text:
AlarmForce Announces Q3 Revenues
TSX - Trading symbol - AF
TORONTO, Sept. 10, 2012 /CNW/ - AlarmForce Industries Inc., Canada's largest manufacturer and installer of live two-way voice home alarm systems, is pleased to announce results for the nine months ended July 31, 2012:
July 31, 2012 | July 31, 2011 | Change | |||||||
(9 months ended) | (9 months ended) | (over same period) | |||||||
Revenue | $ | 33,440,000 | $ | 30,297,000 | +10% | ||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 622,000 | $ | 4,715,000 | -87% | ||||
Net income | $ | 455,000 | $ | 3,321,000 | -86% | ||||
Cash flow from operations | $ | 1,951 ,000 | $ | 5,603,000 | -65% | ||||
EBITDA/share | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.65 | -42% | ||||
EBITDA before marketing expenses | $ | 17,202,000 | $ | 15,293,000 | +12% | ||||
Basic Net income / share | $0.04 | $0.27 | -85% | ||||||
Diluted Net income / share | $0.04 | $0.27 | -85% | ||||||
* EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Income Taxes, Depreciation, and
Amortization) is a key measure in the security industry and should not be interpreted as IFRS) |
EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expenses, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is a measure used in the security industry to assist in understanding and comparing operating results and is often referred to by our competitors. Management views EBITDA as a measure to assess the operating performance of the Company. Yet, since it does not have any standardized meaning defined by Canadian IFRS, it may not be considered in isolation of IFRS measures such as net income/loss or cash flows, as a measure of liquidity. The Company, however, utilizes these measures in making operating decisions and assessing its performance. Management believes that it allows the Company to assess its ongoing business without the impact of depreciation or amortization expenses. Since EBITDA is not a defined term under IFRS, it is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.
Joel Matlin, President and CEO, announced that, "AlarmForce closed the third quarter with revenues of $33.4 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2012. Total subscribers increased to 132,100, reflecting an annualized growth rate of 9% in the net subscriber base.
Nine month revenues increased by 10% over the comparative period and three month revenues increased by 11% over the comparative period. Net income for the nine month period decreased by 86% from $3.3 million to $0.5 million. The increase in marketing costs to launch and promote VideoRelay and enter the Florida market more than offset revenue growth. The impact of these expenses on income is a reflection of our organic growth model, in which the costs to create new subscriber accounts are expensed even though the new accounts represent long-term recurring monthly revenues over the life of the subscriber relationship. The Company's organic account creation model puts downward pressure on net income, even though the value of the business continues to grow with the growth in subscribers. While marketing costs will exceed revenues in the short term, management expects VideoRelay to contribute to earnings as the product establishes brand recognition and gains market acceptance.
As mentioned, in previous announcements, the transition to VideoRelay will bear a front-loaded impact, due to the significant investment in increased marketing costs and hiring and training skilled personnel. We have also expanded installation, sales and support, and engineering staff to support future growth across all our service territories." This will position the Company for future growth in revenues from both existing and new subscribers seeking technology-enhanced services.
For the nine months ended July 31, 2012, EBITDA decreased from $7.8 million to $4.3 million, a 45% decrease. However, excluding the impact of the marketing expenses, EBITDA increased from $15.3 million to $17.2 million, a 12% increase.
Our cash flows from operations decreased from $5.6 million to $2.0 million for the nine months, a decrease of $3.6 million. Notwithstanding the fact that the increase in advertising expenditures exceeded revenue growth and decrease in other cash expenses, we funded all growth, branding and product development from internal cash resources. We continue to show zero debt on our balance sheet."
Mr. Matlin continued: "VideoRelay puts our brand at the forefront of technology with enhanced features that are designed and manufactured exclusively by AlarmForce. We anticipate accelerated growth as we gain traction in our existing markets. We believe that consumers are seeking more interactive services which are not offered by competitor systems and our brand is well positioned as the consumer market accepts our leading-edge technology."
Mr. Matlin closed by saying: "As we continue the transition to new, enhanced products and services, we look ahead optimistically to increasing our market share in both the home alarm and the consumer video market. I would like to thank our subscribers, investors, employees and Directors for their continuing support and confidence in our future."
AlarmForce provides security alarm monitoring, personal emergency response monitoring, video surveillance and related services to residential and commercial subscribers throughout Canada and selected centres across the United States. AlarmForce is a leading provider of two-way voice alarm systems in Canada. More information about the Company's products and services can be found at www.alarmforce.com and www.videorelay.com.
SOURCE Alarmforce Industries Inc.


text:
Giveaway: Three Pairs of Tickets to See Freelance Whales Tonight at The Loft
Not gonna lie: The first time I heard Freelance Whales' "Hannah," with its quirky electronic flourishes, sentimental lyrics and cutesy vocal delivery, I was fairly certain that it was some new Owl City single. And, ever since, I've had trouble deciding if that was a good or bad thing for the band and its songs filled with excessively wide instrumentation.
On the one hand, they seem like a cookie-cutter band formed specifically to up the indie music world's adorable quotient. And, on the other hand, well, they pretty much are adorable.
Plus, what's not to like about people who are proficient at being whales going from whale job to whale job to pay the bills? What are their pay rates? How does their plankton-per-minute ratio factor in?
These are hard-hitting questions that need answers. And maybe we'll be able to get the answers to some of them as the Brooklyn-based folktronic outfit stops by The Loft on this jam-packed evening to share a bill with Denton's Own Sundress -- a nice, trippy pairing, no doubt.
And, thanks to the fine folks at The Loft, we've got a handful of tickets to give away to this show. Want a free pair? Hit the skip to find out how to win.
Update: Contest is over. Congrats to our winners!
Sponsor Content

subset: commoncrawl


text:
IMP Awards > Movie Poster Taglines
Movie Poster Taglines
"Give destiny a destination" - Far Out Isn't Far Enough: The Tomi Ungerer Story (2012)
"Give him enough rope..." - The Vampire Diaries (tv)
"Give life. Teach love." - Daddy's Little Girls (2007)
"Give up three years of their lives or give up the life of their friend. They have eight days to decide." - Return to Paradise (1998)
"Given the right address, anything is possible." - Letters to God (2010)
"Giving 'em what they want since the dawn of motion pictures." - American Grindhouse (2011)
"Giving bad a good name" - Megamind (2010)
"Giving frontier justice a kick in the balls." - Quick Draw (tv)
"Giving inner city kids something they haven't had for generations... a future" - Heart of Stone (2009)
"Glamour was the disguise." - Bugsy (1991)
"Gloria. Big mouth. Big attitude. But who knew she had a big heart." - Gloria (1999)
"Go ahead, tell the end (its too hilarious to keep secret) but please don't tell the beginning!" - Gambit (1966)
"Go ahead. Have the cheeseburger." - Repo Men (2010)
"Go bananas!" - Space Chimps (2008)
"Go behind the lies." - The General's Daughter (1999)
"Go beyond the music..." - Celine: Through the Eyes of the World (2010)
"Go every step of the way" - Honey 2 (2011)
"Go for the ultimate spin" - Spider-man (2002)
"Go further." - Interstellar (2014)
"Go get yourself loved" - Happythankyoumoreplease (2011)
"Go go gadget" - Inspector Gadget (1999)
"Go home" - Turistas (2006)
"Go where no comedy has gone before" - Land of the Lost (2009)
"Gobble gobble motherf#@ker!" - ThanksKilling 3 (2012)
"God asks. The Devil commands." - The Last Exorcism Part II (2013)
"God bless America. Now what's in it for me?" - The War Effort (2002)
"God created man. Man created immortality." - Self/less (2015)
"God gave you a second chance" - What If... (2010)
"God has a grand design... Guess who has to build it?" - Evan Almighty (2007)
"God has a rock band." - The Source Family (2013)
"God loves you." - Satan Hates You (2010)
"God made him simple. Science made him a god." - The Lawnmower Man (1992)
"God made him simple. Science made him a god. Now, he wants revenge." - Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace (1996)
"God save the queen!" - The Ant Bully (2006)
"God will f*** you up" - The Catechism Cataclysm (2011)
"God's gift to home shopping." - Holy Man (1998)
"Godfather or snitch" - Mr. Untouchable (2007)
"Going behind the lines to expose crimes against humanity" - E-Team (2014)
"Going home is no vacation." - Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008)
"Going home isn't always a good idea." - Ghosts of the Heartland (2009)
"Going to high school for the first time is always scary... especially the second time around." - Strangers With Candy (2006)
"Gold is thicker than blood" - Son of a Gun (2014)
"Golf pro. Love amateur." - Tin Cup (1996)
"Good cop. Bad cop. Nothing is that simple." - Street Kings (2008)
"Good cop. Great criminal." - Stander (2004)
"Good cop. Mad cop." - The Heat (2013)
"Good cops. Bad hair." - Starsky & Hutch (2004)
"Good dead are hard to find." - Fido (2007)
"Good doctor. Bad habits." - Rush (tv)
"Good evening." - Hitchcock (2012)


