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environment idiom
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Date: | -- (:) |
From: | Thomas Fischbacher <Thomas.Fischbacher@P...> |
Subject: | Re: [Caml-list] environment idiom |
> On Mon, 2004-12-13 at 21:20, Thomas Fischbacher wrote: > > > > Referential transparency is about the substitution of definitions. > > Evidently, x <- ... is _not_ a definition. > > But this is a bit circular. It is suspect to use the Haskell > definition of 'definition' and then say Haskell is referentially > transparent, a property depending on the definition of 'definition', > because you cannot apply that definition to any other language. Haskell differs from other languages in the one important point that Haskell definitions have all the properties of what a mathematician would call a definition (maybe mod typeclass subtleties). And this is what referential transparency is about: is the notion of "definition" that a programming language gives you just the same as that in mathematics or not? > C also has 'definitions' but they're not at all the same > as Haskell ones. Precisely. And they do not behave like mathematical definitions, so C is not reftransparent. > So when you're looking at monadic Haskell that contains > > x <- ... > > you can claim it isn't a definition.. but it surely > looks like one.. more precisely it looks like an assignment. Well, the C statement x=x+1; may also look like an equation to the uninitiated, but everyone would perhaps agree with me that this is just a misinterpretation of symbols. > However clearly the ST monad is sometimes useful.. > can you explain when that is? Good question... -- regards, email@example.com (o_ Thomas Fischbacher - http://www.cip.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~tf //\ (lambda (n) ((lambda (p q r) (p p q r)) (lambda (g x y) V_/_ (if (= x 0) y (g g (- x 1) (* x y)))) n 1)) (Debian GNU)


text:
President Toni Preckwinkle Meets with Suburban Police Chiefs
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle met with representatives from the North, South, and West Suburban Police Chief associations Tuesday... Read More
President Preckwinkle Nominates Romayne Brown to the Metra Board of Directors
Cook County Board President Preckwinkle today announced her intention to appoint Romayne Brown to the Metra Board of Directors. Brown... Read More
Preckwinkle Marks 50 Years of Cook County Law Library, Providing Equal Access to Legal Resources
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today marked the 50th anniversary and rededication of the Cook County Law Library (CCLL),... Read More
CCHHS Announces Improvements at Oak Forest Health Center
The Cook County Health & Hospitals System today announced the opening of Oak Forest Health Center (OFHC), where new radiology... Read More
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle's crack down on illegal cigarettes nets $1.8 million
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today announced the results of her administration's crack down on illegal cigarette sales. Since... Read More
Proposed Changes to Solid Waste and Recycling Ordinance Would Give County New Tools to Protect the Environment
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle today introduced an ordinance that would give Cook County significant new tools and information... Read More
Cook County Board Approves Medical Examiner's Ordinance Changes to Explore the Use of Cremation
The Cook County Board today unanimously approved changes to the Medical Examiner's ordinance that for the first time would allow... Read More
President Preckwinkle Delivers Keynote Address at Event on Opportunities for Investment in Chicago's Southland
Originally published at the Bureau of Economic Development website, August 21, 2013. Click here to go to the full story.... Read More
Study: One Summer Chicago Plus Youth Employment Program Cuts Violent Crime Arrests in Half
At-risk youth who participated in the 2012 One Summer Plus program experienced a 51 percent drop in arrests for violent... Read More
Field Museum CEO Updates President Preckwinkle On How a County Energy Savings Grant Will Help Them Save Up to $400k
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle recently got a first-hand look at how a $25,000 energy savings grant from Cook... Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Kenyan Govt to Spend U.S $70 Million on Nutrition
Minister of Public Health and Sanitation, Beth Mugo has said that the government will spend six billion shillings in the next five years to improve nutrition in the country. Kenya is currently experiencing a rise in diet-related diseases as diabetes, cancer, kidney and liver complications.
VIDEO: Let's Talk About Toilets
It is not always easy to talk about toilets. But scientists, policymakers and politicians are starting a conversation about solving the sanitation ... see more »
Alice Githae recommends that mothers gradually add grains, such as millet, to their children's diet after six months of breastfeeding. Many mothers overlook traditional foods, which are often nutritious and affordable, because they are perceived as animal feed, she says.
The sprawling slum of Mukuru on the eastern edge of Kenya's capital is a world apart from the glassy skyscrapers towering over traffic-clogged city streets. Its estimated 700,000 ... Read more »


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- Posted October 13, 2010 by
- ChrisMorrow Follow
san diego, California
This iReport is part of an assignment:
Your town's ghost stories |
Ghost Adventures - Queen Mary
I ran into Ghost Adventures at Comic-con and asked them to review the ghostly photograph Marty Morrow captured onboard the Queen Mary in Long Beach.
HLN story
http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/ireports/2009/11/02/ghost.irpt.sot.cnn ]
Paranormal State looked at the photograph http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-363954
CNN iReport
What do you think?
- queenmary,
- ghost,
- ghostadventures
What do you think of this story?
iReport welcomes a lively discussion, so comments on iReports are not pre-screened before they post. See the iReport community guidelines for details about content that is not welcome on iReport.


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Brain tumors are a common form of cancer in children. They can be benign (without cancer cells) or malignant (contain cancer cells).
A tumor that starts in the brain is called a primary brain tumor. A tumor that starts in another part of the body and spreads to the brain is a secondary tumor.
It is not known why most brain tumors occur. The only known risk factor for brain tumors is being exposed to radiation. Rare cases of brain and spinal cord tumors run in families.
Brain tumors may cause:
If any of these symptoms occur without apparent cause, see your child's healthcare provider immediately.
A healthcare provider may order a computed tomographic (CT) scan. A CT scan uses computers and X-rays to create pictures of the body. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may also be done. An MRI is a test similar to a CT scan, but an MRI uses magnetic waves instead of X-rays.
Often, surgery is required to determine whether a brain tumor exists and what type of tumor it is. A small sample of tumor tissue may be surgically removed and examined under a microscope. This is called a biopsy. Sometimes a biopsy is done by making a small hole in the skull and using a needle to extract a sample of the tumor.
There are many types of brain tumors that occur in children. Treatment and chance of recovery depend on the type of tumor, its location within the brain, how much it has spread, and your child's age and general health.
Treatments for your child may include:
Candlelighter's Childhood Cancer Foundation is a national support organization. It provides support for children with cancer and their parents. There are support groups for parents, funding for transportation, and send child cancer patients to special summer camps. Call 800-366-2223 or visit their Web site at http://www.candlelighters.org.
Other resources include the American Cancer Society at 800-ACS-2345 or http://www.cancer.org and the National Cancer Institute at 800-4-CANCER or http://www.cancer.gov.
This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information is intended to inform and educate and is not a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a health care professional.
Yellow Clinic: (816) 960-3080Purple Clinic: (816) 960-3090Green Clinic: (816) 960-3060Orange Clinic: (816) 960-3070
Nurse Advice: (816) 234-3188Children's Mercy West: (913) 233-4400Children's Mercy Hospital: (816) 960-3080
For appointments, test results, and other patient-related information contact us.An adult who is aware of the patient's symptoms should accompany the patient.
Copyright © 1996-2015 The Children's Mercy Hospital


