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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 62
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Biographical Memoirs: Volume 62
September 15, 1899-May 11, 1972
WILLIAM ("BILL") BLOOM was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 15, 1899, the eldest of the four children of Mayer and Bertha Singer Bloom. Both parents had emigrated from Lithuania in the 1880s, settling in Baltimore—Mayer Bloom at the age of 17, Bertha Singer as a child of 8, accompanying her parents and brothers. Mayer established a wholesale business in women's clothing, and both he and his wife were interested in civic affairs and were active in the Jewish community of Baltimore. Typically, they had a high regard for learning and a great love of books, traits which they transmitted to all of their children. In fact, by the time Bill was fifteen, his father had given him the right to charge any book he wanted from any store in Baltimore. Bill's brother, Benson, received an M.D. degree from Johns Hopkins and became a practicing physician in the Southwest, while his other brother, Frank, was a lawyer for the National Labor Relations Board in Washington, D.C. Their sister, Sophia, obtained a Ph.D. from the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago.
Bill attended the Friends School, Baltimore City College (a municipal high school), and the Johns Hopkins University. Following brief service in the U.S. Army (Students'
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Army Training Corps) in World War I, he returned to Hopkins, where he received his A.B. degree in 1919 and M.D. in 1923. In his first year of college there were three books which, he said, greatly influenced his thinking, namely, Huxley's Man's Place in Nature, Haeckel's The Riddle of the Universe and Moore's The Literature of the Old Testament, the first two were largely responsible for his electing biology courses in college, while the third was his first acquaintance with a critical interpretation of the Bible and "finished the last tenuous vestiges of organized religion in me." However, in later life he never denied or tried to hide his religious ancestry. I recall a conversation with him in the early 1960s when we were discussing prejudice, particularly antisemitism in academia; Bill noted that he believed he was the first Jew to be appointed chairman in an American anatomy department.
Bill Bloom enjoyed his college years. His interest in and mastery of both French and English literature prompted the instructor in each to encourage him to major in that subject and continue to graduate school. However, it was the introductory course in biology in his second year, taught by Professor E. A. Andrews, that provided the determining factor for the course of Bill's life as far as his field of endeavor was concerned. This was the first instructor he encountered who made students think and question. In the comparative anatomy course the following year, Andrews showed the students material, provided some pertinent facts, and left them to draw their own conclusions. Andrews encouraged Bill to use the department's photomicrographic apparatus, and in 1918 he offered Bill a summer fellowship to work at Cold Spring Harbor, but he could not accept as he had to go to Plattsburg for the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Before graduating, Bill told Professor Andrews that he wished to study for a Ph.D. in biology, but Andrews
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advised him (and others) that there were very few opportunities in research in biology but there were more in medical schools. In the fall of 1919 Bill entered the Johns Hopkins University Medical School.
In the first semester, Bloom was impressed by Professor Florence Sabin's histology course, which comprised laboratory work mainly and a total of eight lectures on scientists and their work. At least two of these were to play important roles in his later development. The first lecture was on connective tissue and Alexander A. Maximow, who, Sabin announced, was the greatest histologist in modern times, but ''he had died in the Russian Revolution of 1917." One of Bloom's most treasured letters was that from Dr. Sabin in 1930 (then at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research) in which she thanked him for the copy of the first edition of Textbook of Histology. She recalled her first lecture of 1919 and stated that "it is clear no one can afford to be without [the textbook]" and "you are certainly to be congratulated tremendously on this very beautiful text of histology, which combines all of Maximow's splendid grasp of the subject … with your own experience which you have gained through association with such a master." The second scientist mentioned in the course was Robert R. Bensley, also of the University of Chicago. Sabin distributed some of Bensley's slides on mitochondria, stating that if he had done nothing else but work on the pancreas he would have been a great scientist. Later, he provided the "open sesame" to the Department of Anatomy at the University of Chicago, of which he was chairman and which was probably one of the greatest departments of anatomy during the 1930s and 1940s.
During that first year Bloom pondered on and discussed with various faculty members some research problems, but none came to fruition. That summer he injected rats with
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various drugs and trained them to run in Watson's maze for Dr. D. I. Macht, a lecturer in Professor Abel's Department of Pharmacology. Macht used the data in several papers and in a number of preliminary notes on work in which Bloom was mentioned as the junior author. However, what Bloom relished most that summer were the daily luncheons in the laboratory with Abel and his staff; discussions ranged over all sorts of topics from current events, to great and not-so-great books in world literature, to items of science. Abel wanted Bloom to take over the full-time work that Father Roca, who had to return to Spain, had started with Abel on histamine-like substances in the pituitary stalk and hypothalamus. But in those days medical students did not drop out of school for a while to do research, and so Abel asked Bloom to come back when he completed the M.D.
In his second year, Bloom began his first independent research to test his idea that histamine might be the cause of inflammation. He worked in the pathology laboratory of Dr. Arnold Rich, and he published his negative results in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin (34:165-88, 1922). In the summer of 1921 Bloom went to Europe on a cattleboat with Alan and Manfred Guttmacher. They visited a number of renowned professors in medical institutes and clinics in Germany and France. Bloom particularly enjoyed pursuing his interest in the history of science, and he purchased nearly 600 old scientific books and journals, such as by Semmelweiss, Laennec, Corvisart, Bidloo, Morgagni, and Hunter, the most valuable of which he later gave to libraries (e.g., Crerar Library, University of Chicago libraries, and Einstein Medical School in New York).
Although his third year in medical school consisted largely of lectures, clinics, and dispensaries every day, Bloom managed to do some research on experimental adhesions
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of peritoneum in dogs. That summer he worked as a substitute intern in medicine, obstetrics, and surgery at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago. Little did he realize then that most of his life would be spent in that city.
At the beginning of Bloom's fourth year, Dr. Rich returned from Eppinger's laboratory in Vienna and busied himself with work on jaundice. He suggested that Bloom should repeat experiments on the old problem of the route of absorption of bile pigments from the liver in early obstructive jaundice, using the new Van den Bergh test for bilirubin. Bloom also added the use of Eppinger's stain of bile capillaries to see if they ruptured in this condition. He found an unequivocal increase in bilirubin in the lymphocytes long before it increased in the blood and also that the bile capillaries were not ruptured (Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin 34:316-20, 1923).
After graduation in 1923, Bloom went to Chicago as the first resident pathologist of the Michael Reese Hospital under Dr. O. T. Schultz, who Bloom considered excellent, especially in microscopic diagnosis. Bloom performed many autopsies, did much surgical pathology, and continued experiments on obstructive jaundice. While comparing bilirubin in the blood with blood levels of phenoltetrachlorphthalein (Archives of Internal Medicine, 1924), he found a new method for measuring the latter in blood serum containing much hemoglobin. During the next two years he worked out the early stages of the embryogenesis of human bile capillaries (American Journal of Anatomy, 1926) and completed a long paper on the histopathology of Gaucher's and Niemann's diseases (American Journal of Pathology, 1925) based on two cases of the former and three of the latter. Also, with Ms. Kern, he analyzed lipids extracted from the spleens of the latter and described these findings in some detail along with
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the histochemistry of the lipids (Archives of Internal Medicine, 1927).
Bloom showed his slides of embryonic bile capillaries to Dr. G. Bartelmez at the University of Chicago, who suggested that Maximow would undoubtedly like to see them. Bloom later described the meeting with Maximow as the most exciting encounter with a scientist he had ever had. Two weeks later Bloom phoned for an appointment to show him histological and cytological changes in the lipid storage diseases he had studied. Maximow spent four hours examining the sections (even forgoing his routine afternoon stroll), and, when he was leaving, Bloom asked if he could work with him. At first Maximow refused, but when Bloom offered to do a Ph.D. under him, he was advised to discuss it with Bensley. The latter indicated that Bloom did not need a Ph.D. if he had an M.D. from Hopkins, and he suggested that Bloom should register for one course in research in anatomy. He was also warned that Maximow was an unbelievably hard taskmaster.
Some months later Bloom was called home because his father was terminally ill. When he returned to Chicago two weeks later he had decided that he could not do effective research under the primitive conditions and equipment at Michael Reese. Maximow offered him the Douglas Smith Fellowship and provided space in his laboratory with a new microtome and a new microscope. Bloom resigned from Reese to the annoyance of Schultz, who had counted on Bloom being his successor.
Bloom's introduction to experimental hematology resulted in the publication of "Transformation of Small Lymphocytes into Myelocytes in Germinal Centers" (Folia Haematologica 33, 1926). Then he began tissue culture experiments with immune reactions (Archives of Pathology 3, 1927) and also work on lymphocytes of the thoracic duct, extensive stud-
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ies on the origin of monocytes, and further papers on lipid tissues.
Until this time, the two greatest influences in Bloom's scientific development had been E. A. Andrews 'and J. J. Abel. Then came almost four years with Maximow (February 5, 1925, until his death on December 4, 1928), who taught him many rudiments of laboratory technology. This experience and his subsequent association with Robert R. Bensley and C. Judson Herrick in the Anatomy Department exposed Bloom to three of the foremost histologists of the time.
In 1929 Bloom was appointed assistant professor of anatomy, then associate professor in 1933, professor in 1941, and the Charles H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor in 1957. He served as chairman of the Department of Anatomy from 1941 to 1946. He was also a member of the Institute of Radiobiology, 1946-54, and a member of the Committee on Biophysics (later the Department of Biophysics, in the establishment of which he played a major role), 1954-69. He assumed emeritus status in 1965 and retired in 1969.
Dr. Bloom was also a member of the Executive Committee of the American Association of Anatomists, 1946-50, and served as vice-president, 1952-54. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Society of Experimental Pathologists, and the American Society of Cell Biology and was a founding member of the International Society of Cell Biology. He was one of three Americans awarded honorary doctoral degrees at the 600th anniversary of the Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland, in 1964.
When Bloom began to work with Maximow, the latter was the leading proponent of the unitarian theory of the origin of blood cells, which held that all types of blood cells derive from a common stem cell that he identified as
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the lymphocyte. The circulating small lymphocyte of the blood was considered to be a hemopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast) in a resting condition. Under certain conditions after migration into the tissues, the small lymphocyte was believed to hypertrophy to form a large lymphocyte or hematocytoblast, which, in turn, was capable of giving rise to the precursors of erythrocytes, granular leukocytes, and megakaryocytes. At that time American hematology was dominated by dualistic or polyphyletic theories of hemopoiesis, which insisted that there is no common totipotential "stem cell" but that the erythrocytes and leukocytes came from distinct precursor or stem cells and that the lymphocyte was a fully differentiated cell with no potentiality for further development except into plasma cells. This school of thought was led by Florence Sabin and her co-workers at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Despite Bloom's exposure to the latter during his student years, he rapidly gained a great admiration for Maximow's technical skills and his deep insight into the relationship of cells of the blood to those of the connective tissues. Bloom's first paper on the hemopoietic potency of the small lymphocyte was followed by a series of penetrating studies on the origin and nature of the monocyte and on the behavior of lymphoid and blood-forming organs in tissue culture. These studies strengthened his conviction as to the multiple developmental potentialities of the lymphocyte. With the untimely death of Maximow at the age of fifty-four, Bloom became the principal advocate of the unitarian theory, and he rapidly gained an international reputation in morphological hematology. His investigations promulgating and extending Maximow's views were presented in Handbuch der Allgemeinen Hamatologie in 1932 and Downey's Handbook of Hematology in 1938 (see Selected Bibliography). He had a profound influence
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upon clinical hematology through both his writings and his students.
Bloom was critical of the almost exclusive reliance of many investigators upon dry smears and insisted that no single technique was sufficient—and, indeed, that the sum of all the techniques then available was insufficient to answer the central questions of morphological histology. In his own work, he made skillful use of the light microscope and selective stains for observations on living and fixed cells. By experimental induction of inflammatory reactions and of extramedullary hemopoiesis, he took advantage of pathological conditions to shed light on the normal origins of cells and their potentialities for transformation to other cell types. His belief that lymphocytes can transform into macrophages and into fibroblasts has not been validated, but some of the central tenets of the unitarian concept have withstood the test of time. Now some fifty years later, the capacity of small lymphocytes when stimulated by lectin or antigen to undergo hypertrophy and proliferate has been clearly demonstrated, and its significance for the immune response has been established. The development from single stem cells of spleen colonies containing both erythro- and myelopoietic cells has firmly established the validity of the unitarian concept of hemopoiesis. Bloom's observations in experimental embryology and pathology contributed to an understanding of the origin, structure, and function of the blood-forming tissues, which he summated in Physiological Reviews in 1937.
In the 1930s, Bloom collaborated with William H. Taliaferro in studying inflammatory and cellular immune reactions in monkey and avian malaria. With Clay G. Huff he described the hemopoietic cells of canaries infected with a malarial parasite. With George W. Bartelmez he reported on the embryogenesis of the blood cells of the human yolk sac.
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During this same decade William and Margaret Bloom collaborated with Franklin G. McLean, carrying out extensive studies on bone and its development, many in egg-laying birds. They were the first to demonstrate the importance of estrogens in laying down of bone minerals in bone metabolism. They recorded the transformation of osteoblasts into osteoclasts. Bloom also performed many experiments with Morris Kharasch, the most interesting of which turned out to be on iron and manganese catalysis and bacterial growth and the production of pigments in bacteria by varying the types of aldehydes and ketones in the growth media. For several years he worked with Percival Bailey and Roy Grinker; with the former he cultured brain tumors and with Grinker he studied experimental aseptic inflammation in the brain.
At the time of his death, Maximow was writing a textbook on histology. A few chapters had been completed, but many were in rough manuscript or still in Russian. His colleagues in the Department of Anatomy "felt very keenly the desirability of seeing the book completed," and, at the suggestion of Bensley, Bloom undertook the unenviable task. The details of how this was done are presented in the preface of the first edition of the now famous Maximow and Bloom's Textbook of Histology, as well as in the insightful paper by John L. Dusseau in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine (30:108-16, 1986). After seven English editions, Bloom was joined by Professor Don W. Fawcett, the distinguished anatomist and cytologist of Harvard University, for the eighth and ninth editions of this authoritative reference. It has been translated into many languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and Korean. Subsequent editions have been rewritten in part and edited by Fawcett only.
During World War II, under the auspices of the Committee on Medical Research, Bloom collaborated in testing
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the effects of vesicant war gases on animals and men and the effectiveness of protective ointments and clothing. Commander J. Troxel acted as his liaison at the Glenview Naval Station. Later in the war, working on the Metallurgical Project under the Manhattan District, Bloom assembled a research team to assess the biological effects of irradiation. Their findings were published (with Bloom as editor) after the war (1948) as volume 22-I of the National Nuclear Energy Series, titled Histopathology of Irradiation from External and Internal Sources.
After the war, Bloom collaborated with Raymond E. Zirkle in examining the effects on dividing cells of irradiation with a proton microbeam. Changes in the cells were followed by means of phase-contrast microscopy and recorded in time-lapse motion pictures. This study of the mitotic process in newt fibroblasts in tissue culture and the effect of focal irradiation (using an ultraviolet microbeam) of parts of chromosomes or the spindle was subsequently extended to electron microscopic analysis of changes in individual cells that had previously been irradiated. Bloom's last publication (1970) described electron microscopic observations of unirradiated mesothelial cells throughout the mitotic cycle in vitro.