text:
Load tests to failure of model brickwork arches
Walker, P. and Melbourne, C., 1988. Load tests to failure of model brickwork arches. Model Analysis as a design tool, 42.
Related documents:
This repository does not currently have the full-text of this item.You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided below.
Item Type | Articles |
Creators | Walker, P.and Melbourne, C. |
Departments | Faculty of Engineering & Design > Architecture & Civil Engineering |
Refereed | Yes |
Status | Published |
ID Code | 13185 |
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text:
hwg-basics archives | Apr 2001 | new search | results | previous | next |
Re: Form problemby bkrWeb Services <bkrweb(at)bkrweb.com> |
I don't know what the problem is, but I have realized that it is only in the lines with the <input type="hidden" ...>. Any clues? Kathie Riechmann At 10:10 PM 4/7/01 -0500, bkrWeb Services wrote: >I've got a problem that I can't figure out -- I need somebody else's eyes >or maybe a brain less fried than mine. > >I have a form at http://www.bkrweb.com/progress/cits/contact.html . This >is a temporary location. My problem is with validation. When I run this >through the w3c validator I get a number of messages like this: ... >alue="http://www.cits-inc.com/images/dishback.gif"> The little arrow >underneath is pointing at the closing bracket in each case. Could someone >look at my code and see if you can tell what it is I'm doing wrong? Thanks. > >Kathie Riechmann >bkrweb(at)bkrweb.com
HTML: hwg-basics mailing list archives, maintained by Webmasters @ IWA


text:
Acid and lignin-free paper, deluxe pigment print
Patterned Giraffe
by Ampersand Design Studio
About the work
This fun giraffe print is customized with a child's name.
Premium Art Paper:
Minted's Premium Art Prints are printed on museum-quality cotton rag archival paper with archival pigment ink. The result is a stunning, museum quality print with rich and vibrant colors. This paper and print method is used on all Premium Art Prints.
Standard Art Paper
Minted's Standard Art Prints are printed on an acid and lignin-free matte art paper with deluxe pigment ink. The result is a beautiful print with vibrant colors. This paper and print method is used on all Standard Art prints.
Professionally Handled
For protection, each Art Print is shipped in an acid-free and lignin-free sleeve.
About the Artist
Carrie Kiefer & Morgan Georgie of Kansas City are long-time colleagues, friends and the owners of Ampersand Design Studio. Carrie & Morgan's mission is to create looks and lives that are creative, harmonious and happy.
About the work
This fun giraffe print is customized with a child's name.
Protect Your Print
We recommend framing your Minted Art Print to best show off your new purchase and to protect the quality of the paper and printing. Minted offers professional framing on all Art Prints 44" x 44" and smaller.
Framed Premium Art Prints feature custom built archival framing materials. Each framed Minted Premium Art piece is fitted with all wood mouldings, an archival backer, UV-plexi glass and finished bumpers to protect your wall, and hanging wire.
Framed Standard Art Prints are fitted with durable plexi glass and finished with a protective backing, bumpers and hanging wire.


text:
"We believe in old-fashioned
customer service."
Our colorful flashing and blinking necklaces will turn heads wherever you go! They are ideal for parties, raves and your next night out clubbing. The LED powered necklaces come in many unique shapes. Take a look at our colorful twisted star necklace, Maraca necklaces, peace signs or the 22" rainbow flashing necklace! For special occasions such as Halloween we also have awesome flashing ghosts, spiders or jack-o-lanterns! The necklaces are easy to use: Turn them on and let them flash by simply pressing a button!
22 Inch Rainbow Flashing LED Necklace
22 Inch Red-White-Blue Flashing LED Necklace
LED Flashing Mustache Necklace
LED Flashing Peace Sign Necklace
LED Flashing Twisted Star Necklace
LED Flashing Light Stick Pendant Necklace - Color Changing
LED Light-Up Flower Lei
LED Flashing Maraca Necklace
The LED necklaces will be the ultimate accessory for parties, dancing or any other occasion where you want to turn heads. They also make perfect and affordable gifts. Let them blink and flash in awesome colors! We have necklaces in many unique varieties, shapes and forms.
Our LED flashing twisted star necklace, peace signs and 22" Rainbow flashing necklace will blink and flash in many colors: The ideal eye-catching jewelry for your next rave or night-out with your friends!
To make your next Halloween party perfect, we also have spooky spiders, jack-o-lanterns and ghost necklaces. They will be big fun to give to your kids and will also help to make them safer at night once they are out trick-or-treatin'.
All our colorful LED flashing necklaces are easy to use because all you need to do is press a button and they will blink and flash for many hours.
Get awesome flashing necklaces and more cool LED jewelry at Glowuniverse! Take advantage of our low wholesale prices for colorful flashing fun wherever you go!


text:
Last updated: 04/23/2001 10:37:34 PM
Sponsored Links
Interview Interlude:[I]- Interviewer
[R]- Rampage
[I] Hi I'm sittin here with Rampage
Whose album is comin out tomorrow
[R] I feel great
*beat kicks in*
[I] Yea you look good too
Let me ask you a question, what are you sayin the words
Are they violent, are they controversial
What are you sayin on the music - what is it?
[R] Go buy the album
[I] Go buy the album?
Well the people wanna know what you tryin to say
You're not pushin that violence or fightin or anythin
[R] Check the album
[I] Well let me ask you a question
How you gonna handle fame and fortune as a rapper?
I'm sittin in the room, smokin a fat pack of boom
Watchin a crazy cartoon, plus my hours comin soon
It's a minute to midnight
I'm soon to take flight
I'm sounded right, sucka niggas can't see my light
I'm nervous, Ready wanna know how I'm comin
The Boy Scout drop the true shit then I'm hummin
It's my check in the mail, with my book of rowdy record sale
All in my mind, when I'm bitin my nail
I just can't felt, I'm the heavyweight that takin the scale
I gotta get mine, so I gotta raise hell
I'm vaxin in this rap biz alone
Like a cyclone, watchin head get flowned
With the quickness, temple to type shape it is
It's the Boy Scout Superman that's with this
You know you can't see this, droppin street shit non stop
This was Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] Yeah I'm back with Rampage
And Rampage, I think your are afraid of the heat
[R] This was Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] Maybe there's just too much pressure on a rapper
Whose album comes out tomorrow comes out tomorrow
[R] This was Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
Are you one of those New Jack rappers
who just started rappin or somethin
[R] This was Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
The audience wants to know are you tryin to say somethin know
[R] This was Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
Back in a minute
As a new artist, I know some party peoples want to try me
Why me? Because the Rampage is a mystery
Reingin supreme and all that, I'm packin my gat
The Boy Scout is up to bat
I'm swingin, crack the bat, it's a homerun
No way to rope son, I'm shakin at the top done
As I flip my lid, rap to me
Is a lifetime bid, I'm locked down to be shakin it kid
I did it, Brooklyn bound to reck the whole place
As my beats meet ya town
I'm stressed so tell me what's the phenoms
I gotta keep calm hopin the Red Oktoba album is the bomb
East to West, I'm still droppin street shit non stop
Right on Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] Okay how is the Last Boy Scout gonna handle fame
and fortune
[R] Right on Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] How you gonna handle the the power of being a star
Of being successful
[R] Right on Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] What kinda role model you gonna be for the people
Tell us Rampage
[R] Right on Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
[I] Are you one of those types of guys that forget
Who you are and where ya came from
[R] Right on Da Night B4 My Shit Drop
Da Night B4 My Shit Drop, should I get hit
And hand pop to show all my rap peoples I will never stop
I've been rappin for 10 years, I'm about to go 10 more *echoes*
Sponsored Links
Click here to submit the Corrections of Da Night B4 My Shit Drop Lyrics


text:
Call Us Toll Free 1.800.745.9058 M-F 8:00AM - 5:00PM CST
Healthcare Practitioner Grade Supplements
This ultra hydrating moisture cream is a high emollient formulation of shea butter, olive squalene, hyaluronic acid and beta glucan, creating the ultimate in skin rehydration and rejuvenation. Deeply moisturizing and nourishing.
Indication: Suitable for all skin types
-Contains no less than 1.0% Hyaluronic Acid-A powerful blend of rich and creamy moisturizing liposomes, humectants, Aloe Vera and Vitamin E-Replenishes and conditions the skin overnight
Shea Butter BaseVit. C
Ingredients:Purified water, Capric/Caprylic Triglycerides (derived from coconut oil,), Shea Butter, Olive Squalene, Vitamin E Acetate, Vitamin A Palmitate, Phytomenadione (Vitamin K), Hyaluronic Acid, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Beta Glucan, Dexapanthenol (Vitamin B-5), Chamomile Extract, Collagen Amino Acids, Elastin Amino Acid Peptides
Dosage:Apply sufficient amount to cover face with a nourishing layer. Morning and/or evening, apply with light upward strokes to thoroughly cleansed, toned and treated face.
WARNINGS:Keep out of eyes.


text:
- Pensions@UCL
0207 679 1999 - Payroll@UCL
0207 679 1922 - Occupational Health@UCL
0207 679 2802 - Staff Development@UCL
0207 679 1921 - HR Consultancy@UCL
- HR Systems@UCL
- Equalities@UCL
0203 108 3991 - HR Process@UCL
1-19 Torrington Place
9th and 10th Floors
London WC1E 7HB
Tel: +44 020 7679 1843
Advertising Salaries
The normal practice is to include the salary range inclusive of London Allowance and excluding the contribution points.
In exceptional circumstances (i.e., posts that are extremely difficult to fill), reference to the highest contribution point in the salary range may be made provided that the phrase "subject to performance" is used. For example, an advertisement for a Grade 7 post could state that the salary inclusive of London Weighting is "£28,386 to £34,337 (progression to £37,290 possible, subject to performance)". Recruiting managers should refer to our Accelerated Increment/Contribution Point process to help explain to applicants how this level of performance is measured. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/hr/docs/accelerated_and_contribution_points.php
For grant funded research posts where the funding does not permit the advertisement of the full salary range the following options are available:
- Advertising a starting salary. Please note that an appointment may not be made at a higher salary
- Advertising a restricted range with the maximum point constrained by the available funding. The minimum salary of the scale for the grade must be advertised.
- Advertising a 'circa' salary, e.g., if the possible maximum salary is point 34 plus London Allowance then the advertisement could read "salary circa £30,000 p.a." which allows space for negotiation.
October 2007


