text:
Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica |
Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 21, pp. 19797-19812 (2011)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (1478 KB)
The photo darkening (PD) absorption spectra from unseeded amplifier operation (by 915 nm pumping) of ytterbium / aluminum and co-doped silica fibers is after prolonged operation observed to develop a characteristic line at 2.6 eV (477 nm). This line is proposed to be due to inter center excitation transfer from type II oxygen deficiency centers ODC(II) to Tm3+ trace impurities. The ODC(II) is proposed to be the result of a displacive transition of a 4-fold silica ring hosting two 3-fold silicon units that presents two non-bridging oxygen to Yb3+ (as part of its 6-fold coordination by oxygen). The displacive transition is initiated by a charge disproportionation process which leads to NBO transfer in forming dioxasilirane (2-fold coordinated silicon with two NBO attached) next to silylene (2-fold coordinated silicon with a lone electron pair). In collaboration with a valence electron of Yb3+ a new ½ / 1½ chemical bond is formed on dioxasilirane which comprises the PD color center for the visible and near-infrared. Difference in solid acidity of the silica material co-doped with Yb/Al and Yb/P may explain the observed difference in spectral shapes by change of bond order to the formed chemical bond.
OCIS Codes
(060.2290) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber materials
(060.2320) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators
ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Original Manuscript: July 11, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 2, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 2, 2011
Published: September 26, 2011
Kent E. Mattsson, "Photo darkening of rare earth doped silica," Opt. Express 19, 19797-19812 (2011)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- J. J. Koponen, M. J. Söderlund, H. J. Hoffman, and S. K. T. Tammela, "Measuring photodarkening from single-mode ytterbium doped silica fibers," Opt. Express 14(24), 11539–11544 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jetschke, S. Unger, U. Röpke, and J. Kirchhof, "Photodarkening in Yb doped fibers: experimental evidence of equilibrium states depending on the pump power," Opt. Express 15(22), 14838–14843 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Jetschke, S. Unger, A. Schwuchow, M. Leich, and J. Kirchhof, "Efficient Yb laser fibers with low photodarkening by optimization of the core composition," Opt. Express 16(20), 15540–15545 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Yoo, C. Basu, A. J. Boyland, C. Sones, J. Nilsson, J. K. Sahu, and D. Payne, "Photodarkening in Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers induced by 488 nm irradiation," Opt. Lett. 32(12), 1626–1628 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Engholm and L. Norin, "Preventing photodarkening in ytterbium-doped high power fiber lasers; correlation to the UV-transparency of the core glass," Opt. Express 16(2), 1260–1268 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Jasapara, M. Andrejco, D. DiGiovanni, and R. Windeler, "Effect of heat and H2 gas on the photo-darkening of Yb+3 fibers," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2006), paper CTuQ5.
- L. Skuja, "Optically active oxygen-deficiency-related centers in amorphous silicon dioxide," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 239(1-3), 16–48 (1998). [CrossRef]
- D. L. Griscom, "Trapped-electron centers in pure and doped glassy silica: A review and synthesis," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357(8-9), 1945–1962 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. P. Partlow and A. J. Cohen, "Optical studies of biaxial Al-related color centers in smoky quartz," Am. Mineralogist 71, 589–598 (1986).
- F. Mady, M. Benabdesselam, and W. Blanc, "Thermoluminescence characterization of traps involved in the photodarkening of ytterbium-doped silica fibers," Opt. Lett. 35(21), 3541–3543 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. G. Carlson, K. E. Keister, P. D. Dragic, A. Croteau, and J. G. Eden, "Photoexcitation of Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers at 250 nm: evidence for excitation transfer from oxygen deficiency centers to Yb3+," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27(10), 2087–2094 (2010). [CrossRef]
- M. J. Söderlund, J. J. Montiel i Ponsoda, J. P. Koplow, and S. Honkanen, "Heat-induced darkening and spectral broadening in photodarkened ytterbium-doped fiber under thermal cycling," Opt. Express 17(12), 9940–9946 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. K. Sahu, S. Yoo, A. J. Boyland, C. Basu, M. P. Kalita, A. Webb, C. L. Sones, J. Nilsson, and D. N. Payne, "488 nm irradiation induced photodarkening study of Yb doped aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate fibers," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper JTuA27.
- Y. W. Lee, S. Sinha, M. J. F. Digonnet, R. L. Byer, and S. Jiang, "Measurement of high photodarkening resistance in heavily Yb3+-doped phosphate fibres," Electron. Lett. 44(1), 14–16 (2008). [CrossRef]
- M. Engholm, P. Jelger, F. Laurell, and L. Norin, "Improved photodarkening resistivity in ytterbium-doped fiber lasers by cerium codoping," Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1285–1287 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. E. Mattsson, "Low photo darkening single mode RMO fiber," Opt. Express 17(20), 17855–17861 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Bogumil, J. Orphal, and J. P. Burrows, "Temperature dependent absorption cross sections of O3, NO2, and other atmospheric trace gases measured with the SCIAMACHY spectrometer," Proceeding Envisat Symposium Goteborg, Sweden (2000), http://earth.esa.int/pub/ESA DOC/gothenburg/099bog
- B. Schaudel, P. Goldner, M. Prassas, and F. Auzel, "Cooperative luminescence as a probe of clustering in Yb3+ doped glasses," J. Alloy. Comp. 300–301(1-2), 443–449 (2000). [CrossRef]
- S. Jetschke, S. Unger, A. Schwuchow, M. Leich, V. Reichel, and J. Kirchhof, "Photodarkening in Yb-doped silica fibers: influence of the atmosphere during perform collapsing," Proc. SPIE 6873, 68731G, 68731G-10 (2008). [CrossRef]
- L. Skuja, "Direct singlet-to-triplet optical absorption and luminescence excitation band of the twofold-coordinated silicon center in oxygen-deficient glassy SiO2," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 167(3), 229–238 (1994). [CrossRef]
- J. T. Fournier and R. H. Bartram, "Inhomogeneous broadening of the optical spectra of Yb3+ in phosphate glass," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 31(12), 2615–2624 (1970). [CrossRef]
- L. Pauling, "The nature of silicon-oxygen bonds," Am. Mineral. 65, 321–323 (1980).
- V. O. Sokolov and V. B. Sulimov, "Threefold coordinated oxygen atom in silica glass," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 217(2-3), 167–172 (1997). [CrossRef]
- S. Jetschke, M. Leich, S. Unger, A. Schwuchow, and J. Kirchhof, "Influence of Tm- or Er-codoping on the photodarkening kinetics in Yb fibers," Opt. Express 19(15), 14473–14478 (2011). [CrossRef]
- R. Peretti, A.-M. Jurdyc, B. Jacquier, C. Gonnet, A. Pastouret, E. Burov, and O. Cavani, "How do traces of thulium explain photodarkening in Yb doped fibers?" Opt. Express 18(19), 20455–20460 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. C. Snyder and W. B. Fowler, "Oxygen vacancy in α -quartz: a possible bi- and metastable defect," Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter 48(18), 13238–13243 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. L. Galeener, "Planar rings in vitreous silica," J. Non-Cryst. Solids 49(1-3), 53–62 (1982). [CrossRef]
- L. Giordano, P. V. Sushko, G. Pacchioni, and A. L. Shluger, "Electron trapping at point defects on hydroxylated silica surfaces," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(13), 136801 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Awazu and H. Kawazoe, "O2 molecules dissolved in synthetic silica glasses and their photochemical reactions induced by ArF excimer laser radiation," J. Appl. Phys. 68(7), 3584–3591 (1990). [CrossRef]
- C. M. Carbonaro, P. C. Ricci, and A. Anedda, "Thermal quenching properties of ultraviolet emitting centers in mesoporous silica," Phys. Rev. B 76(12), 125431 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. A. Radtsig and I. N. Senchenya, "Hydrogenation of the silanone groups (≡Si-O)2Si=O. Experimental and quantum-chemical studies," Russ. Chem. Bull. 45(8), 1849–1856 (1996). [CrossRef]
- P. H. Krupenie, "The spectrum of molecular oxygen," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1(2), 423–534 (1972). [CrossRef]
- J. Rolfe, F. R. Lipsett, and W. J. King, "Optical absorption and fluorescence of oxygen in alkali halide crystals," Phys. Rev. 123(2), 447–454 (1961). [CrossRef]
- R. D. Harcourt, "Pauling "3-electron bonds," "increased-valence," and 6-electron 4-center bonding," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 102(16), 5195–5201 (1980). [CrossRef]
- G. Busca, "The surface acidity of solid oxides and its characterization by IR spectroscopic methods. An attempt at systematization," Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1(5), 723–736 (1999). [CrossRef]
- B. Morasse, S. Chatigny, E. Gagnon, C. Hovington, J.-P Martin, and J.-P. de Sandro, "Low photodarkening single cladding ytterbium fibre amplifier," Proc. SPIE, 6453, 6453OH (2007)
- K. Arai, H. Namikawa, K. Kumata, T. Honda, T. Ishii, and T. Handa, "Aluminum or phosphorus co-doping effects on the fluorescence and structural properties of neodymium-doped silica glass," J. Appl. Phys. 59(10), 3430–3436 (1986). [CrossRef]
- A. Saitoh, S. Matsuishi, M. Oto, T. Miura, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, "Elucidation of coordination structure around Ce3+ in doped SiO2 glasses using pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance: effect of phosphorus, boron, and phosphorus-boron codoping," Phys. Rev. B 72(21), 212101 (2005). [CrossRef]
- W. J. Miniscalco, "Erbium-doped glasses for fiber amplifiers for 1500 nm," J. Lightwave Technol. 9(2), 234–250 (1991). [CrossRef]
Cited By |
Alert me when this paper is cited |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


