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'Whirlwind' day: Haith named new coach of Tulsa's Golden Hurricane
Frank Haith officially announced his separation from the Missouri basketball program on Friday. He has committed to become University of Tulsa's new head coach.
Columbia pastor balances two Sturgeon churches with declining memberships
Sturgeon was home to seven small churches two decades ago. Now, there are only three, and two of those have seen declining attendance among younger people.
UPDATE: Early morning vandalism leaves Lakota Coffee Co. splattered in paint, following string of previous incidents
Splattered paint and broken windows at Lakota Coffee Co. didn't stop business from operating as usual Friday. This incident seems to be the latest in a vandalism trend in The District. In the last month, several other downtown businesses have reported property damage.
Alden speaks in wake of Haith departure
Missouri Athletics Director Mike Alden confirmed in a press conference Friday morning that Haith has agreed to become the next head coach at the University of Tulsa.
Haith officially out as Missouri coach, Alden announces
Missouri men's basketball coach Frank Haith informed Missouri Athletics Director Mike Alden that he would be leaving the school in a text message Friday morning, Alden said. Haith will become the next head coach at the University of Tulsa.
A glimpse of life in small-town Sturgeon
These vignettes reveal the authentic pockets of life within a small town in the middle of America.
Missouri baseball loses tight contest in extra innings
Many of Missouri's (17-19, 6-10 Southeastern Conference) wins and close games this season have been fraught with fragility and tension. The Tigers' 3-2 loss in 11 innings to Mississippi State was just another example.
Suspect arrested in connection with Columbia vehicle thefts
Police arrested Andrew Ryan Birmingham Thursday in connection with two thefts from parked vehicles.
Missouri shows off new facility at SEC tennis tournament
Not long ago, Cosmo-Bethel Park was the home of Missouri tennis. This week, Missouri gets to show off its new home as it hosts the SEC Championship.
Fleming's home runs help Missouri softball clinch series against Ole Miss
The freshman hit a walk-off homer to give the Tigers a 5-3 win in Game 1. Her solo homer in the fifth inning of Game 2 helped secure a 2-0 victory for Missouri.
Several Hickman track athletes win medals at Capital City Relays
The Hickman boys and girls track teams competed in the 54th annual Capital City Relays on Friday. The Kewpies performed especially well in the 4 x 100 meter relay, the shuttle hurdle relay and the pentathlon.
Columbia College softball swept by Freed-Hardeman in doubleheader
Columbia College lost both games of its doubleheader against Freed-Hardeman, 1-0 and 2-1 Friday.
Meals on Wheels to deliver thousands of lunches in Big Wheels fundraiser
Volunteers will deliver boxed lunches for Meals on Wheels' biggest fundraiser.
FROM READERS: Men in LGBTQ community can reduce transmission of HIV, STIs
Males in the LGBTQ community are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. The Men's Leadership and Activities Network wants to help change this trend.
GUEST COMMENTARY: We might be journalists, but at least we're not lumberjacks
A group of young journalists respond to new job rankings which place journalism jobs at the bottom of the "best" list.
Rock Bridge junior leads baseball team with 'mental game'
Connor Brumfield's work on the baseball field has payed off through a scholarship to play at Missouri. But he says the most important aspect of his game is inside his head.
Vargas tosses seven solid innings in Royals' shutout victory over Twins
Alcides Escobar had three hits and Omar Infante also drove in two runs for the Royals, who followed up a sweep at the hands of Minnesota last weekend by sweeping Houston and then taking the first of their three-game set against the Twins this weekend.
Modern-day plagues discussed at Mizzou Hillel Social Justice Seder
About 50 people had gathered for the Mizzou Hillel-hosted evening, which followed the order of a traditional Seder, but with a twist — the 10 biblical plagues usually discussed in the ceremony were replaced with modern ones.
WHAT OTHERS SAY: Let's make Missouri the first 'high-jack' state
Missouri House Bill 1603, which would make jumping jacks the official state exercise, has passed in the House and is awaiting action in the Senate.
Columbia shoppers might have been affected by Michaels data breach
Michaels confirmed that as many as 2.6 million payment cards nationwide were affected by data breach.


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Chris |
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Just like to introduce myself to the community here, I am a happily married man with 1 awesome daughter. I was referred by a friend and will be checking things out here. I am helping my brother with his online store specializing in Church supplies and Church candles but by day, I am a marketing consultant. My hobbies include golf, huge golfer, reader, and last but not least, big time fantasy football player. Chris Post a CommentOops!Oops, you forgot something. Oops!The words you entered did not match the given text. Please try again. 0 Comments |

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Featured Slideshow
What a successful exploit of a Linux server looks like
Like most mainstream operating systems these days, fully patched installations of Linux provide a level of security that requires a fair amount of malicious hacking to overcome. Those assurances can be completely undone by a single unpatched application, as Andre' DiMino has demonstrated when he documented an Ubuntu machine in his lab being converted into a Bitcoin-mining, denial-of-service-spewing, vulnerability-exploiting hostage under the control of attackers.
Microsoft's licence riddles give Linux and pals a free ride to virtual domination
Microsoft is caught in a monkey-trap, created by cloud computing and Free Software, coupled with short-term thinking and a dose of not-invented-here syndrome.
Weird PHP-poking Linux worm slithers into home routers, Internet of Things
Symantec has stumbled across a worm that exploits various vulnerabilities in PHP to infect Intel x86-powered Linux devices. The security biz says the malware threatens to compromise home broadband routers and similar equipment.
However, home internet kit with x86 chips are few and far between – most network-connected embedded devices are powered by ARM or MIPS processors – so the threat seems almost non-existent.
Linux 4.0 may have only bug fixes, no new features
Linux operating system creator Linus Torvalds has proposed that Linux 4.0, an upcoming release of the open-source software, should be dedicated to stability and bug fixing.
Although his initial reaction to a suggestion for a separate bug-fixing release from Dirk Hohndel, chief Linux and open source technologist at Intel, was to criticize it, as "I didn't see most of us having the attention span required for that," Torvalds is now asking for comments on a proposal to have Linux 4.0 as the bug-fix release in about a year's time.
Samsung Sweden to Linux User: "UEFI BIOS Bug Not Our Problem"
Linux is a common operating system, not least in its Android version, and it is universally assumed that a PC (or whatever "IBM compatible" is called these days) will be able to run it. In fact, machines that can't run Linux are extremely rare since aficionados keep porting the open-source operating system to even the most obscure and outdated machine families.


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Listen to free music played by theladyingrey
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @theladyingrey.
The potential you'll be that you'll never see. The promises you'll only make.
Saw taillights last night in a dream about my first life. Everybody leaves so why, why wouldn't you?
Kathy, I'm lost, I said, though I knew she was sleeping. I'm empty and aching and I don't know why.
Rediscovered this track by accident today and now it's stuck in my head.