text:
- About
- Find Members
- Programs
- Resources
- Get Involved
- News
- Membership
- For Members
Japan Ecolodge Association
Member Since
Industry Association
Ohfukan 5F, 400 GojoKarasuma-cho
Regions of Operations
Japan Ecolodge Association
About Us
Japan Ecolodge Association (ECOLA)endeavors to disseminate the ecolodge concepts by offering certification scheme based on 110-item Japan Ecolodge Checklist. We firmly believe that locally operated nature-based lodges of low-impact facility with educational and interpretative programs can lead to help conservation and improve sustainability of surrounding nature while revitalizing local economy.
Sustainability Practices
Environmental/Ecological Impact Choosing products of 'green purchasing' and 'energy conservation' can assist minimize the impacts. We encourage members to use them as each product offers detailed information on environmental impacts provided by Green Purchasing Network and The Energy Conservation Center. Social/Cultural Impact Each of our member ecolodge is small scale and run by one or a small group of operators. Because of its location and scale, tourists are guaranteed for full attention of the operator(s) to appreciate both social and cultural practice." We have generated 110 item ecolodge checklist to raise the awareness of conservation and sustainability for ecolodge members. Our policy is to gather information and promote sustainable accommodations in Japan under International standards. Performance can be measured by reading our criteria and self-audit results of our members. Ecotourist naturally choose the environmentally friendly, community-supported ecolodges over conventional facilities. We provide the information of the member lodges and lodges enjoy eco-conscious visitors. We encourage the member lodges to participate or create a mechanism to bring financial benefits to the surriunding nature and/or the local community. We demonstrate that ecolodge operation can help local community to empower themselves thru workshops. We hold periodic meetings and workshop with pertinent organizations and institutuions to voice the importance of ecolodges. Newsletters and the website are also effective.


text:
Low-loss channel waveguides and Y-splitter formed by ion-exchange in silica-on-silicon: erratum
Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 16, pp. 12037-12038 (2008)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (146 KB)
The boundary conditions in Eq. (
© 2008 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(130.3120) Integrated optics : Integrated optics devices
(160.6060) Materials : Solgel
(230.7380) Optical devices : Waveguides, channeled
(240.0310) Optics at surfaces : Thin films
(130.2755) Integrated optics : Glass waveguides
ToC Category:
Integrated Optics
Original Manuscript: July 25, 2008
Published: July 28, 2008
Zian He, Yigang Li, Yingfeng Li, Yanwu Zhang, Liying Liu, and Lei Xu, "Low-loss channel waveguides and Y-splitter formed by ion-exchange in silica-on-silicon: erratum," Opt. Express 16, 12037-12038 (2008)
Cited By |
Alert me when this paper is cited |
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Fig. 3. |


text:
Internet Telephony Magazine Click here to read latest issue Subscribe for FREE - Click Here
CUSTOMER Click here to read latest issue Subscribe for FREE - Click Here
Cloud Computing Magazine Click here to read latest issue Subscribe for FREE - Click Here
IoT EVOLUTION MAGAZINE Click here to read latest issue Subscribe for FREE - Click Here
Consumer confidence in the overall economy and sentiment toward technology both fell again in February, according to the latest figures released today by the Consumer Electronics Association (News - Alert) (CEA)®.
The CEA Index of Consumer Expectations (ICE), which measures consumer expectations about the broader economy, fell 2.7 points in February to 165.3. Consumer confidence in the overall economy declined for the second consecutive month.
"Consumer sentiment slipped again in February for both the overall economy as well as consumers' appetite to purchase tech - though some of the latter drop is likely related to seasonal factors as well," said Shawn DuBravac, CEA's chief economist and senior director of research. "Despite wealth gains from national real estate values rising and equity prices continuing to climb, consumers remain subdued."
The CEA Index of Consumer Technology Expectations (ICTE), which measures consumer expectations about technology spending, fell 5.6 points in February to 77.4.
"The two percent payroll tax increase that went into effect at the beginning of the year is likely starting to have an impact on consumer purchasing decisions," said DuBravac. "Moreover, consumers remain concerned about U.S. fiscal policy as they attempt to internalize the potential impact from the impeding federal budget sequestration."
The CEA Indexes comprise the ICE and ICTE, both of which are updated on a monthly basis through consumer surveys. New data is released on the fourth Tuesday of each month. CEA has been tracking index data since January 2007. To find current and past indexe, charts, methodology and future release dates, log on to CEAindexes.org.
About CEA:
The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) is the preeminent trade association promoting growth in the $209 billion U.S. consumer electronics industry. More than 2,000 companies enjoy the benefits of CEA membership, including legislative advocacy, market research, technical training and education, industry promotion, standards development and the fostering of business and strategic relationships. CEA also owns and produces the International CES (News - Alert) - The Global Stage for Innovation. All profits from CES are reinvested into CEA's industry services. Find CEA online at www.CE.org, www.DeclareInnovation.com and through social media: https://www.facebook.com/#!/CEAfeed, http://twitter.com/ceafeed, http://blog.ce.org/.
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text:
Glynn County, Ga., funds by Justice, Department of
Listing $421,922.00 in stimulus funds from Justice, Department of for Glynn
Note: For some programs where states do not report where money will be distributed across the state, we do not have the allocation for individual counties. Those programs include: Medicaid, unemployment benefits and food stamps. Those amounts are included in the totals for where the state agency receiving that money is located.
Amount refers to both the amount of stimulus funding going toward the project and the face value of the loan.
Recipient | Amount | Description | Federal Dept./Agency | Date |
GLYNN, COUNTY OF | $394,468 | Recovery Act - Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program / Grants To Units Of Local Government This federal grant will help purchase equipment in Glynn County and the City of Brunswick Police Departments. It will also fund personnel in the Glynn/Camden County Drug Court. | Justice, Department of | 6/25/2009 |
Recovery Act - Eward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program/ Grants to States and Territories BJA FY 09 Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant. The JAG Program allows states and local governments to support a broad range of activities to prevent and control crime and improveve the criminal justice system. JAG grants support to all component... Show more
This spending item is part of a $36,210,659 allocation.
See details
Justice, Department of | 5/19/2009 |


