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Pin-Xian Xu
- ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Genetics and Genomic Sciences
- ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Developmental and Regenerative Biology
Research Topics
- Auditory
- Cellular Differentiation
- Developmental Biology
- Developmental Neurobiology
- Embryology
- Epigenetics
- Epithelial Cells
- Gene Expressions
- Gene Regulation
- Genetics
- Genomics
- Human Genetics and Genetic Disorders
- Inner Ear
- Kidney
- Knockout Mice
- Molecular Biology
- Morphogenesis
- Neuroscience
- Organogenesis
- Protein Degradation
- Protein Phosphatases
- Regeneration
- Stem Cells
- Transcription Factors
- Transcriptional Activation and Repression
- Transgenic Mice
- Vestibular
Training Areas
B.S., Suzhou University, China
M.S., Tottori University, Japan
Ph.D., The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan
Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Medical School/Brigham & Women's Hospital
2006-present, Associate Professor, Genetics And Genomic Sciences and Developmental and Regenerative Biology
2003-2006, Scientist, McLaughlin Research Institute
1999-2003, Research Scientist, McLaughlin Research Institute
1998-1999, Instructor, Harvard Medical School/Brigham & Women's Hospital
2007 -
NIH Scientific Review Group UKGD 2000 - 2003
Research Award
National Science Foundation 1999 - 2000
Recipient of 50th Anniversary Program for Scholars in Medicine Fellowship
Harvard Medical School 1997 - 2000
Individual National Research Service Award
National Eye Institute/NIH
Genetic control of inner ear neurosensory cell development and renal progenitors
Dr. Xu Dr. Xu's research interest focuses on the roles of transcriptional factor and phosphatase EYA and its cofactor factors SIX and other cofactors during mammalian organogenesis. Mutations in these genes cause sensorineural hearing loss and renal diseases in humans. Work in the Xu laboratory involves mechanistic characterizations of these genes and their functions in the development and growth of vertebrate inner ear and kidney as well as in sensory neurogenesis.
Hearing loss is the most frequent sensory defect in humans and about one in 1,000 children is affected by severe deafness at birth or during early childhood. The primary cause is damage to the inner ear sensory hair cells and their associated spiral ganglion neurons. In mammals, cochlear hair cells and their associated neurons do not regenerate, resulting in irreversible deafness. Work in our laboratory has focused on understanding the molecular and developmental pathogenesis of congenital deafness and addressing several key questions of when and how a set of transcription factors act to mediate development of sensory and neuronal cells during early stages of inner ear development. We have taken a multidisciplinary approach to these problems, including the application of experimental embryology, molecular biology, biochemistry, and human and mouse genetics as well as gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Work from our laboratory has shown that these factors are critical regulators for activating specific developmental programs for hair cell fate induction, hair cell differentiation, neuronal fate induction as well as cell proliferation and survival in the inner ear. Interestingly, misexpression of Eya1/Six1 is able to convert cochlear nonsensory cells to hair cellss. In contrast, when Eya1/Six1 are misexpressed with inner ear neuron-specific components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, cochlear nonsensory cells are converted to spiral ganglion neurons instead of hair cells. Surprisingly, we found that coexpression of Eya1/Six1 with the chromatin-remodeling complex is sufficient to induce direct conversion of mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells toward a neuron-like fate. Given the desperate need for entirely new auditory repair strategies, these results stimulate further research into the development of new therapeutic strategies for auditory regeneration and repair.
We have also found that these genes have multiple functions at different developmental stages during neurogenesis and sensory hair cell differentiation and maturation in the inner ear. Due to technical advances and necessary tools generated in our laboratory, we now can begin to ask how such multiple functions (nuclear vs cytoplasmic) mediate their effect on neurosensory cell specificatiopn, proliferation, differentiation and functional maturation.
Similar lines of research are being performed in renal system.
Xu J, Wong EY, Cheng C, Li J, Sharkar MT, Xu CY, Chen B, Sun J, Jin D, Xu PX. Eya1 interacts with Six2 and Myc to regulate expansion of the nephron progenitor pool during nephrogenesis. Developmental Cell 2014 Nov; 31(4).
Yan J, Zhang L, Xu J, Sultana N, Hu J, Cai X, Li J, Xu PX, Cai CL. Smad4 regulates ureteral smooth muscle cell differentiation during mouse embryogenesis. PLoS One 2014 Aug; 9(8).
Xu J, Nie X, Cai X, Cai CL, Xu PX. Tbx18 is essential for normal development of vasculature network and glomerular mesangium in the mammalian kidney. Developmental Biology 2014 Jul; 391(1).
Bao S, Zhu L, Zhuang Q, Wang L, Xu PX, Itoh K, Holzman IR, Lin J. Distribution dynamics of recombinant Lactobacillus in the gastrointestinal tract of neonatal rats. PloS One 2013 Mar; 8(3).
Sun J, Karoulia Z, Wong EY, Ahmed M, Itoh K, Xu PX. The phosphatase-transcription activator EYA1 is targeted by anaphase-promoting complex/Cdh1 for degradation at M-to-G1 transition. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2013 Mar; 33(5).
Wong EY, Ahmed M, Xu PX. EYA1-SIX1 complex in neurosensory cell fate induction in the mammalian inner ear. Hearing Research 2013 Mar; 297.
Rinkevich Y, Mori T, Sahoo D, Xu PX, Bermingham JR, Weissman IL. Identification and prospective isolation of a mesothelial precursor lineage giving rise to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts for mammalian internal organs, and their vasculature. Nature Cell Biology 2012 Dec; 14(12).
Ahmed M, Xu J, Xu PX. EYA1 and SIX1 drive the neuronal developmental program in cooperation with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and SOX2 in the mammalian inner ear. Development (Cambridge, England) 2012 Jun; 139(11).
Ahmed M, Wong EY, Sun J, Xu J, Wang F, Xu PX. Eya1-Six1 interaction is sufficient to induce hair cell fate in the cochlea by activating Atoh1 expression in cooperation with Sox2. Developmental Cell 2012 Feb; 22(2).
Xu PX. The EYA-SO/SIX complex in development and disease. Pediatric Nephrology 2013 Jun; 28(6).
Nie X, Xu J, El-Hashash A, Xu PX. Six1 regulates Grem1 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme to initiate branching morphogenesis. Developmental Biology 2011 Apr; 352(1).
Nie X, Sun J, Gordon RE, Cai CL, Xu PX. SIX1 acts synergistically with TBX18 in mediating ureteral smooth muscle formation. Development (Cambridge, England) 2010 Mar; 137(5).
Chen B, Kim EH, Xu PX. Initiation of olfactory placode development and neurogenesis is blocked in mice lacking both Six1 and Six4. Developmental Biology 2009 Feb; 326(1).
Zou D, Erickson C, Kim EH, Jin D, Fritzsch B, Xu PX. Eya1 gene dosage critically affects the development of sensory epithelia in the mammalian inner ear. Human Molecular Genetics 2008 Nov; 17(21).
Hoskins BE, Cramer CH, Silvius D, Zou D, Raymond RM, Orten DJ, Kimberling WJ, Smith RJ, Weil D, Petit C, Otto EA, Xu PX, Hildebrandt F. Transcription factor SIX5 is mutated in patients with branchio-oto-renal syndrome. American Journal of Human Genetics 2007 Apr; 80(4).
Grifone R, Demignon J, Giordani J, Niro C, Souil E, Bertin F, Laclef C, Xu PX, Maire P. Eya1 and Eya2 proteins are required for hypaxial somitic myogenesis in the mouse embryo. Developmental Biology 2007 Feb; 302(2).
Zou D, Silvius D, Rodrigo-Blomqvist S, Enerbäck S, Xu PX. Eya1 regulates the growth of otic epithelium and interacts with Pax2 during the development of all sensory areas in the inner ear. Developmental Biology 2006 Oct; 298(2).
Zou D, Silvius D, Davenport J, Grifone R, Maire P, Xu PX. Patterning of the third pharyngeal pouch into thymus/parathyroid by Six and Eya1. Developmental Biology 2006 May; 293(2).
Sajithlal G, Zou D, Silvius D, Xu PX. Eya 1 acts as a critical regulator for specifying the metanephric mesenchyme. Developmental Biology 2005 Aug; 284(2).
Zou D, Silvius D, Fritzsch B, Xu PX. Eya1 and Six1 are essential for early steps of sensory neurogenesis in mammalian cranial placodes. Development (Cambridge, England) 2004 Nov; 131(22).
