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Sandra White
Sandra White MSP |
Deputy Convener of the Scottish Parliament Public Petitions Committee |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office 14 June 2011 |
Preceded by | John Farquhar Munro |
Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow Kelvin |
Incumbent | |
Assumed office 5 May 2011 |
Preceded by | Pauline McNeill |
Majority | 882 |
Member of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow |
In office 6 May 1999 – 5 May 2011 |
Personal details | |
Born | Glasgow, Scotland |
17 August 1951
Political party | Scottish National Party |
Sandra White (born 17 August 1951) is a Scottish politician, the Scottish National Party MSP for the Glasgow Kelvin constituency. She was previously a list MSP for the Glasgow electoral region since 1999.
Early years and career[edit]
White contested Glasgow Kelvin in 1999 where she came second to the Labour Party candidate by 4,408 votes. She was re-elected to sit in the parliament to represent the Glasgow region in 2003, topping the SNP's list of candidates for that region. Contesting Glasgow Kelvin that year she again came second to Labour, this time by the smaller margin of 3,289 votes.[1]
White was re-elected on the regional list in 2007. In the 2011 election, she again contested the Glasgow Kelvin seat, this time defeating the sitting Labour MSP Pauline McNeill by 882 votes. White served as an SNP Parliamentary group whip in the first parliamentary session and currently sits on the parliament's Public Petitions Committee, and, Equal Opportunities Committee.[2][3][4]
As a campaigner[edit]
White has forged a role as a crusading campaigner and working MSP while also holding her party's Deputy Social Justice portfolio. Her campaigns include against closures and downgrading (including a 1,600 signature petition) at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill and the Queen Mother's Hospital.[2][3][4] She has also campaigned extensively against racism[5] and for better treatment of asylum seekers, including joining an occupation against so-called 'dawn raids'.[6]
Her other campaigns have included the successful attempts to save the 7:84 theatre group from threatened loss of funding by the Scottish Arts Council [7] and involvement in Stop the War Coalition events,[8] while high-profile constituency work has included the August 2006 case of an 86-year old widow who was threatened with court by Glasgow Housing Association.[9]
White previously served as an SNP councillor in Renfrewshire and currently lives in the Merchant City. In 2006, White generated some controversy when she referred to the Union Flag as the "butcher's apron".[10]
- ^ "Scottishpolitics.com". Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ a b "Health chiefs to come under fire over plans for hospital closure". Edinburgh: The Scotsman. 2004-01-20. Retrieved 2006-09-02.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Board expected to close maternity hospital". Edinburgh: The Scotsman. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2006-09-02.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Baby hospital closure confirmed". BBC. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "Westminster 'hampers' racism plan". BBC. 2005-02-10. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "Protesters in 'asylum raid' demo". BBC. 2005-11-02. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "7:84 group fears 'elitist' arts council will cut cash". Sunday Herald. 2006-09-02. Archived from the original on 2006-03-22. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "Scots protests at Israeli action". BBC. 2006-07-22. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
- ^ "MSP seeks law change after OAP's 'nonsense' court case". Evening Times. 2006-09-02. Retrieved 2006-09-02.[dead link]
- ^ SNP spat over 'butcher's apron' statement
External links[edit]
- 1951 births
- Living people
- Scottish National Party MSPs
- Members of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow constituencies
- Councillors in Scotland
- Scottish republicans
- Female members of the Scottish Parliament
- Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
- Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–07
- Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–11
- Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–