In his rough autobiographical notes, Bloom proudly states, "No account of my last 40 years' work would be complete without consideration of the contribution of my wife who has worked devotedly on many problems with me in the laboratory and has also helped me with the books and many of the papers which I have written." In addition to several publications of her own, Bloom's wife, Margaret, shared responsibility for carrying out and reporting a number of experiments.
Margaret Abt was born in Chicago in 1898, the daughter of Solomon Lincoln and Clara Abt (nee Hirsh). Margaret
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first met Bill in 1923 (shortly after his arrival in Chicago) in the home of a cousin who had been his classmate at Johns Hopkins. She was working toward her Ph.D. in home economics and had taken a histology course taught by Maximow, as well as a physiology course. She became interested in Bill's work and began assisting him in his laboratory. Then she dropped the idea of finishing her Ph.D. They were married in 1928.
During the 1930s, Bloom and the physiologist Ralph Gerard were instrumental in revising the medical curriculum at the University of Chicago, pioneering the provision of an elective quarter for freshmen to stimulate research interests. Bloom had great awareness of the significance of the physical sciences for biology. He was a consultant to the Argonne National Laboratory, and he played an important part in establishing biophysics as a discipline at the university. He was known as a master teacher, for his unexcelled knowledge of his subject and for his insistence on painstaking work in a lifetime of teaching at the university. Bloom placed great emphasis on laboratory teaching in his courses, and the student loan collection of slides covered most of the sources of the illustrations in his text. The students were personally taught to look for the source of the textbook statement and not to have it found for them in kodachromes.
Bloom directed the research of many young scientists on whom his meticulous techniques, incisive thinking, and broad scholarship had lasting effects. His graduate students included Roscoe McKinney, Clayton Loosli, Leo Clemente, Raymond Murray, Matthew Block, Eleanor Conway, and Minnie Heller. In addition, dozens of medical students worked laboriously in his laboratory, while many postdoctoral fellows and colleagues from many parts of the world carried out investigations under his guidance in his laboratory.
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Bloom was able to rescue several anatomists and their families from Hitler's Europe by procuring funds or positions for them in the United States. Among them was Franz Weidenreich, gross anatomist, histologist, and physical anthropologist (famed for his discoveries of and research on the so-called Peking Man fossils), who Bloom stated was ''one of a few great men of the older generation whom I had the privilege of knowing intimately." He brought Fritz Wasserman from Germany to teach gross anatomy and Peter De Bruyn from Holland to teach histology in the Department of Anatomy.
Bloom's scientific activities left him with little leisure time. He was a devoted listener of recorded music and collected classical records. He regretted that he had neither learned to play a musical instrument nor read music. An enthusiastic amateur painter in oils, he preferred copying old masters rather than painting original pictures. He read widely in general literature, biographies, history of modern times, and the history of science. He had a fine collection of old books on the history of biology and medicine, most of which he later donated to libraries.
Like so many of his friends, I am immeasurably richer for having known "perhaps the last great general histologist" (W. L. Doyle in The Anatomical Record 177:108-9, 1973) in the tradition of Giuseppe Levi and Weidenreich.
I AM INDEBTED TO Margaret Bloom, Don W. Fawcett, and William L. Doyle for numerous documents and verbal information from which I have extracted liberally. I had useful discussions with Humberto Fernandez-Moran, who is particularly grateful to William Bloom for bringing him to Chicago.
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1922 Histamine as an inflammatory agent. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 34:165-88.
1923 The role of the lymphatics in the absorption of bile pigment from the liver in early obstructive jaundice. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 34:316-20.
1924 With W. H. Rosenau. A simple method for the determination of phenoltetrachlorphthalein in blood serum. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 82:547.
With W. H. Rosenau. The reaction of the liver to phenoltetrachlorphthalein in early obstructive jaundice. Arch. Intern. Med. 34:446-54.
1925 Splenomegaly (type Gaucher) and lipoid-histiocytosis (type Niemann). Am. J. Pathol. 1:595-626.
1926 The embryogenesis of human bile capillaries and ducts. Am. J. Anat. 36:451-65.
The hemopoietic potency of the small lymphocyte. Folia Haematol. 33:122-31.
An immune reaction in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 24:151-52.
1927 Transformation of lymphocytes of thoracic duct into polyblasts (macrophages) in tissue culture. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 24:567-69.
Über die Verwandlung der Lymphozyten der Lymphe des Ductus Thoracicus des Kaninchens in Polyblasten (Makrophagen) in Gewebskulturen. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch. 39:3-8.
Immune reactions in tissue culture. I. Reaction of lungs from normal and immunized rabbits to pigeon erythrocytes. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 3:608-28.
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With R. Kern. Spleens from Gaucher's disease and lipoid-histiocytosis. Arch. Intern. Med. 39:456-61.
1928 Zur Frage der Kurloffkorper. Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsch. 13:329-42.
Bemerkungen zur Arbeit von Erhardt und Garcia Frias: über Phagocytose und Herkunft der phagocytierenden Zellen in anaphylaktischen Versuch, Zugleich ein Beitrag für die Abstammung der Monocyten. Z. Gesamte Exp. Med. 62:547-48.
The origin and nature of the monocyte. Folia Haematol. 37:1-62.
The relationships between lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells. Folia Haematol. 37:63-69.
Origin of the blood monocyte. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 25:244-46.
With A. F. Abs. Essential lipoid histiocytosis (type Niemann-Pick). J. Am. Med. Assoc. 90:2076-80.
Mammalian lymph in tissue culture. From lymphocyte to fibroblast. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch. 5:269-307.
The histogenesis of essential lipoid histiocytosis (Niemann-Pick's disease). Arch. Pathol. 6:827-59.
The formation of abscesses in an infection with bacterium monocytogenes. Arch. Pathol. 6:995-1007.
Tissue cultures of blood and blood-forming organs in relation to hematology. Folia Haematol. 36:440-48.
1929 Über die Monocytenfrage. Klin. Wochenschr. 8:1-8.
Obituary—Alexander Maximow. Z. Zellforsch. 8:801-5.
Development of elastic fibers in cultures of embryonic heart muscle. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 26:779.
Obituary—Alexander A. Maximow 1874-1928. Arch. Pathol. 7:312-14.
For A. A. Maximow posthumous publication. Über die Histogenese der entzundlichen Reaktion. Nachprufung der von Mollendorffschen Trypanblauversuche. Beitr. Pathol. Anat. Allgemein. Pathol. 82: 1-26.
For A. A. Maximow posthumous publication. Über die Entwicklung argyrophiler und kollagener Fasern in Kulturen von erwachsenem Saugetiergewebe. Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsch. 17:625-59.
Studies on fibers in tissue culture II. The development of elastic fibers in cultures of embryonic heart and aorta. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch. 9:6-13.
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1930 With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
Some relationships between the cells of the blood and of the connective tissues. Arch. Exp. Zellforsch. 11:145-56.
1931 With R. Buschbaum. Relative toxicity of antiseptics of bacteria and tissues in cultures. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 28:1060-64.
A new type of granular cell in the islets of Langerhans of man. Anat. Rec. 49:363-70.
Recent studies on the origin and interrelationships of the blood cells. Delivered at joint meeting of the Institute of Medicine of Chicago and the Chicago Society of Internal Medicine. Proc. Inst. Med. Chic. 8:322-29.
1932 Ergebnisse der Zuchtungsversuche von Blut und blutbildenden Organen. In Handbuch der Allgemeinen Hamatologie, eds. H. Hirschfeld and A. Hittmair, vol. 1, pp. 1179-1228. Berlin: Urban und Schwarzenberg.
Myelopoietic potency of fixed cells of the rabbit liver. Emanuel Libman Anniversary, vol. 1, pp. 199-207.
1934 With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
With W. H. Taliaferro. A note on the granular leucocytes of new world monkeys. Anitschow-Festschrft 27-30.
1935 With R. H. Sandstrom. Development of connective tissue fibers in epithelium-containing cultures. Anat. Rec. 64:75-83.
With C.G. Huff. A malarial parasite infecting all blood and blood-forming cells of birds. J. Infect. Dis. 57:315-36.
1936 With M. S. Kharasch and E. A. Conway. Some chemical factors influencing growth and pigmentation of certain microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 32:533-40.
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1937 With F. C. McLean. Mode of action of parathyroid extract on bone. Science 85:24.
Transformation of lymphocytes into granulocytes in vitro. Anat. Rec. 69:99-116.
Cellular differentiation and tissue culture. Physiol. Rev. 17:589-617.
1938 Tissue cultures of blood and blood-forming tissues. In Downey's Handbook of Hematology, pp. 1471-1585. New York: P. B. Hoeber.
Embryogenesis of mammalian blood. In Downey's Handbook of Hematology, pp. 865-922. New York: P. B. Hoeber.
Lymphocytes and monocytes: Theories of hematopoiesis. In Downey's Handbook of Hematology, pp. 375-435. New York: P. B. Hoeber.
Fibroblasts and macrophages. In Downey's Handbook of Hematology, pp. 1337-69. New York: P. B. Hoeber.
Lymphatic tissue: Lymphatic organs. In Downey's Handbook of Hematology, pp. 1429-67. New York: P. B. Hoeber.
With W. H. Taliaferro. Regeneration of the malarial spleen in the canary after infarction and after burning. J. Infect. Dis. 63:54-74.
With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
1940 Local and generalized defense reactions in animals. Am. Nat. 74:129-47.
With G. W. Bartelmez. Hematopoiesis in young human embryos. Am J. Anat. 67:21-44.
With F. C. McLean. Calcification and ossification. Calcification in normal growing bone. Anat. Rec. 78:333-53.
With M. A. Bloom, L. V. Domm, and F. C. McLean. Changes in avian bone due to injected estrogen and during the reproductive cycle. Anat. Rec. 78:249.
1941 With F. C. McLean. Calcification and ossification. Mobilization of bone salt by parathyroid extract. Arch. Pathol. 32:315-33.
With M. A. Bloom and F. C. McLean. Calcification and ossification. Medullary bone changes in the reproductive cycle of female pigeons. Anat. Rec. 81:443-66.
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With M. A. Bloom and F. C. McLean. Calcification and ossification. The formation of medullary bone in male and castrate pigeons under the influence of sex hormones. Anat. Rec. 83:99-120.
With L. V. Domm. Medullary bone formation in baby chicks following injection of Gonadogen. Anat. Rec. 81(4):19.
1942 With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
1945 Sections on "Hair" and "Histology" for the Encyclopedia Britannica.
With W. H. Taliaferro. Inflammatory reactions in the skin of normal and immune canaries and monkeys after the local injection of malarial blood. J. Infect. Dis. 77:109-38.
1947 With H. J. Curtis and F. C. McLean. The deposition of C14 in bone. Science 105:10.
With M. A. Bloom. The radiosensitivity of erythroblasts. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 32:654-59.
Histological changes following radiation exposures. Radiology 49: 344-47.
1948 With L. Jacobson. Some hematologic effects of irradiation. Blood 3:586-92.
With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
Editor. Histopathology of Irradiation from External and Internal Sources. National Nuclear Energy Series, vol. 22-I. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1949 With M. A. Bloom. Late effects of radium and plutonium on bone. Arch. Pathol. 47:494-511.
1950 With M. Heller and F. C. McLean. Cellular transformation in mam
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malian bones induced by parathyroid extract. Am. J. Anat. 87: 315-48.
1951 Resorption of bone. Proceedings of the Josiah Macy Foundation. Conference on Mineralized Tissues.
1952 With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
1953 With R. E. Zirkle. Irradiation of parts of individual cells. Science 117:487-93.
1954 With M. A. Bloom. Histological changes after irradiation. In Radiation Biology, ed. A. Hollaender, vol. 1, pp. 1091-1144.
With R. Uretz and R. E. Zirkle. Irradiation of parts of individual cells. II. Effects of an ultraviolet microbeam focused on parts of chromosomes. Science 120:197-99.
1955 With R. E. Zirkle and R. Uretz. Irradiation of parts of individual cells. III. Effects of chromosomal and extrachromosomal irradiation on chromosome movements. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 59:503-13.
With R. E. Zirkle. Mitosis of newt cells in tissue culture. Sixteen-millimeter motion picture, with intercalated and overlay titles, approximately 400 feet, black and white. Copies on deposit at Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, and with Tissue Culture Association.
1957 With A. A. Maximow. Textbook of Histology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
1958 With R. E. Zirkle and R. B. Uretz. Partial-cell irradiation and the location of stickiness in chromosomes . Radiat. Res. 9:206(abstract).
With M. A. Bloom, L. V. Domm, and A. V. Nalbandov. Medullary bone of laying chickens. Am. J. Anat. 102:411-53.
OCR for page 16
Biographical Memoirs: Volume 62
1959 Cellular responses. Rev. Mod. Phys. 31:21-29.
1960 Preparation of a selected cell for electron microscopy. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 7:191-94.
A note on osteogenesis by myeloid reticular cells. J. Infect. Dis. 107:11-14.
Changes in fine structure of parts of chromosomes after localized ultraviolet irradiation. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 90:353-56.
With A. V. Nalbandov and M. A. Bloom. Parathyroid enlargement in laying hens on a calcium-deficient diet. In Clinical Orthopedics, No. 17. New York: J. B. Lippincott Co.
The embryogenesis of lymphocytic tissue. In The Lymphocyte and Lymphocytic Tissue, ed. J. W. Rebuck, pp. 22-27. Paul B. Hoeber, Inc.
1962 With D. W. Fawcett. Textbook of Histology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
With R. J. Leider. Optical and electron microscopic changes in ultraviolet-irradiated chromosome segments. J. Cell Biol. 13:269301.
1963 Electron microscopy of chromosomal transformations in mitosis in salamanders. Science 140:379.
1965 With S. Ozarslan. Electron microscopy of ultraviolet irradiated parts of chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 53:1294-1302.
1968 With D. W. Fawcett. Textbook of Histology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
1970 Electron microscopy of chromosomal changes in ambystomal somatic cells during the mitotic cycle. Anat. Rec. 167:253-75.
OCR for page 16
Biographical Memoirs: Volume 62
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Join Listal to create lists, share images, get recommendations and much more
Tears Roll Down Greatest Hits 82-92
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Albums I can't live without
(45 items)list by Poetryandmusic Published 8 months, 3 weeks ago
Website: Amazon
Possibly the kitschiest band of the '80s (as Joy Division was for the '70s), Tears for Fears turned out a small treasury of well-crafted songs during their heyday and helped to define a genre that everybody recognizes, but nobody can name. "John Hughes movie pop" comes close, but somebody should find something more apt. Tea
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Manufacturer: Polygram Int'l
Release date: 30 March 1998 Number of discs: 1 EAN: 0731451093920 UPC: 731451093920 Join Listal to add your own lists, reviews,
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Finding Hope
Credits & Info
- Date
- 03/24/2012
- File Info
- Song
- 5 min 0 sec
- Score
- 4.23 / 5.00
Licensing Terms
- Attribution:
- You must give credit to the artist.
- Noncommercial:
- You may not use this work for commercial purposes unless you make specific arrangements with the artist.
- Share Alike:
- If you alter, transform, or build upon this image, you may distribute the resulting creation only under a license identical to this one.
- Score:
- Rated 4.23 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 1,002 Plays | 86 Downloads
- Share Links:
- Genres:
- Electronic - Dance
- find
- light
- beat
- hope
Author Comments
After several attempts at making songs that ended up going south, I finally found one that made it all the way through. Thankfully. :P
BTW it's my first attempt at mastering
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I cant say it any better so copy paste.
Don't know how this stayed off all time best...
It's that good.
I completely love the tone, the uplifting beats mixed with joyous notes.
Just one of those few perfect songs you find after a while on Newgrounds.
Just one of those songs you close your eyes and feel inside you.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Don't know how this stayed off all time best...
It's that good.
I completely love the tone, the uplifting beats mixed with joyous notes.
Just one of those few perfect songs you find after a while on Newgrounds.
Just one of those songs you close your eyes and feel inside you.
Thank you so much. ^_^
Rated 5 / 5 stars
@Lordboy, you do not know much about music do you? Flat means: pitch is to low. And that is in for singing terms. I disagree with Lordboy54, A lot of dance artists does there basses with the kick. Instead of making it an off beat. Very nice track! I voted 5. =) And I noticed the bass 100%. And don't say I don't know anything about music, because I was on the top weekly.
Rated 3 / 5 stars
Sounds way to flat, try to work more on your EQ and maybe use some compress?
Everything else was quite good tough, however, as i said, way to flat, you barely notice the bass at all.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
really happy and upbeat I love it! haha
Im not the greatest at mastering, but I'll give my opinion on it maybe you'll find something useful =P
It sounds really bright and clear. but maybe tone it down just a bit with the high end, i listened on some pretty flat response speakers and the high ends were really ear piercing around 3:55 is a good example. Also, the cymbals had the same problem. Again really clear and I can distinguish between parts of the mix but it just seemed the high end was a bit intense. Other than that I see no problems, the kick is incredibly subby, punchy and powerful and gives the song some nice energy!
and that that bass around 1:55 was outstanding XD so overall 5/5, loved it!
Thank you! Yeah, I kind of thought the same thing about the high end. Guess I should have toned that down a bit. lol but at least now I'll know to watch out for it.