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Jan 6, 2013, 07:53 PM | #76 |
IMHO....and I'm sort of a watch fanatic/collector.
I prefer to wear Citizen watches simply because I can't yet afford the Submariner I've always lusted after. I currently wear an Eco-Drive Titanium Aqualand.....considering a Navihawk if I could get a Stars & Stripes Titanium. As far as technology watches go.....No. This Cookoo is ugly....like an old Casio G Shock. Plus, it's way limited, sorta silly just beeping and flashing symbols reminding you to look at another device....so for me...no. I got more usability out of my Casio keypad watch from the early 90's. (remember those?) I can't understand why Apple has overlooked an obvious tech product....with the 6g nano. I have a watchband for mine and wear it like a watch. It has my iTunes library (16Gb model), Nike+ Fitness, clock face, pictures, Radio, Podcasts....all in a nifty touchscreen. The only real drawback is battery life...you have to remember to dock it every day or two....BUT...the possibilities for this device are endless. Imagine all the mini-apps that could be developed and loaded to it...managed by iTunes like the iPhone....BT the Nano to the iPhone and whatever....WAY more capable than this Cuckoo watch. Alas...seems they've let that one slip away.
24" iMac Aluminum; 17" uMBP (mid 09); 32Gb iPhone4;16Gb iPod Nano 6g Green; 32Gb iPad Air; ATv2 |
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Jan 6, 2013, 08:06 PM | #77 |
I just wish it was bigger.
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Jan 6, 2013, 08:08 PM | #78 |
I'm going to predict that it's going to turn out like those Flip video cameras.
Bring the Mac Pro back!
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Jan 6, 2013, 08:11 PM | #79 |
I think the functionality is way to limited - I would want to view songs playing - have the ability to change songs as well. I think they are just jumping on the smart watch bandwagon to capitalise without engineering a decent product. It will be interesting to see if the rumoured Apple watch pans out
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Jan 6, 2013, 08:22 PM | #80 |
I wonder how many people on here saying they don't get this watch or it's rubbish would rush out and queue up day one to buy an Apple iWatch?
This is a cool understated smart watch that you can actually buy, it is also better then the Pebble as it has a user replaceable battery so you don't have to recharge it every week. And it is a lot cheaper then the Citizen smart watch. I have missed my phone ringing many a time and that is when this type of watch is useful. Not saying I would buy one though..
RIP Jasper, 2000 - 2014
You made our lives special |
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Jan 6, 2013, 08:52 PM | #81 |
There seem to be all sorts of BT Smart devices coming out at CES 2013.
http://www.wahoofitness.com/Products...Rate-Strap.asp is an iPhone-compatible heart rate monitor strap. The old Polar straps used AM radio; this is quite an upgrade. |
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Jan 6, 2013, 09:07 PM | #82 |
Yes because when I ride my bike it is pretty damn hard! So a simple look over my watch i can see who is calling and pull over at a gas station!
---------- Why is that? Do you buy $15 casio watch or fossil bro? $127 is pretty damn cheap for a watch! I guess you never heard of movado, rolex, rado etc.
ppleholic |
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Jan 6, 2013, 09:34 PM | #83 | |
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Jan 6, 2013, 10:21 PM | #84 |
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Jan 6, 2013, 10:25 PM | #85 |
My ten-year-old nephew wouldn't be caught dead wearing this thing. I haven't worn a watch since I bought a cell phone and I'm not going to start wearing one now. This would have been very cool in 1983. In 2013 not so much. Next.
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Jan 6, 2013, 10:37 PM | #86 |
Seems to me if you're the type to spend $300+ on a "real" watch, you wouldn't be caught dead wearing one of these... and that pretty much leaves everybody else, most of whom would be quite content with a $20 Casio from Walmart. It tells the time, what more do you want? For them, this might be a tough sell.
. |
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Jan 6, 2013, 10:47 PM | #87 | ||
---------- Quote:
---------- I wonder if the iPhone will remind you that you forgot your watch? |
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Jan 6, 2013, 11:28 PM | #88 |
Sony SmartWatch ...
does all of this and much more - without the bulk! Battery time doesn't compare but its because of a full colour screen on SmartWatch. Sony leads in the smart connected watch space - formerly SonyEricsson ... they've been doing this since 2004 and have steadily improved. ---------- If I could find the 2006 ad from SonyEricsson's Bluetooth watch of old showing just how a call from another date during dinner with another woman and then reading a text and auto replying ... I'd post it.
Panther Dog Tags|Apple TV|iPhone 5S 32GB| iPad Air 32GB| looking for Mac Mini 2.3Ghz Quad i7 |
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Jan 6, 2013, 11:39 PM | #89 | |||
---------- Quote:
---------- Quote:
---------- LOL....are you a teenager? Adults still wear watches. |
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Jan 6, 2013, 11:43 PM | #90 | |
☻ "A dream you dream alone is only a dream... ... A dream you dream together is reality." ☻ |
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:05 AM | #91 | |
Watches are more of an accessory now. Most are over priced, made in China wrist bands. This watch just moves features to your wrist and not much else. Whereas most people have the phone right there next to them or in their hands. Doesn't seem very useful. Though I do get it. For those that still use watches, this is a cool device that has ADDITIONAL features that work with your phone/device. |
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:33 AM | #92 |
Does someone make a small camera remote? That is one feature that is cool and useful about this watch. I will pay $9.99 for such a single purpose thing.
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:39 AM | #93 |
But I like my iPhone...
So the watch does everything that I do with my iPhone so I don't have to carry my iPhone?
But I LIKE my iPhone. The watch seems like a buffer or a second layer of digital usage to remind me of things that I do on my iPhone all the time. I carry my iPhone with me everywhere. When I go out, I've always got my iPhone with me. So I can now leave my iPhone in my pocket when I do things because I've got this thing on my wrist that reminds me that there are things to do with my iPhone that's in my pocket and takes less than 1 second to pull out? Just seems sort of useless. iPhone is with me 24-7. I don't need a watch to remind me that there are things to-do on my iPhone. |
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:47 AM | #94 |
I think there is a market for this actually. The features, though, are a mixed bag on this particular one.
Not sure why they showed so much smartphone in this video. As soon as you see the phone the first thought is... why would I need this watch? I like the idea of it being a companion to your smartphone but it would need a broader set of innovative features to really draw consumers in. The design isn't bad but could use a couple adjustments too imo.
"Death is the most wonderful invention of life. It purges the system of these old models that are obsolete." - Steve Jobs |
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:51 AM | #95 | |
iPhone 5s, iPad Air, iPhone 5, iPad 2, iPhone 4, iPod Touch 3GS, iPod Shuffle 1st Gen Mac mini --- I work hard as a MS developer so that I can buy Apple stuff --- |
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Jan 7, 2013, 12:54 AM | #96 | |
Yet, I'm not convinced. I'm a college student in my early 20s who wears a watch every day, and I'm a small minority in that regard. Also, even though $130 is fairly inexpensive for a watch, would Generation Y-ers (I assume that the young, "hip" crowd is their market) be willing to shell out even that amount for a watch thatto be honestlooks REALLY cheap? And would older people buy this sort of thing? I don't see the market.
Current: Early 2011 13" MBP 2.3/8/320; 20" C2D iMac, 2.4/4/500 Past: 15" Penryn MBP; 12" Powerbook; PowerMac G4 Cube; Bronze Keyboard Powerbook As a toddler: PowerMac 6400; SE/30 |
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Jan 7, 2013, 01:14 AM | #97 |
It feels like one of those days when people started saying 'It's convenient, but it's just a waste of money. I don't understand why would anyone use this device.' for the initial launch of iPad XD
Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish. -Steve Jobs- Macbook Pro Retina 15" 2013 | iPhone 5
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Jan 7, 2013, 02:10 AM | #98 |
I am going with the sceptic route on this one.
These types smart watches are about 10 years too late. The notion of having a geek watch that will tell you that you have recieved an SMS when youre iphone is in your pocket is redicioulus. Watch wearers today pick watches that matches their style as a fashion accessory more than anything. A few geeks will pick one up for the novelty factor but it wont make it on the broader market. |
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Jan 7, 2013, 02:16 AM | #99 |
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Jan 7, 2013, 02:20 AM | #100 | |
I'm firmly in the "like it" camp. The name is dumb, but only slightly more so than iWhatever. I do like the watch, and for me, I don't wear my phone all the time, especially in my loud vehicles. So this would help me miss less calls. Now I have to get the black cookoo with blue ilum and a tripod mount for my iPhone. |
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Motley Crue rocker Tommy Lee, second from right, is engaged to musician Sofia Toufa. (Richard Shotwell / Invision/Associated Press) |
Tommy Lee is getting married again: The rocker has popped the question to girlfriend Sofia Toufa.
The founding Motley Crue drummer and Toufa, a Greek-German singer, announced their engagement Monday on Twitter.
"There comes a time in a mans life when you just know your partner is for LIFE!!" the 51-year-old wrote. "Say hello to my fiancé and soon to be wife @SOFIofficial"
PHOTOS: Celebrity weddings & engagements of 2014
Toufa, 30, who goes by the stage name SOFI, cutely dubbed herself "something that rhymes with Beyonce!!!!!"
The bride-and-groom-to-be have been dating since 2009.
It'll be the fourth marriage for Lee, who previously wed Elaine Starchuk, Heather Locklear and Pamela Anderson, with whom he has two sons, Brandon, 17, and Dylan, 16. (Anderson recently remarried ex-husband Rick Salomon.)
PHOTOS: Musicians' onstage snafus
Lee was also engaged to Prince's ex-wife Mayte Garcia, but the couple never made it down the aisle.
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La Vista de Medina
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This imaginatively finished rambling property offers unparalleled views over a patchwork of undulating tiled roofs and church spires to the rural splendour of rolling hills fringed by the Atlantic Ocean.. Within a short drive are the unspoilt beaches of El Palmar and La Barossa, whilst just a little further is the picture perfect beach of Bolonia which is also famous for the Baelo Claudio Roman ruins. Closer still is cosmopolitan Vejer de la Frontera, renowned for its international restuarants tucked among the maze of whitewashed streets, but with your own fabulous restaurant with mesmerising views on site - who needs to drive!
A day trip to nearby Jerez, famous for sherry bodegas, flamenco dancing and performing horses, is a must; as is a visit to the historic towns of Seville, Cádiz and Arcos de la Frontera, For a taste of something really different Catamarans leave every 2 hours from nearby Tarifa for the exotic delights of Tangers - an easy day trip away.
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99.2 percent voters consent Tamil Eelam in Holland[TamilNet, Monday, 25 January 2010, 04:57 GMT]In the referendum held in Holland on Sunday on the formation of independent and sovereign Tamil Eelam in the North and East of the island of Sri Lanka, 2,750 voters participated and 99.2 percent of them aspired for it. 2,728 said yes, 9 voted no and 13 votes were invalid. The poll organised by an independent group of the diaspora in the Netherlands was conducted in 15 centres across the country under the supervision of non-Tamil election officials. The organisers estimated roughly 4,000 eligible Eezham Tamil voters in the country and the turnout was 68.7 percent. As the size of the country and the number of voters were small, the organisers were largely depending on door-to-door campaign for participation. A comment commonly heard in the four non English-speaking European countries, Germany, Switzerland and Holland, which went for the referendum last weekend, and in France where it was held in mid-December, was that the democratic exercise would have become much more easier to organise, had there been a Tamil visual media providing adequate coverage. Chronology: 30.01.10 Brisk early voting in UK referendum
19.12.09 Referendum deciding identity
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DAILY MANIFESTOTell GR: What Do You Want More Of Next Gen?Posted on Tuesday, October 22 @ 16:00:19 Eastern by Daniel Bischoff
At some point near the end of the 20th century, man created a glove so powerful it could input cheat codes faster than your brother's dirt bike could crash. This artifact of extreme ability and comfort had the power to start and stop the fad where everyone said stuff was "bad" when they really meant cool. Unfortunately, this item of incredible historical value and ancient mythical power became lost and has remained dormant as a bad idea for decades. We sit on the precipice of yet another ancient crank around the gaming console sundial of life. Now is our time. Now, we have the power... and we're playing with it... or something. What kind of bad ideas did people behind all of your favorite video games have this past generation? What good ideas did they have? I'm talking Curt-Schilling-state-loan bad idea to PS+ good idea to Mirror's-Edge middle ground. Can you help us steer the mighty ship of entertainment software? Maybe if we had some kind of special glove around... somewhere.... What do you want more of next gen?
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Esophagus | Stomach | Duodenum | Capsule Endoscopy | Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Colon & Ileum | Miscellaneous |
63 year-old undergoing colonoscopy for polyp surveillance. A thickened mucosal fold, having no vascular appearance, was biopsied. The site immediately became swollen and blue, as a submucosal hematoma formed at the biopsy site. Shown here is the hematoma, with a trickle of blood emanating from the biopsy site. The biopsy forceps is also seen.
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Zuma Game
This summer there is a new dessert trend. The most voted recipe of the season is the orange cake. It is very delicious and tasty, and it leaves an amazing flavor in your mouth.It is not very hard to cook, so that's a point extra. Your entire family is coming on Sunday for dinner, and you want to surprise them with a delicious dessert. So you need t
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Patrick Roy: 'I'd be very surprised' if Duchene not on Canada's Olympic team
Jan 6, 2014, 11:50 PM EDT
Among the hopefuls that could make Canada's Olympic team is Matt Duchene of the Colorado Avalanche.
Now in his fifth season with the Avalanche, the team that drafted him third overall in the 2009 NHL Draft, Duchene is producing at a point-per-game clip – he's not yet been able to reach this mark over a full season in his NHL career – and could be one of the players called Tuesday, when Hockey Canada's Olympic brass announces its roster for the Sochi Games next month.
His appointment may come with the task of being moved to the wing, particularly with Canada stacked up the middle with centers like Sidney Crosby, Jonathan Toews and Ryan Getzlaf, who are returning from the gold medal winning squad and all expected to be named to the 2014 team.
"I'd be very surprised if he's not on the team," says Avalanche head coach Patrick Roy, as per the Calgary Herald.
"He's speed will be an important asset on the bigger-sized rink. When I spoke to Steve Yzerman they had some points they wanted to talk about. I'm not saying (points) they wanted me to work on . . . but I explained to Duchy that's what they're going to look at.
"If you're good defensively, if you're capable of moving the puck more, stuff like that. And that's what he's doing."
Duchene had four points in three games prior to Monday's contest against the Calgary Flames, when he was held off the score sheet with only two shots on goal.
- canucks30 - Jan 7, 2014 at 12:05 AM
I'd be more inclined to select a natural winger as the inclusion of too many centres my be counter productive.
Then again, having lots of faceoff options and players who are used to playing both ends of the ice can't hurt either.
- 19to77 - Jan 7, 2014 at 12:24 AM
And also, he's one of the fastest skaters in the League. That's a strong asset on the big ice. His style is well-suited to international play.
- atwatercrushesokoye - Jan 7, 2014 at 12:29 AM
Canada is just so deep at centre I don't think you can leave them all at home, you're going to have to ask some players to play out of position on a wing. You're going to have guys who are used to playing first line minutes on their team playing fourth line or extra forward roles in Sochi, I'm sure players more willing to accept other roles will be selected over guys who are determined to be the guy.
- atwatercrushesokoye - Jan 7, 2014 at 12:39 AM
I'm not a fan of the TSN projected team, I hope they're just guessing and wrong and not reporting what they've actually been told by Hockey Canada.
- canada2014gold - Jan 7, 2014 at 2:45 AM
I don't think he should make it unless he's got experience on the wing. Anyone know if he does?
- benrob99 - Jan 7, 2014 at 3:23 AM
I'm so tired of hearing about the "big ice" it's not like they are playing on a frozen football field or something.


