text:
Password Schemes
Password scheme means the format in which the password is stored in password databases. The most commonly used password schemes are:
PLAIN: Password is in plaintext.
CRYPT: Traditional DES-crypted password in /etc/passwd (e.g. "pass" = vpvKh.SaNbR6s)
Dovecot uses libc's crypt() function, which means that CRYPT is usually able to recognize MD5-CRYPT and possibly also other password schemes. Please see the notes below regarding glibc's crypt() and SHA-256/512 support.
- The traditional DES-crypt scheme only uses the first 8 characters of the password, the rest are ignored. Other schemes may have other password length limitations (if they limit the password length at all).
MD5-CRYPT: MD5 based salted password hash nowadays commonly used in /etc/shadow. (e.g. "pass" = $1$ozdpg0V0$0fb643pVsPtHVPX8mCZYW/)
MD5: Alias for MD5-CRYPT. Dovecot versions earlier than v1.0.rc16 need to use this instead of MD5-CRYPT. This name is deprecated because MD5-CRYPT isn't an actual MD5 hash.
PLAIN-MD5: An actual MD5 hash of the password. (e.g. "pass" = 1a1dc91c907325c69271ddf0c944bc72)
Password databases have a default password scheme:
SQL: See default_pass_scheme setting in dovecot-sql.conf
LDAP: See default_pass_scheme setting in dovecot-ldap.conf
PasswdFile: CRYPT is used by default, v1.1+ allows changing with scheme parameter in passdb args.
Passwd, Shadow, VPopMail: CRYPT is used by default and can't be changed currently.
PAM, BSDAuth, CheckPassword: Dovecot never even sees the password with these databases, so Dovecot has nothing to do with what password scheme is used.
The password scheme can be overridden for each password by prefixing it with {SCHEME}, for example: {PLAIN}pass.
Dovecot contains a utility which can be used to easily generate passwords for a wanted scheme: in Dovecot v1, dovecotpw; in Dovecot v2, doveadm pw
What scheme to use?
With most installations it doesn't really matter what scheme you're using. If you already have users with existing passwords, it's easiest to just keep using the same scheme. Otherwise just pick something strong enough, for example SSHA.
The main idea behind storing passwords in non-plaintext scheme is that if an attacker gets access to your server, he can't easily just get all users' passwords and start using them. With stronger schemes it takes more time to crack the passwords.
Non-plaintext authentication mechanisms
See Authentication/Mechanisms for explanation of auth mechanisms. Most installations use only plaintext mechanisms, so you can skip this section unless you know you want to use them.
The problem with non-plaintext auth mechanisms is that the password must be stored either in plaintext, or using a mechanism-specific scheme that's incompatible with all other non-plaintext mechanisms. For example if you're going to use CRAM-MD5 authentication, the password needs to be stored in either PLAIN or CRAM-MD5 scheme. If you want to allow both CRAM-MD5 and DIGEST-MD5, the password must be stored in plaintext.
In future it's possible that Dovecot could support multiple passwords in different schemes for a single user.
Supported schemes
PLAIN, CRYPT and MD5-CRYPT schemes were explained above.
Non-plaintext mechanism specific schemes:
LANMAN: DES-based encryption. Used sometimes with NTLM mechanism.
NTLM: MD4 sum of the password stored in hex. Used with NTLM mechanism.
RPA: Used with RPA mechanism.
CRAM-MD5: Used with CRAM-MD5 mechanism (v1.0.rc16 and later, for older use HMAC-MD5)
HMAC-MD5: Deprecated name for CRAM-MD5. The password isn't really in a standard HMAC-MD5 format.
DIGEST-MD5: Used with DIGEST-MD5 mechanism. The username is included in the hash, so it's not possible to use the hash for different usernames.
MD5 based schemes:
PLAIN-MD5: MD5 sum of the password stored in hex.
LDAP-MD5: MD5 sum of the password stored in base64.
SMD5: Salted MD5 sum of the password stored in base64.
SHA based schemes (also see below for libc's SHA* support):
SHA: SHA1 sum of the password stored in base64.
SSHA: Salted SHA1 sum of the password stored in base64.
SHA256: SHA256 sum of the password stored in base64. (v1.1 and later).
SSHA256: Salted SHA256 sum of the password stored in base64. (v1.2 and later).
SHA512: SHA512 sum of the password stored in base64. (v2.0 and later).
SSHA512: Salted SHA512 sum of the password stored in base64. (v2.0 and later).
For some schemes (e.g. PLAIN-MD5, SHA) Dovecot is able to detect if the password hash is base64 or hex encoded, so both can be used. dovecotpw anyway generates the passwords using the encoding mentioned above.
SHA256 and SHA512 in libc
glibc v2.7+ supports SHA256 and SHA512 based password schemes. The passwords look like:
- SHA256: $5$salt$data
- SHA512: $6$salt$data
These passwords are completely different than what Dovecot generates. They use multiple rounds of SHA, so they're also safer against brute forcing (but also requiring more CPU from your server). You can use these simply by using CRYPT scheme, assuming your libc can handle these kinds of passwords.
The base64 vs. hex encoding that is mentioned above is simply the default encoding that is used. You can override it for any scheme by adding a ".hex", ".b64" or ".base64" suffix. For example:
{SSHA.b64}986H5cS9JcDYQeJd6wKaITMho4M9CrXM contains the password encoded to base64 (just like {SSHA})
{SSHA.HEX}3f5ca6203f8cdaa44d9160575c1ee1d77abcf59ca5f852d1 contains the password encoded to hex
This can be especially useful with plaintext passwords to encode characters that would otherwise be illegal. For example in passwd-file you couldn't use a ":" character in the password without encoding it to base64 or hex. For example: {PLAIN}{\}:!" is the same as {PLAIN.b64}e1x9OiEiCg==.
You can also specify the encoding with dovecotpw. For example: dovecotpw -s plain.b64
For most of the salted password schemes (SMD5, SSHA*) the salt is stored after the password hash and its length can vary. When hashing the password, append the salt after the plaintext password, e.g.: SSHA256(pass, salt) = SHA256(pass + salt) + salt.
For example with SSHA256 you know that the hash itself is 32 bytes (256 bits/8 bits per byte). Everything after that 32 bytes is the salt. For example if you have a password:
After base64 decoding it you'll see that its length is 36 bytes, so the first 32 bytes are the hash and the following 4 bytes are the salt:
length: echo SoR/78T5q0UPFng8UCXWQxOUKhzrJZlwfNtllAupAeUT+kQv|base64 -d|wc -c -> 36
hash: echo SoR/78T5q0UPFng8UCXWQxOUKhzrJZlwfNtllAupAeUT+kQv|base64 -d|dd bs=1 count=32|hexdump -C -> 4a 84 7f ef c4 f9 ab 45 0f 16 78 3c 50 25 d6 43 13 94 2a 1c eb 25 99 70 7c db 65 94 0b a9 01 e5
salt: echo SoR/78T5q0UPFng8UCXWQxOUKhzrJZlwfNtllAupAeUT+kQv|base64 -d|dd bs=1 skip=32|hexdump -C -> 13 fa 44 2f
Other common hash sizes are:
- MD5: 16 bytes
- SHA: 20 bytes
- SHA256: 32 bytes
- SHA512: 64 bytes
The web management gui VBoxAdm has some code dealing with creation and verification of salted hashes in Perl. However not all password schemes provided by dovecotpw are supported. Have a look at the module VBoxAdm::DovecotPW for more details.


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Nursing (BSN/RN to BSN)
Shown here are the general learning goals of the program broken down into specific student learning outcomes (SLOs). These SLOs represent what a student should be able to do as a result of successfully completing this program. Student performance on these outcomes are routinely assessed by program faculty as a way of informing programmatic improvement efforts.
