text:
NIST Authors in Bold
Author(s): | Scott C. Glancy; Emanuel H. Knill; Thomas Gerrits; Tracy S. Clement; Brice R. Calkins; Adriana E. Lita; Aaron J. Miller; Alan L. Migdall; Sae Woo Nam; Richard P. Mirin; |
Title: | Innovations in Maximum Likelihood Quantum State Tomography |
Published: | October 09, 2009 |
Abstract: | At NIST we are engaged in an experiment whose goal is to create superpositions of optical coherent states (such superpositions are sometimes called "Schroedinger cat" states). We use homodyne detection to measure the light, and we apply maximum likelihood quantum state tomography to the homodyne data to estimate the state that we have created. To assist in this analysis we have made a few improvements to quantum state tomography: we have devised a new iterative method (that has faster convergence than R*\rho*R iterations) to find the maximum likelihood state, we have formulated a stopping criterion that can upper-bound the actual maximum likelihood, and we have implemented a bias-corrected resampling strategy to estimate confidence intervals. |
Citation: | PERIMETER INSTITUTE RECORDED SEMINAR ARCHIVE |
Website: | http://pirsa.org/09090003/ |
Keywords: | homodyne detection, maximum likelihood, quantum state estimation, quantum state tomography |
Research Areas: | Quantum Information, Statistics, Quantum Optics |
PDF version: | Click here to retrieve PDF version of paper (1MB) |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You can check it out on his Punknews.org Profile
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Our stream today comes from Santa Cruz, CA-based Dan Potthast. We've got a stream of the his new full length, Watch Where You Walk.
You can check it out on his Punknews.org Profile Asian Man Records (15 comments)
Please login or register to post comments.What are the benefits of having a Punknews.org account?
skolarx (November 2, 2011)
One of the best sets by any band I've ever seen was MU330 in 96 (with Slapstick opening.) They were never quite as good any of the other times i saw them, I think it had to do with the interaction between Jason and Dan and them trading vocals.
jeffrichey (November 2, 2011)
This is actually his new group, Dan P. and the Bricks, featuring ex members of slow gherkin.
angryderek (November 2, 2011)
one of the best sets of music I'VE ever seen is when Poo Poo Boy opened for The Fartz
nedsammy (November 3, 2011)
Those horns are pure Slow Gherkin. Some good songs, some overly goofy songs. Might get this with Classics of Love's debut, when it's out. |
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text: Texas Department of Insurance Division of Workers' Compensation Electrical Safety Workplace & Medical Services, Outreach & Education HS00-010C (11-06) Goal Hazards Improve hazard recognition and emphasize the importance Electricity always flows along the path of least resistance. The of following proper electrical safety procedures. human body poses little resistance to electric current because of its high water and electrolyte content. The following conditions Objective take advantage of the body's good conductive properties and may cause electrocution: Workers will be able to identify and maintain safe conditions • contact with wires not properly insulated; in the workplace to avoid electrical hazards. • direct contact with electrical conductors such as power Background lines; and • touching an electrically charged appliance with wet hands Electricity is such a common part of life that it is easy to forget or while standing in water. the dangers associated with its use. This lack of respect for the dangers of electricity results in a high number of electrocu- Electric current flowing through the body can cause serious tion deaths both in the workplace and at home. Shocks severe internal or external burns. Severe external thermal burns often enough to kill occur when electric current travels though the result from direct contact with equipment overheated by electri- body, especially when near the heart. cal current. Overloaded circuits or equipment may cause fires or explosions, especially if they occur in areas where flammable or explosive substances are stored. Regulations The General Industry Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29 CFR 1910.301-399, contains electrical safety regulations involv- ing the design of electrical installations. The detailed Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices Standards (29 CFR 1910.331-360) limits certain tasks to "qualified" employees. Qualified is defined as "those persons having training in avoiding the electrical haz- ards of working in or near exposed energized parts". Qualified employees must be able to distinguish exposed live electrical parts and their nominal voltage, as well as the clearance distances and corresponding voltages to which they will be exposed. Unqualified workers exposed to overhead electrical lines, are required to maintain a minimum distance of ten feet from any unguarded equipment. Vehicles and mechanical equipment must also maintain this distance. Electric shock can also cause: Procedures • severe pain; • damage to nerves, muscles, or tissues; Creating a safe work environment includes safe work practices and identifying common hazards. The following procedures pro- • internal bleeding; vide an effective way of reducing electrical accidents: • loss of muscle control and coordination; and • use lockout/tagout procedures before working on electrical • cardiac arrest. circuits and equipment; Electric shock can be avoided by following safety proce- • avoid working around electrical sources when you, your dures. surroundings, tools, or clothing are wet; • keep a towel or rag handy for drying your hands; • stop outdoor electrical work when it begins to rain; • wear cotton or fire resistant clothing; • ventilate the work area to reduce atmospheric hazards like • avoid loose clothing which might get caught in equipment; dust, flammable vapors, or excess oxygen; • do button shirt cuffs; • maintain a clean and orderly, hazard-free environment; • remove neckties, jewelry, scarves, and wrist watches; • arrange tools and equipment neatly, returning everything to • secure long hair in a hat or hair net; its proper place after each use; • use Class B protective hats when working around overhead • keep the work area free of rags, trash, and other debris; electrical lines; • clean up spills promptly, and keep floors completely dry; • avoid belts with large metal buckles; • use waterproof cords outdoors; • when wearing a tool belt do not allow tools to hang out of • be sure all extension cords have their three-pronged plugs their holders or dangle from the belt; and intact; • remove the tool belt before working in tight spaces. • secure all electrical cords when used in or around walk- The following personal protective equipment (PPE) is rec- ways; ommended to prevent your body from becoming an electrical • avoid using electrical cords near heat, water, and flam- conductor: mable or explosive materials; and • nonconductive head, eye and face protection; • never use an extension cord with damaged insulation. • rubber gloves and clothing; and Safe Operation • rubber-soled boots or shoes. All PPE must fit properly, and be Power tools must meet National Electric Code (NEC) standards cleaned and properly stored when not in for double-insulated casings or third-wire power cord grounding. use. All electrical protective equipment Hand tools should also have factory installed insulated grips. and devices must be tested for func- Follow these suggestions when using electrical tools: tional soundness at regular intervals, as specified by 29 CFR 1910.137. • inspect tools for wear or defects before starting the job; • check tools to be sure all safety guards or shields are in First Aid place; • never modify tools or electrical equipment; Follow these procedures in case of an electrical accident: • inspect power cords and switches for cuts, frayed insula- • do not touch the victim; tion, exposed terminals and loose connections; • call for immediate, professional medical help; • make sure tools are clean, dry, and free of oily film or • turn off the power if it can be done safely; carbon deposits; • use a dry pole (or anything that does not conduct electric- • do not carry, store, or hang up a power tool by the power ity) to push the person away from the electrical source; cord; • once the victim is separated from the power source, treat • stop using tools immediately if they begin to smoke, spark, them for shock and cover them lightly, until help arrives; or shock; • administer artificial respiration if breathing has stopped; • do not overload wall plugs or extension cords; • administer CPR if the heart has stopped; and • make sure the extension cord is the right size or rating for the tool being used; and • cover electrical burns with a clean, dry cloth. • never remove the grounding post from a three-pronged For electrical fires: plug to make it fit into a two-pronged wall socket. • notify the local fire department or call 911 immediately; Clothing & Personal Protective • do not touch the burning object; Equipment • do not use water on an electrical fire; • use a "C class" fire extinguisher such as carbon dioxide Wear comfortable and practical clothes for the job. or a multipurpose ABC extinguisher to put out small fires; • wear a good pair of oil-resistant safety shoes with nonskid and soles and heels; • stay clear of the area and wait for the professionals unless • do not wear clothes that restrict movement; you are qualified to fight this kind of fire. Summary c. wet hands, insulated hand tools, using repaired electrical Working on energized electrical systems can present a hazard equipment, and wet surroundings to the unqualified worker. By following the procedures outlined above, many accidents and injuries may be avoided. d. dry surroundings, dry skin, using defective electrical equipment, and failure to follow electrical safety work- Review place practices, and wet surroundings 5. The three causes of electrical accidents are ____________? 1. According to OSHA, what is a "qualified" employee? a. defective PPE, contact with improperly insulated wires, a. an individual who is a licensed journeyman or master and indirect contact with electrical conductors electrician b. touching an electrically charged appliance with dry b. an individual who knows how to properly use electrical hands, contact with improperly insulated wires, and testing equipment and PPE indirect contact with electrical conductors c. an individual who has training in avoiding the electrical c. failure to observe proper safety procedures, defective hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts PPE, and direct contact with electrical conductors d. a licensed electrical contractor d. touching an electrically charged appliance with wet 2. What precautions should be taken before using electrical hands, contact with improperly insulated wires, and equipment? direct contact with electrical conductors a. inspecting electrical tools before use for visible damage or defects Answers b. ventilating the work area to eliminate a potentially explosive atmosphere 1. c c. using lockout/tagout procedures on all affected electrical 2. d components 3. c d. all of the above 4. b 3. The steps that should be taken when an electrical accident occurs are _________? 5. d a. call for emergency response help, apply wet compresses to burned skin, keep the victim mobile, and turn off power b. call for emergency response help, pull victim off of electrical source, give CPR, and secure the scene of the accident c. call for emergency response help, turn off power, push victim off electrical source using a nonconductive stick, and give first aid as needed d. none of the above 4. What are the environmental conditions that promote electric shock? Resources a. dry hands, dusty surroundings, using defective electrical equipment, and failure to follow electrical safety work- The Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' place practices Compensation (TDI/DWC) Resource Center offers a workers' health and safety video tape library. Call (512) 804-4620 for more b. using defective electrical equipment, wet hands, failure information or visit our web site at www.twcc.state.tx.us. to follow electrical safety workplace practices, and wet Disclaimer: Information contained in this training program is surroundings considered accurate at time of publication. The Texas Department of Insurance, Safety Violations Hotline Division of Workers' Compensation (TDI/DWC) 1-800-452-9595 E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 1-800-687-7080 for more information. email@example.com


text:
Place party favors on each guests plate. We went with gold unicorns made by Pitbull & Posies and unicorn snow globes made by Sitting in a Tree.
