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The Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX) East China Sea |
The following is excerpted by Peter H. Dahl from a paper with same title, by Peter H. Dahl, Renhe Zhang, James H. Miller, Louis R. Bartek, Zhaohui Peng, Steven R. Ramp, Ji-Xun Zhou, C. S. Chiu, James F. Lynch, Jeffrey A. Simmen, and Robert C. Spindel. The full paper is scheduled to be published in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, special issue on Asian Marginal Seas. Papers cited here and also scheduled for the same issue are identified in the reference section as IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home The centerpiece of the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment (ASIAEX) consisted of two major field programs conducted in the spring of 2001, one in the South China Sea and the other in the East China Sea. This short note provides a brief overview of the ASIAEX East China Sea (ECS) program, conducted under the auspices of the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the Natural Science Foundation of China. The U.S., Chinese, and Korean research organizations involved in the 2001 ECS field program are listed in Table 1. The primary goals of ASIAEX East China Sea (ECS) were to (1) identify and elucidate properties of shallow-water boundaries governing propagation and reverberation in the ECS, such as sediment inhomogeneity, sediment roughness, and sea surface roughness; and to (2) establish a geoacoustic description for the ECS seabed, based on complementary approaches to inverting acoustic propagation and reverberation measurements made in the O(1010000 Hz) frequency range. The ECS study area, jointly approved by the State Oceanic Administration of the People's Republic of China, and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was a box defined by 28° to 30° N and 126° 30' to 128° E. Participating in the main 2001 experiment were the U.S. research vessel Melville, and two Chinese research vessels, the Shi Yan 2 and Shi Yan 3. Leading up to the 2001 field program in the ECS was a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2000 from the U.S. R/V Revelle aimed at obtaining environmental data within this boxed area to support the acoustics experiments planned for 2001 (see Table 2 for the list of organizations involved in the 2000 pilot study). Information on the ECS seabed and subbottom structure derived from this pilot study (see [1]) was used to select from the approved ECS box a preferred study area for the main experiment in 2001. The center point of this preferred area (Fig. 1), located at 29° 40.67'N and 126° 49.39'E, is referred to as position M and is located in the NW corner of the approved box about 500 km east of the Chinese coastline belonging to Zhejiang Province. Position M became the designated center of a 30-km-radius circular transect over which broadband acoustic sources were deployed for the long-range propagation and bistatic reverberation experiments in 2001; sources were also deployed along a straight cross-shelf transect of 100 km. The area encompassed by the 30-km radius circle, known as the large-scale ECS experimental site, was the primary site for low-frequency, O(101000 Hz), propagation and reverberation studies. A subset area of approximately 10 km2, centered at position M, was the laboratory for mid-to-high frequency, O(110 kHz), studies. The approach of embedding mid-to-high frequency acoustic experiments within an area where low-frequency experiments were also conducted served two purposes. The first was to more efficiently allocate limited resources for seabed sampling; for example, the area immediately surrounding position M received substantially more emphasis insofar as coring and measurements of fine-scale bottom relief. The second was to conduct multiple-frequency geoacoustic inversions on the same area of seabed. That is, the inner region about position M was studied using a wide range of frequencies, O(1010000 Hz). The lower end of this band yielded low-resolution but deep, O(10 m), information about the sediment; the higher end of this band yielded little or no information on the deep sediments, but provided better resolution on upper sediment structure (e.g., layering). A key objective of ASIAEX ECS was to fuse inversion results from such frequency-complementary acoustic experiments. Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home Environmental Characterization a. Seabed Within the 30-km-radius circle (Fig. 1), sediment cores were collected as part of the environmental assessment in 2000 and also during main experiment in 2001. Analysis [1] of these data suggests a compressional wave speed in the surface sediment layer varying from near 1600 m/s at core stations located in the northwest quadrant of the 30-km circle, to near 1650 m/s at some stations in the vicinity of the circle's center. The spatial distribution of mean grain size (Fig. 2) points to variation on scales much smaller than that originally depicted by an historical mud-sand boundary discussed in [1]. The sediment porosity and fine-scale relief measurements made within a 4-m measurement aperture put the seabed rms relief at 0.5 cm in the vicinity of position M [2]. A photograph (Fig. 3) taken from the instrument shows an example of the indentations from bottom-dwelling organisms that are postulated to be responsible for the fine-scale relief, and a bioturbation model in [2] reproduces well the observed mean roughness spectrum (Fig. 3). These measurements are necessarily a high-pass filtering of relief, and do not capture variability at length scales greater than about 2 m, but are essential for modeling acoustic backscatter in a mid-frequency (34 kHz) range. b. Volume During the main 2001 experiment, sound speed in the water column was measured by CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) casts from the Melville and the Shi Yan 3. Typical time variation in the sound speed profile for the East China Sea in late spring (Fig. 4) shows the dominant component of the variance linked to the semidiurnal (M2) internal tide oscillation of the thermocline. A comparison of a 24-h average of this data (Fig. 4) with an equivalent average of sound speed profile taken in the Yellow Sea in August 1996 shows that the late-spring thermocline in the ECS is truly weak when compared with the late-summer thermocline in the Yellow Sea; the acoustic implication is that the sea surface has a greater influence for propagation and reverberation in the ECS than in the Yellow Sea. Detail and discussion on the salinity and temperature profiles and the internal wave characteristics of the ECS are in [3]. c. Sea Surface Between 29 May and 7 June 2001, wind speed varied from near 1 to 13 m/s and the rms wave height varied between about 0.1 and 0.6 m, which indicated a wide range of sea state conditions for the ASIAEX ocean acoustic experiments conducted in the East China Sea (Fig. 5). Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home Initial Results Considerable progress has been made towards establishing a geoacoustic description of the ECS seabed [1,410], based on complementary approaches to inversion. It is important to keep in mind the diversity of acoustic field measurements, representing 1-way propagation and 2-way reverberation, made at frequencies ranging from O(1010000 Hz), that have been utilized for these geoacoustic inversions; such measurements interrogate the seabed in fundamentally different ways. Still, a fair degree of consistency has emerged. For example, the range of inverted sound speeds corresponding to the water-sediment interface is 15571643 m/s; at a depth of 0.5 m this range is 15901643 m/s, and at a depth of 1 m it is 16001650 m/s. In regards to sediment attenuation in the East China Sea, the ASIAEX results (summarized in Fig. 6) display both a linear and non-linear trend for attenuation as a function of frequency in the 50500 Hz frequency range. At this writing, the results in Fig. 6 point to more questions than answers. Clearly, understanding and reconciling this difference poses a challenge for follow-on analysis of ASIAEX data or for future experiments conducted in this same ECS region. It will also be efficacious to combine in future work ASIAEX inversion results that are complementary in their frequency dependence. For example, assigning geoacoustic estimates obtained at higher frequencies to the region near the water-sediment interface and geoacoustic estimates obtained at lower frequencies to deeper sediment regions should produce a geoacoustic model for the ECS that is robust over a broad frequency range. The transmission loss data for ASIAEX East China Sea described in [8], made along the three, 30-km length radials EM, FM and GM (Fig. 1), will be particularly valuable for future benchmarking. Figure 7 displays for the GM radial a subset of this data in the form of transmission loss estimates in dB re 1 m versus range for third-octave center frequencies between 40 and 2500 Hz. In terms of the role of sea state in governing the strength and coherence of shallow-water acoustic propagation and scattering over frequencies of O(10010000 Hz), the following results have emerged thus far. Energy loss in forward scattering from the sea surface associated with wind-speed dependent bubbles was measured over long (24 h) periods during ASIAEX [11]. Dependence of this kind of loss on wind speed is not clearly evident with the ASIAEX data alone, however when combined with the archival data the dependence is clear (Fig. 8). In contrast to coherent surface loss, incoherent loss (or energy loss) as exemplified by the ASIAEX data in Fig. 8 was small and difficult to precisely measure against ordinary statistical fluctuation, for wind speeds up to about 8 m/s. Figure 8 also illustrates for the ASIAEX conditions and measurement