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Storm Corrosion (album)
Storm Corrosion | ||
Studio album by Storm Corrosion | ||
Released | May 7, 2012 | |
Recorded | March 2010–September 2011 | |
Genre | Psychedelic folk,[1] experimental rock,[2] progressive rock,[3] ambient | |
Length | 47:24 | |
Label | Roadrunner | |
Producer | Storm Corrosion | |
Collector's Edition | ||
Storm Corrosion Collector's Edition double LP set and Special Edition Blu-ray/CD bundle
Storm Corrosion is the self-titled debut album of the musical collaboration between Mikael Åkerfeldt, frontman of Opeth, and Steven Wilson, frontman of Porcupine Tree. The album was released on May 7, 2012 by Roadrunner Records.[4]
Having worked with each other in the past, Åkerfeldt and Wilson decided to start work on a collaboration, on an intermittent basis, in March 2010.[5] Wilson later said that only "15-20%" of the album would have drums on it, performed by Porcupine Tree drummer Gavin Harrison.[6] The album was completed in September 2011, but held back for an April 23, 2012 release so that Wilson could concentrate on releasing and promoting his second solo album, Grace for Drowning, and Åkerfeldt could concentrate on Opeth's tenth studio album Heritage, both albums being released in September 2011 themselves.[7] Wilson said of the project:
Because I think we both had this idea of this kind of music that we knew we couldn't get our bands to play, but that we both kind of understood where we were coming from. 'Cause we have this kind of passion: very experimental, obscure records, almost orchestral in their scope. And we wanted to make a record like that for a long time. It's a long way from metal and it's a long way from anything that, I think, Mikael has ever done, including [Opeth's] Damnation record. I think a lot of people thought, 'Oh, it's gonna be like Damnation.' It's not; it's a long way from that, too. And it's actually a long way from anything I've done…The one thing we didn't wanna do is get together and do a prog-metal supergroup, which would have been so easy to do - and kind of expected, in a way. And, you know, we might do that anyway one day. But this time around, we thought, 'Let's just do this record.' Some people will love it and some people will not, and that's OK, because, in a way, I don't think we wanted to just give what was expected, and we're certainly not doing that.[8]
Wilson also said that on the album, Åkerfeldt did most of the guitar work, while Wilson concentrated on the keyboard parts and arranging the music.[9][10] He described it as containing a lot of orchestral parts, and as "mellow, strange, and disturbing".[9][10]
Reception and sales[edit]
Professional ratings | |
Aggregate scores | |
Source | Rating |
Metacritic | 81/100[11] |
Review scores | |
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [1] |
Sputnikmusic | [12] |
The album has received generally positive reviews, with many reviewers concluding that, while the album was very different from either of the two contributor other bands, the album was still good by its own merits. Allmusic gave it a 3.5 out of 5, concluding that the album's worth may vary depending on the listener's expectations, stating "Given the nature of their earlier collaborations, fans diving into Storm Corrosion expecting a sequel to Blackwater Park are going to be disappointed as they unexpectedly hit the shallow end of the pool, but even though the album doesn't sound much like the metal masterpiece, that doesn't make it unworthy of a listener's attention, and anyone open-minded enough to approach the project without any expectations will be quickly swept off into the spacious perennial twilight created by these two master craftsmen."[1] Revolver gave it an identical 3.5 out of 5 score for similar reasons, stating " Many Opeth and Porcupine Trees may be disappointed with the lack of heavy riffage, but those with open minds will find much to enjoy in this dense, atmospheric album".[2] The BBC praised the album as a "magnificently retro album", comparing it favorably to "drug-fuelled experimental avant-gardism of the 70s".[13] The Guardian gave the album a 4 out of 5, stating the album "...could confound and irritate as many as they enchant, but as an immersive journey into uncharted territory, Storm Corrosion is an unequivocal triumph."[14]
Other reviewers were less enthusiastic to the album's sound, with Powerline magazine giving the album a 1.5 out of 5 rating, and calling it a "silly, self-indulgent, meandering 48 minutes of uninspired progressive noodling, and one that deserves to be quickly forgotten by fans of either founding musician."[3]
The album debuted at number 86 on the Canadian Albums Chart.[15]
The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Surround Sound Album.[16]
Track listing[edit]
All lyrics written by Steven Wilson except on "Ljudet Innan" which was written by both Wilson and Mikael Åkerfeldt [17], all music composed by Mikael Åkerfeldt and Steven Wilson.
Standard edition | ||||||||||
No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
1. | "Drag Ropes" | 9:52 | ||||||||
2. | "Storm Corrosion" | 10:09 | ||||||||
3. | "Hag" | 6:28 | ||||||||
4. | "Happy" | 4:53 | ||||||||
5. | "Lock Howl" | 6:10 | ||||||||
6. | "Ljudet Innan" | 10:16 | ||||||||
Total length:
47:49 |
Limited Blu-ray edition | ||||||||||
No. | Title | Length | ||||||||
7. | "Drag Ropes" (instrumental) | 9:38 | ||||||||
8. | "Storm Corrosion" (instrumental) | 10:11 | ||||||||
9. | "Hag" (instrumental) | 6:24 | ||||||||
10. | "Happy" (instrumental) | 4:52 | ||||||||
11. | "Ljudet Innan" (instrumental) | 10:15 | ||||||||
12. | "Drag Ropes" (demo) | 9:50 | ||||||||
13. | "Hag" (demo) | 8:32 | ||||||||
Total length:
67:30 |
The limited edition contains:[18]
Double LP set:
- Limited edition double LP set of the self-titled album with exclusive artwork
- 180 gram black virgin vinyl in gatefold jacket
- Digital download of high quality Flac files of the entire album
- Autographed 12" × 12" poster of exclusive artwork
- 24" × 36" fold out poster of exclusive artwork
- 5.1 audio mix of entire self-titled album
- Two exclusive demo tracks
- Five instrumental tracks
- Storm Corrosion self-titled CD
Storm Corrosion[edit]
Musical guests[edit]Additional musicians[edit]Orchestral on 1, 2 and 5[edit]
Album packaging[edit]
- ^ a b c Heaney, Gregory. "Storm Corrosion - Storm Corrosion". Allmusic. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ^ a b McKenna, David (2012-04-30). "Review: Storm Corrosion – Storm Corrosion". Revolver Mag. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
- ^ a b Garrison, Marc (2012-04-29). "Storm Corrosion 'Storm Corrosion' (2012)". Powerline Mag. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
- ^ "Storm Corrosion's Self-Titled Debut Album Available for Pre-Order Now". Roadrunnerrecords.co.uk. 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
- ^ "Blabbermouth.net - Steven Wilson on Project with Mikael Åkerfeldt: We Didn't Wanna Do a Prog-Metal Supergroup". Roadrunnerrecords.com. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Mikael Åkerfeldt and Steven Wilson Finished Working on Storm Corrosion Album". Guitar World. 2011-09-26. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
- ^ "Steven Wilson Talks Storm Corrosion Working with Mikael Åkerfeldt". Gun Shy Assassin. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
- ^ a b "Steven Wilson - 2011 - V". Faceculture.tv. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
- ^ a b "Steven Wilson interview 2011 (Part 5)" on YouTube
- ^ "Storm Corrosion - Storm Corrosion". Metacritic. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
- ^ Angel (1 May 2012). "Review: Storm Corrosion - Storm Corrosion | Sputnikmusic". sputnikmusic.com. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
- ^ Rauf, Raziq (2012-05-18). "Review of Storm Corrosion - Storm Corrosion". BBC. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
- ^ Lawson, Dom (2012-05-10). "Storm Corrosion: Storm Corrosion – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
- ^ http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html
- ^ "55th Annual GRAMMY Awards Nominees". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
- ^ "Storm Corrosion interview - Steven Wilson (part 5)" on YouTube
- ^ "Storm Corrosion (Opeth/Porcupine Tree) Detail Debut Album, Prep Special Edition". The PRP. 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-06-11.


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Traffic changes for Evergreen Line in Coquitlam
Drivers in the Tri-Cities will need to pay attention to traffic pattern changes with Evergreen Line construction heating up.
This week, EGRT, which is building the rapid transit line, sent out the following traffic alerts:
• Austin Avenue between Gatineau Place and Lougheed Highway near Lougheed Town Centre will be closed nightly the week of Feb. 17 from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. to permit demolition of an existing platform structure and install scaffolding. Detours will be signed.
• Night-time utility relocation work is currently taking place at the intersection of Barnet Highway and Pinetree Way/Lougheed. This work will take place from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. for approximately two weeks and some noise is to be expected.
• Night-time lane closures are taking place on North Road between Cochrane Avenue and Lougheed, continuing intermittently until the end of March as part of elevated guideway construction.
• Daytime lane closures of Clarke Road southbound and northbound between Como Lake and Smith avenues between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. will stop traffic for about two to three minutes while crews use the launching truss to move guideway segments into place over the roadway.
• Aberdeen Avenue between Falcon Drive and Bond Street will be converted to one-way eastbound starting this month until the beginning of 2015. This change is being implemented to provide crews with the required space to build the guideway between the railway tracks and the street. There may be some construction noise and residents will be notified in advance.
To find out more or to get traffic updates, email firstname.lastname@example.com or keep up to date on Facebook at www.facebook.com/evergreenline.
Read the latest eEdition
Browse the print edition page by page, including stories and ads.
Apr 22 edition online now. Browse the archives.


