text:
Jim Starlin
Jim Starlin | |
Jim Starlin in 2008
Born | James P. Starlin October 9, 1949 Detroit, Michigan |
Nationality | American |
Area(s) | Writer, Penciller, Inker |
Pseudonym(s) | Steve Apollo |
Notable works
Captain Marvel Cosmic Odyssey Dreadstar Infinity Gauntlet Marvel Graphic Novel |
Awards | Full list |
James P. "Jim" Starlin (born October 9, 1949)[1] is an American comic book writer and artist. With a career dating back to the early 1970s, he is best known for "cosmic" tales and space opera; for revamping the Marvel Comics characters Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock; and for creating or co-creating the Marvel characters Thanos, Drax the Destroyer, Gamora and Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu.
Personal life[edit]
In the 1960s, Jim Starlin served as an aviation photographer in the US Navy in Vietnam.[2][3] During his off duty time, he drew and submitted various comics. After leaving the Navy, he sold two stories to DC Comics.[4]
Early career[edit]
After writing and drawing stories for a number of fan publications, Jim Starlin got his break into comics in 1972, working for Roy Thomas and John Romita at Marvel Comics. Brought in by fellow artist Rich Buckler,[5] Starlin was part of the generation of artists and writers who grew up as fans of Silver Age Marvel Comics. At a Steve Ditko-focused panel at the 2008 Comic-Con International, Starlin said, "Everything I learned about storytelling was [due to] him or Kirby. [Ditko] did the best layouts."[6]
Starlin's first job for Marvel was as a finisher on pages of The Amazing Spider-Man.[7] He then drew three issues of Iron Man, that introduced the characters Thanos and Drax the Destroyer.[8] He was then given the chance to draw an issue (#25) of the "cosmic" title Captain Marvel.[9] Starlin took over as plotter the following issue, and began developing an elaborate story arc centered on the villainous Thanos, and spread across a number of Marvel titles. Starlin left Captain Marvel one issue after concluding his Thanos saga.
Concurrently in the mid-1970s, Starlin contributed a cache of stories to the independently published science-fiction anthology Star Reach. Here he developed his ideas of God, death, and infinity, free of the restrictions of mainstream comics publishers' self-censorship arm, the Comics Code Authority. Starlin also drew "The Secret of Skull River", inked by frequent collaborator Al Milgrom, for Savage Tales #5 (July 1974).
After working on Captain Marvel, Starlin and writer Steve Englehart co-created the character Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu,[10][11] though they only worked on the early issues of the series. Starlin then took over the title Warlock,[12] starring a genetically engineered being created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in the 1960s and re-imagined by Roy Thomas and Gil Kane in the 1970s as a Jesus Christ-like figure on an alternate Earth. Envisioning the character as philosophical and existentially tortured, Starlin wrote and drew a complex space opera with theological and psychological themes. Warlock confronted the militaristic Universal Church of Truth, eventually revealed to be created and led by an evil evolution of his future–past self, known as Magus. Starlin ultimately incorporated Thanos into this story. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "In a brief stint with Marvel, which included work on two characters [Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock] that had previously never quite made their mark, Starlin managed to build a considerable cult following."[13]
In Fall 1978,[14] Starlin, Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson, and Val Mayerik formed Upstart Associates, a shared studio space on West 29th Street in New York City. The membership of the studio changed over time.[15]
Death and suicide are recurring themes in Starlin's work: Personifications of Death appeared in his Captain Marvel series and in a fill-in story for Ghost Rider; Warlock commits suicide by killing his future self; and suicide is a theme in a story he plotted and drew for The Rampaging Hulk magazine.