Goal | Outcome |
1. At graduation the student is expected to demonstrate leadership skills in coordinating nursing care as well as in delegating and supervising nursing care provided by others. |
2. At graduation the student is expected to employ effective communication skills (listening, verbal, nonverbal, and written) with individuals, families, groups, and communities as well as members of the health care team. |
3. At graduation the student is expected to engage in evidence-based practice through the utilization of critical thinking skills and state-of-the art knowledge for persons with varying health promotion, health maintenance, health restoration, and end-of-life care needs. |
4. At graduation the student is expected to provide holistic nurisng care to individuals, families, groups, and communities across the lifespan based on professional nursing standards. |
5. Participate in formal and informal experiences that promote personal and professional growth and lifelong learning. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Michael E. Krauss
Michael E. Krauss (born August 15, 1934) is an American linguist, professor emeritus, founder and long-time head of the Alaska Native Language Center. As of February 2013, the Alaska Native Language Archive is named after him.
Krauss is known first and foremost as an Eyak language specialist, a language that became extinct in January 2008. However, he has worked on all of the 20 Native Languages of Alaska, 19 of which belong to the Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit and Eskimo–Aleut language families. He does not believe in a hypothetical language family called Na-Dené.
With his 1991 address to the Linguistic Society of America, Krauss was among the first to create an awareness of the global problem of endangered languages. He has since worked to encourage the documentation and re-vitalization of endangered languages across the world.
Krauss joined the faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in 1960 and served as director of the Alaska Native Language Center from its inception in 1972 until his retirement in June 2000. He remains active in efforts to document Alaska's Native languages and encouraged awareness of the global problem of endangered languages.
Krauss received a B.A. from University of Chicago (1952); M.A. from Columbia University, (1954); and Ph.D. from Harvard University (1959)
Krauss conducted fieldwork with Gaelic in Western Ireland (1956–1958)
This section requires expansion. (May 2008) |
Krauss conducted fieldwork with Norse languages in Iceland and in the Faroe Islands (1958–1960).
This section requires expansion. (May 2008) |
Athabaskan Comparative Linguistics[edit]
After completing a dissertation on Gaelic languages Krauss arrived in Alaska in 1960 to teach French at the University of Alaska. But Krauss was clearly aware of and interested in the indigenous languages of Alaska prior to his arrival. In fact, while en route to Alaska he visited Harry Hoijer, the leading scholar of Athabaskan languages at the time. Arriving in Alaska he became immediately aware of the dire situation of the indigenous languages of Alaska and quickly turned his attention to documenting those languages, focusing initially on the (Lower) Tanana language. This turned out to be quite fortuitous for scholars of Athabaskan comparative linguistics, as Lower Tanana nicely demonstrated a split in the Proto-Athabaskan *ts- series which was not evidenced in Hoijer's data. Although Krauss immediately communicated this new information to Hoijer, it was not incorporated into Hoijer's major Athabaskan monograph, printed in 1963. The Minto data did appear in a series of IJAL articles by Krauss in the mid to late 1960s, but it was some time before the existence of an additional Proto-Athabaskan affricate series became widely known.
Krauss' largest contribution to language documentation is his work on Eyak, conducted through much of the 1960s. Eyak was then already the most endangered of the Alaskan languages, and Krauss' work is all the more notable considering that it represents what today might be considered salvage linguistics. While some Eyak data had been previously available, they were overlooked by previous scholars, including Edward Sapir. However, Eyak proved to be a crucial missing link for historical linguistics, being equally closely related to neighboring Ahtna and to distant Navajo. With good Eyak data it became possible to establish the existence of the Athabaskan–Eyak–Tlingit language family, though phonological evidence for links to Haida remained elusive. Further, the system of vowel modifications present in Eyak inspired Krauss' theory of Athabaskan tonogenesis, whereby tone develops from vowel constriction.
Athabaskan Tonogenesis[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2008) |
Endangered Languages[edit]
Michael Krauss contends that in the United States, children are only learning 20% of the world's remaining languages.[1]
This section requires expansion. (May 2008) |
Selected bibliography[edit]
- Badten, Adelinda W.; Krauss, Michael E.; & Rubtsova, Ekaterina S. (1971). Ungazighmiit ungipaghaatangit. College: University of Alaska.
- Friedrich, Paul; & Krauss, Michael E. (1969). On the meaning of the Tarascan suffixes of space. Baltimore, Waverly Press.
- Gudgel-Holmes, Dianne; Joseph, Abbie; Jones, Eliza; Kari, James M.; & Krauss, Michael E. (1991). Native place names of the Kantishna drainage. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office.
- Hale, Ken; Krauss, Michael; Watahomigie, Lucille J.; Yamamoto, Akira Y.; Craig, Colette; Jeanne, LaVerne M.; England, Nora C et al. (1992). "Endangered languages". Language 68 (1): 1–42. doi:10.2307/416368. JSTOR 416368.
- Harry, Annan N.; & Krauss, Michael E. (1982). In honor of Eyak: The art of Annan Nelson Harry. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska.
- Krauss, Michael E. (n.d.). Na-Dene. College, AK: University of Alaska and M.I.T.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1964). "The proto-Athapaskan–Eyak and the problem of Na-Dene, I: The phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics 30 (2): 118–131. doi:10.1086/464766.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1965). "The proto-Athapaskan–Eyak and the problem of Na-Dene, II: The morphology". International Journal of American Linguistics 31 (1): 18–28. doi:10.1086/464810.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1968). "Noun classifiers in the Athapaskan, Eyak, Tlingit, and Haida verb". International Journal of American Linguistics 34 (3): 194–203. doi:10.1086/465014.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1969). On the classification in the Athapascan, Eyak, and the Tlingit verb. Baltimore: Waverly Press, Indiana University.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1970). Eskimo–Aleut. The Hague: Mouton.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1970). Eyak dictionary. College, AK: University of Alaska.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1970). Eyak texts. College, AK: University of Alaska and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1973). Na-Dene. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Linguistics in North America (pp. 903–978). The Hague: Mouton. (Reprinted as Krauss 1976).
- Krauss, Michael E. (1974). Native peoples and language of Alaska. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, Center for Northern Educational Research, University of Alaska.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1975). Native peoples and languages of Alaska. [Map]. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1976). Na-Dene. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.), Native languages of the America (pp. 283–358). New York: Plenum. (Reprint of Krauss 1973).
- Krauss, Michael E. (1979). Na-Dene and Eskimo. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1980). Alaska native languages: Past, present, and future. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1980). On the history and use comparative Athapaskan linguistics. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, Native Language Center.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1982). Native peoples and languages of Alaska. [Map]. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1985). Yupik Eskimo prosodic systems: Descriptive and comparative studies. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1986). Edward Sapir and Athabaskan linguistics. In W. Cowan, M. Foster, & K. Koerner (Eds.), New perspectives in language, culture, and personality (pp. 147–190). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1992). The World's Languages in Crisis. Language 68(1).4-10.
- Krauss, Michael E. (1995). Inuit, Nunait, Nunangit, Yuget, Unangan Tanangin. [Map]. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
- Krauss, Michael E. (2005). Athabaskan Tone. In: Keren Rice and Sharon Hargus, eds, Athabaskan Prosody, ed. by Keren Rice & Sharon Hargus. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4783-8
- Krauss, Michael E.; & Leer, Jeff. (1981). Athabaskan, Eyak, and Tlingit sonorants. Alaska Native Language Center research papers (No. 5). Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, Alaska Native Language Center.
- Krauss, Michael E.; & McGary, Mary J. (1980). Alaska native languages: A bibliographical catalogue. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center.