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Promoting complex systems learning through the use of conceptual representations in hypermedia
Article first published online: 14 APR 2009
DOI: 10.1002/tea.20297
Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Additional Information
How to Cite
Liu, L. and Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2009), Promoting complex systems learning through the use of conceptual representations in hypermedia. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 46: 1023–1040. doi: 10.1002/tea.20297
Publication History
- Issue published online: 16 OCT 2009
- Article first published online: 14 APR 2009
- Manuscript Accepted: 3 FEB 2009
- Manuscript Received: 29 JUN 2007
Funded by
- NSF CAREER Grant. Grant Number: 0133533
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Putin accuses US of supporting separatists in Russia
April 26, 2015 MOSCOW (AP) — In a new documentary, Russian President Vladimir Putin says intercepted calls showed that the U.S. more »»
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April 26, 2015 BAGHDAD (AP) — Iraq's army announced it was making progress in the battle against Islamic State militants in Anbar province Sunday even as it struggled to retake territory lost over the weekend... more »»
Syrian air raids target rebel-held town in northwest
April 26, 2015 BEIRUT (AP) — Syrian military aircraft bombed the northwestern town of Jisr al-Shughour on Sunday, a day after insurgents seized control of it as part of a broader offensive that has left... more »»
UK premier defends royals' right to choose birth hospital
April 26, 2015 LONDON (AP) — With Britain's general election fast approaching, almost anything can become political — even Prince William and his wife Kate's choice of private medical care for the upcoming birt... more »»
Car bombs kill at least 18 civilians in Iraq
April 26, 2015 BAGHDAD (AP) — Militants unleashed a wave of bombings on Sunday targeting commercial areas in and around the Iraqi capital, killing at least 18 civilians, officials said, as clashes continued... more »»
Sudan's pyramids, nearly as grand as Egypt's, go unvisited
April 26, 2015 AL-BEGRAWIYA, Sudan (AP) — The small, steep pyramids rising up from the desert hills of northern Sudan resemble those in neighboring Egypt, but unlike the famed pyramids of Giza, the Sudanese sit... more »»
Witnesses to Everest avalanche: 'I knew I had to survive'
April 26, 2015 KATHMANDU, Nepal (AP) — At least 17 people were killed and 61 injured when an avalanche set off by Saturday's massive Nepal earthquake swept down the Himalaya. more »»
Protests after Burundi leader is nominated for a third term
April 26, 2015 BUJUMBURA, Burundi (AP) — Hundreds of people in Burundi protested in the capital Sunday after the country's ruling party nominated President Pierre Nkurunziza to run for a third term. more »»
Death toll climbs following Nepal quake: Things to Know
April 26, 2015 The death toll climbed and aftershocks continued a day after a powerful earthquake struck the Nepal region, triggering an avalanche on Mount Everest and setting off an urgent aid response. more »»
First survivors of Mount Everest avalanche reach Kathmandu
April 26, 2015 KATHMANDU, Nepal (AP) — The first group of survivors from an earthquake-triggered avalanche that swept through the Mount Everest base camp were flown to Nepal's capital on Sunday and taken to... more »»
Image from the quake: Heavy damage in Nepal ancient city
April 26, 2015 THE IMAGE: In this photo by Niranjan Shrestha, a man in Nepal's ancient city of Bhaktapur cries Sunday as he walks through debris caused by the powerful earthquake that struck the region on... more »»
Car bombs kill at least 14 civilians in Iraq
April 26, 2015 BAGHDAD (AP) — Car bombs ripped through commercial areas in and around the Iraqi capital on Sunday, killing at least 14 civilians, officials said. more »»
More than 2,200 confirmed dead in Nepal earthquake
April 26, 2015 KATHMANDU, Nepal (AP) — A powerful aftershock shook Nepal on Sunday, making buildings sway and sending panicked Kathmandu residents running into the streets a day after a massive earthquake left... more »»
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April 26, 2015 KATHMANDU, Nepal (AP) — An official in Nepal says at least 2,152 people are now confirmed dead in the massive earthquake that hit just outside of Kathmandu. more »»
Magnitude 6.7 aftershock hits Nepal, causes panic
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Kazakhstan goes to polls as president expected to win
April 26, 2015 ALMATY, Kazakhstan (AP) — Voters in Kazakhstan turned out in abundance at polling stations Sunday for a presidential election guaranteed to overwhelmingly reconfirm the incumbent, who has ruled... more »»
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April 26, 2015 TOKYO (AP) — Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's itinerary for his weeklong U.S. more »»
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April 26, 2015 Nepal's devastating earthquake was the disaster experts knew was coming. more »» |
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Saturday, February 4, 2012
Cruising While Vegan and Vegetarian with a Toddler
Hi Everyone!
I was MIA for a moment there :)
The fam and I went on a little get away and I've been working on quite a few things since we got back.
I also put together a review of our trip on cruise critic. It highlights vegan/veg eating while cruising and cruising with our 22 month old. There's lot's of delicious food pictures!
Check it out here!
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Canadian farm wife talk: Living an 'intentional life'
By ANN HINCH
Associate Editor
COLUMBUS, Ind. — Some farm women want to make their operation more successful; others want to work on family relationships that affect the business, and there are those who feel they need to improve both.
There are also women married to farmers who want to work at something besides agriculture, for themselves.
In 1978, Elaine Froese moved to southwestern Manitoba to work in local rural extension. The Canadian met and married a local farmer; on her wedding day she wore a veil she'd made herself for $10, trumpeting her own frugality.
In front of a gathering of about 200 attendees of the Purdue University Women in Agriculture's annual conference last month, she unpacked the same veil from a small box and held it up as she began her keynote comments.
"When we put on this veil," she said to the other farm wives, "and we come to the altar, and make a commitment … do we know what we're getting ourselves into?"
This and a fair amount of other humor punctuated the rest of her talk, but her point was serious about "Living an Intentional Life." In Canada, she said the average age of a widow is 56; in the United States, it's 55 – her own age.
Fortunately, her husband is still alive and well, and the two work his family's fifth-generation farm, which includes a certified seed business.
But, she pointed out her life or anyone's can change in an instant. "Why should we live an intentional life?" she asked, in talking about setting goals and working on them. "Because we don't know when it'll end."
Years ago, Froese began to help other farm families she knew that were having problems and, 10 years ago, she became certified as a farm family business coach. Her talk in Columbus was focused on the state of mind one needs to work with in order to be happier and more productive – if that's the end goal.
In itself, hard work is no longer a guarantee of financial success, so she tries to help farmers see how they can adjust to changing business models that take other factors into account. Her job is to make clients answer "what do you want?" "what do you need to learn?" and "what do you choose to act on?" for themselves.
Women, particularly, need to become involved in their farms' business if they aren't already. She pointed out some special problems they may face – such as the client who didn't know how she and her husband were supposed to approach her mother-in-law with a proposal to take over the family farm, even though they'd been working it for decades; or dealing with non-farm siblings when participating in a succession plan.
Or, there are farmers who let the business consume them to the exclusion of the other important parts of their lives – fun, family, friends. "Have you let your farm become a monster?" she said she's been known to ask. "Does the business serve the family, or does the family serve the farm?"
In one memorable instance of an older farmer selling the property to save his marriage, she recalled him explaining, when questioned, "I love her more than I love the farm." In other situations, such as dealing with in-laws over the family farm business, she encourages women to not avoid confrontation – but to be respectful and direct in facing it.
"All of you, as farm women, have a voice," Froese reminded the conference attendees – and need to use it, whether it's in running the farm, or at the kitchen table during estate planning or in the ag business boardroom.
Sometimes, successful people go through a slump. She described its four cyclical stages as The Renewal Cycle: "go for it," or a period of stability and success; "doldrums," which is just what it sounds like, complete with disenchantment, anger, feelings of being trapped; "cocooning," or introspection and quiet recovery; "getting ready," which is coming up with ideas, networking, taking risks and learning; and back into "go for it" to try again.
"There's probably nothing I've told you today that you don't already know," she said, closing her remarks. "I'm just reminding you."
Froese offers her coaching services in Canada and the United States. To learn more about her work, call toll free 866-848-8311 or visit www.elainefroese.com
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Chase County, Neb., funds by Housing and Urban Development, Department of
Listing $30,380.00 in stimulus funds from Housing and Urban Development, Department of for Chase
Note: For some programs where states do not report where money will be distributed across the state, we do not have the allocation for individual counties. Those programs include: Medicaid, unemployment benefits and food stamps. Those amounts are included in the totals for where the state agency receiving that money is located.
Amount refers to both the amount of stimulus funding going toward the project and the face value of the loan.
Recipient | Amount | Description | Federal Dept./Agency | Date |
IMPERIAL HOUSING AUTHORITY | $30,380 | Public Housing Capital Fund Stimulus (Formula) Recovery Act Funded Grant to be used for dwelling & site improvements | Housing and Urban Development, Department of | 3/18/2009 |