Try hanging flowers or branches upside down from your celling with thin strings. It creates an interesting and gorgeous design for your table. Ours was made by the talented Natalie Bowen Designs.
More is more in a fantasy-inspired party. Layer the table with multiple tablecloths, vases and hurricanes. For a white winter wonderland feel, keep everything in the same color scheme.
Vintage metallic glassware pops against the white tablescape.
Make a drink that is unexpected and delicious. We made White Chocolate Martinis and rimmed the glasses with gold sanding sugar. Yum!
White Chocolate Martini:
-2 oz vanilla vodka
-1/2 oz white creme de cacao
-1 oz Godiva white chocolate liqueur
- Gold sanding sugar shavings for rimmingrecipe adapted from Cocktail 365
Make unique and delicate crowns for all of your magical unicorn guests.
Display beautiful things like clutches, jewelry and desserts for your guests to admire.
Gold and white delicious desserts from Pretty Please SF.
Custom invitations are a must. We went with a whimsical design by Kelli Murray.
Spray paint unicorns or any inexpensive toy to use as pretty decor or favors.
Make sure to have plenty of yummy beverage options. We love having a bottle of One Hope Wine at all of our events. Half the profits of One Hope BRUT Sparkling Wine goes toward ending child hunger.
These days it's not a party without a photo backdrop, so dedicate a wall to fun photo sessions. We made our backdrop with pretty white crepe streamers and metallic gold garlands.
When it comes to a dress code let your guests know the theme. Ours was white and neutrals mixed with texture and sparkle.
We also encouraged each guest to try a winter makeup look that they couldn't get away with on an average day. We had girls with doll lips, white pale powder with ruby red lips, purple eyeshadow, etc. Same with the hair. We used white chalk on blondes and gold shimmer chalk on brunettes to give their locks a new hue. This is one party where your guests can create a fun fantasy look!
Hair and makeup by 1011 Makeup.
A playful game of "Pin the Glittery Horn on the Unicorn" came at the perfect time after a few cocktails.
Little unicorns are welcome to join in on the fun too!
The most important thing is to have a blast! It's a fantasy party and nothing is too out there!


text:
- Blogs
- Mobile learning
- Designing educational Web sites for the mobile devices
- Podcasting
- Portable applications and open Source
- Online presentation with Slideshare
- Social bookmarking services
- Social networking
- Web 2.0 tools
- Wikis
- Writing for academic journals
Overall Reflection on IT780 Seminar in Instructional Technology
24 Mar 2011 4 Comments
in IT780 Reflection Tags: Instructional Technology, IT780, Seminar, Web 2.0 tools
Reflection on Presentation – Your selected Web 2.0 tool
24 Mar 2011 2 Comments
in Assignment, IT780 Reflection Tags: Empressr, Powerpoint, Prezi, Web 2.0 tools
Assignment Requirement:
Students are required to select a Web 2.0 tool related to the focus of this course.
My Web 2.0 tool Presentation on Empressr:
Reflection on Presentation – Your selected Web 2.0 tool:
For this assignment, I choose Empressr among those Web 2.0 tools. Empressr is a flash-based web presentation tool that allows you to create, share and store presentation online.
Maybe some of you have heard or even used Empressr presentation before, while, some of you may not know what Empressr is, what Empressr do to education, and how to create featured presentation by Empressr. As for me, Empressr is absolutely a new presentation tool, surely there are several reasons for my choice at Empressr. Now, I would like to list the main features of Empressr, hope which could attract you to try in Empressr.
a. It is free.
As illustrated in my presentation, Powerpoint is the mainstream presentation software in the past years. With the development of Microsoft Office software, Powerpoint is also keeping its pace to help creating more vivid and professional designed presentation. But the purchase of MS is really very expensive; another presentation tool I mentioned is Prezi. I began to use Prezi since last year, which is a free (but not to all). Compared with Powerpoint, Prezi seems more convenient and beneficial to online presentation. However, you need a school email to sign in, and some functions need money to open.
The first time I found Empressr is just because the searching key word "free presentation tool". Yes, Empressr is free, and without requirement of university email address. This is convenient for students and teachers.
b. It is easy to use.
If we say money is a factor for people's choice of presentation tool, I should say, easy operation would be another important factor to be considered. Empressr is a flash-based application, which means that it could insert flash, audio, video, animation, graphics to presentation directly. The amazing thing is that you do not need to understand Flash at all!
In powerpoint or Prezi, you have to use several developer tool to add those animations or videos to presentation, which may frustrate many instructors who do not understand flash~ Prezi does not need developer tool for insert flash, (copy and paste URL of Youtube is much easier than powerpoint). However, Prezi does not allow insert other medias, it only support medias in Youtube or other verified URL media file. Empressr can upload several multimedia formats files without knowing any knowledge of developing tool, which can make the process of creating presentation much easier and relaxed.
c. It is flexible.
Just by clicking on the TEXT, SHAPE, CHART, TABLE, you can insert the graphics you need, the charts you need, or the table an texts you want to edit. All of these help making the process of making a presentation easy and flexible. You do not need to worry about inserting boring chart or table in your presentation.
Another feature that help the flexibility of creating presentation is RECORD function in Empressr. You can record you photo, audio, and even video directly when creating the presentation, which means that the design and preparing of presentation could be done simoutanously. How convenient the process it is!
Above are the main reason that I recommand Empressr for creating online presentation. Besides, Empressr presentation could be embeded in your Powerpoint file; and vice verse.
If you are interested in Empressr, just start your Empressr presentation now!
Blog Critique
24 Mar 2011 Leave a comment
in IT780 Reflection Tags: blog critique, e-learning, Instructional Technology, m-learning, media, Web 2.0 tools
The rapid development of technology and web technology does offer much more tools for assisting language learning. These new webtools are fun, free, easy to access to, and more interactive. They have widen the whole learning environment to anywhere that has Internet access. Such flexible learning tools and environment provided by web technology should be well-compared and developed. The 20 webtools selected here are best for language teaching and learning, with more emphasis on learning side. Each webtool has its advantage in any of the four aspects of language learning. Being an English teacher before, I understand that for students, combination of the four different aspects of English learning is quite important but not an easy thing to accomplish.
Among the 20 tools, I think GOANIMATE is similar to FUZZWICH. Using simple and easy-operation animation to assist language learning is really amazaing, especially for language beginners. Previous, teaching and learning new words and vocabulary of a language is always the tough start for learners. Bunch of words need to memorize without concrete context helping understanding. However, in our Web 2.0 time, webtool could solve this problem. With cute cartoon and animation learning environment, words and vocabulary have been embedded into real language context, which is quite crucial for helping language adaptation. Students could easily locate their vocabulary in the real usage of language, without worrying that learning and using are separated. The other cool point of combing animation with language learning is the interaction. Creating language context on teachers' side is responsible for students' primary understanding of the usage of word or idiom; while at the same time, animation could also be created by students themselves or required by teachers to play a role of checking out what has been mastered and how students apply the knowledge to to real context based on their own understanding.
I like the post, and I like all of these 20 webtools. Although some of them are not adaptable for all language learning situation, they still deserve the important role in language learning. Language learning is a comprehensive process, we cannot separate the four parts, listening, speaking, reading and writing. But during the learning courses, teachers and learners do can emphasize on different parts in different learning phases by applying those webtools.
2. Augmented Reality (AR) in Education
The quite new concept in this post attracts. As for me, AR still a quite strange area, especially for its application in education. As illustrated in this post, Augmented reality (AR) is "an emerging form of experience in which the real world is enhanced by computer-generated content specific to a location and to an activity." Understanding "experience" and "content specific"are the key of understanding of AR.
