text:
Calif. Wine Collector Convicted Of Fraud In N.Y.
Wine connoisseurs rejoiced after a jury took less than two hours to return a guilty verdict against Rudy Kurniawan.
Rape Charges For Former White Plains Teacher After Alleged Encounters With Boy, 14
A former Westchester County teacher was arraigned on rape charges Wednesday, after she allegedly had a sexual affair with a 14-year-old boy who attended her school.
Woman, 86, Dies After Hitting Head On Pavement During NYC Marathon
An 86-year-old California woman has died, after she hit her head on the pavement while competing in the ING New York City Marathon this past weekend.
State Senator: New York Law Against Revenge Porn Should Be Tougher Than Calif. Law
A New York State Senator who is seeking a statewide ban on revenge porn said this week that a similar law in California does not go far enough.
California Beat Connecticut 12-1, Advances To LLWS Championship Game
California will play Japan for the World Series title on Sunday. Japan beat Mexico 3-2 earlier Saturday.
Dick Van Dyke Escapes Burning Car Without Injury In Southern California
Legendary actor Dick Van Dyke escaped without injury after he was rescued from his burning sports car Monday in Southern California.
'Private Benjamin' Actress Eileen Brennan Dies At 80
Actress Eileen Brennan – perhaps known for playing the no-nonsense drill sergeant in the movie "Private Benjamin" – has died.
LA's Best Public Beaches And Reservoirs
From among any other big cities in the entire country, Los Angeles is arguably the most alluring when it comes to enjoying a sensational summer day spent by the sea.
Wet June Causing Poor Growing Conditions On Long Island Strawberry Farms
June is the peak season for strawberries on Easter Long Island, but farmers said that this month has been more like November.
Transform Father's Day Into The Adventure Of A Lifetime
Want to do something fun with your dad for Father's Day? Check out these exciting activities that are sure to be an adventure!
A Guide To Malibu, California's Best Beaches
Malibu is well known for its beauty, splendor and, of course, crashing waves over more than 20 miles up and down the coast. Here are a few of the best beaches in Malibu.
Syracuse Overcomes Poor Shooting To Top Cal 66-60
C.J. Fair scored 18 points, James Southerland added 14 and the fourth-seeded Orange survived a second-half drought of more than 12 minutes without a field goal to beat No. 12 seed California 66-60 on Saturday night in the NCAA tournament.
San Francisco Bay Area's Best Beaches
The San Francisco Bay Area is home to over 30 stunning beaches, both right on the Pacific Ocean, as well as inland. Explore dozens of beautiful Bay Area beaches, from great views to awesome hikes, and even to the perfect road trip pit stop.
Phil Mickelson Apologizes, Regrets Airing Opinion On Taxes
Mickelson, regarded as the "People's Choice" for his connection with fans, put his popularity on the line with comments about how much he has to pay in state and federal taxes.
Stories From Main Street: Rockland Native To Perform Good Works In All 50 States
A person needs courage to follow the road not taken. Rockland County native Mark Svensson and his wife Esmine are taking that chance.


text:
BlackHawk Holster For Taurus Judge w/3" Barrel
Model 410540BKR | Condition Factory New |
Bud's Item # 55917 | UPC 648018116841 |
*Please Note!! Many of our pictures are stock photo's provided to us by the manufacturer and do not necessarily represent the actual item being purchased. Please verify this picture accurately reflects the product described by the title and description on this page before you place your order.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
NWAR: Trench Warfare
Detective Nwar gets his hands dirty for a political campaign.
4.44 / 5.00 3,187 ViewsWhen I first started making this, i planned to be true to the vietnam war and be a realistic little movie. But I couldn't find any sprites that looked like vietcong so I got lazy and made this piece of crap. I got really lazy and as you'll see none of the enemies fight back and the movie is really short. But i started it, so i had to finish it. Enjoy, or at least try.
Well, i like rock and music from Woodstock'69 is awesome. Also animation of main heroes good.
Not bad
The animation was pretty solid, but it felt like it could be just a little tighter somehow. Also, the fact that the normal soldiers just stood there and didn't even try to fight back kind of broke the immersion. The music here is really good, as these songs were made specifically in that era to protest the war. Combine that with the realistic background and the fact that Guile just looks like he fits there, and it all plays off each other very well. My only problem with that, though, is that you reused a song. That's a huge no-no because there are few things that break the immersion better than familiarity.
The introduction where he was running was also a little long, and after a while, I almost thought that this was just going to be a loop of him running. The text boxes were also a bit unintuitive. I would have appreciated it if the text appeared instantly, and I had control of when we moved onto the next part of the conversation. All in all, you have some great elements here, so you just need to work on making them all come together.
Thanks for the review, these are definitley things ill keep in mind in the future, I really meant for this to be a lot better but I'm weak, I can't work on something slowly If i dont get it done within a couple of days I just cant work on it anymore or i leave it alone and pick it back up a year later, i have so self control. hopefully my movies will get better
It's just that it was alfully slow paced. From the story to the action. I liked the concept of makign the movie. But having captain America just walk up to people and then attack made it slow. Wolverine was done a little better though. I would say that if everything had just been faster paced it would have been a lot better.
Yah orginally i made captain america walk slow and attack stuff because of laziness, I didn't like any of captains americas other attacks,(he has a lot of kicks, for some reason, I dont think i've ever seen him kick someone before) and i didn't feel like dealing with the whole shield bullshit because i din't figure this would be anygood anyway, so as i started animating it I thought it would be bad ass if captain america just walked up to everyone slowly because he's such a badass and hes like a foot taller than everyone, THEN BAM he punches some guys head off... yah...
lmao this is great
although the people never fought back it was funny ad in the end it looked like wolverine was poking his nose but the mvie rocked


text:
House M.D.: Season 1, Episode 12Sports Medicine (22 Feb. 2005) 8.3
A detoxed sports star about to make his comeback breaks his arm due to brittle bones. Clinic Cases: Woman with leg pain; man trying to remove his contact lenses; a dentist with various issues and a hung over teenager; all in 70 seconds. Director:Keith Gordon |
0Share... |


text:
This chapter considers the extent to which renewable technologies might contribute to the future U.S. electric power supply. To come to conclusions about the level that renewables might contribute to electricity generation, we focus on scenarios of the technologic, economic, environmental, and implementation-related characteristics that may enable a greater fraction of renewable electricity. How much these factors might affect the market penetration of any individual renewable resource would depend on the rate at which generation from additional renewables is introduced. Under business as usual conditions without major policy initiatives to speed deployment, the introduction of renewables into electricity markets can continue at a moderate pace, with the growth rate and technology learning following a conventional S curve. But if policy makers or external conditions were to bring a sense of urgency to addressing concerns such as energy security or climate change, the question would become how to accelerate the market penetration of renewables while minimizing impacts on electricity's price, the environment, the reliability of electricity service, and the ability of industry to manufacture and deploy relevant technologies. The scenarios selected by the panel allow exploration of such issues.
The scenarios discussed below in this chapter were chosen to represent aggressive but achievable rates of renewables deployment in the U.S. electricity sector, provided that significant policy and financial resources are devoted to the effort. Scenarios do not represent a simple extrapolation of historical growth rates; instead, they reflect a more integrated perspective on the conditions required to scale up renewables deployment. The panel's criteria in choosing the particular scenarios it presents were whether the scenario was developed with input from
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7 Scenarios
his chapter considers the extent to which renewable technologies might
contribute to the future U.S. electric power supply. To come to conclu-
sions about the level that renewables might contribute to electricity
generation, we focus on scenarios of the technologic, economic, environmental,
and implementation-related characteristics that may enable a greater fraction of
renewable electricity. How much these factors might affect the market penetra-
tion of any individual renewable resource would depend on the rate at which
generation from additional renewables is introduced. Under business as usual
conditions without major policy initiatives to speed deployment, the introduction
of renewables into electricity markets can continue at a moderate pace, with the
growth rate and technology learning following a conventional S curve. But if pol-
icy makers or external conditions were to bring a sense of urgency to addressing
concerns such as energy security or climate change, the question would become
how to accelerate the market penetration of renewables while minimizing impacts
on electricity's price, the environment, the reliability of electricity service, and the
ability of industry to manufacture and deploy relevant technologies. The scenar-
ios selected by the panel allow exploration of such issues.
The scenarios discussed below in this chapter were chosen to represent
aggressive but achievable rates of renewables deployment in the U.S. electric-
ity sector, provided that significant policy and financial resources are devoted to
the effort. Scenarios do not represent a simple extrapolation of historical growth
rates; instead, they reflect a more integrated perspective on the conditions required
to scale up renewables deployment. The panel's criteria in choosing the particular
scenarios it presents were whether the scenario was developed with input from
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Electricity from Renewable Resources
multiple stakeholder groups and whether it underwent peer review. The panel
also considered the degree to which each scenario assessed not simply deployment
rates and cumulative levels of generation but also economic, financial, human,
and environmental facets. Many of the scenarios described here have been released
over the past few years, which helps ensure that inputs to the scenarios reflect
recent conditions.