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Although the usefulness of STL containers is undeniable, they also come with their set of limitations. Evolving in the speech recognition industry myself, and having to deal with often huge amount of data, the most obvious limitation introduced by STL containers is the fact that all the data needs to reside in memory.
In the context of dictation speech recognition software, most speech recognition engines require ARPA compliant language models to perform their magic. Just imagine the task of building a language model from hundreds of megabyte of corpus data, and, in the process, getting to the determination of probabilities of not only words, but also sequences of words. Such a task is almost impossible with the exclusive use of unmanaged STL containers.
In the present article, I will expose a solution to that problem and use the opportunity to also introduce you to the wonderful world of speech recognition (or at least a portion of it) by going over the code that can handle the generation of an ARPA compliant language model from hundreds of megabytes of corpus data without ever running out of memory.
ARPA compliant language models have been around for quite some time, and they are not going anywhere in the foreseeable future. They are the primary means by which a speech recognition engine can be dictated how to bias its speech input and recognize textual data as a result. Although a general English language model obviously achieves a purpose, the tendency has diverted in the previous years to generate more specialized language models. For example, a radiology language model could be used in the Medical field where practicians historical corpus of data would be used to generate an highly specialized model, hence minimizing false-recognition since the vocabulary would be more constrained.
Here is an actual language model for us to look at. It comes from the following corpus of text:
This is a test This is a second test
With a fixed discounted mass of 0.4 (more on that later), the trigram (limited to sequences of 3 words) language model generated from that limited corpus of text is as follows:
\data\ ngram 1=5 ngram 2=5 ngram 3=4 \1-grams: -0.8751 This -0.3358 -0.8751 a -0.3010 -0.8751 is -0.3358 -1.1761 second -0.3358 -0.8751 test -0.3979 \2-grams: -0.2218 This is 0.0000 -0.5229 a second 0.0000 -0.5229 a test. -0.3979 -0.2218 is a 0.0000 -0.2218 second test -0.3979 \3-grams: -0.2218 This is a -0.2218 a second test -0.5229 is a second -0.5229 is a test \end\
On the left side of each sequence of words is the probability, and on the right side is the backoff probability (except for the 3-grams). Here's how it works. For example, let's take the line "-0.8751 This -0.3358".
"-0.8751 This -0.3358"
Let's start simple. The probability of the word "this" in the corpus of text is 2/9 (there are 2 occurrences of the word "this" over a total of 9 words) multiplied by 0.6 (1 - 0.4, the non-discounted mass). The number that is required in the ARPA compliant language model is the actual log of that calculation. Hence, log(2/9 * (1 - 0.4)) = -0.8751.
A little word is required about discounts and backoff probabilities. Backoff probabilities are related to non-terminated utterances. For example, if I'd be talking, I could well say something like "this is a" and later continue "test". Without backoff probabilities, a speech recognition engine would fail at recognizing the non-terminated utterance since it would not have any probability associated with it. For that simple reason, and since a probability always needs to sum to one, we take a chunk of the probability mass (the discount of 0.4 in our case) and reserve it for backoff probabilities. Since the model is a trigram, you will understand that the 3-grams do not have any backoff probabilities associated with them.
"this is a"
Consequently, here is how the backoff probability of "this" is calculated. The sum of all the N-gram probabilities completing the (N+1)-grams of words starting with the N-Gram word is computed, and it is then diluted the discount mass and log. For the case of "this", that means log(0.4/(1-0.13332)) since the only 2-gram sequence starting with "this" is "this is" and that the probability of "is" is 0.133332 (10 exp -0.8751).
"this is"
When calculating N-grams where N>1, instead of dividing the count of sequences of words by the total amount of sequences of words, the count is divided by the count of (N-1)-grams starting with the same sequence of words. For example, the probability related to "this is" is log(2/2 * (1 - 0.4)) = -0.2218 since there are 2 occurrences of the word "this" as well as 2 occurrences of the sequence "this is".
These calculations are not so complex, but nevertheless, since there are so many dependencies between the count generating the probabilities and then the backoff probabilities requiring the previous determination of other corresponding probabilities, it is impossible to perform the calculations before all the data is organized and in place. The problem of generating a language model is an indexing problem more than anything else. That is, the algorithm needs to keep track of many counts of many words and sequences of words prior to starting any calculation. I will expose here how that can be done with STL containers without ever running out of memory regardless of the fact that hundreds of megabytes of data could be processed.
To start our task, we will first create a garbage collection template. Although we could have achieved our goal without it, I find it cleaner to create a garbage collection logic and build upon it than to have to mingle with deletes all over the place.
The std::auto_ptr template is almost perfect for garbage collection, but it lacks a copy constructor and assignment operator. For that reason, I propose the shared_auto_ptr as following. I create a contained_auto_ptr template class that has for purpose to hold a unique pointer address that was referred to by a shared_auto_ptr object. That template class is private and only shared_auto_ptr should ever use it. Its copy constructor and assignment operators are private to ensure they are not mis-manipulated by anyone else. The shared_auto_ptr is composed of one pointer to a contained_auto_ptr that holds the count referring to it. The constructor, destructor, copy constructor and assignment operators of the shared_auto_ptr are all written so that count from the associated contained_auto_ptr object is maintained accordingly, and once the count gets down to zero, the associated memory to the contained_auto_ptr object, as well as the contained_auto_ptr itself are deleted. As long as the user of that interface disciplines herself/himself not to use any pointers anywhere else in the code, this is a bullet-proof garbage collection methodology with only little overhead.
/* *************************** interfaces ************************** */ // - contained_auto_ptr: // The contained_auto_ptr is the container of a unique ptr that holds a count // of the referants. // It hides the copy constructor and assignment operator in its private section // in order to ensure that it is never constructed or assigned to another object // without going through the shared_auto_ptr. // There are no public method in this class since it is expected to exclusively be // called by its friend class shared_auto_ptr<T>. template <class T> class contained_auto_ptr { public: friend class shared_auto_ptr<T>; protected: // The GetContainer acts as a static constructor, but constructs only if no // other contained_auto_ptr<T> points to the same pointer p. static contained_auto_ptr<T> *GetContainer(T* p = NULL) throw(); // In order to extract the value pointed by the object, use the get() method. T *get() const throw(); // Destructor... ~contained_auto_ptr() throw(); private: // Constructor: never call directly. Use GetContainer instead... contained_auto_ptr(T* p = NULL) throw(); // This static map holds the equivalence between pointers and // contained_auto_ptr objects already created. static map<uintptr_t, contained_auto_ptr<T>*> m_equivalenceMap; // We hide the copy constructor and the assignment operators to ensure they // are never used. contained_auto_ptr(const contained_auto_ptr&) throw(); void operator=(const contained_auto_ptr&) throw(); int m_count; // holds the count of the referants. T *_ptr; // T* being held by the object. }; // - shared_auto_ptr (*** PUBLIC INTERFACE ***): // The shared_auto_ptr allows for the creation of a referant to a location in memory. // It may create a contained_auto_ptr object in the event that it is the first referant // of the memory location. Upon the destruction of the last referant, the // memory allocated will be deleted. template <class T> class shared_auto_ptr { public: // Constructor: // REQUIREMENTS: // - p must point to the memory location to track. // PROMISES: // - upon destruction of the shared_auto_ptr object, p will be deleted only // when the last referant will have been deleted. shared_auto_ptr(T* p = NULL) throw(); // Destructor: // REQUIREMENTS: // - none. // PROMISES: // - upon destruction of the shared_auto_ptr object, the pointer provided // upon construction or obtained through the assignment operator will be // deleted only when the last referant will have been deleted. ~shared_auto_ptr() throw(); // Copy constructor: // REQUIREMENTS: // - none. // PROMISES: // - upon destruction of the shared_auto_ptr object, the pointer provided // upon construction or obtained through the assignment operator will be // deleted only when the last referant will have been deleted. shared_auto_ptr(const shared_auto_ptr&) throw(); // assignment operator: // REQUIREMENTS: // - none. // PROMISES: // - upon destruction of the shared_auto_ptr object, the pointer provided // upon construction or obtained through the assignment operator will // be deleted only when the last referant will have been deleted. void operator=(const shared_auto_ptr&) throw(); // get(): // REQUIREMENTS: // - Do not use the returned pointer outside the scope where it was // obtained (as when that scope is left, the shared_auto_ptr object may // be deleted, and the memory associated with // it also consequently). // PROMISES: // - Within the same scope, the returned pointer will be good. T *get() const throw(); // -> operator: // REQUIREMENTS: // - Do not use the returned pointer outside the scope where it was // obtained (as when that scope is left, the shared_auto_ptr object // may be deleted, and the memory associated with it also consequently). // PROMISES: // - Within the same scope, the returned pointer will be good. T *operator->() const throw() { return get(); } private: contained_auto_ptr<T> *m_contained_auto_ptr; };
With the implementation of this template as included in the code, I can now abstract my dealings with pointers and forget about the deletes. That results in simpler and more reliable code.
Typically, if I'd abstract my memory concerns, a std::map<string,struct> would be the perfect candidate to resolve my indexing problem. But, with my memory concerns, the std::map template becomes useless. It needs to be replaced by another structure that acquires the same qualities as the std::map template, but becomes more versatile when it comes to memory management.
For that purpose, I have chosen a 3-way decision tree. An example of the decision tree, populated with 2 entries, looks like the following:
IndexStructure<int> tree; tree["this"] = 3; tree["test"] = 2; t(NULL) /|\ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / h(NULL)\ NULL /|\ NULL / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ e(NULL)| NULL | is(3) | st(2)
The decision tree has a head node, and each node is composed of a reference to a smaller than node, an equal to node and a greater than node. The indexing strategy is not revolutionary on its own, but it gets the job done.
// - IndexStructureNode: // An IndexStructure<T> (public interface available) // holds nodes of type IndexStructureNode<T> (no // public interface). IndexStructureNode should not be used // outside the context of a IndexStructure, // and as a consequence to that, no public interfaces defined. template <class T> class IndexStructureNode { public: friend class IndexStructure<T>; friend class IndexStructureIterator<T>; ~IndexStructureNode() throw(); protected: IndexStructureNode(const IndexStructureNode<T> ©) throw(); IndexStructureNode<T> &operator=(const IndexStructureNode<T> ©) throw(); unsigned long GetNodeId() const throw() { return m_nodeId; } T *get() const throw() { return m_data.get(); } IndexStructureNode(IndexStructure<T> &owner, bool assignId = true) throw(); static IndexStructureNode<T> *ReadNode(IndexStructure<T> *owner, fstream &dStream, unsigned long dNodeId) throw(fstream::failure); void ReadNodeData(fstream &dStream) throw(fstream::failure); void WriteNode(fstream &dStream) throw(fstream::failure); void WriteNodeData(fstream &dStream) throw(fstream::failure); string GetKey() throw(); inline void SetDirty() throw(); inline void FlagReference() throw(); private: unsigned long m_nodeId; // the unique node id // (used in m_parentNode, // m_equalChildNode, m_smallerChildNode, // m_greaterChildNode) string m_index; // the index portion from the node mutable unsigned long m_lastAccess; // the sequential last access to the node // (used to notify to dump to disk) unsigned long m_parentNode; // the parent node of this node // (or 0 if there are no parent node) unsigned long m_equalChildNode; // the node to go to if the test // equals m_index unsigned long m_smallerChildNode; // the node to go to if the test is // smaller than m_index unsigned long m_greaterChildNode; // the node to go to if the test is // greater than m_index shared_auto_ptr<T> m_data; // the data held (if any) by the node IndexStructure<T> &m_owner; // the IndexStructure context // owning the node bool m_dirty; // a dirty flag referred to // prior to dumping to disk };
With the IndexStructureNode template defined, the IndexStructure becomes definable as follows:
#define MEMORYMAP(T) std::map<unsigned long, shared_auto_ptr<IndexStructureNode<T> > > template <class T> class IndexStructure { public: friend class IndexStructureNode<T>; friend class IndexStructureIterator<T>; // Constructor to build an IndexStructure from memory IndexStructure(unsigned int nodeDataLength, unsigned int nodeIndexLength = 6, unsigned int maxNodesInMemory = 2000) throw(FileErrorException, fstream::failure); // IndexStructure destructor ~IndexStructure() throw(); // Accessor of IndexStructure unsigned long GetNodesCount() const throw() { return m_nodesCreationCount; } unsigned long GetNodesInMemoryCount() const throw() { return m_memoryNodes.size(); } bool HasData(const string index) throw(); // Mutator of IndexStructure T& operator[] (const string index) throw(AlgorithmErrorException); // REQUIREMENTS: // - None. // PROMISES: // - Upon return, less than m_maxNodesInMemory will be in memory. void PurgeFromMemory() throw(); protected: // REQUIREMENTS: // - The node needs to be fully constructed and populated with the index // (without the need to ensure // the m_index respects the size constraint). // PROMISES: // - Upon return, new node(s) may get created and // the size of m_index will respect the constraints // of m_nodeIndexlength. // - The return value will point to the last node created // (the one that should contain the data). shared_auto_ptr< IndexStructureNode<T> > AdaptNodeIndexSize(shared_auto_ptr< IndexStructureNode<T> > &node) throw(); // REQUIREMENTS: // - A good node id in parameter. // PROMISES: // - Upon return, the node will have been loaded from disk into memory. shared_auto_ptr<IndexStructureNode<T>> LoadNode(unsigned long dNodeId) throw(BadNodeIdErrorException, fstream::failure); // REQUIREMENTS: // - An opened fstream with the mode in and out and binary. // PROMISES: // - The header in the file will be updated accordingly. void WriteHeader(fstream &dStream) throw(fstream::failure); // REQUIREMENTS: // - An opened fstream with the mode in and out and binary. // - m_headerSize contains the right header size. // - A call to WriteHeader on the fstream will have been previously be made. // PROMISES: // - The file may be resized to ensure node can be written in it. // - The seek position will be placed at the right offset // to start writing the node. void SeekStreamToNodePosition(fstream &dStream, unsigned long dNodeId) throw(fstream::failure); // REQUIREMENTS: // - A node that may have child nodes. // PROMISES: // - The child node's parent will correctly point back to the node // passed as a parameter. void AdaptParentsInChildNodes(shared_auto_ptr< IndexStructureNode<T> > &dNode) throw(); private: string m_fileName; unsigned int m_nodeIndexLength; unsigned int m_nodeDataLength; unsigned int m_maxNodesInMemory; fstream m_cacheStream; mutable unsigned long m_nodesCreationCount; mutable unsigned long m_accessCount; mutable MEMORYMAP(T) m_memoryNodes; mutable int m_headerSize; mutable unsigned long long m_lastAccessTotal; static const char *m_zeroBuffer; };
The important things to note are the presence of m_memoryNodes, m_lastAccess and m_maxNodesInMemory. m_memoryNodes is the std::map that is not optimized for intensive memory usage, and m_maxNodesInMemory specifies how many nodes could be in memory at any given time. m_lastAccess holds a value that was assigned sequentially so that we could later determine how old an access to that IndexStructureNode was made (we will want to keep in memory the latest referenced nodes, and dispose of the older ones at purge time). It is important for each IndexStructureNode to be serializable for the IndexStructure to cache to disk.
While maintaining the m_lastAccess in each IndexStructureNode object, I also maintain m_lastAccessTotal into the associated IndexStructure object. That will keep the total so that I could later use it to average and get to a determination if a reference to a single IndexStructureNode is old enough to be purged or not.
For the caching to disk to be efficient, it helps if the size of a IndexStructureNode object to disk is predictable since we could simply offset its location in a file by a calculation dependant of its id. Once that is all in place, a periodic purge of the memory is invoked as follows:
template <class T> void IndexStructure<t>::PurgeFromMemory() throw() { if (m_memoryNodes.size() > m_maxNodesInMemory) { MEMORYMAP(T) swapMap; unsigned long long newTotal = 0; WriteHeader(m_cacheStream); unsigned long avgAccess = (unsigned long) (m_lastAccessTotal/m_memoryNodes.size()); avgAccess += (avgAccess/3); { for (MEMORYMAP(T)::iterator it = m_memoryNodes.begin(); it != m_memoryNodes.end(); it++) { if (it->second.get()->m_lastAccess < avgAccess) { it->second.get()->WriteNode (m_cacheStream); it->second = NULL; } if (it->second.get() != NULL) { newTotal += it->second.get()-> m_lastAccess; swapMap[it->first] = it->second; } } } m_memoryNodes = swapMap; m_lastAccessTotal = newTotal; } }
... and one needs to always call a special method that will populate a node in memory in the event that it is cached to disk, implemented as follows:
template <class T> shared_auto_ptr<IndexStructureNode<T>> IndexStructure<T>::LoadNode(unsigned long dNodeId) throw(BadNodeIdErrorException, fstream::failure) { if (m_memoryNodes.find(dNodeId) != m_memoryNodes.end()) { return m_memoryNodes[dNodeId]; } else { if ((dNodeId > m_nodesCreationCount) || (dNodeId < 1)) { throw(BadNodeIdErrorException("Bad node id.")); } IndexStructureNode<T> *dNewNode = IndexStructureNode<T>::ReadNode(this, m_cacheStream, dNodeId); m_memoryNodes[dNodeId] = shared_auto_ptr <IndexStructureNode<T>>(dNewNode); return m_memoryNodes[dNodeId]; } }
The indexing strategy would not be completed without some mechanisms to iterate through the accumulated data. For that purpose, the IndexStructureIterator template class was created.
// - IndexStructureIterator (*** PUBLIC INTERFACE ***): // In order to traverse a IndexStructure<t> tree, // use an IndexStructureIterator<t> object. // IndexStructureIterator<int> iterator(dIndex); // for (iterator.Begin(); !iterator.End(); iterator++) // { // cout << "Data (" << iterator.GetKey() << "): " << *iterator.get() << "\n"; // } // ... or, an IndexStructureIterator could traverse only a portion of // an IndexStructure tree // by calling it the following way (provided a second IndexStructureIterator it2): // IndexStructureIterator<int> it(m_index); // for (it.Reset(it2); !it.End(); it++) // { // cout << "Data (" << it.GetKey() << "): " << *it.get() << "\n"; // } // The previous code snippet only outputs the nodes below the current node of it2. // The GetKey method returns the primary key of the current node. // The get method returns the T* of the current node. // The IndexStructureIterator template allows for iterating an IndexStructure. // An increment of an IndexStructureIterator will make it stop // on the next IndexStructureNode that has // some data associated to it. template <class T> class IndexStructureIterator { public: friend class IndexStructure<T>; friend class IndexStructureNode<T>; IndexStructureIterator(IndexStructure<T> &structure) throw(); IndexStructureIterator<T> operator++(int) throw(); T *get() const throw(); void Reset() throw(); void Reset(IndexStructureIterator<T> &it) throw(); bool End() throw(); string GetKey() throw(); IndexStructureIterator<T> Begin() throw(); private: class CDecisionOnNode { public: enum EDirection { goLeft = -1, goCenter = 0, goRight = 2, goUp = 3 }; CDecisionOnNode(unsigned long dNodeId, EDirection dDirection): m_nodeId(dNodeId), m_direction(dDirection) {} unsigned long m_nodeId; EDirection m_direction; }; IndexStructureIterator<T> &operator++() throw() {} void IterateToNextPopulatedNode() throw(); stack<CDecisionOnNode> m_decisions; IndexStructure<T> &m_structure; bool m_endReached; shared_auto_ptr< IndexStructureNode<T> > m_curNode; };
The iteration through the tree uses a stack of CDecisionOnNode in order to ensure that each node is only visited once. By maintaining that stack of CDecisionOnNode, the algorithm already produces an answer to a later inquiry (where should I go), and the size of the stack is limited to the depth of the index tree. The algorithm looks as follows:
template <class T> void IndexStructureIterator<T>::IterateToNextPopulatedNode() throw() { shared_auto_ptr< IndexStructureNode<T> > disqualifyNode = m_curNode; if ((!m_endReached) && (!m_decisions.empty())) { bool skipNextTest = false; do { CDecisionOnNode dDecision = m_decisions.top(); // Unexpected (may be because of multi-threading issues). if (dDecision.m_nodeId != m_curNode->GetNodeId()) { CDecisionOnNode otherDecision (m_curNode->GetNodeId(), CDecisionOnNode::goLeft); if (m_curNode.get()->get() != NULL) { m_decisions.push(otherDecision); break; } else { dDecision = otherDecision; m_decisions.push(otherDecision); } } switch (dDecision.m_direction) { case CDecisionOnNode::goLeft: m_decisions.top().m_direction = CDecisionOnNode::goCenter; if (m_curNode->m_smallerChildNode != 0) { m_curNode = m_structure.LoadNode (m_curNode->m_smallerChildNode); } else { continue; } m_decisions.push(CDecisionOnNode (m_curNode->GetNodeId(), CDecisionOnNode::goLeft)); break; case CDecisionOnNode::goCenter: m_decisions.top().m_direction = CDecisionOnNode::goRight; if (m_curNode->m_equalChildNode != 0) { m_curNode = m_structure.LoadNode (m_curNode->m_equalChildNode); } else { continue; } m_decisions.push(CDecisionOnNode (m_curNode->GetNodeId(), CDecisionOnNode::goLeft)); break; case CDecisionOnNode::goRight: m_decisions.top().m_direction = CDecisionOnNode::goUp; if (m_curNode->m_greaterChildNode != 0) { m_curNode = m_structure.LoadNode (m_curNode->m_greaterChildNode); } else { continue; } m_decisions.push(CDecisionOnNode (m_curNode->GetNodeId(), CDecisionOnNode::goLeft)); break; case CDecisionOnNode::goUp: m_decisions.pop(); if ((m_curNode->m_parentNode != 0) && (!m_decisions.empty())) { m_curNode = m_structure.LoadNode (m_curNode->m_parentNode); disqualifyNode = m_curNode; } else { m_endReached = true; } break; } } while ((!m_endReached) && ((m_curNode.get()->get() == NULL) || (disqualifyNode.get()->get() == m_curNode.get()->get())) && (!m_decisions.empty())); } if (m_curNode.get()->get() == NULL) { m_endReached = true; } }
The creation of a language-model generation class (CLMEngine) becomes easy once these services are in place. As a matter of fact, the CLMEngine class's implementation fits within 150 lines of code (with almost 1/3 being comments), and the logic is extremely easy to follow. Even better than that is the fact that its calculations are never bound to any memory limitation issues.
double CLMEngine::CalculateOneProbability(string dKey, CNodeData dNodeData) throw() { if (dNodeData.m_level == 1) { // For 1-grams, the probability is the count of // the event divided by the total amount of event (not unique), // all that diluted the discounted mass. For example, // for the node containing the word 'a', the probability would be // how many times 'a' is found in the corpus divided by // the total amount of words in the same corpus, then // multiplied by the non-discounted mass. return (double)((double)1.0-m_discount) * (double)dNodeData.m_count/(double)m_levelEvents [dNodeData.m_level-1].m_events; } else { // For N-grams (where N > 1), the probability is the amount of events // divided by the amount of events in the N-1 gram starting // with the same N-1 words. For example, for the node // 'this is a' in the 3-grams, the probability is // how many times that sequence // is found in the corpus divided by how many times // 'this is' is found in the same corpus, multiplied by the // non-discounted mass. return (double)((double)1.0-m_discount) * (double)dNodeData.m_count/(double)m_index [dKey.substr(0, dKey.length() - dNodeData.m_lastTokenLength - 1)].m_count; } } double CLMEngine::CalculateOneBackoffProbability (IndexStructureIterator<cnodedata> &dLocationInTree) throw() { double dSum = 0; IndexStructureIterator<cnodedata> it(m_index); // We only iterate through the sub-nodes that were passed in parameter // to this method. for (it.Reset(dLocationInTree); !it.End(); it++) { // Under the node that was passed as a parameter, // only N+1 grams are of interest to us, and from // these, only the nodes that start with the words // provided from the node passed in parameter. // For example, to calculate the backoff calculation of // 'is a', we would need to sum the probabilities // of all 1-gram nodes that complete the 3-gram nodes // starting with 'is a', for example 'is a test' // and 'is a second' (hence 'test' and 'second'). // That then needs to be diluted to the discounted mass. if ((it.get()->m_level == (dLocationInTree.get()->m_level + 1)) && (dLocationInTree.GetKey().compare(it.GetKey().substr(0, it.GetKey().length() - it.get() ->m_lastTokenLength - 1)) == 0)) { string dKey = it.GetKey().substr (it.get()->m_firstTokenLength + 1); dSum += CalculateOneProbability(dKey, m_index[dKey]); } } return (m_discount/(floor(((double)1-dSum)*100000+0.5)/100000)); }
With the code attached to this article, a language-model is generated from a corpus of 1.5 MB within 2 minutes of analysis time.
Note that the IndexStructure class could be improved to be written and read to and from disk. That would be somewhat useful in order to skip the word counting phase within the context of language-model calculation and would allow for a faster merge of multiple language-models. To this day, merging language models has almost never been factored into research and even less deployments. Now that we are heading towards more specialization of language-models, one could easily think of a physician that is a radiologist and an oncologist. He could be offered to use a language-model that holds both corpus at the same time, and for these calculations to happen, if the count files would have been kept to disk, the merging process only becomes a matter of generating a sum index tree and then performing the language-model calculations themselves (hence saving a lot of time on recounting the words once again).
That being said, for those that are not as passionate about speech-recognition as I am, I hope the exposed techniques to deal with memory management within this article would benefit some in the community that has given me so much over time.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
Member 1078443 wrote:I agree with you that boost's shared pointers could have been used, but I wanted this article to be about STL, and such a service does not exist under STL
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Fri, 2012-12-21 11:47
Interested in learning more about the Fels Institute of Government? Follow the link on the right to view the transcript from our recent Live Chat, featuring the Fels Admissions team and a few of our current students.
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Friday, December 14, 2012
Shorter Bobby Jindal
Let's change our position on birth control because Democrats are cheating by accurately describing our
position on birth control.
Obviously Jindal does not understand what motivates the anti-unapproved of sex nuts in his party.
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nishikaze Reviews: 7 |
When I first heard of the show I passed it by. The concept didn't seem all that interesting to me. Then recently my son started watching the show and I started to watch it too. I found surprisingly better then I thought it would be. It was silly and cute, the colors are bright, the storyline not so serious and the characters interesting. It also had decent amount of cartoon action that is a combination of old-time slapstick and Kung-Fu high jinx. The characters are actually amazingly original and have a decent amount of depth for a show meant for youngsters. I do believe this the first time I have ever seen a Brazilian character in a television show, let alone be such a crucial character as the series goes on. But then again all the characters are like that. They are original takes on old standbys. And the first villain and sometimes ally is truly the most fun character. Every time he screams you feel the need to giggle. Some of the funniest moments involve him in some way. The humor of the show, from the names of the Shen Gong Wu to the sight gags also make the show fun to watch. True some of the gags are on the puerile side, and there is the occasional underwear joke, but it isn't overwhelming and it is appealing to a young audience. What's funnier to an 8 -year-old boy then underwear? The dialog is fast paced however, and this is what appeals to the older audience. The art and animation are also both original and well done and the music is not memorable but is suitable for the show and does not stand out. Now this show will not appeal to everybody, especially those who expect deep story lines and high art, but it is very good for what it's intended to be: a light-hearted Kung-Fu comedy. It is definitely a show that deserves a second look. Review posted on Tuesday, April 3rd 2007 at 12:04 pm |