geometry, the poor correlation between energy loss and the parameter χ = 2kHsin Θ, where k is wave number, H is rms wave height, and Θ is the nominal sea surface grazing angle. More closely linked, however, with wave spectral properties is the spatial coherence of sound forward scattered from the sea surface, which was also measured. The measurements have been modeled with an approach that utilizes the van Cittert-Zernike theorem [12] in conjunction with the simultaneously measured sea surface spectral wave properties. The concept of a coherence volume, having applications in underwater acoustic imaging and communication, follows from this approach: for the ASIAEX acquisition geometries and surface conditions and for a 20-kHz source at a depth of 25 m and range of 0.5 km, a coherence volume exists for receivers between depths of 25 m and 50 m. This coherence volume relates to the spatial coherence of the sound field arriving via the surface bounce channel and consists of a vertical layer 0.5 m thick and 3 m in each of the two horizontal dimensions, or equivalently, 45 m3. The experimental observations in [13] show that the significant change in sea surface conditions between June 3 and June 5 (see Fig. 5) impacted the broadband [501000 Hz] reverberation during this period. Specifically, significantly higher (order 5 dB) mean reverberation levels were observed on June 3, when the rms wave height was 0.10 m and wind speed was lower (3 m/s), than on June 5, when the rms wave height was 0.34 m and the wind speed was 9 m/s. Mechanisms for this change associated with 2-way propagation and reflection loss from the sea surface have been proposed [13]. Whether or not the sea surface has a significant effect on the fidelity of geoacoustic inversions will depend on the sea state, the frequency range, and acoustic measure being inverted. We note that the completed inversion studies reported in this volume involving long-range propagation and multiple boundary interaction have not, as is common, addressed this issue per se. Yet, emerging studies [14] suggest, for example, that the aforementioned June 3-to-June 5 change in sea state does impact inversion results. It remains a challenge for future studies involving the ASIAEX ECS data to elucidate and distinguish first order, and higher order, influences of the sea surface on geoacoustic inversion results and uncertainties. Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements The results summarized here, and presented in greater detail in the IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. Special Issue, can only be regarded as a subset of the results expected to ultimately emerge from the ASIAEX East China Sea program. Taken together, this diverse set of ocean acoustic measurements, spanning a frequency range from tens of Hz to several kHz and representing a large range of temporal and spatial scales, will be brought to bear towards an improved understanding of shallow-water acoustics. Primary guidance and sponsorship for ASIAEX East China Sea came from the Office of Naval Research. Significant financial contributions were also received from sponsoring agencies within China. References [1] James H. Miller, Lous R. Bartek, Gopu R. Potty, Dajun Tang, J. Na, and Y. Qi, "Sediments in the East China Sea ," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [2] D. J. Tang, "Fine-scale measurements of sediment roughness and subbottom variability," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [3] Jie Yang, Shihong Zhou, Ji-Xun Zhou and James F. Lynch, "Internal Wave Characteristics at the ASIAEX site in the East China Sea," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [4] Jeewoong Choi and P.H. Dahl, "Mid to High Frequency Bottom Loss in the East China Sea," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [5] Kunde Yang, Yuanliang Ma, Chao Sun, James H. Miller, and G. R. Potty, "Multi-step Matched Field Inversion for Broadband Data from ASIAEX2001," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [6] Zhenglin Li, Renhe Zhang, Jin Yan, Fenghua Li and Jianjun Liu, "Geoacoustic inversion by matched-field processing combined with the vertical reflection coefficients and vertical correlation," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [7] Ji-Xun Zhou, Xue-Zhen Zhang, P. H. Rogers, J. A. Simmen, P. H. Dahl, Guoliang Jin, and Zhaohui Peng, "Reverberation Vertical Coherence and Seabottom Geoacoustic Inversion in Shallow Water," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [8] Zhaohui Peng, Ji-Xun Zhou, Peter H. Dahl and Renhe Zhang, "Seabed acoustic parameters from dispersion analysis and transmission loss in the East China Sea," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [9] H. L. Ge, H. F. Zhao, X. Y. Gong and E. C. Shang, "Bottom reflection phase shift estimation from ASIAEX data," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [10] Chen-Fen Huang and William S. Hodgkiss, "Matched Field Geoacoustic Inversion of LowFrequency Source Tow Data From the ASIAEX East China Sea Experiment," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [11] P. H. Dahl, "The Sea Surface Bounce Channel: Bubble-Mediated Energy Loss and Time/Angle Spreading ," In: High-Frequency Ocean Acoustics Conference, La Jolla, CA, March 2004. [12] P. H. Dahl, "Forward Scattering from the Sea Surface and the van Cittert-Zernike Theorm," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 115 (2), 589-599, 2004. [13] Fenghua Li, Jianjun Liu, and Renhe Zhang, "A model/data comparison for shallow water reverberation ," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2004 (Special Issue). [14] Ji-Xun Zhou, Xue-Zhen Zhang, Peter H. Dahl and Jeffrey A. Simmen, "Sea surface effects on reverberation vertical coherence and inverted bottom acoustic parameters," In: Proceedings 147th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 115, 2004. Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home
Table 2. List of research institutions involved in the 2000 ASIAEX East China Sea pilot study program.
Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home Fig. 1. Location of the ASIAEX East China Sea experimental site; clockwise from left large-scale view reducing to small scale (lower right) showing positions of the R/V Shi Yan 3 and R/V Melville near position M, and the outbound course of the R/V Shi Yan 2. Yellow circles in lower right panel show first three locations for deployment of broad band acoustic sources by the Shi Yan 2. The circle about the Shi Yan 3 has a radius of 1 nm. Fig. 2. Contours of the spatial distribution of mean grain size in phi units, based on the coring locations shown by the blue dots. Lower phi values indicate more sandy-like sediments, and higher phi values indicate more mud-and-sand-like sediments. The circle has radius 30 km with position M at center; dashed line is the historical mud-sand boundary discussed in [1] with sand to the southeast and mud-sand to the northwest. Figure adapted from ref. [1], and courtesy of Jim Miller, URI. Fig. 3. Photograph of seabed taken near position M, showing an example of indentations from bottom-dwelling organisms that are postulated to be responsible for the small-scale relief. (b) Measured spectra of seabed relief (colored lines) taken near position M, the average spectrum (dashed, black line), and model [2] for the average spectrum (solid, black line). Figures are adapted from ref. [2], and courtesy of Dajun Tang, APL-UW. Fig. 4. (a) An example of the time variation in the sound speed vertical structure for the East China Sea taken at position M, starting UTC 1200 on 2 June (Julian day 153), as measured by CTD. (b) A 24-h average of the data in (a), compared with an equivalent average of sound speed versus depth taken in the Yellow Sea in August 1996. Thick, blue line is 24-h average; thin, black lines are individual CTD measurements made hourly. Fig. 5. Time history of the wind and sea surface waves made during ASIAEX East China Sea. Wind speed was measured from the R/V Melville's IMET station and wave data were measured with a TRIAXYS directional wave buoy positioned approximately 500 m from the Melville. Top: Contour of directional averaged wave spectra (see [12] for example of directional wave data), taken every 0.5 h, with white dots showing location of peak frequency. Middle: Time series of rms waveheight, along with approximate time windows for acoustic experiments (symbol key bottom of figure). Bottom: Time series of wind speed; note that wind speed data continue slightly beyond the wave buoy recovery time. Fig. 6. Results of inversion for sediment attenuation in the East China Sea. Legend gives brief description of inversion approach, with broad band and narrow band defined as in Section II; reference numbers refer to the reference list. Fig. 7. Transmission loss in dB re 1 m as a function of range Position M along track MG (Fig. 1), and 1/3-octave bandwidth center frequency (data from [8]). Source and receiver depth each 50 m. Fig. 8. Estimates of energy loss for a single interaction with the sea surface as a function of wind speed for a nominal sea surface grazing angle of 9° and frequency 20 kHz. Results from ASIAEX and three other experiments are shown (year of experiment identified in legend, additional information given in [11]). Solid curve is model for energy loss (in [11]) due to attenuation from near-surface bubbles; model reaches a bound-phase (associated with bubble scattering) for wind speeds greater than about 12 m/s. Shaded area shows estimates of the non-dimensional parameter χ versus wind speed (plotted on same scale) corresponding to each ASIAEX loss estimate. This figure is an adaptation of a similar figure in [11], which does not include the χ data. Go to: Introduction Environmental Characterization Initial Results Concluding Remarks and Acknowledgements References Tables Figures ASIAEX ECS Home |