text:
Where the Middle East meets East Asia: an economic analysis
The United Nations classifies much of the Middle East, including the Gulf states, as Western Asia. That places this aggregated region very much at the bridging point between two distinct but fairly well identifiable worlds.
There is even a reasonably clear idea of a progression, in terms of global economic leadership, from the slowing, developed countries of the West, towards the speedier, developing powerhouses of the East, especially China and India.
To complement those sweeping generalizations, it might be said also that marketing the Gulf internationally very often involves citing its position at the crossroads of the globe. And that doesn't seem out of order, either geographically or as regards the patterns of trade and investment.
In particular, with its time-honoured entrepot status, and ambitious commercialism, Dubai can lay just claim to that notion. Advancing the same spirit, its new airport boldly carries the epithet of World Central.
For some time now it has been a rousing theme that West Asia and East Asia should get together to capitalize on a new chapter in the evolution of the world economy, leaving the older world to provide dependable but nevertheless dwindling levels of business. The 21st century would be essentially Asian on the economic front; perhaps politically too.
Yet, while Japan is currently giving ample reminder of its fading glory, racked by its debt-laden and demographic concerns (choosing lately to prime the pump of stimulus once again), the twinned supernovas of China and India have also dimmed somewhat. Notably, the Indian rupee hit a record low against the US dollar last week.
In both cases the core issue appears to be inherent failings in the pursuit of semi-capitalist strategies. The political powers that be are either too dirigiste or bureaucratic, or both. Opening up to the free market has been a process fraught with teething difficulties, besides the political resistance only to be expected. Command, control and reportedly no little corruption hold a certain sway.
China's steps forward, despite the promise of rising from a low base with a very large population, have inevitably been gradual. Notwithstanding published growth rates of 8-10 per cent, inured structural restraints or biases remain in place. For example, over-investment relative to consumption is entrenched, following the mercantilist mentality of wanting to win the war of global trade, so as to reap the rewards of net earnings and ever-increasing purchasing power over the rest of the world.
Apart from engendering the global payments imbalances that some say were at the heart of the global financial crisis, such strategies have stored up trouble at home. Only in the past week or so, the Chinese authorities have applied a squeeze to the banking system and shadow entities that threaten another calamitous credit crunch in the wake of years of easy money.
China has essentially pursued a momentum model of economics, politically-guided, rather than one that is firmly-rooted in sound finance and market structures. In that sense, it may turn out to be merely a latecomer -- albeit grabbing the limelight and impressively capacious -- to the same, excessively liquid global party.
In research published this month, Naser Al Tamimi, Middle East analyst for European research institute ISPI, observed the bigger, tectonic transition in some depth.
Among a succession of awe-inspiring numbers, he mentioned that China is projected to overtake the US as the largest economy in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms by 2017, and that GCC-Asia trade has surged in recent years, from $480 billion in 2008 to $814 billion in 2012.
"The geopolitical landscape has changed," he wrote, "refocusing the GCC's attention eastward. Officials have increasingly seen the writing on China's Great Wall." Even so, "significant challenges" remain, not least as to a certain protectionism inhibiting free-trade agreements, and the competition to Gulf exports likely from the US.
Renowned economist George Magnus is another sceptical voice, echoing Paul Krugman of nearly twenty years ago. China's extraordinary mobilization of resources cannot continue in the same way, he argued in a paper for the Centre for European Reform earlier this year. Its slowdown is partly cyclical; but some of it structural too. While admittedly "the re-orientation of business and commerce from the Atlantic to the Pacific will continue, we should not fall for the economic hyperbole. Past economic performance is no guide to the future."
So, upon reading last week that China is stepping boldly into the Dubai real estate market, we might wonder if it's truly the dawn of a new age of productive co-mingling, or another twist to an old story. After all, booming property has not been the greatest advert for sustainable economic development anywhere on the planet.
Simply, we just don't live in remotely reliable circumstances these days, let alone looking ahead to the rest of the century. Instead, as the Chinese themselves have been known to say, we live in interesting times.
Top Headlines
- Calculating the true cost of regional strife
- Just BS? Why Israel's anti-BDS law can't really stop BDS internationally
- Malnourished economy: global hunger leading to $2 trillion loss in world GDP
- Going green: UAE looks to save Dh6.98b a year by 2030 with renewable energy
- Diversify and dump the slump in the GCC

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The selection of experienced centrists – Hillary Rodham Clinton, Robert Gates and James L. Jones – to head President-elect Barack Obama's national security team points to the possibility that on Iraq, the incoming commander in chief may take a more measured path to ending U.S. military involvement than he described during the campaign.
SACRAMENTO – A day after declaring a fiscal crisis in California, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger will be in Philadelphia today to deliver a face-to-face plea to President-elect Barack Obama for more public-works money to help break the recession's grip on states.
The U.S. economy officially sank into a recession last December, which means that the downturn is already longer than the average for all recessions since World War II, according to a panel that determines the nation's business cycles.
MUMBAI, India – In a new sign of rising tensions between two nuclear-armed neighbors, Indian officials summoned Pakistan's ambassador yesterday evening and told him that Pakistani nationals were responsible for last week's terrorist attacks and that they must be punished.
CHICAGO – Almost one in five young American adults has a personality disorder that interferes with everyday life and even more abuse alcohol or drugs, researchers reported yesterday in the most extensive study of its kind.


text:
Managing Editor
You are here
Coming Up
Kaiser Permanente Bolt to the Q
Sun., Jul. 19, 2015 7:30 AM PDT
Chargers Blood Drive XXXVII
Tue., Nov. 24, 2015 10:00 AM PST
Chargers Could Be Down to Just Three Receivers
Recent Articles
Recent Videos
Featured Gallery
With Eddie Royal already missing practice with a hamstring injury of his own, Danario Alexander and Seyi Ajirotutu were the only other active receivers to take part in today's session. The team will announce their injury report Wednesday afternoon, and a clearer picture will take form on whether or not Meachem or Royal may be able to suit up.
But should they not be able to, Floyd is confident that Alexander and Ajirotutu can slide right in and produce. His sureness stems from his confidence in Philip Rivers, and how his quarterback has responded in the past to similar circumstances.
"Philip has been in this situation before and he has done well," said Floyd. "All it is really is execution. We have to be there for each other, and as long as that happens I think we'll be in a good position. I have faith that (Alexander and Ajirotutu) can step in and help this team out no matter the situations we're in."
In fact, Floyd is so confident in Alexander and Ajirotutu's abilities that he doesn't feel any extra pressure to perform well.
"I just have to keep doing what I'm doing," he said. "I just have to be there for my QB the best that I can. If I start with the attitude that I'm going to do everything I can do to play to win, everything should fall into place. And I'll have that attitude regardless of who is playing."
For Alexander, who signed with the club on October 22, having an extra week to study the playbook has helped him exponentially in his preparation for Thursday night's contest.
"Having the week has really helped out a lot," he said. "I'm feeling really comfortable now. I mean, I felt like I could have contributed more last week if the situation arose, but now I feel even more so. Going through the whole playbook again and seeing it twice gave me a good feeling. And what I've been able to do on the practice field the past few days has me feeling really comfortable in this offense right now."
Meanwhile, Ajirotutu has been thrown right into the fire after re-signing with the club yesterday. But his familiarity with the players and the system from his time here as a rookie in 2010 has him feeling every bit as comfortable as Alexander.
"I had a really good practice today," said Ajirotutu. "For my first practice, I had a lot of reps, which is good. I feel a little winded, but I did well. I know the plays and I know what I'm doing, so now it's just time to execute and time to get comfortable. But my rapport with Philip is still there, which is an important thing. We still have the same chemistry where he knows where I'm going to be. I know he will put the ball there for me so I need to make sure I just catch everything thrown my way. And with Eddie being out and then depending on what Meachem' story is, I feel a big sense of urgency, now more than ever."
Hopefully, either Royal or Meachem, or even both, can suit up Thursday night. But if not, the Chargers sound confident that they can plug in Alexander and Ajirotutu and still get strong production from their wide receivers.
Quick Hits
*Thursday night's game is the team's Annual Food Drive. Click here for more information.
*The match is also the Chargers' annual Salute to Service game.
Chargers Business
© 2015 Chargers. All rights reserved. Do not duplicate in any form without permission of the Chargers.


text:
Cosmic Interplay: Light and Darkness features the mixed media work of artist Don Shaw and the stainless steel sculpture of artist John Ellis. Shaw's work is strongly influenced by astronomy as he masterfully uses patinas and a technique of embossing copperplate to create the illusion of outer space. "A true work of art is an infinite resource," says Shaw. "If you look, it will give forever." Shaw studied at the Museum School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and has taught and lectured at countless colleges and universities including Harvard, the University of Houston, Southern Arkansas University and Rice University. His work has been exhibited at museums both at home and abroad. Closer to home, Don has been a visiting artist for the South Arkansas Arts Center's AEGIS Middle School Project in El Dorado. He also has experience working with "at-risk" students and has traveled in Arkansas as a visiting artist and lecturer in Batesville, Conway, El Dorado, Hope, Magnolia, Southside, Texarkana, Pine Bluff, Sheridan, and Watson Chapel public schools K-12 and colleges/universities.
Ellis's own ingenuity and the guidance of mentors has led him down his artistic path with a chosen medium, stainless steel, that allows the artist to slowly process and express his point of view. This process, which he likens to meditation, combines his thoughts, feelings and skills into a concrete form of self expression. "The main influence in my life and my art is the work of Carl Jung," says Ellis. "Because of his writing and the writing of his followers I have been able to find ways to look at myself in light and in darkness." Although his works are modern in appearance and materials, the shapes and symbols he draws on are ancient.


text:
Jenzer Motorsport's Ralph Boschung quickest in Portugal
Matt Parry will move to GP3 with Koiranen GP in 2015, joining Jimmy Eriksson and Adderly Fong at the Finnish squad.
Dean Stoneman is the only driver who can mathematically prevent Alex Lynn from becoming the fifth GP3 champion.
Koiranen GP's Dean Stoneman claims fourth victory of the season
Koiranen GP's Jimmy Eriksson holds off Dino Zamparelli for victory.
Koiranen GP's Jimmy Eriksson fastest in GP3 qualifying in Italy.
Carlin continues to head the Teams' Standings.
Trident's Luca Ghiotto storms to first pole position in debut GP3 weekend
The summer break is officially over and the Series is ready to rock and roll for the final four events of the 2014 GP3 season.
Arden International's Jann Mardenborough victorious in Germany Race 2
ART Grand Prix's Marvin Kirchhöfer fastest in qualifying on home soil
The forecast for Hockenheim is for very warm temperatures with a chance of rain on Sunday just to add some spice into the mix.