Actually, AR emphasizes on a kind of learning experience, which help to "make ubiquitous learning a reality, allowing learners to gain immediate access to a wide range of location-specific information from various sources". The videos shared in this post have shown several application of AR in different areas. The experience created through this technology is amazing! I like the video about AR and education. Supposing that sitting in classroom, but through AR, a real 3D world would appear in your textbook, what a surprising education experience learners would obtain! The content specific of AR guarantee its multiple usage in different areas. Once you decide what content to cover through AR, what you need to do with AR is just enjoy the course.
Admittedly, applying AR to education sounds great, but I think I do have several questions, because it is still a very new and untouchable technology for me. Will this application rely on what kind of paper for textbook? Since I have notice that another assistant tool has been used for AR in education. Different from camera, the process of education still need to connect with paper and words, not just view or pictures. If AR could change the learning modes in the future, will education become paperless? Another question is that, AR is content specific, but not all the education could be covered by AR, or to say, not all subjects are fit with AR. From the perspective of learning language, will AR distract learners' attention when it apply to education?
3. A Day Made of Glass
The future technology is one of my best topics in study of instructional technology. With the development of modern society, great technologies appear day by day. Some of them are the improvement of old ones, some of them are the first-time show. Some of them are changing people's life, every aspect of life, including education. This video recommend in this post describes a virtual glass day in the future. Everything around us could be a glass for data transmission. If the real future would be in this kind, how convenient our life would be!
It seems that digital life has already been part of human life. Cellphone, computer, camera…So many things are gaining its digital format. In this video, this kind of digital life does not rely a certain instrument, like a heavy computer, or something that you need to carry with. The amazing point is that, just a piece of glass could transmit all the data you need, words, pictures, even the real objects could be transmitted digitally! And in this video, I think another information has also been indicated. In the future, with the development of web 2.0, maybe web 3.0 or higher version, the interaction would be more emphasized. People would set what they are interested, like RSS in web 2.0 now. And this technology would be more personalized.
If this technology could be used to education in the future. Together with AR, which has also attracts me, education could become a real flexible enjoyment. Without books, without pens, without computers, without a fixed study place, you can learn at any time, any place, any information you are interested in. And because of the most interactive advantage, education would be in its real social network.
4. Mobile Year in Review 2010
As illustrated in the video and in this post, 2010 was the year mobile connected the world. All the data compared in the video reflect the trend and tendency from social media to mobile phone. That is really true. From my own experience, I prefer smart-phone to regular phone; twitter and youtube video could be more easily get access to through mobile phone. The mobile devices provide people a higher speed of sending message and sharing information with friends. The rising requirement of social networking is also the reason that pushing the development of mobile devices.
Mobile devices makes the communication and sharing much more convenient and easily to get access to. This is also the trend of education. Actually, 2010 mobile year seems to bring learning to a new era. The mobile learning platform makes learning more flexible and efficient. Besides the learning periods in class or in school, learners could have more time to choose for study. For fixing of school time may not be proper for every students, a mobile study device could enlarger the learning period and provide students a more comfortable learning environment. If education could become a freer issue, many problems in schools now could be solved easily. For example, the misunderstanding of certain knowledge point could be revised after school time, without teacher's present; students who want to learn more after class could have and control their own study pace. However, here is a question that I am wondering. For higher efficiency education, does mobile learning have any disadvantages? The flexibility provided by mobile device for study could really do great benefits for active learners, but what about inactive learners? Will mobile device give those students an excuse to escape school study time?
As for me, I prefer mobile device for learning language. This is really a very good method for language learning. With such mobility, language learning could start at any time that the learners consider necessary, which provides the chance of bring language to real context. Any other software or technology that could create or intimate real context still cannot be compared with real context. That is the great advantage of mobile device for language learning.
5. Cell Phone Learning Support System (CPLSS)
Cell phone is a typical mobile device. The reason that I like this post is because it adopts the mobile technology for education. Agreed with Dr. Yuen, I also think that mobile learning would be a major extension of e-learning.CPLSS is just one of these. CPLSS is just one of these. The CPLSS is designed to work with many cell phones, smartphones, or PDA phones and will have four major modules: Java book, Web book, audio book, and video book.The Java module is used for displaying textual information, like course syllabus, schedule, lecture notes, assignments, quizzes, or other learning materials. The Web module displayed in a standard HTML or WAP on a cell phone, just functioning as a website to retrieve course materials online through a special mobile Web site. The audio module and video module are designed to play recorded lectures, class news, podcasts, digital audio books, interviews with guest experts, or language lessons in MP3/mp4 format.
The CPLSS system will enable professors or trainers to provide the course syllabus, class schedule, assignments, quizzes, and other learning materials (in text, audio, and video formats) to students on a cell phone. That is what instructor or developer hoping CPLSS could do for education. In my opinion, cell phone is really a very good method for language learning. With such mobility, language learning could start at any time that the learners consider necessary, which provides the chance of bring language to real context. Any other software or technology that could create or intimate real context still cannot be compared with real context. That is the great advantage of mobile device for language learning. But, there are also several questions we need to consider about when applying cell phone to education. The flexibility provided by mobile device for study could really do great benefits for active learners, but what about inactive learners? Will mobile device give those students an excuse to escape school study time?
And, wish that in the near future. cell phone could become part of our classroom.
6. A Vision of 21st Century Teachers
In this post, it is a video talking about 21st century teachers' responsibilities and their expects with technology. I like this post for two reasons, the content of this video, and the idea of this video. The ideas in this video express that "It is not technology itself, It's about unleashing the powers that students bring with them into classroom, about meeting different learning styles, about opening opportunities to connect, communicate and create." That is just what teachers should understand and struggle in 21st century.
The appearance of new technologies is unavoidable with the development of society, how to deal with those technologies with education, how could teachers combine those technologies with their instructional activities, and how could teachers apply those technologies to enhance learners' learning? Those questions should all be considered by teachers before they deciding using technology to their class.
All the 18 teachers in this video expressed their willingness to apply technology to education, and at the same time, they showed their understanding of how to maximum technology to education. In 21st century, in my opinion, the role of teachers is under changing, from the early full power in class, to later assisting role in class, to the friendly role in new century, all of those changes embody that being a qualified teacher in new century or in the future, innovation and initiative are very important. Facing new endless technologies in times, teacher should have their sensitive to find those technologies. Because technology is not perfect, teacher should have the ability to select the proper and best technology for their class; and then teacher should decide a proper method to do the combination; with serious decision and careful planning, technology could gain its role in real instructional actives.
7. What Teachers Think About Web 2.0 Technologies in Education?
As illustrated in Dr. Yuen's presentation about Web 2.0 Technologies in Education, Web 2.0 allows learners to create, contribute, collaborate, connect, share, participate in learning community, which always lying in the pool of higher-levelled interaction.
In the research, most of the participants own cell phone with easy accessment of internet; and most of them thinks that information and communication technology makes their life easier. However, the data from the survey show that there still are quite amount of people they have not use social networking, like blog, Podcast, or other social media, etc. The overall experience of application of Web 2.0 tool is still very less. But, it also shows that over 60% participants who have less experience with Web 2.0 tool express their desire to try Web 2.0 tools and show their interest in learning Web 2.0 tools. And they are very likely to take a course in Web 2.0 tools, which proving people's realization of the importance of Web 2.0 tools.
This presentation is very important in demonstrating the role of Web 2.0 tools in education, and also help teachers to clarify their responsibility in combing Web 2.0 tool with instructional activities. What teachers think about Web 2.0 in education? Actually, with the experience of teaching English in China, I would like to answer this question from my own perspective. Web 2.0 tools are really very important in language teaching and learning. From teacher's perspective, Web 2.0 tool could help build up a learning community, which would enhance learning efficiency; from learner's perspective, Web 2.0 tools in classroom would provide more freedom and flexibility for self-learning. The interaction emphasized by Web 2.0 are beneficial with both teaching and learning. While, I also think that different areas and teachers may have different attitude towards Web 2.0, that is why the survey data cannot be 100%. Finding the right way of using Web 2.0 is just what teacher should think about in their own instructional activities.
8. The Art of Learning Better: 101 Tips to Find and Fit Your Learning Style
Learning style is a thing that should be concerned with in education, while at the same time, it is also a thing that maybe easily omitted. To think about learners' learning style could help teachers to distinguish different learners' learning levels, and adjust teaching plans to maximize instructional effects. From my own experience, I do find that students have their own methods to study more efficiently depending on learning contents. That is the issue about learning style.