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The Chocolate Spiralina Power Ball. OMGosh….This is one intense cookie. And when I speak of intense I am referring to the "green" taste of this cookie. Personally, I like this cookie but it takes a real lover of "greens" to adventure into this one. I almost didn't post for fear that no one would try it…but there a few of us out there that do in fact enjoy to tastes of greens. My mother for instance… She loves green juices without any sweeteners or fruits to tone it down. The ingredient in this recipe that is very green is the spirulina. Even preparing this recipe, I managed to get green powder all over. By the time I was done mixing the batter is was as thick as thick can be and it was so dark green that it appeared to almost be black. This recipe is packed with nutrients and like I said, I like it.
• Encouraging weight loss
• Counteracting toxins in the body
• Helping purify the liver
• Increasing mental alertness
• Lowering blood cholesterol and excess triglycerides
• Helping fight viral infections
• Treating radiation sickness
• Enhancing ability to generate new blood cells
• Improving blood sugar problems
• Strengthening the nervous system
• Strengthening the immune system
• Removing toxic metals such as lead and mercury from the body
• Improving healing of wounds
these are absolutely delicious!!! just made a batch and both me and my hubby love them. thanks for the recipe
Just made these!! Delicious! Was a little skeptical due the the fact that spirulina has such a strong flavour! I used 90% chocolate. Was very impressed. Was looking for another way to use spirulina instead of in shakes all the time! Thanks and good job..:)
Hello Amie-sue, I'm always looking for different ways to interest my children to this wonderful, healthy way of eating. Today my husband found your site, your a god sent, I've been looking for a recipe with Spirulina since my 10 year old boy loves it so much, thank you for sharing wonderful ideas with us , we love your array of beautiful and delicious recipes.
Hello again, just thought you would like to know that my 10 year old son calls your Chocolate Spiralina Powder Balls, "Miracle Balls". I'm very happy you were brave enough to share this recipe with us, thank again!
I just wondering what do you mean to dehydrate for 8 hours at 105 degrees?


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My apologies if this has been noticed on another post.
My wife and son each received the 50th AP newsletter and I've been online all weekend updating our user profiles so Mindy and I can enter the media event drawing. Curiously, however, there is no way for Nicky (our son) to enter. All kids under 18 are severely limited in the information they can enter to register with Disney.com and Disneyland.com. The practical upshot of this is that as near as I can tell, every annual passholder under 18 is not only excluded from the drawing, they are unable to even acknowledge their AP status with disneyland.com or log on to the AP website at all.
Some preliminary caveats:
**Mindy and I were APs before becoming parents. We would love an "adults only" night at Disneyland.
**We love the improved odds generated by automatically excluding all APs under 18.
I would grant the age restriction on the drawing (as stated in the Official Rules), AS LONG AS I could be guaranteed that no guest would be under 18 either, which is currently NOT addressed by the official rules posted online. Contrariwise, if an AP can bring a youth or teen guest, then why exclude them from the drawing? And don't say it's security because RadioDisney is holding contests every other day that limit participation to UNDER a certain age....
To me, it's an issue of economics and benefits. Disneyland has long ago abandoned the "junior" passport in favor of the calendarized versions we have now (SoCal, Deluxe, Premium). We pay full freight for a deluxe passport even though our child will only use a fraction of the Disneyland services due to age interest and height restrictions. We have come to live with this reality at the park. But is this any reason to say my son can't get a mousepad because he's under 18? That doesn't wash. If you're paying for a full AP, then any AP holder should have the full benefits accorded. If you want an adult party at the media event, maybe you should restrict the age; but consider that our son could have come with us (had we been willing to pay) to last year's Haunted Mansion event where alcohol was served to the upper-level guests.
IMHO, the online disneyland web people need to figure out a way to meet both the needs of online child protection and the federal laws pertaining to such and the benefits that should be afforded to any paying annual passholder. 'Cuz right now they're paying like adults and getting treated like kids.


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Tony Jones |
Tony Jones, 24 years of age (6'7), was born in Petersburg, VA. Spending the younger years of his life traveling because his father was in the military, Tony developed an early ear for music watching his dad DJ at various clubs around the world. Tony Jones played basketball in High School and was even fortunate enough to pursue his basketball career in college but a critical incident changed his life forever. He had been rapping since he was 14 years old and after bouncing around a couple colleges, Tony Jones recorded "Can't Stop the Grind" and realized he could actually be successful at his first love, music. Tony Jones released his first project "Hater Motivation" in 2007 and the mixtape was a success. Some influences include Jay-Z, Young Jeezy, T.I, Drake, Lil Wayne, Kanye West, Ludacris, Eminem, Nas, Z-Ro, 2Pac, 50 cent, UGK, Outkast, Chamillionaire, Swishahouse, S.U.C, Nicki Minaj, Juelz Santana, Gucci Mane, Jody Breeze, Yo Gotti and The Game. Tony Jones listens to all types of music-anything from hip hop/rap and R&B to alternative. He currently resides on the northwest side of San Antonio, TX and is about to release his sophomore mixtape, "GRINDTIME Vol.1" in february 2010. You can reach Tony Jones on facebook, myspace or follow him on twitter @Tony_Jones


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As the Port of Los Angeles prepares for the opening of the widened Panama Canal in 2014, the goods movement industry is doing its part to make sure that Los Angeles is ready to meet the challenge with innovative, environmentally friendly projects and technology. Modernizing the terminals, deepening the channel, cleaning the trucks and developing near-dock rail facilities are all essential to maintaining our region's competitiveness.
... a blog by Gary Toebben, President and CEO of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce
... health care information to help you and your business


text: Boasting some serious curves, Victoria + Albert's Cabrits tub takes its inspiration from the exclusive Cabrits peninsula on the Caribbean island of Dominica. The tropical peninsula is a natural product of extinct volcanoes, akin to the Cabrits tub, which is crafted from EnglishCast, a material that incorporates volcanic limestone. The tub's organic form features contours designed to support the bather for a soothing experience. Offering a low profile for easy accessibility, the tub has a maximum water volume of 46.5 gallons and measures approximately 68 in. long, 29 in. wide and 22 in. deep. Cabrits retails for $5,900.