Grifone R, Laclef C, Spitz F, Lopez S, Demignon J, Guidotti JE, Kawakami K, Xu PX, Kelly R, Petrof BJ, Daegelen D, Concordet JP, Maire P. Six1 and Eya1 expression can reprogram adult muscle from the slow-twitch phenotype into the fast-twitch phenotype. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2004 Jul; 24(14).
Ruf RG, Xu PX, Silvius D, Otto EA, Beekmann F, Muerb UT, Kumar S, Neuhaus TJ, Kemper MJ, Raymond RM, Brophy PD, Berkman J, Gattas M, Hyland V, Ruf EM, Schwartz C, Chang EH, Smith RJ, Stratakis CA, Weil D, Petit C, Hildebrandt F. SIX1 mutations cause branchio-oto-renal syndrome by disruption of EYA1-SIX1-DNA complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 May; 101(21).
Zheng W, Huang L, Wei ZB, Silvius D, Tang B, Xu PX. The role of Six1 in mammalian auditory system development. Development (Cambridge, England) 2003 Sep; 130(17).
Xu PX, Zheng W, Huang L, Maire P, Laclef C, Silvius D. Six1 is required for the early organogenesis of mammalian kidney. Development (Cambridge, England) 2003 Jul; 130(14).
Xu PX, Zheng W, Laclef C, Maire P, Maas RL, Peters H, Xu X. Eya1 is required for the morphogenesis of mammalian thymus, parathyroid and thyroid. Development (Cambridge, England) 2002 Jul; 129(13).
Buller C, Xu X, Marquis V, Schwanke R, Xu PX. Molecular effects of Eya1 domain mutations causing organ defects in BOR syndrome. Human Molecular Genetics 2001 Nov; 10(24).
Xu X, Xu PX. A modified cryosection method for mouse testis tissue. Tissue & Cell 2001 Apr; 33(2).
Xu PX, Adams J, Peters H, Brown MC, Heaney S, Maas R. Eya1-deficient mice lack ears and kidneys and show abnormal apoptosis of organ primordia. Nature Genetics 1999 Sep; 23(1).
Xu PX, Zhang X, Heaney S, Yoon A, Michelson AM, Maas RL. Regulation of Pax6 expression is conserved between mice and flies. Development (Cambridge, England) 1999 Jan; 126(2).
Xu PX, Cheng J, Epstein JA, Maas RL. Mouse Eya genes are expressed during limb tendon development and encode a transcriptional activation function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1997 Oct; 94(22).
Xu PX, Woo I, Her H, Beier DR, Maas RL. Mouse Eya homologues of the Drosophila eyes absent gene require Pax6 for expression in lens and nasal placode. Development (Cambridge, England) 1997 Jan; 124(1).
Industry Relationships
Physicians and scientists on the faculty of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai often interact with pharmaceutical, device and biotechnology companies to improve patient care, develop new therapies and achieve scientific breakthroughs. In order to promote an ethical and transparent environment for conducting research, providing clinical care and teaching, Mount Sinai requires that salaried faculty inform the School of their relationships with such companies.
Dr. Xu did not report having any of the following types of financial relationships with industry during 2014 and/or 2015: consulting, scientific advisory board, industry-sponsored lectures, service on Board of Directors, participation on industry-sponsored committees, equity ownership valued at greater than 5% of a publicly traded company or any value in a privately held company. Please note that this information may differ from information posted on corporate sites due to timing or classification differences.
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L e o n i d s L i v e 2 0 1 2
Catch the Leonid meteor shower live! You can still watch recordings of the Leonids when the camera goes off air. The Leonids occur each year in mid-November from bits of debris from Comet Tempel-Tuttle. Every 33 years the comet visits the inner solar system and leaves a stream of dusty debris in its wake. Many of these streams have drifted across the November portion of Earth's orbit. Whenever our planet hits one, meteors appear to be flying out of the constellation Leo. The Leonids peak on Nov 17/18.
Battlestar Gallactica Blood & Chrome Eps 3 & 4: Adama, Coker, and Dr. Kelly battle enemy Raiders and make a shocking discovery deep in Cylon space.
Copyright 2012 R3LOAD NETWORK

subset: commoncrawl


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OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF POLICE Farrah Emami - Public Information Officer 1 Civic Center Plaza Irvine, CA 92606 949-724-7112 firstname.lastname@example.com www.irvinepd.org
IRVINE, CA (July 9, 2013): The Irvine Police Department has once again teamed up with 7-Eleven stores for "Operation Chill."
"Operation Chill" is a program targeting youth in the process of making positive contributions to their community. Irvine officers will "ticket" youngsters with Slurpee coupons when they are observed doing something helpful, deterring crime or participating in a positive activity in the community. For example, observing traffic regulations such as wearing a bicycle safety helmet or using a crosswalk. For whatever reason the tickets are issued, the result will be the same, a free Slurpee and a smile.
Since the program's inception in 1995, more than 12 million "Operation Chill" coupons have been distributed nationwide. As a community supporter of crime prevention, 7-Eleven stores developed the "Operation Chill" program to positively reward and encourage good behavior by kids.
"The Irvine Police Department is dedicated to fostering positive relationships with our Community's youth," said Chief David L. Maggard. "The men and women of our police department embrace any opportunity to reinforce good citizenship".
"Tickets" issued by the police can be redeemed at participating 7-Eleven stores for a free small Slurpee. 7-Eleven's nationwide program will continue throughout the summer and extend into the coming school year.
IRVINE POLICE DEPARTMENT One Civic Center Plaza, Irvine, CA 92606 (949) 724-7000 www.irvinepd.org "Working In Partnership with the Community" INTEGRITY - QUALITY SERVICE - ACCOUNTABILITY - RESPECT Since its incorporation in 1971, Irvine has become a nationally recognized city, with a population of 242,651, spans 66 square miles and is recognized as one of America's safest and most successful master-planned urban communities. Top-rated educational institutions, an enterprising business atmosphere, sound environmental stewardship, and respect for diversity all contribute to Irvine's enviable quality of life. This family-friendly city features more than 16,000 acres of parks, sports fields and dedicated open space and is the home of the Orange County Great Park – the first great metropolitan park of the 21st century. For more information, please visit cityofirvine.org.


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This report is concerned with the implications of drug use for workplace safety and productivity. It examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S. work force, the impact of such use on job-related behavior, and the effectiveness of workplace drug intervention programs. This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than social consequences affects the purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria used in this report, just as it often affects researchers investigating these issues.
The committee was charged with: (1) analyzing the available research knowledge on the prevalence and etiology of drug consumption by the work force; (2) studying the impact of drug behavior on work performance, productivity, safety, and health; and (3) evaluating the effectiveness, costs, and benefits of organizational drug intervention programs at the work site.
Three key terms in the committee's charge require clarification, because their definitions have a significant bearing on the committee's interpretation of the scope of its work.
Drug: The committee defines the term drug to include any psychotropic
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Conclusions and Recommendations
This report is concerned with the implications of drug use for workplace safety and productivity. It examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S. work force, the impact of such use on job-related behavior, and the effectiveness of workplace drug intervention programs. This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than social consequences affects the purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria used in this report, just as it often affects researchers investigating these issues.
The committee was charged with: (1) analyzing the available research knowledge on the prevalence and etiology of drug consumption by the work force; (2) studying the impact of drug behavior on work performance, productivity, safety, and health; and (3) evaluating the effectiveness, costs, and benefits of organizational drug intervention programs at the work site.
Three key terms in the committee's charge require clarification, because their definitions have a significant bearing on the committee's interpretation of the scope of its work.
Drug: The committee defines the term drug to include any psychotropic
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substance that, if consumed, will affect a person's psychological status or physiological state or behavior. We consider only substances whose use is problematic enough to represent a meaningful threat to the welfare of individual users or others and whose prevalence is high enough among the work force to have the potential to affect business productivity. The report focuses its attention on general drug class categories, includes alcohol within its scope, and briefly addresses issues surrounding tobacco.
Use, Abuse, and Dependence: Drug taking can be classified into one of three categories: (1) use, (2) abuse, and (3) dependence. Use is defined as the limited, controlled consumption of a drug (in terms of frequency and quantity) without significant toxic, adverse physical, or psychological consequences to the user (Glantz, 1992). Regular use of prescribed medications, legal drugs such as nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol, and certain illegal drugs can lead to physiological dependence. This simply means that the abrupt cessation of drug taking produces a set of symptoms called a withdrawal syndrome. The presence of physiological dependence does not necessarily imply abuse or dependence in the behavioral sense. Abuse is defined as a level of drug use that typically leads to adverse consequences (physical or psychological). Drug use at this level is not necessarily associated with any particular frequency but is associated with use in quantities sufficient to result in some toxicity to the user, and the patterns of use usually have some characteristics of psychopathological behavior. Dependence in the behavioral sense is defined as a level of drug use that has significant adverse physical and psychological consequences. This level of use is characterized by the consumption of toxic doses of the drug that impair the user's ability to function and is also characterized by a compulsive desire to use a drug repeatedly.