Three kinds of learners have been summed in this post: visual learner, auditory learner, and kinesthetic learner. The aim of research in different learning style tips is to help learners with different learning styles improve their learning experience. Visual learners can understand concepts and ideas better when they are presented in pictures, text, drawings, graphs, charts or other visual representations. Auditory learners can understand things through hearing them, meaning they are partial to learning that involves music, talking and other kinds of sounds. Kinesthetic learners work the best when they can get hands on with things. This means interactive learning experiences like labs, demonstrations and computer programs help them to learn the most. Actually, the distinguish of learning styles means to find learners' learning advantages in study knowledge. With those information, it would be must easier for teachers to decide how to design teaching plan, and how to teach in class. For example, for visual learners, teaching could contain more pictures, drawing, etc to attract learners' attention and higher learners' learning process.
Most of learners are in these learning styles. However, I think the most difficulty part for teacher is that in one classroom for the same course, learners may own different learning style. Sometimes, it is not allowed for teachers to design teaching method to fulfill all those different learning styles. The best way is to find the common part of different learning styles. For instance, in language learning class, group work could be applied based on learners' self-intents.
9. QR Codes in Education
QR codes (quick response codes) is a quite new concept for me. After I know what QR is, I even cannot image how QR codes could be connected with education? Admittedly, I have tried to scan QR codes with a smart phone just when I reading this post, really cool! Although still cannot scan every QR Codes provided here, it does not affect my perspectives of combining the QR codes with education after reading this post and the presentation shared in the post.
According to the presenter, it seems that QR code is an interdisciplinary field, which could provide many chances for other programs or software. Like orienteering augmented reality game, multiple choice quiz, links to tutorials of online sources could all be fulfilled with QR code; and also, the possibility of creating QR codes by learners themselves create an interactive learning environment, which make study and learning more easier and flexible. (I think flexible is the highest frequency word used for Web 2.0 technology time!) Dr. Yuen has expressed his wish and hope to QR Codes development. As he said, QR technology has a great potential in education because it is low-cost, easy to implement, and easy to use. I think this is the great advantages that QR codes owns compared with other technology for education, and it is also much more convenient and with more information with common bar codes.
While, the application of QR Codes to education is still undergoing. If there is any chance, I would like to try QR Codes in my classroom. Supposing that learning new English words with QR Codes, it is really an interesting process. Just like doing crossword games, the different way of memorizing new words would leave deeper impression to learners!
10. Mobile 2.0 is Here
When Web 2.0 technology gaining its golden time recently, mobile 2.0 shows up. According to Dr. Yuen's post here, mobile 2.0 provides mobile devices a platform to access to Web 2.0 service via a Mobile Web Browser or applications that represent one aspect or feature of Web 2.0. such as user-generated content, community, collective intelligence, or rich media. The integration of Mobile 2.0 and social Web with the core foundations of mobility – personal, local, always-on and ever-present would form the new trend for mobile learning in the future. I agree with the point that "Mobile 2.0 could be another revolution that will dramatically change the Web and the mobility landscape that we currently know." Different from Web 2.0, mobile Web will become the dominant access method in the future, with devices that become more hybrid and networks that become more powerful and accessible. The new exciting opportunities for mobile learning created by mobile 2.0 technology would bring completely different experience of teaching and learning for both teachers and learners.
Has been illustrated in the presentation connected in this post, QR Codes has also been mentioned. I have just raised great interest in QR Codes, for its belonging to mobile 2.0 technology. Supposing that learning new English words with mobile 2/0 technology, it is really an interesting process. Just like doing crossword games, the different way of memorizing new words would leave deeper impression to learners! The example I gave for QR Codes is also suitable for other mobile 2.0 technology in learning. I think mobile 2.0 technology upgrade the interaction in education to multi-levels, personal interaction, community interaction, personal-community interaction, etc. Combination mobile 2.0 and social networking just enlarges the ranges of communication and interaction. From the perspective of learning, mobile 2.0 would provide students a wider learning environment and more chances to gain knowledge.
11.Microsoft's Free Tools in the Classroom
Free tools is the key point for technology of education! Although we all know that money cannot playing the only role in education, but, if there would be several smart tools for classroom, why we not use the free ones? In this post, several free tools of Microsoft have been introduced, Photostory is one of which we have learned in class. The format of slideshare with audio and text is really useful for education.
Free is important, but one of the advantages of those tools provided by Microsoft is the interactive feature. As, illustrated by Dr. Yuen in this post, teachers can use these interactive tools to encourage self-directed learning or to create fun, dynamic group projects. As in creating photostory, it is easy for teachers and learners to enjoy the interest brought by interaction. For example, a slideshare without audio or text is hard to leave impression, but audio could help learners better understanding, especially for introducing a period of development or trend.
Also, as shown in the video, those free tools in classroom are encouraging students' own learning interest and improve their learning ability. Usually, teachers apply those tools to class can increase the interaction in classroom. At the same time, have you think about the interaction after class? Without teacher and instruction, due to the "free" downloadable tools, students themselves gain the chance of using teaching tools at home! From the perspective of learning, the real contact with instructional tools can enhance their sense of teaching activities and knowledge itself.
12.Educational Uses of Second Life
This post drives me to think about the differences between second life and argument reality. Supposing that sitting in classroom, but through AR, a real 3D world would appear in your textbook, what a surprising education experience learners would obtain! The content specific of AR guarantee its multiple usage in different areas. Once you decide what content to cover through AR, what you need to do with AR is just enjoy the course. What about second life? Will it have the same effect or even better influence to education?
Actually, second life software is also creating a real 3D world. Dr. Yuen talked about the potential of using Second Life to provide an online 3-D virtual reality world in education and training. Second life has been applied to create virtual campuses and train facilities, which make campus boundless and enlarge the learning environment. Also, from the perspective of economy, Second life save money for educational organizations, by creating virtual training environment without paying money for renting or buying equipment.
As for me, Second life is still a very new field. I have tried to use Second life the software in lab, the virtual context did attract me a lot. It seems that everything could happen in reality could happen in Second life. If Second life had a great potential in assisting education, I would like to try it in language teaching class. Context is an important factor in language learning, and it is also the emphasis of future language teaching. Second life owns this feature to create a real context to help learner touch the language. From vocabulary to syntax, a real language context would definitely be the number choice for language learning.
13.Adopting Blogfolios in Teacher Education
This post is talking about something that I am familiar with, blogfolio. In last semester of Dr. Yuen's IT 644 class, I have the chance to create my first professional blogfolio in instructional technology. The experience of learning how to create professional blogfolio is quite interesting, but from teachers' perspective, how could we adopting blogfolio in education? and what advantages does blogfolio have in teacher education? In this post, Dr. Yuen illustrtuctes several benefits that offered by performance-based portfolios, like fostering self-assessment and reflection, providing personal satisfaction and renewal, providing tools for empowerment, and promoting collaboration, etc. The combination of web and portfolio are really perfect, blogs' advantages in reflection and interaction could just be supplement to portfolios' disadvantage, and portfolios' advantages, as illustrated just now, could be supplement to blog's disadvantage, which gives blog a better structure and more professional.
I would like to share some of my points in adopting blogfolios in teacher education. Web-based portfolio has the benefit in interaction and sharing information. Traditional portfolio could not be shared easily. With paper-version or later CD-ROM format, it was only combined to a small range. But web provides a wider range for sharing portfolio. By putting your artifacts online, you have gained more chances of spreading your ideas and letting more people know you, and at the same time, you give others more chances to learn. The learning and teaching process is interactive. The more interactive the process is, the more success learners could have. Another point is that, I think compared with traditional porfolio, web-based portfolio has the advantage in long-term reservation and easily access. Any time and place has Internet, you can get access to your blogfolio, so do others. You do not need to worry about where to keep your porfolio, and how to keep your porfolio. What you need to do, is creating your professional blogfolio, and sharing it with others!
14. Have You Been Paying Attention?
I like this post very much, for the question asked in the title is just what I am trying to find an proper answer. Have you been pay attention in learning process? And how could teacher keep their students paying attention in classroom over the total 45 mins teaching and learning? If we cannot deal with the question about concentration properly, it would even lead to the failure of teaching and learning process. Technology could assist learning process, and could be used by teachers to attract students' attention, but sometimes it is not long-lasting, even may distract attention! In the attractive and thoughtful video, several questions are so real and critical for education. Being a teacher, are you reaching your students? are you engaging them? The fact that technology has already been involved into people's daily life, and learners are in their digital time. If education and educator were still staying in the same way before, how could education go on to its future? How could learners learn from school?
One point that I like most of this video is the 3 Ws. As we all know that, www is the door of web world, which brought human being a completely new world and also brought the time of information explosion. WWW could also be the initial letters of Whatever, Whenever, and Wherever, which could be a hint of considering different ways to use Internet in teaching and learning. Large amount of tool based on Internet have been exampled in this video, wiki, blog, blogfolio, online testing, GIS, even cellphones. Data from investigation show that all these technologies have been used by students, what teachers could do with those technologies? Using cellphones to teach, using blog to teach… Imaging that classroom had been removed to a small screen but with higher efficiency, How great it is!