text:
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Dost Mohammad of Bhopal
Dost Mohammad Khan | |
Nawab of Bhopal | |
Reign | 1707-1728 |
Successor | Sultan Muhammad Khan (with Yar Mohammad Khan as regent) |
Consort | Mehraj Bibi Fatah Bibi Taj Bibi |
Pashto name | دوست محمد خان ميرازي خېل |
Dynasty | Mirazi khel of Orakzai tribe |
Father | Nur Mohammad Khan |
Born | 1657 Tirah |
Died | 1728 Bhopal |
Burial | Fatehgarh, Bhopal 23°15′N 77°25′E / 23.25°N 77.42°ECoordinates: 23°15′N 77°25′E / 23.25°N 77.42°E |
Religion | Islam |
Dost Mohammad Khan (c. 1657–1728) was the founder of the Bhopal State in central India.[1] He founded the city of Bhopal, the capital of the Madhya Pradesh state.[2]
A Pashtun[3][4] from Tirah, Dost Mohammad Khan joined the Mughal imperial army at Delhi in 1703. He rapidly rose through the ranks, and was assigned to the Malwa province in central India. After the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to several local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of Berasia estate, while serving the small Rajput principality of Mangalgarh as a mercenary. He invited his Pashtun kinsmen to Malwa to create a group of loyal associates.[5] Khan successfully protected Mangalgarh from its other Rajput neighbors, married into its royal family, and took over the state after the death of its heirless dowager Rani.[6]
Khan sided with the local Rajput chiefs of Malwa in a rebellion against the Mughal empire. Defeated and wounded in the ensuing battle, he ended up helping an injured Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, one of the Sayyid Brothers. This helped him gain the friendship of the Sayyid Brothers, who had become highly influential king-makers in the Mughal court. Subsequently, Khan annexed several territories in Malwa to his state. Khan also provided mercenary services to the Rani Kamlapati, the ruler of a small Gond kingdom, and received the territory of Bhopal (then a small village) in lieu of payment. After the Rani's death, he killed her son and annexed the Gond kingdom.[7] During the early 1720s, he transformed the village of Bhopal into a fortified city, and claimed the title of Nawab, which was used by the Muslim rulers of princely states in India.[8]
Khan's support to the Sayyid Brothers earned him the enmity of the rival Mughal nobleman Nizam-ul-Mulk. The Nizam invaded Bhopal in March 1724, forcing Khan to cede much of his territory, give away his son as hostage and accept the Nizam's suzerainty.[5] In his final years, Khan sought inspiration from Sufi mystics and saints, veering towards spiritualism. He and the other Pathans who settled in Bhopal during his reign, brought the Pathan and Islamic influence to the culture and architecture of Bhopal.
At its zenith, the Bhopal state comprised a territory of around 7,000 square miles (18,000 km2).[9] The state became a British protectorate in 1818, and was ruled by the descendents of Dost Mohammad Khan till 1949, when it was merged with the Dominion of India.
Early life[edit]
Dost Mohammad Khan was born in the Tirah region on the western frontier of the Mughal Empire (now in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan).[10] His father Nur Mohammad Khan was a Pashtun nobleman belonging to the Mirazikhel clan of the Orakzai tribe.[11] This tribe lives in Tirah and the Peshawar region.
In his mid-20s, Dost Mohammad Khan was engaged to Mehraj Bibi, an attractive girl from a neighboring Orakzai clan. However, Mehraj was later betrothed to his cousin, because Khan's character was seen as too aggressive and rough. An angry Khan killed his cousin, leading to his ostracism from his family.[9]
Attracted by the promise of a bright future in the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's service, Khan set out for Jalalabad, near Delhi, where his Pashtun relatives had settled. He was welcomed by the family of his relative Jalal Khan, the Mughal mansabdar (a military aristocrat) of Jalalabad's suburb Lohari.[12] He arrived in Jalalabad sometime between 1696 and 1703, and spent some time with Jalal Khan's family. During a birthday celebration, a fight broke out between Dost and one of Jalal Khan's sons, over one of the young housemaids. Jalal Khan's son attacked Dost with a bow and arrow, and Dost killed him with a dagger in retaliation.[9]
Following this incident, Dost Mohammad Khan decided to flee to Delhi, the Mughal capital. His horse collapsed and died after six hours of galloping. Khan continued his journey on foot and reached Karnal.[13] While waiting in front of a bakery to steal some food, he was recognized by the old clergyman Mullah Jamali of Kashgar, who had taught him Koran in Tirah. Mullah Jamali had left Pushtunistan, and had founded a madrasa (Muslim school) in Delhi. Khan spent around a year in Delhi under Mullah Jamali's shelter, after which he decided to join the Mughal army. The Mullah helped him financially by giving him a horse and five asharfis (gold coins).[9]
Mughal military service[edit]
In 1703, Dost Mohammad Khan enlisted with Mir Fazlullah, Aurangzeb's Keeper of Arms.[13] Around 1704, he was ordered to quell a rebellion by the governor Tardi Beg, who commanded a sizable force in the Bundelkhand region. Dost led the Mughal regiment of Gwalior in a battle with the Tardi Beg's forces headed by General Kashko Khan. Although injured by the swords of Kashko Khan's guards and a mahawat (elephant rider), Dost managed to kill Kashko Khan in the battle. He delivered Kashko's decapitated head to Mir Fazlullah in Delhi.[9]
In 1705, Mir Fazlullah presented Dost Mohammad Khan's regiment to the emperor Aurangzeb. According to the Khan's rozanmacha (daily diary), Aurangzeb was impressed by him, presented him with two fistful of gold coins, and asked Fazlullah to treat him well and give him an appropriate command.[9] In return, Khan conveyed his loyalty to the Emperor. Following this, Khan rose rapidly through the ranks, and was assigned to the Malwa province in central India. Malwa was politically unstable at the time, and Aurangzeb had been replacing the governors in rapid succession. The Marathas, the Rajput chieftains and Muslim feudal chiefs were agitating for power in and around the region, and the Mughals were facing several revolts.
The death of Emperor Aurangzeb's death on 20 February 1707 reached Khan, when he was at Bhilsa. A war of succession[disambiguation needed] broke out between Aurangzeb's sons, two of whom approached Khan for allegiance. However, Khan refused to side with either of them, saying that he could not raise his sword against any of his sons since he had taken an oath of being loyal to the late Emperor.[9]
Mercenary career[edit]
Following the death of the emperor Aurangzeb, Malwa started witnessing power struggles between the various chieftains in the area due to lack of a central authority. Dost Mohammad Khan became the leader of a band of around 50 Pathan mercenaries, and started providing the local chieftains protection against pillage and strife. These chieftains included the Raja Reshb Das (1695–1748) of Sitamau, Mohammad Farooq (Governor of Bhilsa), Diye Bahadur (the Mughal Deputy Governor of Malwa) and Raja Anand Singh Solanki of Mangalgarh.[14]
Mangalgarh was a small Rajput principality in Malwa, ruled by Raja Anand Singh Solanki. The dowager mother of the Raja had taken a great liking to Dost Mohammad Khan. After the Rajas's death at Delhi, she appointed him the kamdar or mukhtar ("guardian") of Mangalgarh, around 1708.[15] Khan was tasked with protecting the dowager Rani (queen) and her estate. During his service at Mangalgarh, he married Kunwar Sardar Bai, the daughter of Anand Singh,[16] who later converted to Islam and adopted the name Fatah Bibi (also spelled Fateh Bibi). Khan married several other women, but Fatah Bibi remained his favorite wife.[9]
Over the next few years, Khan operated out of Mangalgarh, working for anyone willing to pay for his reputed mercenary services.
Berasia estate[edit]
In 1709, Dost Mohammad Khan decided to build a feudal estate of his own. Berasia, a small mustajiri (rented estate) near Mangalgarh, was under the authority of the Delhi-based Mughal fief-holder Taj Mohammad Khan. It suffered from anarchy and lawlessness due to regular attacks from highwaymen and plunderers. On advice of Mohammed Sala, Sunder Rai and Alam Chand Kanoongo, Dost Mohammad Khan took on the lease of Berasia.[17] The lease involved an annual payment of 30,000 rupees, which he was able to pay with help of his wife Fatah Bibi, who belonged to the Mangalgarh royal family. Khan appointed Maulvi Mohammad Saleh as the qazi (judge), built a mosque and a fort, and installed his loyal Afghan lieutenants in various administrative capacities.[9]
Dost Mohammad Khan also tried to gain some territories in Gujarat, but was unsuccessful.[13] After being defated by a Maratha warlord during an unsuccessful raid in Gujarat, he was imprisoned by his own rebel soldiers. He was freed after his wife Fatah Bibi paid a ransom to his captors.[9]
The rampant power struggles and disloyalty, especially his imprisonment by his own men after the Gujarat raid, had made Khan distrustful of people around him. He, therefore, invited his kinsmen in Tirah to Malwa. Khan's father, Mehraj Bibi (his wife – the girl he was engaged to in Tirah) and his five brothers arrived in Berasia in 1712, with around 50 tribesmen of the Mirazikhel. His father died in 1715, shortly after arriving in Berasia. His five brothers were Sher, Alif, Shah, Mir Ahmad and Aqil; all except Aqil died in subsequent battles. The Pashtuns who had accompanied Khan's immediate family, later came to be known as "Barru-kat Pathans", and their families became highly influential in Bhopal.[10] They were known as the Barru-kat ("reed cutter") Pathans since they initially made their homes with thatched reeds.
Struggles with the local chieftains[edit]
The Rajput neighbors of Mangalgarh, led by the Thakur (chief) of Parason (now a village in Berasia tehsil), formed an alliance to counter the growing power of the Rani of Mangalgarh. The ensuing battle between Mangalgarh and the Thakur went on for days. During the festival of Holi, the Thakur insisted on a truce for celebrations. Dost Mohammad Khan agreed to the ceasefire, but also sent a spy dressed as a beggar to the Thakur's camp. The spy came back with the news that the Rajputs were in a state of drunken revelry. Khan violated the truce and raided the enemy camp at night, defeating the Rajput chieftains decisively.[12] Dost also conquered the other adjoining Rajput territories such as Khichiwara and Umatwara.[18]
In 1715, Khan ran in conflict with another neighboring Rajput chief, Narsingh Rao Chauhan (also known as Narsingh Deora), who owned the fortified village of Jagdishpur near Berasia.[19] Narsingh Deora demanded tribute from the Patel of Barkhera in Dillod, who had earlier given shelter to Dost after he fled away from the Mughal camp.[20] Khan agreed to negotiate a treaty with Narsingh, and the two parties met at Jagdishpur, with 16 men on each side. Khan pitched a tent on the banks of Thal river (also known as Banganga) for the meeting. After a lunch arranged by him for both the parties, he stepped outside on the pretext of ordering ittar (perfume) and paan (betel leaf), which was actually a signal for Khan's hiding men to kill the Rajputs.[12] It is said that the Thal river appeared red with the blood of the victims, and therefore was renamed to "Halali" river (the river of slaughter).[6] After this incident, Khan renamed Jagdishpur to Islamnagar, strengthened the fort and made the place his headquarters.
Khan's cousin Diler Mohammad Khan (or Dalel Khan) had also acquired some territory, establishing the Kurwai State. In 1722, he visited Berasia with a proposal that the two cousins join hands in extending their territory, and their acquisitions of land and property be equally divided. However, Dost Mohammad Khan got his cousin murdered.[13]
Dost Mohammad Khan also fought against Diye Bahadur, a Rajput general and Mughal subedar (governor). Diye Bahadur's forces initially defeated Khan's army, which fled from the battlefield. A badly wounded Khan, who had lost one of his brothers in the battle, was taken prisoner. He was well-treated by the Rajputs, and was presented before Diye Bahadur after recuperating from his wounds. Diye Bahadur offered Khan a position in his own forces, but Khan declined, while expressing gratitude for Bahadur's kindness. When asked what he would do if set free, Khan replied that he will wage another battle against Diye Bahadur. Bahadur, impressed by the Khan's bravery, released him. A few months later, Khan defeated Diye Bahadur with his newly raised force.[9]
Allegiance to the Sayyid Brothers[edit]
The Sayyid Brothers were two nobles, who had become highly influential in the Mughal Court after the emperor Aurangzeb's death. Aurangzeb's son Bahadur Shah I defeated his brothers to capture the throne with the help of Sayyid Brothers and Nizam-ul-Mulk, another influential administrator in the Mughal court. Bahadur Shah I died in 1712 and his successor Jahandar Shah was assassinated on the orders of the Sayyid Brothers.[21] In 1713, Jahandar's nephew Farrukhsiyar was installed as a puppet king by the Brothers, who conspired to send Nizam-ul-Mulk to the Deccan, away from the Mughal Court. Disillusioned with the Mughal court, Nizam-ul-Mulk also intended set up his own independed state, and left for the South as the Governor of Malwa and Deccan.
When the Mughals sent a force from Delhi to curb the rebellion by the Rajput chiefs of Malwa, Dost Mohammad Khan sided with the Rajputs. In the resulting battle, his men fled from the battlefield, leaving him badly wounded and unconscious. In his diary, Khan wrote that he regained consciousness only when jackals began nibbling his limbs. Khan offered the little water remaining in his mushuk (water carrier) to an injured and thirsty Mughal soldier, who was moaning to ward off the jackals. This man later turned out to be Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, the younger of the Sayyid Brothers.[9]
When the Mughal soldiers arrived to rescue Sayyid Hussain Ali, Dost Mohammad Khan was also rescued as a reward for his kindness in offering water to the injured Mughal nobleman. Khan subsequently recuperated under the care of Sayyaid Hussain Ali, who offered to make him the Governor of Allahabad. Khan declared his loyalty to the Sayyid Brothers, but refused the offer, because he did not want to leave Malwa. He was sent back to Mangalgarh with gifts of gold coins, a sword and a band of horses.[9]
Khan's closeness to the Sayyid Brothers later earned him the ire of Nizam-ul-Mulk, who sided with the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah to get the Sayyid Brothers killed during 1722-24.
Expansion of fiefdom[edit]
Shortly after Dost Mohammad Khan's return to Mangalgarh, the dowager Rani (queen) of the principality died heirless. Following the Rani's death, Khan usurped the Mangalgarh territory.[22] Supported by his loyal "Barru-kat" Pathan associates, Khan set to carve out a fiefdom of his own. He waged battles to annex several territories, losing two of his brothers in the fights. Several local chieftains (jagirdars and zamindars) accepted his suzerainty without putting up a fight.
