ultimately reduce costs for borrowers. And with banks raking in record profits from their mortgage businesses, they should have the ability to absorb the initial costs, the advocates say.
"The cost to homeowners right now could not be higher. People who could afford loan modifications are losing their homes," said Alys Cohen, a lawyer at the National Consumer Law Center. At least under the new rules, she said, "homeowners will have a better sense of what to expect procedurally and have some rights to enforce them."
In the nation's colossal mortgage market, where consumers owe about $10 trillion on their homes, servicers play a critical role. These are the middlemen employed by lenders or investors to collect mortgage payments from homeowners as well as handle foreclosures and loan modifications.
The industry is dominated by some of the nation's largest banks, including Wells Fargo, Bank of America and Citigroup, but includes many independent operators who until now were not subject to federal supervision. During the financial crisis, mortgage servicers were notorious for sloppy record-keeping that endangered borrowers' chances of holding on to their homes. Many servicers were overwhelmed by the volume of cases, and some rushed through reviews and forged documents.
Last year, five of the largest mortgage servicers agreed to a $25 billion settlement with state and federal agencies over widespread cases of wrongful foreclosure.
According to the CFPB, it received more than 23,500 consumer complaints in the past six months alone involving homeowners having trouble with mortgage servicers on loan modifications, collections or foreclosure.
Stories of reckless mismanagement of homeowners' cases prompted Congress to impose new guidelines on servicers. Under the Dodd-Frank financial reform law, the CFPB was given the authority to craft rules addressing the systemic problems in the mortgage-servicing industry.
The consumer bureau unveiled a draft of its plans last spring and made a series of tweaks. One of the more notable changes to the draft prohibits servicers from initiating foreclosure if a borrower has already submitted a complete application for a loan modification— barring a process known as "dual tracking."
Servicers are also restricted from filing a notice for foreclosure until the account is more than 120 days delinquent. The CFPB's rule preempts state foreclosure laws, a crucial point because in order to hasten the process, some states allow lenders to foreclose without first getting a court order.
"While this change is significant, it needs to go even further," said Cohen of the Consumer Law Center. "Most people ask for modification once they're in foreclosure and the sale date has closed."
Once foreclosure proceedings have begun, the CFPB says servicers can no longer sell the home if they've renegotiated the mortgage with the homeowner. They must also consider and respond to a borrower's application for a modification if it arrives at least 37 days before a scheduled foreclosure sale.
Cohen is concerned that "at the end of the day, the rules don't require that people get modifications even if they are better for the investor and the homeowner."
If mortgage servicers violate any of the new rules, consumers have the right to sue and the consumer bureau can pursue enforcement actions.
"Servicing rules are right now all over the map between what the banking agencies require and state attorneys general settlement imposed," Seiberg of Guggenheim Securities said. "There are costs worth bearing, and having a comprehensive regulatory regime that applies to all servicers is probably one of those."
There are exceptions. Mortgage servicers with fewer than 5,000 home loans that they either own or originated are exempt from the rules. This will primarily affect small community banks and credit unions. Senior officials at the CFPB said these institutions tend to be more vigilant in their treatment of consumers because they keep some of the mortgages in-house and therefore bear some of the risk.
"If nothing else, the CFPB has provided the mortgage servicing industry with clear regulations under which to operate, which bodes well for the housing market," said National Community Reinvestment Coalition chief executive John Taylor.
"With very clear rules of what's permissible and what's not, there ought to be a flood of quality, sustainable mortgage product that allows people to refinance, buy homes or sell them," he said.