Scenarios provide conceptual and quantitative frameworks to describe and assess
how renewable resources' contribution to electricity supply might be significantly
increased. Such scenarios are a primary way to quantify materials and manu-
facturing requirements, human and financial resource needs, and environmental
impacts that come with greatly expanding electricity generation from renewable
electricity sources. These scenarios typically use qualitative analysis, quantitative
assumptions, and computational models of the energy, economic, and/or electricity
systems. They attempt to integrate the environmental, technologic, economic, and
deployment-related elements into an internally consistent analytical framework.
The panel considered two types of scenarios. The first type analyzes increased
market penetration of a single resource, such as solar or wind. A prominent
example is the 20 percent wind study (DOE, 2008) described in more detail in the
following section. Examples for solar energy include the Solar America Initiative
(DOE, 2007b), the U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap (SEIA, 2001, 2004), and
the 10 percent solar study (Pernick and Wilder, 2008). The scenarios described
here are used to assess issues such as:
• Land-use impacts, manufacturing and employment requirements, and
economic costs associated with an assumed market penetration of a
single renewable resource (e.g., 20 percent electricity generation from
wind power or more than 50 percent electricity generation from solar);
• The additional transmission, distribution, and other technologies
needed to incorporate or enhance the use of intermittent renewable
resources in the electricity market; and
• The cost-reduction trajectories needed to make solar electricity widely
competitive with other electricity sources.
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A second type of scenario examines how renewables interact with other
sources of electricity, other sources of energy, and end-use energy demands (CCSP,
2007; EIA, 2008a). Through the use of long-term energy–economic models, these
scenarios enable assessment of the potential impacts of demographic, economic,
and regulatory factors on renewable electricity within a framework that considers
the whole energy sector. The scenarios described here are used to explore issues
such as:
• How wider energy–economic interactions and the electricity market
could affect market penetration by renewables;
• The impacts of environmental, economic, and/or energy policies on
end-use demand and electricity generation from renewables and other
These scenarios, as with the reference case scenario presented in Chapter 1,
are not predictors of the future, and the results of scenarios are not forecasts.
Rather, they are descriptions of one set of conditions that could result in signifi-
cantly increased market penetration by one or several renewables over what is
estimated based on present-day conditions and a business-as-usual future. They
demonstrate the costs, benefits, and scale of the challenges associated with increas-
ing the integration of renewables into the electricity sector.
ExAMPLES OF HIGH-PENETRATION SCENARIOS
20 Percent National Wind Penetration Scenario
The American Wind Energy Association and DOE's National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) developed a scenario assuming that 20 percent of electricity
generation would come from wind power by 2030 (DOE, 2008). The scenario
included assessments of the wind resource base, materials and manufacturing
requirements, environmental and siting issues, transmission and system integra-
tion, costs, and public policy drivers (Smith and Parsons, 2007). The scenario
estimated that more than 300 GW of new wind power capacity would be needed
to meet a goal of 20 percent market penetration by wind, of which about 250 GW
would be installed onshore and 50 GW installed offshore. Under this scenario,
in 2030 wind power would produce about 1.2 million GWh out of a total U.S.
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Electricity from Renewable Resources
electricity generation of 5.8 million GWh. All impacts for the 20 percent wind
scenario (such as costs and impacts on CO2 emissions) were estimated through
a comparison to a base case that assumed no new wind capacity additions after
2006, which is a more pessimistic base case in terms of wind power than both the
AEO 2007 and AEO 2008 versions (EIA, 2008b,c). Because the 2008 DOE report
contained "influential scientific information" as defined by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget's (OMB's) Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review, it was
subjected to interagency peer review.
Manufacturing, Materials, and Resources
Manufacturing and other requirements to implement a 20 percent wind scenario
are significant. Figure 7.1 shows the amount of annual installed capacity needed
to increase to 300 GW by 2030 from approximately 12 GW in 2006. Though
the scenario limited the annual capacity increase to 20 percent, it assumed an
350 18
Cumulative Installed Capacity (Gigawatts)
Cumulative GW Installed (left axis)
Annual Installed Capacity (Gigawatts)
Annual GW Installed (right axis)
200 10
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
FIGURE 7.1 Annual and cumulative generation needed to achieve 20 percent wind
generation of electricity by 2030.
Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; presented in Wiser, 2008.
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extremely large expansion of manufacturing, materials, and installation capacities.
It projected that by 2018 the amount of annual installed capacity in the United
States would be more than 16 GW, compared to a global wind turbine manufac-
turing output of about 15 GW in 2007 (DOE, 2007a). As discussed in Chapter 1
of the present report, an additional 5 GW of capacity was added in the United
States in 2007 and more than 8 GW in 2008, both exceeding the trajectory for the
20 percent wind scenario. Even assuming that growth outside the United States
would be more modest, this scenario would require a continued large expansion
of the manufacturing base. Global growth in wind power is likely to continue to
be strong. For example, the Commission of the European Communities' roadmap
for renewables proposes that the European Union establish a mandatory target of
20 percent for renewable energy's share of energy consumption in the EU by 2020,
much of which would be met with wind power (Commission of the European
Communities, 2007).
The 20 percent wind scenario also contains critical challenges to fulfill mate-
rials, capital, and employment requirements. Table 7.1 shows the level of raw
materials needed to meet this scenario. While some quantities would be small
relative to global production, Smith and Parsons (2007) concluded that supplying
fiberglass, core materials (balsa and foam), and resins could be difficult, as would
supplying a sufficient number of wind turbine gearboxes. Assuming that the aver-
age-sized wind turbine would be in the 1–3 MW range, with modest introduc-
tion of large 4- to 6-MW turbines, there could be a total of almost 100,000 wind
turbines installed (Wiley, 2007; DOE, 2008). The average number of turbines
TABLE 7.1 Raw Materials Requirements for 20 Percent Wind Scenario (thousands of tons per
Glass- Carbon
Reinforced Fiber
Year Concrete Steel Aluminum Copper Plastic Composite Adhesive Core
2010 6,800 460 4.6 7.4 30 2.2 5.6 1.8
2015 16,200 1,200 15 10 74 9 15 5
2020 37,000 2,600 30 20 162 20 34 11
2025 35,000 2,500 28 19 156 19 31 10
2030 10
34,000 2,300 26 18 152 18 30
Source: Adapted from material in Wiley, 2007.
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TABLE 7.2 Net Present Value Direct Electricity Sector Costs for 20 Percent Wind Scenario and
No-New-Wind Scenario
NPV Direct Costs for 20 Percent NPV Direct Costs for No-New-
Wind Scenario Wind-After-2006 Scenario
(billion U.S. 2006$) (billion U.S. 2006$)
Wind technology O&M costs 51 3
Wind technology capital costs 236 0
Transmission costs 23 2
Fuel costs 813 968
Conventional generation O&M 464 488
Conventional generation capital costs 822 905
Total 2,409 2,366
Note: NPV, net present value; O&M, operation and maintenance.
Source: DOE, 2008.
installed would have to increase from its present level of 2,000 per year to 7,000
per year by 2017 (DOE, 2008).
The NREL Wind Development System (WinDS) model, which simulates gen-
eration capacity expansion in the U.S. electricity sector for wind and other tech-
nologies through 2030, estimates that the 20 percent wind scenario would result
in a direct increased cost for the total electricity sector of $43 billion (U.S. 2006$)
in net present value (NPV) over the no-new-wind case. Table 7.2 shows the break-
down of direct electricity sector costs for the 20 percent wind scenario and the
no-new-wind scenario. Overall, increases in wind power generation costs (capital
and operation and maintenance [O&M] expenses) would be partially offset by
lower capital, O&M, and fuel costs for other electricity sources. The total capital
costs for wind under this scenario would be $236 billion NPV, and O&M cost
would be $51 billion NPV. These cost estimates do not consider the total capital
required for potential investments in manufacturing capacity, expanded employ-
ment training, or other needs, and do not represent the indirect costs to the econ-
omy. According to the scenario, in 2030, 20 percent market penetration by wind
would provide well over 140,000 direct manufacturing, construction, and opera-
tions jobs, as indicated by DOE's Job and Economic Development (JEDI) model
(Goldberg et al., 2004; Wiley, 2007; DOE, 2008). This projection would include
more than 20,000 jobs in manufacturing, almost 50,000 jobs in construction, and
more than 75,000 jobs in operations (DOE, 2008).