While Khan was away from Mangalgarh, Mohammad Farooq Hakim, the Governor of Bhilsa, had imprisoned his men and confiscated his personal property. When confronted, he said that he believed that Khan had died in the battle with the Mughals. He released the imprisoned men, but returned only half of the Khan's belongings. The resulting hostility eventually led to a battle near Bhilsa. Farooq's army included 40,000 Maratha and Rajput soldiers, while Khan commanded just 5000 Afghans, supported by some Rajput soldiers. In a one-sided battle, Khan lost his brother Sher Mohammed Khan, and his men fled from the battlefield. Dost Mohammad Khan, with some his most loyal men, had to hide in a thicket near the battlefield.[15] As he lay hidden, he saw Farooq riding an elephant in the victory procession. He dressed himself in the uniform of one of Farooq's slain soldiers, hiding his face with a scarf and a helmet. Amid the din of the victory drums, he mounted the howdah (seat) on the elephant, killed Farooq and his guard, and claimed victory.[23]
Khan also seized control of several territories in Ashta, Debipura, Doraha, Gulgaon, Gyaraspur, Ichhawar, Sehore and Shujalpur.[8][24]
Rani Kamlapati[edit]
In the 1710s, the area around the upper lake of Bhopal was mainly populated by the Bhil and the Gond tribals. Nizam Shah, the strongest of the local Gond warlords, ruled his territory from the Ginnor fort (Ginnorgarh in the present-day Sehore district). Ginnor was considered an impregnable fort, located at the summit of a steep 2000-foot high rock, and surrounded by thick forest. Rani Kamlapati (or Kamlavati), the daughter of Chaudhari Kirpa-Ramchandar, was one of the seven wives of Nizam Shah. She was famous for her beauty and talents: the local legends describe her as more beautiful than a pari (fairy).[9]
Nizam Shah was poisioned to death by his nephew Alam Shah (also known as Chain Shah), the Raja of Chainpur-Bari, who wanted to marry Kamplapati.[7] Kamlapati offered Dost Mohammad Khan a hundred thousand rupees to protect her honor and her kingdom, and to avenge her husband's death. Khan accepted the offer, and Kamlapati tied a rakhi on his wrist (traditionally tied by a sister on her brother's hand). Khan led a joint army of Afghan and Gond soldiers to defeat and kill Alam Shah. The slain king's territory was annexed to Kamlapati's kingdom. The Rani did not have one hundred thousand rupees, so she paid him half the sum and gave the village of Bhopal in lieu of the remainder. Khan was also appointed the manager of Kamlapati's state, and virtually became a ruler of the small Gond kingdom.[20] Khan remained loyal to the Rani and her son Nawal Shah till her death. Historians have debated the reason for Khan's loyalty: some say he was enchanted with Kamlapati's charm and beauty; others think that he believed in keeping his word to women (he had been loyal to the Rani of Mangalgarh till her death as well).[9] In Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan, James Tod mentions a folk story that describes how the "Queen of Ganore" killed Khan with a poison dress, when he asked her to marry her.[25][26]
In 1723, Rani Kamlapati committed suicide near her palace (present-day Kamla Park in Bhopal). Dost initially feigned allegiance to the Rani's son Nawal Shah, who controlled the Ginnor fort, and was invited to live in the fort. Khan disguised 100 of his soldiers as women, and sent them to Ginnor in dolis that were supposed to contain his wife and family. The unsuspecting guards of Nawal Shah let the dolis inside the fort without examination. At night, Khan's soldiers killed Nawal Shah and his guards.[16] Khan then took the control of Ginnor fort and other territories of Kamlapati's kingdom.
Development of Bhopal[edit]
Dost Mohammad Khan ruled his state from his capital at Islamnagar. At the time of Kamlapati's death, Bhopal was a village of about 1000 people, to the south of Islamnagar. One day, during a shikar (hunting) trip, Dost Mohammad Khan and his wife Fatah Bibi decided to rest in the Bhopal village. Dost fell asleep, and dreamt that an old saint had asked him to build a fort.[9] He told his wife about the dream, who asked him to construct a fort at the spot. This resulted in construction of Fatehgarh fort, named after Fatah Bibi. The foundation of the fort was laid on 30 August 1723.[14] The first stone was laid by Qazi Mohammad Moazzam of Raisen, who later became the qazi (Islamic judge) of Bhopal.[6] The fort was eventually expanded to encircle the village of Bhopal. It never fell to an enemy, and as late as 1880, the city was mainly confined to this fort.
The first mosque of Bhopal, the Dhai Seedi Ki Masjid, was also built during this time, so that the fort guards could perform namaaz (prayers). A handwritten copy of the Muslim holy book Koran with a Persian language translation was also kept at the fort – the book had pages of size 5x2.5 feet (this copy was later given to the Al-Azhar University by Khan's descendant Nawab Hamidullah).[9] Dost Mohammad Khan and his family gradually started using Bhopal as their main bastion, though Islamnagar still remained the official capital of his state.
During 1720-1726, Dost started surrounding the city with a protective wall. Thus, Bhopal was transformed from a village to a fortified town with six gates:[7]
- Ginnori (the gate leading to Ginnorgarh)
- Budhwara (Wednesday gate)
- Itwara (Sunday gate)
- Jumerati (Thursday gate)
- Peer (Monday gate)
- Imami (used for Tazia possession on the day of Muharram)
Bijay Ram (or Bijjeh Ram), the Rajput chieftain of Shujalpur, was made the dewan (chief minister) of the Dost's state. Being a Hindu, he helped Dost win over the local population.[13]
Conflict with the Asaf Jah I[edit]
By the early 1720s, Dost Mohammad Khan had transferred himself from a mercenary to the ruler of a small state. After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, the Malwa territory was claimed by the Marathas and some kings of Rajputana, in addition to the Mughals. All these powers made such claims mainly through proxies (such as the local chieftains), although they did engage in occasional punitive raids when the local chiefs refused to pay the tribute demanded by them. Dost Mohammad Khan acknowledged Mughal authority by sending expensive gifts (such as an elephant) and flattering letters to the Mughal Emperor, who was controlled by the Sayyid Brothers. Emperor Farrukhsiyar conferred on him the title Nawab Diler Jung, probably on the recommendation of the Sayyid Brothers.[9] Dost also prevented the Maratha invasions by regularly paying them chauth (tribute).[27]
In 1719, the Sayyid Brothers murdered Emperor Farrukhsiyar, who had been plotting against them. Subsequently, they placed Rafi Ul-Darjat and Rafi ud-Daulah as the emperors, both of whom died of sickness in 1719.[28] Muhammad Shah then ascended the Mughal throne with the help of the Sayyid Brothers, who acted as his regents till 1722. The hostility between Sayyid Brothers and the rival nobleman Nizam-ul-Mulk had been growing in the recent years. Dost Mohammad Khan was well-aware of the power of Nizam-ul-Mulk, who was the Subahdar (Governor) of Malwa; he had seen his strong force passing through Bhopal on its way to Deccan in the south. However, he allied himself with the Mughal Court controlled by the Sayyid Brothers, with whom he had developed a close friendship.[9]
In 1720, the Sayyid Brothers dispatched a Mughal force led by Dilawar Ali Khan against Nizam in Malwa. When Dost Mohammad Khan was asked to support this force, he sent a contingent commanded by his brother Mir Ahmad Khan to fight on the Mughal side. The Mughal force ambushed the Nizam at Burhanpur near Khandwa on 19 June 1720, but was decisively defeated by the Nizam, who was supported by the Marathas. Dilawar Khan, Mir Ahmad and other generals sent by the Sayyid Brothers were killed in the battle, and Dost Mohammad Khan's forces retreated to Malwa, pursued and plundered by the Nizam's Maratha auxiliaries.[29] Thus, Dost earned the wrath of both the Nizam and the Maratha Peshwa for opposing them.
Subsequently, Nizam-ul-Mulk helped the emperor Muhammad Shah in getting the Sayyid Brothers killed.[30] After having established control over Deccan, he decided to get even with Dost Mohammad Khan for supporting the Sayyid Brothers.[18] On 23 March 1723, he despatched a force to Bhopal, where Khan put up some fight from his fort.[31] After a brief siege, Khan agreed to a truce the next day. He arranged an expensive welcome banquet for the Nizam, presented him with an elephant and stationed his forces on a hillock renamed to Nizam tekri (Nizam's hillock) in the Nizam's honor. He agreed to cede part of his territory, including the Islamnagar fort. He also paid a tribute of ten lakh (one million) rupees with a promise to pay a second installment later. He was also forced to send his 14-year-old son and heir Yar Mohammad Khan to Nizam's capital Hyderabad, as a hostage.[13]
The Nizam assumed control over Bhopal, and appointed Dost Mohammad Khan as a kiledar (fort commander). In return for a fort, the payment of Rs. 50,000 and the pledge of 2000 troops, the Nizam granted a sanad (decree) to Khan recognizing the latter's right to collect the revenues from the territory.[32]
Death and legacy[edit]
In his final years, which saw his humiliation at the hands of the Nizam, Khan's aggression had mellowed down considerably. He sought inspiration from Sufi mystics and saints, and veered towards spiritualism. He admonished his brother Aqil for desecreating a Buddhist statue in Sanchi. He encouraged several scholars, hakeems (doctors) and artists to settle in Bhopal. Several Pashtuns, including those of Yusufzai, Rohilla and Feroze clans, settled in Bhopal during his reign due to relatively peaceful environment of the area.[13]
Dost Mohammad Khan died of an illness in March 1728. It is said that he had 30 wounds on his body from the various fights and battles he had participated in.[5] He was buried in the Fatehgarh Fort beside his wife Fatah Bibi.
Dost Mohammad Khan was survived by 5 daughters and 6 sons (Yar, Sultan, Sadar, Fazil, Wasil and Khan Bahadur). He married several times, but only few of his wives have been chronicled. Four of his children were from his first wife Mehraj Bibi. Kunwar Sardar Bai (later Fatah Bibi), his favorite wife of Rajput descent, was childless, but had an adopted son called Ibrahmin Khan. Khan had three children from Jai Kunwar (later Taj Bibi), who had been presented to him by the zamindar (landowning chieftain) of Kaliakheri.[9]
The court of Bhopal appointed Khan's younger son, Sultan Mohammad, as his successor. Sultan Mohammad Khan was 7 or 8-year-old at the time. The Nizam overruled the appointment, and sent the Dost's hostage teenage son Yar Mohammad Khan to Bhopal with a thousand horsemen.[5] Yar Mohammad Khan was the eldest son of Dost, but he was not his first wife Mehraj Bibi's son; he could have been born of a consort soon after Dost came to Malwa. The court of Bhopal refused to grant him the title of Nawab on the grounds that he was an illegitimate son.[17] Yar Mohammad was, however, allowed to execute the royal functions as the regent.
The Bhopal State later became a protectorate of the British India, and was ruled by the descendents of Dost Mohammad Khan till 1949, when it was merged into the newly independent Union of India.
- ^ John Falconer, James Waterhouse (2009). The Waterhouse albums: central Indian provinces. Mapin. ISBN 978-81-89995-30-0.
- ^ Fodor's India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, 1984. Fodor's. 1984. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-679-01013-5.
- ^ "Bhopal". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ Waltraud Ernst, Biswamoy Pati, ed. (2007). India's princely states: people, princes and colonialism. Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia (Volume 45) (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-415-41541-5.
- ^ a b c d e William Hough (1845). A brief history of the Bhopal principality in Central India. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. pp. 1–4. OCLC 16902742.
- ^ a b c Kamla Mittal (1990). History of Bhopal State. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 2. OCLC 551527788.
- ^ a b c Jogendra Prasad Singh, Anita Dharmajog (1998). City planning in India: a study of land use of Bhopal. Mittal Publications. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-7099-705-4.
- ^ a b Somerset Playne, R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, Arnold Wright (1922). Arnold Wright, ed. Indian states: a biographical, historical, and administrative survey (illustrated, reprint ed.). Asian Educational Services. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Shaharyar M. Khan (2000). The Begums of Bhopal (illustrated ed.). I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–29. ISBN 978-1-86064-528-0.
- ^ a b Abida Sultaan (2004). Memoirs of a rebel princess (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. xli-11. ISBN 978-0-19-579958-3.
- ^ "Mirazi" is probably a of "Mir Aziz". (Shaharyar M. Khan, 2000)
- ^ a b c Shah Jahan Begam (1876). The táj-ul ikbál tárikh Bhopal, or, The history of Bhopal. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink. OCLC 28302607.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ashfaq Ali (1981). Bhopal, past and present (2 ed.). Jai Bharat. OCLC 7946861.
- ^ a b Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Raisen. Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers (Volume 27). Government Central Press. 1979. p. 54. OCLC 58636955.
- ^ a b "Journal of Indian history" 39. Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Allahabad. 1961. pp. 16–19.
- ^ a b Sikandar Begam (Nawab of Bhopal) and C. B. Willoughby-Osborne (1870). A pilgrimage to Mecca. Translated by Mrs. E. L. Willoughby-Osborne. W. H. Allen. pp. 167–168. OCLC 656648636.
- ^ a b S.R. Bakshi and O.P. Ralhan (2007). Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. pp. 380–383. ISBN 978-81-7625-806-7.
- ^ a b Rajendra Verma (1984). The freedom struggle in the Bhopal State. Intellectual. OCLC 562460775.
- ^ R. K. Sharma, Rahman Ali (1980). Archaeology of Bhopal region. Indian history and culture series (Volume 1). Agam Kala Prakashan. OCLC 7173802.
- ^ a b Ajai Pal Singh (1987). Forts and fortifications in India. Agam Kala Prakashan. p. 94. OCLC 16758153.
- ^ Salma Ahmed Farooqui. A Comprehensive History of Medieval India. Pearson Education India. p. 308. ISBN 978-81-317-3202-1.
- ^ Shyam Singh Shashi (1996). Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Volume 100. Anmol. p. 158. ISBN 978-81-7041-859-7.
- ^ Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Vidisha. Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers (Volume 42). Government Central Press. 1979. OCLC 42872666.
- ^ Prem Chand Malhotra (1964). Socio-economic survey of Bhopal City and Bairagarh. Asia Publishing House. p. 2. OCLC 1318920.
- ^ James Tod (2001) [1829]. Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (Volume 1) (2 ed.). Asian Educational Services. pp. 536–538. ISBN 978-81-206-1289-1.
- ^ Gillian Bennett (2009). Bodies: Sex, Violence, Disease, and Death in Contemporary Legend. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-1-60473-245-0.
- ^ Zahiruddin Malik (1977). The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748. Asia Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-210-40598-7.
- ^ John F. Richards (1996). The Mughal Empire. New Cambridge history of India (Volume 5) (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2.
- ^ Raghubir Sinh (1993). Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698-1765. Asian Educational Services. p. 140. ISBN 978-81-206-0750-7.
- ^ Pran Nath Chopra (2003). A comprehensive history of modern India, Volume 3. Sterling. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-207-2506-5.
- ^ William Irvine (1922). Later Mughals. Vol. 2, 1719-1739. OCLC 452940071.
- ^ Barbara N. Ramusack (2004). The Indian princes and their states, Volume 3. New Cambridge history of India (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-521-26727-4.