Maybe nowdays, more complains have been found among teachers, it is more and more common to find that students are easily distracted from other things in classroom. Some of them may texting or playing with cellphone, some of them may playing with laptop, some of them may distracted with other electronic products. Supposing that, bringing all these things into classroom in a reasonable way, how could students react? I am expecting.
15.The Future of the Book
Actually, every technology we have discussed now would do their contribution to the future state of books. For example, AR would change the old format of paper book to anything in the air without paper; mobile devices would also take the paper book to a new era, even a kind of revolution to the format of book. But I think what technology do with books is not book itself, but the changing of reading habit. Actually, this post does based on AR technology to talk about the future of book which will not be with physical material and motionless texts any more.
Shown in the video, the future of the book have been discussed through three concepts – Nelson, Coupland, and Alice. I think those three different concepts are three different emphasis on the fields of books, which should depend on what kind of books you have and what purpose you need to do with books. If you need more interaction from the future books, Alice concept would be much proper, 'cause its social connecting feature; while, if you need more academic data from books, I think Coupland concept would be more beneficial. No matter what kind of concepts of future books is, reading will not be an isolated thing with environment. With such technology, book could show the whole world in front of reader. Imagining that open a future book, when you want to see river, you can see real river in your book; when you want to figure out a road to go in travel-book, you can get the real routine in your book! How cool it is!
And one more thing about the future book that I want to share is that, IDEO's vision does provoke and inspire my thoughts about the future of reading. The change is not only the physical appearance of book, but also the reading and learning habit of people. Large amount of information would appear when the future book shows up in this way, do we need to consider learners' real ability of acceptance?
Discussion5: Web 2.0 Tools – Chapter 4
24 Mar 2011 Leave a comment
in Discussion Tags: discussion, instructional technology model, web 2.0 tool
Chapter4 contributes to a new instructional design (ID) model for designing nonlinear application in Web 2.0 application. It addresses the cognitive demands involved in Web 2.0 learning, promotes learning that focuses on metacognitive thinking and self-regulation, facilitates knowledge integration and construction of schemas-of-the-moment for ill-structured learning, and finally delivers an environment by connecting activities with behavior to form a dynamic learning environment in Web 2.0 application. As we all know that, Web 2.0 provides a new learning platform for online collaboration and sharing among its users. The characteristics of Web 2.0 technology reflects a participatory, collaborative, and dynamic approach with which knowledge is created through the collective efforts of participants. The author agrees that "Knowledge is created collectively by a group of participants who share the same interest in the topic. " Wang and Hsua (2008) point out that the shared ownership in Web 2.0 application has an instructional significance in that it facilitates collaboration among learners which "can be an ideal forum for social constructivist learning".
The main part of this chapter is the three types of ID models, non-linear SID models, and e-learning ID models. From the very beginning model to an e-learning ID model, Web 2.0 technology learning has experienced its own history. The early ID models were based on behavioral principles, which at that time were goal oriented, and well-structured learning. While, when it moved on to a linear design process, learning is considered as stereotype with little variation and changes. SID models have experience a changing from linear to non-linear, from behavioral principles to constructivism. Non-linear SID is descriptive and gives instructional designers more latitude in design.
I like the three e-learning models that have been mentioned in this chapter: a) WisCom Design Model. The core of WisCom design model is to create an authentic learning environment in which collective wisdom is created among the community members who initiate reflection in action, social negotiation, and knowledge creation. It encourages learners to become reflective thinkers and to acquire collaborative thinking skills that transcend the single disciplinary context; b) The "T5" Design model provides a framework for effective online instruction, and emphasizes five critical components in online learning: tasks, tools, tutorials, topics, and teamwork; c) Three-Phase Design Model focuses on the creation of functional course delivery components, evaluation and improvement activities, and scaffolding in learning. This model design proceeds from the bottom-up, allowing for global behavior.
Learner centered approach takes into consideration learners' cognitive and metacognitive abilities, e.g., information processing ability, cognitive skill management, and self-regulation, in the process of learning. Interactive social communication provides a process in which learners initiate the learning process through an open-ended discussion. The social negotiation process guides the initial discussion and leads to a more elaborate, refined discussion with collectively negotiated goals and objectives. An important component in social negotiation is the feedback mechanism, through which the learners critique, correct and transform individual ideas and concepts into socially acceptable norms.
Dynamic learning has also been mentioned, which includes a) evolving activities accompanied by behavior that reflects a changing learning process; b) schemas-of-the-moment for ill-structured learning; and c) collaboration among online learners. The change from lower complex learning to high complex learning is achieved by a concomitant change in behavior, that is, learners' abilities to socially negotiated with other learners, execute metacognitive thinking skill, and self-regulate in order to adjust to new learning demands. During the entire process of Web 2.0 learning, the emphasis is made on the connection between behavior and activities. As learning evolves from lower level complex learning to higher level complex learning, learners adjust their self-regulation and metacognitive thinking skills to the changing activities in online learning.
Web 2.0 application requires considerable self-regulation and metacognitive monitoring on the part of learners to develop cognitive strategies that handle the irregularity and complexity in learning. The instructional design in Web 2.0 application should thus put individual differences in perspective when designing activities pertinent to creative and constructivist learning in Web 2.0 application. In the author's opinion Web 2.0 learning should consider the ill-structured, non-liner nature of learning. It allows complex and deep learning to emerge through a social negotiation process. The proposed framework in this chapter is specifically designed to reduce cognitive demands related to cognitive load, selection of appropriate cognitive strategies, and information integration in Web 2.0 learning.
The growth of online resources and the advancement of Web 2.0 technology are changing the information landscape and impacting teaching and learning. With its ill-structured learning and rapid incrementation of information in a non-linear fashion, Web 2.0 learning poses enormous challenges to online instructional designers and teachers. Another point is that the proposed framework in this chapter should not be interpreted as the only design approach for Web 2.- learning. Instead, it provides an alternative view to traditional design models and calls for the need of studying the dynamic relationship between various components in Web 2.0 learning.
Discussion3: Podcasting – Chapter 15
24 Mar 2011 Leave a comment
in Discussion Tags: podcast
Chapter 15 mainly concentrates on Podcasting and Web 2.0 technology. As one of the web 2.0 technologies, podcasting has gained its popularity in higher educational institutions recently. In this discussion about what podcast is and why it can gain its popularity, three aspects of podcasting have been mentioned.
Aspect One is about the dynamic e-learning environment. The technology change, social change and people's lifestyle change have all changed the whole e-learning environment.
"E-learning is no longer a simple process of information transfer; e-learners are empowered by Web 2.0 technologies to form strong social bounding to enhance their learning experiences". Web 2.0 and Podcasting deal with user perception and identity. One of the most obvious areas impacted by technology is its effect on socialization and the manner of time that we spend with one another in person. Users of web 2.0 technology could participate in online communities equally, which changes the interactive relationships of communicating online. Reversely, this change influences our own perceptions of the Web as a viable channel for sharing information. Web 2.0 put the power of the Internet and WWW into the hands of the people; it is not just a static electronic document delivery system any longer.
The mobility and timeshifting of Podcasting are two important factors. Mobility allows the consumption of content without geographical limitation; while timeshifting permits multi-tasking events simultaneously in order to maximize available time. With mobility and timeshifting, students can fully enjoy their e-learning environment.
People's lifestyle and technology innovation interact with each other, and in this way changing the e-learning environment. In the process of education, the advent of Internet technology promotes the distance learning and e-learning, which brought convenience and flexibility to learners; but at the same time the face-to-face interaction and classroom atmosphere were lost. People would then to rebuild the traditional learning environment through new technologies. Under such circumanstance, the appeareance of podcasting brings students the experiences similar to face-to-face classroom experiences at a distance without sacrificing the convenience from life.
Aspect Two talks about educational efficacy of podcasting in e-learning. Instructional delivery via podcasting technology provides students a dynamic and flexible e-learning environment. The mobility and timeshifting (which are the two important factors of podcasting) enable learners and instructors to expand the boundaries of the classroom and bring together course content outside the campus. The flexibility of mobile learning can take advantage of the otherwise wasted time that students use to get to classes, regardless of whether they are driving or walking. The dynamic and flexible learning provided by Podcasting technology is the just-in-time e-learning solution to those issues. From the chapter, we can see that the percentage jumped from 23% to 41% for the podcast use in long distance more than 20 miles, which demonstrates the student need for more flexible and convenient access to learning content to cater to their lifestyle.
Actually, Podcasting is not totally new to students, the audio podcasts use the format of MP3 which is the most popular music format that students are familiar with. Generally, Podcast has three different delivery formats, regular podcast (audio only), enhanced podcast (voice over still images), and vodcast (video podcast). These different formats can assist students' consumption of podcasts with different devices. Podcasting used as an e-learning tool is taking advantage of student existing knowledge and resources, which accounts for the fast growth of podcast technology use in education. It is easy to create by faculty and it is simple to consume by students. That is another reason for the success of podcasts in education. Suppose that if a technology could do great help for education, but quite hard to master by teachers and students, will it get its market?