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The Pessoa Heritage Pro XCH saddle offers unprecedented comfort for both horse and rider. Large padded flaps in a unique and durable leather feel instantly broken-in. Available with four flap rotations, this leather saddle is built on the XCH adjustable tree and has AMS® panels with high-quality synthetic wool flocking.
The Steffen's Advantage Smooth Single Flap Dressage Saddle from Custom Saddlery has a unique design that eliminates the sweat flap for tremendous feel. This deep-seated dressage saddle has molded knee flaps that support but don't restrict your position and generous, anatomically-shaped knee rolls that softly guide your leg. It has a wide channel, open pommel and wool-flocked panels.
The Circuit Premier XD Saddle features the deepest seat in the Circuit Premier line. Ideal for riders seeking a secure feel, the Premier XD has covered leather flaps with a forward flap rotation and large soft knee pads. Subtle padding at the back of the flaps and front and rear triangle blocks provide added thigh support. Wide channel and laser cut foam panels.
The Stubben Zaria Optimum with Biomex seat provides a close contact feel and exceptional comfort. This monoflap cross-country saddle is built on Stubben's polymer spring tree and fitted with multi-layered comfort panels that combine wool with foam. The Freedom flex forward panel design allows the horse full mobility and shoulder comfort.
Luxury and innovation reach new heights in this Bates Innova Mono+ Dressage Saddle. Designed for horse and rider comfort and a close contact feel, it has an smart monoflap design, ultra-thin CAIR® panels, Y-girth system and the EASY-CHANGE™ Fit Solution. It's made of soft Opulence European leather, with a deep seat, FlexiContourblocs® and ergonomic stirrup bars.
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The Wolfgang Solo Dressage Saddle from Custom Saddlery is available with either long or short blocks. It pairs has extra supple cowhide on the skirts and flaps with extra grippy tactile cowhide on the seat and knee rolls. It's built on an anatomically-shaped wood spring tree with 100% wool flocked panels.
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The flatter-seated style on the Circuit Premier Special EQ saddle is well suited for hunter and equitation disciplines. An extremely narrow twist and integrated panel design combined with the saddle's balance point, allows riders to move freely without forcing any one leg or seat position. Comes pre-oiled with signature nail heads and ivory accent stitching and carries a lifetime tree warranty. A complimentary saddle cover is included.
Correctly balanced, the Circuit Elite has a narrow twist and a slightly deeper, slightly wider seat. Premium French hides are used for a luxurious feel and short break-in time. Beautifully detailed with enameled nail heads, cantle overlay, English-style black edging and self-colored channel stitching. The steel-reinforced spring tree carries a lifetime warranty.