- ^ "An Introduction to Language", by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman and Nina Hyams, seventh edition, 525
External links[edit]
- short bio at YDLI
- Krauss' statement at hearing on S.2688, (Native American Languages Act Amendments Act of 2000) (PDF)


text:
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Eschalon: Book II - May 12 Release Date
April 27th, 2010, 10:33
The highly anticipated indie CRPG Eschalon: Book II will be released on May 12 for Windows, with other versions soon after. Here's the official PR:
Basilisk Games Announces the Release Date for Eschalon: Book IIMore information.
Indianapolis, IN - April 27, 2010 - Basilisk Games, Inc. today announced the release date for Eschalon: Book II for Windows, Macintosh and Linux.
"We are very excited to finally be able to announce the release dates to our second game, Eschalon: Book II, after more than two years of development" said Thomas Riegsecker, Lead Developer of the Eschalon series. "Eschalon: Book II is considerably bigger and better than the first game, and incorporates over 60 fan-suggested enhancements."
Eschalon: Book II is scheduled for release on May 12th, 2010 for Windows based computers. Basilisk Games will release the Macintosh and Linux versions of the game on May 26th, 2010. Eschalon: Book II will be available as a digital download on most major distribution services and directly from Basilisk Games website.
About Eschalon: Book II
Eschalon: Book II is the sequel to 2007's hit independent role-playing game, Eschalon: Book I. Continue your journey across massive outdoor environments and deep into twisted dungeons as you seek to uncover the mystery of your past and who is behind the menace that threatens all of Eschalon. No experience with the first game is needed to enjoy this second chapter in the Eschalon trilogy. More information on the game and links to the video trailer can be found online at http://basiliskgames.com/eschalon_book_ii
About Basilisk Games
Founded in 2005, Basilisk Games is an independent game developer located in Indianapolis, Indiana. The company's mission is to produce compelling old-school computer role-playing games for gamers who still remember what great computer RPGs used to be about: "Single-player. Turn-based. Stat heavy. Story driven." Visit Basilisk Games online at http://basiliskgames.com
April 27th, 2010, 10:43
According to the website, "once the digital download version is available".
-= RPGWatch =-
-= RPGWatch =-
April 27th, 2010, 12:01
w00t! Will be picking this one up as soon as it comes out, glad they've made it through to a second release.
April 27th, 2010, 12:24
excellent - there seems to be little on the horizon Rpg-wise so this should tide me over nicely ;-) I quite enjoyed the 1st title, although it was a little short. Anyone know if Book II is going to be substantially longer?
April 27th, 2010, 12:39
Originally Posted by BasiliskWranglerhttp://www.basiliskgames.com/forums/…p=13034#p13034
Book II will be longer than Book I in terms of more quests and areas to explore. But like Book I, Book II's length is largely going to be determined by how much extra stuff you do. It would be impossible to say how much time will be required since everyone plays at different speeds, but we would like to provide a 40-hour experience for the average player. In comparison, Book I was a 20-25 hour game for most people.
I know the quote is nearly two years old, but I hope that answers your question booboo.
April 27th, 2010, 14:42
Demo??? just buy it
Well, seriously it is like this, you download the "shareware" version which is the demo… and after that if you want to go on playing…. just buy the code.
Well, seriously it is like this, you download the "shareware" version which is the demo… and after that if you want to go on playing…. just buy the code.
April 27th, 2010, 15:42
Excellent. I can see many beautiful spring days when I should be outside with me hunched over the computer addicted to this instead. Great news.
Where there's smoke, there's mirrors.
Where there's smoke, there's mirrors.
April 27th, 2010, 20:03
I wonder if I could get mine early if I just drove to Indianapolis? It's just 4 hours away. I think DTE practically lives in the Wrangler's back yard….
April 27th, 2010, 20:09
Outstanding, my calendar is marked. I've been looking forward to this game since, well, since I finished Eschalon I.
April 27th, 2010, 21:57
Originally Posted by Jedi_LearnerThat sounds really great for an Indie title - I'm even more enthusiastic now!
..but we would like to provide a 40-hour experience for the average player. In comparison, Book I was a 20-25 hour game for most people.
I know the quote is nearly two years old, but I hope that answers your question booboo.
April 27th, 2010, 22:10
Side question - can one get back problems from being hunched over the computer for too long. Mine's been bugging me. It's probably DTE's fault.
Last edited by Thrasher; April 28th, 2010 at 00:44.
April 28th, 2010, 05:25
Cool! I've been waiting since I picked up E1 a while ago. And the timing is almost perfect.
Oh that? It's just the cat sir.
Oh that? It's just the cat sir.
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text:
I've been talking about user-space file systems for several articles now. The concept of being able to quickly create a file system using almost any language you want using FUSE (File System in Userspace) libraries and kernel module is a very powerful one (however I'm still waiting on the Fortran bindings). One can build a file system that meets a particular set of requirements without having to develop and maintain kernel patches for a long period of time, without having to ask testers to apply the kernel patches and test, and then going through the kernel gauntlet. It can be developed quickly, with a variety of languages, get immediate feedback from testers, does not have to be tied to a particular kernel release, does not require a kernel patch and/or rebuild.
GlusterFS is a very sophisticated GPLv3 file system that uses FUSE. It allows you to aggregate disparate storage devices, which GlusterFS refers to as "storage bricks", into a single storage pool or namespace. It is what is sometimes referred to as a "meta-file-system" which is a file system built on top of another file system. Other examples of meta-file-systems include Lustre and PanFS (Panasas' file system). The storage in each brick is formatted using a local file system such as ext3 or ext4, and then GlusterFS uses those file systems for storing data (files and directories).
Arguably one of the coolest features of GlusterFS is the concept of "translators" that provide specific functionality such as IO schedulers, clustering, striping, replication, different network protocols, etc. They can be "stacked" or linkned to create a file system that meets your specific needs. Using translators, GlusterFS can be used to create simple NFS storage, scalable cloud storage with replication, or even High-Performance Computing (HPC) storage. You just create a simple text file tells GlusterFS the translators you want for the server and the client along with some options and then you start up GlusterFS. It's that simple.
But getting the translators in the proper order with the proper functionality you want can sometimes be a long process. There is a company, www.gluster.com, that develops GlusterFS and also provides for-fee support for GlusterFS. They have also taken GlusterFS and combined it with a simple Linux distribution to create a software storage appliance. You just pop it into a server that either has some attached storage or SAN storage, and you can quickly build a storage cluster.
GlusterFS is arguably the most sophisticated FUSE based file system with a great deal of capability. Let's take a look at it to understand the capabilities and how it can be used.
The current version of GlusterFS is 3.0.5 (July 8, 2010) but it has evolved over time. To properly discuss GlusterFS I think we need to jump back to the versions prior to 2.0.8. In these versions creating the file system "translator stack" was a more manual process that took some time and experimentation to develop.
GlusterFS Before 2.0.8
For versions prior to 2.0.8 of GlusterFS and earlier (basically version 2.0.7 on down), configuring GlusterFS required more manual work but also offered the opportunity for highly tuned configurations. GlusterFS used the concept of a stackable file system where you could "stack" capabilities in some fashion to achieve the desired behavior you want (that may sound vague but keep reading because it gets more specific). In particular, GlusterFS uses translators which each provide a specific capability such as replication, striping, and so on. So connecting or stacking translators allows you to combine capabilities to achieve the design you want. Let's examine version 2.0.7 and how one can build a GlusterFS file system.
GlusterFS begins with the concept of a storage brick. It is really a sever that is attached to a network with some sort of storage either directly attached (DAS) or has some storage via a SAN (Storage Area Network). On top of this storage you create a local file system using ext3, ext4, or another local Linux file system (ext3 is the most commonly used file system for GlusterFS). GlusterFS is a "meta-file-system" that collects these disparate file systems and uses them as the underlying storage. If you like analogies, these local file systems are the blocks and inodes of GlusterFS (Note: there are other meta-file-systems such as Lustre).