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Nokia Lumia 900 $171 (Lightly used) Galaxy S3 $303 - AT&T - no contract
Last edited by The_Linux_Crew; 04-22-2013 at 11:11 AM..
We've heard your feedback and are continuing to build a better Slickdeals. Click here to check out the updated site.
Return Policy
At Secondipity, we want you to be satisfied with your purchase. If your item does not live up to your satisfaction, we will take it back. All returns do require authorization, so please contact firstname.lastname@example.com to initiate a return. Secondipity can offer level 1 technical support and can likely resolve most difficulties remotely. If the item is fully functional but you have decided you no longer need it, you have two weeks from date of purchase to initiate a return. Secondipity will provide a full receipt minus the cost of return shipping. In the unlikely event of a functional defect with the item, Secondipity will provide a full refund. Upon receipt, Secondipity evaluates the item for functionality. If the item is defective, a full refund will be provided. If the item is not defective, a refund of the purchase price will be given, minus the cost of return shipping. Please keep in mind as you make your purchase that the items Secondipity sells can be new, refurbished or open box units. They will not always look like what you buy at the store, but they should always work just as well. Customers outside the United States will be responsible for returning the item at their own expense. Customs, duties and taxes are not reimbursed. International customers can file for a refund of taxes with their respective governments. Customers will need to save the return receipt as proof the item was returned back to the United States. |
There is an unlocked version of Lumia 900 available here for $220 - Just incase you want a new one and unlocked..
http://1saleaday.com/wireless/ |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |


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March 16, 2014 Present Connections Libra Daily Horoscope
You may feel nostalgic today and find yourself remembering the good times. These feelings may be caused by upheavals in your current relationships. It may be a good idea to set aside time to resolve any issues. You also might want to think about your past relationships and define what it was about them that you are longing for in your present circumstances. You can then make an effort to bring more of these qualities into your current relationships. If there are rifts that need healing in your existing relationships, you may want to find possible resolutions and devote some time today to strengthening your connections. Determining what you need now will allow you to create the essence of what you valued in your past relationships in your existing ones.
For more information visit dailyom.com
This article is printed from DailyOM - Inspirational thoughts for a happy, healthy and fulfilling day.
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Bailout's Handouts
Wondering why the Senate version of the bailout passed so easily? Why, sweeteners of course! Good government watchdog group Taxpayers for Common Sense has broken down the package of tax breaks that were tacked onto the bill (which has ballooned to over 450 pages), and it's clear that at least some of them are being used to placate skittish Senators by handing goodies to their constituents. Examples include a $478 million tax break for movie and TV studios, a $33 million economic development tax credit for businesses in American Samoa, a more favorable depreciation timetable for motor sports race track owners, and an excise tax exemption for manufacturers of wooden arrows meant for children.
MoJo Troll Patrol encourages readers to sign in with Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, Disqus, or OpenID to comment. Please read our comment policy before posting.


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NACET—Northern Arizona Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology—is a business incubator and connector of people. We facilitate business growth. We help entrepreneurs build scalable businesses, bring together the ingredients they need to grow, and look out for obstacles and opportunities.
This growth leads to high-quality jobs, which in turn leads to economic vitality for the region. We are here specifically to match entrepreneurs, startups and companies hungry for growth with what they need to get to the next level. That could be staff coaching and advising, grants, access to specialty labs and equipment, or intellectual property and capital resources. Companies can also tap into our carefully curated network of experts, mentors, faculty, staff, interns and alumni from local businesses and academic institutions.


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06/19/2014 Baseball Lands 11 on Academic Honor RollToby Schwartz led the Leopards with a 3.88 GPA 04/20/2014 Rally Falls Short for Baseball Against BucknellLeopards leave bases full in seventh, lose 5-4 03/29/2014 Baseball Strikes Twice Late to Down CrusadersLeopards take game one from Holy Cross 3-2 03/23/2014 Penn Drops Baseball in 11-7 FinalQuakers take three of four from Leopards 02/18/2014 2014 Baseball Season PreviewLeopards open 2014 campaign with weekend series at VMI 2014: Appeared in 13 games as a junior, making four starts at third base...Had an RBI single on March 29 at Holy Cross...Singled and scored on April 2 at Penn...Drew a pinch-hit, bases-loaded walk against Bucknell on April 20...Patriot League Academic Honor Roll. At Ramsey: Second Team All-League...Played football as a freshman. Loading...
Lafayette Athletics, as a partner in the mission of the College, provides an incredibly effective learning experience for student-athletes through competitive NCAA Division I athletics. Lafayette sponsors 23 varsity sports with more than 600 student-athletes.
Mission Statement | Leopard Tradition | Staff Directory | FeedbackThe Lafayette Sports Network (LSN) handles all multimedia elements and advertising sales for athletics at Lafayette College. LSN is the Patriot League leader in delivering high-quality programming worldwide via television, radio, streaming video and satellite.
Advertising and Sponsorships | Digital Media | LSN TV