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Integration of Wind Power into the Electricity System
Under this high-market-penetration scenario, integrating 20 percent wind power
into the electricity system would require investment in the electricity grid and
other parts of the electricity system. Transmission could be the biggest obstacle to
seeing levels of wind power rise to 20 percent. Studies of wind integration at the
utility and state level show that incorporating significant amounts of wind power
into the electricity grid, while feasible, would require improvements in the trans-
mission grid, wind forecasting, and other modifications to the electricity system,
which would impose additional costs (Zavadil et al., 2004; GE Energy, 2005;
DeMeo et al., 2005; UWIG, 2006; Parsons, 2006). The 20 percent wind integra-
tion study included a conceptual framework of the regional transmission system
upgrades needed to move electricity from high-resource to high-demand areas
(Figure 7.2). The study estimated the cost of expanded transmission at $23 billion,
Wind (MW) Used Inside
Wind (MW) on
Balancing Area
Transmission Lines
100– 300
Existing New
300– 500
100– 200
500– 1000
200– 500
1000– 5000
500– 1000
FIGURE 7.2 Map indicating potential new transmission corridors for integrating 300 GW
of wind power. R 7.2
Source: DOE, 2008.
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Electricity from Renewable Resources
though it recognized the barriers to installing new transmission in general. This
estimate is lower than other estimates. Separately, American Electric Power (AEP)
developed a conceptual interstate transmission plan for integrating more than 300
GW from wind power and for reducing existing transmission bottlenecks. AEP
estimates such a system would include 19,000 miles of new high-voltage (765 kV)
transmission lines and require investments on the order of $60 billion (AEP,
2007). The more recent Joint Coordinated System Plan (JCSP), discussed below
in this section, estimated that integrating 20 percent wind into most of the eastern
U.S. electricity system would require 15,000 miles of new extra-high-voltage lines
at a cost of $80 billion (JCSP, 2009). Though these studies have differing assump-
tions resulting in varying estimates, they all indicate the magnitude of investment
in transmission required to integrate large amounts of wind power into the electric
Environmental and Energy Impacts
The 20 percent wind power scenario would cause significant land-use and atmo-
spheric emissions impacts. The estimated land area needed to realize this scenario
would be 50,000 km2, which includes the land used directly for the turbines and
other land requirements. Only about 2–5 percent of the land use would be for the
turbines themselves, with the rest of the area between turbines that could be avail-
able for agricultural or other uses.
Figure 7.3 shows reductions of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with 20
percent wind compared to the reference case. Atmospheric emissions of CO2 and
other pollutants would be significantly reduced. The scenario estimates that wind
power would replace coal- and gas-fired electricity generation and reduce CO2
emissions to 800 million tons per year in 2030. Also shown in Figure 7.3 is the
trajectory required to reduce electricity sector CO2 emissions by 80 percent, which
is the overall target for reductions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions neces-
sary to maintain CO2 at or below 450 parts per million. Increasing wind power
generation would also result in reductions of other atmospheric pollutants associ-
ated with fossil-fuel electricity generation, though there would be emissions from
natural-gas-fired power plants needed for backup generation. However, the impact
on NOx and SO2 emissions is less than what would be expected from assuming
that electricity generation from fossil fuels is replaced with a non-carbon-emitting
technology such as wind power. Because emissions of NOx and SO2 are subject to
caps on emissions, reductions of emissions from wind-generated electricity might
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CO2 Emissions in the Electricity Sector (Million Metric Tons)
No-New-Wind Reference Case
20% Wind Scenario
1000 Path to 80% Below Today's Levels by 2050
FIGURE 7.3 Reductions in CO2 emissions resulting from 20 percent wind scenario com-
pared to the no-new-wind reference case. Also shown is the trajectory for reducing CO2
emissions by 80 percent.
Source: DOE, 2008.
be reallocated to other plants. Other air toxics emitted from coal and natural gas
electricity generation are not capped and would be reduced in replacing fossil-fuel
electricity generation with wind power.
The impact on the energy mix would be largest for natural gas, with the
20 percent wind scenario displacing about 50 percent of electric utility natural
gas consumption compared to 18 percent of coal consumption in 2030 (DOE,
2008). The 20 percent wind scenario would also greatly reduce the need for
imported liquefied natural gas. However, maintaining electricity system reliabil-
ity would require additional capacity from natural gas combustion turbines that
could respond to wind fluctuations in some combination with the transmission
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Joint Coordinated System Plan
Following the national 20 percent wind study, a multi-stakeholder group within
the Eastern Interconnection prepared a report looking at wind integration issues
from a regional perspective. As with the 20 percent wind study, it included multi-
ple stakeholders in a collaborative that held numerous public workshop meetings.
The Joint Coordinated System Plan (JCSP, 2009) looked at two scenarios, one a
reference case with 5 percent market penetration by wind and the second with
20 percent wind. For the 5 percent wind scenario, the study estimated a need for
10,000 miles of new extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission lines at an estimated
cost of $50 billion. For the 20 percent wind scenario, the projected transmission
requirement was 15,000 miles of new EHV lines at an estimated cost of $80 bil-
lion. In both cases, the additional transmission allowed renewable and baseload
steam energy from the Midwest to be transmitted to a wider area. The study
assumed that increased wind generation would primarily offset baseload steam
production while requiring more production from fast-response, gas-fired combus-
tion turbines. The JCSP study did not envision electricity storage as having a role
in integrating this level of wind power. That report is intended to be part of an
ongoing set of studies that examine the reliability and economic impacts of alter-
native combinations of supply- and demand-side resource technologies, densities
and locations, and transmission infrastructure options. The group also plans to
conduct sensitivity analyses to determine the implications of varying assumptions
such as fuel and technology costs, load projections, plant retirements, and carbon
regulation options and costs (JCSP, 2009).
Summary of High Wind Power Penetration Scenarios
It is clear that the high wind penetration scenarios outlined above represent a
departure from present conditions. For manufacturers to make the investments
needed to develop such capacities and supply chains, substantial capital and a
stable policy environment would be required. These scenarios also would require
significant land area for the spacing needed between wind turbines, though the
actual area occupied by the turbines is a small portion of the land. Realizing
the scenarios would entail substantial economic activity, including the addition
of thousands of new manufacturing and construction jobs in the wind industry,
and would provide significant carbon reductions. DOE's 20 percent wind study
estimated a reduced demand for natural gas for electricity generation, though
20 percent wind would increase the need for the use of high-cost combustion-
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Scenarios 0
turbine natural gas capacity. The 20 percent wind scenarios of both the DOE and
the JCSP demonstrate the need for substantial increases in transmission capacity.
There are sufficient resources, technologies, and generally positive economics to
increase wind power's contribution to the electricity sector. What these 20 percent
wind penetration scenarios emphasize are the scale of the challenges and the ben-
efits for the future.
High Solar Electricity Penetration Scenarios
A variety of scenarios discuss increased market penetration by solar photovoltaics
(PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP). Examples range from the compara-
tively modest Solar America Initiative (SAI; DOE, 2007b) to the more optimistic
U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap (PV Roadmap; SEIA, 2001, 2004) and the
"Solar Grand Plan" (Zweibel et al., 2008). Another study examined a scenario for
reaching 10 percent electricity generation from solar by 2025 (Pernick and Wilder,
2008). These scenarios consider issues similar to those addressed in the 20 percent
wind power scenarios, such as the potential impacts of renewables' high market
penetration on manufacturing, implementation, economics, and the environment.
Further, solar electricity can provide insights into attributes of distributed energy
sources. Because of the higher costs associated with solar energy, all scenarios con-
sider the significant cost reductions that would have to occur to make solar elec-
tricity competitive with other electricity sources.
Distributed Solar PowerSAI and PV Roadmap Scenarios
The SAI and the PV Roadmap scenarios assume that 100–200 GWp (Wp indicates
peak power) of solar PV would be introduced by 2030 and that a majority of
the newly installed generation would be distributed in residential, commercial,
and industrial applications.1 Tables 7.3 and 7.4 provide the assumptions used in
these scenarios. As shown in Table 7.3, the SAI considered two scenarios: a low-
penetration scenario assuming that a total of 5 GWp of PV would be installed
by 2015 and 70 GW by 2030, and a high-penetration scenario assuming that a
total of 10 GWp of PV would be installed by 2015 and 100 GWp by 2030. In the
PV Roadmap scenario, installed capacity would reach 200 GWp by 2030, and
670 GWp by 2050. In order for solar PV to be competitive with other electric-
1TheSAI scenarios assume that all PV installations are distributed electricity sources, and the
PV Roadmap assumes that 1/6 of installed capacity is grid (wholesale) generation.
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Electricity from Renewable Resources
technologies, such as nuclear, fossil fuel with carbon capture and storage (CCS),
and renewables, would be developed and deployed in the timeframe for emissions
reduction set by the CSA without facing any major problems. The EIA's high-cost
scenario used the basic assumptions of the core case, except that it applied a 50
percent higher cost of nuclear, fossil fuel with CCS, and biomass-generating tech-
nologies to reflect a more pessimistic perspective regarding the costs of these tech-
nologies and the feasibility of introducing them rapidly on a large scale.
The EIA used the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for its analy-
sis of the CSA (EIA, 2003). NEMS calculated changes in energy-related CO2
emissions for the various cases by adjusting the cost of fossil fuels and the GHG
allowance pricesvariables that affect energy demand, the energy mix, and energy-
related CO2 emissions. The NEMS Macroeconomic Activity Module is used for
analyzing the macroeconomic impacts of GHG reduction policies. This module
solves for the energy–economy equilibrium by iteratively interrelating the energy
supply, demand, and conversion modules of NEMS (EIA, 2003). Thus, NEMS
is sensitive to energy prices, energy consumption, and allowance revenues, and
it solves for the effects of policy such as that legislated in the CSA on macroeco-
nomic and industry-level variables.