GlusterFS allows you to aggregate these bricks into a cohesive name space using the stacked translators. How you stack the translators, what network protocols you use, how you select the storage bricks, how you create the local file systems, all contribute to the capacity, performance, and manageability of GlusterFS. If you haven't read between the lines, one can easily say theat the "devil is in the details" so let's start with system requirements and configuration details for GlusterFS.
Recall that GlusterFS is in user-space so at the very least you'll need a kernel on both the storage servers and the clients that is "FUSE-ready". You also need to have libfuse installed, version 2.6.5 or newer. The GlusterFS User Guide suggests that you use Gluster's patched FUSE implementation to improve performance.
If you want to use InfiniBand then you'll need to have OFED or an equivalent stack installed on the servers and the clients. If you want to improve any web performance you'll need mod_glusterfs for Apache installed. Also, if you want better small file performance, you can install Berkeley DB (it uses a distributed Berkeley DB backend). Then finally you'll need to download GlusterFS – either in binary form for a particular distribution or in source form. This web page gives you details on the various installation options.
Assuming that we have all the software pieces installed on at least the servers the next step is to configure the servers. The configuration of GlusterFS is usually contained in /etc/glusterfs. In this directory you will create a file that is called a volume specification. There are two volume specification files you need to create – one for the server and one for the client. It's a good idea to have both files on the server.
The volume specification in general is pretty simple. Here is an example from the Installation Guide volume colon-o type storage/posix option directory /export end-volume volume server type protocol/server subvolumes colon-o option transport-type tcp option auth.addr.colon-o.allow * end-volume The first section of the volume specification describes a volume called "colon-o". It uses the POSIX translator so that it is POSIX compliant. It also exports a directory, /export.
volume colon-o type storage/posix option directory /export end-volume volume server type protocol/server subvolumes colon-o option transport-type tcp option auth.addr.colon-o.allow * end-volume
The second part of the volume specification describes the server portion of GlusterFS. In this case it says that this volume specification is for a server (type protocol/server). Then it defines that this server has a subvolume called "colon-o". The third line, after defining the volume, states that the server will be using tcp. And finally the line "option auth.addr.colon-o.allow *" allows any client to access colon-o.
After creating the server volume specification file, the next step is to define the client volume specification. The Installation Guide has a sample file that is reproduced here. volume client type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host server-ip-address option remote-subvolume colon-o end-volume The file defines a volume called "client" and states that it is a client ("type protocol/client"). It uses tcp (next line down), and then defines the IP address of the server (just replace "server-ip-address" with the address of the particular server). Then finally it states that it will use a remote subvolume named colon-o.
volume client type protocol/client option transport-type tcp option remote-host server-ip-address option remote-subvolume colon-o end-volume
Once these files are created, then you just start GlusterFS on the server and you start GlusterFS on the clients. The commands are pretty simple – on the server the command is, # glusterfsd -f /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol where /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol is the volume specification created for the server.
# glusterfsd -f /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol
On the client, the command is fairly similar, # glusterfs -f /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs.vol /mnt/glusterfs where /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs.vol is the name of the client volume specification file (be sure it is on every client or it is in a common name space shared by all clients – perhaps a simple NFS mounted directory). The second argument to "glusterfs" is the mount point, /mnt/glusterfs. Be sure this mount point exists before trying to mount the file system.
# glusterfs -f /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs.vol /mnt/glusterfs
For configuring and starting GlusterFS on a cluster you can use a parallel shell tool such as pdsh to create the mount point on all of the clients and then run the "glusterfs" command to mount the file system on all of the clients.
As I mentioned previously, there are a large number of translators available for GlusterFS. These translators give GlusterFS the ability to tailor the file system to achieve specific behavior. The list of translators is fairly long but deserves to be listed to show the strength of GlusterFS and perhaps more importantly, user space file systems.
But the power of GlusterFS, it's configurability through the numerous translators, can also make it difficult to setup. What's the proper order for the translators? Which translators are better on the client and which one's are better on the server? What is the order of translators for the best performance or best reliability or best capacity utilization? In the next generation of GlusterFS, the developers have made installation and configuration a bit easier.
GlusterFS From 2.0.8 to 3.0
This version of GlusterFS has some of the basic system requirements of the earlier versions:
In this version, GlusterFS is still a meta-file-system so it's built on top of other local file systems such as ext3 and ext4. However, according to the GlusterFS website, xfs works but has much poorer performance than other file systems. So be sure to build the file systems on each server prior to the configuring and starting GlusterFS.
Recall that after GlusterFS is installed on the servers and the clients the next step is to create the volume specification files on the server. Prior to version 2.0.8 we had to create these files by hand. While not difficult, it was time consuming and errors could easily have been introduced. Starting with version 2.0.8 and extending into version 3.x of GlusterFS, there is a new command, glusterfs-volgen that creates the volume specification file for you. A simple example from the Server Installation and Configuration Guide illustrates how to do this. # glusterfs-volgen --name store1 hostname1:/export/sdb1 hostname2:/export/sdb1 \ hostname3:/export/sdb1 hostname4:/export/sdb1 The options are pretty simple: "–name" is the name of the volume (in this case "store1″). After that is a list of the hosts and their GlusterFS volumes that are used in the file system.
# glusterfs-volgen --name store1 hostname1:/export/sdb1 hostname2:/export/sdb1 \ hostname3:/export/sdb1 hostname4:/export/sdb1
For this particular example, a total of 4 files are created by the glusterfs-volgen command. hostname1-store1-export.vol hostname2-store1-export.vol hostname3-store1-export.vol hostname4-store1-export.vol store1-tcp.vol The first four files are for the servers (you can pick out which file belongs to which server) and the fifth file is for the clients.
hostname1-store1-export.vol hostname2-store1-export.vol hostname3-store1-export.vol hostname4-store1-export.vol store1-tcp.vol
This example creates a simple distributed volume (i.e. no striping or replication). You can create those volumes as well with some simple additional options to glusterfs-volgen.
One the volume specification files are created by "glusterfs-volgen" then you can copy them, using something like scp, to the appropriate server. But you will also need to copy the client file to all clients or you can use a nifty new feature of GlusterFS to allow each server to pull the correct file. The following command # glusterfs --volfile-server=hostname1 /mnt/glusterfs tells GlusterFS where to get the volume specification file and where to mount GlusterFS (just be sure the mount point exists on all clients before using this command). This command will look for the file, /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs.vol so you can either copy the client file to this file on hostfile1 or you can symlink the client file to it.
# glusterfs --volfile-server=hostname1 /mnt/glusterfs
At this point we've configured the servers and we can start glusterfs on each one as we did before. # glusterfsd -f /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol where /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol is the volume specification created for the server. On Redhat style systems you can also used the command, # /etc/init.d/glusterfsd [start|stop] which looks for the file, /etc/glusterfs/glusterfsd.vol on each server. Be sure this file is the correct one for each server.
# /etc/init.d/glusterfsd [start|stop]
The client portion of GlusterFS is just as easy as the server. You download the correct binary or you build it from source. The next step is to actually mount the volume you want on the client. You need a client volume specification file on each client before trying to mount GlusterFS. Previously it was mentioned that it's possible to have the client pull the client volume specification file from a server. Alternatively you could just copy the the client volume specification file from the server to every client using something like pdsh. Regardless, the .vol file needs to be on every client as /etc/glusterfs/glusterfs.vol.
You can mount glusterfs using the normal "mount" command with the glusterfs type option. # mount -t glusterfs hostname1 /mnt/glusterfs Or you can put the mount command in the /etc/fstab file just like any other file system.