text:
June 28, 2007 CBS REVEALS THE IDENTITIES OF THE 14 NEW HOUSEGUESTS COMPETING IN "BIG BROTHER 8" Eighth Installment Premieres Thursday, July 5th Julie Chen Returns As Host All New "Big Brother 8" Creative Twist Revealed New Interactive Twist That Will Give Viewers The Most Control They've Ever Had In The Big Brother House Revealed CBS announced today the identities of the 14 Houseguests who will compete in BIG BROTHER 8, as well as the new creative twist that will play out during the summer broadcasts. As always, BIG BROTHER Houseguests should expect the unexpected. This season's twist will shock and most likely change the way some houseguests would have played the game had certain people not walked through the door. On premiere night, Thursday, July 5 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT), Houseguests will learn that some of them will be sharing the house with an enemy, a rival or someone with whom they have unfinished business -- in short, someone from their past who they had hoped never to see again or someone with whom there is an extreme amount of tension. In addition to the surprise twist of an unwelcome person from their past, the premiere episode will reveal a new interactive element that will give viewers the most control they've ever had over someone in the BIG BROTHER house. For the first time… America is in the house. One participant has been selected to be "America 's Player." At the conclusion of every episode, beginning Sunday, July 8 (8:00-9:00 ET/PT), a question will be asked of viewers where they will vote on an important assignment that "America 's Player" must complete. It could be a strategic move or a personal action. They must attempt to do what viewers request, including voting out a specific Houseguest. And, they can never tell anyone in the house that they are working on behalf of the viewers. But, they need to be careful…just like their fellow Houseguests, they can be voted out at any time. If "America's Player" successfully accomplishes these assignments, they will be financially rewarded. Viewers will be able to vote on cbs.com or via text messaging on a mobile phone and will choose from multiple choice answers on each question. The prevailing vote must be completed by "America's Player" in order for him or her to be rewarded. BIG BROTHER follows a group of people living together in a house outfitted with dozens of cameras and microphones recording their every move 24 hours a day. One by one, the Houseguests will vote each other out of the house. At the end of three months, the last remaining Houseguest will receive the grand prize of $500,000. BIG BROTHER 8 debuts Thursday, July 5 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network. Following the premiere, BIG BROTHER 8 will be broadcast three nights weekly, on Sundays (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT), Tuesdays (9:00-10:00 PM, ET/PT) and the live eviction show, hosted by Julie Chen, on Thursdays (8:00-9:00 PM live ET/delayed PT). Following are the 14 Houseguests, listed in alphabetical order, who will compete in BIG BROTHER 8: AMBER, 27 Las Vegas Separated Cocktail Waitress CAROL, 21 Lawrence, Kan. Single Student DANIELE, 20 Huntington Beach, Calif. Single Waitress DICK, 44 Los Angeles Single Bar Manager DUSTIN, 22 Chicago Single Shoe Salesman ERIC, 27 New York Single Talent Management Assistant JAMEKA, 28 Waldorf, Md. Single School Counselor JEN, 23 Beverly Hills, Calif. Single Nanny JESSICA, 21 Haysville, Kan. Single College Student JOE, 23 Chicago Single Receptionist KAIL, 37 (Female) McKenzie Bridge, Ore. Married Business Owner MIKE, 26 Three Lakes, Wis. Single Painting Contractor NICK, 25 Kimball, Minn. Single Former Pro Football Player ZACH, 30 Burbank, Calif. Single Graphic Designer BIG BROTHER 8 is executive produced by Emmy Award winner Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan, in association with Endemol U.S.A.Grodner appraises some contestants for GlobalTV :
Joe: "He is terrifically funny and very, very bright. He is a good gameplayer because he is a student of the show. He is incredibly manipulative." Jemeka: "She has been very isolated, actually. She is from a part of Maryland where she has not been exposed to white people. She really hasn't had any white friends and now she is in a house full of white people. It should be interesting. She is funny and gutsy. She will be really fun to watch." Nick: "Nick is the hunk of the house for sure. He is a former football player and walks around with his shirt off all the time. I am watching him on the live feeds right now. Wow! The girls are sure to enjoy him. He is not your typical California or Florida dude. He is from Minnesota so he has an accent like y'all do up there. It is adorable." Kail: "We have a mom who is a business owner from a small town in Oregon. Her values are definitely more conservative than a lot of the people who usually go into the 'Big Brother' house." Dick: "Dick is a rocker dad. He was a stand-in for Keith Richards in the last 'Pirates' movie. He's got lots of tats and piercings. You are going to think that Tommy Lee just walked into the house. That will be a shock for the HouseGuests."Find photos and "favorites" of all of the 14 contestants here. 8 p.m. Thursday & Sunday. 9 p.m. Tuesday. CBS. Midnight (ET) / 9 p.m. (PT). Nightly. Showtime Too.
I don't really feel like getting into it again, BigE, why I love it so much, since I've done it so many times and people still blow me off, but I consider this to be pretty close to what "reality television" was intended to be. It's on 3 nights a week, so very little can be manipulated (I know one of the editors, so I can tell you that at least his segments are not fabricated drama). It also puts people into a situation where they can only, truly be themselves. Even if they start with an act, it's gone three weeks into the show because they have nowhere to go and nowhere to hide 24/7. This show is about the human condition, and tends to get better each year.
British BB is on every freakin' night! And it's dull as shit. But I'm growing less and less fond of reality TV as I get older.
Like a total dipshit!
They used to have a wide range of people. Different ages, all differnt walks of life. Now it's all struggling actors wanting to get on tv that our all single and atrractive.
well. hello.
Thank god the weather is good when they air the really unwatchable shows. Enjoy, I'll be outside on a lawn chair reading.
they should air this year-round.
it's certain to keep me away!
half-naked? all summer? why is this show so popular? I can't believe CBS is interrupting the steady stream of CSI repeats for this!
I hope he gets voted off first. Tattooed ingrate.
Carol needs to offer herself up for birthday dessert. My bithday dessert. Mine.
What a maroon!
It would suck if they delayed it until midnight on the West Coast, where the show originates
There are two Showtime Too feeds, but my cable system carries both. Perhaps yours does also.
Ban Browcoatjedi. He is trolling. This violates AICN rules. Do it now!
Did Midwestern morals thwart their steamy leotard love affair?
Every season is different. You think you could let the first fucking episode air before passing judgment?
The weakest part of this site is its failure to crack down and ban useless nerds who critique projects they've barely (or never) watched.
Each year the producers get a little better at shaking the box, and each year the show gets a better. Evil Dr. Will's "I hate you all" speech last year was fucking genius.
Finally, something to watch on TV!
Apparently DirecTV only carries the East Coast feed of Showtime Too, so there's no delay there either--no matter which time zone you're in.
...should also be banned. S/he is attacking those who apparently do not have a way to reply themselves, being as how they are seemingly being deleted en mass for so much as articulating a negative opinion on the TalkBack subject. Quite frankly, I would think that anyone watching this show would be an angry virgin, being as how those capable of getting laid wouldn't need to live vicariously through something as cheaply produced as a Reality TV show where everybody with a headshot and a summer acting class under their belt is attempting to capture their 15 minutes of fame. Nothing more or less. Television used to be about creating great characters and stories and expanding on the concepts and vision of that show. Oh, and one last thing. Stating a negative opinion is NOT trolling. If that were the case, they should discontinue the TalkBacks as a whole as well as censor any negative review. Let's start with Vern's "Transformers" review and work backwards. I am also curious why stating a negative opinion without seeing an episode of Big Brother is verboten, yet we can slag on Flash Gordon without so much as 60 seconds having been seen all day long without being accused of trolling or having the messages removed. At this rate, I suppose Harry is lucky to have been the owner of the site, otherwise he may have been deleted for the article he posted about On The Lot.
i subscribe to showtime, and this is a new low even for them
Talkbacks about Sex & The City and Big Brother? Okay, I understand that now, that Transformers is in theatres, there is not much left to talk about, but come on!!!!
we get BB inflicted on us in some form for sodding hours every night on multiple channels and you only have to deal with it three noghts a week. Pah, I'm jealous.
dire absolutely dire. In fact it is so bad. They are all leaving the house. They are all like rats deserting a sinking ship.
are the anti-chirst. in a cynically tired and desperate attempt to pull in the viewers, they announced that they were going to have a competition to find a suitable kidney donor for three "people" and that one of those "people" would get a brand new kidney if the company found a suitable donor 30,000 to match. this they said was to raise awareness for the lack of govt action in the netherlands over state back kidney dontations. The tv station owned by endermol, was forced to reveal the whole thing was a hoax and that the "people" who would get the kidney were all actors. How low can you get....
1 of them walked. 1 of them requested to walk and didn't and one of them left because his gran died. It is shit though.
The kidney thing wasn't as bad as youare making out- it was a stunt to raise awareness of lack of transplants. big Brother is worse-
I guess I don't agree with you - I find the show boring and the people in it pathetic, but I appreciate you responding to my post BEFORE IT GOT PULLED! FOR WHAT REASON? What's with the censorship today? Could someone please explain? I posted first last night and it's gone! That's why Lenny's first post is responding to me.
Strictly speaking, Americans will be getting BB nightly now as well, or at least Showtime subscribers will.
At least some goldfish or something? I remember that last year everybody knew which all-stars got into the house because of voices that could be heard.
I assume the early word on who got into the house last year is WHY we still don't have goldfish or a fireplace or anything yet.
best reality show by FAR.
Watching people war for money on those feeds is just a fascinating window on the human condition. I wonder how many university psychology theses have been built upon the show at this point. 100? 1,000? 10,000?

BB is now the reason I look forward to July 4.
Their estrangement may or may not have something to with Daniele's mom. With the mom out of the mix for three months, the relationship could evolve into a tight bond.

Or not. And that's why this makes for great TV.
Best reality-show contestant EVER.
is you can record it. The Internet feeds are great, but you're sort of a slave to the houseguests' schedule, and you can miss amazing stuff that's now gone forever.

The night Will and Erika were bunkered down in the HoH room while Danielle kept up with the psychotic doorbell ringing was way fucking scarier in the feeds than it was on the broadcast, just because CBS couldn't devote airtime to the whole fucked-up event.

 There are so many Showtime and Movie Channels now, I wonder how much subscribers would mind if Showtime Too just went 24/7 BB. (Though I guess RealNetworks would not be down with that idea.)
I had the same thought about Joe/Dustin. Could everybody in the house gets his own enemy?

 People who don't apply for the show but find themselves being recruited for it surely have to know they're connected to another contestant.
The Internet feeds are more interactive, as the quadcam system gives you a choice (usually) of which players you want to follow.

 It would actually be cool, though, if Showtime tried to follow players who were NOT on the Internet feeds at that moment. (Not that that will happen.)
I remember Chicken George, and Jack the FBI guy, but neither was really what you'd call geezerly. BB has always skewed toward 20-30somethings. Survivor has seen a more dramatic age-shift; its oldest contestants seem to be getting younger every year.
It's OK 'cause Bush wants to kick Dick in the nuts!
puts on every shitty British or Australian dating show. A foreign edition of BB always seemed conspicous by its omission.