Work Force: Although one might confine the question of alcohol and other drug use by the work force to the use of those substances by employees while at work, the committee believes its charge requires a more encompassing definition. By work force we mean to include any active member of the labor force, including those seeking or available for employment. Work force alcohol and other drug use is the use of those substances by any work force member, whether the use occurs on or off the job, so long as the use has potential workplace effects. Consequently, issues concerning hangover or residual effects of alcohol and other drugs taken when not at work, as well as correlates of individual alcohol and other drug use and work force participation, are all relevant.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Part I: Scope of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Chapter 2 Etiology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: An Overview of Potential Causes
The most vulnerable age and primary risk factors associated with drug use initiation typically precede an individual's entry into the work force. This fact has important implications for work-related prevention interventions designed to prevent the onset of drug use. This means that workplace interventions may have only limited effects on preventing initiation into most categories of drug use.
Most alcohol and other drug users do not develop patterns of clinically defined abuse or dependence. The progression from use to abuse and dependence varies with drug type as well as with factors that are specific to individuals and their environments. It is not possible, however, to predict with great accuracy which alcohol and other drug users will become abusers or will eventually need treatment.
If use and abuse have different causes, it follows that they are likely to benefit from different types of interventions, so it is important to further explore the hypothesis that any type of drug use at the work site in fact reflects abuse.
Among illicit drug users, polydrug use, most often including the use of alcohol and tobacco, is the norm rather than the exception.
Recommendation: In evaluating the impact of alcohol and other drug use on behavior, specific attention should be paid to the actions of drugs in combination.
• Based on the sparse empirical evidence accumulated to date, alcohol and other drug use by the work force appears to be more a function of the personal qualities of individuals than of their work environments. However, most studies of why workers use alcohol and other drugs have serious methodological flaws. Hence, the work environment cannot be ruled out as a contributing or interactive factor in generating use among workers or protecting them from it.
Recommendation: Research is still needed to sort out the relative impact of the work environment and individual traits on workers' alcohol and other drug use. This research should test realistic theories involving such potential critical variables as drug availability,
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local norms, work stress and attending to such complexities as interaction effects and reverse causation.
Chapter 3 Epidemiological Evidence: The Dimensions of the Problem
Data sources ranging from self-report questionnaires to urinalysis testing to emergency room visits provide important insights about the use of alcohol and other drugs among members of the general population and the work force. Taken together, the data indicate that, since the late 1970s:
The prevalence of illicit drug use among members of the general population and the work force has been decreasing, but continues to affect a sizable proportion of the population, especially young adults.
Illicit drug use may be decreasing among occasional users, but it may be stable or even increasing among hard-core users who are generally not well represented in surveys.
Heavy alcohol use has been relatively stable over the past several years; rates of heavy drinking have been notably high among young adult men, especially those in the military and among workers in such industries as construction, transportation, and wholesale goods.
Cigarette smoking has been declining during the past decade for those 18 and older, but has been relatively stable for youths ages 12 to 17.
Illicit drug use is more common among unemployed than employed persons, and weekly alcohol use is highest among young employed workers.
Illicit drug use is relatively high among male workers in certain industries such as construction and relatively low among professionals.
Given these long-term trends, we must be cautious in attributing short-term changes in alcohol and other drug use in either society or in the work force to specific national efforts to stem the use of drugs.
Few epidemiological studies are targeted directly at the work force, leaving researchers to rely on data sources designed for other uses.
Recommendation: More focused epidemiological studies, including longitudinal studies, are needed to assess the magnitude and severity of alcohol and other drug use among the work force. As a first step, the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse should be modified to provide specific information about job characteristics, job-related behaviors, and alcohol and other drug use at work. Ultimately a national panel survey devoted to this topic should be instituted. In addition, other studies are needed that provide better
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information about: (1) employment patterns among persons who use alcohol and other drugs; (2) patterns of alcohol and other drug use among workers; (3) patterns of use in heavily using populations to better understand the employment history and work experience of these individuals; and (4) the impact of illicit drug use and heavy alcohol use on work activity.
Although the workplace offers a unique opportunity to obtain leverage on the alcohol and other drug problems of some users, there are many serious alcohol and other drug abusers who are not regularly employed, if they are employed at all. In 1990, approximately 7 percent of workers reported having used an illicit drug and approximately 6 percent reported having drunk heavily in the past month, compared with 14 percent and 6 percent, respectively, for the unemployed.
Given the relative low base rate of alcohol and other drug abusers in the employed segment of the work force compared with other selected populations, postemployment workplace alcohol and other drug interventions may help a limited number of abusers, but workplace-oriented interventions cannot solve society's problems with alcohol and other drugs.
Alcohol and tobacco are the drugs most widely abused by members of the U.S. work force. The adverse health consequences of these drugs are well known. In terms of prevalence rates of work force use and perceived effects of use on performance, alcohol is more likely to have adverse consequences.
Recommendation: Any program that addresses drug use by the work force should include alcohol, the drug most associated with perceived detrimental job performance, as a priority.
Rates of self-reported alcohol and other drug use on the job vary according to occupation, age, gender, and ethnicity. Excluding tobacco and caffeine, most surveys find that fewer than 10 percent of workers report having used alcohol or other drugs while on the job during the prior year. Some studies, however, report significantly higher usage rates. Much of the difference in the reported rates appears attributable to differences in the samples surveyed and the questions asked.
Recommendation: It is important to investigate alcohol and other drug use in different well-specified samples and to develop benchmark measures to allow findings that are comparable across studies.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Part II: Effects of Use
Chapter 4 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Laboratory Studies
• Laboratory studies of the effects of alcohol and other drugs on behavior have shown inconsistent results. These differences may be due, in part, to differences in the populations tested, the measurements used, and the range of drug doses administered.
Recommendation: Benchmark measures should be included in laboratory studies to permit generalization across studies. Funding agencies should consider holding conferences to establish such benchmarks.
Laboratory studies show small performance-enhancing effects of commonly used doses of cocaine and other stimulants. Commonly used doses of marijuana produce variable decrements in performance. Alcohol and prescribed sedatives produce decreases in performance depending on the dose, time of consumption, and the time-course of circulating concentrations of the drug's active metabolites, relative to the work schedule. All drug effects are influenced by dose and prior experience. The age of individuals and the presence of other drugs may also mediate the influence of particular drugs.
• The use of alcohol and other drugs away from the work site, including prescription drugs and over-the-counter medication, may have detrimental effects during work, especially for those in safety-sensitive positions. Thus, a long-acting drug taken the night before work or alcohol taken at lunch away from the job may have on-the-job effects like those of drugs taken at the work site. In addition, cessation of drug use may produce either withdrawal or hangover effects that affect work site performance. To date there has been little research directed toward any of these issues.
Recommendation: Researchers and funding agencies should devote more attention to the ways in which prescription and over-the-counter medications affect job performance, especially for safety-sensitive positions.
Recommendation: Studies of work site alcohol and other drug use should encompass off-site use that may have on-the-job effects. Hangover and withdrawal effects should also be considered in assessing the workplace implications of alcohol and other drug use.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Chapter 5 Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Observational/Field Studies
Field studies have consistently linked alcohol and other drug use to higher rates of absenteeism; they also provide evidence of an association between alcohol (and perhaps other drug) use and increased rates of accidents, particularly in the transportation industry. Less consistent evidence exists linking alcohol and other drug use to other negative work behaviors, although the current research base is insufficient to support firm conclusions. When associations between alcohol and other drug use and counterproductive workplace behavior are found, relationships are most often of moderate or low strength even when they are statistically significant.
The empirical relationships found between alcohol and other drug use and job performance are complex and need not imply causation. Relationships may exist for some job performance outcomes like absenteeism but not for others. Alcohol and other drug use may be just one among many characteristics of a more deviant lifestyle, and associations between use and degraded job performance may be due not to drug-related impairment but to general deviance or other factors.
Recommendation: To intervene more effectively in improving job performance, we must develop a better research base from which to assess how alcohol and other drug use and other factors act alone and in combination to degrade job performance.
• Widely cited cost estimates of the effects of alcohol and other drug use on U.S. productivity are based on questionable assumptions and weak measures. Moreover, these cost-of-drug-use studies do not provide estimates of potential savings associated with implementing particular public policies toward alcohol and other drugs.