Podcasting's three delivery formats suits two learning styles: auditory and visual. More quality video podcasts have been suggested by students to enhance learning. Podcasting technology can help teachers respond to students' diverse learning styles by creating rich an environment that engages students' visual and auditory senses. The top reason that students use podcasts is for reviewing class for better understating and retention of knowledge. Student enjoyment of the course is positively related to their learning attitudes and to their perceived value of the course they take. According to the learning principles, students continually check understanding, which results in refinement and revision of that is retained.
Aspect Three concentrates on the design and delivery of Podcast. First, we need needs assessment to the application of podcasts to education, which includes identifying the nature of course content and the portable devices available to students. The assessment of course content will help instructors determine the most appropriate content and device for podcasting delivery, which directly affects the accessibility to the content and overall student learning.
Data indicate that students use different types of devices to access podcasts, like iPods of different models, and MP3 players by various manufactures. We can also deliver the same content on all three types of podcasts and give the choice to students to determine which type of device they prefer.
Then a clear instruction of how to use podcast how to locate and subscribe to your podcasts is very important. Instructor have the responsibility to check with students to see if they have any problems accessing podcasting. Clearly labeling each podcst to synchronize it with the course content materials or lectures is another important aspect that an instructor needs to pay attention to before upload podcasts. Notify students with each new release. Podcast is using RSS feed, which automatically push the newly published podcasts to students after they connect the devices to the computer.
The final step is to deliver your podcasting effectively. Some tips have been given in this material. Good design and presentation of the information can improve the development of long-term memory of the material. By splitting long podcasts to meaningful segments, students can resourcefully use their storage space to download the podcasts based on their needs, and they will also use their time more efficiently to target on the points for effective learning.
In the conclusion part, the authors summarizes the importance of podcast. They conclude that It is educators' responsibility to use this technology to benefit student learning. Technology has helped share the education process since the beginning of time, and will likely continue at an unprecedented rate. Podcating and technology is a major influence upon the human experience. Podcasting represents a new and useful method for mobility and timeshifing, which allows humans to multitask to maximize efficiency and time. Podcasting can be seen as a lower-cost method of curriculum delivery that is easy to use, and that most young people today have already embraced. With podcasting technology available now, learning will happen whenever and wherever learners are. Education evolves around the students instead of students evolving around the teachers.
And there is one more thing that I would like to mention, that is about the "potential risk of using Podcasting that comes along with such power (Kaye & Medoff, 2001)." These technologies aid in the communication process, help us to reach our students in different ways. And there are many opportunities for this type of technology to help us grow and develop. We are the masters of our own destinies, and that people must come together to decide upon or create standards for living in the online world. That means that, those technologies are great for education, instructors and students should know how to use them actively, not being controlled by those technologies. In our education, there are too many examples that students or even instructors they lost themselves in application of those technologies, and have been distracted from teaching and learning. Applying Podcasting to the process of education is an extension of learning out of campus, which quality and efficiency should all be considered when designing the course on podcast.
Discussion2: Wikis – Chapters 7 & Chapter 8
24 Mar 2011 Leave a comment
in Discussion Tags: wiki
These two chapters are concerning about Wiki and wiki products.
Chapter 7 mainly discusses the advantages and challenges of using a Wiki to support the activities of students during group projects. The focus of this chapter is on the collaborative support of Wiki to online study. Besides, the criteria for selecting particular Wiki products for an institution have also been discussed in this chapter.
A wiki is a type of social networking software. It has the potential for being an excellent tool to support the collaboration activities during student group projects in online courses. It offers a shared online workspace where team members can contribute their individual ideas to a common document. The final created product in the wiki is the collective response of the online team to the assigned task. Wiki could be used to better support collaboration among geographically dispersed students. That is why it gains the population in recent years. Its objective is to enable faculty and administrators to understand how student collaboration can facilitate deep learning into an online course and to decide if and how a wiki can support collaboration among distributed students. In fact, according to the author, in graduate-level education, collaborative activities appear virtually required. They tend to foster deep learning; and collaboration among students online is that the group response to the assignment is usually better than any of the individual student responses; collaborative projects prepare students for the Information Age workplace. To this point, that is what instructors need now. One of the advantages of wiki is that it can be applied to a variety of group activities in online courses to enhance learning, such as student team projects, discussion summary, course FAQ, course glossary, and knowledge repository, all of which are collaborative activities based on wiki that have been illustrated in this chapter.
After talking about what wiki is and what wiki could be used for, the author demonstrates seven critical responsibilities of instructors: set-up wiki software, create framework for wiki pages, develop instructions for students, encourage editing of other students' entries, plan in advance for dispute resolution, monitor use of wiki during the course, and evaluate collaborative effort.
- Set-up wiki software includes naming the wiki page, providing a description that will appear next to the name, choosing the options by which it will operate, assigning the particular students to access the wiki pages, and defining responsibilities students will have. A simple-to-use interactive worksheet would usually be used for setting up the wiki.
- Create framework for wiki pages is actually the course of preparing an initial welcoming page for students to view when accessing the wiki. Here, it mentions that the importance of templates.
- Instructions for students should be provided the first time when students are directed to use a wiki in a team project, which could indicate the information like how the wiki will be used in the course, how they can access it, and what kinds of activities they are expected to perform using the wiki.
- Encourage editing of other students' entries could be operated in the way of giving incentives such as extra grading point to students for editing each other's work. All members must recognize that the shared goal is to produce a superior final product using a collaborative effort.
- Instructors should have the responsibility to plan in advance for dispute resolution. Tips on managing team projects should be offered by instructor and a forum on eliciting student suggestions for preventing and resolving disputes is also preferable.
- Instructors should regularly monitor each team's wiki workspace for signs of potential problems. Asking team by email or telephone whether help is requested, then decide to intercede or not. Instructors should pay more attention to intervention into team projects, they have to learn to step back without stepping out of the picture entirely.
- Evaluate collaboration of the wiki group work is quite important. Grading ought to represent both a) the quality of the product developed jointly by the team as well as b) the degree of participation and quality of contribution by each individual student involved in the group process. The historical index feature of all wiki applications may enable a lower weighting of peer evaluation or possibly its elimination in the assessment of an individuals 'contribution to the group effort. The faculty member can conveniently determine the quantity and quality of contributions by each team member and rate that performance accordingly.
The criteria of how to choose Wiki software product is a thing that I am interested in. Because nowadays, over hundreds of software products are available on the market that have the term "wiki" in their names or can serve the functions of a wiki, how do we select from all of them? Here in this chapter, several criteria have been assigned:
1) Technical performance features and cost. The institution must first decide on the wiki features it deems critical for its application and the available budget for purchasing the software product.
2) Institutional integration issues. The choice of a particular wiki software product may very well involve factors beyond it purchase price and features. The ease of integration of the wiki functionality into the culture and technology infrastructure of the institution ought to be of critical concern in the choice of software. a) Usability for target audience and available support services; b) integration with existing course management system; c) hosting. For some institutions, hosting is a critical criterion in the decision process. Each institution has to consider the cost-benefits of outright purchase of the wiki software versus paying the vendor to host the service.
The development direction of wiki has also been demonstrated. First and foremost, a wiki must become an integral component of each institution's course management system. A stand-alone wiki capability with a different look and feel than the standard online learning application and separated from administrative functions like the course address book and class assignment utilities is daunting to both students and faculty. A wiki should become the primary collaboration module of the course management system and seem as common to users as the course discussion board. Second, the built-in facilities for editing, commenting on, and viewing previous page versions need to become integrated and make use of a more user-friendly graphical interface. Last, to speed up the collaborative efforts among multiple users, it would be helpful if changes to the common workspace were made immediately available on students' mobile display devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistants so that they could respond quickly if they wish. Actually, by applying wiki to group study and assignment for online courses, students acquire deeper learning of the subject matter, produce a higher quality product that they can be proud of, and are being prepared to work effectively in today's collaborative-based workplace.
Chapter 8 introduces wikibook. Being a part of the Web 2.0, a wikibook is a transformative and disruptive technology that is finding increasing use in schools and higher education institutions and can provide a powerful force in changing and improving education. Wikibooks are just one of "many such technologies that can transform educational practices in K-12 school, higher education, and training environments". The development of modern society shows a great tendency of focusing on transformation, especially for schools and institutions of higher learning. A report data cited in this chapters indicate that today learners arrive on college campuses with more technology abilities and expectations than preceding generations. In response, technologies such as those brought about the Web 2.0 are often seen as transformational in shifting learning situations from passive to more interactive and engaging learning climates. As a result, instructors are repeatedly asked to embed technology in their instructional activities, foster student collaboration and knowledge building , and provide more options, choice for their learners. In a word, they are being asked to transform their teaching practices.