text:
Oil-paper umbrella
This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2010) |
Oil-paper umbrella | |||||||
Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 油紙傘 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 油纸伞 | ||||||
Japanese name | |||||||
Kanji | 和傘 | ||||||
Oil-paper umbrella (Chinese: 油紙傘) is a type of paper umbrella that originated from China. It subsequently spread across Asia, to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand and Laos. People in these countries have further developed the oil paper umbrella with different characteristics. As the Hakka moved to Taiwan, the oil-paper umbrella also began to develop in Taiwan.[1]
Other than the purpose of providing shade, oil-paper umbrellas are also traditional essential wedding items. In both traditional Chinese and Japanese weddings, the matron of honour would cover the bride with the oil-paper umbrella upon arrival in order to avoid evil spirits. Purple umbrellas are a symbol of longevity for the elders, while white umbrellas are used in funerals. Oil-paper umbrellas are also used as props in Japanese traditional dances and tea ceremonies.
In the early Hakka society, two umbrellas were usually given as dowry, due to the "paper" and "child" homonym in the language, symbolizing a blessing for the woman to "give birth to a son soon", a propitiatory compliment to the newlyweds at the time. Also, as the character "umbrella" contains "four people", gifting the umbrellas represents a blessing for the couple to have many sons and grandsons. In addition, because of the "oil" and "have" homonym, and that the umbrellas open into a round shape, they symbolize a happy, complete life. It was also customary to give an umbrella to a 16-year-old young man at his rite of passage.
In religious celebrations, oil-paper umbrellas are often seen on the sacred sedan chairs as cover, used to shelter people from rain and sunlight, also to drive the evil spirits away. Today, oil-paper umbrellas are mostly sold as works of art or souvenirs.
- 1 History
- 2 Basic production process
- 3 Oil paper umbrella in Mainland China
- 4 Oil-paper umbrella in Taiwan
- 5 Oil-paper umbrella in Japan
- 6 Oil-paper umbrellas in Thailand
- 7 Karakasa in art
- 8 References
The spread of oil-paper umbrellas was started by the wife of Luban (魯班), Yun's (雲氏) invention. "Chop bamboo sticks to thin strips, covered in animal fur, closed to become a cane, opened as a cone." (劈竹為條,蒙以獸皮,收攏如棍,張開如蓋). But early umbrella materials were mostly feathers or silks, later replaced by paper. The exact time in which oil paper umbrellas appeared is unknown. It is estimated that it spread across to Korea and Japan during the Tang dynasty. It was commonly called the "green oil paper umbrella" during the Song dynasty. The popularity grew and the oil paper umbrella became commonplace during the Ming dynasty. They are often mentioned in popular Chinese literature.
Basic production process[edit]
The production process and required procedures are different in each region. However in general they can be divided into four main steps:
- Bamboo is selected
- The bamboo is crafted and soaked in water. It is then dried in the sun, drilled, threaded and assembled into a skeleton.
- Paper is cut and glued onto the skeleton. It is trimmed, oiled, and exposed to sunlight.
- Lastly, patterns are painted onto the umbrella.
Oil paper umbrella in Mainland China[edit]
The art on the Chinese style of oil-paper umbrella are majorly focused on tradition black and white Chinese painting such as flowers, birds and scenery. There are others which include scenes from famous Chinese literature such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Romance of the West Chamber. Yet there are some that have Chinese calligraphy instead of paintings. However, traditional colors are kept on the sticks and the scaffold of the umbrella to maintain the antiquity.
Yuhang, Zhejiang[edit]
In Yuhang in Zhejiang, oil-paper umbrellas have been produced for as long as 230 years, since the 清乾隆 dynasty (1769), by 董文遠, who owned an umbrella shop. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are made with high mechanical skills and top materials which provided its endurance. Prolonged exposure to sunlight and rain does not do damage, thus been popular among the common people. Lots of travelers that pass through Yuhang would buy umbrellas from 董文遠's umbrella shop as souvenirs for friends and relatives. Oil-paper umbrellas in Yuhang are available in a variety of different types and purposes, including those that are used for fishing or as collection of the aristocrats.
In 1951, Zhejiang province have chosen Yuhang as the focused point of industrial artifact for oil paper umbrellas, and initiated a group for this establishment in 1952. The later established "Artifact Rain umbrella industry co-operations" (Chinese: 雨傘手工業合作社) was the first industry of artifacts in Zhejian province. This establishment was once in the spotlight of the Chinese media. However, as the popular metallic umbrella appeared in the market, the oil-paper umbrellas have faced extinction.
On December 5, 2006, artisan 劉有泉 met a government official of the Yuhang district proposed to recover the oil paper umbrella in Yuhan, in the intention to start a new pop culture and increase the local wealth. 劉有泉 spent a few hundred RMB and bought some dozens of bamboo umbrella from an bamboo umbrella factory. But 劉有泉 did not have the skills, only to keep these as a "canvas" for 30 some years. A local media reported for a search of an oil paper umbrella artisan and increased local awareness. Four days later, four artisans:房金泉、陳月祥、沈麗華、孫水根 prompted and have intentions to recover the art (drawing oil paintings on the bamboo umbrella). They have passed their skills and technique to some local bamboo farmers and brought income to them. The governmental officials of Yuhang have listed this art for major protection and important antique artifact (Antiquities Act).
Production and materials[edit]
Production requires skilled hands and technique as well as personal experience. Training to become a master in oil paper umbrella manufacture requires an apprenticeship and a great deal of practice. Apprentices must practice the skills for three years to officially master this technique. Tools are made by professional blacksmiths. The material of the umbrellas are chosen with care. The Umbrella scaffold is made from either bamboo or wood, tied with hair strings. The best umbrellas are made from peach flowers, as the umbrella surface will be soaked in persimmon pigment. The persimmon pigment is made from fermenting the juice of green persimmons,[2] which provides a suitable stickyness. The soaked flower skins are stuck to the umbrella scaffold one by one. Paintings or pictures are drawn on the peach flower skins prior to painting tung oil on top. The finalized umbrella is left to dry in a dry dark room. It requires at least 70 steps to produce a well crafted oil paper umbrella.
In Luzhou, Sichuan, the oil-paper umbrella culture started around the end of Ming and the onset of Ching dynasty. Oil paper umbrella have existed here for as long as four hundred years. Herem, the umbrellas are exquisite with fine paintings, abundant colors and beautiful outlooks, the umbrellas are also famous for their ability to shield strong winds. In 1993 May, six experienced artisans have spent four months to produce a famous "二龍戲珠" umbrella, which was exported to countries such as England, Malaysia and Singapore. The "二龍戲珠" was made out of 88 pinaceae and 52 bamboo sticks with 1800 skin paper and 100 kilograms of oil pigment. The "二龍戲珠" went through over 70 procedures and was named as the "Chinese King of Umbrella".
After Western umbrella have increased popularity, the Luzho oil paper umbrella have diminished dramatically, in addition, due to the sophisticated procedures, the high production cost and low profit, not many young men are willing to commit to this art. In 2004, only about thirty experienced artisans are willing to continue this umbrella production. A lot of people were worried that the skills will soon become extinct at the time. In 2005 October, an exhibition in Shanghai have sent invitation to local government for the intention of exhibiting the oil paper umbrella, the oil paper umbrella have recovered its popularity since then.
After the recovery, Yunnan and Luzho minorities have gained awareness on oil paper umbrella and used them during ceremonies and gifts. Later, the umbrellas were exported to Japan, Singapore, Korea, Hong Kong and Macau.
Production and materials[edit]
Contemporary local artisans still utilize the traditional method of oil paper umbrella production, which includes the 70 so procedures of total manual production. Such as slicing the bamboo and painting the pictures. Materials used are also orthodoxical to the traditional materials, such as the bamboo sticks are directly brought from the mountains where it was chopped. Tools of production are old too. Such as the black stone ink is already 450 years old. Quality control is strict, the four trenches should not meet and the tung oil must be spread evenly across the umbrella surface. The paintings adhere to the situations they are used for.
Oil-paper umbrella in the Wuyuan County of the Jiangxi province are orthodoxical and beautiful in appearance, as well as endurable with portability, named the "金溪斗笠甲路傘".
History and modifications[edit]
During the Song dynasty, a local resident of Jiangxi named "馬庭嵐" was awarded the position Chancellor, who then brought an oil-paper umbrella back to Jiangxi with him from a major city. One named "甲路人" have improved upon the prototype and passed it on to his descendants. It was said that during the Ching dynasty when 康熙 was on the throne, one day 康熙 secretly travelled to Wuyuan and it was raining. 康熙 saw a kid who threw a stone at the umbrella, however, the stone bounced back off from the umbrella without damaging it. 康熙 was surprised by the quality and strength of the oil paper umbrella and gave it a positive name called the "甲路紙傘甲天下". It is then commonly called the "甲路傘".
甲路傘 was awarded the first place during an international exhibition in the 1936, and reached its peak at 1943, which recorded to have once produced 25,000 umbrellas and exported 17,000 annually. In 2000, however, only three eighty-year-old artisans have possessed the skill, in addition, one of the raw materials, persimmon tree is in extinction[clarification needed]. 甲路傘 have since them became extinct. In 2006, the locals have produced a new and natural breed and increased the quality of 甲路傘. 甲路傘 production reached 50,000 annually and exported to countries such as United States, Japan and Korea. Contemporarily, there are four factories located in Wuyuan with an net worth of eight million RMB, thirty villagers and 1,800 workers.
Production procedures and materials[edit]
甲路傘 is made from high quality bamboo, skin paper and tung oil. The main procedures are slicing the umbrella scaffold, cutting the umbrella portion, installing the umbrella sticks, boiling the umbrella stick, adding the skin paper, painting on the skin paper, editing the umbrella skin, brushing on tung oil, stitching the umbrella with decorations, installing the handle and the head. Altogether about thirty procedures.
Oil-paper umbrella in Changsha, Hunan province is dated back to about 100 years, the earliest oil-paper umbrella shop is "陶恆泰紙傘店". Which is named after "陶季橋", who established the shop during the Ching dynasty.
History and modifications[edit]
In 1900, 梁敬庭, who worked in an umbrella shop in Changsha have opened his own umbrella shop called the "梁宏發傘". It produces the old type of oil, black ink umbrella. The beautiful name "湘潭木屐 靖港油傘" is attributed to its fine features and endurance. In 1921, 潘饋清 brothers started a factory called "菲菲傘" that mass-produces umbrella skin paper. The umbrella skin it produces include traditional flowered ones and many other pictures, these umbrellas were exported to Hong Kong, Macau and South East Asia. The umbrella was awarded in a Chinese exhibition in 1929. The highest production rate was thirty thousand per year until February 1975. "靖港雨傘社" was abolished, and 靖港 oil paper umbrella production was terminated.
Production procedures and materials[edit]
The raw materials of the Changsha oil-paper umbrella are skin paper, nan bamboo, cotton silk, fa rope, tung oil, persimmon water, pigment, cow horn and wood. The umbrellas produced by "陶恆茂" are especially fine featured and commit to the abide to the traditional production methods with strict materials.
History and modifications[edit]
The Hankou, Hubei, province has been producing oil paper umbrella for a few hundred years. In 1864, 蘇文 who was originally from Hunan invested in an umbrella shop along with what he has learnt. He later opened an official umbrella shop called "蘇恆泰傘店", hired 12 workers and 3 apprentices. The production rate is about 500-600 umbrellas per month, and he also brought up the popularity of the umbrella market locally. He later expanded his business and gained enormous profits.
蘇恆泰 oil-paper umbrella gained much popularity locally. It was once popular to buy umbrellas for marriages with the brides and the grooms. Bride holding a blue one and groom holding a red one with the connotation of a beautiful marriage. In 1970, the 蘇恆泰 oil paper umbrella have became extinct, and this art was officially extinct.
Production procedures and materials[edit]
蘇恆泰 oil-paper umbrella uses to class material, the scaffold are made from a special type of bamboo and the umbrella handle from a special type of wood from Hunan. Tung oil, skin paper and persimmon oil are all strictly picked. A 蘇恆泰 oil-paper umbrella could last for about eight to twelve years.
Oil-paper umbrella have been produced in both Fuzhou and Nanping of Fujian. Oil paper umbrella is one of the three treasures in Fuzhou (福州三寶). The other two are namely the 脫胎漆器 (paint) and the 牛角梳 (comb). Umbrellas play a large part in Fuzhou residents' daily lives, local people call it "包袱傘" which literally means everyone's backpack has an umbrella in it. Oil paper umbrella in Nanping is famous with two other brands altogether known as the "three mouth" (三口), the other two mouths are 水口 and 閩清口. The production initiated in the twentieth century. The highest production recorded was fifty thousand annually. The traditional oil paper umbrella was gradually replaced by the collapsible umbrella in the 1970 decade. The local artisans switched to producing small and portable umbrellas since then. The umbrellas produced in Nanping is currently exported to Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, South East Asia, Europe and America.
History and modifications[edit]
The oil-paper umbrella in Fuzhou is dated as long as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. When 王審知 established his own kingdom called "閩國" at Fuzhou, he brought the oil paper umbrella from Zhejiang with him. During the Ching dynasty, there were as many as 300 shops in Fuzhou. Oil paper umbrella was also one of the symbol for riot against the Japanese during the Xinhai revolution. The oil-paper umbrella in Fuzhou was famous for its endurance in an expo in Panama in 1915 and Chicago in 1933.
In 1985, the Fuzhou oil paper umbrella have had significant improvement and advancement and were exported to Japan, Europe and South East Asia. Every umbrella has 72 sticks in the scaffold, opens wide and closes small giving it a snake appearance, thus also named the "Snake Umbrella".
In 1990, a government official 林愛枝 went to Seattle for an umbrella exhibition, and a red umbrella he showed provoked a great response in the audience. But Fuzhou umbrella shop closed down in 1997, the production is now low with a minor export to Japan. Despite local umbrella artisans have already being occupied with other jobs, they still petition the local government's assistance in the recovery of this art.
Production and materials[edit]
Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella materials are chosen strictly with high quality. The scaffold must be made from bamboos of the Northern Fujian province with good elasticity and endurance, and the bamboos must be at least five years old. A single umbrella must go through 83 procedures.
Traditional Fuzhou oil-paper umbrella art is divided into five sub portions including umbrella scaffold, umbrella installment, umbrella head, handle and painting. The mainstream art is the umbrella installment. There are also a few famous local umbrella painters including 程家寶, 林永欽 and 劉夢秋.
History and modifications[edit]