It's probably in CBS's contract with Endermol that no other channel or network can offer BB in the US.
The one dumbass show I miss.
No Jimbo. Oh, and I ain't shellin' out the $13.99 a month for Showtime either.
No freedom of speech?
But "Weeds" is back for a month.
That first season was great. Too bad 9/11 disrupted Season Two and Celebrity Mole was dreck. The terrorists truly have won.
Anderson Cooper Mole, that is, not Ahmad Rashad Mole. Rashad seemed to think he was Bill Cosby because he smoked a cigar.

 The show I really miss though is Project Greenlight.
No tits. No sex. No watching them bathe. No swearing., Etc. etc. etc.
 Who wants to watch people do things that the American censors would allow? Who acts like that in real life?
 Maybe Big Brother would make sense in America if they had a family of hardcore southern Methodist instead of trying to pass off hip, pretty young people... At least then we'd know why we're not seeing any of the more interesting activities.
 Big Brother without sex is just hanging out at your cousin's house watching him beat your sister at Boggle.
Jemeka: "She has been very isolated, actually. She is from a part of Maryland where she has not been exposed to white people. She really hasn't had any white friends and now she is in a house full of white people. It should be interesting. She is funny and gutsy. She will be really fun to watch."

 DAVE CHAPPELLE WAS RIGHT, MOTHERFUCKERS!!!
Why no Celebrity version. Britain's had five or something but they never got around to it here.
He's worse than Bunky, Will, etc. Total flamer in the house. Why do they always have to be the total sterotype? Just like the older women who stated that if one of her kids "Chose" to be gay she'd be very disapointed.
the live feeds and the showtime footage should start at the same time.
how racist, not having any white friends. You've gotta try hard, like live in Compton, to not know any crackas.
...that MySpace page can't be Dick's, because it lists his last log in as yesterday, 7/5/07.
what gives w/ that?
this is why I despise big brother. Reality Tv is done, over, let it go...
...and less phony looking twenty-somethings, this might actually be worth watching.
Of course, anyone who watched the DOCTOR WHO episode "Bad Wolf" already knows this.
blame Peter Bazaelgette. He ruined british tv in the 1990's, by blasting tv schedules with DIY Shows and gardening programs. They were popular for a while. Bazalgette blased a trail of tv destruction ever since. He now, quelle suprise now works for Endemol and Was one of the commission editors on C4 who embraced big brother.
Yes! I am so lame that I have been wishing for something to see on TV, cause nothing good's on now, and yes! BB, I watched the first few episodes and they were awful. Last summer I tuned in out of boredom...and was hooked.
 This seems to be very trashy. Trashy in a fun way. This show tends to be reprensible, but very entertaining. I hated all the all stars except Nakomis, and loved the season. And this one looks equally guilty pleasurable!
I think the funniest thing ever is he identifies himself on his MySpace page as a "bodybuilder".
Everything else I've posted in this fucking tb has been deleted by some fat geeky fuck I assume. This is simply a test to see if this also goes. Message to whoever deletes this: "fuck you".
... maybe fuck-wit grew a brain.
Cuz I posted how fucking lame this site is getting when it has BB8 talkbacks, but no JfC, or Big Love, or Entourage talkbacks. And now that post is gone.
They've zapped a couple of mine. And to be honest I'm hurt by it. I wasn't the first to go either. The first post was nuked. I replied to it saying that I also was 'dissenting' and that vanished too. Fucking sense of humour failure from somebody I think. Cunt.
Holy Hell is she hot!!! I hope she doesn't hook up with any of those damn pretty boys. What a body and face and hair!!! Could've done without the crying over her picture but damn look at those tits!!!
I'm sure those issues would be overlooked by every guy in here...lol...at least for awhile.
makes me sick to think about that chick. What a waste of nice ass!
And its really annoying that of course she's all over the pretty boy. Now i want her to be booted. And that stupid annoying voice blonde with her skank smirk after Carol got nominated needs to exit too.
That is ridiculous that she thinks god has anything to do with it. And all the crying...yikes...wish they would boot 2 at one time.Her and annoying dumb ass blonde. And Jen is hot, im lookin at the whole package. More then just big tits.


text:
2005 Acura TSX Features
2.4-liter DOHC i-VTEC™ aluminum alloy 4-cylinder engine |
200-horsepower at 6800 rpm and 166 lb-ft of torque at 4500 rpm |
Drive-by-wire throttle system |
Computer-controlled Programmed Fuel Injection (PGM-FI) |
Direct ignition system with knock control sensor |
Close-ratio 6-speed manual transmission with magnesium alloy case |
4-wheel-independent double-wishbone suspension with multi-link rear |
Front and rear stabilizer bars |
4-wheel disc brakes with ventilated front discs |
4-channel Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) |
Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA®) with traction control |
17-inch alloy wheels with V-rated all-season performance tires |
Torque-sensing, variable power-assisted rack-and-pinion steering |
LEV-2 exhaust emission control system |
110,000-mile tune-up interval |
. |
SEATING and TRIM |
Perforated leather seating |
Leather-wrapped sport steering wheel |
Heated front seats |
8-way adjustable power driver's seat |
4-way adjustable front passenger's seat |
Driver's and front passenger's seat back pockets |
Adjustable driver's seat lumbar support |
Adjustable front headrests |
Locking 60/40 split fold-down rear seat |
Rear seat armrest |
Carpeted floor mats |
Ebony or Quartz leather interior with metallic-look trim |
Parchment leather interior with wood-patterned trim |
. |
COMFORT and CONVENIENCE |
Power glass moonroof with tilt feature and sliding sunshade |
Dual-zone automatic climate control with micron air-filtration system |
360-watt Acura Premium Sound System with in-dash 6-disc CD changer and 8 speakers |
XM® Satellite Radio |
Acura Navigation System with Voice Recognition™ w/audio and climate control commands (Optional) |
Steering wheel-mounted illuminated remote audio controls |
Steering wheel-mounted remote cruise control |
Manual tilt and telescopic steering wheel |
Power windows, power door mirrors and power door locks |
Auto-up/down driver's window with auto-reverse feature |
Keyless entry system with window controls and panic button |
Window controls integrated with driver's door key lock |
Leather-covered front center console with sliding arm rest |
In-dash CD storage compartment with illumination |
Illuminated power window switches |
LED-illuminated instrumentation |
Dual trip meters |
Outside temperature gauge |
Overhead map lights |
Front and rear dual beverage holders |
Interior trunk closing handle |
Overhead storage compartment for sunglasses |
Door storage compartments |
Maintenance interval reminder |
Auto-dim day/night rearview mirror |
Illuminated driver's and front passenger's vanity mirrors |
HomeLink® remote control system |
Two 12-volt power outlets |
Side-window defoggers |
Blue LED ambient lighting |
Digital clock |
. |
Xenon High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlights |
Turn signal indicators in side mirrors |
Rear window defroster with timer |
Printed radio antenna |
Galvanized steel body panels |
Speed-sensing windshield wipers with mist feature |
Heat-rejecting glass |
Auto-off headlights |
Remote trunk/fuel door release |
Stainless steel door sill plates |
Electric trunk switch |
Flush-mounted rear glass |
Folding side mirrors |
Heated sideview mirrors |
. |
Driver and front passenger dual-stage front air bags |
Driver and front passenger side air bags with passenger position sensors |
Front and rear side curtain air bags |
3-point seatbelts for all five seating positions |
Front seat belt pretensioners with load-limiters |
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children (LATCH) system on rear outboard seats |
Interior phosphorescent emergency trunk opener |
Side-impact door beams |
Front and rear crumple zones |
Sliding front subframe |
Panic button on keyless entry system |
Theft-deterrent system |
Engine immobilizer system |


text:
Adobe Systems has today announced Photoshop Elements 4.0. The lite version of Adobe's professional image editing program Photoshop, offers a new automatic red-eye removal function, which detects face shapes in images and removes red-eye as photos are downloaded from the camera. It also features a new Magic Selection brush for adjustments to specific parts of an image as well as Magic Extractor and new Skin Tone Adjustment. Adobe has developed the tagging feature found in Elements 3.0 with the new Face Tagging, which automatically detects faces in a photo so they can be easily tagged and quickly found later. Photoshop Elements 4.0 is currently only available for Windows, priced £69.99. A spokesman for Adobe said that the program will be supported on the Mac in the 'near future'.
Adobe's No. 1 Selling Consumer Photo Editing Software* Combines Power and Simplicity to Help Consumers Do It All
SAN JOSE, Calif. — September 27, 2005 — Adobe Systems Incorporated (Nasdaq:ADBE) today announced Adobe® Photoshop® Elements 4.0, a significant upgrade to the No. 1 selling consumer photo-editing software*. Photoshop Elements 4.0 delivers an impressive array of new ways for consumers to easily edit photos, show them off in creative and entertaining ways and always have them at their fingertips. Available for Windows, Photoshop Elements 4.0 is the software that consumers choose for quick, one-click fixes, in addition to more sophisticated editing techniques when they need advanced creative control.
Also today, Adobe announced the availability of Adobe Premiere® Elements 2.0 software, a complete home video-editing solution (see separate press release). Available as separate products or together in a single retail package, Adobe Photoshop Elements 4.0 Plus Adobe Premiere Elements 2.0 delivers the powerful and affordable software consumers need to be creative and delight friends and family with their digital photos and home videos.
"As the top-selling consumer photo editing product, Photoshop Elements 4.0 continues to push the envelope with innovative features that allow digital photo enthusiasts to do it all," said Bryan Lamkin, senior vice president of Digital Imaging and Digital Video Products at Adobe. "With digital imaging capabilities turning up everywhere from cell phones to disposable digital cameras, it's easy to develop a click-and-forget habit. Our software unlocks the potential for people to get more enjoyment out of their digital photos, whether they took them on a cell phone, a point and shoot or advanced Digital SLR camera."
More Editing Magic
Auto Red Eye Removal, Magic Selection Brush, Skin Tone Adjustment, and Magic Extractor join an already impressive list of consumers' favorite editing tools that fix common photography problems and expand creative control.
The improved Red Eye Removal now eliminates red eye automatically as photos are downloaded from the camera. The new Magic Selection Brush quickly selects specific parts of a photo for easy color, lighting, and contrast adjustments. The new Skin Tone Adjustment allows consumers to get more realistic skin colors in just moments. The new Magic Extractor easily removes subjects from photos, with advanced edge de-fringing, for scrapbooking and composites like placing a friend on a mountaintop, adding ancestors to a family portrait, and creating other fun combinations.
Breakthrough Organisation
Simple search and intuitive tagging options make it easier to find and view photos in Photoshop Elements 4.0. Date View automatically arranges photos by date. The enhanced Folder View lets consumers move, create, or delete files and folders. The new breakthrough Face Tagging helps consumers find faces in their photos automatically so that they can easily tag them now and quickly find them later.
Showcasing and Sharing Photos
New sharing options include multimedia slide shows, which consumers can create in seconds, complete with multiple pans and zooms, easier soundtracks with narration, over 80 transition options, clip art and more. New one-click printing makes it simple to order professional-quality Kodak prints and beautiful hardbound photo books in seconds through easy-to-access, integrated online services. Photoshop Elements 4.0 makes it simpler than ever to entertain a roomful of friends and family by showcasing photos on TV over home networks, Video CD, or DVD, for consumers who have both Photoshop Elements and Adobe Premiere Elements.
Photoshop Elements 4.0 is part of a complete family of Photoshop products that meet the needs of a diverse spectrum of digital photographers: the free Photoshop Album Starter Edition for the novice digital camera user; Photoshop Elements for the digital photography enthusiast; and Photoshop CS2 for the professional or the most demanding amateur photographer. Each product offers more growth and creative control for customers, giving them access to award-winning technology and options for more sophisticated editing, organization and sharing options for their digital photos.