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Contents of 1998 Emergency Medical Technician - Intermediate: National Standard Curriculum
This is the 1998 release of the Emergency Medical Technician-Intermediate: National Standard Curriculum. It contains the Course Guide and Instructor Modules . It is designed for instructors to assist in teaching the new EMT- Intermediate course. The contents of these files are identical to the printed version which will be available soon. This is the official US DOT National Standard Curriculum; however, your state may not have implemented or approved this program for instruction at this time. Please contact your State EMS office for approval prior to initiating instruction of this course. |
Appendix A: Description of Profession
Appendix D: Affective Evaluations
Blank Behavior Evaluation
Sample Evaluation 1
Sample Evaluation 2
Sample Evaluation 3
Blank Behavior Counseling Record
Sample Record 1
Sample Record 2
Appendix E: Psychomotor Skills Evaluation
Appendix F: Objectives Summary
Module I: PREPARATORY
Module II: AIRWAY
Module III: PATIENT ASSESSMENT
Module IV: TRAUMA
Module V: MEDICAL
Poisoning/Overdose Emergencies 5
Module VI: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Module VII: ASSESSMENT BASED MANAGEMENT


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Charlotte Blacker's 'The Little Red Plane' and more
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Charlotte Blacker's 'The Little Red Plane' and moreCharlotte Blacker is a stop motion animator that specializes in knitted sets and characters. She have recently won a Royal Television Society Award in 2011 for her graduate film 'The Little Red Plane' which you can see here...
She also recently finished another knitted animation, this one A music video for pre-schoolers for singer/ songwriter Chris Ballew aka Caspar Babypants, who is also of the band "Presidents of The United States of America". Charlotte and her team were given just 2 months to knit, build and film eight bears. Here's the result... Bravo, Charlotte! Find out more about Charlotte Blacker at her website... http://www.charlotteblacker.com
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- A Frugal Chick - http://www.afrugalchick.com -
Buy 2 Smuckers Natural Peanut Butter Get a $10 Dick's Sporting Goods Gift Card
Posted By Laura On January 10, 2011 @ 7:16 pm In Rebates | Comments Disabled
Tonight at my local Food Lion I saw a Smart Source dispenser with what looked like recipes down by the Smuckers All Natual Peanut Butter.
I was pleased to find it is actually a rebate form! Buy 2 jars of Smuckers Natural Peanut Butter – and submit Mail In Rebate form along with dated cash register receipts with price circled by 2-11-11. In return you get a $10 Dicks Sporting Goods Gift Card!
I love rebates for All Natural Products and the cost of each jar is MUCH less than $5 so this is a good deal if you need anything from Dick's Sporting Goods.
I can't seem to find this rebate form online, so keep an eye out at your local grocery store!
Article printed from A Frugal Chick: http://www.afrugalchick.com
URL to article: http://www.afrugalchick.com/buy-2-smuckers-natural-peanut-butter-get-a-10-dicks-sporting-goods-gift-card/
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People gathered in more than 100 cities across the nation on Saturday—one week after George Zimmerman was acquitted—demanding "Justice for Trayvon." But as MRC's Dan Joseph discovered, no one at the Washington, D.C. rally was demanding justice for the countless victims of gang violence who go unnoticed by the public on a daily basis. .
Ryan Bomberger over at the Radiance Foundation drives Joseph's point home (emphasis mine):
According to the FBI, a larger percentage of white victims of firearm homicide are killed by black offenders (14%) than black victims killed by white offenders (7.2%). That's twice the murder rate. To add further clarity, 91% of the 2,695 black victims of firearm homicide in 2011 were killed by other blacks—91%. Yet somehow, Trayvon's death is exalted as representing racism and "gun control" failure in our country. Hoodies popped up everywhere in a visceral reaction to an exploited case that doesn't reflect reality.
Who was willing to riot for the other 11,078 homicides, where the overwhelming majority of offenders were black? Which media outlet demanded justice for those killed by black assailants who were responsible for 37.7% of all homicides (whites were responsible for 32.5%)? The CDC reports the rate of firearm deaths among whites, in 2010, was 1.93 per 100,000 people. Among blacks, this was 10.5 times higher, at 20.35 per 100,000. Who is mourning this black-on-black violence with a March, press conference, new rap single, or moments of silence at concerts?
As Katie reported this morning, six people were killed and another 23 were wounded in shootings across Chicago over the weekend but it seems Al Sharpton and other civil rights "leaders" are too busy stoking racial resentment to protest black-on-black violence.
Leah Barkoukis is the online features editor and web editor at Townhall.com.
Author Photo credit: Jensen Sutta Photography
Due to the overwhelming enthusiasm of our readers it has become necessary to transfer our commenting system to a more scalable system in order handle the content.