text:
Staff Correspondent
Raichur: There is need to improve infrastructure at primary health centres (PHCs) in the State, Vice-Chancellor of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences P.S. Prabahakaran has said.
He told presspersons here on Thursday that a majority of doctors were refusing to work in rural areas as most of the PHCs in the State did not have adequate facilities, including staff quarters.
An improvement in facilities in the PHCs would encourage them to serve in rural areas, he said To a question, Dr. Prabahakaran said that doctors preferred to work in urban areas rather in rural areas. Creating necessary facilities at PHCs was a policy matter and the Government had to take a decision in this regard, he said.
On shifting of the university to a new campus at Ramnagar near Bangalore, he said that the university was facing difficulties in functioning from its present location at Bangalore. The State Government had allotted 280 acres of land near Ramnagar to shift the university. A campus would modern facilities would be established at an estimated cost of Rs. 380 crore.
Work on it would be completed within 18 months, he said.


text: Policies and FAQsFrequently Asked Questions Q. Are older horses available? Q. Can the TRF officially transfer ownership to me? A. NO. When the horse is surrendered to the TRF, the past owner agrees that the TRF will be the only and final owner of the horse. However, for USEF or other recording purposes, you own your horse. This ensures lifelong safety of that horse. More questions? Contact us!Saratoga Office P.O. Box 834 Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 (518) 226-0028 (518) 226-0699 fax firstname.lastname@example.com |


text:
On the Level: Theresa Salmen, owner of THMgmt Inc.
Theresa Salmen admits that her job is hard to explain. Even her mother doesn't get it.
Lives in: Cotswold
Age: 47
Family: divorced; children, Alec, 15, Haley, 10
Education: bachelor's degree in business, Colorado State University
When Theresa Salmen came to Charlotte from Colorado she only intended to stay about six months and then head back to Denver.
That was 20 ...


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Roll Cages & Roll Bars
Hard Bodyz Roll Cage - Baja 5B Chrome
No. 599185
$199.99This is a Hard Bodyz Roll Cage (Chrome) for the HPI Racing Baja 5B Buggy. This cage is the most requested aftermarket parts in the baja industry. An indestructible steel roll cage built for the baja and made USA tuff!
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Team Integy Roll Cage - Slash 4x4
No. 728397
$39.99Out of stock
This is a Team Integy Steel Roll Cage for the Traxxas 1:10 Slash 4x4 truck. This roll cage is contructed of steel and is painted black. Includes mounting hardware.
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Associated Roll Cage - SC10B
No. 391694
$17.99This is a Team Associated SC10B Roll Cage. This replacement roll cage for the Team Associated SC10B short course buggy includes all roll cage parts and mounting screws.
Learn More -


text:
Outdoor Research
Adrenaline Mitts (Women's)
Out of Stock Product Number: 17327
The Outdoor Research Adrenaline Mitts are a supreme insulated ski mitt for when you want to slip on the gloves and go. The waterproof/breathable Ventia insert technology, and durable 70D nylon shell, is insulated with 200 grams of Enduraloft on the back of the hand. In addition, the heavy-weight fleece palm keeps your whole hand warm and is covered with AlpenGrip LT for a better grip.
Add the MonoCinch gauntlet closure, and the Adrenaline Mitts will keep you warm and dry for a long day in the mountains.
* This product does not qualify for shipping to all countries.
Gender: Women's
Material: Waterproof/breathable Ventia insert
Season: F13 F14
Vendor ProductId: 71090
Review ProductId: 17327