Energy Market and Electricity Mix
As expected, the projected greenhouse gas emissions in scenarios with emissions
regulations are significantly lower than those in the reference case. The EIA's core
CSA scenario described above would result in an 85–90 percent reduction of CO2-
equivalent emissions by 2030, and its high-cost case in a 50–60 percent reduction
during the same timeframe. The majority of the emissions reduction would come
from the electric power sector, a projection that is relevant to this panel's work.
These reductions would be achieved by deployment of new nuclear, renewable,
and fossil fuel with CCS facilities. Major determinants of the energy and economic
impact of the CSA bill include the potential for and the timing of the development
and commercial marketing of low-emissions electricity generation technologies.
Another determinant is the degree to which companies might be able to purchase
emission reduction credits overseas, a topic that is not discussed further here.
Figure 7.7 shows the impact of EIA's core and high-cost CSA scenarios on
the overall electricity mix. With the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions in
place, coal consumption, especially for electricity generation, would be signifi-
cantly reduced by 2030. Many coal power plants without CCS would be forced
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Coal Natural Gas Nuclear Renewable Sources
Electricity Generation (Billon Kilowatt-hours)
2006 Reference Core High Cost Reference Core High Cost
2020 2020 2020 2030 2030 2030
FIGURE 7.7 Mix of electricity generation from EIA core and high-cost analysis of CSA bill
compared to electricity mix in 2006 and to the AEO 2008 reference.
Source: EIA, 2008b.
to retire early, because retrofitting with CCS technology is generally impracticable,
and so is not simulated in the model. The energy-generation mix for the EIA's core
CSA scenario would be composed of coal with CCS, nuclear, and renewable tech-
nologies, primarily wind and biomass. One important characteristic of the core
case is the strong growth in nuclear power. If these low-emission technologies face
trouble in deployment, as in the high-cost case, there would be a shift to electricity
generation from natural gas to offset the reduction in coal generation.
The EIA estimated that renewable electricity generation would be signifi-
cantly higher under the provisions of the CSA, with the vast majority of the
increase from wind generation, followed by generation from biomass (EIA,
2008a). How each renewable energy resource would contribute to the total supply
of electricity generated in the three scenarios (AEO 2008, core, and high cost) is
shown in Table 7.8. The increase in total renewable generation is especially strong
in the high-cost case. Table 7.9 shows the projected average annual growth rates
OCR for page 291
Electricity from Renewable Resources
TABLE 7.8 Percent of Total U.S. Electricity Generated from Renewable Sources as Projected in
Energy Information Administration Analysis of Three Scenarios
2020 2030
Reference High-Cost Reference High-Cost
Case Core Case Case Case Core Case Case
Hydropower 6.87 7.18 7.37 6.23 6.63 7.13
Geothermal 0.55 0.98 1.21 0.65 1.14 1.45
Municipal waste 0.44 0.56 0.65 0.44 0.54 0.89
Biomass 1.79 5.54 5.30 1.72 3.74 4.58
Solar 0.059 0.06 0.061 0.066 0.068 0.095
Wind 2.33 5.76 6.73 2.57 5.63 13.94
Total renewable 12.0 20.1 21.3 11.6 17.8 28.1
Total non-hydropower 5.13 12.92 13.93 5.37 11.17 20.97
Source: Data from EIA, 2008a.
TABLE 7.9 Average Annual Growth Rate (Percent) from 2005 to 2030 for Each Source of
Renewable Electricity Generation
Hydropower Geothermal Waste Biomass Solar Wind
Reference case 0.49 3.05 1.88 9.45 18.51 8.78
Core case 0.57 5.38 2.93 18.02 18.51 12.03
High-cost case 0.71 6.34 5.08 21.94 19.4 15.85
Source: Data from EIA, 2008a.
of each renewable resource from 2005 to 2030. With GHG-emissions-regulating
legislation in place, the NEMS model shows a sharp increase in the growth rate of
biomass, solar, and wind generation, especially for the high-cost case, Wind gen-
eration would increase significantly, averaging annual growth at 16 percent in the
high-cost case, and would grow to constitute 14 percent of the U.S. electricity mix
by 2030. Despite this projected rapid growth, NEMS does not indicate a 20 per-
cent contribution by wind energy to the U.S. electricity mix, as is projected in the
20 percent wind scenario discussed above in this chapter. Interestingly, despite the
rapid growth rate for solar electricity in all cases, averaging 19 percent annually,
solar would still contribute less than 1 percent of total U.S. electricity generation.
These values are much smaller than the 10 percent solar generation described in
the DOE study discussed above (DOE, 2008). Finally, the EIA estimates significant
OCR for page 291
growth in the use of biomass for electricity generation: by 2030 biomass it would
be used to generate 4–5 percent of the U.S. electricity supply.
Summary of Macroeconomic Impacts and Model Uncertainties
EIA's estimates of the macroeconomic impacts of the CSA include an increase in
energy prices for consumers, especially in the cost of electricity, with increases of
11–64 percent, mainly as a result of high GHG allowance prices. Also projected
by EIA is a reduction of total electricity consumption (5–11 percent). The large
increases in energy costs would reduce economic output, lessen purchasing power,
and lower aggregate demand for goods and services. In the core CSA case, the
gross domestic product would fall by approximately 0.2 percent and would fall by
approximately 0.8 percent in the high-cost case.
Many major uncertainties are associated with the EIA projections. It is dif-
ficult to foresee how existing technologies might evolve or what new technologies
might emerge as market conditions change, particularly when those changes are
fairly dramatic. To meet greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, future electric-
ity providers will have to rely on technologies that today play a relatively small
role or have not been built in the United States in some time. The actual cost of
implementing legislation such as the CSA would depend on unknowns such as
future reductions in the cost of renewable technologies, the potential for successful
commercialization of CCS, and future costs for nuclear power—all of which can-
not be predicted by the model.
Shown in bold below are the most critical elements of the panel's findings, based
on its examination of previously produced scenarios, regarding the future expan-
sion of renewable electricity and factors affecting renewables expansion and inte-
gration into the U.S. electricity supply system.
Scale of Deployment
An understanding of the scale of deployment necessary for renewable resources
to make a material contribution to U.S. electricity generation is critical to assess-
ing the potential for renewable electricity generation. Large increases over current
levels of manufacturing, employment, investment, and installation will be required
OCR for page 291
Electricity from Renewable Resources
for non-hydropower renewable resources to move from single-digit- to double-
digit-percentage contributions to U.S. electricity generation.
The scenarios described in this chapter indicate some of the characteris-
tics and impacts associated with accelerating the integration of more renewable
generation in the U.S. electricity market. Wind power, an intermittent source of
electricity, would be the largest contributor in the near term. DOE (2008) shows
that 20 percent of U.S. electricity generation could be obtained from wind and
integrated into the nation's electricity system. Follow-up studies such as JCSP
(2009) assess the impacts of 20 percent wind at a regional level. Solar PV and CSP
could also contribute to attaining additional renewable electricity generation by
2035. Solar electricity is the only renewable resource that has a sufficiently large
resource base to supply a majority of the electricity demands of the United States.
Today's prices prevent solar electricity from being a widespread economic option
at this time. However, the ability of solar PV to produce electricity at the point of
consumption means that it competes with the higher retail price of electricity as
opposed to the wholesale price of electricity. Solar CSP can provide utility-scale
solar power at lower costs than solar PV, though it is limited to favored sites in
the U.S. Southwest that have abundant direct solar radiation. Additional contribu-
tions could come from biopower and conventional geothermal resources, which
can provide baseload power. Thus, if renewables were to contribute an additional
20 percent or more of all U.S. electricity generation by 2035, the largest portion
of new renewable electricity generation would come from wind power, but other
renewables would also contribute to making this goal a reasonable possibility.
The numbers from the 20 percent wind penetration study (DOE, 2008)
demonstrate the challenges and opportunities. To reach the 20 percent target
would require installing 100,000 wind turbines; incurring $100 billion worth of
additional capital investments and transmission upgrades; and requiring 140,000
jobs be filled. Achieving this goal could reduce CO2 emissions by 800 million
metric tons. The high solar market penetration scenarios also present challenges
associated with scaling up this resource. The 10 percent solar study (Pernick and
Wilder, 2008) would require that annual installation of PV increase to almost 50
GW in 2025 and installation of CSP to almost 7 GW, with prices for installed PV
declining to $1.48–1.82/W and prices for installed CSP declining to $0.88/W in
the same timeframe. The cost estimates for reaching the 10 percent solar goal are
$26–33 billion per year, with a total cost of $450–560 billion.