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Thursday, December 20, 2012
Christmas in Washington, DC
This is last year's tree:
I have memories of seeing this tree almost every year, and it seems to be getting smaller and smaller!
When I was little and when I took my kids when they were little, there were REAL reindeer, a burning yule log, hot cocoa, Santa, and of course the 50 trees decorated by state. This year there was only Santa's workshop that was darling, and when you got your picture taken with Santa they gave you a free digital download card with a code on it... times are changing! but it was free, imagine that!
It's pretty cool that we live near the White House and get to go into DC anytime we want. It took a trip to Europe for me to take my blinders off and appreciate DC more. It has so much to offer and is so beautiful.
I have toured the White House during Christmas before and it is jaw dropping gorgeous. They have 54 decorated trees this year. Here are some of the White House 2012 decorations:
Each year the White House chefs make a gingerbread house. This years is 300 lbs!
Their pooch "BO" is featured in alot of the seasonal decor.
The tree in the Blue Room:
Happy Holidays to all of our blog friends. Savor the journey!
Nancy and Bethany
Looking for help with your home? We have consulting services starting at $50. Contact us today for information.
16 comments:
What a treat to see the White House decorated, Nancy - thank you. And I think you are so right about beautiful architecture being right under our noses in the states. Perhaps because our country is relatively young compared to the European cities we love to visit, we don't think of it.
Merr Christmas to you and yours!
PhyllisHi, Nancy and Bethany -
Merry Christmas!! I hope you are well, and all ready for Christmas. I still have a gazillion things to do. Basement nearly done: sectional arrived, built-in and TV installed, coffee table here, rugs & runners done, staircase railing, painting. All ready for house guests. Now we need to enclose the porch, get heaters, food stuff....whew!
talk soon,
Love the way the entire apartments has been designed and decorated. Apartments in Chelsea NYC