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Bangladesh textile industry
The textile and clothing (T&C) industries provide the single source of economic growth in Bangladesh's rapidly developing economy.[1] Exports of textiles and garments are the principal source of foreign exchange earnings. Agriculture for domestic consumption is Bangladesh's largest employment sector. By 2002 exports of textiles, clothing, and ready-made garments (RMG) accounted for 77% of Bangladesh's total merchandise exports.[2] By 2013, about 4 million people, mostly women, worked in Bangladesh's $19 billion-a-year industry, export-oriented ready-made garment (RMG) industry. Bangladesh is second only to China, the world's second-largest apparel exporter of western brands. Sixty percent of the export contracts of western brands are with European buyers and about forty percent with American buyers.[3] Only 5% of textile factories are owned by foreign investors, with most of the production being controlled by local investors.[4]
Bangladesh's textile industry has been part of the trade versus aid debate. The encouragement of the garment industry of Bangladesh as an open trade regime is argued to be a much more effective form of assistance than foreign aid. Tools such as quotas through the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) and Everything but Arms (EBA) and the US 2009 Tariff Relief Assistance in the global clothing market have benefited entrepreneurs in Bangladesh's ready-made garments (RMG) industry. Bangladesh, with a population of about 156 million, is among the most densely populated countries in the world. In 2012 the textile industry accounted for 45% of all industrial employment in the country yet only contributed 5% of the Bangladesh's total national income.[5] [6]
- 1 History of textile production in Bangladesh
- 2 Employment
- 3 Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA)
- 4 Effect of Trade Agreements on Textiles and Clothing Industry in Bangladesh
- 5 McKinsey report (2011): Bangladesh as next hot spot, next China
- 6 Li & Fung Ltd in the Bangladesh RMG sector
- 7 Gallery
- 8 Further reading
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
History of textile production in Bangladesh[edit]
Post 1971[edit]
From 1947 to 1971 the textile industry, like most industries in East Pakistan, were largely owned by West Pakistanis. During that period, in the 1960s, local Bengali entrepreneurs had set up their own large textile and jute factories. Following its separation from East Pakistan the newly formed Bangladesh lost access to both capital and technical expertise.[7]
Until the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971, the textile sector was primarily part of the process of import substitution industrialization (ISI) to replace imports. After the liberation, Bangladesh adopted export-oriented industrialization (EOI) by focusing on the textile and clothing industry, particularly the readymade garment (RMG) sector. Immediately after the founding of Bangladesh (1971),[8] tea and jute were the most export-oriented sectors. But with the constant threat of flooding, declining jute fiber prices and a significant decrease in world demand, the contribution of the jute sector to the country's economy deteriorated.[9]
In 1972 the newly formed government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who was also the head of the Awami League, enacted the Bangladesh Industrial Enterprises (Nationalization) Order, taking over privately owned textile factories and creating a state-owned enterprise (SOE) called Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation (BTMC). President Rahman promoted democracy and a socialist form of capitalism. The BTMC never managed to match the pre-1971 output and in every year after the 1975–1976 fiscal year, lost money. Until the early 1980s the state owned almost all spinning mills in Bangladesh and 85 percent the textile industry's assets (not including small businesses).[7] Under the 1982 New Industrial Policy (NPI) a large number of these assets including jute mills and textile mills were privatized and returned to their original owners.[10]
In the devastating famine in 1974, one million people died, mainly of starvation caused in part by the flooding of the Brahmaputra river in 1974, and a steep rise in the price of rice. Partly in response to the economic and political repercussions of the famine, the Bangladesh government shifted public policy away from its concentration on a socialist economy, and began to denationalize, disinvest and reduce the role of the public sector in the textile industry while encouraging private sector participation. The 1974 New Investment Policy restored the rights to both private and foreign investors.[10] Bangladesh's development model switched from a state-sponsored capitalist mode of industrial development with mainly state-owned enterprises (SOE) to private sector-led industrial growth.[10]
The export-oriented readymade garment (RMG) industry[edit]
1974 the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) and the Daewoo of South Korea[edit]
Starting in 1974 the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in the North American market ensured that trade in textiles and garments remained the most regulated in the world.[11][12] Among other things the MFA set quotas on garments exports from the newly industrialising countries of Asia. Entrepreneurs from quota-restricted countries like South Korea began "quota hopping" seeking quota-free countries that could become quota-free manufacturing sites. The export-oriented readymade garment (RMG) industry emerged at this time. Daewoo of South Korea was an early entrant in Bangladesh, when it established a joint venture in December 27, 1977 with Desh Garments Ltd. making it the first export oriented ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh.[13] After only one year in which 130 Desh supervisors and managers received free training from Daiwoo in production and marketing at Daiwoo's state-of-the-art ready-made garment (RMG) plant in Korea, 115 of the 130 left Desh Garments Ltd. and set up separate private garment export firms or began working for other newly formed export-oriented RMG companies with new garment factories in Bangladesh for much higher salaries than Desh Garments Ltd offered.[12][14][15]
Global restructuring processes, including two non-market factors, such as quotas under Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) (1974–2005) in the North American market and preferential market access to European markets,[11] led to the "emergence of an export-oriented garment industry in Bangladesh in the late 1970s"[12] and ensured the garment sector's continual success.
The garment industry in Bangladesh became the main export sector and a major source of foreign exchange starting in 1980, and exported about $5 billion USD in 2002.[16] In 1980 an export processing zone was officially established in at the port of Chittagong.
By 1981, 300 textile companies, many small ones had been denationalized often returned to their original owners.[7] In 1982, shortly after coming to power following a bloodless coup, President Hussain Muhammad Ershad introduced the New Industrial Policy (NPI), most significant move in the privatization process,[10] which denationalized much of the textile industry, created export processing zones (EPZs) and encouraged direct foreign investment. Under the New Industrial Policy (NPI) 33 jute mills and 27 textile mills were returned to their original owners.
The export of ready-made garments (RMG) increased from $USD 3.5 million in 1981 to $USD 10.7 billion in 2007. Apparel exports grew, but initially, the ready-made garments RMG industry was not adequately supported by the growth up and down the domestic supply chain (e.g., spinning, weaving, knitting, fabric processing, and the accessories industries).[citation needed]
From 1995 to 2005 the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) was in effect, wherein more industrialized countries consented to export fewer textiles while less industrialized countries enjoyed increased quotas for exporting their textiles.[2] Throughout the 10-year agreement, Bangladesh's economy benefited from quota-free access to European markets and desirable quotas for the American and Canadian markets.[4]
export market | USA (textile) | USA (clothing) | EU (textile) | EU (clothing) |
market share in 1995 | <3% | 4% | <3% | 3% |
market share in 2004 | 3% | 2% | 3% | 4% |
As the above table shows, the market shares for Bangladeshi textiles in the USA and both textiles and clothing in the European Union have changed during the time period of the ATC.[17]
Until FY 1994, Bangladesh's ready-made garments (RMG) industry was mostly dependent on imported fabrics - the Primary Textile Sector (PTS) was not producing the necessary fabrics and yarn.[citation needed]
Since the early 1990s, the knit section expanded mainly producing and exporting shirts, T-shirts, trousers, sweaters and jackets. In 2006, 90 percent of Bangladesh's total earnings from garment exports came from its exports to the United States and Europe.[18]
Although there was concern, noted in an IMF report, that the WTO's Multi Fibre Arrangement, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), phase-out would shut down the textile and clothing (T&C) industry,[19] the Bangladesh textile sector actually grew tremendously after 2004 and reached an export turnover of US$10.7 billion in FY 2007. Bangladesh was expected to suffer the most from the ending of the MFA, as it was expected to face more competition, particularly from China. However, this was not the case. It turns out that even in the face of other economic giants, Bangladesh's labor is "cheaper than anywhere else in the world." While some smaller factories were documented making pay cuts and layoffs, most downsizing was essentially speculative – the orders for goods kept coming even after the MFA expired. In fact, Bangladesh's exports increased in value by about $500 million in 2006.[20]
By 2005 the ready-made garments (RMG) industry was the only multi-billion-dollar manufacturing and export industry in Bangladesh, accounting for 75 per cent of the country's earnings in that year.[18]
Bangladesh's export trade is dominated by the ready-made garments (RMG) industry.[citation needed] Bangladesh's garment exports – mainly to the US and Europe – make up nearly 80% of the country's export income.[21] Exports of textiles, clothing, and ready-made garments (RMG) accounted for 77% of Bangladesh's total merchandise exports in 2002.[2]
Textile exports from Bangladesh to the United States did increase by 10% in 2009.[22]
Currently, the textile mills provide 70% of national exports. This proportion is even higher in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the number of employed workers in the textile industry increased by 400 000 in 1990 to 2 million in 2004, and the number of enterprises – from 800 to 4000. Nine out of ten people employed in the industry – are women. In general, the state of the textile industry depends on well-being of 10-12 million people in Bangladesh. By IMF estimates, as a result of the abolition of quota exports of Bangladesh will be reduced by 25%.[citation needed]
Of the millions of wage earning children in Bangladesh in 1990, almost all of them worked in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry. Based on the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics Labor Force Survey estimated there were about 5.7 million 10 to 14 years-old children engaged in child labor. This number may have been as high as 15 million children.[23] In 1993 employers in Bangladesh' ready-made garment (RMG) industry dismissed 50,000 children (c. 75 percent of child workers in the textile industry) out of fear of economic reprisals of the imminent passage of the Child Labor Deterrence Act (the Harkin Bill after Senator Tom Harkin, one of the US Senators who proposed the bill).[23] The act which banned "importation to the United States of products which are manufactured or mined in whole or in part by children" would have resulted in the loss of lucrative American contracts. Its impact on Bangladesh's economy would have been significant as the export-oriented ready-made garment industry represents most of the country's exports.[23]
The results of surveys varied on the demographics and size of the ready-made garments industry at the time of the Harkin Bill. One study estimated that there were 600,000 workers in the industry.,[23][24] BGMEA estimate was c. 800,000.[25] The Asian-American Free Labor Institute (AAFLI) reported that in 1994 females constituted about "90 percent of all adult workers, and roughly 60 percent of all child workers."[23][26]
By 2001 the textile industry employed about 3 million workers of whom 90% are women.[27] By 2013, there were approximately 5,000 garment factories, employing about 4 million people, mostly women, part of Bangladesh's $19 billion-a-year industry, export-oriented ready-made garment (RMG) industry. Bangladesh is second only to China, the world's second-largest apparel exporter of western brands. Sixty percent of the export contracts of western brands are with European buyers and about forty percent with the American buyers.[3] It has been a major source of employment for rural migrant women in a country that has increasingly limited rural livelihood options, and where women migrants have been largely excluded from formal work in the cities.[12]