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As a veteran, a current active duty member, or a dependent of military, you may be entitled to VA benefits, tuition reductions, or tuition assistance programs while enrolled at the UW.
One of the first things you will want to do upon your arrival to the UW campus is apply to receive your VA education benefits. The VA certifying officials are located in the Veterans Center and they are a great resource to guide you through the complex process of receiving your benefits – from answering questions about the various education benefits, the application and certification process, and advocating on your behalf with the VA. If your education benefits are going to be delayed, the Veterans Center staff will work with you to avoid late fees or registration holds and provide options for financial support during the delay.
The VA's website is also a great starting point and resource for determining what VA educational benefit is best for you and how to apply for it! check out the Road Map for Success guide on the VA's website.
As a Veteran you may also qualify for tuition assistance through one of the state waiver programs. If eligible, these state waivers can supplement your VA education benefit by paying the portion of tuition that is not covered by the VA. Even if you have exhausted your VA benefits, you may still qualify for a state tuition waiver of up to 50%.
Also, when you visit the Veterans Center, be sure you speak with our financial aid counselor who can assist you with applying for other various Federal, State, and institutional financial aid programs.
If you have questions along the way, please contact the Veterans Center – we are here for you.


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ARTS & DRAMA Masterpiece
A production ofRecent Episodes
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 6
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 6
Harry and Victor spiral deeper into despair. Serge and Violette fly high after a crash.
Wolf Hall: Episode 5
Wolf Hall: Episode 5
With Anne pregnant again and away from court, Henry begins to take notice of Jane Seymour.
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 5
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 5
Gordon's debut as store deputy skirts scandal. Kitty confronts her attackers. Doris wrestles with a dilemma, then takes a tragic step.
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 4
Mr. Selfridge: Season 3, Episode 4
Learn what happens when Locksley makes a surprise move and Princess Marie, too, makes a move.
Wolf Hall: Episode 3
Wolf Hall: Episode 3
See why Cromwell's enemies keep a close watch on him after Henry's marriage to Anne.
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Part 1 of 2. "Return to Cranford," the "Masterpiece Classic" season premiere, features the further adventures of "Cranford" characters, including Miss Matty (Judi Dench), who finds herself in a confrontation with the railroad.
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Upper Royce Lake, Pk 12,470 from Royce/Feather Col | [ Sizes: Orig | Med | Small | Thumb ] | |||
Looking down the Royce-Feather Couloir at Upper Royce Lake and Pk 12,470 (upper right of photo) from the Royce/Feather Col. From here, one can continue to the summit of Feather Peak via the Southwest Chute route. Photo taken Sept 2007. | Image Data
Image ID: 343114 Hits: 786 Lat/Lon: 37.32600°N / 118.777°W Object Title: Upper Royce Lake, Pk 12,470 from Royce/Feather Col Image Type(s): Scenery |


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Reviews by CherryBlossomMJ
Read CherryBlossomMJ's Blog Follow CherryBlossomMJ on Twitter
A Plague of Unicorns
On 4/9 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Jane Yolen is one of those picture books authors that stands out to me as always having an interest concept and displays it in an almost poetic tone. Apparently it is not news that she also writes chapter books, but I didn't realize that until I got my hands on a review copy of A Plague of Unicorns through ... A Plague of Unicorns by Jane Yolen
You'll Get Through This
On 1/11 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: I've highlighted so much and flopped all around my Bible underlining and making notes already. Usually outside of theological texts I'm not much of a non-fiction person, but surprisingly, all of the sudden several have caught my eye and watching a similar theme wrap them in places just shows how God ... You'll Get Through This by Max Lucado
A Vision of Lucy
On 3/2 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: I really enjoy Margaret Brownley's writing. It's refreshing and whitty. The characters have such personality and jump right off the page. I loved both the heroine and hero from the first introduction. Reading about photography in times past is really neat. Lucy believed that a camera could see things ... A Vision of Lucy by Margaret Brownley
Captured by Grace (Trade Paper)
On 6/10 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Two names that are practically synonymous with "grace" are John Newton (penned the song Amazing Grace) and Paul (formerly known as Saul from the Bible). It is these two personalities that author David Jeremiah takes a closer look at bringing them to life to the reader to learn from their own mistakes and fortunes. ... Captured by Grace by David Jeremiah
The Sweet By and By
On 11/5 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Rachel Hauck is a favorite author and I absolutely love her Sweet Caroline and Love Starts with Elle, however this book I do not love. I like this book and it is interesting and entertaining, but it is not quite my cup of tea. I could not really relate to the characters personally and it made it hard ... Not my cup of tea
Love on a Dime
On 11/5 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: As a new author to me Cara Lynn James is definitely an author that I will look for in the future. This fun first in a series is new from Thomas Nelson and is a very romantic historical fiction read. It takes place in Rhode Island and New York during a Golden Era and reading about the clothing and summer ... Golden Era Romance
Driftwood Lane
On 11/5 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: The latest and last addition from the Nantucket series from author Denise Hunter was released from Thomas Nelson. Although this is not the first time that I have heard of Denise, this is the first opportunity I have had to read one of her novels and the first thing that I can say is that I'm sorry that ... A Contemporary I can Love
Dining with Joy
On 11/5 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: I am in complete love with Rachel's Low Country Romance series. These novels are calm yet romantically tense. The characters are real and quirky and the heroes are heart beating hunks on the page. I thoroughly enjoyed Sweet Caroline, and Love Starts with Elle remains one of my favorite contemporary Christian ... Another Romantic Sigh
The Voice New Testament
On 7/10 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Every time I pick up my copy of The Voice New Testament I uncover something new and enlightening. It seems that passages of the Bible that I have read many times over are brought down to me in a conversational tone. This is a daily reading Bible for me, and one that I keep in my Bible bag to reference ... The Voice New Testament
Mom's Bible: God's Wisdom for Mothers
On 3/24 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: NCV Mom's Bible: God's Wisdom for Mothers by Bobbie WolgemuthMom's Bible: God's Wisdom for Mothers gives women an awareness of just how precious and vital they are in God's plan for the family. Available in the New Century Version and drawing on solid Bible teaching, it encourages women at every ... NCV Mom's Bible -- Review
God's Little Princess Devotional Bible
On 1/22 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: God's Little Princess Devotional Bible: Bible Storybook by Sheila WalshGirls long to be loved and adored, and give their heart to their hero. God is that hero! The characteristics focused on in this Bible storybook will help your little girl blossom into the princess she was created to be. Virtues to ... God's Little Princess Devotional Bible by Sheila Walsh - Review
His Name is Jesus
On 12/7 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: This is a delightful book following the time line of Christ's life. I've enjoyed many different types of books from Max Lucado in the past and this is no exception. At first I thought this was more of a coffee table book, but after having the opportunity to enjoy it myself - it is so much more. This ... His Name is Jesus by Max Lucado
Word of Promise Next Generation New Testament MP3 Set
On 3/18 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Holy Bible: Word of Promise Next Generation - New Testament: Dramatized Audio Bible Now the entire New Testament is ready for the Wired Generation. Today's youth ingest media at a faster rate than any previous generation. And they can't get enough! The Word of Promise: Next Generation - New Testament ... Word of Promise Next Generation - New Testament
Moon Shines Down
On 11/27 CherryBlossomMJ wrote: Reading level: Ages 4-8Hardcover: 48 pagesPublisher: Thomas Nelson (November 4, 2008)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 140031299XISBN-13: 978-1400312993 Product Dimensions: 11 x 8.8 x 0.5 inches For more information, click here to go to the Thomas Nelson product page. The Moon Shines Down by Margaret ... The Moon Shines Down by Margaret Wise Brown and Linda Beck