Back to the twenty years' development, platforms such as Wikibooks not only permit joint editing, they also allow for easy monitoring of progress, expert modeling, and peer critiques. Job aids or supports can be embedded in a wiki environment to support and extend the learning possibilities. Learners interact with other learners whenever they want. In effect, Wikis provided the different learning possibilities. It is the evolving and dynamic nature of a wikibook that links it to sociocultural theory. The more choices and self-directed learning opportunities instructors provide to learners, especially adult learners, the greater the chance for learning-related success. Activities chosen should foster higher self-esteem, internal motivation, and goal driven opportunities, as illustrated in this chapter. In addition, learning should be open, genuine, inviting, respectful, active, collaborative, and student driven. In this way, learning is transformed, and wikibook is on its way. With thoughtfully integrated, wikibooks can be a disruptive force in education. That is the main reason for increasing popularity of wikibooks in education and instructional activities.
The author of this chapter cited three projects of wikibook through the past several years. From the titles of their digital book covers, the trend and development direction of wikibook could be easily judged. "The Practice of Learning Theories" to "The Web 2.0 and Emerging Learning Technologies", the changing of emphasis shows that the third wikibook project was the most ambitious. It involved collaboration across five institutions in four countries. Less structure is given, and students have more choices on what and where to contribute.
Twenty tensions in five categories of concerns have been listed in this chapter about wikibooks: instructional issues; collaboration issues; technology issues; knowledge construction and sense of community issues; wikibook issues. I would like to say more about the instructional issues here. Tensions cannot be avoided, time, range, learning mode, etc. So many elements need to be considered for wikibooks. Wikibooks are a form of disruptive technology in education,; to lessen the potential risk , an instructor who has used wikis in the past might archive prior semester work as examples. Each wikibook situation we have encountered is unique. The research results shows that the larger numbers of participants in a wikibook project might allow for more open-ended structures than when only a few students are involved, which means that the more students, the greater the choice and flexibility the wikibook would gain. Global education projects also require more leadership skills among one or more instructors involved in the project. A final instructional issues relates to motivational rewards. The tensions and obstacles the instructors need to overcome are still very depressive. But as you can here from the analysis of these issues, we should keep our optimists.
As for me, wikibook is a technology that I would like to try for education. Although it has been demonstrated the better level of wikibooks usages, I still think that based on different assignment and targeted population, wikibook deserves its popularity in future education mode.


text:
Properties of broadband depth-graded multilayer mirrors for EUV optical systems
Yakshin, A.E. and Kozhevnikov, I.V. and Zoethout, E. and Louis, E. and Bijkerk, F. (2010) Properties of broadband depth-graded multilayer mirrors for EUV optical systems. Optics Express, 18 (7). pp. 6957-6971. ISSN 1094-4087
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Abstract: | The optical properties of a-periodic, depth-graded multilayer mirrors operating at 13.5 nm wavelength are investigated using different compositions and designs to provide a constant reflectivity over an essentially wider angular range than periodic multilayers. A reflectivity of up to about 60% is achieved in these calculation in the [0, 18°] range of the angle of incidence for the structures without roughness. The effects of different physical and technological factors (interfacial roughness, natural interlayers, number of bi-layers, minimum layer thickness, inaccuracy of optical constants, and thickness errors) are discussed. The results from an experiment on the fabrication of a depth-graded Mo/Si multilayer mirror with a wide angular bandpass in the [0, 16°] range are presented and analyzed.
Item Type: | Article |
Additional information: | Open access article |
Copyright: | © 2010 OSA |
Faculty: | Science and Technology (TNW) |
Research Group: | |
Link to this item: | http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/75236 |
Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.006957 |
Export this item as: | BibTeX EndNote HTML Citation Reference Manager |
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Metis ID: 270399


text:
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Features | |
Metal | Sterling Silver |
Stone | Diamond |
Diamond Color | I-J White |
Total Diamond Weight | .5 to 1 Carats |
Length | 7 Inch |
Diamond Cut | Round |
Gemstone Color | White |
Birthstone Month | April |
Bracelet Style | Link |
Clarity | I2-I3 |
Metal Color | White Yellow |
Dimensions | 7.98 mm wide x 7 inches long |
Materials | Sterling Silver, Diamond |
Model Number | OSB802 |
Customer Reviews
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Accounting Clerk A very nice bracelet. Would recommend this beautiful bracelet.
Read MoreSharon G. Feb 6, 2015 - Helpful 0
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Love the design It's very pretty and didn't expect it to be as big although you can barely see the diamonds. For the price it's what's to be expected but it is different and it works for me.
Read Morecharleyschocolate Dec 3, 2013 - Helpful 0
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Nice bracelet The braelet is nice, but the diamonds are small, but I still love it.
Read Moredorothy424 Dec 2, 2013 - Helpful 0
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Sterling Silver 1/2ct TDW Diamond Leaf Bracelet For the price that I paid shopping on overstock this was a very nice bracelet to add to anyone collection, the design is beautiful and unique as well.
Read Morelmack1010 May 28, 2013 - Helpful 0
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Not so durable I wore this bracelet for few times. The last time I put it on it got lost . I looked every where but found it later beside my car. The link had broken and couldn't attached it. I tried but it will break again and again. That's waste of money.
Read Moreafia9 May 22, 2013 - Helpful 0
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Really pretty bracelet Really pleased with this purchase. Clasp blends in really well with the rest of the bracelet, and easy to put on. I will wear this often!
Read Morekiwi17 Aug 6, 2011 - Helpful 8
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Beautiful I am planning to wear this bracelet on my wedding day. It is an autumn themed wedding, and I thought the leaves would be a nice touch. The bracelet is very pretty, sparkles a lot and has a elegant yet delicate look to it. I'm really happy with my purchase.
Read Moreneen10111 Jul 28, 2011 - Helpful 5
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Very small diamonds The bracelet is pretty but the diamonds are very small (chips actually). In retrospect, for the price, what did I expect?
Read Morejanetsw Oct 28, 2010 - Helpful 4
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NOT worth it. You will be disappointed. There is a difference between inexpensive and cheap. This is cheap.
Read Moreglenann1 Dec 22, 2011 - Helpful 3
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Loving my bracelet I love my bracelet. I comparied the quality and price to other major jewelry chains in my area and found this was the best bargain. I am an O.com fan!
Read Moredanigirl81 Apr 22, 2011 - Helpful 2
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Questions & Answers
Hello roth0218, I'm sorry this can not be resized. Have a great weekend!
can u tell me the length of the bacelet or the size ....?
Hello sanazanil, This bracelet is 7" long. Thank you for shopping Overstock.com, let us know if you have any additional questions.
Shopping Guides
Top 5 Bangle Bracelets
If you are looking for a fun piece of jewelry that you can throw on with a pair of jeans in a hurry or carefully layer with other accessories for a special date, try a bangle or two. Bangle bracelets are simple and seamless. A bangle bracelet will either slip over your hand or have a hidden hinged opening. This minimalistic style leaves room for versatility, allowing bangle bracelets to be large and loud or small and subtle. Bangles are available in a seemingly endless variety of styles. Choose from diamond bracelets, gold bangles and beaded pieces. Silver bracelets with gemstones are luxurious, while gold bracelets that climb up your arm in spirals are edgy and sexy. Bangle bracelets are perfect for everyone because they can be worn anytime, anywhere and with anything. Find inspiration in our list of the top 5 bangle bracelets.
How to Buy a Diamond Tennis Bracelet
When you buy any piece of diamond jewelry, you should know exactly what you are getting, and diamond tennis bracelets are no exception. While you may not need to make as many choices as you would with a diamond ring, you'll still want to be aware of the facts about diamonds as you shop for tennis bracelets.
Best Unique Diamond Bracelets
When layering a pretty new dress with leggings and your favorite sweater, reach for a unique diamond bracelet to complete the look. Classic diamond tennis bracelets are fine for occasions when you want to fashionably blend in, but other times you want to stand out. When putting together a sexy club outfit or a funky art gala ensemble, use unique diamond bracelets to draw attention to your mod style. Consider some of these cool bracelets when shopping for new diamond jewelry.
Black Diamonds vs White Diamonds
When shopping for diamond jewelry, you have many stunning options. You may picture traditional white diamonds when you think of a fabulous diamond ring, tennis bracelet or pair of stud earrings, but black diamonds are also luxurious in a variety of fashionable jewelry. Black diamonds are unofficially a part of the colored diamonds category. Colored diamonds, also known as fancy diamonds, are natural diamonds in a range of bright hues. To select the very best diamond jewelry for your collection, consider this comparison of black diamonds and white diamonds.