subset: commoncrawl


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The Girl from Paris
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I completed this pastel drawing in about 3 days. I do not own the original photo.
This piece has also been published in Teen Ink's monthly print magazine.
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This art/photo has 4 comments. Post your own now!I think this is amazing. You should enter this in a contest, you'd totally win. It's perfect the way it is, and I don't think it needs an tweaking. Really good job!!!
Bluey said...
Jul. 3, 2013 at 10:06 am
Jul. 3, 2013 at 10:06 am
Awsome! This picture sooo cool!! Very talented, I'm impressed!!! Keep the pictures coming!
this is great! overall, it is very well done and has an almost worshipful quality to it. one issue I had with it is that the girl almost seems to be sliding off the edge of the frame, due to the cut of her jacket.
This is amazing! You're an incredibly talented artist. Keep up your great work :)


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Tell President Obama to sign an executive order requiring federal contractors to disclose their political spending.
Corporations that receive government contracts can secretly funnel untold sums to help elect (and re-elect) the very same lawmakers responsible for awarding those contracts.
Amend the Constitution to Get Big Money Out of Elections
We must amend the Constitution to undo the harm of decisions like Citizens United and McCutcheon, get big money OUT of elections and restore Government By the People.
Tell Legislators to Say NO to ALEC
State Legislators must sever existing, and avoid future, ties with the right-wing American Legislative Exchange Council.
Don't let the Right fix the next presidential election!
Recent proposals by some lawmakers to apportion electoral votes in presidential elections based on congressional district rather than being awarded in the current winner-take-all fashion by popular vote is outrageously undemocratic and would ignore the will of the voters in these states.
Emergency Petition to Save the Voting Rights Act
Last year, the Supreme Court severely weakened the Voting Rights Act & voter suppression laws were passed across the country. This year, we need to fix that. Add your name to the fight and tell Congress to act without delay to strengthen the Voting Rights Act!
Demand that Speaker Boehner relieve Rep. Scalise of his leadership position!
Majority Whip Steve Scalise's 2002 address to a white supremacist group requires that he be relieved of his top leadership role.
Tell the SEC: Make Corporations Disclose Political Spending
The SEC can and should require that all publicly traded corporations disclose how they're spending money to tilt elections.
Tell Congress to Pass the Government By the People Act!
Help put the power in our democracy back where it belongs: In the hands of the People.
Tell Senate Republicans: End the Obstruction!
Tell Senate Republicans: End the obstruction and procedural foot-dragging and confirm the president's judicial nominees!
Tell ALEC's Corporate Sponsors it's Time to Cut Ties. Tell them to Ditch ALEC!
Coca Cola, Pepsi and Kraft have all announced they're severing ties with the right-wing American Legislative Exchange Council. Tell other companies to do the same!
Tell Fox News: Dump Hatemonger Erik Rush
A Fox News contributor went too far in the wake of the tragic violence at the Boston Marathon. Read more & tell Fox to dump Erik Rush.


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Sometimes the milestone win is the toughest one to nail down. Just ask Dennis Smith.
The Delran High School wrestling coach on Wednesday night had his second chance to capture his 600th career victory, but for the second time he fell just short.
Despite getting out to an early lead, Delran got hit with a series of late pins and Eastern rallied for a 39-34 win over the Bears in a nonleague match. ...


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Titans placed WR Justin Hunter on injured reserve with a lacerated spleen, ending his season.
Titans coach Ken Whisenhunt said Monday that Justin Hunter (spleen) is "doing well" and should be released from the hospital within the "next day or so."
Titans WR Justin Hunter (lacerated spleen) will spend "at least" one more night in the hospital.
Justin Hunter (lacerated spleen) could remain hospitalized for a few days.
Justin Hunter suffered a lacerated spleen in Sunday's Week 13 loss at Houston and will remain hospitalized overnight.
Justin Hunter was hospitalized with stomach pain following the Titans' Week 13 loss to the Texans.
Justin Hunter caught four passes for 64 yards with one touchdown in Sunday's Week 12 loss at Philadelphia.
Titans declared WR Justin Hunter (knee) active for Sunday's Week 12 game at Philadelphia.
Justin Hunter (knee) is listed as questionable for Week 12.
Justin Hunter (knee) was upgraded to "full" on Thursday.
Justin Hunter (knee) was limited in Wednesday's practice.
Justin Hunter caught two passes for 48 yards in the Titans' Week 11 loss to the Steelers.
Justin Hunter has played on 94.0 percent of the snaps over the last four games, yet is averaging just 2.2 catches, 32.7 yards and 0.25 TDs during that span.
Justin Hunter caught one pass for 17 yards on two targets in the Titans' Week 10 loss to the Ravens.


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This blog is authored by Joshua Gans (Professor at the University of Melbourne) and is devoted to discussions of economics, strategy, occasional parenting and his own pop culture tastes.
Friday, February 10, 2006
The earlier the better
His papers are available on the web. But if I relate these findings to those in an earlier blog about IR reforms, I worry if the cost of those reforms is going to be much greater economically than anyone has appreciated to date. Coupled with the government's lacklustre approach to childcare and we are working in the wrong direction on this one.
4 comments:
how does this compare to what freakanomics says in that all the early developmental stuff for children is hogwash?
- Joshua Gans said...
No Freakanomics said that taking your kid to museums does not help. But taking kids out of violent neighbourhoods at regular intervals is another matter.
- David said...
It's funny that it's considered sort of cutting edge when economic research confirms what pretty much any teacher, parent, paediatrician, psychologist or childcare worker could have told you 100 years ago.
Still, it's positive. - 2/10/2006 03:03:00 PM
- hc said...
I agree. He has pointed out that changing things at early ages is effective but doesn't really address the issue of the costs of doing this. For one thing there are high transaction costs of intervening in families.
Still a fascinating story Heckman told. I want to read "inequality in America'. - 2/10/2006 09:43:00 PM