Oil-paper umbrella production in Tengchong, Yunnan, dates back to two-hundred years ago, or nine generations, also called the 紙撐子. It was rumoured that 鄭以公 who once met two umbrella artisans and learnt the skills from them brought the skills with him back to Tengchong, and passed it on to his descendants. In the past, oil paper umbrella spread across all markets in Tengchong. The local Hakka especially liked the oil-paper umbrellas. The village chief 鄭傳國 said that once 80% of the villagers knew how to make oil paper umbrellas, but now only four that are still making them. The current best production household is the 鄭家朝, who is picky about the material and techniques. Tung oil and persimmon water are made adhering to the traditional methods of production. The final umbrella is elegant and strong. The production rate is about one to two per day. 鄭映樓, who only makes big umbrellas likes to place big umbrellas in front of his shop to shed the sun and attract customers, therefore also named the "shed shop umbrella" (照舖傘). They only produce umbrellas when they have free time from farm works currently.
The oil-paper umbrellas produced in Tengchong are finely tuned, abundant with colors and beautiful outlook. They were once sold in other provinces of China. However, there have been a gradual decrease in production during the 1950s. The oil umbrella production now is only to pass on the skills to prevent the extinction of this handcraft locally.
Materials and production[edit]
The oil-paper umbrella uses special bamboos and wood translocated from 雲華 and 古永 as umbrella handle and scaffold. The umbrella surface uses skin bought from 界頭. Brushed with tung oil, named the green cloth (綠衣子). Procedures including slicing bamboo scaffold, stitching, surface skin, brushing persimmon water, collapsing the scaffold, drying the umbrella, painting, installing handle, brushing tung oil, adding cloths, stitching again. It averages out about two umbrella a day.
Oil paper umbrella in customs and cultural ceremonies[edit]
Hakka marriage and bride dowry[edit]
In traditional Hakka marriages, the bride's parents must pay dowry to the husband's family, in which oil paper umbrella is one of the required dowries. "紙" (Paper) is a homonym for "子" (sons) in Chinese, for the connotation of having sons early. The character "傘" (umbrella), contains five "人" (man) with the connotation of lots of sons and grandsons. Oil paper umbrella is straight up, with the symbol to eradicate evil spirits. The circular appearance symbolizes "fullness" connotation of a beautiful marriage. And since the umbrella itself can shield rain and wind, thus prohibiting evil spirits from entering in. Other dowries that come with the oil paper umbrella include five colored pants, make up table, door curtain and boxes. In wealthier families, dowries could include god and jewelry or high quality cloth or blankets. In addition, bride family would give vegetables that have homonym with positive words such as 芹菜、大蒜、香蔥、韭菜 that are then tied with red rope given as gifts to the husband's family. Oil paper umbrella as a dowry is still a custom in the Hakka family in Taiwan and some other countries in South East Asia.
Hakka second burial funerals[edit]
Since many of the Hakka populations are in the mountainous areas of China, most corpses are buried on the mountains. Initially, Hakka people do not put up a grave stone, however, after the second time the corpse is buried (usually 3–5 years later), the additional grander ceremony is added. When burying, usually in the eighth month on the Chinese calendar, an experienced burial master is hired to dig the old burial and inter the clean bones for an official and permanent burial at the exact spot. The oil-paper umbrella is used to cover the bones while they are being cleaned.
Engagement present of the Yao people[edit]
In the population of Yao located in Longhui County of Hunan, oil paper umbrella is used as an engagement present by the men side. When a consensus is built between the two families, the family of the man's side would hire an experienced man to propose a marriage in the woman's house. The first propose does not require any gift but only the permission of the parents of the bride. During the day of engagement, the man's side needs to bring an oil paper umbrella to the woman's house and place it on the scared table located in the house; the bride must take the umbrella from the table personally and close the umbrella that are stitched with 12 triangles. Then the experienced man must bring the oil paper umbrella back to the husband's house for the proof of a successful engagement. On the way back, the experienced man must not open the umbrella himself. If a divorce is made later, the husband must return the string on the stitch back to the bride.
Funerals of the Dai people[edit]
Dai people located in Yunnan use a special type of paper called "嘎拉沙" (Garasa) to make oil paper umbrella, which is brushed with sesame oil. The Dai believe that the umbrella could lead the dead to heaven. This type of umbrella is still available in a village today.
Hakka dance ceremony[edit]
"Umbrella Dance" is one of the traditional dances of the Hakka culture, during the ceremony, the dancer must be holding a paper umbrella and wearing blue shirt (traditional Hakka Clothing). Hakka Dance Ceremony is an important part of the Hakka Culture along with "tea leaf drama" and "mountain song".
Oil-paper umbrella in Taiwan[edit]
Oil-paper umbrella have been the cultural symbol of the Hakka in Meinong District of Kaoshiung. The production procedures are divided to five major portions. This include the umbrella scaffold, umbrella production, umbrella head, umbrella handle and art painting. With any one of the above been done, the umbrella could be called as a "full art" (Chinese:全藝).
History and modifications[edit]
Oil-paper umbrella production in Meinong initiation have two rumors.
- One was that it started during the Japanese conquest, during which, Lin (林阿貴) and Wu (吳振興) invited Chinese oil paper umbrella artisans to Taiwan for the purpose of passing the skills to the locals.
- The other was that oil-paper umbrella artisan Guo (郭玉琴) have arrived in Taiwan from Guandong province. Since then, he had permanently stayed in the Meinong district and spread the skills locally. Early Meinong oil paper umbrella factor were called "廣" (pronounced "Goung") for connotations of wealth, wide and progression. In 1960, oil paper umbrella, tobacco leaves and rice were Meinong district's major income sources. At that time, it was the renaissance of oil paper umbrella. It was estimated that there were at least twenty factories producing twenty thousand oil paper umbrellas annually. However, with the rapid industrialization in Taiwan, mechanically produced Western umbrellas have replaced them in attribute to low cost, longevity and portability. Taiwan has become the key country of Western umbrella production, and forced lots of traditional handmade oil-paper umbrella factories out of business.
In 1970, an English journal used the Goung (廣進勝) oil-paper umbrella pioneer, Lin (林享麟) and his umbrella as the magazine cover, along with detailed article of the culture and production of oil paper umbrella. BBC have also included a series of recording of the oil paper umbrella called the "Long Search". In addition, 1983, famous Hakka movie producer, Lin Fu-De (林福地), have incorporated the oil paper umbrella into his drama, Star Knows My Heart. When the drama was played in the Japanese television, Taiwanese oil paper umbrella gained impression in the Japanese, who have ordered a large quantity for imports. After 1980, with the increase of Taiwan overall financial status, Meinong's increased tourism, oil paper umbrella have recovered its utility in the daily life along with its value as a local culture and travel souvenir.
Production and materials[edit]
Meinong oil-paper umbrella scaffolds are made mainly from bamboo sticks, which are translocated from places such as Puli, Zhushan, Nantou County and the Qishan District of Kaoshiung. Especially the famous moso bamboo of the Qushan district. Moso bamboo is famous for its strength and elasticity. Thus the scaffold are mainly made of moso bamboo. Prior to production, moso bamboo are soaked in water to eliminate the sugar for a month. Then they are dried under the sun to prevent infection of bugs. After cutting and slicing, they become the fundamental scaffold of the umbrella, with additional modifications such as umbrella head, handle and hole drilling for stitching. After the scaffold production, wax are applied on to the surface as well as the sides. Then persimmon oil, sun bake, painting, handle installment, umbrella head fixed, stitched for a finalized oil paper umbrella.
Oil-paper umbrella in Japan[edit]
Oil-paper umbrellas are often known in Japanese as wagasa (和傘 or わがさ?), meaning "Japanese umbrella". The handle and scaffold are often colored black, however, sometimes other colors are applied as well. The surface paintings include traditional Japanese culture, gained popularity during the Edo period.
Oil-paper umbrellas spread though Korea to Japan during the Asuka period.[citation needed] Initially, the oil-paper umbrella was a sacred instrument in Buddhist ceremony. During the Heian period, techniques in paper production and bamboo work advanced. In the Muromachi period, pigments and wax were applied to the surface of the paper for additional resistance to water.
During the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Luzon Sukezaemon introduced an umbrella with a shield from the Philippines which contributed the popularity of the wagasa. During the Genroku era, modifications were made to enhance its utility to specific circumstances. Some monks and doctors used shorter and thicker umbrellas with business trademarks or logos on them, then lent them to customers as advertisement. Umbrellas also became the geisha's tool as well. In addition, some unemployed Edo period samurai crafted oil paper umbrellas as a secondary occupation. A famous example is the Ajima-kasa (阿島傘), made in Nagano Prefecture, which is still made there.
However, with the popularity of Western umbrellas in the Meiji period, oil-paper umbrellas have diminished markets today, with only a few locations producing it, such as Kyoto, Gifu Prefecture and Yodoe, Tottori Prefecture.
Tsujikura is the oldest shop of oil-paper umbrella in Japan.
A style of oil-paper umbrella in Kyoto is called kyōwagasa (京和傘?). Kyowagasa are completely handmade, colors and images are of Japanese features, materials are also strictly controlled. The handle and scaffold are made from bamboo of Kameoka, Kyoto; the umbrella skin is made from Meinong paper of Gifu. The surface of the umbrella skin is brushed with sesame oil and tied with fine strings. An experienced artisan usually produces ten to twenty kyowagasa a month. There is a style of umbrella which has concentric circles on the exterior side of the umbrella skin called the janomegasa (蛇の目傘?), which literally means "eye of a snake", due to its similarity in appearance.
Oil-paper umbrella production in Gifu started around 1750. Every oil-paper umbrella made in Gifu goes through over a hundred procedures. During the Shōwa period, the production in Gifu reached its peak at about fifteen million annually. Today, the production is only about a few tens of thousands per year.
Oil-paper umbrella production started in Yodoe, Tottori in 1821, by the Kurayoshiya (倉吉屋). During the Meji period, the production in Yodoe was only about a few thousand annually. However, due to the abundance and accessibility of bamboo and other raw materials, during the Taishō period, production by factories increased 71% and a net production of 17,000 Wagasa annually. Most areas in western Japan regularly used the Yodoe Wagasa.
Wagasa in Japanese culture[edit]
Other than its utility, oil-paper umbrellas appear quite often in Japanese culture, and are often associated with geisha, traditional dance, tea ceremony, and daily utility. Oil-paper umbrella shops in Gion have classified their customers into categories for different styles of oil-paper umbrella:
- Geisha use purple
- Dancers use pink
- Middle aged clients like green or red
- Men and elderly use dark blue
- Actors tend to pick black or brown
Different colors have different connotations and symbolism; in traditional weddings, brides are usually covered under a red oil-paper umbrella. Purple oil-paper umbrellas symbolize longevity and white oil-paper umbrellas are used in funerals.
Oil-paper umbrellas in Thailand[edit]
Oil-paper umbrella art in the Northern Thailand, or Chiang Mai dates back to around two hundred years. The umbrella scaffold is made from green bamboo sticks, the colors and images are abundant including pictures of scenery, animals, people and flowers. The umbrella surface has square ones in addition to the traditional circular ones. Oil paper umbrella in Thailand are of very unique features, which often attracts tourists to buy. Of the sever types, the most famous are the ones made in the Bo sang village. Most farmers produce oil paper umbrellas during the free time in specialized factories.
History and modifications[edit]
The rumours of the local people have guessed that the oil paper umbrella have been brought into Thailand by the Bamar. Long ago, a monk in Thailand named "Pra Inthaa" who practiced Buddhism in "Wat Bo Sang" temple and travelled a lot. One time as he approached near the Northern border of Burma and stayed there for a few days, the Thai people there accommodated him while his stay. During a time when Pra Inthaa ate his breakfast, a Bamar gave him an umbrella along with the prayer of the monk. The monk thought the umbrella was very convenient and was curious for how it was made, he decided to learn to make the umbrella. Thus he visited the village that was specialized in the production of umbrella located in Burma. Pra Inthaa recorded the detailed production procedures and brought it with him back to Wat Bo Sang temple.
After arriving back at Wat Bo Sang, Pra Inthaa was on a hunt for the needed materials to produce the umbrella, with some assistance of the villagers, they were able to make the first umbrella in Thailand. Initially, not many villagers were motivated to make umbrellas, however, once they found the convenience of it, many were attracted to mass-produce and buying it. Oil paper umbrella production became one of the major source of income for the Bo Sang village.
In 1941, Bo Sang villagers have cooperated and established the "Bo Sang Umbrella Making Cooperative Ltd.". The chief of the company is Jamroon Suthiwiwat. The company is specialized in making umbrella of different sizes such as 14, 16, 18, 20, 35, 40 inches and even bigger umbrella. In 1957, Governmental association "Center for Industrial Promotion for the North" have assisted the villagers and improved their production techniques.
Production and materials[edit]
The umbrella skin is made from the tree skin of Morus plant called "sa". Morus skin is cooked to soft, washed, smashed, washed and bleached. It is covered in cloth to increase the thickness. Then dried under the sun. Oil paper umbrella production are all handmade including slicing the bamboo stick, combining the umbrella scaffold, addition of the skin, painting and drying. Bo Sang umbrella use oil paint to paint and are all painted completely by hand.
Umbrella festival[edit]
The oil-paper umbrella festival takes place in Chiang Mai during the January or February of every year. It is one of the most popular festivals and attracts a lot of tourists. The festival mainly takes place in the streets of Bo Sang, every places in the village are decorated with oil paper umbrella. There are also competitions taking place between artisans and artists of the oil paper umbrella, prizes are awarded to the winners. Women from the Bo Sang village performs the bicycle show with the oil paper umbrella and are simultaneously competing for "Miss Bo Sang" of the year.
Karakasa in art[edit]
Aimé Morot, Nude with a Japanese Umbrella
Hiroshige, The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō, Rain Shower at Shōno
Hyakunin Isshu by Kuniyoshi. Jakuren and a companion strolling in a grove of yew trees
- ^ Logan, Christopher (1995). "Oil Paper Umbrellas--Beauties of Hakka Craftsmanship". Vision International Publishing Co. Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
The Hakka people of the historic town of Meinung fashion amazing umbrellas out of bamboo and paper. These umbrellas, which are lacquered and painted in colorful designs, actually work fine in the rain.
- ^ "Hiromi Paper International". hiromipaper.com.
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APASSIONATA: The Beginning - The beauty and grace of the horse is highlighted with choreographed music as dancing dressage horses and riders grace the arena at Freedom Hall. Exciting stunt riding will thrill the audience as well.
The eyes of the nation will be upon Louisville on the first Saturday in May, but the real Derby celebration begins in the weeks leading up to the big race. Use this guide to the multiple Derby-related events taking place in the coming days and plan your own "run for the roses."