text:
As Mark mentioned, we've seen a great start from the Obama
administration. It repealed the global gag rule, and reaffirmed American commitment to women's health and global health. Talking the right talk is exactly what we need to do. Now that we've said all the right things, though, it's time to prove we mean what we say.
Over the last eight years, European governments dug deep to try to replace the funding for women's health – UNFPA in particular – that didn't come from the US. If we want to regain our global leadership role on women's health, we need more than words. We need to prove our commitment by paying our fair share. Rhetoric means nothing if we don't back it up with resources.
It's hard to ramp up funding in the face of economic crisis. It's also essential. Margaret Chan pointed out in February that women and children are going to be hardest by the damage to our global economy.
Leadership in this context means making sure that the programs are in place to ameliorate that impact. That means good planning, evidence-based program design, and a multi-sectoral approach. But more than anything else, it means adequate funding.
This post is part of the After the Gag Rule salon hosted by RH Reality Check and UN Dispatch.


text:
The X-Change Files explores the intersections of science and entertainment, regularly taking a look at the ways in which science is portrayed in film and television. Learn More
Imagine taking the ultimate leap of faith, jumping out of an airplane with only a parachute to regulate your fall. Now, imagine that your descent could be captured on film, from your exact point of view.
We'll let you in on a little secret, it's possible.


text:
- About Us
- Members
- Placement
- Programs/Services
- Media/Resources
- Retirement
We at the American Conference of Cantors (ACC) are delighted to receive your application for the Guest Cantor Program. We are excited to establish this partnership between the ACC, the URJ Congregational Representatives and the URJ Small Congregations Leaders Marcia Grossfeld, Merry Lugasy and Rabbi David Fine, in connecting an ACC Cantor with a small congregation for a weekend of Shabbat services and programming.
The program is open for applications from eligible cantors and congregations at this time, which will be addressed by a standing committee on a case-by-case basis. As the program is funded largely by grant monies, there are a limited number of pairings that can be made each year. For more detailed information and the application, please click on the appropriate link below.
We are so grateful for your interest in the ACC Guest Cantor Program. We are eager to be bringing it to fruition as we support our cantors and small congregations work together to enhance the worship and learning experience in Reform synagogues all over the country.
Susan Caro
Claire Franco
Vice President of Professional Development, External Policy & Placement
Click on these links for more information:
Frequently Asked Questions about the Guest Cantor Program
Introduction to the Guest Cantor Program (for Congregations)
Introduction to the Guest Cantor Program (for Cantors)


text:
Enrolling in CLIP
CLIP is a unique program designed to help immigrant students improve their academic English language skills.
CLIP is offered on nine CUNY campuses, and is open to students from all CUNY campuses. You may attend CLIP at any of the nine locations.
If you want to enroll in CLIP, you must have a high school diploma or a GED and be accepted to one of the colleges of CUNY. For information about applying to CUNY, click here.
For new students: After you are admitted to a CUNY campus, please call 212 794-5302 for assistance and further information. You may also receive information about the program in the mail. See the CLIP Calendars & Fees.
For already matriculated students: To attend CLIP, you must be referred by a professor or a counselor at your campus.
When you complete CLIP, you will automatically be readmitted to the CUNY college that accepted you.
The benefits of CLIP are:
• It is low cost, and you can learn English without using your financial aid allocation.
• You will spend 25 hours a week for up to one year in intensive English language instruction and orientation to college.
• Day and evening sessions are available.
• You will learn the reading, writing and oral communication skills that will help you be a successful college student at CUNY.
• You will learn how to use a computer for writing and research.


text:
if its dead, take down the page.
his Mod's/Game's Half-Life² is related to the original story of the game, but from another point of view, the viewpoint of the player ...
The Mod is set in a suburb of Madrid(Spain), in which an addict Half-Life² fell asleep in class and when awakened, everything has changed ...
The novelty of this game is that it's multiplatform. The 14 Show wants everyone to play The Mod 14, but users do not have the "Half Life2 or even have no PC.'s Game PSP, WII, NDS, is being developed with the Quake engine." The Quake is one of the most compatible games in history, thanks to the work of many people who have adapted to multiple platforms.
# "Can I play any PSP, Wii, or DS?
No. you can not.
- PSP: You need to install a "custom firmware higher than 3.60 and a PSP 1000 (fat) or 2000 (slim).
- DS: "Requirements to be confirmed"
- WII: With the "Homebrew Channel" is enough:).
# Why is it an Indie game?
Because we do not use ID files software, and all hl2 models are our adaptations.
# Is it a Half Life2 portable?
NO. This is related to their history, but is not a hl2 portable.
1 comment by CRBthedevil on Jan 8th, 2011
This year has been a crazy year. More than anything the team has worked hard to learn new things. First I give my congratulations to all the editors quake, which really are promoting a new way of modding, and you are resurrecting the QUAKE! Has been highly controversial use of models and textures hl2, but I assure you that it has reached its end. We will work on new models, to improve our code, and start seeing a more solid game to that seen previously. Of course this game is not dead and still in development. This year is key to "The 14 Show", and probably the base of a large development.
PD: Sorry, if there are gramatical errors. If there are, say me it.
is 'the 14 mod for DS' needs slot2 memory card?
(if it needs that, I will buy 3 in 1)
(sry for my bad english.)
Maybe if you people cant see Correctly i will say it in caps.... THESE R TEST MODELS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
DONT STOP THIS PROJECT PLEASE i want to see it breathe life!
sometimes illegal mods more better than legal games......
Promote The 14 Mod (Quake version) on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).


text:
Tray-HQ 1.61
Sponsored Links
Tray-HQ 1.61 Ranking & Summary
User Review:
0 (0 times)
File size:
Windows 9X/ME/NT/2K/2003/XP/Vista
Date added:
Bjorn Ischo
Tray-HQ 1.61 description
Tray-HQ is an award winning tool that sits in the tray area of the taskbar, and offers you 6 often used utilities with one click.
It includes a calendar, a calculator, a little text editor, a stop watch (with billing feature), a clipboard capture tool and an address book with URL export to your browser!
It includes a calendar, a calculator, a little text editor, a stop watch (with billing feature), a clipboard capture tool and an address book with URL export to your browser!
Tray-HQ 1.61 Screenshot
Tray-HQ 1.61 Keywords
Bookmark Tray-HQ 1.61
Tray-HQ 1.61 Copyright
WareSeeker.com do not provide cracks, serial numbers etc for Tray-HQ 1.61. Any sharing links from rapidshare.com, yousendit.com or megaupload.com are also prohibited.
Featured Software
Want to place your software product here?
Please contact us for consideration.
Contact WareSeeker.com
Version History
Related Software
Stop Watch is a very simple stopwatch program, it supports restart/pausing the timer Free Download
Efficient Diary is a completely free while still beautiful and powerful electronic diary software package. The product has a strong edit function similar to that of MS-Word. A happy life cant be without Efficient Diary! Free Download
jspImage is an JSP component to build dynamicly an image on the server. This ... Free Download
iText - A cute little text editor with a colorful design built mainly for young people. Free Download
Watch the little fish swim around your screen Free Download
An application that makes cryptic encoded internet content readable Free Download
A wonderful tool for 2D Sprites and tiles optimisation. Free Download
Very useful tree-styled organizer. Full featured text editor with tables, formatting, hyperlinks, pictures... Any amount of sections can be created at any tree level, supports strong data encryption. Import/export from/to MS Word, HTML, text, Unicode text, Works, WordPerfect, Windows Write, RTF files. Each section has own document, name and icon, 361 icons are available. You can insert, delete, move sections. 31 program toolbar skins included. Free Download
Latest Software
Popular Software
Favourite Software


text:
Music Teachers Record Book
Music Teachers Record Book composed by Jane Smisor Bastien. For piano. Bastien Piano Library. Teacher aids. Published by Neil A. Kjos Music Company (KJ.WP28).
No teacher should be without this valuable planner, packed with essential yearly information in concise form. Contains weekly, monthly, and annual activity planners; tuition and financial record organizers; a group schedule planner; and a student information record-keeper. Keeps important data always at your fingertips.