Recommendation: Further research is needed to develop refined, defensible estimates of how much alcohol and other drug use costs specific organizations and society at large. Business decision makers and policy makers should be cautious in making decisions on the basis of the evidence currently available.
Part III: Effectiveness of Workplace Interventions
Chapter 6 Detecting and Assessing Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Methods approved by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for detecting drugs and their metabolites in urine are sensitive and accurate.
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Urine collections systems are a critical component of the drug-testing process, but they are the most vulnerable to interference or tampering. Positive results, at concentrations greater than or equal to NIDA-specified thresholds, reliably indicate prior drug use. There is, however, room for further improvement along the lines of the recommendations emanating from the 1989 Consensus Report on Employee Drug Testing and the 1992 On-Site Drug Testing Study. Moreover, more could be learned about laboratory strengths and problems if data already collected in the Department of Defense and NIDA blind quality control and proficiency test programs were properly evaluated.
Recommendation: To obtain accurate test results, all work-related urine tests, including applicant tests, should be conducted using procedural safeguards and quality control standards similar to those put forth by NIDA. All laboratories, including on-site workplace testing facilities, should be required to meet these standards of practice, whether or not they are certified under HHS-NIDA guidelines.
Recommendation: The extensive data on the reliability of laboratory drug-testing results that have been accumulated by the DoD and NIDA blind performance testing programs should be analyzed by independent investigators and the findings of their analyses published in the scientific literature.
• Government standards have improved the quality of laboratory practices; however, the inflexibility and the difficulty of making prompt changes to established government regulations may inhibit the development of new analytical techniques and better experimental-based procedures. Strict regulation of drug-testing procedures and the National Laboratory Certification Programs are nonetheless justified. High-volume, production-oriented drugtesting laboratory operations require the vigilant forensic quality control of routine repetitive procedures, rather than innovative experimental science. Strict regulation need not, however, mean bureaucratic inflexibility that pointlessly increases costs or retards progress, nor should it interfere with research designed to improve current urine testing procedures or efforts to develop reliable tests using specimens other than urine.
Recommendation: Within a regime of strict quality control, allowances should be made for variations in procedures so long as they do not compromise standards and they do reflect professional judgments of laboratory directors and forensic toxicologists about what is required to meet individual program needs. No laboratory should be penalized for any practice that is clearly an improvement on or
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beyond what is required by the HHS-NIDA guidelines. When such innovations are attempted, data on their performance should be systematically collected and shared with NIDA. NIDA should take the lead in disseminating to all laboratories information about such improvements and should provide advice promptly as problems, research results, and new data become available.
• At present, urine remains the best-understood specimen for evaluation of drug use, and it is the easiest to analyze. Thus, it must for the moment remain the specimen of choice in employee drug-testing programs. However, other specimens have potential advantages over urine in that they involve less intrusive collection procedures or have a longer detection period.
Recommendation: Researchers should be encouraged to evaluate the utility of using specimens other than urine, such as head hair and saliva, for the detection of drugs and their metabolites.
• There has been an unnecessary proliferation of drugs included in the urine test battery. Testing for LSD and sedative drugs, for example, is not always justified.
Recommendation: Additional drugs should not be added to the drug-testing panel without some justification based on epidemiological data for the industry and region. The analytical methods used to identify additional drugs should meet existing NIDA technical criteria.
• Preemployment drug testing may have serious consequences for job applicants. Applicants, unlike most employees, often do not enjoy safeguards commensurate with these consequences. A particular danger of unfairness arises because screening test data are often reported to companies despite the known possibility of false positive classification errors.
Recommendation: No positive drug test result should be reported for a job applicant until a positive screening test has been confirmed by GC/MS technology. If a positive test result is reported by the laboratory, the applicant should be properly informed and should have an opportunity to challenge such results, including access to a medical review officer or other qualified individual to assist in the interpretation of positive results, before the information is given to those who will make the hiring decision.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
• Drug-testing results may reveal drugs taken legally for medical treatment that do not seriously affect an employee's job performance. These drugs may, however, be associated with conditions that the employee for good reasons wishes to keep private.
Recommendation: In the absence of a strong detrimental link to job performance, legally prescribed or over-the-counter medications detected by drug testing should not be reported to employers. Furthermore, such results should not be made part of any employment record, except confidential health records with the employee's permission.
• Alcohol and other drug use by work force members cannot be reliably inferred from performance assessments, since performance decrements may have many antecedents. Conversely, performance decrements are often not obvious despite alcohol and other drug use. More direct measures of the likely quality of worker performance hold promise for determining workers' fitness to perform specific jobs at specific times, regardless of the potential cause of impairment. Efforts to identify such measures, however, are still in their infancy.
Recommendation: If an organization's goal is to avoid work decrement (e.g., accidents, injuries, performance level) due to impairment, then research should be conducted on the utility of performance tests prior to starting work as an alternative to alcohol and other drug tests.
• Integrity testing and personality profiles do not provide accurate measures of individual alcohol and other drug use and have not been adequately evaluated as predictors or proxy measures of use. Using these tests to aid in employment decisions involves a significant risk of falsely identifying some individuals as users and missing others who actually use drugs. The accuracy of these tests is affected not only by their validity but also by the characteristics of the population being tested. Urine tests, by contrast, can be quite accurate in detecting recent drug use.
Recommendation: If an organization treats alcohol and other drug use as a hiring criterion, it should rely on urinalysis testing that conforms with NIDA guidelines to detect use rather than on personality profiles or paper-and-pencil tests.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Chapter 7 Impact of Drug-Testing Programs on Productivity
The empirical evidence pertaining to the efficacy of preemployment drug testing indicates that such programs may be useful to employers in choosing wisely among job applicants. However, regardless of the magnitude of the correlations between drug use and dysfunctional job behavior measures, the practical effectiveness of any drug-testing program depends on other parameters, such as the prevalence of drug use in the population tested. The presence of significant relationships between drug use and workplace performance measures does not necessarily mean that an effective drug-testing program will substantially improve work force performance, and a program that substantially improves performance with some employees or in some job settings may do little to improve performance with other employees or in other job settings.
Despite beliefs to the contrary, the preventive effects of drug-testing programs have never been adequately demonstrated. Although, there are some suggestive data (e.g., see the military data in Chapter 3) that allude to the deterrent effect of employment drug-testing programs, there is as yet no conclusive scientific evidence from properly controlled studies that employment drug-testing programs widely discourage drug use or encourage rehabilitation.
Recommendation: Longitudinal research should be conducted to determine whether drug-testing programs have deterrent effects.
Many studies of alcohol and other drug use by the work force have been flawed in their designs and implementation. Organizations that conduct their own drug studies can, by encouraging their researchers to publish in professional journals, enhance quality control and contribute to a knowledge base that will enable them to deal more effectively with future alcohol and other drug problems.
Different objectives have been suggested for work site drug testing and diverse alcohol and other drug intervention programs. These include improving workers' performance, preventing accidents, saving on health costs, and working toward a drug-free society by deterring drug use. The effectiveness of alcohol and other drug intervention programs cannot be adequately evaluated unless the goals of such programs are clear.
Recommendation: Organizations should clearly articulate their objectives prior to initiating alcohol and other drug intervention programs and should regularly evaluate their programs in light of these objectives.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Among job applicants and workers, testing for drugs other than alcohol is already common and generally accepted. Of young men in a 1991 general population survey of high school graduates, 33 percent reported that they had been tested, 61 percent reported that they approved of preemployment testing, and 60 percent reported that they approved of postemployment testing. Approval rates were even higher among those who had been tested.
• Very little is known about what happens to job applicants who are not hired or to employees who are fired as a consequence of a positive drug test.
Recommendation: Research should be conducted on the impact of drug-testing programs with attention to those who remain within the organization as well as to those who are not hired or are dismissed. In particular, more information is needed about the impact of drug-testing programs on the health and productivity of the work force.
Recommendation: In light of the relatively low rates of alcohol and other drug abuse among the work force (see Chapter 3), the moderate predictive validity of testing programs (see Chapter 7), and the fact that many factors other than drug use may cause performance deficiencies seen in drug users (see Chapter 5), drug-testing programs should not be viewed as a panacea for curing workplace performance problems. Nonetheless, drug testing for safety-sensitive positions may still be justified in the interest of public safety.
Chapter 8 Employee Assistance Programs
• Recovery from alcoholism and other drug use disorders is a process that can take months or years of continuing care. The continuing abuse of alcohol or other drugs is a chronic disorder, and the evidence suggests that the ameliorative effects of brief treatments without follow-up are seldom sustained over the long run. Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are well situated to oversee that follow-up, which is essential to a long-term recovery.