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Latest Articles
Anglican marriage changes: Why asking wife to 'submit' over 'obey' is a dangerous development
/ Aug 27, 2012 9:18AM / / ()
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The Anglican church in the diocese of Sydney is changing the wording of its marriage service to provide, optionally for couples who choose it, for the wife to submit to the husband. This replaces the old vow for the woman to 'obey' – made optional in the Anglican rite in 1928.
It is not my place to critique religious rites so long as they occur within a church context between consenting adults. However the Marriage Act 1961(Cth) provides that those who are recognised ministers of religion of a recognised denomination, are empowered to solemnise marriages under the Act.
Because marriage is an institution of law, ministers of religion are in my view effectively agents of the state in terms of solemnisation of marriage. It is concerning therefore that wives may undertake to submit to husbands in a legal process, even one that occurs within a church. This is so for two reasons.
The Many Faces of Marriage
Contemporary Australian debate around marriage involves a lack of distinction between its romantic, personal and religious aspects, and its legal effect. All these concepts seem to be perceived in the popular imagination within a cohesive whole. Indeed Christian organisations have been vocal in their conceptualisation of marriage within a Christian construction. (I have written before on some of the personal and the legal implications of marriage.)
Use of 'submit' as the foundation for a woman's promise to her husband raises the possibility of this term entering wider contemporary marriage discourse, including in the context of rights and obligations in the context of the law. On the basis that there is blatant widespread misapprehension of the concept of 'consent' in sexual relations (rape), the danger of validating a wife's obligation to 'submit' to her husband is in my view a real one.
At best, this word and all it implies muddies the waters. At worst, it may be used to justify violence and abuse: if not at law, then within the minds of those who perpetrate such abuse.
Submission and Sexism
ABC Radio has reported that the Sydney diocese denies that the obligation on a woman to submit is sexist. In my view this is patently incorrect for two very simple reasons. First, there is no equivalent obligation on men to submit to women. There is no parity in submission as between the parties. Indeed, how could there be? Mutual submission would destroy the power imbalance on which submission depends.
Furthermore, it is sexist because of this validated power differential in a way that places women as subordinate to men. For more on the loaded nature of submission, see Tara Moss here.
A Question of Justice
If the Church wants to facilitate a rite in which consenting couples submit to each other, it is free to do so. But when it is acting as the agent of the state to solemnise an institution of the law, it must be held to contemporary standards of justice. Validating women's submission to men fails to meet this standard.
An argument perhaps for the removal of marriage from the law?
()While discussion and debate is welcome, we do not tolerate name calling, personal attacks or other forms of abuse, and reserve the right to delete any comment we don't deem appropriate.
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text:
heinys, tiffanys, or retro 2001 royal/black aj1's?
dunk low sb 720
nike dunk low sb gibson
fly milk blazers
dino jr's-or dinosaur jr's
tough one no?
Unkles or Santana's ?
i'm thinkin santana's
i remember you explicitly said you dont like them though...i want an unbiased opinion but thanks
lol yea sorry it is a lil biased...i actually agree with fear though..the fur comes out and is way too much ...but i mean if you looked at the others like the marshalls or the 720's.
also guys i think i may have a chance at picking up skate mentals for semi cheap 150 ish or should i wait for the marshall amps i like both a lot
wReck: if money is not a problem, Unkles obviously.
I just bought some skate emntals for 100 dollars retail at my local shop. what can i expect to get reselling these? Flightclub has them listed at 300$, can I get 200? perfectly DS???


text:
ASCE OC-YMF 2015 Speaker Series - Engineering: Behind the Scenes
- Business & Professional
- 15600 Sand Canyon Road, Irvine, CA, 92618
Note change of date to Saturday August 3.
Come and join ASCE OC YMF at Sgt Pepper's Piano bar for some great music, good affordable drinks and a fun time in Downtown Long Beach. Be amazed by the dueling pianos while enjoying clasic songs, plus some burgers, salads and appetizers.
In order to ensure we can all get an area reserved together, we are required to collect the cover charge prior to entering. Please pay via EventBrite or contact Daniela Nieto to pay by check or cash. Please register on EventBrite so we can keep track of orders.
You are encourage to carpool, park on the streets or there is a parking structure close by.
We hope to see you all there!
Tickets may be bought via credit card on eventbrite or RSVP by emailing me at email@example.com
Need more information or have questions? Contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com
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text:
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Apr 22, 2009 | 5:17 PM EDT
- Daily 4th Place April 23, 2009
If you liked this, check these out!
:: Accidents At Home :: by illwillpress
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Plenty more like this here!
Foamy's Rant Foamy likes to speak his mind about the things that piss him off!
Author Comments
This is actually an older toon that I didn't post on NG for some reason. Yeah, the animation's kinda sucky compared to what I'm doing now (which some folks still think is sucky). So it is what it is. An old Foamy toon.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This is a great video. I honestly don't get why some people just overload their meds to relieve stress. I mean, geez, why don't you just meditate or whatever the hell? This perfectly explains the unnecessary addiction to meds and drugs that people have because they can't take the stress of two-three kids. Seriously? When I was a kid, my mom and dad handled THREE kids EVERY SINGLE DAY. Add to the fact that I had, and still have, Hyperactive/Impulsive-Type ADHD, my twin sister had and has ADD, my other, much older sister was and is bi-polar, and all of us were born earlier than we should have been, and it was a boatload of trouble! And both my parents NEVER did drugs or overdosed! Not trying to rant (and horribly failing) here, but seriously, people?
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
great cartoon...
dont get me wrong, i have been a fan of Foamy for years. yet i have a problem with some of the statements in this particular episode. cannabis (the actual name of the plant, Marijuana is the term the mexicans coined back hundreds of years ago) has been used as medicine for THOUSANDS of years.. archeologists have discovered cannabis seeds in ancient sumarian dig sites, it has been documented by chinese doctors dating back to 3000 b.c.. the only reason this particular plant is illegal today is because a few men in the US government back in the late 20s were protecting their financial interests in the petroleum and paper industries. in the almost 10,000 years that the human species has been consuming cannabis there has not been a single recorded death. there is not another substance on the planet that can say the same thing. and yes everyone does have their own personal addiction, be it drugs, food, sex, volunteering, etc. everyone has something they do to make themselves feel better, which is their addiction.. cannabis has thousands of uses, 1 of which would be an ALTERNATE fuel source which is easier to produce and renewable.
Rated 4 / 5 stars
It was pretty good.
I thought it was pretty clever, an well made. A lot of key points were made. I was in therapy and they just pawned meds on me, I realize now being off meds, they only make you worse. There is no "happy pill"


text:
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Summary: Nuclear Physics B244 (1984) 541-548 © North-Holland Publishing Company CONSTRAINTS ON GENERALIZED INFLATIONARY COSMOLOGIES L.F. ABBO'FI"m Physics Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA Mark B. WISE2 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Received 27 March 1984 We consider cosmologies having an inflationary period during which the Robertson-Walker scale factor is an arbitrary function of time satisfying /~> 0 (not necessarily an exponential). We show that any such inflationary period will produce long-wavelength gravitational waves which can affect present observations of the microwave background. Using present bounds on the quadrupole anisotropy we derive constraints on general inflationary cosmologies. Models with power law inflation (R ~ P') are considered in detail and the maximum reheating temperature is given as a function of p. Finally, predictions for the anisotropy of the microwave background produced by gravitational waves generated by ordinary exponential inflation are presented. 1. Introduction The homogeneity and spatial flatness of the present universe strongly suggest that some time in the past a period of inflationary expansion occurred [I]. In the usual inflationary cosmology [1], the Robertson-Walker scale factor grows exponentially
Source: Abbott, Laurence - Center for Neurobiology and Behavior & Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University
Collections: Biology and Medicine