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Jacksonville Dog Learns to Surf
Published August 23rd, 2013
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JACKSONVILLE--A golden retriever in Jacksonville is turning heads with its surf boarding skills.
Scout the dog is surfing up a reputation one wave at a time.
The pooch started floating on a raft in the family's pool. Now a year later, she rides the waves like a pro, jumping off the board and running head first into the next big session.
Scout's family says dog surfing is a great way to close out the summer.
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- 6th Annual Dog Wash for Charity


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Evan M. Wiener co-wrote the film Monogamy (released nationally by Oscilloscope Pictures in Spring 2011), for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. He has three other screenplays currently in development: Savage Innocent (with director Larry Clark); The Womb (with Dana Adam Shapiro for director Gregg Araki); and Big Sky (for Big LEO Productions). He has also written for Sony Pictures, First Look Films, and Lee Daniels Entertainment, among others. He is a graduate of Columbia University, where he received the Seymour Brick Memorial Prize for Drama.


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USA WEEKEND editor Jim Lenahan visited The Culinary Institute of America for a grilling "boot camp." Here is his report:
I have food issues. There, I said it.
Wait, it's not what you think. Nutritionally, I'm fine. I care about what I eat. Borderline fanatical about it, actually. My issue concerns the preparation of food and my inability to do much more than push buttons on a microwave. Which leads to this public admission:
I'm a burner.
When I try to cook food on a stove or on a grill, I struggle with time and temperature. Food tends to come out undercooked inside and too "crisp" on the outside. My fear of serving raw meat only exacerbates matters – getting it fully cooked inside usually leaves the outside even more burned.
In planning this issue of USA WEEKEND with The Culinary Institute of America, I jumped at the opportunity to visit the school's campus in Hyde Park, N.Y. Making a decent cook out of me? This was a job for some of the world's top chefs.
The chefs tasked with this challenge were Howie Velie, a CIA associate dean, and Liz Briggs, a 28-year veteran instructor at the school. Velie led a group "boot camp" of amateurs such as myself ("food enthusiasts," they called us) on a recent Friday. Briggs served as my cooking partner. Her enthusiasm and encouragement – a steady flurry of demonstrations punctuated with "That's cool, right?" – got me through four hours of exhausting chopping and other prep work.
And there's the first big takeaway from working with a pro: Prep work is most of the work. What "food enthusiasts" tend to think of as cooking, the actual application of heat to food, we didn't get to until the last 30 minutes or so in a four-hour-plus session. Velie advised to read the recipes in full, then gather and prepare all the ingredients before starting to assemble the dishes. What's that? I usually go straight to the first line of a recipe's instructions, get what I need for that step and start cooking, then scramble to gather what I need as I go.
"Everyone does that," Velie said as nicely as possible, although his definition of "everyone" would not include trained chefs. The key code words, in the language of chefs, is mise en place, a French phrase that means to have everything in its place. Being organized is key; makes sense but few people do that because prep work feels like just that — work. If you're organized, you can actually pay attention to the steps in cooking and avoid problems, like letting a piece of meat burn while chopping a vegetable.
By the end, I had made grilled lamb kabobs, picked grapes, grilled vegetables, grilled pineapple and grilled bananas. When I screwed up, such as putting too much pepper on the pineapple slices, Briggs kindly said, "Chefs don't make mistakes; they invent new dishes."
Oh, and that problem with burning everything? Just cook over lower heat and use a food thermometer to ensure it isn't undercooked inside. I know that now; I'm CIA-trained.
CLICK HERE to win your own trip for two to culinary boot camp at The Culinary Institute of America! Must enter by May 18.


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Guide to the North American Ethnographic Collection at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Lucy Fowler Williams
112 pages | 6 x 9 | 120 color illus., 1 map
Cloth 2003 | ISBN 978-1-931707-32-9 | $29.95s | £19.50 | Add to cart
Paper 2003 | ISBN 978-1-931707-33-6 | $14.95s | £10.00 | Add to cart
Distributed for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Totaling approximately 40,000 objects, the University Museum's ethnographic holdings represent native peoples from ten North American culture areas—the Arctic, Subarctic, Northwest Coast, California, Plateau, Great Basin, Southwest, Great Plains, Northeast, and the Southeast.
This guide highlights the strength of the collections and demonstrates how objects are tied to history and people living within different cultural and social contexts. It also underscores that objects have different multiple meanings. Some objects illustrate intertribal relations; others best reflect collecting attitudes at the turn of the century when much of the Museum's collections was acquired.
Visitors and off-site readers will learn about such related archival resources as documentation and photographs, past and present Museum exhibitions, current research, repatriation, and contemporary collections development.
Lucy Fowler Williams is Keeper of the American Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
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Major Airports near Verona
Distance (mi.) | |
Venice Marco Polo Airport | 65.1map |
Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport | 65.1map |
Milan Linate Airport | 83.3map |
Other Smaller Airports near Verona
Distance (mi.) | |
Venice Treviso Airport | 54.9map |
Milan Parma Airport | 55.5map |
Milan Orio Al Serio Airport | 64.7map |
Map of Airports in Verona
- Verona, Italy Hotel Prices Made Easy
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Sorry! I'm not in the business of designing animated GIFs, so you won't be finding anything here that you can download for your own pages. What you will find here are my takes and reviews of the various anime series and movies I've seen. I'll try to upload some graphics to each review, but these won't be mine! I'll be surfing through other sites and asking permission to use those graphics--sometimes I'm too conscientious and goody-goody for my own good--before they appear on my pages. If you have any of your own artwork that you're willing to loan me, please let me know. As long as it's tastefully done and reasonably faithful to the character, I'd be willing to post it.
Note: Japanese animation is very different from American animation. For one thing, the Japanese aren't afraid to address subjects that Americans fear even contemplating, such as sex and homosexuality. Japanese anime also doesn't hesitate to depict such scenes, although they don't exactly show everything.
Again, if you have any artwork--your own artwork--that you're willing to let me use, then please contact me.
Posted | Title | Synopsis |
12/16/1998 | Poltergeist Report--Yu Yu Hakusho | 90-minute movie feature based on the popular manga and anime series. |
03/01/1999 | The Special Duty Combat Unit Shinesman | 60-minute anime feature involving corporate executives, alien invasions, and special armor. |
04/16/1999 | Fire Emblem | 60-minute anime feature involving swords, axes, winged-horses, and sorcery. |
05/16/1999 | Curse of the Undead: Yoma | 90-minute anime feature filled with evil monsters and ninjas. |
06/01/1999 | Fake | 60-minute anime feature involving two male New York detectives who get more than they expected during a private joint vacation to the English countryside. Warning: if you find yaoi subject matter offensive or objectionable, do not open this link. |
07/16/1999 | Dark Cat | 60-minute anime feature with two shape-changing cats fighting the forces of evil consuming a high school's students. |
08/16/1999 | Marriage | 60-minute anime feature about--you guessed it--marriage! |
09/16/1999 | Ogre Slayer | 60-minute two-episode anime feature about an ogre who kills...ogres! |
10/01/1999 | Ogre Slayer 2: Grim Fairy Tales | 60-minute two-episode anime feature about more of the Ogre Slayer's adventures. |
12/01/1999 | Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie | 30-minute anime OVA about Yusuke and his adventures with demons. |
12/16/1999: | Ninja Cadets | 60-minute two-episode anime feature about ninjas in training in feudal Japan. |
01/01/2000 | Ninja Scroll | 82-minute movie feature about two solitary ninjas alone against the Eight Devils of Kimon. |
01/01/2000 | Suikoden Demon Century | 45-minute anime feature about reincarnated warriors reuniting in post-earthquake Tokyo to battle crime and corruption. |
01/16/2000 | Sonic Soldier Borgman: The Last Battle | 45-minute anime about cyborgs seeking normal lives forced into battle once more. |
01/16/2000 | Sonic Soldier Borgman: Lover's Rain | 45-minute anime about a cyborg warrior haunted by deeds he was forced to do to save the world. |
02/01/2000 | Kizuna | 30-minute anime about two young men and the hardships they've endured to be together. |
02/01/2000 | Kizuna 2 | 30-minute anime about a young man unable to be with the one he loves. |
02/16/2000 | Sakura Wars | 60-minute two-episode anime about demons attacking Japan and the young women dedicated to stopping them. |
02/16/2000 | Sakura Wars 2 | 60-minute two-episode anime about the elite force of spiritually-endowed individuals standing against the forces of evil. |
04/01/2000 | Crimson Wolf | 60-minute anime about the three reincarnated souls destined to save the world from a third World War. |
04/01/2000 | Pokemon: The First Movie | 96-minute movie about the world's most powerful Pokemon and its search for the meaning of life. |
04/16/2000 | Demon City Shinjuku | 82-minute anime feature about the struggle of a young man against the forces of evil. |
05/01/2000 | Tattoon Master | 60-minute two-part anime feature about what happens when a woman-hater gets married to the buxom high priestess of a mysterious and mystical tribe. |
10/01/2000 | Sailor Moon R--The Movie | 60-minute anime feature about the pretty soldier in a sailor suit and a energy-draining flower with its roots set on draining the earth. |
11/16/2000 | Pokemon the Movie 2000 | Full-length animate movie about the three Legendary Birds and the fourth who rules them all. |
01/01/2001 | Haunted Junction | Anime series about the Holy Student Council at one of the strangest schools of all. |
01/16/2001 | X | 100-minute anime movie about the boy who holds the fate of the world in his hands. |
04/16/2001 | Princess Mononoke | Feature-length anime movie about a young man, a wolf-girl, and the forest they're trying to protect. |
08/01/2002 | 8 Man After: Perfect Collection | Feature-length anime movie about a city under siege by cyber-junkies. |
02/16/2003 | Blue Gender | Anime series about the earth overrun by giant, human eating monsters. |
Don't forget to visit the Astral Animations Galleries. I have three whole galleries filled with digital camera images taken by yours truly to encourage your interest. I have galleries for:
Now you can order anime through my site through Amazon.com. Just follow the links at each review or gallery, or go to the Stellar Video Store to order!
Also, please check out Celestial Contemplations and read the two essays I've done that relate to anime.
Now understand everything about what you're seeing with The Anime Companion. You can even buy it right from here!
Please visit my new section, Starfire Fanfics, anime fanfiction by me!
Comments? Suggestions? E-mail me with your words of wisdom. I'd really like to know which anime series other people find popular so I can see them, too!