Recommendation: Because of high dropout rates in substance abuse treatment programs, EAPs should monitor treatment participation and provide for long-term follow-up.
• EAPs are not generic across work sites. EAPs should and do vary across work sites and over time. Thus, it is misguided to ask whether the generic EAP is an effective program.
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
Recommendation: EAPs should be evaluated in terms of the amount and quality (including process evaluation) of the services they provide and not just by patient count. Researchers should seek to understand how EAPs contribute to a range of different outcomes in a range of different settings. This requires more high-quality critical case studies of EAPs, perhaps with some common criteria of programmatic effectiveness. Care must be taken to secure adequate control groups, and, rather than attempting to evaluate the overall effectiveness of supposedly static programs, attention should be paid to the effects of particular EAP services and their dynamic nature.
• Given the measurement limitations of drug test results in assessing drug abuse or dependence (see Chapter 6), not all individuals testing positive require or are likely to benefit from treatment, counseling, or other administrative actions that might be triggered by a positive drug test result. Blanket rules referring all positive-testing employees to treatment can be costly to employers without providing commensurate benefits to them or their employees. Care is required to determine the appropriate course of action in the event of a positive test.
Recommendation: Persons reviewing test results should be required to demonstrate expertise with respect to toxicology, pharmacology, and occupational medicine. Standards should be set and continuing education and certification should be required. Such individuals should be involved in the interpretation of the results of drug-testing programs, and in the case of positive postemployment tests, should assist other professional staff in interpreting the seriousness of revealed drug use and provide guidance in determining the best course of action for coping with any drug problems (e.g., evaluation referral to proper medical specialist if needed).
Appendix A Methodological Issues
• The most powerful methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of workplace alcohol and other drug intervention programs is the randomized field experiment. The implementation of new work site alcohol and other drug intervention programs or significant changes in existing programs provide propitious occasions for experimental assessment.
Recommendation: To enhance scientific knowledge, organizations instituting new work site alcohol and other drug intervention programs should proceed experimentally if possible. Funding agencies
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Under the Influence? Drugs and the American Work Force
should make field experiments a priority and should consider providing start-up aid to private companies that are willing to institute programs experimentally and subject them to independent evaluation.
Glantz, M.D. 1992 A developmental psychopathology model of drug abuse vulnerability. Pp. 389-418 in M. Glantz and R. Pickens, eds., Vulnerability of Drug Abuse. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.


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The HHS Office of Inspector General has released a report urging the ONC and CMS to improve oversight of Medicare's incentive payment initiative for EHR adoption. The report, which focused on the program's early stages, noted that steps such as implementing prepayment verification would improve the CMS' governance of the program.
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I am editing the wordpress login page so that it matches my theme that I am using. I am having trouble setting the background color. It works, but it only set the color to just after the login box. 1/3 of the page is still white. I set the background color for the body tag. I though the body was 100% of the browser. I guess not. Anyone got any idea's as to how to make the other 1/3 part of the page change color? I tried setting height to 100, but no go. I guess it's harder than I thought
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F1Fan started the topic 2015 Fantasy Formula 1 in the forum Formula One 1 month, 4 weeks ago
Have you ever thought about playing Fantasy F1?
This could be an interesting site: http://PFRL.net
OK, the rules look a little bit complex at first sight, but it's for free and a challenge.
As a Fantasy Formula 1 team owner you can select a team principal, 3 drivers, a chassis, an engine and a set of tyres within a limited budget.
F1Fan replied to the topic F1 fantasy leagues 2014 in the forum F1 1 year, 1 month ago
I would suggest the Fantasy F1 game on http://www.PFRL.net. At the first sight, it looks a little bit complicated, but it has a sophisticated gameplay. Easy to play (just a few seconds to create a team), but hard to win. It's fun during the whole season.
F1Fan replied to the forum topic F1 fantasy leagues in the group F1 2 years, 1 month ago
I play the game on PFF1.net for several years. It's a quite detailed Fantasy F1 competition.
F1Fan joined the group F1 2 years, 1 month ago


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01-11-2014, 11:47 PM | #1 (permalink) |
Junior Member
Join Date: Jan 2014
Posts: 1
Anyone know who made this board?
I recently got this board and have no idea who made it. I already tried googling for logos like it but nothing.
I thought maybe you guys could help cause this is the snowboarding forum after all. imgur: the simple image sharer |
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01-12-2014, 01:48 AM | #2 (permalink) |
Join Date: Jan 2014
Location: Colorado Springs
Posts: 87
It is a Heelside Snowboard. They were a boot company out East that bought a factory in Hood River, Oregon(just like your board says) but it closed down 08/09 or something like that.
This is all from finding stuff throughout the interwebs so if you really want to know where I read all this random stuff just let me know. Last edited by Naturesabre; 01-12-2014 at 01:49 AM. Reason: info |
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Introduction to Concepts in Citizenship and Public Life
YWCA Lebanon
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Women and Municipalities: A Platform for Political Participation This presentation briefly defines the terms "citizenship" and "citizen" and the link to the concept of democracy. It also outlines the general rights and responsibilities of citizens in a democratic system.
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text: I'm in culinary school right now and am looking to apply for a grant to attend some classes at either of these schools during the summer (that is, as long as the scholarship committee doesn't just assume I'm some wacko hippie and write me off), as becoming a raw food personal chef is my ultimate goal. I can't decide between the two, although California is looking more appealing than Oklahoma at this point. I know 105degrees is relatively new, but has anyone attended or taken any classes at either of these two places and is able give me their thoughts? Thanks much!


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With cyclonic storm `Phyan' menacingly approaching north Maharashtra and south Gujarat, the government has asked all educational institutions and offices in the city to close down this afternoon.
"All schools and offices have been advised to close down for the day in view of the inclement weather that is likely to worsen," BMC Additional Commissioner A Maheshkar told reporters.
While the schools have been asked to shut down at 1 pm, offices have been advised to close by 2 pm, Maheshkar said after a high-level meeting chaired by Chief Secretary Johny Joseph at Mantralaya.
She said the BMC was arranging for buses at Chhatrapati Shivaji and Churchgate terminus to ferry people back home.
All 24 control rooms of the BMC have been activated, she said, adding many trees maybe uprooted as the city and its adjoining areas were expected to experience high-speed winds reaching up to 90 KM per hour.
The machinery has been geared up to promptly clear the streets of the trees and people cautioned against taking shelter under them.
Asked if the advisory for closure of educational institutions and offices would be in force even tomorrow, she said no such decision had been taken as yet.
Keywords: Cyclone Phyan, Mumbai schools, offices closed, asked to shut down, BMC Additional Commissioner A Maheshkar


text:
Not only is Smallville's Black Canary Alaina Huffman in the January 30 Supernatural, which is titled "As Time Goes By"... we also meet Sam and Dean's paternal grandfather... maybe. Here's how The CW describes it:
SAM AND DEAN MEET THEIR GRANDFATHER --- Sam (Jared Padalecki) and Dean (Jensen Ackles) are stunned when a man who claims to be Henry Winchester (guest star Gil McKinney), their grandfather, suddenly appears in their hotel room demanding to know where he can find John Winchester. Henry has time-traveled to stop a demon named Abbadon (guest star Alaina Huffman) and was looking for John's help. Through Henry, Sam and Dean learn more about their father and the Winchester blood line. Serge Ladouceur directed the episode written by Adam Glass (#812).
The network has now released some spoiler photos. Enjoy:


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SASA has just launched its latest online service to customers of Scottish Seed Potatoes. The new initiative has created a fully interactive searchable register where Scottish seed potato crops are listed by classes, sub-divided by variety and geographic location. This proactive publication of crop data held by government is intended as a tool for businesses and to promote Scottish crops to potential customers at home and worldwide.
The register has multiple search options available to allow users to quickly find the crop details they need and the service also includes a complete searchable list of Scottish seed potato growers and production statistics for all the varieties grown in Scotland.
The service is being rolled out as the first stage of the MySpuds project. This project undertaken by the Scottish Government in conjunction with industry aims to give Scottish Potato growers direct access to the SASA database holding their information. Details on the register can be found at:


text:
Crownhill Elementary Vandalized Over Weekend
A physical education teacher at Crownhill Elementary School found two boys vandalizing the school Saturday afternoon when she arrived to do some work.
She saw the boys walking away from her when she approached the school, according to Bremerton Police reports. She saw broken tile around the outside basketball court and found a burnt plastic milk crate.