In the panel's opinion, increasing manufacturing and installation capac-
ity, employment, and financing to levels required to meet the goals for greatly
OCR for page 291
increased solar or wind penetration goals is doable. However, to do so would
require aggressive growth rates, a large increase in manufacturing and installation
capacity, and a large infusion of capital. The magnitude of the challenges is clear
from the scale of such efforts.
Integration of Renewable Electricity
The cost of new transmission and upgrades to the distribution system will be
important factors when integrating increasing amounts of renewable electric-
ity. The nation's electricity grid needs major improvements regardless of whether
renewable electricity generation is increased. Such improvements would increase
the reliability of the electricity transmission system and would reduce the losses
incurred with all electricity sources. However, because a substantial fraction of
new renewable electricity generation capacity would come from intermittent z dis-
tant sources, increases in transmission capacity and other grid improvements are
critical for significant penetration of renewable electricity sources. According to
the Department of Energy's study postulating 20 percent wind penetration, trans-
mission could be the greatest obstacle to reaching the 20 percent wind generation
level. Transmission improvements can bring new renewable resources into the
electricity system, provide geographical diversity in the generation base, and allow
improved access to regional wholesale electricity markets. These benefits can also
generally contribute positively to the reliability, stability, and security of the grid.
Improvements in the system's distribution of electricity are needed to maximize the
benefits of two-way electricity flow and to implement time-of-day pricing. Such
improvements would more efficiently integrate distributed renewable electricity
sources, such as solar photovoltaics sited at residential and commercial units. A
significant increase in renewable sources of power in the electricity system would
also require fast-responding backup generation and/or storage capacity, such as
that provided by natural gas combustion turbines, hydropower, or storage tech-
nologies. Higher levels of penetration of intermittent renewables (above about 20
percent) would require batteries, compressed air energy storage, or other methods
of storing energy such as conversion of excess generated electricity to chemical
fuels. Improved meteorological forecasting could also facilitate increased integra-
tion of solar and wind power. Hence, though improvements in the grid and related
technologies are necessary and valuable for other objectives, significant integration
of renewable electricity will not occur without increases in transmission capacity
as well as other grid management improvements.
OCR for page 291
Electricity from Renewable Resources
Timeframes for Renewable Technologies
For the time period from the present to 2020, there are no current technological
constraints for wind, solar photovoltaics and concentrating solar power, con-
ventional geothermal, and biomass technologies to accelerate deployment. The
primary current barriers are the cost-competitiveness of the existing technologies
relative to most other sources of electricity (with no costs assigned to carbon emis-
sions or other currently unpriced externalities), the lack of sufficient transmission
capacity to move electricity generated from renewable resources to distant demand
centers, and the lack of sustained policies. Expanded research and development
is needed to realize continued improvements and further cost reductions for
these technologies. Along with favorable policies, such improvements can greatly
enhance renewable electricity's competitiveness and its level of deployment. Action
now will set the stage for greater, more cost-effective penetration of renewable
electricity in later time periods. It is reasonable to envision that, collectively, non-
hydropower renewable electricity could begin to provide a material contribution
(i.e., reaching a level of 10 percent level or more with trends toward continued
growth) to the nation's electricity generation in the period up to 2020 with such
accelerated deployment. Combined with hydropower, total renewable electricity
could approach a contribution of 20 percent of U.S. electricity by the year 2020.
In the period from 2020 to 2035, it is reasonable to envision that contin-
ued and even further accelerated deployment could potentially result in non-
hydroelectric renewables providing, collectively, 20 percent or more of domestic
electricity generation by 2035. In the third timeframe, beyond 2035, continued
development of renewable electricity technologies could potentially provide lower
costs and result in further increases in the percentage of renewable electricity
generated from renewable resources. However, achieving a predominant (i.e.,
>50 percent) level of renewable electricity penetration will require new scientific
advances (e.g., in solar photovoltaics, other renewable electricity technologies, and
storage technologies) and dramatic changes in how we generate, transmit, and
use electricity. Scientific advances are anticipated to improve the cost, scalability,
and performance of all renewable energy generation technologies. Moreover, some
combination of intelligent, two-way electric grids; scalable and cost-effective meth-
ods for large-scale and distributed storage (either direct electricity energy storage
or generation of chemical fuels); widespread implementation of rapidly dispatch-
able fossil-based electricity technologies; and greatly improved technologies for
cost-effective long-distance electricity transmission will be required. Significant,
OCR for page 291
sustained, and greatly expanded R&D focused on these technologies is also neces-
sary if this vision is to be realized by 2035 and beyond.
AEP (American Electric Power). 2007. Interstate transmission vision for wind integration.
AEP white paper. Columbus, Ohio.
Bradford, T. 2008. Solar energy market update 2008—PV and CSP. Presentation at Solar
Market Outlook: A Day of Data, February 19, 2008. New York.
Brenkert, A., S. Smith, S. Kim, and H. Pitcher. 2003. Model Documentation for the
MiniCAM. PNNL-14337. Richland, Wash.: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
CCSP (U.S. Climate Change Science Program). 2007. Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations; and Review of Integrated Scenario
Development and Application. Washington, D.C.
Clarke, L., J. Edmonds, H. Jacoby, H. Pitcher, J. Reilly, and R. Richels. 2007a. Scenarios
of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations. Sub-report 2.1A of
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Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
Clarke, L., J. Edmonds, S. Kim, J. Lurz, H. Pitcher, S. Smith, and M. Wise. 2007b.
Documentation for the MiniCAM CCSP Scenarios. PNNL-16735. Richland, Wash.:
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
Commission of the European Communities. 2007. Renewable Energy Road
MapRenewable Energies in the 21st Century: Building a More Sustainable Future.
Communication. Report to the Council and European Parliament. Brussels.
Curtright, A., and J. Apt. 2008. The character of power output from utility-scale photovol-
taic systems. Progress in Photovoltaics 16(3):241-247.
DeMeo, E., W. Grant, M.R. Milligan, and M.J. Schuerger. 2005. Wind plant integration.
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine 3(6).
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 2007a. Annual Report on U.S. Wind Power
Installation, Cost, and Performance Trends. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy. Washington, D.C.
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and Market Transformation of Solar Energy Technologies. Washington, D.C.
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Climate Security Act of 2007. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA.
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0383(2008). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA.
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DOE/EIA-0383(2009). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA.
Feltrin, A., and A. Freundlich. 2008. Material considerations for terawatt level deployment
of photovoltaics. Renewable Energy 33:180-185.
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Authority. New York.
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(JEDI) model: A user-friendly tool to calculate economic impacts from wind projects.
Presented at the Global Windpower Conference, Chicago, Ill. Washington, D.C.:
American Wind Energy Association.
Grover, S. 2007. Energy, Economic, and Environmental Benefits of the Solar America
Initiative. Subcontractor Report NREL/SR-640-41998. National Renewable Energy
Laboratory. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
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Available at http://www.jcspstudy.org/.
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Parsons, B. 2006. Grid impacts of wind power variability: Recent assessments from a
variety of utilities in the United States. Presentation at the European Wind Energy
Conference, March 2006. Athens, Greece. Brussels: European Wind Energy
Pernick, R., and C. Wilder. 2008. Utility Solar Assessment (U.S.A.) Study Reaching Ten
Percent by 2025. San Francisco: Clean Edge, Inc. Available at http://www.cleanedge.
Prometheus Institute: For Sustainable Development. 2007. U.S. Solar Industry: The Year in
Review 2006. SEIA/Prometheus Institute Joint Report. Cambridge, Mass.
SEIA (Solar Energy Industries Association). 2001. Solar Electric Power—The U.S.
Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap. Washington, D.C.
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2030 and Beyond. Washington, D.C.
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Smith, J.C., and B. Parsons. 2007. What does 20 percent look like? IEEE Power & Energy
Magazine 5:22-33.
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Renewable Resources, March 11, 2008. Washington, D.C.
Zavadil, R., J. King, L. Xiadong, M. Ahlstrom, B. Lee, D. Moon, C. Finley, L. Alnes,
L. Jones, F. Hudry, M. Monstream, S. Lai, and J. Smith. 2004. Wind Integration
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EnerNex Corporation and Wind Logics, Inc. Available at http://www.uwig.org/
Zweibel, K., J. Mason, and V. Fthenakis. 2008. A solar grand plan. Scientific American
OCR for page 291


text:
Follow @DaytimeRoyalty
Viewing Single Post From: Roseanne | |
JERSoapsFan | Sep 28 2009, 12:05 AM |
Don't mess with Night-time Hope!
You know it, juniorz! BIG Roseanne fan! But it makes watching the reruns bittersweet, if not painfully difficult, to see the GROUNDBREAKING Jackie/Fisher episodes (the first time, as a virginal child, I was EVER exposed to domestic violence--shocking and educational stuff~!!) NEVER happened! Jackie NEVER dated Fisher! She was GAY. How's that for a killjoy? :( |
Roseanne · Retro TV Talk |


text:
Kid Stuff Sale
Each spring, MOPS at Church at the Crossing hosts the Kid Stuff Sale - a huge consignment sale that features a wide variety of gently used toys, kids' clothes (infant through teen), maternity clothing, equipment and more!