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CPS Audit An independent audit of Sac County's Child Protective Services was just released. Today on Insight, we'll talk about the problems found at CPS and what local leaders plan to do about it.
Marcos Breton We check in with Sacramento Bee columnist Marcos Breton about local, regional and state issues.
Harlan Coben Best-selling mystery author Harlan Coben is speaking this week in Sacramento. You'll meet the author and hear about his latest book starring the sports and entertainment agent Myron Bolitar. "Long Lost" is the ninth book in Coben's popular mystery series.
Harlan Coben will sign books as part of the Sacramento Bee Book Club at 6 p.m. Thursday, April 2nd at Borders, 2339 Fair Oaks Blvd., Sacramento. Information: (916) 564-0168.
Insight was not heard on Tuesday, March 31st.
Sacramento Bee Reporter
Principal; State and Local Government, MGT of America, Inc.
Vice Chair, Sacramento County Board of Supervisors
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USTET Results 2012, University Of Santo Tomas Entrance Test Results 2012
USTET Results 2012
Good news, the University of Santo Tomas (UST) Office for Admissions had officially released the results of the USTET 2012.
USTET Results 2012
Examinees can now view the results for the University of Santo Tomas Entrance Test for the school year 2012-2013. Since the University of Santo Tomas did not released the result in a list manner, we will direct you to the official website of UST.
On the result's page, you will need to enter your Application Number and your Lastname then click on the Submit button as shown on the image below.
However, since the UST did not release the USTET Results list, the website has been experiencing down times as applicants are all trying to access the results page at the same time.
We, the keywordspeak.com team wants to congratulate the USTET 2012 passers, Congratulations !


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Obama operatives and willing members of the media are making a big issue of the fact that Mitt Romney hasn't made public more than his most recent tax returns. This is pushing a campaign theme of theirs that Romney is super rich, with his offshore bank accounts and car elevators. They are trying to portray the President as some working class guy who understands you, and Romney is some rich guy who can't relate. This argument should be revealed as the fraud that it is.
The President has an estimated net worth of roughly $10.5 million, while Mitt Romney's wealth is over $200 million. The administration puts out proposals which treat anyone who earns $250,000 is the same as Warren Buffet. The same majority of Americans who lump these two groups together would probably consider both candidates rich. This information needs to be part of the public debate. The Obama campaign would be forced to argue that our guy is just rich, their guy is super rich. This distinction without a difference, in the eyes of most voters, should be exploited by the Romney campaign.
Mr. Romney has been running for president for 6 years, and the cat is out of the bag in terms of his wealth. Having run for this long, he should also be prepared to release at least that many years of returns. He should accompany this release of information with a speech that addresses the issue. Leaking to the press what the speech is about should even get liberal media outlets to cover it. MSNBC headline… "Up next…Mitt Romney comes clean on his wealth."
During the speech he should confirm the rumor that he is rich. He should repeatedly refer to the president and himself as "members of a fortunate group of Americans, part of the 1%, two of a kind, etc." He should make it clear that Americans like himself and the President, have a special obligation to give something back to the country that has made each of them members of the top 1%. The speech should then be capped off by a promise that he will donate his entire salary when he becomes President to charity. To go further, he should suggest that when he is convinced that taxpayer money is being spent wisely, and without waste, he will donate his salary to paying down the national debt.
This should accomplish a few things, all of them good.
It is proper to concentrate on the economy, but sidetrack issues must be addressed as well. There are so many false and misleading statements that are put out by the Obama campaign, which are easy to turn against them. For Mr. Romney to be successful he must respond, and turn these issues to his advantage.


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Poisson regression
Regression analysis |
Models |
Estimation |
Background |
In statistics, Poisson regression is a form of regression analysis used to model count data and contingency tables. Poisson regression assumes the response variable Y has a Poisson distribution, and assumes the logarithm of its expected value can be modeled by a linear combination of unknown parameters. A Poisson regression model is sometimes known as a log-linear model, especially when used to model contingency tables.
Poisson regression models are generalized linear models with the logarithm as the (canonical) link function, and the Poisson distribution function as the assumed probability distribution of the response.
Regression models[edit]
If is a vector of independent variables, then the model takes the form
where and . Sometimes this is written more compactly as
where x is now an (n + 1)-dimensional vector consisting of n independent variables concatenated to a vector of ones. Here θ is simply α concatenated to β.
Thus, when given a Poisson regression model θ and an input vector x, the predicted mean of the associated Poisson distribution is given by
If Yi are independent observations with corresponding values xi of the predictor variables, then θ can be estimated by maximum likelihood. The maximum-likelihood estimates lack a closed-form expression and must be found by numerical methods. The probability surface for maximum-likelihood Poisson regression is always concave, making Newton–Raphson or other gradient-based methods appropriate estimation techniques.
Maximum likelihood-based parameter estimation[edit]
Given a set of parameters θ and an input vector x, the mean of the predicted Poisson distribution, as stated above, is given by
- ,
and thus, the Poisson distribution's probability mass function is given by
Now suppose we are given a data set consisting of m vectors , along with a set of m values . Then, for a given set of parameters θ, the probability of attaining this particular set of data is given by
By the method of maximum likelihood, we wish to find the set of parameters θ that makes this probability as large as possible. To do this, the equation is first rewritten as a likelihood function in terms of θ:
- .
Note that the expression on the right hand side has not actually changed. A formula in this form is typically difficult to work with; instead, one uses the log-likelihood:
- .
Notice that the parameters θ only appear in the first two terms of each term in the summation. Therefore, given that we are only interested in finding the best value for θ we may drop the yi! and simply write
- .
To find a maximum, we need to solve an equation which has no closed-form solution. However, the negative log-likelihood, , is a convex function, and so standard convex optimization techniques such as gradient descent can be applied to find the optimal value of θ.
Poisson regression in practice[edit]
Poisson regression may be appropriate when the dependent variable is a count, for instance of events such as the arrival of a telephone call at a call centre.[1] The events must be independent in the sense that the arrival of one call will not make another more or less likely, but the probability per unit time of events is understood to be related to covariates such as time of day.
"Exposure" and offset[edit]
Poisson regression may also be appropriate for rate data, where the rate is a count of events occurring to a particular unit of observation, divided by some measure of that unit's exposure. For example, biologists may count the number of tree species in a forest, and the rate would be the number of species per square kilometre. Demographers may model death rates in geographic areas as the count of deaths divided by person−years. More generally, event rates can be calculated as events per unit time, which allows the observation window to vary for each unit. In these examples, exposure is respectively unit area, person−years and unit time. In Poisson regression this is handled as an offset, where the exposure variable enters on the right-hand side of the equation, but with a parameter estimate (for log(exposure)) constrained to 1.
which implies
Offset in the case of a GLM in R can be achieved using the offset() function:
glm(y ~ offset(log(exposure)) + x, family=poisson(link=log) )
Overdispersion and zero inflation[edit]
A characteristic of the Poisson distribution is that its mean is equal to its variance. In certain circumstances, it will be found that the observed variance is greater than the mean; this is known as overdispersion and indicates that the model is not appropriate. A common reason is the omission of relevant explanatory variables, or dependent observations. Under some circumstances, the problem of overdispersion can be solved by using quasi-likelihood estimation or a negative binomial distribution instead.[2][3]
Another common problem with Poisson regression is excess zeros: if there are two processes at work, one determining whether there are zero events or any events, and a Poisson process determining how many events there are, there will be more zeros than a Poisson regression would predict. An example would be the distribution of cigarettes smoked in an hour by members of a group where some individuals are non-smokers.
Other generalized linear models such as the negative binomial model or zero-inflated model may function better in these cases.
Use in survival analysis[edit]
Poisson regression creates proportional hazards models, one class of survival analysis: see proportional hazards models for descriptions of Cox models.
Regularized Poisson regression[edit]
When estimating the parameters for Poisson regression, one typically tries to find values for θ that maximize the likelihood of an expression of the form
where m is the number of examples in the data set, and is the probability mass function of the Poisson distribution with the mean set to . Regularization can be added to this optimization problem by instead maximizing
for some positive constant . This technique, similar to ridge regression, can reduce overfitting.
Some statistics packages include implementations of Poisson regression.
- GenStat: Poisson regression is a standard option of the regression section, using the "MODEL", "FIT" and associated commands; it is also available in the "Stats > Regression Analysis > Generalized Linear Models" menu.
- MATLAB Statistics Toolbox: Poisson regression can be performed using the "glmfit" and "glmval" functions.[4]
- Microsoft Excel: Excel is not capable of doing Poisson regression by default. One of the Excel Add-ins for Poisson regression is XPost
- mPlus: mPlus allows for Poisson regression using the command COUNT IS when specifying the data
- R: The function for fitting a generalized linear model in R is glm(), and can be used for Poisson Regression
- SAS: Poisson regression in SAS is done by using GENMOD, HPGENSELECT, COUNTREG, GLIMMIX, and NLMIXED
- SPSS: In SPSS, Poisson regression is done by using the GENLIN command
- Stata: Stata has a procedure for Poisson regression named
,[5] and for panel dataxtpoisson
.[6] - CrimeStat: CrimeStat has Poisson, Poisson NB1, Poisson-Gamma(negative binomial), and Poisson-Lognormal regression models.
See also[edit]
- ^ Greene, William H. (2003). Econometric Analysis (Fifth ed.). Prentice-Hall. pp. 740–752. ISBN 0130661899.
- ^ Paternoster R, Brame R (1997). "Multiple routes to delinquency? A test of developmental and general theories of crime". Criminology 35: 45–84. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1997.tb00870.x.
- ^ Berk R, MacDonald J (2008). "Overdispersion and Poisson regression". Journal of Quantitative Criminology 24 (3): 269–284. doi:10.1007/s10940-008-9048-4.
- ^ http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/stats/glmfit.html
- ^ Poisson regression
- ^ Fixed-effects, random-effects, and population-averaged Poisson models
Further reading[edit]
- Cameron, A. C.; Trivedi, P. K. (1998). Regression analysis of count data. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63201-3.
- Christensen, Ronald (1997). Log-linear models and logistic regression. Springer Texts in Statistics (Second ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. xvi+483. ISBN 0-387-98247-7. MR 1633357.
- Greene, William H. (2008). "Models for Event Counts and Duration". Econometric Analysis (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. pp. 906–944. ISBN 978-0-13-600383-0.
- Hilbe, J. M. (2007). Negative Binomial Regression. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85772-7.