Later, as she was cleaning the gym around 4 p.m., she heard a loud noise outside. She saw the boys had returned and were throwing tiles at a brick wall by the basketball court. The boys used the broken tile to write on the cement.
She also found a chain-link fence surrounding the school's kiln had been cut and bent. The boys had taken ceramic tiles used in the baking of the kiln and thrown them against the wall. Damage was estimated at $500.
The teacher didn't get a good look at the boys. Police have no suspect information.
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NEW YORK – New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg reiterated Monday that there is no "legitimate" evidence that foreign terrorists were connected to a car bomb found in a smoking sport utility vehicle in Times Square, adding that there is a "high probability" that law enforcement would capture whoever was behind it.
Investigators still had videos to look through, but there was still no proof of any connection to groups such as the Taliban or al-Qaida, Bloomberg said on ABC's "Good Morning America."
Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano cautioned Monday against "premature decisions one way or another," telling NBC's "Today" that "every lead has to be pursued."
Investigators haven't ruled out any suspects, including foreign terrorist organizations, she said.
Authorities are seeking a middle-aged man who was videotaped shedding his shirt near the SUV where the bomb was found. They also wanted to talk to the owner of the 1993 Nissan Pathfinder.
Bloomberg said he wasn't making any guarantees, but thought there was a good chance any perpetrators would be caught.
"Working with White House, working with Homeland Security, working with the FBI, all city agencies working together, there's a high probability that we will find out who did this and apprehend them," Bloomberg said.
Two street vendors alerted police to the car Saturday night parked on a block lined with Broadway theaters and restaurants. Thousands of tourists were cleared from the area, and streets were shut down for 10 hours.
The gasoline and propane bomb was crude but could have sprayed shrapnel and metal parts with enough force to kill pedestrians and knock out windows on one of America's busiest streets, police said.
Mayor Michael Bloomberg predicts arrests in case of attempted New York City car bombing
An updated version of this story is now available at MassLive.


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Elsa Lila Videos, Biography, Lyrics
Elsa Lila
Views: 5267 |
Elsa Lila Biography
Elsa Lila (born 1981, in Tirana, Albania) is an Albanian singer. Early life Elsa Lila was born in Tirana, Albania. Her father was a singer of the former Albanian state choir, while her mother was a violinist, so both parents, raised her on theatre, and music, giving her a great love for the arts. Elsa had shown her singing and acting talents ever since childhood in Albanian state television shows and had won the Albanian national song contest 2 years in a row while in her teens. Awards In 1996, at age 15, Elsa won the Albanian national song contest, and won the Albanian public award through televoting. In 1997 she repeated herself, and won the Albanian national song contest, and public award. In 1998, she was noticed by all of Europe when she won Albania the Varna international song contest in Bulgaria, where 14 other countries participated. In the same year she had represented her country in Lisboa Expo 98, holding a concert. In 1999, at only 18 years old, Lila was elected "Albani
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsa Lila
You are in the page Elsa Lila, We at Sonorika we always try to update all the information
Elsa Lila
. here you find a biography, discography, events
Elsa Lila
but also
. On the page of
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You can also find tickets to concerts of
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"Elsa Lila" : Download all the ringtones on your cell
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( 2 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
By Lisa H
from Alberta
This product is so cooling and makes my eyes feel years younger. I love it !
A good eye serum!
By Marnie
from DARTMOUTH
I am a big fan of the original Biocollasis serums-but I am or should I say my face is getting to enjoy this eye serum in particular- in the Vitality line!!!Just put a little wee bit and smooth gently around the eye right over to the hair line.It is very soothing and does hydrate and prepares the skin very nicely for the eye cream.I do love Elizabeth's serums and this eye serum.
( 1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
The fine lines are gone!!
By MINH
from WETASKIWIN
I'm fortunate to have come across this serum and eye cream. I suffer from really dry skin under my eyes and I've tried many many eye serums & creams and they have not worked to erase the dry fine lines. This serum and Victory eye cream have been miraculous. The skin under my eyes are now smooth and the fine lines are gone. These products are my HG. If you're still looking for help around the eye area, try these.
( 12 of 12 customers found this review helpful)
Elizabeth Grant Skin Care
By Leonie
from Burlington, Ontario
I love Elizabeth. She is such a classy & lovely lady I used to use her skincare all the time but lately I have noticed a burning sensation on my face and the toner makes my eyes hurt. Also, the creams don't sink into my skin like my other skincare products do.Unfortunately I have had to go back to my original skincare cream.I don't suppose many people have had bad effects from this skincare but I do. I would still recommend trying this to other people .
( 15 of 15 customers found this review helpful)
Cell Vitality Victory Eye Serum
By the Antiquer
from Brampton, Ontario
I have been a loyal Elizabeth Grant user for years and have never had a problem with any of her products until now. My skin is not sensitive and yet this product actually burned all the skin around my eye area. This yeast formula is not for everybody, believe you me....


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Claim your bragging rights!
57 posts
• Page 2 of 3 • 1, 2, 3
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I rode to the vets last night and picked up a small vial of Baytrill
Re: Claim your bragging rights!
It was...
Re: Claim your bragging rights!Yeah like plenty of others I use the bikes for pretty much everything. I re-registered the car just before xmas and have used it once since, to get a couple of bales of hay/straw and a few bags of soil.
My favourite bike after some xmas shopping. I have a front rack and bags for touring or if I need more space, I generally dont so I leave it off most of the time.
Re: Claim your bragging rights!Nice... another good one I had was climbing on the MTB with two kids in the baby trailer up a 20% gradient full brutal!
Re: Claim your bragging rights!A box of..... ladybugs?
Xtracycle, Surly Long Haul Trucker, Bike Friday New World Tourist, Giant TCR, 9:zero:7
Re: Claim your bragging rights!
Thats a lot of Ladybugs! It was a JD Bug balance bike for my little 2yo niece. They are really light so that was no problem, each pannier weighed a fair bit more. Ive had heavier stuff on it, rolls of chickenwire/bird mesh were one of the heavier and got the most weird looks The box was just bulky/wider than usual. I kept reminding myself to clear the gates on the bike path but still brushed one
Re: Claim your bragging rights!ah, cute!
I often brush the gates on the bridge over the Entertainment Centre overpass in Perth with almost any load on my xtracycle.... no big deal usually though one day I put a bit of a dent in the box I was carrying but it's a lot harder trying to get the Bike Friday Travelcase Trailer through there, bang the wheels on them regularly - again mainly OK, mainly just bounce off, but once I got the wheel caught and came to a dead stop very quickly. Wasn't very nice. Xtracycle, Surly Long Haul Trucker, Bike Friday New World Tourist, Giant TCR, 9:zero:7
Re: Claim your bragging rights!Turned up to the Rouse Hill bunch ride this morning with the trunk bag on the back... I can't help but feel some of the guys saw the bloke with discs, steel frame and Fluid helmet and were surprised at me charging up the hills it's the engine, carbon doesn't make the lungs work better!
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I loaded the bike up with a panniers this a.m. to do a big shop after work. Now it's bucketing down! Has been all day.
Oh well, at least it's not cold!
Re: Claim your bragging rights!
You have a strong cat there, holding up the bike for the photo
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I quite enjoy going to the shops with the kids in their trailer, then loading the groceries up around them, the looks I get as I put heavy items on my 2 year olds lap are halerious, but she loves "helping daddy"
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I did it once and that's enough for me!
This year I have been taking advantage of a strong start in Mauritius, the friendly windless weather and a general wellbeing - niggle free and not much in the way of any bugs. And while my riding will taper off as it gets a little colder and darker, to this point I am managing around 160-170km each week. So, with it all seeming so easy, for the last week I have been trying to manage 200km. It seemed not such a big deal Last Monday. "An extra 20%! That's not such much to ask." Well, I gotta say that the extra 6 or 7 km each day is REALLY tough!. By Friday evening I had just about given it up. A couple of times the motor control was not there and I have had to sit down and do sudoku on the side of the road a couple of times. The intended full ride home on Friday became half way and the train the rest. After a relaxed Saturday I was feeling somewhat better. So I thought I could try and do my annual ride-my-age thing and that would prolly give me enough to get over the hill. Well, even that proved difficult as I had somewhere I had to be in the arvo so, as well as again running out of puff, I also ran out of time. Nevertheless, while the age thing was a failure it did add 50km. This morning I rode the required distance to work (my log period starts Monday when I leave work) and squeezed past. 203km. Whew. I still have to ride my age sometime this year on a day that feels right at the time. But I can categorically state here that I will NEVER even try for 200km in a week again. That is for other fools. Unchain yourself-Ride a unicycle
Re: Claim your bragging rights!When my twins were younger I took them and associated toys, snacks & water in the trailer attached to an old steel mtb, so far about 50kg plus me. Eldest daughter was in a child seat on the back of the mtb, another 15. Then we rode the 6 km to the shops. 25 kg of shopping later we rode home. So all up I guess about 175kg. Thankfully the brakes worked and there weren't any big hills (unless you count gutters, which at the time were really big hills).