text:
Posts Tagged '"the'
Don't Drink the Water
Drillers are furious about reports backing up claims of poisoned groundwater.Peter Gorman photos by Lee Chastain
When Jeff Locker looks out over his 1,500 acres of land just outside Pavillion, Wyo., he remembers what it used to look like: three horses in the corral, fields of barley and alfalfa bending in the breeze. These days the view f...
New Poussin in Town
Big TicketLast week, the Kimbell Art Museum announced to great fanfare its $24 million acquisition of Nicolas Poussin's "The Sacrament of Ordination." In gratifyingly speedy fashion, the work goes on display this week.
Hoist By Their Own Arguments
StaticA Texas oil-and-gas lawyer who probably figured he was using a crafty defense technique during a recent deposition may have shot his whole industry — or local governments — in the foot.
Clouds of Suspicion
StaticA small storm has broken out in the Fort Worth school district over nearly identical letters sent by two school board trustees to the Texas House Energy Resources Committee regarding a bill that would put gas wells farther away...
Fort Worth in Fluxus
The late-20th-century style is ready for takeoff in Fort Worth.ANTHONY MARIANI
Hanging through the end of October at the Fort Worth Community Arts Center will be Fluxhibition #4: Fluxus Amusements, Diversions, Games, Tricks, and Puzzles, a collection of more than 120 Fluxus artworks from 23 countries and ...
Posting Propaganda
John Q. ReaderTo the editor: Justine Sharrock, in "Keyboard Commandos" (June 30, 2010), gave us all a closer look at the workings of radical and militia groups and others intent on usurping the government. A coup d'etat is a better wor...
Keeping the Light On
Static Static is glad to see that Attorney General Greg Abbott is back in court defending the Texas Open Meetings Act. The law, which essentially ensures that the public's business be done in the light of day and not in back r...
Great American Trailer Park Packs a Punch
Circle Theatre's latest production is raunchy but not gratuitous.JIMMY FOWLER
Throughout the first act of Circle Theatre's production of The Great American Trailer Park Musical, I had the nagging sensation that this raucous, perfectly detailed staging reminded me of another artist's work that I could...
Copenhagen Chills Stage West
Acting acrobatics or bracing theater? Copenhagen loves the former.JIMMY FOWLER
Every so often, Heisenberg's 1927 principle of uncertainty –– a foundation of quantum mechanics –– pops up as a theme in art. The Coen brothers' acclaimed recent comedy A Serious Man depicted a Midwestern Jewish pro...
Bodies at Rest
Please do not touch or nitpick the Mueck.Art
Smug.""Literal.""Impervious to multiple interpretations.""Susceptible to parody.""Self-parodic.""The Old Guard's new clothes."


text:
Pay-Per-Minute Options
You can now enjoy this movie on your iPhone®, iPad®, or compatible Smart TV & Android devices.
- 270p
- 360p
- 480p
- 720p
- 1080p
Purchase Options
Streaming Rentals
Available MP4 sizes:
SD 480p (2.5 GB) HD 720p (4.95 GB)
DRM-free downloads offer content that is not limited by standard Digital Rights Management (DRM) access technologies. These technologies allow hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals to limit the usage of digital content.
When you purchase DRM-free downloadable content, that content is available for you to download on any computer and save to a disk whenever you like. You can also download to multiple computers. There is no timeframe associated with your purchase and the content will not expire.
High Definition
Sopping Wet drenched sluts rule the land at squirtamania!
4 Scenes from Squirtamania 18
Recommended Movies


text:
Brierley, John A., Cowton, Christopher J. and Drury, Colin (2001) How product costs are calculated and used in decision making: a pilot study. Managerial auditing journal, 16 (4). pp. 202-206. ISSN 0268-6902
Metadata only available from this repository.Abstract
Reports the findings of a pilot survey into how product costs are calculated and how they are used in decision making in manufacturing industry in the UK. The survey examines how many accounting systems firms use, blanket overhead rates in product costing; the bases used to calculate overhead rates; the application of product costs in decision making; and profitability maps. The results show that a variety of methods are used to calculate product costs and that they are used to a significant extent in decision making
Item Type: | Article |
Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HG Finance H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HF Commerce > HF5601 Accounting |
Schools: | The Business School The Business School > Financial Ethics and Governance Research Group |
Related URLs: | |
References: | Bailey, J. (1991), ``Implementation of ABC systems |
Depositing User: | Sara Taylor |
Date Deposited: | 15 Feb 2008 15:04 |
Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2008 13:32 |
URI: | http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/531 |
Downloads per month over past year
Repository Staff Only: item control page
View Item |


text:
There are several job openings at Star magazine. Wouldn't it be a kick if I jokingly applied for one of them to see how long it took them to catch on. I'm so bored and in need of a good laugh that I'm almost tempted to do it. But they'd probably sue me again.
On a totally unrelated note, can we just discuss how amazing Ellen Degeneres is? I love, love, love her talk show. I know most of you work and therefore cannot watch it at 4 p.m. every day. But I love her show so much that I plan my workout schedule to coincide with it every day. And let me tell you, she makes the time go by a lot faster. If you've never watched Ellen, watch it. No matter how down you are, it will lift your spirits.
And how fab does she look in this month's W? Ellen rocks.
I am finally almost unpacked and organized. Now I'm just hoping I will find a gig that will require me to repack and relocate ASAP. With Wally in tow natch.
Finally, look at this amazing pic my brother snapped in India. He's there for an indeterminate amount of time and is about to embark on a 10-day meditation retreat wherein he cannot speak or communicate in any way. We are just a little different. But our ideas of paradise are strikingly similar, like the place below.
Friday, February 23, 2007
Posted by Stephanie Green at 3:20 PM | Links to this post
Subscribe to:
Comment Feed (RSS)


text:
Go Anywhere Accessories (2002-2004) Sept 19, 2010 19:06:15 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Persephone on Sept 19, 2010 19:06:15 GMT -5 I am missing the travel memory book, library card, and ponytail holder (it fell apart, the scurvy thing!), but I can offer my opinions on the rest of the set. The purse is pink and purple suede-feeling material with flowers on the purple patches that match the ones on the shirt. It is lined with lilac, and the strap is attached with D-rings. The strap is too short to fit over her body, but it fits oddly and tends to fall off when it be over one shoulder. It includes two sticks of gum: they are wrapped in foil and have vehicle-print paper wrappers that read "Chewy Gooy Gum" on the front and "China CAUTION: DO NOT EAT" on the back. Why they didn't spell it "gooey" is a mystery. The dollar bills are printed on one side only, and are pretty much identical to real ones except for the numbers (which vary from bill to bill) and the signatures. The hinged compact mirror is made of glittery purple plastic, with a pattern of beads and rhinestones on the top. The Coconut charm bracelet is really cute, which is why I kept it even after it broke. I wanted to try to fix it, but haven't gotten around to it and now I can't even find it (hence it is absent from the photos).The pieces I have:Inside/back view:
Elegant Muff and Hat Feb 3, 2010 19:14:11 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Persephone on Feb 3, 2010 19:14:11 GMT -5 The hat is fuzzy, soft and warm. It's a great accessory piece. The muff, however is too small. It only fits one hand, much less two hands and a bag of roasted chestnuts like in the book. I prefer to use the muff from the Winter Magic accessories and gave this one to a smaller doll. Grade: B.
Snow Outfit Jan 12, 2010 21:05:10 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Persephone on Jan 12, 2010 21:05:10 GMT -5 This review is for the outfit only.This is a really cute set and perfect for any modern doll. The sweater is good for mixing and matching, but the sleeves don't come all the way down to the doll's wrists. It closes in the back with no-snag velcro. The snowpants work just like real ones, and are waterproof so you can put your doll in the snow without worrying about her getting wet. The boots have a snowflake pattern on the soles.Photos:


text:
Tap Here to view the Mobile Optimized TFLN
Hello Stephanie, you need to come pick me up at Par Blvrd correctional facility and bring $750-$1000 for bail. I just got a DUI. Thank you.
What!?!?! How are you txting?!
Because this is Officer Reynolds, and I just arrested your boyfriend.
Set off the fire alarm in our dorm at 2:30 am last night. 150 Naked people wrapped in towels shared a bag of popcorn with me as we watched the firefighters frantically search for my burnt popcorn in the building.
After New Year's Eve I will be hibernating my life away. Only wake me up for skiing, schnapps, and sex. In that order.
Of course she said it wasn't that good, I don't bring my A game to pity fuck the thrice divorced girl from work
I gave you a 45 minute blowjob. You were inside me for 3 minutes. I'm going to need you to get your shit together.
Dude give me 4 good reasons we shouldn't trade girlfriends tonight
I meant to tell you earlier: bad life decision saturday has been moved wednesday this week
Well if it makes you feel any better I threw up at Roadhouse. And then on the way to the train. And then in a water fountain. And then in a plastic bag on the train.
Follow @tfln


text:
Giridharan, A and Mahadevan, Sudha and Singh, AK (1988) Thermal expansion of some Ge-Se-Te glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 103 . pp. 73-78.
Full text available as:PDF Restricted to CSIR-NAL Registered users only Download (734Kb) | Request a copy |
Results of measurements of the thermal expansion coefficient(from50C to the softening temperature)are reported for eight glass compositions of the Ge-Se-Te system.For (GeSe2)100-2xSexTex glasses,an increase of the glass transition temperature(Tg)and of a (the change in thermal expansion coefficient, a during glass transition)is seen with decreasing SeTe content.For(GeSe2)23.33Se30-Te glasses,a Tg and a are invariant with composition.The result obtained presently, when examined along with those obtained for other chalcogenide glasses,indicate that chalcogenide glasses are not necessarily in a stage of is a free volume during glass transition.values ranging from 0.024 to 0.67 are obtained for free volume of some chalcogenide glasses
Item Type: | Journal Article |
Additional Information: | Copyright for this article belongs to Elsevier Science Publishers B.V |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Electrical conductivity;Measurement of thermal expansion; Ge-Se-Te;Germanium;Tellurium |
Subjects: | CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS > Propellants and Fuels |
Division/Department: | Materials Science Division, Materials Science Division, Materials Science Division |
Depositing User: | M/S ICAST NAL |
Date Deposited: | 23 Apr 2008 |
Last Modified: | 07 May 2012 11:08 |
URI: | http://nal-ir.nal.res.in/id/eprint/4678 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |


text:
NOTES AND NEWS Bookstore Your Bookstore is on Facebook UH Bookstore Partners With Online Book Source Dining Campus Food Hours Moody Towers Dining to Begin Construction for Renovation Project Moody Towers Renovation Webcam Finance Travel Expense Report Update - Mileage Between UH and Airport SALES AND USE TAX—Energy Star sales tax holiday. Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) Statistics Recycled Paper Program Office Supply Training Workshop Green UH Green Hints - Energy Efficient Appliances New Campus Community Garden Approved Why Community Gardens are Valuable UH Enjoys Earth Day Carnival on Campus HRMS Time & Labor Tips for Approvers Human Resources Training Calendar Parking and Transportation FY11 Faculty/Staff Online Parking Registration Now Open Plant Operations UH Lab Officers Featured in Business Officer Magazine Policies and Procedures SAMs in Campus Review MAPPs in Campus Review
Quick Tip: For enrollment services questions, students can call 713/743-1010.
If you have comments or would like to submit an article to future newsletters, contact Alpa Vaghani at email@example.com by the 20th of each month.
Recycled Paper Program Purpose To recognize departments who are participating in the University of Houston's recycled paper purchasing program by providing rebates and other incentives. Effective Date The University of Houston's official recycled paper purchasing program is through Today's Business Solutions. Eligible purchases will be counted starting April 1, 2010. Criteria The following criteria will be used to determine which departments receive incentives from this program:


text:
Last week NCsoft announced that the servers for its latest massively multiplayer online game, Auto Assault, would be merged on July 13. This means that all Auto Assault servers across the entire world will be merged into the Nexus server. With the merge just two days away, we contacted NCsoft to find out what led them to make this decision. An official post on the Auto Assault web forums says the following:
"Since the launch of Auto Assault, we have been pleased to find a community that is vocal, helpful and truly passionate about this game. While we continue to work on adding much more content to Auto Assault and fine tune its many systems, we've also heard an overwhelming request from the community in both North America and Europe to merge the servers so the players have greater incentives to use the game's social functions. We agree with their assessment."
As expected, the Internet is rife with rumors of this being the result of Auto Assault's supposedly abysmal subscriber numbers, with some saying that there are only 10,000 active players for the car-based MMO. We brought up this figure to an NCsoft representative whose reply was, "There are all sorts of rumors going around about Auto Assault's numbers and some are pretty outrageous. What I can tell you is that we're above the number you reference below."
The same representative also said, "I'd like to let you know that we see this as a positive move for our community and we are continuing plans to not only support the game, but to expand and improve it further. Most of the feedback we've gotten on this decision has been positive, so we're looking forward to the merge later this week and hope the blended community enjoys the results."
Somehow, we doubt the Auto Assault servers would've been merged if the number of subscribers to the game was vast, and while NCsoft insists that this is a positive move, more than a few Auto Assault players are a bit nervous about the game's future.