# mount -t glusterfs hostname1 /mnt/glusterfs
GlusterFS can also use Samba to re-export the file system to Windows clients. But one aspect that many people are not fond of is that GlusterFS requires that you use a user-space NFS server, unfs3, for re-exporting GlusterFS over NFS. You cannot use the kernel NFS server to re-export GlusterFS – you have to use unfs3. You can use any NFS client you wish, but on the server you have to use unfs3.
GlusterFS – The Model for Future File System Development?
The last several articles I've been talking about user-space file systems. While good, stable, and useful file systems are notoriously difficult to write, it is perhaps more difficult to get a new file system into the kernel for obvious reasons. FUSE allows you to write a file system in user space which has all kinds of benefits – faster release of code, no kernel recompiles, languages other than C can be used (I'm still waiting for the Fortran bindings). But is it worthwhile to write very extensive file systems in FUSE?
GlusterFS is an example of how much you can achieve by writing file systems using FUSE. It is likely the most configurable file system available with many options to achieve the behavior you want. The concept of stackable translators allows you to tune the transport protocol, the IO schedulers (at least within GlusterFS), clustering options, etc., to achieve the behavior, performance, and capacity you want (or need). Even better, you could always write a translator to give you a specific feature for you application(s). I would bet big money that you could never get something like this into the kernel – and why would you?
Keeping the file system in user space allows developers to rapidly update code and get it in the hands of testers. If the file system was in the kernel, the pace of release would be much longer and the pace of testing could possibly slower. Who wants to roll out a new kernel to test out a new file system version? Almost everyone is very conservative with their kernel and rightful so.
GlusterFS is a very cool file system for many reasons. It allows you to aggregate and use disparate storage reasons in a variety of ways. It is in use at a number of sites for very large storage arrays, for high performance computing, and for specific application arrays such as bioinformatics that have particular IO patterns (particularly nasty IO patterns in many cases). Be sure to give it a try if it suits your needs.
But I can't help but wonder if GlusterFS represents the future of file system development for Linux?


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WTO in the American Business in China White Paper
Sector | Summary | Link |
Agriculture | Progress in liberalizing agricultural trade. | Agriculture White Paper 2011 |
Banking | Domestic banking sector remains closed to meaningful foreign participation. | Banking White Paper 2011 |
Business Procurement Services | Lifting restrictions on State-Owned Enterprises for using foreign service providers. | Business Process Outsourcing White Paper 2011 |
Direct Sales | Applauded for compliance in obligation to pass direct sales regulations and open direct sales market. | Direct Sales White Paper 2011 |
Energy | China needs to lift or reduce tariffs on many energy-related capital goods and fully open retail sales of petroleum products to foreign companies without equity caps. | Energy White Paper 2011 |
Government Procurement | Revised Government Procurement Agreement Offer. | Government Procurement White Paper 2011 |
Healthcare | Ban of medical devices with bovine components is contrary to WTO obligations. | Healthcare, Medical Equipment and Devices White Paper 2011 |
Information Technology (IT) |
Voice over Internet protocol restrictions a violation of free flow of information required for economic development. | Information and Communications Technology and Cyber Security White Paper 2011 |
Innovation Policy | Subsidized research and development for Domestic Enterprises. | Innovation Policy White Paper 2011 |
Legal | Foreign lawyers are barred from participating in certain types of meetings at government deptartments, and legal services are closed to foreign law firms. | Legal Services White Paper 2011 |
Retail | China has removed most restrictions on foreign-invested retailers, including those governing location, proportion of ownership and the number of outlets. | |
Standards | Adopting international standards. |
WTO in the China Brief archives
With increasing competition from both domestic and foreign automakers, reorganization and cooperation with foreign The best course for China in response to the current economic downturn is to ensure that its domestic firms have access to the growing government procurement markets in the US Intellectual Property Rights IPR protection has caused major international corporations to rethink their willingness to venture into the China market. Open for Business:
competitors remain the best hope for China's auto industry.On the Move:
China's Automotive Industry Post-WTO
China Brief 2002
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
and around the world by becoming a party to the GPA.Time for China to Enter
the WTO's GPA
China Brief 2009
IPR is an issue that impacts virtually every industry,
and will be used as a benchmark to measure China's
progress in meeting its WTO obligations.
The market access commitments are a major breakthrough
for companies engaged in distribution and trading activities in the China.
Post-WTO Distribution and Trading in China
China Brief 2002


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Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
From: Hillmer, Jan (HillmJan_at_TeacherArtExchange) Date: Fri Jul 13 2007 - 04:48:26 PDT
http://www.civa.org/ for Christians in the Visual Arts.
Jan in Tampa
-----Original Message----- From: Chris Lincoln [mailto:email@example.com] Sent: Thursday, July 12, 2007 10:22 PM To: TeacherArtExchange Discussion Group Subject: Re: [teacherartexchange] A few questions
On 7/12/07, email@example.com <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: > > #1) I'm about to teach art for a week at a Christian summer camp (and it is > expected to be an ART class...not cookie-cutter type crafts)- grades 3-6. > I thought a cool way to approach the class would be to introduce Christian > artists. I know many artists did religious work because the Church > commissioned it, and not necessarily because they were religious people. > I'd rather focus on artists for whom their faith and their art were truly > connected. Suggestions? > > Hi Heather,
I teach at a K-8 Catholic school and I have introduced Corita Kent, a 60's printmaker who focused on social justice, and the renaissaince artists...good luck!
--- To unsubscribe go to http://www.getty.edu/education/teacherartexchange/unsubscribe.html --- To unsubscribe go to http://www.getty.edu/education/teacherartexchange/unsubscribe.html


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Michigan Citizen 4/20/2002 V.XXIV; N.21 p. B1
Collecting Our Story
Akwamu, Kwasi
While the Detroit Electronic Music Festival will be held for only its third year this May, not everyone looks at it as the contemporary phenomenon that it is. It is true that the festival lured over a million people from around the world during the past two years, but the music form that is the rave of Europe has local roots. Khalid El-Hakim, a local school teacher who has included festival posters in his traveling museum of historical artifacts, known as the Bell Collection, equates the founders of electronic music with the likes of W. C. Handy and Jimi Hendrix. "A lot of people don't know that techno is a Black music form," says El-Hakim. "The music of Detroit Electronic Music Festival goes back to the late '80s. Being in high school, we used to go to the Underground Park where Juan Atkins, Derrick Mays, and Kevin Saunderson were the deejays of the day." Named after his family, the Bell Collection is El-Hakim's attempt to rescue the physical history of Black people. When last inventoried a few years ago, El-Hakim counted around 700 pieces. Today he says there has to be well over a thousand items in his collection. A recent trip to Chicago enabled him to meet Sam Greenlee, author of the radical 1969 novel, The Spook Who Sat By The Door, and to return home with a signed copy of the original promotional poster ... and an unused 8-track tape of Eldridge Cleaver speaking. The collection includes "racist items, sports, music, Black Power items, civil rights items, toys, literature, just anything that had something to do with Black people in general," he says. "Over the past 10 years I have ended up collecting probably one of the most diverse collections that a lot of people have seen." Remember when Barbie had an Afro, or when Malcolm X graced the Sept. 12, 1964 cover of New York's Saturday Evening Post, or when Sambo sold Gold Dust washing powder? El-Hakim's collection recalls these and more. While El-Hakim recalls collecting frivolous items such as comic books and baseball cards as a teen, his current collection was inspired. "I really started off in the mind-set of collecting things," recalls El-Hakim. "But as I grew older the focus became more on African American artifacts. What hipped me to it was a college professor I had back at Ferris State, David Pilgrim. His focus was collecting racist memorabilia. He opened a museum called the Jim Crow Museum at Ferris State that has about 6000 pieces of the most racist, ugliest images of Black people ever produced. It was a really deep experience." Touring for the past five years, El-Hakim has presented his exhibit before audiences as diverse as the Detroit City Council, the New Black Panther Nation, Black Cinema Caf�, and prisoners at the Mound Correctional Facility. He eventually looks to establishing his collection at a permanent site. "My goal," he says, "is to have these items in the public eye. It does me no benefit to say I have this in my house. I want people to be able to touch and fell, to look at 'em, to have access to 'em." Viewing with distaste the naming of galleries and the theather at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History after white corporations, El-Hakim is specific in what support he seeks to establish his collection. "I want, when I open this museum," he says, "to be fully funded and supported by the Black community and Black corporations. I would rather not take a dime from anyone other than us, and definitely no white corporate sponsorship. I would refuse it because it comes at too big of a price." El-Hakim contends, however, that Black people stand to pay a bigger price if we don't do a better job at preserving our history. "If we don't keep hold of our possessions, then white folks come in and take our stuff and sell it on the market as they [tried] to do with the Malcolm X collection," he says. "Most of the stuff I get from white people. And white people should not have some of the things that I have, such as personal belongings that should be ours." Those interested in booking the Bell Collection can call (313) 582-4090. Article copyright Michigan Citizen.