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The 2014 edition of Marlowe Studies: An Annual was published in the fall of 2014. The 2011, 2012, and 2013 issues are also available.
For the 2015 edition, we are actively seeking contributions on scholarly topics directly related to the author and his role in the literary culture of his time. Especially welcome are studies of the plays and poetry; their sources; relations to genre; lines of influence; classical, medieval, and continental contexts; performance and theater history; textual studies; the author's professional milieu and place in early modern English poetry, drama, and culture. Marlowe Studies prefers essays that present well-focused arguments. We do not consider unrevised conference papers or dissertation chapters, material submitted elsewhere simultaneously or previously published, or articles on the authorship "controversy" in popular culture (i.e., that Marlowe wrote Shakespeare, or vice versa). Although a shorter article is not unwelcome, we do not publish notes or book reviews.
Marlowe Studies: An Annual in the News:
The Chronicle of Higher Education blog featuring Marlowe Studies: An Annual
IU Hompages features Marlowe Studies: An Annual in their July 2011 issue


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I'm participating in the 52 Ancestors Challenge in Ahnentafel order, and week nine is about one of my paternal great-grandmothers. I know I'm behind but I don't even know how far - one week or two? I went on vacation and I'm all mixed up.
Sally Ruth Evans was born 17 August 1902 in Hart County, Georgia to John H Evans and Leila F Craft. She was only eight years old when her father died, and 10 when her mother married James W Brown. From the 1940 census, it appears that she attended school only through the 7th grade. When she was 16 she married Bennie E Craft, and at 17 gave birth to her first of nine children.
My Great-Grandmother is one of those cases where an ancestor's name is constantly in flux. Sometimes she's recorded as Sallie or Sally, sometimes as Ruth. As a child and a young wife, the census listed her as Sallie. It seems like the older she got, the more likely she would be recorded as Ruth. Later in life she often appeared as Sally Ruth. When I asked my dad, he said she was Ruth. I don't know if it's a case of going by her middle name but giving her legal name, or what. It's just confusing though.
She was the only great-grandparent still living when I was born and I have a vague recollection of meeting her once at a family reunion. I don't remember much, just the image of an elderly lady in a wheelchair coming down the isle between picnic tables.
She died 20 June 1999 in Hart County, Georgia, and was buried with her husband at the Rock Branch Baptist Church in Elbert County, Georgia.


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Hey there. After a long break of creating new Videos I can finally say: It's time! This is my first Video about the Twilight saga. The Mainidea was to create a Video about the Friendship of Bella and Jake wich even death can't stop.
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[Guest post by Rachel Morris.] st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Katha Pollitt argued in Slate this weekend that we should stop griping about the lack of female writers and instead start griping about the lack of female editors. It's a smart point. Editors assign stories. Not all women editors care about closing the byline gap, but many do. So, if more women were editors then over time more female bylines would follow.
But then comes the not-so-smart point:
At the New Republic, of the top 12 editors, only two are women (and one of these two is the executive editor, which sounds suspiciously like a managing editor). The list of 41 contributing editors, who are basically those writers who belong to the magazine's inner circle, includes only four women, only one of whom is under 60.
As anyone who has worked at a magazine knows, mastheads are like hieroglyphics; you practically need a Rosetta Stone to decipher one. Most mastheads are a jumble of former staffers who haven't filed a piece in years, big names who rarely show up at the office, and a handful of people who actually do all the work. Titles also mean wildly different things depending on the publication. At the New Republic, for instance, senior editors on the front of the magazine and contributing editors don't edit; they write. Pollitt's right that both those categories are heavily dominated by men, and that's not good. But her piece was specifically looking at the people who actually edit, and in that area TNR isn't bad: Of seven people on staff who assign and edit stories, three are women. It's not quite 50 percent, but it's a lot better than two out of 12.
One of those women, by the way, is me. Yes, I'm the person whose title Pollitt thinks "sounds suspiciously like a managing editor" (that is, someone who runs the production process)--which is, she explains, "a position with lots of work and not much power." But, no, I commission articles and edit them, a fact that could have been checked with a quick phone call. Given Pollitt's genuine concern about the lack of women in senior editorial positions, it seems, well, counterproductive for her to assume that if a woman does appear high up on a masthead, her job just can't be all that important.