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The Pueblo County School District's latest budget cut, eliminating several bus routes, has parents concerned about their children's safety.
The District 70 school board voted last month to eliminate six to eight bus routes to save about $300,000. The routes eliminated include those that fall within a one-mile radius of elementary schools and a 1.5-mile radius of middle schools.
"We have had to make cuts in years past and we have tried not to make these. It's something that I really did not want to have to do," said superintendent Ed Smith.
District 70 contracts with First Student for transportation. Smith said the savings mean the district will have fewer buses.
The news is concerning to grandfather William Horn. His six-year-old grandson, Dominic, takes the bus to North Mesa Elementary School. But the bus won't be stopping at his home anymore.
"I'll have to drive him because, like I said, I wouldn't walk this street myself during that time of day."
The road in front of Horn's home, Gale Road, is narrow and doesn't have a sidewalk. Horn said there's no way he'd let his grandson walk to school.
"I mean if there was curb and gutter and sidewalk where they could walk down this sidewalk, I'd say yeah."
Even though the speed limit on Gale Road is 20 mph when students are present, Horn said he's seen some drivers treat the road like a highway.
"They'll run over somebody here," Horn said. "There's a number of people that I've hollered at. I've seen them run past the school bus when it stopped right here."
The Pueblo County School District faces a $2.1 million shortfall. Smith said in addition to the $300,000 savings from transportation cuts, the district has cut $1.3 million in administration costs. The remaining $500,000 shortfall is expected to be made up with more students entering the district next year.
Smith added that he didn't want to eliminate bus routes but said it was a better option than cutting costs in the classroom. He hopes parents come together and carpool.
Concerned parents plan to meet with the school board next week. They are hopeful they can reach a compromise.
Elimination of several bus routes by Pueblo County School District leaves parents concerned
POSTED: 07:20 PM MDT Jun 18, 2014
UPDATED: 07:23 PM MDT Jun 18, 2014
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We have over 12,000 students, from over 100 countries, within one of the safest campuses in the UK
93% of Lancaster students go into work or further study within six months of graduating
Estimating vadose zone hydraulic properties usi...
2 MB, PDF-document
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article
Article number | W10512 |
Journal publication date | 10/2011 |
Journal | Water Resources Research |
Issue | 10 |
Volume | 47 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Original language | English |
A number of geophysical methods, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), have the potential to provide valuable information on hydrological properties in the unsaturated zone. In particular, the stochastic inversion of such data within a coupled geophysical-hydrological framework may allow for the effective estimation of vadose zone hydraulic parameters and their corresponding uncertainties. A critical issue in stochastic inversion is choosing prior parameter probability distributions from which potential model configurations are drawn and tested against observed data. A well chosen prior should reflect as honestly as possible the initial state of knowledge regarding the parameters and be neither overly specific nor too conservative. In a Bayesian context, combining the prior with available data yields a posterior state of knowledge about the parameters, which can then be used statistically for predictions and risk assessment. Here we investigate the influence of prior information regarding the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) parameters, which describe vadose zone hydraulic properties, on the stochastic inversion of crosshole GPR data collected under steady state, natural-loading conditions. We do this using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inversion approach, considering first noninformative uniform prior distributions and then more informative priors derived from soil property databases. For the informative priors, we further explore the effect of including information regarding parameter correlation. Analysis of both synthetic and field data indicates that the geophysical data alone contain valuable information regarding the VGM parameters. However, significantly better results are obtained when we combine these data with a realistic, informative prior.