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August 6, 2012
Dusty Thibodeaux WarhawkReport.com
West Mesquite, Texas linebacker Nick Akins got woken up by an offer from the ULM Warhawks. Come inside to for more on the Hit Stick. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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- Filed Under
Metro-area residents are commiserating together about their broken windshields and dinged-up cars left in the wake of severe, baseball-sized hail that moved through the metro beginning at about 4 p.m.
"When it happened, it got real dark. It got real loud," said Mississippi College public relations director Tracey Harrison, who was in the Baptist Healthplex next to campus when the hail came through.
"But now, there's a little sunshine coming out. It's unbelievable," she said shortly before 5 p.m. ...


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1995 Subaru Impreza LX 4dr Wagon AWD
I bought my 95 LX while living in Vancouver, Canada seven years ago. Six months in, the engine blew. Turned out it was a faulty repair that resulted in the engine chewing itself to bits. The dealer sourced a used one ($2000 CDN, including labor), and gave me 3 months' warranty on the work. 7.5 years later (with 262,000 kms on the clock) it still runs like a top. I took it in to have it smogged last fall and the tester said, "what does this thing run on, air??" Emissions were lower than some new hybrids he'd tested.
All the usual good stuff about subarus is represented here - great in snow, pretty strong little motor (the 2.2 at least) and better than your average econobox to drive.
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1995 Subaru Impreza LX 2dr Coupe AWD
I bought this car 7 years ago, and it was the best decision I ever made. Only had 60k miles when I bought it; now has 170k. This car has been all the way across the country and back. Has endured 3 very minor accidents, which are fully repaired, and has lived through a technician's serious error. He had taken the pulley's and gears off the crank shaft to fix an oil leak but didn't put it back together right. The car jumped out of timing, which i couldn't figure out at first, and ran it like that for some time. When the problem got to bad to run the car, we finally figured out the problem. When other American made junk would have been dead, this car still runs like when i got it.
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1995 Subaru Impreza L 4dr Wagon AWD
Have loved this car for 6 years. Drove it 5 days a week for 3 years as a pizza delivery car. I like to drive at high RPM and as fast as possible around corners and over speed bumps so needless to say this car has taken a beating. That said only thing it needed to keep it going was gas and oil changes and of course brakes. At this point the struts are pretty wasted, but other than that it continues to cruise along like it did when I bought it 6 years ago. I love that my car can get up and go every time there is a snow storm and everyone else is left stuck on the side of the road. This is a reliable car that takes a beating. Just like I like a car to be.
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1995 Subaru Impreza 4dr Sedan
Well. I'm happy to say that the auto in the 1.8 was surprisingly more frisky and rev happy than I originally thought. It's relatively quick upon acceleration as well, considering you're driving a saloon automatic. Performance: well. on 13's, this thing is fun. Diving into corners is great. The perfect amount of body roll, the perfect amount of predictable understeer, the FF oversteer is extremely entertaining on a car with 170k+ miles. This car is fine. It is just a perfect cruiser. Yea, it's not turbo. Yea, its not AWD. Yea, it's not a manual. But you know what - this car has heart. This car will get you from here to there. And you'll be comfortable. And to hear the 13's squeal...
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1995 Subaru Impreza Outback Special Edition 4dr Wagon AWD
This car refuses to die. It now has 17500+ miles on it (mostly from teenagers). This car has plowed through snow that was over the bumper. It's been air-borne on dirt roads many times too. This is the most amazing car I've ever owned. It's like a tank. It can take anything. It gets great mileage too (26-32).
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1995 Subaru Impreza LX 4dr Sedan AWD
The 1.8L with 5 speed manual transmission is by far the slowest car I have ever driven, but, the car is the funnest car I have ever driven during the winter. This car can feel like you are driving a toy car around if you have driven other manual cars this is a bit jerky driving but the gas mileage is good. Not very much for modification out there if you don't know what to look for but if you know Subarus you know what can be done to this car, very cheap to make fast but needs a engine upgrade almost for sure.
Read the full review
1995 Subaru Impreza L 4dr Wagon AWD
I bought this car new in 1995, it's still my primary and favorite car. You can't beat the handling and it goes like a sherman tank in the snow. Very little maintenance other than routine. This is my second Subaru and I hope it never dies. 126,000 miles of mostly country roads. My only complaint is I was too cheap to buy the larger engine and with the AC on, sometimes I could use more power.
Read the full review
1995 Subaru Impreza L 2dr Coupe AWD
This is the second Impreza I've owned, and I love them. My last one was an 02 2.5, the only thing about the one I have now is the interior is cheap, and the sterio stinks (85w cassette player and 4 paper cone filters, one was blown) but 4 new Pioneer speakers, a 10" Pioneer sub sonyxplod deck and 600watt amp later it sounds great. Plus the cheap interior makes this car super easy to work on. In New England the AWD is a must, the car grips the road better than my 02 (2600lbs now instead of 3100lbs 02)
Read the full review
1995 Subaru Impreza L 4dr Sedan
The AWD is the only valuable feature here, and it's not necessary for climates where you only have a winter of 3 to 4 months. Parts are expensive (in the USA), many available only from the dealer. The AWD requires frequent alignment checks, and seems to become misaligned sporadically (sometimes alignment will be in spec, other times it will be way off). Bought at 99K miles, currently at 150K and the frequency, cost of maintenance, as well as the risk of it dying anywhere at any time, is making me consider replacing it. Suspension makes you feel every small bump in road, and the tiniest ones are jarring. Cup holder is in worst possible location covering dashboard controls when in use.
Read the full review
1995 Subaru Impreza L 4dr Sedan
My dad bought the car new in 95, never had to replace anything except for regular tune-up things like brake pads, spark plugs, etc. It has 208,000 miles on it now, still runs like it did years ago. I have redlined this car since I have had it, I have put this car through a lot of rough driving and it has held up better than any car I have ever seen. I highly recommend this car.
Read the full review
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Dr. Puneet Chawla
Dr. Puneet Chawla
Vastu Expert
He is a learned vaastu expert from South India, and is well-versed in various Indian Scriptures like the Vedas, Puranas and Upanishads. He is today a well known authority on the ancient sciene of architecture popularly known as Vaastu.This great Indian science is based on the influene of t...
Read more
He is a learned vaastu expert from South India, and is well-versed in various Indian Scriptures like the Vedas, Puranas and Upanishads. He is today a well known authority on the ancient sciene of architecture popularly known as Vaastu.
This great Indian science is based on the influene of the directions,elements of nature and cosmic forces on the premises.The wonderful principles of this great science provide methods to harmoniously balance thsese influences in order to fill the premises with harmony, peace, health and prosperity for the dwellers. Many consultants suggest demolishing the defective portions of a building but this is not very practical and involves enormous expenses.
"Dr Puneet Chawla uses Colour Therapy, Pyramid-logy, some Metals, Crystals & Energising Therapise to rectify vaastu defects without any demolition. His fruitful broad-spectrum experience in this field has made him an authority.He is a brand name in Vaastu today. Even hearing his name generates positive energies in the minds of his readers, Viewers, Audience and clients, the latter running into many thousands."
Dr.Chawla Believes
Happiness is of two types, one is transient happiness and the other is long lasting happiness, we can call the later as true happiness. We come across many people who seem to be full of energy, have a wide circle of friends and are always on a move. They want change and action and give an impression that they are very happy. But their happiness is onl y transient, very short lived and conditional. In their hearts they are always dissatisfied, far from true happiness. True happiness is a great blessing and brings contentment and satisfaction. These are four belief systems which keep true appiness at bay.
BELIEF SYSTEM NO. 1 : 'The things which i dont havge are better than what i have'- You believe that what the other person has much better than what you have. The fact is that 'the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
BELIEF SYSTEM NO. 2 : 'More is better'- We believe that more is better. No matter how much we have you think having still more is better and this belief makes you unhappy.
BELIEF SYSTEM NO. 3 : 'I shall be happy only if i get what i want'- by such a belief you make your happiness conditional. When you get what you want then instead of feeling contend and happy you set another goal and connect your happiness with that.
BELIEF SYSTEM NO. 4 : 'I shall be happy only if the other person is behaving and as i expect'- By such a thinking you make your happiness unstable. We are always dependent on others, if people around us do not lsten we are bothered. One needs to have unbound faith in God's compassion and His mysterious ways of help. In Shaloka 47, Chapter 2 of Srimad Bhagwad Gita Lord Krishna says: 'Karmani-vaadhika-rastey ma phaleshu kadachan ma karmphal-hetur-bhoorma te sango-astav-karmani' Through this shaloka the Lord commands, 'Thy business is with action only and never with its fruits therefore,let not the fruits of your actions be thy motive. Also do not get attached to inaction.' So my best advice is that when you face any problem or difficult situation then follow the available solutions within our culture, I can only be a guide, do your part well by taking an appropiate and timely action and leave the results to God.
A Versatile Personality
He is not only renowed vaastu consultant but is an established and well qualified person and provides services in the following areas:
- Vaastu(His core area of working )
- As Author
- Corporate Trainer
As an Author
He holds a prestigious position of a reognised author due to his first book, 'Vaastu-Secrets for a Better Life', published by the Times Group Books (A company of Times of India Group). This is a highly appreciated book byreaders, and has surpassed all sales records in vaastu books.
His forthcoming books from various publishers embracing intresting topics from Indian Mythology, Vedic Culture, Crystal etc. will soon be available.
The Second book is Hindu Beliefs & Rituals by Times of India: Ever wondered why the Tulsi is an integral part of every Hindu household?. Why is a simple stone worshipped as a deity by millions in India?. What are the facts behind the beliefs and rituals that make up the spiritual aspect of our life?. This book unearths all such questions. It gives logical explanations about traditions that have developed over centuries. Through this book Dr.Chawla aims to prove that traditions can never be irrational and we have to immortalize our traditions by linking them to pratical, day to day existence. This book attempts to popularize Indian traditions both among the young generation as well as Indians living abroad.
His Assets
Understands Psychology
The art of Hypnotherapy is used to understand and solve the behavioural patterns in people. This helps in removing deep seated fears and phobias and other problems. The origin of deep seated problems, personality traits could be in the previous incarnation of a person and for this hynosis is used for past life regression. As the subconscious mind is a link between the present and the past lives, tapping the subconscious mind is also essential. He has received qualification and training in Past Life Regression Therapy, and talking to subconscious and spirit release from the California Hypnosis institute, California, USA. He has done Clinical Hynotherapy from the California Hypnosis institute, California, USA. He only uses this therapy to solve problems after vaastu defects are removed.
Helps Control Yourself
He runs specialised courses for corporate houses in Self Hynosis, Stress Management, Prosperity Development and Global Achievement. Through these courses he has brought greater effeciency, increased productivity and turnover, quality service and stress-free atmosphere to many organisations. He also provides courses in 'Sex, communication and happiness', and especially for NRI's, 'Secrets of Vedic culture'.
Balance Energy
Energy cleansing helps in getting rid of negative or bad vibrations or in other words evil spirits and fill the space with positive and harmonious ones. We will like to have a place where we feel comfortable and relaxed and a home is such a place. But due to the presence of negative vibrations the place may not give peace and tranquilly, therefore energy clearance is required. Dr Puneet Chawla is an adept in this field. He holds an MBBS degree,as a doctor in Alternative Medicine, from the Institute of Alternative Medicine and Research, Kolkata(India). He has also undertaken courses in energy healing such as Panic Healing, Pranic Psychotherapy, and Crystal Therapy from the World Pranic Healing Foundation Inc., Manila, Philippines.
His Miscellaneous Achivements
Dr Puneet Chawla's weekly columns and innumerable write-ups on Vaastu-related issues in national newspaper supplements like 'What's Hot'(Times of India), and 'HT City'(Hindustan Times), have created a large readers base. He appears in regular Live Television show in one of the country's leading News Channel 'LIVE INDIA'. This is a one hour show and creates lot of TRP for the program. This show is telecasted directly on Saturdays and Sundays. Apart from this programme he keeps appearing on various other TV-channels like Aastha TV, Sadhana TV, etc from time to time.
His Dreams
He is a visionary and dreams of harmonious peaeful and happier world. For realising his dreams he is professionally dedicated to serving the society, Dr Chawla believes that problems and achievement's in ones life are subject to destiny, Karmic effects and environmental conditions (vaastu). In order to enjoy a happy and easy life, one can manipulate these three conditions, and control and guide his/her fortune.
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Vastu for Office Space by Dr. Puneet Chawla
Requirement for the analysis: Layout of office/shop, Nature of business, Your personal nature(100 words that describes you in business), Your liking of colors About your Relations and family, Hea...
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Technical Notes Cupcake Sauvignon long cool seasons in the South Island that allows our sauvignon blanc grapes to mature slowly, giving the wine levels of complexity and a vibrant zing. This Sauvignon Blanc is reminiscent of a lemon chiffon cupcake. It's made up of integrated flavors of Meyer lemons, Key limes and a finish that awakens the appetite There are hints of grapefruit, gooseberry and citrus, and comes together with a long, creamy finish.
Food Pairing Serve chilled with oysters on a half shell or with a rich and succulent Lobster Risotto.