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Saturday, April 25, 2015
Volunteers Shop First!
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Contact firstname.lastname@example.com if you are interested.
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Consignors price their own merchandise and receive 70% of the proceeds. Contact email@example.com to learn more about selling for this year's Sale.


text:
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COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION This beer has been brewed with Aurora, Styrian Golding and has been dry hopped with fresh hops sent directly from the small producer they work with in Slovenia. Ale in English Golden Ale style. Orange-coppery in colour, its slightly opaque once poured into the classic pint. On the nose, a subtle caramel accompanies the herbal, resinous and spicy-citrus notes of the hoppers. Light-bodied, in the mouth its clean and has a pleasurable bitter final which undoubtedly makes it a dangerous drinkable. 12°
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The National Football League League News & Current Events |
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
11-27-2006 | #1 |
Hall of Fame
Join Date: Mar 2006
Age: 44
Posts: 3,022
Rep Power: 1650
The rules protecting the QB are giving some QBs too many chances
We all know how the NFL has rules that protect the QB and provide them protection from hits that other positions don't have.
A clear example how these rules have hurt the game is the Vince Young run after he was wrapped up but the defensive lineman let him go on that 4-10 play. I believe the defensive lineman did this because his head was down and thought Young had thrown the ball. If Young had thrown the ball and he did throw Young to the ground, it would have been roughing the passer, 15 yards and an automatic 1st down. A similar play happened a few weeks ago against Brady. I believe it was a Sunday night game. Brady did a pump fake right when he was hit, so the defensive lineman held up and didn't wrap him up. If Brady had thrown the ball, and the defensive lineman continued on his tackle, it would have been a roughing the passer penalty. Result, Brady got outside the pocket and threw down the field for a 1st down. Not every QB in the league will be able to use the subtle advantages, but QBs like Brady and Young, that never quite on play, will be able to use this to their advantage similar to how only a few pitchers in the majors can exploite a very small increase in the strike zone. I think these rules protecting the QBs have now worked their way through now and that defensive players are not following plays all the way through against the QB. What do you guys think, is this a good thing? |
11-27-2006 | #2 |
Posts: n/a
Re: The rules protecting the QB are giving some QBs too many chances
I'm all for protecting the QB...
But I don't like any of the rules protecting them... I think you should be able to tackle a QB in the pocket just like any other offensive player... |
11-27-2006 | #3 |
Hall of Fame
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Ca$hville
Posts: 1,514
Rep Power: 44
Re: The rules protecting the QB are giving some QBs too many chances
While I agree that the NFL is too harsh with the roughing penalties, what that guy did at our game Sunday was just plain stupid. I've never seen someone just give up like that.
11-27-2006 | #4 |
Hall of Fame
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: Spring, TX
Posts: 9,353
Rep Power: 213869
Re: The rules protecting the QB are giving some QBs too many chances
I think the rules are pathetic.
The QBs are wearing pads & a helmet just like everyone else. It's true that QBs are sitting ducks when standing in the pocket so I believe that there should be a 15 yds penalty for roughing the passer. But I believe the rule should be restricted to helmet-to-helmet contact and late hits only. I would describe a late hit as 2 seconds after the ball is released. I realize that it would be hard to time on the field so the call would eventually be based on the referee's judgement (just as it is now). I personally believe that the NFL is so desperate to have teams put points on the board (cuz most fans like high scoring games) that they are taking the rules too far. |
11-27-2006 | #5 |
Hall of Fame
Join Date: Sep 2004
Age: 29
Posts: 1,651
Rep Power: 3326
Re: The rules protecting the QB are giving some QBs too many chances
The NFL would probably prefer that the QB's wear flags and red jerseys in real time games. I actually compare it to basketball nowadays. You can bang in the post all you want, but don't you dare lay a hand on the perimeter guys. It's absurd.
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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
It's hideous. But before I re-design it, I want to find out what in the world it is. Any ideas? Perhaps custom? It was in an EPS on our network drive, and I don't know who the original designer was. Thanks!


text:
HylaFAX The world's most advanced open source fax server |
>Has anyone a running configuration which can successful connect >via UCP to D2(01722278020) in germany? >It'd be nice if you could post your configs (../etc/config.modem and >../etc/pagermap and everything else essential). > I _had_ a working config for Swisscom, which uses UCP as well. pagermap: # # Telepage Swiss: 0740(.*) 00740900003/0\1 # # Swisscom Natel SMS: 079(.*) 00794998990/004179\1 I guess, D2 should be sth like: 0172(.*) 0172.../0049172\1 config.cul1p0: # # hylafax defaults # info/00794998990: # # This is the messy one! Run one call with the pagermap # above. Will fail, but then you have the info file # for the provider number. Add: # &pagingProtocol: "ucp" &pagerSetupCmds: "AT&N0&K4 In other words: the defaults described in http://www.hylafax.org/ixotap.php worked for me!


text:
Cutler Bay is located in Florida. Cutler Bay, Florida 33157 has a population of 40,390.
The median household income in Cutler Bay, Florida 33157 is $63,681. The median household income for the surrounding county is $43,464 compared to the national median of $53,046. The median age of people living in Cutler Bay 33157 is 35.5 years.


text:
The NATO member country has been in possession of the advanced Russian-made systems since the late 1990s.
23:14 15.04.15 | 0 commentsAll today's headlines
Wednesday, April 15, 2015
Khalida Jarrar indicted in Israeli military tribunal on charges of belonging to PFLP, inciting others to abduct Israeli soldiers.
22:58 15.04.15 | 0 commentsThe increase in government revenues has accelerated in recent months, but the state still has no approved budget.
22:43 15.04.15 | 0 commentsEx-wife says it is evidence that Alberto Nisman didn't shoot himself; 'It doesn't change the investigation at all.' says lead investigator.
21:52 15.04.15 | 0 commentsRivlin: Threat of the past will not underwrite our lives; official Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony begins in Jerusalem; shops closed and television stations broadcast only material related to the Holocaust.
21:36 15.04.15 | 7 commentsSebastian Espinoza-Carranza, 18, says he attacked Shaare Torah Synagogue because he disliked the Jewish people who worshiped there.
21:30 15.04.15 | 0 commentsAt least two Egyptian military academy students killed by bomb in north Egypt; Iran FM: Russia decision to supply missiles fully legal, has no impact on nuke talks.
20:29 15.04.15 | 0 commentsSecurity forces investigating whether shot was intentional or errant.
19:43 15.04.15 | 1 commentsForsa poll shows that only 16 percent of those asked want Germany to assume a leading international role.
19:41 15.04.15 | 2 commentsSurvey by Selzer and Co. finds as a whole Americans back Obama over Netanyahu, 47 percent to 34 percent.
18:15 15.04.15 | 13 comments


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File size: 2527 Kb Date: 11/29/2007 Homepage Install support: Install and Uninstall OS: Win95, Win98, WinME, WinNT 4.x, WinXP, Windows2000, Pocket PC Requirements: 300MHz, 32Mb RAM, 5Mb HDD Language: English | password saver, good password keeper or also password manager, password organizer and password software or free password tool and cheap password tools | Password Saver 4.1.1 [Homepage] - by: OLSOFT - Download links for Password Saver Click to enlarge Description: Password Saver is an easy-to-use, feature-rich solution for storing all your passwords in a secure, centralized database on your hard drive or a removable media disk. It employs industrial-strength encryption technology and offers export/import functionality designed especially for small to mid-sized teams. Your password database is protected using industrial-strength 256-bit AES/Rijndael encryption. The amount of time required to crack even a 128-bit AES key, much less than 256-bit key, is estimated to be 149 trillion (thousand-billion) years - longer than our universe has existed. Clearly, as long as you don't write your master password down or share it with others, your passwords will be secure. Password Saver uses a Microsoft Office-like scheme where each database is stored in a single file. These files are compact and portable - they can be stored on hard drives, USB flash disks, floppy disks, CD-RW disks, ZIP drives, or any other type of fixed or removable media. You can take your passwords with you wherever you go! Also, since you no longer need to remember your passwords, you can generate random alphanumeric passwords which are proven to be far more secure than human-generated ones. This will greatly enhance the security of your sensitive data and accounts. The software includes many pre-defined templates for commonly used records such as Web site and Email accounts so you get started adding data right away. However, you are not just limited to the pre-defined templates or even to just storing records with passwords - using custom templates, you can store virtually any kind of data. The software's advanced import/export features also let you share passwords with co-workers and partners easily and securely. You can export your database or just specific folders and passwords to an encrypted file, and then send these files to your co-workers, who can easily import them to their own databases. You can also export to a text (.txt) file. Recent changes in this Minor Update: Remarks - Comments - Reviews (Add your opinion about this program) |
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I state "official races" as in most references the 1839 Grand National race won by Lottery is seen as the first race. It does not seem to make any sense to pick this race as the first because there was the three previous races, also the name of the race was not changed to The Grand National until 1847 but 1839 was is quoted as the first.