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Young readers invited to enter letters about literature contest |
Young readers in grades 4–12 are invited to write a personal letter to an author for Letters about Literature (LAL), a national reading and writing promotion program. The letter can be to any author (living or dead) from any genre–fiction or nonfiction, contemporary or classic–explaining how that author's work changed the student's view of the world. |


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Sochi 2014: Men's hockey Canada vs Norway
Join our post-game chat and discuss the latest Team Canada men's hockey game with senior hockey writer Mike Brophy. After each Canadian men's hockey game at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, we'll host a live chat for analysis, questions and second-guessing. Submit your questions to @CBCOlympics using the hashtag #cbchockey
Did you watch the CAN/NOR game? Send in your questions for the live chat with @HockeyBroph now. #cbchockeyby CBC Olympics via twitter retweeted by Maurice_Bear 2/13/2014 7:19:41 PM
Did you watch the CAN/NOR game? Send in your Qs for the live chat with @HockeyBroph now. #cbchockeyby HockeyNightInCanada via twitter 2/13/2014 7:19:43 PM
by Patrick White via twitter 2/13/2014 7:25:55 PM
@hockeynight @HockeyBroph With the forst game out of the way, do you see Canada havin a better start against Austria" #cbchockey ?by Saboothatswho via twitter 2/13/2014 7:26:43 PM
@hockeynight @HockeyBroph In your opinion who was Canada's best player and grade Price's performance. #cbchockeyby Saboothatswho via twitter 2/13/2014 7:27:44 PM
@CBCOlympics @HockeyBroph Do you think at least 1 Norwegian should have been selected as star of the game considering 3-1 final? #CBCHockeyby LJNor via twitter 2/13/2014 7:28:52 PM
Shea Weber on what he liked: "we got better as the game went on." What he didn't like: "we were too fancy" on offence.by Elliotte Friedman via twitter 2/13/2014 7:29:15 PM
I am doing a live chat now at cbc.ca/olympics. Hope you can join meby Mike Brophy via twitter 2/13/2014 7:32:38 PM
@hockeynight A flat performance by both teams. Much closer score than I thought it would be. Don't know why Norway didn't pull the goalie?!by G. J. Frazho via twitter 2/13/2014 7:39:00 PM
by SteveKelly17 via twitter 2/13/2014 7:42:09 PM
Smith will backup Luongo tomorrowby Elliotte Friedman via twitter 2/13/2014 7:42:28 PM
Babcock says Smith will back up Luongo on Friday vs Austria.by Tim Wharnsby via twitter 2/13/2014 7:42:55 PM
@CBCOlympics @HockeyBroph Crosby had a pretty quiet game... Who do you think should play on his line going forward in the tourney?by Kyle Fraser via twitter 2/13/2014 7:47:36 PM
@CBCOlympics @HockeyBroph how did the coaching staff and players like the new ice time per player? Since most get more back in thr #nhlby TriCountyChamp via twitter 2/13/2014 7:48:44 PM
@CBCOlympics @HockeyBroph Why was the game so boring?by rohocop via twitter 2/13/2014 7:50:15 PM
@hockeynight @HockeyBroph do you think Canada should play a better checking game? Not playing the body enough!!by Rick Duff via twitter 2/13/2014 7:51:19 PM


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Ponytail | |
Ponytail, seen in 865: Nanobots | |
First appearance | 84: National Language |
Known appearances | 144 |
Ponytail is a stick figure character in xkcd. She is distinguished from other characters by her white ponytail hair.
[edit] Name
Her name may be Joanna, as suggested in 322: Pix Plz. A girl named Sarah with a ponytail appears in 84: National Language. However, this comic seems to be about the real-life friend of Randall.
[edit] Characteristics
Ponytail is mainly a filler character, showing up when two females are needed or when a large group of people are present. In most comics where she has a specific role, she tends to have more educated roles such as in 451: Impostor as an engineer. In 659: Lego, a smaller version of Ponytail is shown, with Cueball as her father. She seems to be typically less nerdy and more energetic than Megan (e.g. 588: Pep Rally).
[edit] See also


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Programming Best Practices: Profiling
My first task coming back from my work stress blogging hiatus is to finally fix problems with Akismet Auntie Spam that Lorelle reported over a month ago — if your Akismet spambox has over 10,000 spam comments then Auntie Spam is going to crash hard. Viewing that many comments at once will make Firefox use eight times more memory than normal web browsing, even without using Auntie Spam [1].
This means it's time to do some code profiling [2]. In programming, profiling means to measure your code and find out which parts are using the most time and the most memory. Profiling gives you performance analysis measurements so that you can optimize your program for speed and/or memory.
"Don't prematurely optimize" is a programming Best Practice, and it can be summed up in the words of my grandfather: "measure twice and cut once". You can guess at what parts need fixing, but it is much more effective to measure how your program performs so that you can focus on the worst parts. They have the most room for improvement. Without profiling you could easily spend several hours optimizing a loop that executes in negligible time and ignore the three lines that copy huge chunks of memory for No Apparent Reason. Get it working, and then use your profiler to get it working fast.
Profiling is a Skill
I've been creating Greasemonkey scripts using javascript for a year now, and this is my first time firing up any kind of javascript profiler. It really struck me that I waited too long to do this. Don't prematurely optimize, but also don't waste any time learning how to run a profiler on your code and interpret the results. If you've never gone through the process of optimizing code in a language you regularly use, then you've been relying on all kinds of bad habits [3]. Learn how to integrate a profiler with your program as soon as possible so that performance analysis doesn't become one of those "I'll get around to it" tasks that never happens.
Another good rule is to always test with large data sets. Ideally you want a fast case for rapid prototyping of new features, and a worst case for stressful testing of that new feature. To often we use small sets of data for development and testing. We never realize how badly our code performs in real world conditions. Speed and responsiveness play a greater factor in whether or not someone becomes a regular user of your program than you might realize.
[1] One thing WordPress does wrong is it includes all of your comment spam in their WordPress export files. One friend saw his export file decrease from 83 MB to 8 MB once he deleted the comment spam.
[2] The best way to profile Javascript is with FireBug, but it doesn't recognize Greasemonkey scripts unless you embed them in the page so FireBug can find them. Wikipedia has a list of profilers for popular languages.
[3] Some of the bad habits that were lurking in Auntie Spam:
- I was using a custom getElementsByClassName instead of an XPATH call. XPATH can be so much faster that walking the DOM.