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total posts: 7
Chocolate & Chili Stout Mexican Chocolate Cupcakes. Chocolate&Chili Stout, spiced up with chili powder and topped with jalapeno pretzels.
Vanilla Java Porter Peanut Butter Pie. A pie for Mikey, my Hubs, and all good men.
Carolina Clams in a Palmetto Brewing Co. IPA Cream Sauce. Charleston makes good beer. I make good clams.
Smoked Beer Mac n' Cheese. Macaroni and Cheese made a million times better with Rauchbier.
Dublin Lawyer: Lobster. Whiskey. Cream. The end.
French Onion Soup. Slicing the onions will make you cry but the added cognac and vermouth will wash the tears away!
Guinness chili: because what isn't Guinness good in?


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Chartering BVI? Stay far away from Conch Chrs
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If you pay good money for a service, regardless of whether is cash or credit card you should feel free to demand the service or your money back. They would have not kept my $1500.00 without a damn good explanation, dirty dishes wouldn't suffice!
Having said that, if a price sounds too good to be true..it usually is.
I have used the moorings, paid the premium and was never disappointed in their service.
Once we pulled into the bitter end, and one of the lazy jack lines had come undone. We no sooner tied off to the mooring ball, and a guy in a dinghy
( from the moorings) had spotted it from the shore and came out to fix it for us without us even asking. He climbed the mast re-attached the line and refused a tip.
I'm sure their are other great charter companies there but, my attitude is, why mess with success.
Sorry to hear of your troubles.
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Morgan, NJ
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Brazil, 1943. Three brothers set out into the feral center of the country seeking adventure. Armed with an insatiable curiosity, they befriend a village of Xingu Indians, and together they build an airstrip to bring modernity to this ancient place. But after a flu epidemic wipes out half the village, the brothers' naïveté turns into a decades-long fight to protect the Xingu from the disastrous side effects of progress.
2 min 41 sec
- Posted: April 06, 2012
- Director: Cao Hamburger
- Writer: Cao Hamburger
- Studio: Independent
- Release: April 6, 2012
- Cast: João Miguel, Felipe Camargo, Caio Blat
No music available


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FK Rudar Aleksinac
Football club, Serbia, Srpska Liga Istok
Download the vector logo of the FK Rudar Aleksinac brand designed by Anatol in Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format. The current status of the logo is active, which means the logo is currently in use.
- Designer:
- Anatol
- Contributor:
- unknown
- Vector format:
- eps
- Status:
- Active Report as obsolete
- Updated on:
- Fri, 01/22/2010 - 14:57


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Grand Princess Cruise Review by Ruth Whelan: A 'Grand' first cruise.
Ruth Whelan
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Member Rating
Compare Prices on Grand Princess Europe - Western Mediterranean Cruises
A 'Grand' first cruise.
Having never cruised before, we were concerned by the poor reviews we had read on Cruise Critic prior to our cruise. Comments about the shabby condition of the Grand Princes and an outbreak of norovirus in May, made us start to think that we had made an expensive mistake! However, we decided that we should go with an open mind and having nothing else to compare it to would probably be to our advantage.
We had free transport from South Wales to Southampton and when we arrived we joined a rather large queue of people waiting to embark. However, the queue went down pretty quickly and we were soon in our inside cabin on the ship. This was small but adequate for the amount of time we spent in it. My husband and I slept in two single beds and my daughter used one of the pull down beds. Our room was kept spotless by our steward and I particularly liked the towels made into swans to celebrate our anniversary. Staff were extremely helpful and eager to help from the moment the cruise More
started. This was to continue for the whole of the cruise and we were amazed at how hard everyone worked to provide excellent service at all times.
To begin with, we were a little in awe of how big the ship was but after a few days, we began to get more comfortable with finding our way around.
On our first morning we got together with our Cruise Critic friends in the Skywalkers nightclub. Great to put faces to names after months of chatting. The daily Princess Patter gave details of onboard activities of which there were many eg quizzes, bingo, dancing, pottery, lectures, etc. We did not take part in many of these, preferring to spend any spare time we had relaxing in the sun. This was a downside of the cruise- beds were very difficult to find unless you were prepared to sit there from 8 am. Many people put towels down on beds despite the rule that they would be taken off if left unoccupied for 30 minutes. Due to the busy port schedule, there wasn't much time to relax and when we did have two sea days on the way home, the weather wasn't good enough to sunbathe and so there were plenty of beds to choose from!!
The choice of food onboard was excellent. We chose to eat in the Da Vinci restaurant most evenings and for other meals we preferred the Horizon Court buffet which offered a huge variety of dishes to suit all tastes. The warm scones served at afternoon tea or in the Horizon Court were beautiful. We did not dine at Sabatini (extra charge required) but hear it was well worth the money. We enjoyed a pub lunch at the Painted Desert on the last sea day and wished we'd visited this more often on our cruise. I am slowly beginning to lose the 9lb I put on during my two week cruise!!
There were three formal nights on the cruise which enabled everyone to dress up and have photographs taken. We wanted to buy a number of these but were shocked by the price Princess were charging for them. I am sure they would sell far more if they reduced the price. Needless to say we did buy the photos as this was our first cruise. Don't think I'd do it next time though.
My daughter decided to visit the teen club on the very first evening to register. This turned out to be the best decision she made and we didn't see much of her for the rest of the cruise! Due to school holidays, there were a large number of children on the cruise and there were a lot of complaints from older people about behaviour. However, I can honestly say that we did not witness any. The only complaint we had was the overcrowded swimming pool and jucuzzis which were always occupied by young children.
'Movies under the Stars' was a great attraction in the evenings as well as the daytime but we preferred to see the shows at the Princess Theatre and Vista Lounge. Entertainers included Bernie Flint(Opp Knocks winner), Diane Cousins (Welsh comedienne/singer), Syd Little, David Copperfield,etc. We particularly enjoyed the Princess production shows and appreciated how hard they worked to provide some great entertainment. We also enjoyed listening to Paul Burton playing a selection of music from the shows.
On returning to Southampton, there was a well tuned method of disembarkation. Everyone was given a time to leave. Suitcases had been taken the night before so we only need to carry a small amount of hand lugguage. We did have a little difficulty locating our cases but were soon on the bus home to South Wales.
The Grand Princess is going into dry dock in April to receive a refit. I did not go down on my hands and knees to find worn carpet or rust and have very few complaints about my first ever cruise on this wonderful ship. I would not think twice about sailing on her again and indeed look forward to doing so in the future. However, ultimately it was not the ship that made our cruise so special but the wonderful people we met on our holiday. I would not have met these if I hadn't found them on Cruise Critic's Roll Call Forum. I will most certainly be booking another cruise soon and will definitely continue to use Cruise Critic to get valuable cruising advice. Less
Published 08/12/10
Read more Grand Princess cruise reviews >>
Read Cruise Critic's Grand Princess Review >>
Compare Prices on Grand Princess Europe - Western Mediterranean Cruises
Cabin review: IIA724
Could get quite noisy with young children running down corridors at times.
Port and Shore Excursions
Our last port was Gibraltar. The rock was shrouded in a mist when we arrived but visibility from the top was fine when we took a trip by minibus later in the day. Visited the caves and saw the Barbary Apes and their babies.
Compare Prices on Grand Princess Europe - Western Mediterranean Cruises
Norwegian Jaded
Venice to Genoa
Holland America, your slip is ...
Relaxing Cruise on the Grand P...
Roundtrip Vancouver to Hawaii ...
Awesome trip on the Grand Prin...
Relaxing Cruise on the Grand P...
Princess is slipping!
Great family cruise
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Blame It On Facebook
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Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Jan 2009
Location: Columbia, SC
Oddometer: 1,275
Day 7
Wednesday, June 6th
Total Mileage: ~230
Have I mentioned (whined about) my chain lately?
Today was the first day of the trip where the day didn't go exactly as planned. The original plan was to hit Mexican Hat, Natural Bridges, the Moki Dugway, and Monument Valley before ending the day in Page, Arizona. I was looking forward to it all, and missing those sights was going to be disappointing, but we made the decision to drive strait to Page. By this time we had been traveling for about a week without a break, and the Support Team needed a light day - and so did my chain. Knocking four hours off of the day made a lot of sense.
After looking at a map, I realized that we would be doing a lot of backtracking from where we had been the previous day (towards the 4-Corners Monument) and prepared ourselves for a boring day of traveling. We were pleasantly surprised.
We crossed back into Arizona on US 160 and enjoyed the rock formations along the way...
My wife... um, I mean Support Team Leader, didn't appreciate the fact that I wondered if this photo should be age restricted
I know that some of these are a little blurry, but remember, they were taken left-handed, upside down, flying along on a V-Strom. Weeeeee
Finally, we hung a right and started going north on Hwy 98.
A good portion of the road had just been paved, and it was sweet!. One minute you are rolling along, just enjoying the ride,
then you would round a corner and see something ultra-cool.
More mildly suggestive rock formations
Nearing Page
It wound up being a nice ride (when I managed to ignore that my bike felt like it was falling apart).
We got to the overpriced budget-brand hotel where we had reservations, and the desk clerk told us the hotel was at capacity and that we would have to wait until 2:00 to check in. We looked at our watches, did the math for mountain time, and looked at each other
thinking WTF, you are going to make us wait 35 minutes??? But we hadn't had lunch anyway, so we ran to the local billion-burger and were back in a half hour. The clerk recognized us when we came back. For a millisecond we perceived an odd look from her, but she checked us in, and on to the room we went.
When unpacking, one of us looked at the clock on the nightstand and a bell chimed. DOH! We had totally forgotten that Arizona doesn't recognize Daylight Saving Time. No wonder we got the weird look from the clerk. We were still an hour early.
After unpacking and unwinding for a while we decided to do a little exploring.
Once again we were surprised by some dam cool sights: The Glen Canyon and Glen Canyon Dam
A little known natural phenomenon: There are places with 90 degree gravity shifts in the area. As you can see in this example, here is a member of the support team walking on a dam wall:
From the Dam Visitor's Center (yes we got our passport stamped)
More Dam Pictures (ha, that joke never grows old)
The canyon below the dam (bet the trout fishing is good down there)
We ended up really enjoying the day. It was easy and slow-paced. We needed it.
Tomorrow: The Grand Canyon
guitarhack screwed with this post 07-25-2012 at
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Join Listal to create lists, share images, get recommendations and much more
Mingus at Antibes
Performed by
Website: Amazon
The fleet group that Charles Mingus brought to the Antibes jazz festival in 1960 was likely the most powerful group, pound-for-pound, that the bassist ever led. The front line was comprised of trumpeter Ted Curson, alto saxophonist Eric Dolphy, and, for this stint, tenor saxophonist Booker Ervin. Without a piano for most of this Antib
... (more)
Manufacturer: Atlantic / Wea
Release date: 25 October 1990 Number of discs: 1 EAN: 0075679053220 UPC: 075679053220 Join Listal to add your own lists, reviews,
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Manager Development Course(MDC) | |
Course Number | MDC 1-250- |
Mode | Distance Learning CD & Web |
Location | Civilian Human Resource Training Application System https://www.atrrs.army.mil/channels/chrtas/student/main.aspx |
Eligibility Requirements | Available to all Army employees as a self-development tool. It is highly recommended for all civilians in supervisory or managerial positions before attending CES courses. |
Purpose | Assists supervisors or managers basic skills for managing work and leading people. |
Description | The MDC includes modules in organizational culture; time management; objectives and plans; problem solving and decision making, planning, programming and budgeting; manpower management; communications; information technology applications; the Army Environmental Program; equal |
Application Process |
To enroll in this course, go to Civilian Human Resource Training Application System web-site
https://www.atrrs.army.mil/channels/chrtas/student/main.aspx. |