Best Jewelry to Pair with Your Diamond Tennis Bracelet
You finally invested in a gorgeous diamond tennis bracelet for your fine jewelry collection. You showed off your diamond bracelet at a black-tie wedding reception and used it to add sparkle to a holiday gala gown, but now it sits in your jewelry box, waiting to be worn again. You shouldn't have to wait to wear your favorite pieces of diamond jewelry. A tennis bracelet is a great option for many ensembles and events. You just have to figure out which pieces of jewelry will complement your diamond tennis bracelet without overpowering it. Start with these pieces, which are divided by jewelry type, and then add your favorite diamond jewelry to the mix.
FAQs about Black Diamond Jewelry
Indulge in a bit of modern luxury with black diamond jewelry. Black diamonds decorate all types of jewelry, from engagement rings to fancy earrings. Black diamond jewelry adds mystery and opulence to your look. Black diamonds are slightly different from other diamonds, and they add specific style to rings, bracelets, earrings, necklaces, and a variety of unique jewelry pieces.
Top 10 Sterling Silver Jewelry Styles
Sterling silver is a fabulous metal for jewelry of all kinds. Sterling silver is a composition of 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent metal alloy. Copper is a popular alloy for sterling silver because it makes silver more durable. Sterling silver jewelry allows you to add this precious metal to your jewelry box without breaking the bank. Sterling silver jewelry is shiny and lustrous, making it a jeweler's favorite; plus, sterling silver is malleable enough to be formed into different jewelry designs and has a shade that is neutral and stunning at the same time. Whether you are looking for silver rings, sterling silver charm bracelets or another silver jewelry selection, our top 10 list will inspire you.
Baguette-cut Diamonds vs Emerald-cut Diamonds
Diamonds are available in a variety of cuts that exemplify their brilliance and clarity. The baguette cut and the emerald cut are two popular diamond cut choices. Both diamond styles adorn fine jewelry pieces, including diamond engagement rings, diamond bracelets and diamond earrings. Their sharp geometric shapes offer a distinct diamond cut, different from smooth, flowing oval, pear and round diamonds. Baguette-cut and emerald-cut diamonds bring straight lines and beautiful shapes to all types of diamond jewelry. Use our tips to choose the diamond jewelry that will complement your wardrobe.
Tennis Bracelet Fact Sheet
Although the tennis bracelet has evolved along with the rest of fashion over the last two decades, its original design as a basic row of diamonds is still popular today. Diamond bracelets such as the tennis bracelet are one of the most coveted pieces of jewelry. With diamonds or other small stones set in a symmetrical pattern around the entire perimeter of the bracelet, this versatile piece of jewelry will flatter a casual outfit or accent a formal dress.
FAQs about Colored Diamonds
When you are shopping for beautiful jewelry, you will see many pieces featuring colored diamonds. Colored diamonds, also called fancy diamonds, are available in yellow, pink, purple, black, grey, green, blue and orange. Rings, pendants, earrings and tennis bracelets decorated with colored diamonds are very trendy and valuable. If shopping for colored diamond jewelry is new territory for you, then you might be wondering how to select the very best diamond jewelry featuring these bright gems. Use these frequently asked questions to gather information about colored diamond jewelry.
How to Buy Sterling Silver Jewelry
Sterling silver is made from 92.5 percent pure silver and 7.5 percent metal alloy. Common sterling silver metal alloys include copper and nickel. The alloys in sterling silver strengthen the silver and make it strong enough for jewelry production. Sterling silver jewelry is gorgeous, luxurious, valuable and also affordable. Silver jewelry pieces, such as bracelets, necklaces, rings and earrings, match almost any color ensemble and skin tone. Buy sterling silver jewelry for your collection and enjoy wearing sterling jewelry every day of the week. Use our tips to choose beautiful silver jewelry for yourself or someone special.
Silver Types Fact Sheet
Silver found in mines is all the same, but pure silver is too soft for many jewelry, flatware and home decor items. Silver is usually combined with an alloy before being crafted into sterling silver jewelry selections, such as silver rings, silver bracelets and a myriad of sterling silver items. As a consumer, learning about the types of silver can help you shop for silver jewelry and other beautiful silver products.
Top 5 Reasons to Choose Silver Jewelry for Men
Silver has long been known as the most affordable precious metal, which makes it a fantastic investment. Silver jewelry for men will update your wardrobe with a lot of shine and sparkle. Men's sterling silver jewelry is eye-catching, and silver jewelry is available in so many different varieties. You can buy silver jewelry rings with intricate tribal designs, men's jewelry chains made of sterling silver links and sterling silver jewelry earrings with diamond solitaires. Your wardrobe will quickly be infused with trendy sparkle when you buy silver jewelry for men. Men's silver jewelry has many benefits for your collection. Consider these reasons to choose men's sterling silver jewelry when you are shopping for accessories.
Best Cubic Zirconia Bracelet Styles
Luxury bracelets are true indulgences; wearing sparkling gemstones on your wrist is fantastically opulent. If you are looking for a great way to add luxurious, sparkling gems to your bracelet and jewelry collections without breaking the budget, consider shopping cubic zirconia bracelets. Cubic zirconias are lab-created diamond alternatives, and they look just like the real thing. In fact, cubic zirconia gems can be even better than diamonds because they have lab-perfected clarity and color. Cubic zirconia bracelets are available in many styles. You can find cubic zirconia jewelry that looks just like more expensive diamond bracelets or choose a piece of fashion jewelry that is unique. Add cubic zirconia jewelry to your jewelry collection with our list of the best pieces featuring this gemstone.
FAQs about Sterling Silver
You probably come across sterling silver in your everyday life more often than you think. Sterling silver jewelry is especially popular, and the metal is made into a wide variety of rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, watches, charms, and pendants. It's also used to produce and embellish serving dishes, sculptures, frames, and many other household items. The use of sterling silver was first popularized in the 1800s, and today, sterling silver gifts and jewelry are widely available, as these items are often preferred as a less expensive alternative to gold and other precious metals.
All about Jewelry Boxes - Selecting a Jewelry Armoire
If you love jewelry, keep your collection safe with jewelry boxes. You couldn't have guessed that the locket you received for your 12th birthday would lead to a complete jewelry takeover in your bedroom, closet and bathroom. You bought your first bangle bracelet in high school and a collection of sterling silver cocktail rings in college, and now your home is filled with your beloved jewelry treasures. Investing in a jewelry armoire will help you make sure that you wear your favorite pieces often and keep them safe. A jewelry armoire is a large jewelry box that has room for a large collection of necklaces, bracelets, rings, earrings and other accessories. These jewelry cabinets usually stand on the ground or are mounted onto the wall. Consider these tips when shopping for jewelry box armoires to invest in the best jewelry storage options for your home.
Gemstone Jewelry Buying Guide
Gemstone jewelry both accessorizes our fashion choices and lets us show off a little. Although the accessories can be casual, like a birthstone ring worn every day, or extravagant, like a ruby and diamond necklace saved for special occasions, sterling silver and gold are still the preferred metals for gemstone jewelry, making each piece a small luxury.
Tips on Wearing Bangle Bracelets
Bangle bracelets are a popular jewelry item and a quick way to spice up an outfit. They are often inexpensive and are easily paired with other bangles to create a slightly bohemian flavor or worn alone for a more modern, sleek look. Bangles come in many shapes, sizes and colors, with designs and materials that fit every category of fashion. They also come in many different materials, including silver, gold, acrylic and stainless steel. There's a bangle bracelet for every occasion, and they're very simple to wear stylishly.
How to Care for Cubic Zirconia Jewelry
Cubic zirconias are beautiful and brilliant, making them well-suited for use in jewelry. They are also affordable diamond alternatives because they are created in a lab and, in many cases, must be tested in a lab to determine whether a stone is a diamond or a cubic zirconia, also known as a CZ. Cubic zirconia jewelry is quite easy to care for and doesn't scratch easily, but there are a few things you can do to keep your cubic zirconia rings, bracelets, earrings, and necklaces looking their best.
FAQs about Titanium Jewelry
Jewelry is meant to be an investment. Whether you are looking for diamond rings or fashion bracelets, it is important to choose jewelry that will outlast the dent it puts in your budget when you buy it. If you are looking for jewelry that will be around long enough for you to forget where you bought it, consider titanium jewelry. Titanium necklaces, bracelets, rings, earrings, pendants and cufflinks are strong yet lightweight. Consider this guide your research before shopping for titanium jewelry.
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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Oakley crafted this edition of the Split Jacket with purple highlights at the icons and lens jaw pivots, as well as the Unobtainium ear socks. Paying homage to the Military Order of the Purple Heart, the color honors soldiers killed or wounded in battle. Split Jacket utilizes Oakley SwitchLock Technology for fast and easy lens changing. The included Violet Iridium lenses accent the Carbon toned frame, and they are specially formulated to increase visual contrast and improve depth perception in bright, sunny conditions. The additional Grey lenses help you maintain color recognition on sunny days. With this edition, you will receive a custom Microclear bag for storing the sunglass and cleaning the lenses.
� Distortion free lenses via Oakley�s cushioned lens suspension system
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