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General Question
What are some good apps (and games) for a Samsung Galaxy 10-inch Android Tablet?
Asked by glenjamin (2482
December 28th, 2012
I'm mostly interested in either games or apps that involve reading, but I want apps that are also free and graphically pleasing. I feel like I don't know what to do with my tablet, I've got the basic stuff (sudoku, angry birds, google reader), I just want to take full advantage of the tablet and feel I am missing something. Please let me have your suggestions!
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Springfield Boys' Basketball Final Stats
Springfield returns to action Friday when they play host to the winner of the Columbiana/Waterloo match up tonight.
Sponsored by:
Springfield returns to action Friday when they play host to the winner of the Columbiana/Waterloo match up tonight.
The Blue Devils will travel to Lordstown tonight for their Division IV Sectional Semifinal match up.
The Raiders feature seven players who are averaging over 5 points per game this season.
Senior Jodan Smith led the Greyhounds in both scoring and rebounding this season.
The Big Reds are set to play Mercyhurst Prep tonight at Sharon High School in the District 10 Semifinal.
Struthers used a big second half and 19 points from Ashleigh Ryan to take down top seeded Lakeview 53-39 Monday in a Division II District Se…
Canfield rallied past Green, 41-38 in overtime Monday night in the Division I District Semifinals at Walsh University.
Youngstown State junior forward Heidi Schlegel has been named the Horizon League Women's Basketball Player of the Week for the period ending…
For the second time this season and the fifth time in his career, senior guard Kendrick Perry has been named the Horizon League Men's Basket…
Brandon Keller led the Bulldogs with a 10.1 scoring average during the regular season.
The Ursuline Irish rode the momentum of the long range shooting of Megan Ross off the bench to cruise past the United Eagles 52-31 in Divisi…
Kennedy Catholic will play Erie First Christian tomorrow night at Sharon High School (7 PM) in the District 10 Class A Semifinal round.
Niles finished the regular season with a 9-13 mark while making 67% of their free throw shots.
Devin Rice led the Clippers' offensive attack this regular season by averaging a team-leading 12.7 points per contest.
Bristol's Brandon Lee and Johnny Simcox lead the Panthers into a highly anticipated contest with Mathews tomorrow.
The Golden Eagles' Caleb Conser is set to play in his 70th career game tomorrow night at Lisbon.
Fitch is set to take on the winner of Hudson and Green next Saturday in the Copley District.
Poland and Canfield may be on a collision course for a third meeting in the Warren District.
LaBrae and Ursuline will begin tournament play next week in the Howland District.
Campbell and Springfield are the two top teams in the field.


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Cheer Dress
(408 items)
Product ID: 484288
Main Content
Your little fan can feel like she's part of the sideline action when she cheers on the Utes in style with this adorable cheerleader dress. It features an embroidered appliqué team logo on the front and matching team color bloomers!
- 100% Polyester fabric
- Embroidered applique logo patch
- Imported
- Lightweight tank dress
- Lightweight tight weave mesh bloomers
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Pleated skirt
- Team color stripes
- Tight weave mesh body
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Marco Island steps up parking enforcement
MARCO ISLAND, Fla. - Parking problems in the vicinity of popular beaches on Marco Island has spurred action by the city council and police.
Seven streets (and swale areas) or portions thereof have been declared no parking areas: S. Collier Blvd., Maple Ave, Seagrape and Swan Drives, as well as Huron and Panama Courts. No parking zones have been created within 500 feet of the beach access points next to Marriott Crystal Shores and Madeira, which mirrored the existing no parking zones adjacent to Resident's beach, South Beach and Tigertail beach entrances.
Additionally, the parking fine for all offenses which has been $30.00 since 1998 has been raised by City Council to $95.00. (Excluding Handicapped Zone violations which remain $250.00) Finally, the amended ordnance provides authority for the impoundment of vehicles whose owners have unpaid parking tickets.
Traffic message boards have been deployed to the area to provide a significant and notable point of public information.
For the past month, the Marco Island Police Department conducted an educational operation in the new no parking zones in an effort to inform and educate the public. The Police Department will now begin aggressively enforcing the new parking zone and affiliated regulations.
- Latest


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Leading Warmists: All Weather Events Can Be Blamed On Man-Induced Climate Change
Here we go, two of the leading climate astrologers in the world, Joe Romm and Kevin Trenberth opine
(Climate Progress) An epic blizzard is bearing down on New England – fed in part by relatively warm coastal waters.
I asked Dr. Kevin Trenberth, former head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, to comment on the role climate change has on this storm. He explained:
He explained that it's the fault of you, dear reader, for failing to sell your fossil fueled vehicle and purchase a bicycle.
Like a baseball player on steroids, our climate system is breaking records at an unnatural pace. And like a baseball player on steroids, it's the wrong question to ask whether a given home run is "caused" by steroids. As Trenberth wrote in his must-read analaysis, "How To Relate Climate Extremes to Climate Change," the "answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be."
So hot, cold, wet, dry, windy, not windy, snowy, not snowy, icy, sleet, hurricanes, no hurricanes, you name it, Mankind is responsible. Interestingly, Joe Romm goes on to whine about lots of precipitation events, but then Warmists like Joe also blame drought on "climate change." So, everything.
And let's not forget this fun email from Trenberth (this one is pretty stomach churning, too)
The fact is that we can't account for the lack of warming at the moment and it is a travesty that we can't.
Oh, and then there is this quote by Trenberth, which shows that AGW pushers shouldn't have to prove their "science"
Given that global warming is "unequivocal", to quote the 2007 IPCC report, the null hypothesis should now be reversed, thereby placing the burden of proof on showing that there is no human influence [on the climate].
And Warmists like Romm and Trenberth have worked hard to build a cult whereby nothing can disprove their beliefs.
Crossed at Pirate's Cove. Follow me on Twitter @WilliamTeach.
Also see...
Making a man believe that his child doesn't exist for decades is an unusually cruel thing to do. But for Tony Trapani, a secret letter he found after his wife...
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Coldly beautiful and mesmerizing, these fantastic photos of waves off Nantucket are full of ice, making them slushie as they
Global Warming Cooling Is Here! Protect The Children!
Oh nooooos! Now, we'll have even more polar bears and they'll eat all the baby seals and that will be
Report: No Statistical Global Warming In 17 Years
As the new Marcott paper is still being hyped by the media, but being destroyed by actual scientists digging into