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Wednesday, February 25, 2009
For those of you who don't already know, lmop and also small magazine have released recent issues. I always love paging through those. I see some favorite etsy sellers on small's 'Spring Dreams' spread! Also Living Creatively is always worth a troll-through.
Misc. Item 2
I recently saw a really great movie you may have never heard of. Penelope, starring Christina Ricci. Quirky. Loved it. Also Michael and I saw Coraline, and I was truly wowed by all the crazy handcraft and amazing stop-motion animation (the garden scene!). I think the story is pretty dark though, not for little'uns. And of course the dedicated homemaker is revealed to be Evil Demon Lady. That agenda is becoming a bit frayed at the edges, methinks.
Misc. Item 3
If you are looking to blow ten minutes or so, you can participate in this meme that Allsorts posted about recently and it is quite amusing. Google the term 'unfortunately, _____' with your first name substituted for the blank and see what amusing and/or perplexing statements appear. And share it with me, if you like!
A couple of my results:
"Unfortunately Larissa was at the centre of another embarrassing episode for Cipriani, as it was later revealed after their liaison, she was actually born a man."
"Unfortunately, Larissa was observed at superior conjunction in the first set and inferior conjunction in the second set." (which becomes a bit clearer when you find out that Larissa referred to here is actually one of Neptune's moons).
Misc. Item 4
I am reading yet another Terry Pratchett fictional work of genius, Making Money. I recently finished the previous book, Going Postal. How can you not love a character who has a name like Moist Von Lipwig?
Misc. Item 5
I'm becoming a Great Aunt in about 8 mos. (Erin! eeeee!) I guess I should start the search now for a somber high-necked dress, a lap dog named Tricky Woo and a fussy tea set.
Misc. Item 6
And lastly, an observation about my two daughters that may or may not have future meaning. Four year old's request for breakfast this morning: "Bowl of cheewios, pwease."
Six year old wanders in. Her request for breakfast: "I'd like some chocolate milk. In the red cup. You know that soft bread I had yesterday? No, that soft bread? (pointing) This stuff. Ok. I want this bread toasted with butter on it and also with honey. And I want it made so it's like a sandwich. And also I would like some scrambled eggs." Then as an afterthought, "Please."
(Guess which one takes after me?)
18 comments:
We also loved Penelope at our house. We are looking forward to seeing Coraline, but i agree about the "evil" housewife image. i will point out that that image ( more crazy, less evil) will become useful once your little girls become teens with boys hanging around. I don't care if they think i'm insane, just don't mess with my daughters. If you can"t fight it, work with it. I really liked the misc ramblings, You feel like someone I've know a long while.
ReplyDeleteI loved both Coraline and Penelope...oh here are some examples of "unfortunately, me....
oh, again....I've linked you on my blog...
Unfortunately, Hilary's husband was an agressive and arrogant boor.
Unfortunately, Hilary has been fighting this battle as a man.
Unfortunately Hilary can rarely take botanical commissions at the moment due to time pressures.
Unfortunately, Hilary's summer fruit roulade was not the winning formula, but she still had an thoroughly enjoyable day.
maybe I'm cheating because my name's Hilary and there are quite a few famous Hilary's"Unfortunately, Kim is a talented person but sleeping around in this industry is only going to defame her reputation."
"Unfortunately Kim is something we seem to have to tolerate on this site..."
Unfortunately, I share a name with Lil' Kim & Kim Il Jong! Have a great day! Kim (aka Mama King)"Unfortunately, Robyn focuses a little bit too much on herself..." Sigh.
Loved Penelope, missed the dedicated homemaker = evil demon reference in Coraline (cool movie, though - but what's up with those pasties? Ugh).
Congrats to Erin!
Oh, and Abby = mini-You, for sure. And me, too, for that matter. :) We're not HM, we just have discriminating taste.Larissa, my husband did the cleaning gun thing. Our girls don't date, it's a modified "courting"( our house, or his house with parents,or group activities). when our oldest had a suitor, he had to come for dinner, have a talk with my husband( his character, walk with the Lord, family , etc... were discussed). The guns definitely came out. You are in for fun.
ReplyDeleteHi Larissa!
I'm hoping to go to the movies to watch Coraline too.. I hope we can go this week!
About LMNOP, I love it too!
Specially now, with the baby coming, it is full withh great ideas and eyecandy images... =)
And about your kids... ahahahahah! That was hillarious!! ^^
Finally, about the Allsorts game:
I could find only one sentence.
That's fine, because I thought I would find none, as my name is in portuguese.. So here it goes:
"Unfortunately thalita doesn't seem to have found the time to write anything by way of an introduction yet, but hopefully that will soon change"
Kisses from Rio!!I agree 100 percent about Coraline not being for young children except for my daughter (she is almost 4)...her favorite movies include Nightmare Before Christmas and Corpse Bride...so naturally I took her to see Coraline and she LOVED it. She is a bit odd that way!
I have seen Penelope and thought it was a perfectly lovely little movie...two thumbs up for that one!I love Penelope! I own it, and it is definitely one of my favourites. I've been wanting to see Coraline, I'll have to do that soon.
I've been reading your blog for awhile, but have never commented, and I just want to say that I love it. I have you linked from my blog.
"Unfortunately Kaye could not prevent both bikes from going over and she was pinned between the bikes." (scary!)
"Unfortunately, Kaye could not resist turning Brando's lessons into the Tony Kaye show." (Tony Kaye directed American History X)
"Unfortunately Kaye is responsible for this with the outrageous claims in the first place." (Probably)
I was hoping for a Danny Kaye "unfortunately", but it didn't happen. Oh well!#1: I used to love magazines, now I read blogs
#2: Going to see Coraline tomorrow! YAY!
#3: Fortunately for this Sarah, some other Sarah did this a few days ago, and aside from her blog showing up second all the posts were the same
#4: I love Terry Prachett, and my husband, for whom I originally bought the books because they are a combination of many things he loves, doesn't understand how I can make it through them!
#5: Congrats - nothing like a new generation to make one feel old.
#6: I love the funny things kids say. Especially when they're not being funny.


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Apprenticeship (state and federal)
What is apprenticeship?
A person enrolled in a formal training program that combines on-the-job training with related technical instruction. The program is designed to produce workers that are fully competent in all aspects of an occupation.
How do I create an apprentice program?
Both state and federal apprenticeship laws allow employers to design their own program that provides an individual with specific skills, training, and job related instruction that are tailored to the company's needs.
In order for an apprenticeship program to be recognized and considered "bona fide":
- The program must be approved by the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry or the United States Department of Labor;
- there must be a written contract between the apprentice and the sponsor approved by the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry or the United States Department of Labor;
- the apprentice must be registered with the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry or the United States Department of Labor; the contract must clearly define the length of training, which includes the number of hours, an outline of the skills to be learned and the compensation that the apprentice will receive.
What are the apprenticeship requirements?
If a contractor's apprenticeship program is "bona fide", an apprentice is not subject to the state and/or federal wage decisions incorporated into a contract, provided the contractor can demonstrate the following:
- The apprentice is performing the work of his/her trade;
- the apprentice is registered with the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry or the United States Department of Labor;
- the apprentice is compensated according to the rate specified in the program for the level of progress;
- The ratio of apprentices to journeyman workers on the project is not greater than the ratio permitted for the contractor's entire work force under the registered program.
If a contractor fails to comply with the terms of the apprentice requirements mentioned above or fails to provide proof of a "bona fide" program, the contractor shall compensate the laborer or mechanic not less than the applicable total prevailing wage rate for the actual work performed and for all hours worked.
What are the apprenticeship ratio requirements?
Journeyman | Apprentices |
1 | 1 |
4 | 2 |
7 | 3 |
10 | 4 |
In the absence of a defined ratio, which means the number of apprentices to journeymen, the Minnesota Apprenticeship Advisory Council allows one apprentice for the first journeyman and one additional apprentice for each additional three journeymen; therefore, the ratio on projects funded in whole or in part with state and/or federal funds would be as follows:
To verify whether or not a worker is a registered apprentice, contact the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry's Apprenticeship Division at 651-284-5191. To find out more about apprenticeship programs, visit Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry's Apprenticeship. Visit the Resources page for more information.
Trainee requirements (federal-aid contracts only)
For federal-aid contracts only, a trainee program is also available.


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Cornerback Jabrill Peppers takes a breather during the Under Armour All-American Game in St. Petersburgh, Fla. / Kim Klement / USA TODAY Sports
At 8 a.m., it became official, and Michigan�s Signing Day was made.
Superstar cornerback recruit Jabrill Peppers from Paramus, N.J., submitted his letter of intent to Michigan, U-M tweeted it immediately, and everyone could breathe easy in Ann Arbor.
The other letters were important, but his was seemingly essential for the 2014 class.
�Definitely, we are so excited about Jabrill and what he brings to this defense,� U-M defensive coordinator Greg Mattison said on an mgoblue.com webcast. �You have a corner that can really come and bring the pressure package we want. Very intelligent player, very fast player, can play safety, can play nickel, and that�s something that the size and the speed and the competitiveness, he�s got the whole package.�
With Peppers ranked the No. 3 overall recruit by rivals.com, Michigan had to sweat the signing until it actually became official.
But Peppers� long love for Michigan won out.
U-M coach Brady Hoke talked about how Peppers embraced Michigan, starting with playing video games with his friends when they were younger. They wanted to be Ohio State, so he chose Michigan.
Then Peppers and his Paramus Catholic teammate, offensive lineman Juwann Bushell-Beatty came on an unofficial visit in the spring of 2013 and spent nearly three days �and fell in love with the university, understands the academics here, what that degree can do for you and loved our players,� Hoke said. �It was one of those things that has been a lot of fun recruiting.�
The challenge of the Michigan legacy is important to Peppers.
�Jabrill has always followed Michigan football, so he knows what the Charles Woodsons, the Marcus Rays the long line of guys that have been back there and what they accomplished and what it meant to do that,� Mattison said. �It would have been easy for him to go somewhere else. Instead, he said, �I want to be there, I want to be in that arena and show everybody that I am that kind of player.��
The comparison to Woodson was thrown at Mattison by MGoBlue host Doug Karsch. Mattison tried to restrain himself.
�I was here when (co-host Ray and Woodson) were there,� Mattison said of his first stint as a U-M defensive assistant and coordinator in 1992-96. �The one you�re talking about is Woodson. You don�t want to compare anybody to what he accomplished. Compare him to what he had as he first got here? Go ahead and do that all you want. Let�s see what happens, what they say his freshman year, his sophomore year, his junior year, senior year. Let�s see what they say then.�
Peppers isn�t only a defensive back but a return man and, perhaps, a tailback or receiver, too. Woodson was that versatile, and that boosted him to the Heisman Trophy.
Apparently, Peppers has brought that up with the staff.
�Definitely,� said U-M outside linebackers coach Roy Manning, who helped recruit Peppers. �Jabrill is just excited about the opportunity. His deal is he wants to get here and get going right away and help this team any way he can, if it�s punt returning, kick returning, maybe getting some (offensive) touches in there, whatever it is, he�s all for it. We�re all for it as well, to have a player of that caliber, you want to use him as much as you can.�
Hoke tried to caution that later in the day, though he didn�t rule it out.
�Let�s get him in here and let him be a corner for a while and let him get acclimated to everything about college football,� Hoke said. �Do I think he�s very talented? There�s no question. Can he return kicks? Could he, yeah, I don�t think there�s a doubt about it. Could there be a plan somewhere for him offensively? There could be. But let�s let the kid walk on campus to a class during the summer and be a freshman and let what he does speak for itself.�
Peppers tweeted in November that he might take other official visits, but he ended up only taking one, to U-M, helping seal his commitment.
�It was huge,� Manning said. �He had been here already on campus, but getting his mom up here for that official was huge so she could feel comfortable. Then being around all your classmates, the incoming guys, we had all our guys here that weekend, that definitely helped tremendously.�
Manning said the hype for Peppers isn�t excessive.
�Just look at his track record, the things that he�s done on the field,� Manning said. �He�s an exceptional running back, breaks tackles, elusiveness, great, great speed � Olympic speed even. And defensively, he�s all over the place. Wherever the ball is, he�s right there, making the play.�
Contact Mark Snyder: email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @mark__snyder.