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Migration | |
Asylum | |
Main Difficulties | |
1. Migration
Although Romania has been a source of emigration since the revolution in 1989, fewer citizens are now leaving the country. In 1990, 96,919 Romanians permanently settled abroad. In 1994, the figure was only 18,148, in 1996, 24,888 and in 1997 21,635 137. 21,643 Romanians, who left the country during the communist period, returned to their home country between 1990 and 1995 138.
Romania remains a transit country for most migrants, although many give up their plan to go to Western Europe and try to find work in Romania.
Illegal migration
At the moment, Romania faces serious problems concerning the prevention of illegal immigration. From 1993 to 1996, 45,000 foreigners have been refused entry; 15,000 living illegally in the country have been discovered by the authorities, but were allowed to stay in the country though more than 1,800 have been returned to their countries of origin. In November 1997, the unofficial number of illegal migrants reached 25,000 139.
The majority come from Turkey, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Egypt and intend to go to the West, especially Germany. Three main routes cross Romania - two of them are organized from Moscow as departure point. One goes from Moscow to Chisinãu to Hungary, the other from Moscow to Kyiv to Hungary. These routes are used for migrants coming from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt and Nigeria. The third route is the southern one and is used by Iranians and Iraqis who cross Bulgaria and Romania to Hungary 140.
The 'Law on Foreigners' was adopted in September 1998. It stipulates that persons cannot house foreigners who do not have passports and valid visas. Persons housing foreigners will have to inform the police of their presence within 48 hours, hotels within 24 hours. According to the law, the 'citizens of the states known as having immigration tendencies' who request visas for Romania will have to present a written invitation from a Romanian citizen (or legal person) approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Besides the Ministry´s approval, the invitation must also contain the host's declaration that he will take responsibility for expenses during the foreigners' stay in Romania, as well proof of a bank guarantee. The tourist companies, through which foreigners from these countries come to Romania, are also obliged to provide bank guarantees. The Romanian authorities can refuse the visa if the foreigner does not prove that he has enough money for his stay in Romania should there be evidence of his intention to remain there, in cases of diseases which jeopardize public health or in the case of criminal records.
The law stipulates the maximum length of the different kinds of visas: business and employment visas will be granted for a period of maximum 30 days, with the possibility of prolonging it for up to 6 months. The same regulation is valid for foreign journalists. The tourist visa can be granted for 60 days and can be prolonged for up to 60 days; the transit visa is granted for 3 days without the possibility of prolongation.
85 countries are considered 'as at risk'.
Border control
The activities of human traffickers have sharply increased. The Romanian authorities have implemented several legislative and administrative measures, border controls have been tightened in order to improve the possibilities of identifying false passports and travel documents, forged visas and means of transport for trafficking in human beings. Within the framework of the PHARE programme, border posts have been modernized. The granting of visas for people from emigration countries (a list containing 85 countries has been drawn up and a visa for transiting airports for the citizens of Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Ghana, Iran, Iraq, Somalia, Sri-Lanka, ex-Zaire, Pakistan and Bangladesh has been introduced 141) has become more restrictive. Staff of the Border Police are trained in special courses at the Police Academy of the Ministry of the Interior.The law on the status of customs staff was debated at the chamber of deputies in October 1998 after having being adopted by the senate. Title VI of this law provides for improving of financial conditions of the customs staff in order to protect it from temptation of bribery and corruption. Additionally, information exchange and cooperation with border police units in Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, Ukraine and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have been improved.
Despite these activities, the lack of financial resources makes efficient border controls, and especially the expulsion of illegal immigrants to their country of origin, very difficult. Cooperation with Europol remains an important political option for Romania. The European Commission states that no significant progress has been recorded on border controls, though this was one of the three short-term priorities of the accession partnership. Particular attention should be paid to the borders with Moldova and Ukraine, and the port of Constanza 142.
Readmission agreements
Romania has negotiated and concluded readmission agreements with 15 countries in Europe and with India. Readmission agreements have been concluded with the following countries: Austria, Benelux, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Negotiations are underway with Portugal, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Ukraine, Belarus, China, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Turkey, Latvia, Yugoslavia, Lebanon and Iran 143.
2. Asylum
Following the 1989 democratic transformation, Romania, having previously been considered uniquely as a source of refugees fleeing the communist regime, quickly became an asylum country.
Asylum claims between 1991 and mid-1998:
Status of Claims |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
31.07.98 |
Total |
Refugee claims submitted |
315 |
426 |
928 |
647 |
634 |
584 |
1424 |
606 |
5564 |
Refugee status granted |
315 |
41 |
0 |
16 |
94 |
94 |
80 |
215 |
855 |
Claims rejected (First Instance) |
0 |
327 |
0 |
209 |
348 |
522 |
214 |
1773 |
3393 |
Claims withdrawn |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
155 |
93 |
75 |
30 |
353 |
Claims abandoned |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1085 |
- |
- |
1085 |
Voluntary repatriation |
0 |
50 |
20 |
16 |
55 |
47 |
19 |
61 |
268 |
Source: The Office of Refugees, Bucharest, August 1998
Main country of origin of asylum seekers:
Country of origin |
Number of Claims |
Refugee status granted |
Bangladesh |
1280 |
- |
Iraq |
1057 |
229 |
Somalia |
458 |
349 |
Sri Lanka |
411 |
1 |
Iran |
400 |
77 |
Albania |
346 |
5 |
India |
162 |
- |
Turkey |
160 |
14 |
Pakistan |
48 |
3 |
Source: The Office of Refugees, Bucharest, August 1998
Procedure and legal basis
Romania acceded to the 1951 Geneva Convention and its Protocol of 1967 without reservations according to Law n 1 46/1991. A committee for migration problems was created (Decision n E 417/91). The recommendations of the UNHCR concerning minimum standard guarantees are applied. The law concerning the status of refugees in Romania entered into force on 5 May 1996 and is in line with the 1951 Convention and its Protocol. Asylum seekers coming from war-torn areas can be granted refugee status for humanitarian reasons even if the conditions of the 1951 Geneva Convention are not fulfilled 144. During the provisional period, the asylum seeker has the right to a temporary identity document, to necessary living support and social assistance.
Refugee status is not granted to a foreigner who has committed a crime against peace and humanity or a crime in Romania for which Romanian law provides a sentence of more than three years (Article 4 of the Law on the Status of Refugees). Foreigners applying for asylum in Romania have to submit a written and detailed application to a diplomatic mission, to a consular office, to the General Department of the border police or to Romanian territorial bodies. If the application is made to the border police, the foreigner is allowed to enter the country if he has valid entry documents and the necessary visa or if he is arriving directly from the territory where his life or freedom are in danger. Responsibility for interviewing the applicant and analysing the reasons for granting refugee status lies with a commission appointed by the government and composed of representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection. UNHCR representatives can assist in the proceedings. The commission will decide whether to approve or reject the application within 30 days of its receipt (Article 10 of the Law on the Status of Refugees). According to Article 11, refugee status can also be refused if the asylum seeker dishonestly refuses to provide all data and information necessary for the Romanian authorities to deal with the request, if he tries to obtain refugee status by giving false data or information or if he does not observe the obligation stipulated in Article 10 (e.g. the asylum seeker must undergo a medical examination and remain at the residence locality, unless otherwise authorized).
An appeal against the decision of the commission is possible.
According to Article 15 of the Law on the Status of Refugees, a Convention refugee has the right to stay on Romanian territory and receive adequate documents, to work in Romania, to undertake all forms of education and to receive refundable support within the limits of the state's financial possibilites 145. In practice, it is very difficult for a refugee to find employment without sufficient knowlege of the Romanian language and no language courses are organized. UNHCR assistance constitutes the main financial support and hundreds of needy asylum seekers and refugees rely on it. The slim chances of integration have forced numbers of recognized refugees to leave Romania.
Main difficulties
The new Law on Refugees contains some doubtful provisions: refugee status may be granted for only three years (Article 22 of the Romanian Refugee Law), and is subject to a further two-year extension. Another worrying provision of the law is that it denies access to asylum to those who arrive at the border without valid documents, unless they arrive directly from the country in which they have been persecuted 146.
As in all the CEECs, integration within the country is not easy and there is no access to free language courses. In the field of border control, there seems to be no significant progress, though the problem of illegal immigration is growing.
137. Council of Europe, CDMG, 'Evolution récente des politiques relatives aux migrations et aux migrants', Provisional version, 28 August 1998, p.66
138. Statement of the representative of the Republic of Romania at the meeting of the Committee on Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs of the European Parliament with corresponding Committees of the Parliaments of the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, June 1996
139. Nine O'Clock, 7/8 November 1997
140. Council of Europe, CDMG, 'Evolution récente des politiques relatives aux migrations et aux migrants', Provisional version, 28 August 1998, p.66
141. Romanian Mission to the EU, Florin Saghi, Counsellor, August 1998
142. European Commission, 'Progress towards accession', November 1998
143. Romanian Mission to the EU, Florin Saghi, August 1998
144. Statement of the representative of the Republic of Romania, at the meeting of the Committee on Civil Liberties and Internal Affairs of the European Parliament with corresponding Committees of the Parliaments of the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, June 1996
145. Romanian Business Journal, 'The law concerning the status and conditions of refugees in Romania', April 1996, p.12
146. UNHCR, information bulletin, September 1998
© European Parliament: February 1999 |