FoM 15 Bikes 2 adults 6 children, 2 dogs, 10 chooks and a heck of a lot of fish
Re: Claim your bragging rights!Since my last post I have achieved my ride-my-age for the year. Indeed I have managed it three times since February!
And I got past my 18,000th km a couple of weeks ago. Though perhaps I should save that one and wait for 20,000th. Unchain yourself-Ride a unicycle
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I've totally stopped keeping count on the Commuter Cup Racing, because I dominate them all
Re: Claim your bragging rights!I did a load of shopping today and only remembered we were out of beer on the way home. Not having beer is just not on, so I pulled in to pickup a slab.
Strapped it on no worries and didn't even break the eggs which were in the saddle bag. Sent from my GT-I9100 using Tapatalk 2
Re: Claim your bragging rights!How does the bike cope with that? That's some SERIOUS weight going through the back tyre!
Re: Claim your bragging rights!It was certainly noticeable, and I took it really easy over the bumps. The rear panniers were carrying about... actually, quite a bit when I add it up in my head. Maybe 10kg+ of groceries? The saddle bag had my regular work gear including the almost 2kg Kryptonite lock. Plus a dozen eggs.
I wouldn't want it to be my normal load, but I'm confident in it for short distances. My normal practice is to open the slab and pack the stubbies in the panniers, but they were already full in this case. The non-dished rear wheel, appropriately inflated tyres and sturdy rack all help. I don't currently have a load carrying bike that I can also hook my BOB to, but if I did, I would; it carries a slab super easily. It could probably carry two.
Re: Claim your bragging rights!::golf clap:: I'd have been more worried about transverse slab slippage around corners, glad that ended well.
"Lexa": 2012 Trek Lexa S; "Bluey": 2006 Trek 7.0FX
Re: Claim your bragging rights!It was surprisingly stable on the Tubus LOCC rack, but I did make sure that the net was wrapped around the front corners of the slab to limit lateral slippage.
Re: Claim your bragging rights!What bike is that Pete? Is that belt driving a single speed or internal hub?
Re: Claim your bragging rights!A few nights ago I seriously impressed myself!
When riding a uni any distance it is best and correct to almost float the feet on the pedals when on flat even unchallenging track. But is ain't natural and I am always working on it. Anyway, I was riding home on the detour route at bateman late evening under headlight. There are a few lumpy bits where tree roots are pushing the surface up. Well, I was riding as light as I could at a decent clip when I hit a double bump section. I bounced up airborne from the seat and both feet lost contact. But I stayed upright and on it and even found the pedals again about three or four metres. I amazed myself. Though the archilles did get a hard whack from a pedal and, worst of all, the crown jewels got a serious working over. Still, I stayed on, I continued the ride and in short time everything felt just fine. I think that was worth a brag. Though I have no intention of repeating it. Ouch. Unchain yourself-Ride a unicycle
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Courtesy Google
Getting your driver's license can be an experience filled with anxiety, excitement and exhilaration if you're human. But what if you're a robotic car?
On Sept. 25, 2012, California governor Jerry Brown passed a law allowing test trials of autonomous cars on California roads. Does that mean it's legal to buy a robot car, hop in the back seat and tell your automaton chauffeur to drop you off on Hollywood and Vine? Not quite.
The law requires that a licensed driver be behind the wheel of the car. It's a safety measure -- should a system fail, the driver could take control of the vehicle and get it off the road safely. The law applies to any autonomous vehicle, but Google inspired the legislation.
For the past few years, Google has been developing technology that allows cars to navigate autonomously over roads and highways. Google modified cars by adding video cameras, laser rangefinders, GPS receivers, a database filled with maps and a variety of sensors. Taking control of one of these cars manually is a breeze -- just move the steering wheel a bit or tap on the brakes and you're the one driving the car.
We're probably still years away from a future in which everyone sits back while the vehicles do all the work. But this piece of legislation gets us a little closer to that dream.
Honorable Mention: In 2012, Google announced a new line of tablets under the Nexus name. The tablets run on Google's mobile operating system called Android. Google also announced the Nexus Q, a home entertainment device.
Start the Countdown |
10: A Mega Raid |
9: The Internet Goes Dark |
8: Facebook Goes Public |
7: A Windows Tablet Surfaces |
6: A Particle Becomes Less Theoretical |
5: Marissa Mayer Becomes the New Yahoo CEO |
4: Rocket Cranes and Curiosity |
3: The Apple-Samsung Patent Kerfuffle |
2: Google Gets a Driver's License |
1: Apple Launches the iPad Mini |
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Michael Jackson's Iconic 'Thriller' Jacket Sells for $1.8M
The red and black leather jacket was purchased on June 26, 2011 by Milton Verret, a commodities trader from Austin, Texas at Julien's Auctions in Beverly Hills. Verret purchased the jacket for several times more than it's anticipated price tag which was between $200,00 - $400,000. The iconic garb will be used as a fundraising tool, heading out on tour with the proceeds going to various children's charities.
The famed jacket sparked a fashion craze in the 1980s after Jackson and his troupe of zombies broke out into a dance routine in the music video. The auctioneer described the jacket as "among the most recognizable and famous garments of the 20th century."
Take a look at the infamous video below.
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- Monday 27 June
- Monday 27 JuneBy juneyHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
What do you mean by "Let's take a look at the INfamous video below?" Thriller is THE FAMOUS VIDEO of all time. Michael Jackson will be remembered and loved worldwide after you are all done with your 15 minutes of fame.
Glad to hear that THE jacket was purchased by a philanthropist and will be used for charitable endeavors. Michael would have been pleased with that. - Monday 27 JuneBy mojo workman
yeah, um, somebody has way too much money...
- Monday 27 JuneHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
Yeah. Workman, yet cannot afford. Jacket IS HIStory!!! Michael Jackson 4EVA!!!!
- Monday 27 JuneBy area31040m
Sorry but that's not the same jacket worn in the movie. The vertical black stripe runs all the way to the top of the collar in the movie, but not the other jacket. Also, the vertical stripes on the shoulders aren't as prominent of the mannequin as the one in the movie. Could be wrong but that's my take.
- Monday 27 June
It's the same jacket....look at the video.
- Monday 27 JuneBy GK
- Monday 27 JuneBy rickLowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
what a waste of 1.8 mil a jacket from a pedo no thanks ( yea I went there)
- Monday 27 JuneHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
NOT 50 mil, roughly 22. U should read. Then u would understand WHY Chandlers TOOK money. Would YOU if your child? Money would not have ceased STATE'S case. Evidence CONTRARY 2 pedo theory. All water under bridge now. Chandler can't spend a coerced nickel... Video now part of Congressional archives. A rarity 4 Congress. Michael Jackson is great. Go learn something. Yes, went there.
- Monday 27 JuneBy gstringHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
dear rick,did he ever pedo you ? read a book with facts not trash
- Monday 27 JuneBy rickLowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
gstring you dont give 50 mil to a 12 yo kid mom and dad if you didnt do it the news report that the pedo give that money to them now thats fact
- Monday 27 JuneBy sadiemae1214Highest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
I never get tired of watching this video ! It's amazing
- Monday 27 JuneBy RichLowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
If I had the money I would have bought this and then burned it on Youtub.
- Monday 27 JuneBy RichLow Ranked Vote downVote upReport this
Actually, you are right! Good eye!!!
- Monday 27 JuneBy JimLowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
This might have been the jacket he wore to bed but the right arm of the jacket is not stuck down a pair of little boys pajamas so then again it might not be.
- Monday 27 JuneHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
U would know. 'Bout the boys and pajamas I mean. All rest of sensible world KNOWS, is Thriller, hence jacket, made HIStory. So put that in Rich's Youtube pipe, and smoke it. Blow out opposite end. Tossers.
- Monday 27 JuneBy Mark Lathom
I wonder if he's at home wearing it right now and trying to memorize the steps from the video...
- Monday 27 JuneBy skbn113Lowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
It baffles me why people don't see this video for what it truly is~~ demonic!
It starts out so innocent, then he pronounces himself "different" to this charming, innocent young lady and voila~ demon face!
This is child abuse for any young person or child to be exposed to. No wonder America is in such deep doodoo.