The structure of gender participation underwent a major shift with the rise of the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. Traditionally the participation of women in Bangladesh's formal economy was minimal. Bangladesh's flagship export-oriented ready-made garment industry, however, with female labor accounting for 90 percent of the work force, was "built to a large extent, on the supply of cheap and flexible female labor in the country."[28]
According to a New York Times journalist by August 2012 the garment or textile industry which exports worth $18 billion a year, accounted for "80 percent of manufacturing exports and more than three million jobs" with predictions by McKinsey & Company of the industry tripling in size by 2020 (McKinsey 2001:10).[21][29]
According to the 2014 Bureau of International Labor Affairs's List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor, the Bangladeshi garments and textile industry still employs underage children[30] as effective governmental measures are taking considerable time to be implemented.
Five deadly incidents from November 2012 through May 2013 brought worker safety and labor violations in Bangladesh to world attention putting pressure on big global clothing brands such as Primark, Loblaw, Joe Fresh, Gap, Walmart, Nike, Tchibo, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger, and retailers to respond by using their economic weight to enact change.[31] No factory owner has ever been prosecuted over the deaths of workers.[3] Other major fires 1990 and 2012, resulting in hundreds of accidental deaths, included those at That's It Sportswear Limited and the fire at Tazreen Fashions Ltd. Spectrum Sweater Industries, Phoenix Garments, Smart Export Garments, Garib and Garib, Matrix Sweater, KTS Composite Textile Mills and Sun Knitting. Major foreign buyers looking for outsourcing demand compliance-related norms and standards regarding a safe and healthy work environment which includes fire-fighting equipment, evacuation protocols and mechanisms and appropriate installation of machines in the whole supply-chain. RMG insiders in Bangladesh complain about the pressure to comply and argue that RMG factory owners are hampered by a shortage of space in their rental units. In spite of this the industry exports totaled $19 billion in 2011-2012. They expected export earnings to increase to $23 billion in 2012-2013.[32]
Two dozen factory owners are also Members of Parliament in Bangladesh.[31]
Scott Nova of the Worker Rights Consortium, a rights advocacy group, claimed that auditors, some of whom were paid by the factories they inspect, sometimes investigated workers right issues such as hours or child labor but did not properly inspect factories' structural soundness or fire safety violations. Nova argued that the cost of compliance to safety standards in all 5,000 clothing factories in Bangladesh is about $3 billion (2013).[31]
In 2000 garment entrepreneurs had a reputation for shirking custom duties, evading corporate taxes, remaining absent in capital markets, avoiding social projects such as education, healthcare, and disaster relief but, argued authors Quddus and Salim, these entrepreneurs took the risks needed to build the industry.[33] Bangladesh successfully competes in the manufacturing industry by maintaining "lowest labor costs in the world." Garment workers' minimum wage was set at roughly $37 a month in 2012 but since 2010 Bangladesh's double-digit inflation with no corresponding rise in minimum wage and labor rights, has led to protests.[21]
A fire broke out on 24 November 2012, in the Tazreen Fashion factory in Dhaka[34] killing 117 people and injuring 200.[35] It was the deadliest factory fire in the history of Bangladesh.[36] According to the New York Times, Walmart played a significant role in blocking reforms to have retailers pay more for apparel in order to help Bangladesh factories improve safety standards. Walmart director of ethical sourcing, Sridevi Kalavakolanu, asserted that the company would not agree to pay the higher cost, as such improvements in electrical and fire safety in the 4,500 factories would be a "very extensive and costly modification" and that "it is not financially feasible for the brands to make such investments."[37]
On April 24, 2013 over 1045 textile workers factories making clothes for Western brands, were killed when a garment factory collapsed. The Savar building collapse was in the Rana Plaza complex, in Savar, an industrial corner 20 miles northwest of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It was the "world's deadliest industrial accident since the Bhopal disaster in India in 1984.[38] While some 2,500 were rescued from the rubble including many who were injured, the total number of those missing remained unknown weeks later.[38] The eight-story building, owned by Sohel Rana, associated with the ruling Awami League, was constructed on a "pond filled with sand". It only had planning approval for five floors.[39] Owners used "shoddy building materials, including substandard rods, bricks and cement, and did not obtaining the necessary clearances."[38] An engineer raised safety concerns after noticing cracks in the Rana Plaza complex the day before its collapse. In spite of this factories stayed open to fill overdue orders. When generators were restarted after a power blackout the building caved in.[3][40] Six garment factories also in Rana Plaza were cleared to re-open on May 9, 2013 after inspectors allegedly issued safety certificates. Nine people were arrested including four factory owners, the owner of the complex and the engineer who warned of the crack in the building.[3]
Immediately following the April 24 deadly industrial accident, Mahbub Ahmed, the top civil servant in Bangladesh's Commerce Ministry, fearing the loss of contracts that represent 60 per cent of their textile industry exports, pleaded with the EU to not take tough, punitive measures or "impose any harsh trade conditions" on Bangladesh to "improve worker safety standards" that would hurt the "economically crucial textile industry" and lead to the loss of millions of jobs.[3]
On May 9, 2013 eight people were killed when a fire broke out at a textile factory in an eleven-story building in the Mirpur industrial district owned by Tung Hai Group, a large garment exporter. Sheikh Hasina, the president of the politically powerful textile industry lobby group, the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), told Reuters that "the Bangladeshi managing director of the company and a senior police officer were among the dead."[38]
As of June 2014[update], efforts to improve safety were being coordinated under "an unprecedented comprehensive "Accord on Fire and Building Safety" ... Around 180 companies - mostly from Europe - international and local trade unions, Bangladeshi employers, exporters and government are part of this agreement."[41] In addition, a "Bangladesh Alliance for Worker Safety - an association of 26 American companies including CAP and Wal-Mart" seeks to address these issues from an entrepreneurial standpoint, without participation of trade unions.[41] Together the two groups "are responsible for inspecting around 2,100 factories over a period of five years."[42] As of July 2014[update], progress had been made in inspecting about 600 factories. A spokesman stated that "Ten factories have been submitted to the Government Established Review Panel and most have been either closed completely or partially."[42]
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA)[edit]
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) is a recognised trade body that represents export oriented garment manufacturers and garment exporters of the country. The fundamental objective of BGMEA is to establish a healthy business environment for a close and mutually beneficial relationship between manufacturers, exporters and importers, thereby ensuring steady growth in the foreign exchange earnings of the country.[43] [1]
BGMEA is being run by a 27-member elected Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is elected for a two-year term. Four Vice Presidents having important portfolios, along with a secretariat of experienced officials, assists the President in formulating and executing vital policies and programs of the organization. The President is the highest executive authority of the association. The Board of Directors takes assistance from different Standing Committees headed by a Chairman and composed of members having vast experience in the related fields. Strict adherence to democratic norms and code of conduct are being maintained in the BGMEA elections, which has been regarded as a trend setter in trade body elections of Bangladesh for its pre-election projection caucus and election-day discipline.The current president of BGMEA is Md. Atiqul Islam.[44][2]
Effect of Trade Agreements on Textiles and Clothing Industry in Bangladesh[edit]
The United States introduced the Tariff Relief Assistance for Developing Economies Act of 2009[45] designated Bangladesh as one of the 14 least developed countries (LDC), as defined by the United Nations and the US State Department, eligible for "duty-free access for apparel assembled in those countries and exported to the U.S." from 2009 through 2019. The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), an industry lobby group, claimed that in 2008 alone Bangladesh paid "$USD 576 million as duty against its export of nearly $3 billion' mainly consisting of woven and knitwear.
McKinsey report (2011): Bangladesh as next hot spot, next China[edit]
Currently Bangladesh is now second largest ready-made garments (RMG) manufacturer after China, by the next five years Bangladesh will become the largest ready-made garments (RMG) manufacturer.[29] Bangladesh was the sixth largest exporter of apparel in the world after China, the EU, Hong Kong, Turkey and India in 2006.[citation needed] In 2006 Bangladesh's share in the world apparel exports was 2.8%. The US was the largest single market with US$3.23 billion in exports, a 30% share in 2007. Today, the US remains the largest market for Bangladesh's woven garments taking US$2.42 billion, a 47% share of Bangladesh's total woven exports. The European Union remains the largest regional destination - Bangladesh exported US$5.36 billion in apparel; 50% of their total apparel exports. The EU took a 61% share of Bangladeshi knitwear with US$3.36 billion exports.
According to a 2011 report by international consulting firm McKinsey & Company, 80 percent of American and European clothing companies planned to move their outsourcing from China, where wages had risen, and were considering Bangladesh as the "next hot spot" making it the "next China"[29][46] offering 'the lowest price possible' known as the China Price, the hallmark of China's incredibly cheap, ubiquitous manufacturers, much "dreaded by competitors."[47]
Li & Fung Ltd in the Bangladesh RMG sector[edit]
Bangladesh is second only to China in the supply chain of billionaire brothers Victor and William Fung's global sourcing giant Li & Fung Ltd,[48] a Hong Kong-based company. Bangladesh has been part of the producing network of Li & Fung Ltd since 1995, following Li & Fung Ltd's acquisition and subsequent expansion of an established British trading company, Inchcape Buying Services.[49] Li & Fung supplies dozens of major retailers, including Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., branded as Walmart.
In his chapter entitled Li & Fung, Ltd.: An agent of global production (2001), Cheng used Li & Fung Ltd as a case study in the international production fragmentation trade theory through which producers in different countries are allocated a specialized slice or segment of the value chain of the global production. Allocations are determined based on "technical feasibility" and the ability to keep the lowest final price possible for each product.[49]
Major Western brands and retailers met in Germany in April for talks regarding Bangladesh building and fire safety setting a May 15, 2013 deadline for a joint agreement. By May 14, 2013 European companies which Europe account for about 60 percent of Bangladesh's clothing exports: United Colors of Benetton, Britain's Marks & Spencer, Sweden's H & M Hennes, Mauritz AB, Inditex SA, and one American company, PVH, which owns brands including Calvin Klein, had endorsed an accord.[48] but Wal-Mart Stores Inc and other companies affiliated with Li & Fung did not sign the endorsement. Following the April 2013 tragedy, Walmart's Rajan Kamalanathan, vice president of ethical sourcing for Walmart spoke with the press. Walmart hired "Bureau Veritas to inspect factories for structural, fire and electrical safety, including checking building designs and permits as part of an expanded inspection process" and is pressuring Bangladesh to close factories.[48]