text: The exhibition bits and pieces at dr. julius | ap brings together Wolfgang Berndt's generative graphics with Burchard Vossmann's objects and collages. The works shown here stand in stark contrast to each other in terms of creative process: while Berndt's parametric structures and modulations, produced using software developed by the artist himself, are created digitally, Vossmann's process is thoroughly analog-his works are serial arrangements of varied, carefully chosen materials from his vast collection of objects from daily life, or mechanically shredded pieces of printed matter. |


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A beautiful round red cinnabar lacquer with lid in metal box, in excellent condition. Marked. D: 15.5cm $525 |


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text:
152 str for Soulflay Fork, 380 for Korybante's Shield, 440 for Hephaestus' shield. Though you'll probably need to be a Templar for both of those shields.
358 Dex for the Soulflay Fork.
Everything else to INT.
Bearing in mind bonus from items and the stats you get from your masteries.


text:
Authorities say a second person has been charged in an illegal buttocks implant in Mississippi that killed a Georgia woman in March.
The Mississippi attorney general's office said Monday that 39-year-old Natasha Stewart of Memphis, Tenn., was arrested Jan. 3. She will be returned to Mississippi.
Stewart, who also goes by Pebbelz, was indicted on charges of murder, wire fraud, conspiracy to commit murder and conspiracy to commit wire fraud.
It wasn't immediately clear whether she had an attorney.
Morris Garner, who also goes by Tracey Lynn Garner, was previously charged with depraved-heart murder and is said to have performed the procedure at his house in Jackson, Miss.
Investigators have said the silicone-like substance that was injected into 37-year-old Karima Gordon caused blood clots in her lungs and killed her.
2nd person charged in buttocks implant death
Published On: Jan 07 2013 11:03:39 PM CST
Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.
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this wiki
This article or section is a Cataclysm stub. You can help expand it by editing it.
Nerve Tonic | |
Start | Mack Fearsen |
End | Mack Fearsen |
Level | 81 Requires Level 80 |
Category | Kelp'thar Forest |
Experience | 27,700 XP or 1323 at Level 90 |
Rewards | [Mack's Deep Sea Grog] x10 7 80 |
Previous | Can't Start a Fire Without a Spark |
[show]Objectives Edit
Mack[57.3, 29.3] wants you to collect 5 Sunken Cargo in the Kelp'thar Forest.
Description Edit
How am I feelin', you ask?
Well, after bein' yanked from the deck of our ship by a giant sea monster and then left to drown in the sea... not so good!
My nerves are gettin' the best of me, to be honest.
If you could round up some of the supplies that are sure to be floatin' around the nearby wrecks, I could likely whip up somethin' that'll take the edge off...
Progress Edit
Were ya able to grab some supplies, <race>?
Completion Edit
I trust we both know what's been going on inside these crates...
That's right... ferrrmenntation! Here y'are. My personal secret recipe.
You wouldn't get this from any other guy!
Rewards Edit
You will receive:
- 7 80
- [Mack's Deep Sea Grog] (x10)
Notes Edit
Pick up Ophidophobia from Adarrah before heading out and make sure to start The Horde's Hoard from the [Tattered Treasure Map] as well.
The supplies are floating all around Gorrok's Lament, just northeast of Smuggler's Scar.
Trivia Edit
"You wouldn't get this from any other guy" is a reference to the infamous Rick Roll, a song by Rick Astley made into an internet meme.
Quest progressionEdit
- [81] Better Late Than Dead
- [81] The Abyssal Ride
- [81] Good Deed Left Undone
- [81] Gimme Shelter!
- [81] Ain't Too Proud to Beg
- Side quests: [81] A Case of Crabs, [81] The Horde's Hoard
- [81] Can't Start a Fire Without a Spark
- Side quests: [81] A Girl's Best Friend, [81] A Taste For Tail
- [81] Ophidophobia
- Side quests: [81] Nerve Tonic, [81] Kliklak's Craw
Patch historyEdit
Patch 4.0.3a (2010-11-23): Added