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Find the Bear Soft Book
Develop your young child's mind early by having them start reading at an early age with the Find the Bear Soft Book from Manhattan Toy. This book is light, soft, and engaging, featuring textures, patterns, noises, and peek-a-boo items for children to explore and with which to engage. This cute book will stimulate your child's senses as he or she follows this silly panda from the depths of the oceans to the vastness of outer space. Measures 7"L x 2"W x 7"H.
From Manhattan Toy |
Item # 208150 MA
- Price:
- $15.95
- Customer Reviews:
- Currently 0/5 Stars.
- Recommended Age:
- 6 months and up
- Usually Ships:
- within 24 hours
- This soft book will engage and stimulate your child's senses with patterns, bright colors, textures, and noises
- This soft, light book allows your child to follow a cute bear through all of its favorite places such as trains, dump trucks, and outer space
- Size: 7"L x 2"W x 7"H


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There are three organizations that offer the PennDOT-approved Basic and Refresher Mature Driver Improvement courses at various locations throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and online. All of these approved courses address the specific safety needs of the mature driver by helping the mature driver understand how aging affects driving abilities and providing insight about driving on todays roadways. There are no written or practical driving tests. The course fees are moderate, but vary with each organization.
In addition, under Pennsylvania law, drivers 55 and older are eligible to receive a 5 percent discount on their vehicle insurance by completing the Basic Mature Driver Improvement Course. In order to maintain the discount, individuals would have to take the Refresher Mature Driver Improvement Course every three years. Individuals should check with their insurance carrier for specifics of their program.
Contact the following organizations to check fees and availability:
AAA Check local offices for availability www.aaa.com
AARP 1-888-227-7669 www.aarp.org
Seniors for Safe Driving 1-800-559-4880 www.sfsd-pa.com
Safe2Drive email@example.com 1-800-763-1297 www.safe2drive.com