Bruce Rockowitz, Li & Fung's group president and chief executive spoke to Li & Fung's group shareholders in Hong Kong on May 13, 2013 arguing Li & Fung Ltd should stay in Bangladesh, and "invest more and try to make safety better and work with the government on doing a better job on monitoring buildings.'[48]
In January 2010 Li & Fung (Trading) Limited formed a new subsidiary company called WSG group, a dedicated sourcing stream servicing Wal-Mart globally, selling up to $2 billion worth of goods including WSG, home furnishings, apparel and other items, during the first year of the partnership. Li & Fung President Bruce Rockowitz, explained that direct sourcing is a huge, volume-driven, lower-margin business resulting in the lowest prices which is an advantage to Walmart. Li & Fung Ltd, a Hong Kong-based company, funnels clothes, toys and sporting goods to brand-name retailers including Kohl's, Target, Marks and Spencer and Talbots. Since 2006 Li & Fung control extended deeper into the supply chain to include logistics, production and product design effectively replacing and consolidated the role of middlemen.[50]
→==Education in textile sector== 'Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTex)' is the only public university specializing in textile engineering in Bangladesh .It was graduated from college in full flagged university on 22 December 2010 by an ordinance of Education Ministry and has a glorious history starting as a weaving school under British colonial rule in 1921. Now the University offers graduation courses in Textile Engineering, Industrial Production Engineering, Textile Management & Fashion design. 'Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET)' has also started B.Sc in Textile Engineering from session 2012–2013.
There are Government and private Textile Engineering College under different universities which offers B.Sc. in Textile Engineering course including specialization in Yarn Manufacturing, Fabric Manufacturing, Wet Processing, Garments Manufacturing and Fashion Design. The institutions are as below:
- Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://www.butex.edu.bd
- Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University, Tangail-1902
- Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College, Tangail
- Bangladesh University Of Business & Technology, mirpur-2, Dhaka
- Begumgonj Textile Engineering College, Noakhali
- Pabna Textile Engineering College
- Textile Engineering College, Chittagong, Chittagong
- Abdur Rab Seriniabad Textile Engineering College, Barisal
- Southeast university, Dhaka
- Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka
- Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, Tejgaon, Dhaka
- City University,[51] Banani, Dhaka
- Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka
- Apparel Export Group, Mirpur, DHAKA
- University of South Asia, banani, dhaka.
- Uttara University, Uttara,[3]
- World University Of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- The People's University Of Bangladesh, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
There is another Institute named Public Private Partnership (PPP), National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Savar-Dhaka, Niterbd
BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology
is another university, started functioning in 2000 and was affiliated to the National University, Bangladesh in 2001. BUFT is conducting 2 years MBA course in Apparel Merchandising and 4 years B.Sc. (Hons) course in Apparel Manufacture & Technology (AMT), B.Sc. (Hons) in Knitwear Manufacture & Technology (KMT) and B.Sc (Hons) in Fashion Design & Technology (FDT). It also has some Diploma courses.
Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology or (SMUCT)
Dhaka is also another university providing education on Apparel and Fashion designing. In fact it is the best in Fashion Designing education in Bangladesh and one of the leading Universities in South-East Asia.
Uttara University or (Uttara University)
Dhaka is also another leading university providing education on fashion & apparel .They have strong education structure & lab facilities regarding fashion design & textile.Currently they are proving B.Sc in Fashion Design & Technology/Apparel Merchandising degree along with MBA in Apparel & Fashion Merchandising .
The National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)is another institute in Bangladesh.
Further reading[edit]
- History of textile industry
- Easterly, William (2002). The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. Massachusetts: The MIT Press. These popular books along with the Rhee journal article have contributed to making the phenomenal growth of the garment industry in Bangladesh widely known.
- Rhee, Yung Whee (1990). "The Catalyst Model of Development: Lessons form Bangladesh's Success with Garment Exports". World Development 18 (2): 333–316. doi:10.1016/0305-750x(90)90057-5.
See also[edit]
- Child labor in Bangladesh
- List of companies of Bangladesh
- Next Eleven
- 3G (countries)
- Bangladeshi RMG Sector
- Multi Fibre Agreement
- Economy of Bangladesh
- Export-oriented employment
- ^ "Reproductive Health and Rights is Fundamental for Sound Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation," United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
- ^ a b c "Textiles on the WTO Website". WTO Secretariat. Archived from the original on 3 November 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
- ^ a b c d e f Paul, Ruma; Quadir, Serajul (4 May 2013). "Bangladesh urges no harsh EU measures over factory deaths". Dhaka: Reuters.
- ^ a b "Garment industries in Bangladesh and Mexico face an uncertain future". Textiles Intelligence. 2003-10-15. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
- ^ Md. Mazedul Islam, Adnan Maroof Khan and Md. Monirul Islam (February 2013). Textile Industries in Bangladesh and Challenges of Growth (PDF). Research Journal of Engineering Sciences (Report) 2 (2): 31–37.
- ^ Keane, Jodie; te Velde, Dirk Willem (7 May 2008). The role of textile and clothing industries in growth and development strategies (PDF) (Report). Investment and Growth Programme Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ a b c Lorch, Klaus (1991). "Privatization Through Private Sale: The Bangladeshi Textile Industry". In Ravi Ramarmurti; Raymond Vernon. Privatization and Control of State-owned Enterprises. pp. 93–128.
- ^ en, Samuel; Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs. Dictionary of Genocide: A-L. Volume 1: Greenwood. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-313-32967-8.
- ^ Spinanger, D. (1986). "Will the MFA keep Bangladesh Humble?". In the World Economy (Basil Blackwell Publisher) 10 (1): 75–84. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.1987.tb00083.x.
- ^ a b c d Momen, Nurul. "Implementation of Privatization Policy: Lessons from Bangladesh" (PDF). The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal (Rajshahi, Bangladesh.) 12 (2).
- ^ a b Bhattacharya, D.; Rahman, M (2001). "Bangladesh's Apparel sector: Growth trends and the Post-MFA challenges". Proceedings of a National seminar on ready-made garment industry: 2–26.
- ^ a b c d Kabeer, Naila; Mahmud, Simeen (29 July 2004). Rags, Riches and Women Workers: Export-oriented Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh (PDF) (Report). Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO).
- ^ "History of Desh Group". Bangladesh: Desh Group.
- ^ Easterly, William (2002). The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
- ^ Hossain, Naomi (2001). Gender Equality and Development: Background Paper: Exports, Equity and Empowerment: the Effects of readymade Garments Manufacturing on Gender Equality in Bangladesh (PDF) (Report). World Development Report 2012. World Bank.
- ^ Mahmood, S.A. (2002). "How the Bangladesh garment Industry took off in the early eighties: The role of policy reforms and diffusion of good practices". Alochona Magazine (8).
- ^ Hildegunn Kyvik Nordas (2004). "The Global Textile and Clothing Industry post the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing" (PDF). WTO Secretariat. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
- ^ a b Haider, Mohammed Ziaul (June 2007). Competitiveness of the Bangladesh Ready-made Garment Industry in Major International Markets (PDF) (Report) 3 (1). Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review.
- ^ Monfort Mlachila and Yongzheng Yang (2004). The End of Textiles Quotas: A Case Study of the Impact on Bangladesh. IMF. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
- ^ Haider, Mahtab. "Defying predictions, Bangladesh's garment factories thrive." The Christian Science Monitor. 7 Feb 2006. 11 Feb 2007. http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0207/p04s02-wosc.html
- ^ a b c Yardley, Jim (23 August 2012). "Made in Bangladesh: Export Powerhouse Feels Pangs of Labor Strife". The New York Times (Ishwardi, Bangladesh).
- ^ "Textile exports to US slip 12% in H1". The Hindu Business Line. 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
- ^ a b c d e Bangladesh: Child Labor in Export Industry: Garment (Report). Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
- ^ Hossain, Hameeda (16 January 1993). "The Child Factor in the Garment Trade". Dhaka: The Daily Star.
- ^ Department of Labor (14 May 1994). Interview with Mr. Redwan Ahmed, President, Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (Report).
- ^ AAFLI Bangladesh Report at 9 (Report). Asian-American Free Labor Institute (AAFLI). 1994.
- ^ Begum, N. (2001). "Enforcement of Safety Regulations in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: Growth of Garment Industry in Bangladesh, Economic and Social Dimension". Proceedings of a National seminar on ready-made garment industry: 208–226.
- ^ Titumir, Rashed Al Mahmud (18–19 August 2003). Spinning the Chain: Lost in the Queue: International Restructuring and Bangladesh Women Garment Workers (PDF). Global Trade Regime and Women Employment: Dynamics, Dilemmas and Downturns. Dhaka.
- ^ a b c Bangladesh's ready-made garments landscape; the challenge of growth (PDF) (Report). McKinsey & Company. 2011.
- ^ List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor
- ^ a b c "Avoiding the fire next time". The Economist. 4 May 2013.
- ^ Nur, Shah Alam (1 May 2013). "Space shortages at rented houses make RMG units non-compliant". Bangladesh: Financial Express.
- ^ Quddus, Munir; Rashid, Salim (2000). Entrepreneurs and Economic Development: The Remarkable Story of Garment Exports from Bangladesh. Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
- ^ Ethirajan Anbarasan (25 November 2012). "Dhaka Bangladesh clothes factory fire kills more than 100". BBC. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ Farid Ahmed (25 November 2012). "At least 117 killed in fire at Bangladeshi clothing factory". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ Anis Ahmed and Ruma Paul (25 November 2012). "Bangladesh's worst-ever factory blaze kills over 100". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ Greenhouse, Steven (5 December 2012). Documents Indicate Walmart Blocked Safety Push in Bangladesh. The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Quadir, Serajul; Paul, Ruma (9 May 2013). "Bangladesh factory fire kills 8; collapse toll tops 900". Dhaka: Reuters.
- ^ Damien Gayle (30 April 2013). "Bangladesh factory death toll could reach 1,400: Primark says it will compensate families of killed and injured". Daily Mail (London).
- ^ "Disaster in Bangladesh: Rags in the ruins: A tragedy shows the need for a radical improvement of building standards". Dhaka, Bangladesh and Savar, Bangladesh: The Economist. 4 May 2013.
- ^ a b "Cleaning up Bangladesh's textile industry". Deutsche Welle - Asia - Labor Market. 2014-06-30. Retrieved 2014-07-01.
- ^ a b Domínguez, Gabriel (2014-07-18). "Alliance: 'Remediation in Bangladesh's garment factories will take time'". Deutsche Welle - South Asia. Retrieved 2014-07-20.
- ^ Banglapedia. "BGMEA".
- ^ 111th Congress (2009) (May 21, 2009). "S. 1141 (111th)". Legislation. GovTrack.us. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
Tariff Relief Assistance for Developing Economies Act of 2009
- ^ Shannon, Sarah (29 April 2103). "Shoppers turn blind eye to Bangladesh tragedies as cheap clothes win". Bloomberg News. Check date values in:
(help) - ^ "Review of Alexandra Harvey's 'The China Price: The True Cost of Chinese Competitive Advantage'" 254 (49). Publishers Weekly. December 2007. p. 45.
- ^ a b c d Paul, Ruma; Quadir, Serajul (14 May 2013). "European, U.S. retailers split on Bangladesh reform plan". Dhaka, Bangladesh: Reuters.
- ^ a b Cheng, Leonard K. (2001). Leonard K. Cheng, Henryk Kierzkowski, ed. Li & Fung, Ltd.: An agent of global production in Global Production and Trade in East Asia. Springer. pp. 317–323. ISBN 978-1-4613-5647-9.
- ^ Alberts, Hana R. (29 January 2010). "Hong Kong's Li & Fung will source up to $2 billion in goods". Hong Kong: Forbes.
- ^ http://www.cityuniversity.edu.bd
External links[edit]
- industry-bd.com
- Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association
- Apparel Export Group of Bangladesh (AEG)
- Garments Buyers Worried for Political Crisis of Bangladesh
- industry-bd.com