text:
+myConnections: Engage your community - connect to news, events and information you care about. View more information...
Debbie Wilmot
127 points
BG Hicks
20 points
Lafayette PIO
10 points
Personalize your online experience to stay up-to-date on news, events and other information.
Suzanne $24,000 James Vilona Hand cast bronze with patina Cleveland & S. Public Rd


text:
To: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
Subject: | CVS firstname.lastname@example.com: linux |
From: | Kanoj Sarcar <firstname.lastname@example.com> |
Date: | Thu, 11 May 2000 19:21:22 +0000 |
Sender: | firstname.lastname@example.com |
CVSROOT: /home/pub/cvs Module name: linux Changes by: firstname.lastname@example.com 00/05/11 12:21:22 Modified files: arch/mips64/kernel: process.c signal.c signal32.c Log message: When last_task_used_math gets the cpu, ST0_CU1 is set during context switch. All other FP programs have ST0_CU1 cleared in their thread_struct, so that they incur faults on first touching the FPU, and are made the FPU owner, aka last_task_used_math. used_math determines whether a thread has used the FPU before; if not, the FPU needs to be initialized before it can own the FPU. Note: a FP program that has already been using the fpu (not neccesarily the owner), must reinit the fpu if it uses the fpu in a signal handler; a sigreturn restores the original context, discarding the context of the handler. |
Previous by Date: | CVS email@example.com: linux, Leo Dagum |
Next by Date: | CVS email@example.com: linux, Kanoj Sarcar |
Previous by Thread: | CVS firstname.lastname@example.com: linux, Leo Dagum |
Next by Thread: | CVS firstname.lastname@example.com: linux, Kanoj Sarcar |
Indexes: | [Date] [Thread] [Top] [All Lists] |


text:
(A) A majority of the members of the board shall concur in the adoption of new or amended rules, or the rescission of existing rules. Any opposition by a member of the board to the adoption of a new or amended rule, or the rescission of an existing rule may be noted in the resolution to adopt or rescind.
(B) A copy of each proposed new, amended, or rescinded rule shall be filed, as required by law, at least thirty days prior to any public hearing on the matter.
(C) Notice of any such public hearing shall be provided at least thirty calendar days prior to the date of the public hearing.
(1) Notice of the hearing shall be published in the register of Ohio pursuant to section 119.037 of the Revised Code.
(2) The notice shall contain a statement of the board's intention to consider the adoption of a new or amended rule, or the rescission of an existing rule; the subject matter to which the proposed new, amended, or rescinded rule relates; and the date, time and place of the public hearing.
(3) In all other respects, the adoption of a new or amended rule, or rescission of an existing rule shall be governed by the provisions of section 119.03 of the Revised Code.
(D) The board or its agent shall make all certifications required by law when making a final filing of any new, amended, or rescinded rules.
119.032 review dates:
01/07/2014 and
Under: 119.03
Authority: 124.03
Amplifies: 119.03 ,
Effective Dates: 7/7/79, 2/14/86, 3/1/93,


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Florida Health Information Center
Additional public health and medicine links, as well as a health topics search engine are found below. | |||||||||
The Florida Health Information Center was created by the Florida Legislature to serve as a statewide Type II Center for the acquisition and dissemination of relevant, policy-oriented health services research and other information to public and private health organizations in the state. This health information website is an enhancement of the FHICs ability to carry out its mandate. The rapid and unregulated proliferation of health information on the Internet makes increasingly necessary a source of reliable, objective, and credible information. The aim of the FHIC is to offer a research-based portal for inquiries into health information for use by consumers, care givers, health care providers, and staff of a variety of Florida State agencies. Because of FHICs expertise and experience, we can provide linkages to navigating sources of reliable and pertinent information that best fit the widely divergent needs of the many populations we serve. Thus, in addition to providing linkages to Federal government agencies and databases, such as CDC, HRSA, AHCPR, HCFA, NIOSH, and Florida state agency websites and online information, such as Florida's AHCA, DOI, DCFS, we will provide direct access to current research conducted by College of Public Health and other USF faculty, and will also highlight hot topics in public health.
The FHIC supports and will conform to evolving consensus standards on
the critical evaluation of health information on the Internet, as outlined
in the document Criteria for Evaluating Internet Health Information proposed
by the Health Summit Working Group. For further information about these
standards, please see the website, http://hitiweb.mitretek.org/hswg. For more information about us, please click on the following links:
The Headings below link to pages with explanations about the links, for those wishing for additional information. The italicized links under a Heading will take you to pages with information and searching guidance on that topic. The highlighted -links under each heading will take you directly to the relevant websites. | |||
Your Feedback is important to us. To send us your comments or suggestions for additional topics or sources of reliable information, please click here. To return to the top of the Florida Health Information Center homepage, please click here |
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