text:
Browsing Recipes similiar to Easy Tuna Pasta Salad For One Recipe.
Easy Tuna Pasta Salad for One
Makes a filling lunch for one. Serves two as a side with a cup of light soup (such as tomato). I make it the night before to toss in my lunch bag the...
basil, elbow macaroni, lemon juice, parmesan cheese, salt, tomato, +tuna
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Easy Tuna Pasta Salad
We make this easy pasta salad a lot in the summer - it's delicious at room temp or cold on hot days, and there's no mayo in it, so it travels well, too....
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Easy Marinara Sauce For Pasta Recipe
tomato, basil, salt, parmesan cheese, +onions, +carrot, +garlic, +olive oil, +tomato paste, +oregano, +black pepper, +pasta
cookeatshare.com - Similiar recipes
Chicken Pasta Salad Recipe
elbow macaroni, basil, parmesan cheese, lemon juice, salt, +zucchini, +vegetable oil, +olives, +green onion, +chicken, +parsley, +garlic, +black pepper
cookeatshare.com - Similiar recipes
Primavera Pasta Salad Recipe
basil, lemon juice, parmesan cheese, salt, tomato, +broccoli, +butter, +oregano, +garlic, +honey, +julienne, +lemon zest, +linguine, +olive oil
www.cdkitchen.com - Similiar recipes
Still Another Tuna/Pasta Salad.......(Mom's Tuna Salad)
A tasty tuna salad which is easy to prepare. I frequently make it during the Summer for a light supper, after a day at the pool. Also works well for picnics....
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Italian Pasta Salad For 50 Recipe
Italian Pasta Salad for 50 people Prep:30m
tomato, parmesan cheese, salt, +cider vinegar, +pasta, +broccoli, +carrot, +olive oil, +olives, +black pepper, +garlic, +mustard powder, +oregano
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Easy Shrimp Pasta For Two Recipe
Shrimp with creamy tomato basil sauce Prep:20m
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Crunchy Parmesan Chicken Salad Recipe
A great easy salad that we often have as a main meal when the weather is hot and I don';t want to cook. The chicken is so tasty that you'll want to make...
basil, tomato, parmesan cheese, salt, lemon juice, +spinach, +green onion, +cucumber, +olive oil, +chicken
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Pasta Salad With Pesto Recipe
This salad is best served the day it is made; if it's been refrigerated, bring it to room temperature before serving. The pesto can be made a day ahead--just...
lemon juice, parmesan cheese, tomato, salt, +spinach, +black pepper, +garlic, +olive oil, +farfalle, +mayonnaise, +pine nuts
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Can't find what you are looking for? Try our custom google recipe search:
Custom Search
Your Ingredients:
Legend: click ingredients to include or exclude
have this
need to use this
exclude this


text:
Optical parametric oscillator with a 10-GHz repetition rate and 100-mW average output power in the spectral region near 1.5 μm
Optics Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 19, pp. 1714-1716 (2002)
Acrobat PDF (104 KB)
We demonstrate a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator that emits picosecond pulses at an ~1.55-μm wavelength with a repetition rate as a high as 10 GHz and as much as 100 mW of average power. It is pumped with a diode-pumped passively mode-locked 10-GHz Nd:YVO4 laser. Because of its high repetition rate and its potential for ultrabroad tunability, this kind of system is useful for telecom applications. It should be scalable to 40 GHz and higher as required for future telecom networks.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(060.4510) Fiber optics and optical communications : Optical communications
(190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
(190.4970) Nonlinear optics : Parametric oscillators and amplifiers
(320.7090) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast lasers
(320.7110) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
S. Lecomte, L. Krainer, R. Paschotta, M. J. P. Dymott, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, "Optical parametric oscillator with a 10-GHz repetition rate and 100-mW average output power in the spectral region near 1.5 μm," Opt. Lett. 27, 1714-1716 (2002)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- L. Krainer, R. Paschotta, M. Moser, and U. Keller, Electron. Lett. 36, 1846 (2000).
- L. Krainer, R. Paschotta, S. Lecomte, M. Moser, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, "Compact Nd:YVO 4 lasers with pulse repetition rates up to 160 GHz," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (to be published), ().
- L. Krainer, R. Paschotta, G. J. Spühler, I. Klimov, C. Y. Teisset, K. J. Weingarten, and U. Keller, Electron. Lett. 38, 225 (2002).
- A. Robertson, M. E. Klein, M. A. Tremont, K.-J. Boller, and R. Wallenstein, Opt. Lett. 25, 657 (2000).
- F. X. Kärtner, L. R. Brovelli, D. Kopf, M. Kamp, I. Calasso, and U. Keller, Opt. Eng. 34, 2024 (1995).
- C. Hönninger, R. Paschotta, F. Morier-Genoud, M. Moser, and U. Keller, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 46 (1999).
- B. Ruffing, A. Nebel, and R. Wallenstein, Appl. Phys. B 67, 537 (1998).
- U. Keller, D. A. B. Miller, G. D. Boyd, T. H. Chiu, J. F. Ferguson, and M. T. Asom, Opt. Lett. 17, 505 (1992).
- R. L. Sutherland, in Handbook of Nonlinear Optics, B. J. Thompson, ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996), pp. 119–123.
- M. E. Klein, A. Robertson, M. A. Tremont, R. Wallenstein, and K.-J. Boller, Appl. Phys. B 73, 1 (2001).
- P. Lichtenberg-Hansen and P. Buchhave, Opt. Lett. 22, 1074 (1997).
Cited By |
Alert me when this paper is cited |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


text:
This book appears in the following booklists
in categories:Fiction, World - Africa, Feminism & Women, Black, Asian & Other Diasporas, Education, Humour, Gifts & Seasonal, Poetry & Writing, Order this book online - this link leads to our secure order website which will indicate how long the book will take to order. (Availability of '24-48 hours' means our wholesaler has stock - we place orders 2-3 times a week & receive the books next day.) (Availability of '7-10 days' or 'Special Order' means we order direct from the publisher - order times vary, many supply within 10 days.) Phone us: 0151 708 7270 | Zeinaby
Nawal El-Saadawi
Bodour, a distinguished literary critic and university professor, carries with her a dark secret. As a young university student, she fell in love with a political activist and gave birth to an illegitimate daughter, Zeina, whom she abandoned on the streets of Cairo. ISBN 13: 9780863564178 | ISBN 10: 0863564178 | Please note: Neither this website nor our order website can tell you if a book is actually in the shop right now - please contact us to find out. Prices - we do our best to keep price information up to date, but publishers very occasionally change book prices, so we cannot completely guarantee the prices shown here. We're always happy to check price & availability for you before you place your order, just ask! |


text:
Shear strengthening of concrete bridges using FRP bar
Valerio, P. and Ibell, T. J., 2003. Shear strengthening of concrete bridges using FRP bar. In: Fibre-reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete structures FRPRCS6, 2003-01-01, Singapore.
Related documents:
This repository does not currently have the full-text of this item.You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided below.
Item Type | Conference or Workshop Items (Paper) |
Creators | Valerio, P.and Ibell, T. J. |
Departments | Faculty of Engineering & Design > Architecture & Civil Engineering |
Refereed | No |
Status | Published |
ID Code | 678 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |


text:
Designer Jobs Forum |
Get new comments by email
Current Discussions (9) - Start a Discussion
Steve in Fullerton, California Updated 52 months ago |
Top designer skills needed to get the job. - 5 RepliesWhat are the top 3 traits or skills every designer must have to excel? Can you suggest any tips or insights to develop your designer expertise? |
me in Blacklick, Ohio Updated 71 months ago |
research in the graphic art/design - 1 Replywhat is the average pay for a first year student out of collage with a BA in this field? I currently live in Ohio with potential in relocating. I... |
Dennis W. Lasko in Clinton Township, Michigan Updated 76 months ago |
Are designer job opportunities growing or declining? - 1 ReplyAre jobs in this industry on the rise? Are there any sub-sectors that are growing? Where are the jobs? Which places have the most designer... |
nick manning in Rochdale, United Kingdom |
can you learn on the job??hi my names nick i have recently realized i have made a huge mistake by not returning taking my place at falmouth uni which i was hoping to set me up... |
Host |
What are typical designer salaries?Do some companies pay a lot more for this position than others? What does a top earner make in this field? What skills should you learn to increase... |
Host |
Tips for designer interviews.Do you have any tips to help prepare for an upcoming designer interview? Are there common interview questions that come up again and again? |
Host |
What do you enjoy most about your designer career?What do you enjoy most about being a designer? What do you dislike the most? Is it challenging? Are there many opportunities to learn and... |
Host |
Getting a designer job.How did you get your start doing designer work, and what career moves did you make to get to your current position? Do you need a particular... |
Host |
What are the best designer qualifications and training to get ahead?What is the best training for becoming a designer? What types of ongoing training or certifications are necessary to be an effective designer? What... |
What's great about where you work? If you could change one thing about your job, what would it be? Got a question? Share the best and worst about what you do and where you work by joining a discussion or starting your own.
Subscribe to this forum as an RSS feed.
» Sign in or create an account to start a discussion.