But I think it was a clue to his real personality....he was trying to make it plain....there was so much more to Michael than what was on the surface.
Such incredible talent..........thrown away. - Monday 27 JuneHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
Not "thrown" away, rather tucked away safely. Congressional archives. Set pace 4 all future "demonic" videos. Pop artists 2day as result (thanks 2 Michael), full of "devil".
- Monday 27 JuneBy ChristopherLowest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
There is an old saying, "A fool and his money are soon parted." With all of the people in this world who are hurting for money, and food, I can't justify spending 1.8 Mil on a cheap leather jacket that was worn by a Pedophile, I don't care how talented he was as a singer/dancer.
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before it's in the papers" RETURN TO THE WORLD SCIENCE HOME PAGE Internet-controlled robots anyone can build Scientists say they have developed a line of robots simple enough for almost anyone to build with off-the-shelf parts, yet sophisticated and able to link wirelessly to the Internet. Qwerkbot, a three-wheeled robot that can send images over the Internet, is one of several robots that can be built with the Telepresence Robot Kit (TeRK), a combination of a robot controller, commonly available parts and assembly instructions
developed by the CREATE Lab in Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.
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Research said to bring robotics to new level of public usability Scientists say they have developed a line of robots that are simple enough for almost anyone to build with off-the-shelf parts, yet sophist icated and able to link wirelessly to the Internet. The robots can take many forms, from a three-wheeled model with a mounted camera to a flower loaded with infrared sensors, the designers said. The machines are easily customizable, they added, and users can control and monitor them from any Internet-linked computer. The tools that would make this possible are a single piece of hardware and a set of "recipes" that people follow to build their machines. Both are part of the "Telepresence Robot Kit," or TeRK, developed Illah Nourbakhsh and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Their goal, they said, is to make highly capable robots accessible and affordable for students and anyone else interested. Unlike other edu cational robot kits, a TeRK robot isn't sold as full set of parts. The recipes instead allow for building a variety of robots with parts commonly available through hardware and hobbyist outlets, the researchers said. At the heart of each machine is a unique controller called Qwerk that combines a computer with the software and electronics necessary to control the motors, cameras and other devices, members of Nourbakhsh's team said. Qwerk also connects the robot automatically to the Internet. "The Internet connection means the robots are much more global," Nourbakhsh said. Not only can the robot be operated remotely at any location with a wireless Internet connection, but it can also send photos or video, respond to RSS feeds, or access the Internet to find information. That combination opens a wide range of possibilities. "We're hoping people notice that the sky's the limit," he added. |


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Do liner boats get mold in between the liner and the hull?
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Re: Do liner boats get mold in between the liner and the hull?
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how do you get rid of mold on a boat? Aslo how do you stop mold?
If you can see mold, you need to wash it off and dry completely. Chemicals like bleach and ammonia work (NEVER use together, the gas will literally kill you). Some say vinegar works, but you better air it out well. I use diluted vinegar to clean my eisenglass dodger and it stinks outside for hours, can't imagine down below. Tea tree oil is the latest environmental mold killer and I find the odor acceptable. You can buy it in a spray bottle.
Kanberra gel, placed in the cabin will keep mold from returning, but its expensive. I use it and started to get lazy and let it run out. Sure enough, boat odors began to return. I loaded right up again, particularly before I put her away for the winter. Its slightly less expensive to buy the refills and reuse the containers.
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Tim Speakman believes picture quilts, like fine paintings, should tell a story.
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Dr. Daoshing Ni's Family's Chinese Medicine Background Video
Dr. Daoshing Ni explains his family's Chinese Medicine background. Dr. Daoshing Ni is a 38th generation doctor of Chinese Medicine, a Licensed Acupuncturist and a Diplomat of Chinese Herbology NCCA. He is in general practice at Los Angeles, Calif...
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Lightbody, Kirsty L. and Ilghari, Dariush and Waters, Lorna C. and Carey, Gemma and Bailey, Mark A. and Williamson, Richard A. and Renshaw, Philip S. and Carr, Mark D. (2008) Molecular features governing the stability and specificity of functional complex formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10/ESAT-6 family proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283 (25). pp. 17681-17690. ISSN 0021-9258. (The full text of this publication is not currently available from this repository. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided)
The full text of this publication is not available from this repository. (Contact us about this Publication) | |
Official URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M800123200 |
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex CFP-10/ESAT-6 family proteins play essential but poorly defined roles in tuberculosis pathogenesis. In this article we report the results of detailed spectroscopic studies of several members of the CFP10/ESAT-6 family. This work shows that the CFP-10/ESAT-6 related proteins, Rv0287 and Rv0288, form a tight 1:1 complex, which is predominantly helical in structure and is predicted to closely resemble the complex formed by CFP-10 and ESAT-6. In addition, the Rv0287.Rv0288 complex was found to be significantly more stable to both chemical and temperature induced denaturation than CFP-10.ESAT-6. This approach demonstrated that neither Rv0287.Rv0288 nor the CFP-10.ESAT-6 complexes are destabilized at low pH (4.5), indicating that even in low pH environments, such as the mature phagosome, both Rv0287.Rv0288 and CFP-10.ESAT-6 undoubtedly function as complexes rather than individual proteins. Analysis of the structure of the CFP-10.ESAT-6 complex and optimized amino acid sequence alignments of M. tuberculosis CFP-10/ESAT-6 family proteins revealed that residues involved in the intramolecular contacts between helices are conserved across the CFP-10/ ESAT-6 family, but not those involved in primarily intermolecular contacts. This analysis identified the molecular basis for the specificity and stability of complex formation between CFP-10/ ESAT-6 family proteins, and indicates that the formation of functional complexes with key roles in pathogenesis will be limited to genome partners, or very closely related family members, such as Rv0287/Rv0288 and Rv3019c/Rv3020c.
Item Type: | Article |
Subjects: | Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology |
Divisions: | Faculties > Science Technology and Medical Studies > School of Biosciences |
Depositing User: | Jane Griffiths |
Date Deposited: | 19 Mar 2009 14:11 |
Last Modified: | 17 Apr 2014 10:31 |
Resource URI: | https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/15775 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes) |
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Efficiency droop in 245–247 nm AlGaN light-emitting diodes with continuous wave 2 mW output power


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MINCA LIBRARYOver the years, MINCA has acquired a number of reports, DVDs and other documents. These are available for loan to MINCA members. The titles are listed below. Contact a member of MINCA's Management Committee if you would like to borrow any of them. This list is updated as new material is acquired.
NOTE: MINCA also has a videocamera and tripod available for loan to members. |
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Avaaz Bureau of Meteorology Collaborative Consumption Department of Environment and Resource Management (State govt) Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (Federal govt) DESMOGBLOG Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) Greening Australia Greenpeace James Cook University Discovernature Magnetic Island Fauna Care Org (MIFCO) Ph: 0400 243 842 Magnetic Times NQ Dry Tropics Sea Turtle Foundation Six Degrees Townsville City Council Townsville Region Bird Observers Club (TRBOC) world.edu Minca facebook page |
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Michael Duenes
05/12/2011 Air Force vs. Hobart - April 30, 2011The Falcons closed out their season with a 9-6 ECAC victory over the Statesmen. 05/21/2010 Air Force vs. Denver - May 8, 2010Air Force vs. Denver 04/20/2010 Air Force vs. Bellarmine - April 11, 2010Falcons host Knights in ECAC lacrosse action 04/19/2010 Air Force vs. Quinnipiac - April 9, 2010Falcons host Bobcats in ECAC lacrosse action 2010: Played in 13 games ... notched his first career point with an assist versus Fairfield ... recorded 10 ground balls and four caused turnovers. 2009: Saw action in three games ... recorded one ground ball and one caused turnover. 2008: Played in four games ... picked up one ground ball. High School: Lettered four years in lacrosse for Coach Warren ... member of state championship team in 2005 ... All-American in 2007 ... also lettered three years in football and two years in soccer ...second-team all-state football selection in 2006 ... 2006 division offensive MVP in football. Personal: Member of cadet squadron 2 ... son of John Duenes and Dr. June Chen ... has a brother, Matthew (17) ... hobbies include rock climbing and sleeping. |


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OPP say a 9-year-old boy has died after being pulled from the water and rushed to hospital yesterday afternoon.
It was just before 4 when a search began for him in the water and onshore in Wasaga Beach.
OPP aren't releasing any more information.
They have said they'd like to thank all of those involved in the search.
And would also like to remind you, if you are not a strong swimmer or unfamiliar with the water you're swimming in, to wear a personal floatation device.
Sad news from Wasaga Beach
Kara Judge - 570 News