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Film Score Monthly
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Special Features: Audio Commentary with Film Historians Julie Kirgo and Nick Redman / Original Theatrical Trailer (NOTE: There is no isolated score as music tracks have not survived.)
LANGUAGE: English VIDEO: 1080p High Definition / 1.33:1 AUDIO: English 1.0 DTS-HD MA MONO SUBTITLES: English SDH 1939 / Color 104 MINUTES NOT RATED
LANGUAGE: English VIDEO: Standard Definition / 1.33:1 AUDIO: English 2.0 DTS-HD MA SUBTITLES: English SDH 2007 / B & W and Color 93 MINUTES NOT RATED
Limited Edition of 3,000 Units
"A first-rate historical film, as rich atmospherically as it is in action…Romantic enough for any adventure-story lover. It has its humor, its sentiment, its full complement of blood and thunder." —The New York Times
"This historical chronicle directed by John Ford is made believable through its attention to small details, presenting a mosaic of frontier life. A sentimental beauty." —TV Guide
"A typical Ford hymn to the pioneer spirit, his first film in colour and absolutely stunning to look at." —Time Out London
Pantheon director John Ford's Drums Along the Mohawk (1939) is an intimate epic, telling the story of one young couple's efforts to farm a frontier homestead just as the Revolutionary War breaks out. Gil (Henry Fonda) and Lana (Claudette Colbert) are forced to endure the terror of combined Tory/Indian attacks, watch in horror as they are burned out of their home, and suffer the slings and arrows of war, all while trying to become part of the Mohawk Valley pioneer community. A pictorial feast from Ford, with stunning Oscar®-nominated cinematography by Ray Rennahan and Bert Glennon.
ALSO INCLUDING: Becoming John Ford (2007), a feature-length documentary directed by Nick Redman about the long-term relationship between Ford (voiced by director Walter Hill) and Twentieth Century Fox production chief Darryl F. Zanuck (voiced by director Ron Shelton).
Enjoy the extensive Julie Kirgo liner notes and film art packaged with the Blu-ray disc.


text:
May 2009
Medical Student Perspectives: Alternative Career Choices for Physicians
As medical students, we have chosen to enter a profession that holds endless opportunities and remarkable stability. As this years fourth year class matched into different specialties, we saw a vast array of people entering fields of medicine which will enable them to provide healthcare to tens of thousands of patients over their lifetime. One topic of discussion in medical schools that is often overlooked is that of alternative careers in medicine.
My Kind of Medicine: Real Lives of Practicing Internists: Mark D. Anderson, MD, FACP
On the farm where Mark Anderson grew up in Mississippi, there were always things that needed fixing, and Mark was terrible at it. His brother on the other hand, was a whizeffortlessly saving the day time and time again with a gracefully held pair of pliers or a wrench. In hill country in a family that had worked in farming for multiple generations, this was not a desirable position to be in, but it wasnt long before he would become quite good at solving problems on his own.
Internal Medicine Interest Group of the Month: University of Nebraska
The Internal Medicine Interest Group or Club Med is going strong after eight years at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in Omaha.
Winning Abstracts from the 2008 Medical Student Abstract Competition: Decreased Pain Of IV Catheterization Via Jet Injection
A 57 year old white female presented to the University of Louisville Outpatient Day Surgery Unit for a skin graft to her left lower extremity post dog bite and subsequent infection.
Subspecialty Careers: Highlights about Careers in Internal Medicine: Critical Care Medicine
Critical care medicine encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of clinical problems representing the extreme of human disease.
Advocacy Brief: Preserving Patient Access to Primary Care Act Introduced
This week Rep. Allyson Schwartz (D-PA) introduced the Preserving Patient Access to Primary Care Act of 2009 (H.R. 2350).
Did You Know You Have Access to the Internal Medicine Residency Database?
ACP offers the Internal Medicine Residency Database, which contains information about all internal medicine residency programs in the United States.
Students: Join ACP for Free
Benefits of Membership for Students: ACP's free Medical Student Membership includes benefits designed especially to meet students' needs.
Join Now: Sign-up today and begin enjoying the benefits of ACP Medical Student Membership.
Find a Residency
Search ACP's Internal Medicine Residency Database for information on all internal medicine residency programs in the U.S. and Canada. (ACP Members only)
What will you learn from your Annals Virtual Patient?
Annals Virtual Patients is a unique patient care simulator that mirrors real patient care decisions and consequences. CME Credit and MOC Points are available. Start off with a FREE sample case. Start your journey now.
Internal Medicine Meeting 2015 Live Simulcast!
Unable to attend the meeting this year? On Saturday, May 2, seven sessions will be streamed live from the meeting. Register for the simulcast and earn CME credit after watching each session. Watch it live or download for later viewing. |