- I had too many innerHTML assignments instead of leaving HTML as a string and then giving it to the web page to process as a final step
- Inefficient regular expressions
- Too many copies of the comments in memory
4 Responses
[1] One thing WordPress does wrong is it includes all of your comment spam in their WordPress export files.
agreed. i've been meaning to post this as a bug in trac for a while now.
Wow! I can't believe that working with Auntie Akismet on my blog will lead to a bug fix in the next version of WordPress! That's pretty impressive for a non-Plugin. I'm impressed. Be proud, my friend.
I'm looking forward to the new improved version of Auntie Akismet, especially if it won't crash my browser. I've found that anything over 1,000 comment spams slows everything down, and I get a lot more than that every day.
I would so much love to see much of what you have introduced into this powerful Greasemonkey script put into Akismet. It makes it so much easier to manage comment spam, which totally overwhelms so many bloggers.
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Region: Tel-Aviv and surroundings Category: Historical Museums
Description Gedera is the first and the only settlement that has been created by the members of the movement in 1884. The first synagogue, the first school. The whole atmosphere of the heroic pioneers' life. Worth seeing.
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A weekend to reconnect with fellow classmates, reminisce with friends, and experience Merrimack today. We look forward to seeing you back on campus to celebrate! Learn more about your reunion at: www.merrimack.edu/reunion and become a member of your class reunion committee.
For any questions, please call us at 978.837.5440 or email us!
Make a Gift Today!
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Apple Notebooks Apple's notebook computers including MacBook Pro, MacBook, MacBook Air, PowerBook, and iBook. |
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Member Since: Apr 09, 2009
Location: Ithaca NY
Posts: 2,073
Mac Specs: 13 inch alMacBook 2GHz C2D 4G DDR3, 1.25GHz G4 eMac
I went from a Power Mac G5 with a 23 inch Apple Cinema Display that I used for 4 and a half years to a 13.3 inch aluminum MacBook (basically the pro you're looking at, but with ports that I prefer). It's little, and sometimes I wish I had more screen real estate for my primary machine... Except I couldn't get what I'm looking for from a 15 inch laptop either. The 13 inch is a perfect size for a portable computer. Spaces makes it easy to get over the lack of screen real estate for multiple apps.
QUOTE Thanks |
Member Since: Sep 09, 2009
Location: Down Under :D
Posts: 5,484
Mac Specs: Back to my old 2.2GHz C2D MB after selling my MBP and wondering what my next Mac will be :)
I have the 13" MB, and would never go for a 13" again.... it's just too small! The 15" is a great solution, as it's still highly portable, yet a reasonable viewing size. I don't know how used to the 15" inch you are, but I would certainly spend some time in an Apple store playing with a 13", or if you have a friend with one, using theirs for a while to help you with your decision! |
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Member Since: Dec 14, 2009
Location: Silver Spring, MD / Vallejo, Ca
Posts: 332
Mac Specs: VZW iPhone 4 64gb Ipad 13" White Macbook * WD 500GB HD 80GB Ipod Classic
well my old windows laptop was a 17"HD screen and i'm glad I have a 13" it's just easier to carry around...and I don't have no use of a bigger display
GS3 - Nexus 7 - 13in Macbook |
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Member Since: Jan 23, 2010
Posts: 47
Macbook Pro 13, Mid 2009, 8G Ram, Hitachi 7k500 HP P4 3.0GHz, 2 G RAM DDR 400, Seagate 320GB, Samsung 250GB, LG 20.1", Samsung P4 3.0GHz, 1.5G RAM DDR2, Samsung 160GB, Dell U2311H |
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Member Since: Jan 24, 2010
Posts: 111
Ya thats what i do, It works well with me going to school having a small and light computer.
2.26 GHz White Unibody,160GB Intel X-25m, 8GB Ram, Mac mini 2.26GHz, 500GB 7200 RPM Hitachi drive, 4GB Ram |
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Member Since: Dec 21, 2009
Location: Murfreesboro, TN
Posts: 45
Mac Specs: 15" MacBook Pro 2.66GHz, OS 10.6.2, iPad2(64G)
I used a 13" for the past 3 1/2 yrs. Nice size for portability. Now I'm on a 15" and have not noticed any portability differences from my last 13 inch. I'm a pilot and the 15" fits just as well in my flight case as did the 13 inch. But, the big difference is the luxury of having a larger screen size. I think I can safely say that I will never go back to a smaller size.
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Member Since: Jun 22, 2008
Location: Forest Hills, NYC
Posts: 3,343
Mac Specs: 15-inch Early 2008; Processor 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo; Memory 4 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM; 10.7.5
Regret... Big time. Two reasons. First reason is that I HATE/LOATHE the glossy screen. It's distracting in a huge way. Secondly: As said just above, the portability of the 15" is just as convenient as the 13". I hardly noticed a difference in weight, and they both fit into the same bags. I prefer the size of the larger screen a lot. The 13" does have an advantage of being slightly more lap friendly, but it's not that large an difference. But I'll never get a 13" again.
Doug |
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Dessert Bread Linda Meyer, Milton
Dry ingredients: 2 cups all purpose flour 1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp. salt Main flavor ingredients: 1 cup zucchini, raw, shredded 1 tsp. nutmeg, ground 1/2 cup almonds, slivered (optional) In main mixing bowl: 1/2 cup butter, softened 1 sup sugar 2 eggs 1 Tbsp. vinegar PLUS milk to equal 3/4 cup liquid
Whisk or sift dry ingredients together in a bowl and set aside. Toss together the "main flavor ingredients" in a bowl and set aside. Preheat oven to 350 degrees; grease and flour one loaf pan. Cream together the butter and sugar. Beat in eggs at high speed until mixture has lightened. At medium speed, mix in the liquid. At low speed, gradually add the dry ingredients, just until all is moistened. Continuing at low speed, blend in the main flavor ingredients. Pour mixture into the prepared loaf pan and bake in preheated oven for 60 minutes or until wooden toothpick inserted into center comes out clean. Cool in pan for 10–15 minutes, then turn out onto a rack to completely cool. Main flavor ingredients may be substituted in the following groups: 1 cup banana, ripe and mashed 1 tsp. vanilla extract 1/2 cup walnuts, chopped (optional) 1 cup pumpkin (or butternut squash), cooked, mashed, and cooled to room temperature 1 tsp. pumpkin pie spice mix (cinnamon, allspice, cloves) 1/2 cup pecans, chopped (optional) 1 cup fresh apples, peeled, cored, and shredded (or all-natural applesauce) 1 tsp. cinnamon 1/2 cup dried cranberries or raisins (optional)
WECN HOME | RECIPES HOME APPETIZERS | SOUPS/SALADS | SIDES/MISC. | MAIN COURSES | DESSERTS ©2012 Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News


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For Business Development Coordinators, yearly average wages total $45K annually. With some bonuses approaching $7K and certain profit sharing proceeds approaching $5K, overall incomes of Business Development Coordinators spread between $32K and $65K depending on individual performance. Residence is the biggest factor affecting pay for this group, followed by years of experience. For the most part, Business Development Coordinators enjoy their work and report high levels of job satisfaction. Most enjoy medical while a strong majority get dental coverage. Vision coverage is also available to a majority. Female Business Development Coordinators make up most of the survey respondents at 78 percent. The figures in this overview were provided by individuals who took PayScale's salary questionnaire.
Business development coordinators work in all industries, and in various parts of creating and improving a business. They may be there from the start of an entire organization, playing a large role in what a company will do and how it will be staffed. Or they may be involved in just one particular function of a business, such as creating the structure of a new department, what it does, and its goal.