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There are two 'transitional' stages in the 99th Tour, days that serve to get the peloton from one mountain range to another – the Alps to the Pyrenees. The first of them, stage 12, began with two tough climbs and was perfectly suited to the opportunists – men willing to race hard to establish and early advantage over the peloton and then hold onto it until they get to contest the stage win. But the race from Saint-Paul-Trois Chateaux to Le Cap d'Agde on the third Saturday of the 2012 race is essentially flat. It urges the sprinters into action and, judging on the hard-fought battle between Peter Sagan and Matt Goss as they led the peloton home in stage 12, we can expect to see Liquigas-Cannondale and Orica-GreenEdge work hard to ensure these riders have a chance to earn more points in the race for the green jersey.
But yes, it's also Bastille Day and French pride is at stake. To say, however, that this is going to inspire the local riders more than other stages is a little absurd as every rider wants to be a winner of a Tour stage, no matter what the date is.
It's different to the flat days of the opening week as the numbers in the peloton have dwindled, there is fatigue to consider, and there are still plenty of teams without a win. The profile begs for a sprint but it's also an opportunity some won't be able to resist chasing.
When sprinters battle opportunists...
Sporting stakes14.07.2012Stage 12- Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne / Annonay Davézieux
Key moments
Jersey wearers after the stage 9
- yellow jerseyWIGGINS B.SKY
- polka-dot jerseyKESSIAKOFF F.AST
- white jerseyVAN GARDEREN T.BMC
- the day's winnerWIGGINS B.SKY
- teamRADIOSHACK-.RNT
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Rating: | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 |
Clean Restrooms: | ||||
Clean Showers: |
We used this park as a base to go to Disney World and Universal studios. It is an older park with most guests being permanent, but all were very friendly. The spaces are very tight but the owner did an excellent job of guiding us in. The bathhouse only has one shower in each of the men's and women's, so timing is everything. - Oldbillm
This park has fairly close sites. However, all are pull-through. The roads are all paved. It may be tight for some 40ft and larger rigs (ours is a 38ft class A). The staff is friendly and the grounds are well maintained. There are a number of older rigs with most residents appearing to be seasonal. There are some clubhouse activities and a pool. We did not need the facilities and used the park for a Disney World visit (12 miles away). The park was also quiet with no road noise or partying. We would stay here again. - rjohnso3a
This is a clean park, but it's extremely tight with pretty good power and water pressure. 95% of residents are long timers. Interior roads need attention. If your rig is over 40 ft. including tow, consider a different park. There are NO designated places saved for overnighters. - J59T
Kissimmee, Florida (map) | (407) 348-2040
Sites: 300 | Latest Rate: $15.00 |
Rating: | 9 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
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The rate I am quoting is the monthly rate of $425, electric not included. I am enjoying my stay at this park. It is an older park that is under new management this last year, and they are fixing up the park and making it a lot nicer. If you are making a reservation, call after 2 PM. Nice size lots, old but well up-kept facilities, free cable, mail box available through local post office (on site boxes). The only drawback is it is two miles from Orlando International, and Boggy Creek air boat rides are here. So a little noisy, but still the best campground in the area. LOTS of bird life, and a very nice staff. My tire actually fell off (broke lug nuts), and the staff helped me get it fixed well enough to get it in to my spot. I can see how folks could come here and never leave. - Dave from Florida
Rate reflects monthly stay. Electric is extra charge. This is an old Florida fish camp RV Park with lots of big oaks and larger than normal lots. It's low cost for the area. Downside is noisy air boat concession on the property and it's in the flight path for Orlando airport. Management not so great but workers are nice and very helpful. - User3435
Although this is a beautiful park and the snowbirds we met here were wonderful, we will NEVER go back. We stayed 2 weeks so we met a lot of people. Right from the start, the people in the office were surly and acted as if they didn't care if we were here or not. The park is poorly lit (many, too many, lights are burned out). It is dangerous to walk after dark as much of the asphalt is broken. It was dark by the time we were done in the office. They handed us a map and told us to go find our site, no offer to show us to it. This park is laid out like a maze, so just finding it was difficult, but parking a 40 foot rig alone appeared impossible. We asked if we could just sit overnight in their large parking lot and they said, "Sure, that will cost you $10.00". Mind you, we had already paid our entire fee for the stay up front and this was additional. That was not going to happen! We went ahead and drove in and with the aid of the folks (snowbirds) already there, got parked. The shower houses and bathrooms are filthy and the paint is peeling. The pool is NOT heated and padlocked so you couldn't even go sunbathe beside it. The dumpster is usually overflowing and smells horribly. One couple whom we made friends with, had to leave while we were here to attend her father's funeral. When they got back, their rent was 2 days late. When they explained this to the manager and apologized, he said, "My wife is in the hospital, but I still have to pay my bills. That will be a $50.00 late fee, it is good business." Even my mortgage company gives me a 10 day grace period. We also found out that many people who come every year and had sent a deposit for their lot, arrived to find it occupied and had to wait while other people moved.Most told us they only come back to see each other and also hate the management. They also said that for the last couple of years, most everyone who used to work here has been fired and now most everyone is related. Hmmmmm. The service at the restaurant was ridiculously slow and the food wasn't that good and was a little pricey for what it was, although there was a lot of it. They have a petting zoo, but charge $5.00 per person to go in, therefore a family with 2 small children would have to pay $20.00 to pet a couple of goats, ponies and pigs. Come on!!! Another couple told us about the 24 cabins in the park. Apparently with tax they cost just under a $100.00 per night. They are pretty basic, with a microwave and a small fridge. They offer NO DISCOUNTS. No senior discounts, no AARP, no nothing. Apparently this couple had two elderly relatives coming down to visit a sister. He was going to rent two cabins for them for two nights, he thought it would be convenient to have them close and they could eat a couple of times at the restaurant. When he found he couldn't get any kind of a discount he took them to the Travelodge, which is only 4 miles away for $52.95 per night including a hot breakfast. I didn't blame him. Well, I have gone on long enough, just be aware that this could be a wonderful place to stay, but it is not and it is all because management apparently just doesn't give a hoot about guests. They could learn a little, something from Disney, huh? - minnsnowbird
Rating: | 1 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 3 |
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Fair warning: if you want your RV to be infested with ants, including fire ants, this is the place. We paid up front for a week but could not stay the entire time because this place is infested with ants. The owners do not take proper care to keep this problem under control. We had to spend $50 in pesticides to get rid of the 3 species of ants that overran our RV and it took an extra couple of days AFTER we left to finish killing off the ants that invaded our home because of this park. Place looked ok on the surface when we arrived. Further looks showed that the bathrooms floors were not cleaned the entire time we were here. There is no AC in the bathrooms, which has two tiny windows that were no adequate to cool the area. There are bugs in the bathrooms. The laundry room doors are left open 24 hours a day with no AC, so it's hot, muggy and full of flying, biting bugs. Laundry room, bathrooms and the "Fellowship Hall" all part of the same building but only the "Fellowship" area had air conditioning. We were not invited to use this area at all. I was lied to by the staff. When we complained about the ant problem, I was told by a staff member that, "Everyone in the park has this problem every time it rains." When we left the park early, I was told by the owner that no-one else had this problem and the owner suggested that perhaps we brought the ants with us? (Not the case and I was offended at the suggestion and by the owner's uncaring attitude.) We were refunded the amount of time we did not stay with them (1 night). Overpriced compared to other parks in the area and our cost in pesticides to fix Merry D's ant problem made this place even more expensive. I cannot recommend this place at all. If I could give a negative star rating I would. - conniecc
This is a very old campsite with many permanent and older residents/units. There is little if any apparent control over clutter - many old units have junk under/around. Nevertheless, it is quiet (seniors sleep!) and the sites are large. If you are looking for a cheap place to hang your hat while you visit Disney then consider this place - less then 30 minutes away and no Orlando traffic. Do not expect good Wi-Fi service if you cannot see the laundry area - like many RV sites the owners advertise Wi-Fi on site but that is nonsense. A $75 router is not Wi-Fi on-site! Our cable TV did not work and the owners could have cared less. We don't watch much so that was not a problem but if you do, then take care because you too might get stung. Would we return? No - I think we would try to find an other place that is equally inexpensive - this cannot be the only one. - Aftica
Nice place for a stop over to visit Disney World. Turning left out of the park and right at the second light takes you 14 miles to the entrance of Disney World. The spaces were wide with cement patios. Parked on sandy dirt. Entrance is very narrow. Water has very high sulfur content and stunk up our water heater. Lowe's and Autozone across the street, and four blocks down to a super-market. - tsetsaf
Rating: | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
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Good park if you are doing an overnight stop. This park is actually a mobile home park with RV sites. Over 50% of the park is park models or long term residents. The Wednesday pool tournament consists of some undesirable people. The only time the clubhouse is open is during office hours or special events. I have never witnessed a pancake breakfast as stated on their website. The staff tends to be indifferent and lazy. Restrooms tend to be filthy the further you get from the manager's house! The sites are not cleaned up after people check out. Neighborhood is safe, though. - Jedi Master
Mostly permanent trailers. Unkept grounds, old moldy, rusty bathrooms, club house was locked. Positives are wifi worked, accept Passport America membership which is 50% discount. Swimming pool appeared to be clean and park is close to Disney attractions. - Sunshine lover
The management of this park does not care about the appearance of the park nor the maintenance of the showers and bathrooms. The swinging doors in the men's room stalls were "repaired" with cardboard and tape! Tile falling off the shower walls, paint flaking, and drain stopped up in another shower shall. When we arrived at our site, there was a car parked in it. When we finally located the owner of the car, he was upset with us that we were taking "his" parking spot! Numerous "residents" are allowed to trash their sites with everything from car engines to table saws. Awnings repaired with blue tarps. The showers and bathrooms are some of the worst I've seen in over 15 years or RVing. To call this place a "resort" is false advertising! The only positive thing I can say about this park was the internet was free, but you were "bumped off" if you were active on it. I would NOT stay here again! This park is at the "bottom of the barrel" of RV parks! Price based on military veterans discount offered by Carefree. A very limited number of sites for overnight visitors. - thetravelkids
Kissimmee, Florida (map) | (407) 396-6655
Sites: 204 | Latest Rate: $28.00 |
Rating: | 9 | 8 | 3 | 6 |
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Stayed here 16 days and very pleasantly surprised by this park. It was suggested we take site 6, which was a site off by itself but very large with a tree on it. Very easily handled our 37 ft toy hauler with lots of room for bike and truck. The park is primarily permanents, but they are very friendly. Limited activities but there is a take out twice a week to give you a break from cooking. Pool was stained so did not use it. Laundry was clean and efficient. There are all types of trailers here: pop ups, temps, motor homes, truck campers, and they seem to get weekend transient traffic. We did see a number of children here, which we thoroughly enjoyed. We would stay here again with no hesitation. - campergal
I like this park in a retro kind of way. It suited my purpose. Not what I'd call a "resort." However, by the time I got here I was "resorted out" and simply looking for a safe place to hook up and spend the night without being ripped off while I prepared for a 3.5k roadtrip. I'm glad I found this place. - Oregon Ms
This old park is pretty sad. Lot of permanent residence with old rigs and trash all around. The staff was nice and friendly. Previous comments stated they had cable TV and this park doesn't and never had. Bathrooms were very old, but reasonably clean. Park is close to Disney World and other attractions, so is convenient in that manner. We parked in the best/largest spot they had with is across from the office. The rig sank in the ruts of sand. We won't be returning. - Numbnuts
Kissimmee, Florida (map) | (407) 396-2400
Sites: 216 | Latest Rate: $59.00 |
Rating: | 10 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
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BEST KOA we have ever stayed at! We were just passing through to visit friends in the area and didn't want to pay the excessive fees for Ft Wilderness for just a weekend. Site 108 was perfect for our 43' 5th Wheel and we even had a lot of grassy area. We were close to the VERY nice and clean pool, the office, and the playgrounds. Lots of roads to walk our dogs. Even has a Waffle House located within walking distance. Found this KOA to be very centrally located to everything in Orlando that we wanted to go to including Disney. - 3Peeps4Dogs5thWheel
We camped here for 4 nights while judging a BBQ contest held at the Sams Club right next door. Our fellow campers were great to meet, the office staff quite nice, and overall it was a pleasant experience. A facility we would use again. - Monkei
We love this park and have stayed many times. The sites are a bit tight to get into and the travel directions on roads inside the park are a bit confusing. We had to drive against traffic to get into our site. We had a concrete pad and patio with fire pit (which we did not use). Kids love the dog park and playground. - Borsky Family
Rating: | 8 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 8 |
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Spaces were a little tight but not overly. Helpful staff. Level sites but we were in the row next to the highway and it was quite noisy at times. Amenities were clean and functional. We stayed for a fortnight and will probably stay again. - Peter McK
Clean campground. Has full-time residents. The park is a bit cramped feeling. - Jedi Master
The park is probably half filled with full-timers and park model home. The lots are narrow. Our pull-through site happened to be on the end of loop and was decent width. Some of the permanent residents seem to have a lot of additions, sheds and lawn ornaments, but it is Florida. The Internet is provided by a third-party called Nationwide. It cost $10 for 48 hours. No need for CATV because it has all the major over-the-air channels. The turnpike is close by but the tree line blocks some of the noise. We ran the A/C so it didn't bother us. Not a bad place to spend a couple of days - scarpacci
Kissimmee, Florida (map) | (407) 396-7431
Sites: 512 | Latest Rate: $28.00 |
Rating: | 10 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 9 |
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The park was very level and good for big rigs. The dog park was very nice. The office staff was very helpful. The pool and hot tub was nice. The clubhouse had seasonal activities - monthly pot lucks, monthly breakfast, line dancing, exercise, library, exercise room. The stink bugs were bad at our site. - Fulltimersrv
The staff at this park were very friendly and helpful. The park itself is very dated, the sites are just grass and dirt with very little shade. Sites are very close together. No picnic table, no fire ring, no patio, etc., etc. The laundry facilities were shabby and some of the washers weren't operating (you have to use a card instead of quarters). Wifi only available at the clubhouse and is weak($64 a night for this)!! The pool area is nice and recently refurbished. The area of Kissimmee around the park is showing signs of extreme economic hardship. You pay quite a premium for a park that just doesn't deliver. Might consider Arizona next year as Florida has become a big rip off. - LeoRunner
Internal roads are paved but fairly narrow, the standard sites are grass and not very level. Facilities worked well, site was satellite friendly. Staff were friendly, park WiFi was Tengo ($) and then was switched to another provider but not free. Free WiFi in the Rec Hall only, T-Mobile cell service was excellent. I would have rated the park higher if it had free WiFi. Our site had a small concrete patio, many do not. The park was quiet. They didn't charge for extra adults or an additional vehicle which was nice. We would stay here again but only if the WiFi was free. - KDSpree
Rating: | 9 | 8 |
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The cost is with AAA Auto Discount. This is a nice park with lots of wildlife. Office staff is busy at times with processing the boat rides and tend to be short with customers at times. Some of the long term people at times tend to think they need to tell us short term visitors what to do, which can be irritating. The guys driving the airboats were great. I went with my 16 year old, and he enjoyed it. Nice to be away from the city hub bub. We traveled in a motor home from the Kansas City area and were here for 5 days. We would definitely return. - sergei3234
We stayed at this park for one week in lot number 37 which is a lake-front full-hookup lot. All spots had vertical cement fixtures which contained older electrical hookup panels and water spigots, with sewer hookups mounted in the ground nearby. About 2/3 of the spots were vacant and the remainder were filled with seasonal trailers that appeared to be in storage and rarely used. We only saw 3 other active campers during our stay so it was very private. The best part was the beautiful natural setting. Every spot had lots of mature shade trees with Spanish moss hanging from the branches. Wildlife was visible everywhere including cranes, herons, eagles, hawks, squirrels, turkeys, frogs, and many other critters. Several families of heron visited our site each day often walking right up to us and waiting around for a handout, and making a pleasant sound in the morning to wake us up gently. We loved being in a remote wilderness location but only 10 minutes away from main stores and 25 minutes away from major attractions. We would have given this park a 10 but there was a slight noise problem caused by the airboat tours which are launched daily from the small parking lot which doubles as a tiny lake marina. The boat tours are popular on the weekends so you hear the boats leaving every 30 minutes from 8:00 am to 5:30 pm, and then by appointment from 5:30 pm to 10:00 pm. The boats are pretty loud but further away, so they sound about the same as a lawn tractor cutting the grass next door. The noise is still audible with the windows closed and the AC on but it wasn't too bad and we got used to it after the first day. Thankfully the boat tours were less popular during the week so we did have some quiet peaceful time as well. The laundry room is older but clean and functional with each load costing $1.00 and they keep it locked when the office is closed so you have to finish laundry by 5:30 pm each day. The restroom building looked newer and well lit but we never used it. We enjoyed this park enough that we will return again some day. The boat noise is a drawback but it still beats the noise of crowded parks and lots of kids and traffic at all hours of the night which is a problem at many other parks in this area. - WileECoyote
Kissimmee, Florida (map) | (407) 396-4595
Sites: 594 | Latest Rate: $95.00 |
Rating: | 5 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 5 |
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This place is overpriced and staff is awful. Laundry has mostly broken machines and WiFi is useless. Don't ask front desk staff a question because they don't want to be interrupted from their conversation. Don't stay here there are better options. - Steve joynt
This was our first visit to the resort. It does have that resort feeling with all the cottages and park models around. Our site was central to all the amenities - office, pool, and laundry facilities, and the rate was discounted for Florida residents. The turn into the sites, including ours, was tight with ruts in the grass/dirt at the right hand side coming in and left hand side going out. Plenty of clearance inside the resort. We enjoyed staying here and will return. - Borsky Family
We camped here 3 nights in a motorhome. The site is very tight for a big rig with many large trees at the site. The roads are narrow and one-way which makes it difficult to park and to exit in a big rig as the sites are very close together and the trees are on all sides of the sites. The ground at all of the sites stays wet all the time and several of the sites have large ruts in the ground surrounding the concrete pads. The hookups are located so far to the rear of the sites that most campers must use sewer extensions in order to reach the sewer dump at each site. - John & Bobbie