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Connect with Us
Equal treatment needed for disabled
It has come to my attention that Island Transit's paratransit does not serve all Island County disabled equally. My husband in Rolling Hills gets door-to-door service six days a week; but those who don't live "near Highway 20" must ride their local bus and transfer at the station in Oak Harbor to whatever route goes to their destination, a troublesome move especially in bad weather.
Then they must repeat the process to get home. If their local bus doesn't run on Saturday, then they have service only five days a week. It is patently unfair that having six-day service depends upon where you live, when so many community activities take place on Saturdays.
Nancy Hodges Hughes
Oak Harbor
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Kelty Villa 4 Footprint
Weight |
16 oz / 0.5 kg |
Width |
90 in / 229 cm |
Length |
90 in / 229 cm |
Footprint Material |
1800 mm PU Nylon Taffeta |
Manufacturer's Description
Visit Kelty's Villa 4 Footprint page.
Retailers' Descriptions
Here's what other sites are saying:
Kelty footprints extend the life of your tent's floor by protecting it from rough and abrasive surfaces.
- Altrec Outdoors
Sticks and stones may break your bones, but they won't pokes in your tent's floor when you use the Kelty Villa 4 Footprint. This fitted footprint may save your Kelty Villa 4 tent's life if you're hanging out in a low-altitude base camp for a month or even after a single night in a less-than-ideal campsite by the lake.
- Backcountry.com
This coated nylon tarp, used underneath your Kelty Villa 4 tent, protects its floor from abrasion and wear. A bit smaller than the tent floor, it's the perfect size to prevent pooling of water under tent during rainy weather. Comes in a mesh stuff sack. Footprint will add approximately 10 to 14 oz. to your pack depending on tent model.
Kelty Villa 4 Footprint
The Villa 4 Footprint has been discontinued. It last appeared in Kelty's 2010 product line.
The Kelty Villa 4 Footprint is not available from the stores we monitor. It was last seen August 28, 2013 at Altrec Outdoors.
If you're looking for a new footprint, check out the best reviewed current models.


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Numerical continuation of connecting orbits of maps in MATLAB
Khoshsiar Ghaziani, R. and Govaerts, W. and Kuznetsov, Yu.A. and Meijer, H.G.E. (2009) Numerical continuation of connecting orbits of maps in MATLAB. Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 15 (8-9). pp. 849-875. ISSN 1023-6198
Restricted to UT campus only : Request a copy 1MB |
Abstract: | We present new or improved methods to continue heteroclinic and homoclinic orbits to fixed points in iterated maps and to compute their fold bifurcation curves, corresponding to the tangency of the invariant manifolds. The proposed methods are applicable to general n-dimensional maps and are implemented in matlab. They are based on the continuation of invariant subspaces (CIS) algorithm, which is presented in a novel way. The systems of defining equations include the Riccati equations appearing in CIS for bases of the generalized stable and unstable eigenspaces. We use the bordering techniques to continue the folds, and provide full algorithmic details on how to treat the Jacobian matrix of the defining system as a sparse matrix in matlab. For a special - but important in applications - case n = 2 we describe the first matlab implementation of known algorithms to grow one-dimensional stable and unstable manifolds of the fixed points of noninvertible maps. The methods are applied to study heteroclinic and homoclinic connections in the generalized Hénon map. |
Item Type: | Article |
Copyright: | © 2009 Taylor & Francis |
Faculty: | Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) |
Research Group: | |
Link to this item: | http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/68366 |
Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236190802357677 |
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Definition of Oozing
1. Noun. The process of seeping.
Generic synonyms: Flow, Flowing
Specialized synonyms: Exudation, Transudation
Derivative terms: Ooze, Ooze, Oozy, Ooze, Ooze, Seep
2. Adjective. Leaking out slowly.
Definition of Oozing
1. Verb. (present participle of ooze) ¹
¹ Source: wiktionary.com
Definition of Oozing
1. ooze [v] - See also: ooze
Oozing Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Oozing Images
Lexicographical Neighbors of Oozing
Literary usage of Oozing
Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature:
1. Homœopathic Therapeutics by Samuel Lilienthal (1890)
"Eczema on margin of hair in front, worse coming from cold into warm room, oozing
after washing; all secretions tenacious, ropy, increased. Hydrocotyle. ..."
2. Prevention of Disease and Care of the Sick: How to Keep Well and what to Do by William Gordon Stimpson, Milton Hugh Foster (1919)
"oozing. Occasionally considerable oozing will persist from a wound which is possibly
... Such oozing can almost always be controlled by the pressure of a ..."
3. The Æneid of Virgil by Virgil (1910)
"She aspersed a stream From dark Avernus drawn, she said; soft herbs Were cut by
moonlight with a blade of bronze, oozing black poison-sap; ..."
4. The Principles and Practice of Gynaecology by Thomas Addis Emmet (1880)
"Elephantiasis and hypertrophy of labia and clitoris—Fibrous and fatty tumors—
oozing tumor—Labial cysts—Vaginismus—Vaginitis—Disease of the cervix and ..."


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Briefly: OmniGroup updates apps for iOS 7, Snapguide 1.7 released
updated 12:49 pm EDT, Thu September 19, 2013
OmniGroup updates three iOS apps
The Omni Group has released updated versions of OmniOutliner for iPad, OmniPlan for iPad, and OmniFocus for iPhone in the App Store. All of the updates have been redesigned with iOS 7 in mind, offering both new interfaces and support for iOS 7's new background app refresh support. OmniFocus 2 for iPhone features a new home screen that provides users with more information than previous versions, while OmniOutliner 2 for iPad has gained a redesigned Doc Picker and support for organizing files by folder. Finally, OmniPlan 2 has been updated with a few features that were previously only in the desktop release, and now includes a $40 in-app purchase that adds support for importing Microsoft Project files. The updated apps require a new purchase, separate from v1.x, and are priced at $20 (OmniFocus 2), $30 (OmniOutliner 2), and $60 (OmniPlan 2).
Snapguide updated for iOS 7
Snapguide, a tool for sharing and viewing step-by-step how to guides, has been updated for iOS 7. The v1.7 release brings an updated design that matches the aesthetics of iOS 7 while also enhancing guide viewing. The iPhone version has also gained a new explore section, larger images, and the ability to search for guides, requests and people. Snapguide is a free download in the App Store.


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AEM Induction#598-21-8011DCBrute Force Air Induction System |
AEM Induction 21-8011DC - AEM Brute Force Air Induction Systems with DryFlow Filters Details
GM Trucks
Never Oil Your Filter Again! AEM designs its BRUTE FORCE air intakes for popular trucks, SUVs and late-model, fuel injected muscle cars, and dyno-tunes each system to produce more torque and horsepower for large displacement engines. Their mechanical engineers emphasize tuning the resonance properties of the inlet pipe to help carry more air to the intake valves. They route the plumbing so that the filter draws air from the safest and coolest location, and provide a steel powder coated heat shield to shroud the filter from engine heat and road dirt. Every BRUTE FORCE intake made is guaranteed for the life of your vehicle. AEM's R&D testing procedures and quality-first manufacturing processes set their intakes apart. But what makes the intakes better is they deliver more torque and horsepower while providing superior filtration and performance using a Dryflow synthetic air filter. Combine this with a steel heat shield, reinforced brackets, unmatched looks and a lifetime guarantee, and it's easy to see why BRUTE FORCE Intakes deliver the most "Air Power."
Manufactured and assembled in the USA!
AEM Induction 598-21-8011DC
Ships 05/07/15


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clear view - Unregistered December 13, 2012 4:10 PM Well Berni has a large stake in Paul Ricard so if a race was to return I'd put money on it being their. Personally the more cars and teams the better. Back markers make it more interesting, it's,all part of racecraft. 0 agree 0 disagree
Pole Position - Unregistered December 13, 2012 4:53 PM I hope it does happen. This is a classic circuit and one of my favorites. 3 agree 0 disagree


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2001 Chateau d'Yquem Sauternes
Find the Lowest Priceavailable from 5 retailers online
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About Chateau d'Yquem
For centuries Y'quem has been unchallenged as the finest example of Sauternes and the most famous sweet wine in the world...
2001 Chateau d'Yquem Sauternes
Producer: Chateau d'Yquem
Style: Sweet Wine
Grape Type: Semillon
Origin: France
Region: Bordeaux
Appellation: Sauternes and Barsac
Your Rating & Review
9 Member Ratings
Average Member Rating: 5.0 out of 5 stars5 stars | (9) | |
4 stars | (0) | |
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Member Notes
by WineNerd007
Perfection. What else is there to say?
Perfection may be debatable....
by Gregory12430138
....but this wine is well worth every dollar and then some.
Perfect Sweet White Wine!!!
by chui12378762
i think is close to 1921 yquem....
Way too early, but O.M.G!
by BaronMGera
Where the 95 is lacking, the '01 is there...I can't wait for this to grow up....Half a thousand dollars later, it is for your kids...No way will it be at its best --perhaps the best yquem ever-- in our lifetime. Buy it, and hold it for your children, nephews, nieces, etc...
Buy 1995 to consume.


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Fire officials in Mansfield say a young man pulled unconscious from a swimming pool in town last weekend has died.
Chief Neal Boldrighini tells The Sun Chronicle that the man, who was in his early 20s, was unconscious after bystanders pulled him from a pool shortly before 11 p.m. Saturday.
When fire officials arrived, bystanders had already performed CPR on the victim.
Boldrighini says the man was taken to Sturdy Memorial Hospital in Attleboro, where he died.
The chief could not provide the man's name, his exact age, or where he was from, except to say that he wasn't a local.


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Well, Jane was bound to pick this one butwe'll let her as, having sampled their wares, we can agree that it's good stuff and they have justwon the 2009 Best Organic Retailer Award so it's not just Jane who thinks they're great. Of particular note is the constantly expanding recipe suggestions section. After all, if you are truly committed to the seasonal-veg delivery, there's going to be a point in the year when cabbage might feature quite heavily. You can also order meat from Riverford.
Where 0845 600 2311; www.riverford.co.uk
© independent.co.uk


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