Read More...Business Development Coordinators report using a diverse set of skills on the job. Most notably, skills in Proposal Writing, Market Research, Business Development, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are correlated to pay that is above average. Those listing Administration as a skill should be prepared for drastically lower pay. Request For Proposal Creation and Sales also typically command lower compensation. Most people who know Business Development also know Market Research and Marketing Communications.
Median of all compensation (including tips, bonus, and overtime) by years of experience.
Business Development Coordinators with a lot of experience do not necessarily enjoy more money. Survey participants with less than five years' experience pocket $43K on average, but those with five to 10 years of experience enjoy a much bigger median of $50K. The average pay reported by folks with 10 to 20 years of experience is around $53K. Business Development Coordinators who have stuck around for more than two decades see earnings that are only slightly higher than those of folks who have worked for 10 to 20 years; the more senior group makes around $55K on average.
For those looking to make money, Business Development Coordinators in Denver enjoy an exceptional pay rate, 40 percent above the national average. Business Development Coordinators can also look forward to large paychecks in cities like Los Angeles (+20 percent), Washington (+20 percent), Boston (+15 percent), and New York (+11 percent). Those in the field find the lowest salaries in Philadelphia, 17 percent below the national average. Workers in Atlanta and Dallas earn salaries that trail the national average for those in this profession (13 percent less and 6 percent less, respectively).
Highly satisfied |
Rated 4 out of 5 based on 158 votes. |
78 % |
22 % |
Medical: 84% | Dental: 73% | ||
Vision: 59% | None: 15% |


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#1 Ohio State 27-2, 14-2 Big Ten Roster | Schedule | March 1, 2011 9:00 PM ET - BTN —— Bryce Jordan Center University Park, PA | Penn State 15-12, 8-8 Big Ten Roster | Schedule |
Back atop the national rankings after posting convincing wins over Illinois and Indiana last week, the Buckeyes head to State College for a date with a desperate Penn State team looking to celebrate senior night with a sorely needed statement win that would get them back on the Big Dance bubble.
A victory would assure OSU no less than a share of the regular season conference title with a revenge match scheduled to round out the regular season this Sunday in Value City Arena.
As you'll recall, Penn State gave the Buckeyes all they could handle back on January 15th before Thad Matta's crew escaped with a 69-66 victory. It took a career high 19 points from Aaron Craft, another 19 from Jared Sullinger and 27 points off turnovers to overcome PSU's 30-18 edge in paint points courtesy of Talor Battle and Tim Frazier's ability to effectively burn Ohio State's switching defense by locating rolling screeners to the basket at will. The easy buckets helped Penn State shoot 56% against the Buckeyes though they only hit 4/17 from downtown on the night.
This could easily be one of those trap games if the Buckeyes don't see any carryover from their improved defensive effort against Indiana, aided by a hellish drill Matta employed in practice after consulting former Buckeye and eternal red ass, Robert Montgomery Knight.
# | Name | PTS | REB | ASST | POS | # | Name | PTS | REB | ASST |
44 | William Buford | 14.1 | 3.9 | 3.1 | G | 12 | Talor Battle | 20.5 | 4.4 | 3.1 |
33 | Jon Diebler | 11.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | G | 23 | Tim Frazier | 5.4 | 3.6 | 5.1 |
23 | David Lighty | 12.5 | 4.1 | 3.3 | F | 15 | David Jackson | 10.4 | 4.7 | 0.7 |
0 | Jared Sullinger | 17.8 | 9.9 | 1.3 | F | 25 | Jeff Brooks | 13.6 | 6.6 | 1.8 |
52 | Dallas Lauderdale | 4.5 | 3.5 | 0.1 | C | 22 | Andrew Jones | 6.1 | 5.5 | 0.7 |
Winners of three of their last four, the Lions will be ready for a fight as they intend to send their four senior starters (Battle, Jackson, Brooks, Jones) out on a winning note while keeping their aforementioned NCAA tourney hopes on life support and with a 13-4 record at home, they are capable of catching the Buckeyes napping.
For the stunner to occur, they'll need a big time performance from senior Talor Battle, the B1G's leading scorer at 20.4 ppg. The key to everything they do, Battle also leads the conference in made 3FG per game (3.19) and minutes per game (39). Craft held Battle to 5/17 shooting in the first matchup (1/10 3's) but he still managed to throw in 15 points in 40 minutes.
Another senior, 6'8" Jeff Brooks is averaging 14.5 ppg in league action on 63% shooting and gobbles up 5.7 boards a night while 6'7" senior David Jackson and 6'10" Andrew Jones combine with Brooks to give the Lions a big group of baseliners. Jackson went for 19 in the first matchup. Tim Frazier comes in 3rd in assists during conference play and handed out a team high 5 assists in the loss back in January.
Ranked last in the B1G in Scoring Offense (63.2) but a respectable 4th in FG% (45.8), the Lions could look to slow the tempo and again try to exploit screening and hedging issues by bringing Ohio State's bigs to the top of the circle and playing off how effective the Buckeyes communicate and react.
They'll likely need to be efficient offensively as they are ranked just 8th in FG% Defense and take on a Buckeye team ranked 1st in both FG% (48.6) an 3FG% (41.7).
The Lions will be rested after stomping out Northwestern 66-52 last Thursday night in Evanston. Brooks poured in 20 to lead four Lions in double figures including Battle, who became the 1st player in B1G history to reach 2,000 points, 500 rebounds and 500 assists. PSU handled the Wildcats on the glass (28-19) and shot 57% from the field while holding NW to 39%.
Buckeye Breakdown
Sullinger took over the final minute of the first matchup converting two and-1's, including the final points of the game with 13.2 seconds left to not only improve Ohio State to 18-0, but also to the top spot in the national rankings. Coming off season lows of 12 minutes and five points, Sullinger should not only be rested but also highly motivated to put that game in the rear view so it's fair to expect a dub-dub from the freshman as OSU looks to clinch no worse than a share of the regular season conference crown.
As noted, Craft had a coming out party of sorts in the first matchup but has been somewhat up and down offensively since, though his defense has been solid. Without a doubt, his primary chore tonight will be to contain Battle and anything offensively will be a bonus.
William Buford has been solid averaging 16.0 points over his last two games after foul trouble held him to just five points in West Lafayette. I expect him to blow up tonight as he's torched the Lions for 23.8 points in four career meetings. Meanwhile, David Lighty is also playing well as of late, shooting 12/23 over his last two games with six steals and six assists against just three turnovers. Lighty was held to just seven in the January matchup against Penn State.
Jon Diebler is a career 9.4 ppg scorer against Penn State in five meetings and had 10 in the previous matchup. Keep an eye on Diebler's shot selection as the last meeting was the first time Diebler showed a desire to do something other than stand and shoot. He took five of his 11 FGA's from inside the arc, the only time all year he's registered at least five two-point tries in a game.
Regardless of the how the offense performs, this game is still likely to be determined by how the Buckeyes play at the defensive end. Sunday's effort against Indiana marked the first time in six games that OSU held their opponent to under 50% shooting. A sub 50% shooting effort from Penn State likely leads to another B1G title for the Buckeyes.
- Ohio State has won 14 straight against the Nittany Lions.
- Sullinger became the 29th Buckeye all-time to score at least 500 points in a season (504) with five against Indiana.


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$52.50 |
Life is at ease with an ocean breeze...celebrate your ceremony-by-the-sea with this Carrier Card, part of our Ocean Breeze design suite. Whimsical swirls ebb and flow throughout this suite, accented by rustic illustrations of starfish, seashells, and coral. A clean background keeps the look calm and light, perfect for setting the tone for your beach wedding.
Magnets sold separately with envelopes included. When ordered together, a larger envelope is included to accommodate both products. When ordered separately, a larger envelope must be ordered.
Layout Number |
Size |
HN-12701 | 4.4375" x 6.0625" |