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Cave of the Apocalypse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Historic Centre (Chora) with the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Pátmos | |
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List | |
Type | Cultural |
Criteria | iii, iv, vi |
Reference | 942 |
UNESCO region | Europe and North America |
Coordinates | 37°18′51.91″N 26°32′40.80″E / 37.3144194°N 26.5446667°E |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 1999 (23rd Session) |
The Cave of the Apocalypse is situated about halfway up the mountain on the Aegean island of Patmos, along the road between the villages of Chora and Skala. This grotto is believed to mark the spot where John of Patmos received his visions that he recorded in the Book of the Apocalypse (Revelation). In 1999, UNESCO declared the cave a joint World Heritage Site together with the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian.[1]
Footnotes and references[edit]
- ^ UNESCO, World Heritage Site No. 942, webpage:WHC-UNESCO-942.
This South Aegean location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This article about a Christian monastery, abbey, priory or other religious house is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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Steven G. Fry |
Maple Park, IL October 4, 1946 - November 5, 2012 |
Leronna Dear, know I will ever hold you and Steve in my heart. Will be with you in Spirit at the Memorial. Love, Fran, osf |
Copyright © 2003-2008
ProAccess, Inc. All rights reserved. |
View Memorials and Tributes
Conley Funeral Home InMemoriam


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Book your room at Hotel Villa Giulia
Please enter your travel dates.
3-star hotel with bar/lounge and 24-hour front desk
With a stay at Hotel Villa Giulia in Ciampino, you'll be near the airport and close to Ippodromo Capannelle and Anagnina Mall.
This hotel is within the vicinity of Gotto D'Oro-Cantina Sociale di Marino and Villa dei Quintili.
Make yourself at home in one of the 23 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars and LCD televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and digital programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature rainfall showerheads and complimentary toiletries. Conveniences include phones, housekeeping is provided daily, and you can request irons/ironing boards.
Make use of convenient amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and tour/ticket assistance. Getting to nearby attractions is a breeze with the area shuttle (surcharge).
Take advantage of the hotel's room service (during limited hours). Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Featured amenities include a computer station, express check-in, and dry cleaning/laundry services. For a surcharge, guests may use a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request) and a cruise ship terminal shuttle.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Renovations & Closures
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Villa Giulia features tour/ticket assistance, multilingual staff, and laundry facilities. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. For a surcharge, the property provides a roundtrip airport shuttle (available on request), a cruise ship terminal shuttle, and an area shuttle. This Ciampino hotel also offers dry cleaning/laundry services, express check-in, and room service (during limited hours). Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- Cruise terminal shuttle (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
- Computer station
- Number of floors - 2
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 23
- Bar/lounge
- Ferry terminal shuttle (surcharge)
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Area shuttle (surcharge)
- Luggage storage
- Express check-in
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- One meeting room
- Multilingual staff
- Train station pickup (surcharge)
- Free self parking
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Daily housekeeping
- Room service (limited hours)
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Bidet
- Shower only
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Digital TV service
- Free WiFi
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Minibar
- Hair dryer
- Rainfall showerhead
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Rollaway/extra beds available
Where to Eat
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at noon
Check-in time ends at 2 AM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed, Pet maximum weight in kg is 8
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
24-hour check-in
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 4 per person, per night, up to 10 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 10 years of age.
- Airport shuttle transfer per adult: EUR 20 (one way)
- Airport shuttle fee: EUR 20.00 per vehicle
- Airport shuttle fee per child: EUR 5.00 (from 3 to 6 years old)
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.