All that said there is little doubt that this was not the first race despite a bit of confusion on the reporting, (I have seen it quoted that 1837 was the first race) however most people who research this come up with 1836 as the first race and therefore I have added the results to these first three races to this list. If you wish to know more about the race, you may visit the History section of this site for more information. Details listed below show Owner : Trainer : Jockey : Age/Weight : Starting Price
Bet £10 Get £30
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CAPS off to communications career
"Quirks and Quarks" host Bob McDonald is the keynote speaker for Canada Career Week, organized by Career and Placement Services.
P.O.V.: Confessions of a Convocation convert
University marshal and the man who put the COOL in McGill, David Harpp, gives us an insider's view of Convocation's behind-the-scenes intrigue.
Extreme cold: Extreme research
Extreme Research: Winter Edition will showcase McGill's cool research about predicting, understanding and planning for winter weather and northern conditions.
Monumental research: political symbolism in post-Soviet Russia
What really happened to all those statues of hammers and sickles when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991?
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Message board »Message Board home »Sign-in or register to get started
Online now: 2 members: 68Levi, BruceAZ; 25 anonymousDiscussion: How much difference does an ounce make?
Posted | Discussion |
Sept. 12, 2012 0 61 posts | How much difference does an ounce make? A batter has 2 bats. Both end loads same make and model. One bat weighs 27.8 ounces. The other weighs 28.6 ounces. Which bat should give the batter the overall best distance? |
Sept. 12, 2012 Pull My Finger 71 posts | I would think that if the bat speeds are approximately the same so the extra ounce wouldn't make much difference. |
Sept. 12, 2012 BruceinGa Men's 60 2803 posts | I would think that if the batter could maintain bat speed after striking the ball that the 28.6 bat would have more distance. Something else that might make a difference is the swing weights. Is the extra .8oz in the handle or is it in the end? Remember when most bats were "made" heavier by installing a longer rod in the handle? I've always wondered if you liked swinging a 29oz, would it make sense to take a 26oz bat but add 3 ounces to your batting gloves? What's the difference in having the weight in the handle or on your batting gloves? Inquiring minds want to know! |
Sept. 12, 2012 Snot Nose Kid 49 posts | Interesting V E R Y interesting! |
Sept. 12, 2012 Mario Men's 50 435 posts | The heavier bat will hit the ball farther if the bat speed is the same. |
Sept. 12, 2012 mad dog Men's 65 3973 posts | bruce don't knock the weighted batting gloves....i have a set i use(mostly during the winter months)to do tee work,and it seems sometimes the way to go,mine are 8 oz gloves....i can adjust the weight in them, as the weights are removable....i have thought about using them to hit,but...... as bruce says,use the bat that maintains the most bat speed after ball contact..... and mario has it,if can maintain the after ball contact with the heavier bat,than that is the one that will hit it farther..... |
Sept. 13, 2012 leftyfalcon Men's 65 158 posts | mad dog played a 2 hour game against your old team in Dalton. They can hit. |
Sept. 13, 2012 Bubble Gum 69 posts | BruceinGa Interesting theory. If using weighted batting gloves is equal to the changing the rod in the handle, then it would be conceivable that you now have 2 different bats in one. Example: you start off with 26 oz end load bat and WALLAH. it becomes most likely a 29 oz. balanced with the use of the 3 oz weighted gloves. |
Sept. 13, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | Just curious. Any chance you guys are over-thinking a not very complex situation. A person can either hit or they can't. Just a hunch, but I don't think Bert Smith used weighted gloves. |
Sept. 13, 2012 taits Men's 65 4417 posts | Don't you think they call it an end load for a reason...? Time was, the added Extra weight is NOT in the handle. I would think extra weight in handle area would throw balance point way off from where the rod incorporation was used to keep swing speed and BPF at what ever level to be compliant for a particular ASSN. Extra weight in glove may cause the grip to be uncomfortable as well. I know I don't like thick gloves. |
Sept. 13, 2012 Shut Up & Pitch 56 posts | Guess I'll have to give it a try! |
Sept. 13, 2012 HJ Men's 70 447 posts | Everything I have read indicates batspeed after contact is irrelevant. I even posted a picture of a major leaguer hitting a HR and the bat had left his hands before ball contact. If the bats are exactly the same except for weight (which is impossible) and if you generate the same batspeed with both bats, then the heavier bat will drive the ball further. The formula has the mass multiplied by the square of the batspeed (Mass x V x V). Generally there is a tradeoff because the more mass at the end (end loaded) makes it harder to generate batspeed. The correct answer is that it all depends. Restated, in the case at hand- some guys will hit the ball further with the lighter bat and vice versa. Most experts seem to say use the heaviest weight possible until batspeed decreases (even a little) and generally opt to use the lighter bat if not sure. Again, batspeed after contact appears to be irrelevant. I know DeMarini supposedly said the opposite, but I can't find it and everything I have studied shows DeMarini was totally passionate about generating the fastest batspeed. The physicists seem to say the time the ball is in contact with the bat is so short that only initial batspeed matters. I would like the bat sellers to comment on post contact batspeed as relevant or not. |
Sept. 13, 2012 mad dog Men's 65 3973 posts | HJ,no supposedly,demarini did say it and i have the video of him saying it in his vid.....if you don't maintain your bat speed the ball will NOT travel as far..try slowing your swing and see what happens.....the vid by demarini is called "MAX BAT SPEED"..... to g19 the resident know it all who always fails to be relevant,if it is good for wade boggs,good enough for me....... the weight is in the top of the glove,doesn't bother the gripping of the bat...... |
Sept. 13, 2012 mikey1 12 posts | about 18 months in prison-TRUE STORY |
Sept. 13, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | sad pup, so you eat a lot of chicken too? A 40+ ounce bat was good enough for Babe Ruth. Going to run out and buy one? |
Sept. 13, 2012 HJ Men's 70 447 posts | Mad Dog, I looked and found exactly what DeMarini said: Hitting Tips From Ray DeMarini These tips were posted on DeMarini Sports' web site when the softball list was in existence Let�s get started. Subject - what weight bat to use. I have done lots and lots of scientific testing relating to hitting a softball. I have become a proponent of using light weight bats and here�s why: Using myself as an example - I generate approximately 95MPH bat speed with my 26 ounce bat. I can generate just about the same 95MPH speed using a 29 ounce bat. You would logically think that I should use the 29 ounce bat, no question. I can swing it as fast and the added mass will allow me to hit the ball farther than with the 26 ounce bat. Logic in this case is dead wrong! The important part of the equation that isn�t considered in the above comparison is relative bat speed immediately after the ball has left the bat. In other words, how much of my initial 95MPH speed was I able to maintain while hitting through the ball. Here are the facts. I swing both at 95MPH just prior to hitting the ball. With the 26 ounce bat, my bat speed immediately after the ball is hit goes down to 56MPH! With the 29 ounce bat, my bat speed goes down to 49MPH! In other words, with the heavier bat, I�m swinging it fast but cannot push the bat through the ball and maintain as much speed as I can with the lighter bat. Before we even take this subject much further I think it is crucial to stop and realize the incredible fact that I lose that much speed from hitting a 6.5 ounce ball. It simply amazes me. I have a pretty good follow through, I am extremely strong and have a decent swing ... and I lose all that speed when I hit the ball. I have tested lots of hitters; it is a constant. You lose a lot of speed when you hit the ball. If you really think about it, what separates the true power hitters from the mere mortals is their ability to maintain bat speed. Compare my stats to that of a truly great player. I�ll reference Larry Carter, one of the most awesome distance and power hitters I�ve ever seen (and I�ve seen most all of them!) Larry weighs 260lbs+ and is in great physical condition with a vicious swing and scary strength. He can squat over 600lbs, bench 485lbs. and military press 275lbs. (easy)! You get the message. Larry is strong! He is dedicated and a great, great banger. Compare his bat speed to mine. It�s the same at 95MPH. Larry uses a 31 ounce bat ... I use a 26 ounce. So why does he hit the ball over 100 feet farther than I do? Simple ... his speed during contact with the ball. Larry has the highest �after� speed I have recorded. I finish at 56MPH, Larry finishes at 89MPH. In other words, Larry literally loses NO bat speed while powering through the ball. Larry shouldn�t go down in weight! He isn�t losing any speed with the 31 ounce ... there�s no need to go lighter. The question is can YOU? If you went with a lighter bat than you now use, would you pickup �finishing� speed, and therefore distance? Try a friend's lighter bat and give it a fair chance. Take the time to know what works for you. Don�t swing 5 times and say, no, not for me. Give it 100 swings. See if your follow through seems more efficient. Note what is happening with the ball. What I am really trying to get across to you is crucial to hitting performance: you MUST have an efficient and complete follow through with your swing. You must think acceleration through the ball. Go right directly through the ball. Don�t give up your swing the second you feel the ball hit the bat ... in fact, that�s when you have to swing hardest! And give some thought to your bat weight. Make sure you give yourself full chance to be as good as you can! A swinging bat has just so much energy at the point of contact. DeMarini correctly taught how to increase batspeed in many respects, particularly relaxation. Batspeed is the only thing the ball knows. The faster the batspeed and the greater the mass of the bat, the more energy imparted to the ball. Assuming no more energy is imparted to batspeed by the hitter, the speed of the heavier bat will be slower after contact because more energy went into the ball. The ball is long gone before you feel the contact. The speed after contact is not relevant. The lighter bat may have given DeMarini more control for his topspin hitting, but it did not impart more energy to the ball. Incidentally, batspeed after contact is notoriously impossible to measure with an actual hitter since it is impossible to know what contact was made- underspin, topspin or dead on. The more dead on the slower the batspeed. Choose what works best for you. |