text:
Rodney Crowell
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
This article may be written from a fan's point of view, rather than a neutral point of view. (December 2014) |
Rodney Crowell | |
Crowell onstage at Whelan's, Dublin, January 2009
Background information | |
Born | Houston, Texas, United States |
August 7, 1950
Genres | Country |
Occupation(s) | Singer-songwriter, record producer, performer, music director |
Instruments | Vocals Guitar |
Years active | 1972–present |
Labels | Warner Bros., Columbia, MCA, Sugar Hill, Epic, Yep Roc, New West |
Associated acts | Rosanne Cash, Steuart Smith, Emmylou Harris, the Cicadas, The Notorious Cherry Bombs, Los Super Seven |
Website | Official Site |
Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album Diamonds & Dirt. He has also written songs and produced for other artists.
He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt. Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris' "Hot Band".
He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song "After All This Time" and one in 2014 Best Americana Album for his album "Old Yellow Moon".
Early life[edit]
Crowell was born on August 7, 1950 in Crosby, Texas, to James Walter Crowell and Addie Cauzette Willoughby.(Chinaberry Sidewalks (New York: Knopf, 2011) He had come from a musical family, with one grandfather being a church choir leader and the other a bluegrass banjo player. His grandmother played guitar and his father sang semi-professionally at bars and honky tonks.[1] At age 11, he starting playing drums in his father's band. In his teen years, he played in various garage rock bands in Houston, performing hits of the day mixed with a few country numbers.[1]
1972–1986: Early career[edit]
In August 1972 he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in search of a musical career and got a job as a songwriter after being discovered by Jerry Reed.[1] He later met and befriended fellow songwriter Guy Clark, who became a major influence on his songwriting and vice versa.[2][3] While there, he said, "I got a real cold splash in the face of what real songwriting is about. I started filling my mind with as many symbols and images as I could. I started reading. I got real hungry to have something to contribute".[2] Emmylou Harris had recorded one of Crowell's songs, "Till I Gain Control Again", on her Elite Hotel album and made a request to meet him. After he sat in with Emmylou at her gig at the Armadillo World Headquarters in early January 1975, she asked him to play rhythm guitar in her backing band, The Hot Band. He accepted and left the following day to join Emmylou in Los Angeles.[2][4]
In 1977 as a side project, he formed a musical group, The Cherry Bombs, together with Vince Gill, Tony Brown and others.[5] One year later, he signed a solo deal with Warner Bros. Records and in late 1978, released his debut album, Ain't Living Long Like This.
His debut album, as well his following two albums, But What Will the Neighbors Think and Rodney Crowell, were not commercially successful despite garnering a huge cult following. Crowell himself criticized his debut album for not translating onto vinyl the same clarity and energy he felt in the studio. His single "Ashes by Now" from "But What Will the Neighbors Think" reached No. 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1981.
Though he had already several country hits by artists covering his songs (including "Ain't Living Long Like This" by Waylon Jennings, "Leaving Louisiana..." by the Oak Ridge Boys, and several covers by Johnny Cash, Rosanne Cash, Emmylou Harris, Jerry Reed and others), Crowell got his first big taste of pop songwriting success with "Shame on the Moon". "Shame on the Moon" was recorded on the 1982 album "The Distance" by Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band. Glenn Frey joined Seger on background harmony on the song. Appealing to a broad cross-section of listeners, the song spent four weeks at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart, topped the adult contemporary chart, and placed in the Top 15 of the country chart in early 1983. The song's dark, poetic and hypnotic style helped boost Crowell's cult status.
The album Rodney Crowell was released in 1981 (see 1981 in country music) by Warner Bros. Records and was his last album on that label before switching to Columbia. The first album Crowell produced by himself, it reached No. 47 on the Top Country Albums chart and No. 105 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. The songs "Stars on the Water" and "Victim or a Fool" were released as singles. "Stars on the Water" reached No. 30 on the Hot Country Songs chart, Crowell's highest charting song up to that point. It peaked at No. 21 on the Canadian country charts. "Victim or a Fool" reached No. 34 in the U.S.
In 1981, Rodney left Warner Bros.' roster, putting his career on hold to produce several of his wife Rosanne Cash's albums.[2]
In 1983 Crystal Gayle had a number one Country single with his song "'Til I Gain Control Again" from her first Elektra album, "True Love". The song was first recorded in 1975 by Emmylou Harris.
1986–1995: Columbia Records and Mainstream Success[edit]
After producing Rosanne Cash's Rhythm & Romance, Crowell signed to Columbia Records in 1986. His first album for that label, Street Language, was co-produced with Booker T. Jones and featured a blend of Soul and country music.[6] The album did not chart.
Although best known as a songwriter and alternative country artist, Crowell enjoyed mainstream popularity during the late 1980s and early 1990s. His critically acclaimed album 1988's Diamonds & Dirt produced five consecutive No. 1 singles during a 17-month span in 1988 and 1989: "It's Such a Small World" (a duet with Cash), "I Couldn't Leave You If I Tried," "She's Crazy For Leavin'," "After All This Time" and "Above and Beyond" (a cover of Buck Owens' 1962 hit). Crowell's "After All This Time" won the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Country Song. His follow-up album, 1989's Keys to the Highway, produced two top 5 hits in 1990, which were "Many a Long and Lonesome Highway" and "If Looks Could Kill."
After 1992's Life Is Messy, he left Columbia Records and signed to MCA Records where he released two more albums — Let the Picture Paint Itself and Jewel of the South.
2001–2010: Songwriting Success, Critical Acclaim[edit]
Crowell continued to enjoy success as a songwriter in the 1990s and 2000s. Crowell's songs that reached to Top Ten in the country charts in the decade included "Song for the Life" by Alan Jackson, "Making Memories of Us" by Keith Urban, "Ashes By Now" by Lee Ann Womack, and "Please Remember Me" by Tim McGraw.
In 2001, after a brief hiatus from recording, Crowell released The Houston Kid on Sugar Hill Records, his first studio album since 1995's Jewel of the South. Many songs on the album were semi-autobiographical, and the album included a duet Crowell had recorded and released as a single in 1998 with his ex father-in-law Johnny Cash, "I Walk the Line (Revisited)". Crowell followed up this effort with Fate's Right Hand in 2003 and The Outsider in 2005, both of which appeared on Columbia Nashville, a division of Sony Music. Leading critics and Crowell consider these three albums his finest work as a solo artist.
Rodney Crowell was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 with fellow inductees Hal Blair, Paul Overstreet and John Prine.
2004 saw the release of The Notorious Cherry Bombs, a reunion of Crowell's 1970s road band, including Vince Gill and Tony Brown. The future Keith Urban hit "Making Memories of Us" was included on this disc. In 2005, Crowell served as producer for established Irish singer/songwriter Kieran Goss on the album "Blue Sky Sunrise".
In 2007, Rodney Crowell was inducted into the Music City Walk of Fame.
Crowell released his next album, Sex and Gasoline, on Yep Roc Records in 2008, ending his relationship with Sony Music. The album received a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album.[7] Crowell figures prominently in musician-neuroscientist Daniel Levitin's book The World in Six Songs for which he was interviewed, and three Crowell songs, "Shame On The Moon," "I Know Love Is All I Need" and "I Walk the Line (Revisited)" are featured in the book.
In 2009, Crowell wrote Wynonna Judd's title track to her album Sing: Chapter 1, which also was released in 2009. The song was given several electronic dance music remixes, and sent to dance radio as Judd's second release from the album. In August 2009, the single reached No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart.
Crowell produced Chely Wright's 2009 album, Lifted Off the Ground. Wright also made a cameo appearance in Crowell's 2008 music video for his single Sex and Gasoline.
Vintage Books published Crowell's memoir, Chinaberry Sidewalks, in 2011. "Chinaberry Sidewalks" focuses primarily on Crowell's relationship with his parents' marriage and his own early years growing up in Houston, Texas.[8]
In 2012, Vangard Records released KIN: Songs by Rodney Crowell and Mary Karr. Karr wrote the lyrics and Crowell set them to music. KIN was Karr's first foray into songwriting. Crowell performed four tracks on the album; one as a duet with Kris Kristofferson. A variety of other artists recorded the other songs on the album, including Norah Jones, Vince Gill, Lucinda Williams, Lee Ann Womack, Rosanne Cash, Kris Kristofferson and Emmylou Harris.
On February 26, 2013, Crowell and Emmylou Harris released Old Yellow Moon on Harris' longtime label Nonesuch Records. The album reached Number 4 on Billboard 's Country albums chart and Number 29 on the Billboard Hot 200 charts. In 2013, the album won the Americana Music Awards' Album of the Year award and Crowell and Harris were named group/duo of the year. On January 26, 2014, Crowell won his second Grammy Award when Old Yellow Moon won the Grammy for Best Americana Album.[9]
Crowell released his first album on New West Records, Tarpaper Sky, on April 15, 2014. Crowell co-produced the record with his long-time collaborator, Steuart Smith. In the fall of 2014, Crowell was hired as music director for the Hank Williams biopic, I Saw the Light. He worked with actor Tom Hiddleston on his guitar chops and singing style and even appeared in the film as William's father. In October, Crowell served as music director for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame tribute to the Everly Brothers featuring Don Everly, Vince Gill, Graham Nash, Alison Krauss, Emmylou Harris, Shelby Lynne, Allison Moorer, Ledisi, Peter Asher, John David Souther, Keb Mo, the Secret Sisters, Bonnie "Prince" Billy, Dawn McCarthy and Emmett Kelly. The band included legendary players including Richard Bennett, Waddy Wachtel, Jerry Roe, Byron House, Jim Cox and Don Peake.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
1986 | "I Don't Know Why You Don't Want Me" (with Rosanne Cash) | Best Country Song | Nominated |
1989 | "I Couldn't Leave You If I Tried" | Best Country Song | Nominated |
1990 | "After All This Time" | Best Country Song | Won |
2005 | "It's Hard to Kiss The Lips at Night That Chew Your Ass Out All Day Long" (with Vince Gill) | Best Country Song | Nominated |
2009 | "Sex and Gasoline" | Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album | Nominated |
2014 | "Old Yellow Moon" (with Emmylou Harris) | Best Americana Album | Won |
Americana Music Honors & Awards
Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
2004 | "Fate's Right Hand" | Song of the Year | Won |
2004 | "Fate's Right Hand" | Album of the Year | Nominated |
2006 | "The Outsider" | Album of the Year | Nominated |
2006 | "Don't Get Me Started" | Song of the Year | Nominated |
2006 | Rodney Crowell | Lifetime Achievement Award in Songwriting | Won |
2009 | "Sex and Gasoline" | Song of the Year | Nominated |
2013 | "Old Yellow Moon" (with Emmylou Harris) | Album of the Year | Won |
2013 | "Old Yellow Moon" (with Emmylou Harris) | Best Duo/Group | Won |
Academy of Country Music Awards
Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
1988 | "Diamonds and Dirt" | Album of the Year | Nominated |
1988 | Rodney Crowell & Rosanne Cash | Vocal Event of the Year | Nominated |
1989 | Rodney Crowell | Male Vocalist of the Year | Nominated |
1989 | "After All This Time" | Single of the Year | Nominated |
1989 | "After All This Time" | Song of the Year | Nominated |
1989 | "After All This Time" | Video of the Year | Nominated |
1990 | Rodney Crowell | Male Vocalist of the Year | Nominated |
1999 | "Please Remember Me" (with Will Jennings) | Song of the Year | Nominated |
Personal life[edit]
He was married to Rosanne Cash (daughter of Johnny Cash), from 1979 to 1992 and they had an influence on each other's careers, with Rodney producing most of her albums during that period and her success influencing his songwriting. They collaborated on a number of duets, including 1988's "It's Such a Small World." Although Crowell and Cash are now divorced, they remain on friendly terms, performing together occasionally. Crowell and Cash have three daughters, Caitlin, Chelsea, and Carrie, and together raised Hannah, Rodney's daughter from a previous marriage. He married Claudia Church in 1998 and they share a home south of Nashville with their dog, Mono.
- ^ a b c Anon. "Sounding Board (Rodney Crowell)." Spirit Lake Beacon 28 Sep 1978: 15-TV
- ^ a b c d Campbell, Mary. "Singer has adjusted to his wife's greater success." The Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pennsylvania) 17 Jul 1988: C-2
- ^ Rutkoski, Rex. "Crowell Makes it in Recording Field." News Record (Warrendale, PA) 1 Jul 1980: B-6
- ^ AP. "Rodney Crowell is a Nashville newcomer with solid background." The Galveston Daily News 19 Sep 1989: 9-A
- ^ Inductees, Music City Walk of Fame
- ^ Owens, Thom. "Rodney Crowell — Street Language". Allmusic. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
- ^ CMT : News : Rodney Crowell's New Album Coming in September
- ^ Maslin, Janet (January 12, 2011). "Sad and True Love Story, Worthy of Its Soundtrack". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-04-05.
- ^ Whitaker, Sterling. "2014 Grammy Awards – Country Winners List". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rodney Crowell. |
Awards | ||
Preceded by Trent Reznor |
AMA Song of the Year (Songwriter) 2004 |
Succeeded by Mark Heard |
Preceded by Guy Clark |
AMA Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting 2006 |
Succeeded by Willie Nelson |