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In October 1962, a half-century ago, an anonymous quartet from Liverpool released for the rock-pop charts its first recording, a tune called "Love Me Do." The song climbed no higher than 17th place on the sales charts, even though it featured an innovative harmonica sound and had bold, even cheeky lyrics written by two members of the group, at variance with the custom of separating songwriters and...
War and grief beat peace and love
This week the world is rapturously celebrating golden anniversary of The Beatles.
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elcome to the UC Berkeley Art Museum's online guide for kids. In this guide, you'll find lots of things to think about.
nd wherever you see words in red, there is a "hands-on" activity for you to do!
Enter the museum here!
Hammering Man
by Jonathan Borofsky, 1976-1983. (18 feet tall!)


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To: | <firstname.lastname@example.com> |
Subject: | [Towertalk] Cable Clamps and Phillystran |
From: | firstname.lastname@example.com (email@example.com) |
Date: | Wed, 7 Aug 2002 11:38:36 EDT |
In a message dated 8/7/02 8:23:32 AM Pacific Daylight Time, firstname.lastname@example.com writes: > A fellow ham sent me an email asking if cable clamps can be used on 1/2" > Phillystran. I don't know so I am looking for advice for him from TT. The only acceptable termination is the Phillystran Preformed grip. Before the grips were available, cable clamps were used but the pressure caused the fibers to cold flow so using cable clamps is NOT factory approved. Cheers, Steve K7LXC TOWER TECH - Professional tower services for commercial and amateur |
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Previous by Date: | [Towertalk] Lightning, Larry |
Next by Date: | [Towertalk] Coax opinions, Kevin Hemsley |
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2013 Fall Recreation Registration is now OPEN!
By: Anthony Bettencourt
Updated: 04/15/2013 at 8:37 PM
Deerfield Park -
2013 Fall Recreational Registration is now
OPEN!! 2013 Fall Soccer
* All Games and
Practices take place at Deerfield Park
* Fees include
Team Shirt and Socks
*Dinomites also receive a keepsake soccer ball * $25 Late Fee for First Family member. Each add't will be $5 thereafter. Late fee
starts after 5/31/2013
*Registration payments must be made online.
*Families with more than ONE child will need to
do separate transactions for each child.
discount will be applied at checkout for


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Routes : North America : United States : California : Bishop and Eastern Sierra : Sad Boulders, The : Ice Caves : Rorschach Test
Rorschach Test - V11
Average Rating : 0.00 out of 5Route sequence (left to right): 0
Route Summary | Ascent Notes (0)
Premier Sponsor:
2+ pads and a spotter
Sit start with the right hand on a crimp beneath an overlap and left on the crimp just above(this is just right of erotic terrorist). Begin with a big move right. Continue traversing right powerfully to a tricky move to gain the right edge of the boulder. Pull around onto the slab. Crimpy!
Submitted by: unbrbldeath on 2012-12-24
Views: 132
Route ID: 113169


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My doctor prescribed birth control pills to treat my acne. Why did he do this? - Jessica*
Birth control pills can help stabilize some of the fluctuating hormones that can cause extra oil on the skin and lead to acne. By keeping those hormones under control, doctors hope to improve acne.
But birth control pills aren't right for all girls with acne. Depending on a girl's acne, doctors also might try different treatments, such as prescription creams, antibiotics, or, if the acne is severe, stronger medicines.
Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD Date reviewed: April 2012
*Names have been changed to protect user privacy.
CarePages.com is health care's largest social network to provide the emotional support needed for healing and well-being. CarePages enables those involved in a health event to create private websites for sharing health updates, photos and supportive messages


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Myths & Facts OnlineThe 1956 WarBy Mitchell G. Bard"Arab
governments were prepared to accept Israel
after the Suez War. "Arab governments were prepared to accept Israel after the 1948 war." FACT In the fall of 1948, the UN Security Council called on Israel and the Arab states to negotiate armistice agreements. Thanks to UN mediator Ralph Bunche's insistence on direct bilateral talks between Israel and each Arab state, armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria were concluded by the summer of 1949. Iraq, which had also fought against Israel, refused to follow suit. Meanwhile, on December 11, 1948, the General Assembly adopted a resolution calling on the parties to negotiate peace and creating a Palestine Conciliation Commission (PCC), which consisted of the United States, France and Turkey. All Arab delegations voted against it. After 1949, the Arabs insisted that Israel accept the borders in the 1947 partition resolution and repatriate the Palestinian refugees before they would negotiate an end to the war they had initiated. This was a novel approach that they would use after subsequent defeats: the doctrine of the limited-liability war. Under this theory, aggressors may reject a compromise settlement and gamble on war to win everything in the comfortable knowledge that, even if they fail, they may insist on reinstating the status quo ante. "Israel's military strike in 1956 was unprovoked." FACT Egypt had maintained its state of belligerency with Israel after the armistice agreement was signed. The first manifestation of this was the closing of the Suez Canal to Israeli shipping. On August 9, 1949, the UN Mixed Armistice Commission upheld Israel's complaint that Egypt was illegally blocking the canal. UN negotiator Ralph Bunche declared: "There should be free movement for legitimate shipping and no vestiges of the wartime blockade should be allowed to remain, as they are inconsistent with both the letter and the spirit of the armistice agreements."1 On September 1, 1951, the Security Council ordered Egypt to open the Canal to Israeli shipping. Egypt refused to comply. The Egyptian Foreign Minister, Muhammad Salah al-Din, said early in 1954 that : "The Arab people will not be embarrassed to declare: We shall not be satisfied except by the final obliteration of Israel from the map of the Middle East."2 In 1955, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser began to import arms from the Soviet Bloc to build his arsenal for the confrontation with Israel. In the short-term, however, he employed a new tactic to prosecute Egypt's war with Israel. He announced it on August 31, 1955: Egypt has decided to dispatch her heroes, the disciples of Pharaoh and the sons of Islam and they will cleanse the land of Palestine....There will be no peace on Israel's border because we demand vengeance, and vengeance is Israel's death.3 These "heroes" were Arab terrorists, or fedayeen, trained and equipped by Egyptian Intelligence to engage in hostile action on the border, and to infiltrate Israel to commit acts of sabotage and murder. The fedayeen operated mainly from bases in Jordan, so that Jordan would bear the brunt of Israel's retaliation, which inevitably followed. The terrorist attacks violated the armistice agreement provision that prohibited the initiation of hostilities by paramilitary forces; nevertheless, it was Israel that was condemned by the UN Security Council for its counterattacks. The escalation continued with the Egyptian blockade of Israel's shipping lane in the Straits of Tiran, and Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal in July 1956. On October 14, Nasser made clear his intent: Less than two weeks later, on October 25, Egypt signed a tripartite agreement with Syria and Jordan placing Nasser in command of all three armies. The Israeli Ambassador to the UN Abba Eban explained the provocations to the Security Council on October 30: During the six years during which this belligerency has operated in violation of the Armistice Agreement there have occurred 1,843 cases of armed robbery and theft, 1,339 cases of armed clashes with Egyptian armed forces, 435 cases of incursion from Egyptian controlled territory, 172 cases of sabotage perpetrated by Egyptian military units and fedayeen in Israel. As a result of these actions of Egyptian hostility within Israel, 364 Israelis were wounded and 101 killed. In 1956 alone, as a result of this aspect of Egyptian aggression, 28 Israelis were killed and 127 wounded.5 One reason these raids were so intolerable for Israel was that the country had chosen to create a relatively small standing army and to rely primarily on reserves in the event of war. This meant that Israel had a small force to fight in an emergency, that threats provoking the mobilization of reserves could virtually paralyze the country, and that an enemy's initial thrust would have to be withstood long enough to complete the mobilization. "The United States' blind support for Israel was apparent during the Suez War." FACT President Eisenhower was upset by the fact that Israel, France and Great Britain had secretly planned the campaign to evict Egypt from the Suez Canal. Israel's failure to inform the United States of its intentions, combined with ignoring American entreaties not to go to war, sparked tensions between the countries. The United States subsequently joined the Soviet Union (ironically, just after the Soviets invaded Hungary) in a campaign to force Israel to withdraw. This included a threat to discontinue all U.S. assistance, UN sanctions and expulsion from the UN (see exchanges between Ben-Gurion and Eisenhower). U.S. pressure resulted in an Israeli withdrawal from the areas it conquered without obtaining any concessions from the Egyptians. This sowed the seeds of the 1967 war. One reason Israel did give in to Eisenhower was the assurance he gave to Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. Before evacuating Sharm al-Sheikh, the strategic point guarding the Straits of Tiran, Israel elicited a promise that the United States would maintain the freedom of navigation in the waterway.6 In addition, Washington sponsored a UN resolution creating the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to supervise the territories vacated by the Israeli forces. The war temporarily ended the activities of the fedayeen; however, they were renewed a few years by a loosely knit group of terrorist organizations that became know as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Notes1Eliezer
Ereli, "The
Bat Galim Case Before the Security Council," Middle
Eastern Affairs, (April 1955), pp. 108-9. See also: History
of Israel Previous To order the paperback edition, click HERE. |


text:
TALVIKKI ANSELThe Bird Cards A vesper sparrow sings What
turned up ~ and, how many are the ways In the big family, the mother drops ~ Card three, the two white eggs no larger with the painted birds, collected ~ Card with the vivid yellows and greens, Outside
Ithaca, 1927, Fuertes became
paler, read Thoreau, ~ Blunt edge of the bird's leading wing, Morning:
yellow and green beaten leaves of the apple, Flies stir on the washed-up kelp, ~ Cave of snow under the snow-covered you walked out in snow and back, Eight years I've tried to write a poem. Paper flutters down to the floor by ~ Card 4, card with the sky on its back. Contributor's