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After failing to make it to Nigeria for the Ice Prince album launch concert over the weekend, US rapper Wale arrived Nigeria on Tuesday afternoon for the Johnnie Walker Event happening this Saturday. Check photos courtesy Linda Ikeji
Wow, amazing blog layout! How long have you been running a blog for?
you make running a blog look easy. The whole glance of your website is great, as neatly as the content!


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go ahead... be a heretic | |
PerlMonks |
Re: (Golf) mobile phone numbers - wordsby Masem (Monsignor) |
on May 29, 2001 at 17:32 UTC ( #83918=note: print w/ replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
And as a starting solution, here's mine at 133 characters: Note that if %a was an array, it would only change a set of curly braces to square ones, and would not change the character count. update ok, this only handles the case of matching exactly one word from the dictionary; more work would be needed to find any word combo. Dr. Michael K. Neylon - email@example.com || "You've left the lens cap of your mind on again, Pinky" - The Brain
In Section


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Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
From: wendy free (wendypaigefree_at_TeacherArtExchange) Date: Tue Dec 27 2005 - 11:25:53 PST
hope everyone is enjoying the holidays! wanted to share some things i've been intrigued and inspired by - this came first: http://www.radioopensource.org/race-and-class-the-artists-take/
which led me to this: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3044865/site/newsweek/ (scroll down to "white in america"
and this artist: http://www.damaliayo.com/
i understand this can be a tougher "theme" to navigate for some but it is extremely important for us to consider. i'm lucky to teach in a racially diverse high school and am looking forward to engaging my students directly with these resources. am thinking of a composition that includes painted colors, text, and collage focused on personal feelings/experiences relating to race and skin color. anyone up for discussion?
:D wendy free
--- To unsubscribe go to http://www.getty.edu/education/teacherartexchange/unsubscribe.html


text:
For the first time, an MRI video has been taken of cracking knuckles, answering once and for all what makes the audible pop.
Magic Leap CEO says Microsoft's HoloLens headset may be unsafe, but he ultimately raises more questions about the potential risks of immersing ourselves in 3D worlds.
In Windows 10, Microsoft's browsers -- both IE and Spartan -- will get the tech Firefox uses to speed up Web-based games. And that's a challenge to Windows itself.
As more people rely on the Web for health information, the company's search results will now start to display greater details in response to your health-related queries.
This "Guardians of the Galaxy" tribute makes us long for a retro NES-style video game of Groot, Rocket, Star-Lord, Gamora and Drax in pixilated action.
Not content with just googling your child's symptoms? The Penguin Scope, seen at CES 2015, lets you check out Timmy's ear infection at 30 frames per second.
The contents of the bowels of an Italian medieval warlord have revealed his nefarious cause of death nearly 700 years later.
Commentary: The super popular Serial podcast has concluded its first season, but was there a conclusion? Crave's Eric Mack draws a few, including some you probably haven't heard. Warning: spoilers.
Facebook becomes a bit like Google with the ability to search people's posts. Also, Samsung's Gear VR goes on sale, and YouTube reveals the top videos of 2014.
Jack Gangwish says that as he was posing with a racccoon for a selfie, the animal bit him. He says he accidentally killed it with a crescent wrench.


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- Musician's Friend Best Selection, Price & Service. Guaranteed.
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On Tue, Apr 23, 2013 at 10:09 PM, Haitian Bell said:
It's great to see in yourself growth when it happens, some never get to thay point sis. I am so happy for you and wish you could share that story with other young girls who sre going through just what u explained. I know i'm late to the mix but i'm always on time. One love
On Wed, Oct 3, 2012 at 9:37 AM, ThreadBlessedLotus said:
On Mon, Aug 27, 2012 at 8:06 AM, feedmymind said:
black mamba, your comment im sure has moved mountains!!
On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 8:59 PM, Favyana Nurayea said:
I love this blog
On Wed, Jun 13, 2012 at 4:04 PM, AnnaMenace said:
Beautiful Mamba Noir
On Tue, Jun 12, 2012 at 12:39 PM, Illmaticalex said:
Great story, very emotional. God bless
Age Verification I am under 13 years of age. I am at least 13 years of age.


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Santa Clara University Ranks in the Top 3 Percent of U.S. Colleges for "Return on Investment," According to Data Company PayScale
Thursday, Mar. 27, 2014
A degree from Santa Clara University ranks as one of the best-returning college investments in the country, according to a new survey by PayScale, a compensation-data company based in Seattle.
Read More
Family of Arthur Hull Hayes, Santa Clara University's First Rhodes Scholar, Donates $1 Million to SCU's Honors Program
Friday, Jun. 25, 2010
The family of the late Arthur Hull Hayes Jr., Santa Clara University's first Rhodes Scholar and a former commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, has donated $1 million in Hayes' name to fund scholarships and support for the University Honors Program.
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Getting Their Bhangra On at the White House: Two Broncos Led a Punjabi Bhangra Dance Group to Give a "Once in a Lifetime" Performance
Wednesday, Dec. 16, 2009
Two SCU Broncos were part of history last month: Bringing the traditional Punjabi folk dance called Bhangra to the White House, on the occasion of the first state dinner given by President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.
Read More
Santa Clara University Grads Are Among the Highest Paid in the Country, a New Survey Says
Thursday, Jul. 23, 2009
Survey finds that Broncos with bachelor's degrees are in the top four percent of nearly 600 schools for starting and mid-career salaries.
Read More
New director of alumni relations appointed
Tuesday, Jul. 15, 2003
It's back to school for Kathy Kale, '86, marketing executive with the San Jose CyberRays
Read More
Santa Clara University's alumni director retires
Wednesday, Mar. 19, 2003
Santa Clara University's alumni director retires
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Santa Clara alumni join staff, faculty, and students to repair houses in East San Jose this weekend
Friday, Apr. 19, 2002
Santa Clara alumni join staff, faculty, and students to repair houses in East San Jose this weekend
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Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors Cheats For DS
You can unlock Previews by beating the game under a certain ending. These Previews guide you along the path you should take to get the True ending.
Code Effect Clear the game with the Safe ending. Preview A Clear the game with the True ending or the Coffin ending. Preview B Contributed by: Poltergust
Replay rooms you have already cleared
You can unlock the feature to re-solve a room's puzzles after completing the game. After completing the game once, this feature will be unlocked.
Code Effect Complete the game for the first time Memories of escape Contributed by: KoiNoDensetsu
Walkthroughs & FAQs
Type | Name | File Size |
FAQ/Walkthrough | FAQ/Walkthrough by The Lost Gamer | 48K |
Spoiler-Free Walkthrough | Spoiler-Free Walkthrough by lmwalking567 | 49K |
FAQ/Walkthrough | FAQ/Walkthrough by Drache the Dork | 36K |
Game Script | Game Script by NorseFTX | 1381K |
Other | Room/Ending Flowchart by Batguus | 114K |
Other | Sudoku Puzzle Solution by ShinyApple | 36K |
FAQ/Walkthrough | FAQ/Walkthrough by EvilNcr | 99K |
Other | Story Flowchart by Sataaa | 15K |
Spoiler-Free Walkthrough | Spoiler-Free Walkthrough by ArtifactMage | 27K |
Walkthrough | Walkthrough by threetimes | 17K |