text:
Freedom in the Fifty States
One of the simplest and forthright explanations of the divisions of power between the federal and state governments was given by James Madison in Federal Paper No. 45. He said:
"The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the state governments are numerous and indefinite. The former [meaning the federal] will be exercised principally on external objects as war, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce. The powers reserved to the several states will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties and prosperity of the state."
According to Madison, then, the states are to be the bulwark of our liberty and freedom. Of all the powers assigned to government by the people, only a few were to be assigned to the federal level, and that turned out to be the twenty powers listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. The federal government was mostly assigned as an umbrella over the states to keep them safe from foreign intrusion. The states were left free to compete for the best level of government as they carried out their assigned numerous and indefinite powers! This concept of strong, local self-government was essential to the Founders freedom formula.
The States are to Compete for the Highest Level of Freedom
Imagine your state advertising, "Come to our state. You will have more freedom here than any other state. You will have lower taxes, better protection of your property, less regulation on your business, and more personal freedoms than anywhere else. We don't have any give-away programs, but we do offer the creative and hard worker a chance to enjoy real freedom. So come to our state."
What kind of people do you think your state would attract? The kind you really want to have come. That is the Founding Fathers' formula for building a free and happy people.
So how are our states doing in competing for freedom?
A recent study was published by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University entitled, "Freedom in the 50 States: An index of personal and economic freedom" by William P. Ruger and Jason Sorens. In their executive summary the authors state:
"This paper presents the first-ever comprehensive ranking of the American states on their public policies affecting individual freedoms in the economic, social, and personal spheres. We develop and justify our ratings and aggregation procedure on explicitly normative criteria, defining individual freedom as the ability to dispose of one's own life, liberty, and justly acquired property however one sees fit, so long as one does not coercively infringe on another individual's ability to do the same. This study. [also] includes measures of social and personal freedoms such as peaceable citizens' rights to educate their own children, own and carry firearms, and be free from unreasonable search and seizure..
"We find that the freest states in the country are New Hampshire, Colorado, and South Dakota, which together achieve a virtual tie for first place. All three states feature low taxes and government spending and middling levels of regulation and paternalism. New York is the least free by a considerable margin, followed by New Jersey, Rhode Island, California, and Maryland. On personal freedom alone, Alaska is the clear winner, while Maryland brings up the rear. As for freedom in the different regions of the country, the Mountain and West North Central regions are the freest overall while the Middle Atlantic lags far behind on both economic and personal freedom."
Who is Protecting Freedom in the States?
In the table below we have given the rankings of the states as computed in the George Mason University report, but we have added a column indicating recent annual pay received by the legislators of each state. These pay figures do not include per diem expense money received by legislators in addition to their annual salary.
State Freedom Ranking also showing Pay for State Legislators |
Freedom Ranking |
State |
Legislator Annual Pay |
New Hampshire |
100 |
2 |
Colorado |
30,000 |
3 |
South Dakota |
1,000 |
4 |
Idaho |
16,116 |
5 |
Texas |
7,200 |
6 |
Missouri |
31,351 |
7 |
Tennessee |
18,123 |
8 |
Arizona |
24,000 |
9 |
Virginia |
18,000 |
10 |
North Dakota |
6,000 |
11 |
Utah |
130 per day |
12 |
Kansas |
86 per day |
13 |
Indiana |
11,600 |
14 |
Michigan |
79,650 |
15 |
Wyoming |
150 per day |
16 |
Iowa |
25,000 |
17 |
Georgia |
17,342 |
18 |
Oklahoma |
38,400 |
19 |
Montana |
83 per day |
20 |
Pennsylvania |
76,173 |
21 |
Alabama |
101 per day |
22 |
Florida |
31,932 |
23 |
North Carolina |
13,951 |
24 |
Nevada |
137 per day |
25 |
Mississippi |
10,000 |
26 |
Delaware |
42,750 |
27 |
Oregon |
19,884 |
28 |
Nebraska |
12,000 |
29 |
Arkansas |
15,060 |
30 |
South Carolina |
10,400 |
31 |
Alaska |
24,012 |
32 |
Kentucky |
185 per day |
33 |
West Virginia |
15,000 |
34 |
Louisiana |
16,800 |
33 |
Minnesota |
31,140 |
36 |
New Mexico |
0 |
37 |
Wisconsin |
47,413 |
38 |
Ohio |
60,584 |
39 |
Maine |
23,713 |
40 |
Vermont |
614 per week |
41 |
Connecticut |
28,000 |
42 |
Illinois |
65,353 |
43 |
Massachusetts |
58,237 |
44 |
Washington |
42,106 |
45 |
Hawaii |
36,700 |
46 |
Maryland |
43,500 |
47 |
California |
116,208 |
48 |
Rhode Island |
13,089 |
49 |
New Jersey |
49,000 |
50 |
New York |
79,500 |
It is interesting to note that the state legislators in the top ten "freest" states are paid an average of $15,189 per year, while those in the bottom ten "least free" states are paid an average of $53,169 per year.
Perhaps we can draw the conclusion that the Founders were right again: If you want to protect your freedom, do not choose people to do it who plan to make a "career" in politics. In The 5000 Year Leap , Dr. Skousen explains the feeling in early America about salaries for public office holders:
"In the early history of the United States, community offices were looked upon as stations of honor granted to the recipients by an admiring community, state, or nation. These offices were therefore often filled by those who performed their services with little or no compensation. Even when an annual salary of $25,000 was provided in the Constitution for President Washington, he determined to somehow manage without it. Some might think that this was no sacrifice because he had a large plantation. However, the Mount Vernon plantation had been virtually ruined during the Revolutionary War, and he had not yet built it back into efficient production when he was called to be President. Washington declined his salary on principle. He did the same thing while serving as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces during the Revolutionary War. Not all could afford to do this, but it was considered the proper procedure when circumstances permitted it. " (p. 65)
While in Europe in 1777, Benjamin Franklin explained to a friend the widespread support for the American attitude concerning public service:
"In America, salaries, where indispensable, are extremely low; but much of public business is done gratis. The honor of serving the public ably and faithfully is deemed sufficient. Public spirit really exists there, and has great effects. In England it is universally deemed a nonentity, and whoever pretends to it is laughed at as a fool, or suspected as a knave." (p. 65)
During the Constitutional Convention, Franklin gave a speech on the kind of people we should elect to public office and the lure of high salaries. In what has turned out to be prophetic, Franklin said:
"Sir, though we may set out in the beginning with moderate salaries, we shall find that such will not be of long continuance. Reasons will never be wanting for proposed augmentations; and there will always be a party for giving more to the rulers, that the rulers may be able in return to give more to them. Hence, as all history informs us, there has been in every state and kingdom a constant kind of warfare between the governing and the governed, the one striving to obtain more for its support, and the other to pay less. And this has alone occasioned great convulsions, actual civil wars, ending either in dethroning of the princes or enslaving of the people. Generally, indeed, the ruling power carries its point, and we see the revenues of princes constantly increasing, and we see that they are never satisfied, but always in want of more. The more the people are discontented with the oppression of taxes, the greater need the prince has of money to distribute among his partisans, and pay the troops that are to suppress all resistance, and enable him to plunder at pleasure." (p. 67)
How do States return to a "Citizen Legislature?"
Many years before the Constitutional Convention, Franklin's own state of Pennsylvania had inserted the following paragraph into its constitution to ensure that people with the true spirit of public service and their own means of support would be elected to public office. It read:
"As every freeman, to preserve his independence, (if he has not a sufficient estate) ought to have some profession, calling, trade, or farm, whereby he may honestly subsist, there can be no necessity for, nor use in, establishing offices of profit; the usual effects of which are dependence and servility, unbecoming freemen, in the possessors and expectants; faction, contention, corruption, and disorder among the people. Wherefore, whenever an office, through increase of fees or otherwise, becomes so profitable, as to occasion many to apply for it, the profits ought to be lessened by the legislature." (p. 71-72)
Can we not dream of the day when state officials cease trying to make us feel guilty because our state is not taxing and spending as much as the other states for various programs? Perhaps candidates may one day begin campaigning with, "Come to our state, where you will enjoy more freedom here than any where else!"
Earl Taylor, Jr.


text:
Sportspage Home
About our hosts
This Week on Sportspage
Sportspage Guests
In the Spotlight
Answer Triva Question
UCM Athletics
Watch Online! October 16 - We talk to senior Defensive Back, Connor Smith and Junior Forward, Julie Ireland. October 9 - We talk to senior Tight End, Cullen Rosine and Junior Midfielder, Nicole Pond. October 2 - We talk to senior Linebacker Alex Perlin and Junior Libero, Annie Reilly. September 25 - Meet Defensive Lineman Ramond Hunter and we drop in on the 2014 UCM Athletics Auction. Review previous Spotlights 2012-2113 2011-2012 2010-2011 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 2005-2006


text:
Join Now
Join ePHOTOzine, the friendliest photography community.
Upload photos, chat with photographers, win prizes and much more for free!
No Description
Camera: | Sony |
Recording media: | JPEG (digital) |
Title: | Black and Yellow | |
Username: | Manni1996 | |
Uploaded: | 27 Jan 2010 - 5:24 PM | |
Tags: | Flowers & plants | |
VS Mode Rating |
Unrated These stats show the percentage of wins and the rating score that your photo has achieved. You can go to the VS Mode by clicking on this icon. Signup to PlusBecome a plus member to see which photo this has won or lost against in the vs mode | |
Votes: | 4 | |
Voters: | jonah794 · pluckyfilly · ringyneck · KarenFB · | |
Views: | 26 | |
Unique Views: | 15 | |
Junior Member |
sorry Manni but I find this oof but you may be happy with it and it could be as you intended - I cant possibly know what you had in mind - you still have too much either side of the flower doing nothing for your picture
maybe on reflection its a good shot depending on what you wanted to achieve
Nominating Constructive Critique
I came back to look again and its growing on me - its different and perhaps I should say works well - maybe I am too set in my ways, different is good sometimes
Nominating Constructive Critique
I think the softness has been added, which is, in my opinion, acceptable with flowers. I do agree with 'pluckyfilly' about the amount of space left around the flower, if you cropped both left and right it would make the flower a little larger. A well thought out, taken and worked image.
Nominating Constructive Critique
Add a Comment
ePHOTOzine, the web's friendliest photography community.
Upload photos, chat with photographers, win prizes and much more.