Sept. 13, 2012 southernson 261 posts | HJ, Thanks for the digging, that's good info.... |
Sept. 13, 2012 Az Iz 43 posts | HJ I believe you said it quite well. The way I have learned it... is which would you rather be hit by? A fly hitting you at 15 MPH or a train hitting you at 15 MPH? |
Sept. 14, 2012 mad dog Men's 65 3973 posts | HJ,that is exactly what demarini said,thanks for digging it up......so now how can you say bat speed after contact is not relevant.... |
Sept. 14, 2012 HJ Men's 70 447 posts | Mad dog, the snide answer is science. The explanation is that the heavier bat at the same speed puts more energy into the ball (it goes farther) and since more energy goes into the ball, bat must slow up more. DeMarini just measured the obvious to a physicist. The key point is that batspeed after contact is not relevant. The ball leaves the bat in milliseconds. Remember the major league HR hit w/no hands on the bat. The batspeed after contact was virtually zero but the energy imparted to the ball carried for a major league HR. I am not arguing that DeMarini was a better hitter with a 26 oz. bat. I am arguing that if in fact he could generate the same batspeed with a 29 oz. bat as a 26, then he would hit farther with the 29 oz. bat. But farther in softball is not always better. Bat control and consistency are more important and you actually hit the ball farther with the correct underspin because of aerodynamics- it acts like a wing and flies. A direct square hit doesn't go as far. I love DeMarini, but he was just wrong here from what I have learned elsewhere. If anyone has an explanation why DeMarini is right of course I would try to understand that argument and determine if I am wrong. I love being corrected when I am wrong. Seriously. |
Sept. 14, 2012 kid 32 20 posts | About 28 grams! |
Sept. 14, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | No one is going to generate the same bat speed with a heavier bat, assuming the same level of effort when swinging both. It is just physics. Try accelerating your car with and without a loaded trailer hooked on the back. Guaranteed you will accelerate faster, given the same amount of pressurre on the gas pedal, with the lighter vehicle. Just makes sense. |
Sept. 14, 2012 ? 91 posts | If follow through makes no difference then why does Tiger Woods or any golfer end up with his golf club high over his shoulder when he is hitting the golf ball only several inches in front of his toes? |
Sept. 14, 2012 0 61 posts | Gary19 That goes back to my original question. Will that 1 oz make that big of a difference? |
Sept. 14, 2012 swing for the fences Men's 50 1038 posts | I have swung 30 to 26.. and my feeling is that the 30 maybe has a hair less bat speed but has a little more weight to make up for less bat speed... so it's a fine line, and at the end of the day it's just what you personally feel comfortable with.. I have always swung heavier because of better timing to the ball for me.. Always been a bit quick! If you have a train hit a wall going 98mph and you had a car hit the same wall at 100mph what would do more damage? I don't think you will find a big difference in bats.. it's the Wizard not the Wand! |
Sept. 14, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | The train, and it wouldn't even be close. Not remotely close. |
Sept. 14, 2012 Full Monty 81 posts | swing That's a trick question. If the train hit the wall a 98mph there would be no wall left for the car to hit... :-) |
Sept. 14, 2012 Enviro-Vac Men's 60 405 posts | I loved Mickey1's answer...LOL |
Sept. 15, 2012 spoonplugger Men's 60 60 posts | mikey1 According to G19, Senior bats are a weapon. Are you allowed to carry one? |
Sept. 15, 2012 Full Monty 81 posts | From what I can understand is the extra ounce will make little difference if the bat speeds are within 1 or 2 mph of each other. That being said, I would think the lighter bat would be a better choice as a player will begin to fatigue when playing tournament play. |
Sept. 15, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | Pretty sure I never said that. Guys, it isn't the bat it's the batter. |
Sept. 15, 2012 HJ Men's 70 447 posts | I am not knocking DeMarini and in fact agree with his conclusion about generally using lighter bats is better. However I must correct misinformation. There is more to bat speed than just the weight of the bat. Depending on balance point and MOI you can swing some 30 oz. bats faster than you can swing a 26 oz.(using different models, not the same model) Personally with a radar gun I have experienced this. So, G19, a heavier bat does not always swing slower and yes, it is physics. Restated, a heavy bat with more weight near the handle will swing faster, but there will be less mass to hit with. Everything is a tradeoff and there is no one best bat for everyone. Mario and Full Monty have it right. Theoretically the best way to buy a bat once you choose the model you want is to measure your batspeed using different weights of the same bat and pick the heaviest one before the batspeed decreases. But be aware of fatigue and not all swings are good swings. Several tests at different times in different orders would be best. And yes this is way too complicated and not practical. |
Sept. 15, 2012 Gary19 Men's 50 2615 posts | HJ, fair enough. Without having made myself clear, my example was with everything else being equal. Such as weight distribution. |


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Cochliomyia hominivorax
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia. (December 2012)
Click [show] on the right to read important instructions before translating.
Cochliomyia hominivorax | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Family: | Calliphoridae |
Genus: | Cochliomyia |
Species: | C. hominivorax |
Binomial name | |
Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858) |
Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screw-worm fly, or screw-worm for short, is a species of parasitic fly that is well known for the way in which its larvae (maggots) eat the living tissue of warm-blooded animals. It is present in the New World tropics. There are five species of Cochliomyia but only one species of screw-worm fly in the genus; there is also a single Old World species in a different genus (Chrysomya bezziana). Infestation of a live vertebrate animal by a maggot is technically called myiasis. While the maggots of many fly species eat dead flesh, and may occasionally infest an old and putrid wound, screw-worm maggots are unusual because they attack healthy tissue. Screw-worms are a reportable species to the state veterinarian in the United States if discovered on livestock.
Life cycle[edit]
Screw-worm females lay 250-500 eggs in the exposed flesh of warm-blooded animals, including humans, such as in wounds and the navels of newly-born animals. The larvae hatch and burrow into the surrounding tissue as they feed. If the wound is disturbed during this time the larvae burrow or "screw" deeper into the flesh, which is the source of the insect's name. The maggots are capable of causing severe tissue damage or even death to the host. Approximately three to seven days after hatching the larvae fall to the ground to pupate. The pupae reach the adult stage about seven days later. Female screw-worm flies mate four to five days after hatching. The entire life cycle is approximately twenty days. A female can lay up to 3,000 eggs and fly up to 200 km (120 mi) during her life.
The United States officially eradicated the screw-worm in 1982 using the sterile insect technique. The screw-worm was eradicated in Guatemala and Belize in 1994, El Salvador in 1995, and Honduras in 1996. Campaigns against the flies continue in Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Jamaica with financial assistance from the United States Department of Agriculture. Pet dogs in Belize seen infested in 2015.[citation needed]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cochliomyia hominivorax. |
- John Curran, Veterinary Officer, Broome (2002). "Screw-Worm Fly" (PDF). Government of Western Australia: Department of Agriculture Farmnotes. Retrieved May 6, 2006.
- California Department of Food and Agriculture Animal Health Branch (January 2000). "Fact Sheet: Screwworm" (PDF). Retrieved Mar 4, 2012.
- James, Maurice T. (1947) The Flies That Cause Myiasis in Man. USDA Miscellaneous Publication No. 631.


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Eric Reagan Photography
by Eric on October 15, 2009
Sydney really knows how to work the camera. Here's the solemn eyes.
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And when she's done . . . she's done.
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Gerber 3-in-1 Turkey Hunting Kit with Saw, Pruner and Turkey Drag - 22-41211
Part Number: | GB41211 |
GB41211: Turkey Hunting Kit
3-in-1 kit provides one-stop buying to prepare shooting lanes for hunting or to help process game. Kit includes Exchange-A-Blade Wood Saw, a Ratcheting Pruner that can cut branches up to 5/8", and Turkey drag. Nylon sheath holds both tools and turkey drag.
- 3-in-1 kit to prepare shooting lanes and process game
- Includes turkey drag
- Wood and bone blades
- Ratcheting pruner cuts branches up to 5/8"
- Nylon sheath included
- Saw Overall Length: 14.21"
- Pruner Overall Length: 8.07"
- Weight: 15.40 oz.
UPC Code: 013658412118
A nylon polymer that is lightweight and extremely durable, Zytel can be shaped and textured to provide excellent grip.