Starlin occasionally worked for Marvel's chief competitor DC Comics and drew stories for Legion of Super-Heroes and the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics in the late 1970s.[7] He co-created the supervillain Mongul with writer Len Wein in DC Comics Presents #27 (Nov. 1980).[16]
The new decade found Starlin creating an expansive story titled "the Metamorphosis Odyssey", which introduced the character of Vanth Dreadstar in Epic Illustrated #3. From its beginning in Epic Illustrated, the initial story was painted in monochromatic grays, eventually added to with other tones, and finally becoming full color. The storyline was further developed in The Price[17] and Marvel Graphic Novel #3 [18] and eventually the long-running Dreadstar comic book, published first by Epic Comics,[19][20] and then by First Comics.[21]
Starlin was given the opportunity to produce a one-shot story in which to kill off a main character. The Death of Captain Marvel became the first graphic novel published by Marvel itself.[22][Note 1]
Starlin and Bernie Wrightson produced Heroes for Hope, a 1985 one-shot designed to raise money for African famine relief and recovery.[23] Published in the form of a comics "jam," the book featured an all-star lineup of comics creators as well as a few notable authors from outside the comic book industry, such as Stephen King, George R. R. Martin, Harlan Ellison, and Edward Bryant.[7]
In 1986, he and Wrightson produced a second benefit comic for famine relief. Heroes Against Hunger featuring Superman and Batman was published by DC and like the earlier Marvel benefit project featured many top comics creators.[7][24] Starlin became the writer of Batman and one of his first storylines for the title was "Ten Nights of The Beast"[25] in issues #417 - 420 (March - June 1988) which introduced the KGBeast. Starlin then wrote the four-issue miniseries Batman: The Cult (Aug.-Nov. 1988) drawn by Wrightson.[26] and the storyline "Batman: A Death in the Family", in Batman #426-429 (Dec. 1988 – Jan. 1989),[27] in which Jason Todd, the second of Batman's Robin sidekicks, was killed. The death was decided by fans, as DC Comics set up a hotline for readers to vote on as to whether or not Jason Todd should survive a potentially fatal situation.
Other projects for DC included writing The Weird drawn by Wrightson[7] and Cosmic Odyssey drawn by Mike Mignola.[28] Starlin wrote and drew Gilgamesh II in 1989 before returning to Marvel.[7]
Later career[edit]
Back at Marvel, Starlin began scripting a revival of the Silver Surfer series. As had become his Marvel norm, he introduced his creation Thanos into the story arc, which led to The Infinity Gauntlet miniseries and its crossover storyline.[29] Here, Starlin brought back Adam Warlock, whom he had killed years earlier in his concluding Warlock story in Avengers Annual #7 and Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2 in 1977. The Infinity Gauntlet proved successful and was followed by the sequel miniseries Infinity War and Infinity Crusade.
For DC he created Hardcore Station in 1998.[7]
In 2003, Starlin wrote and drew the Marvel Comics miniseries Marvel: The End.[7] The series starred Thanos and a multitude of Marvel characters, and subsequently, Starlin was assigned an eponymous Thanos series.[7] Starlin then worked for independent companies, creating Cosmic Guard (later renamed Kid Cosmos) published by Devil's Due and then Dynamite Entertainment in 2006.[7]
Starlin returned to DC and, with artist Shane Davis, wrote the miniseries Mystery in Space vol. 2, featuring Captain Comet and Starlin's earlier creation, the Weird.[30] In 2007–2008, he worked on the DC miniseries Death of the New Gods[31] and Rann-Thanagar Holy War,[7] as well as a Hawkman tie-in that became the latest of many stories to have altered the character's origins over the previous two decades.[32] He also wrote the eight-issue miniseries Strange Adventures.[33]
In 2013, Starlin became the writer of Stormwatch, one of the series of the The New 52 line, beginning with issue #19.[citation needed]
Other work[edit]
Starlin co-wrote four novels with his wife Daina Graziunas (whom he married in October 1980):[34] Among Madmen (1990, Roc Books), Lady El (1992, Roc Books), Thinning the Predators (1996, Warner Books; paperback edition entitled Predators); and Pawns (1989, serialized in comic book Dreadstar #42-54).
- 1973: Won the "Outstanding New Talent" Shazam Award, tied with Walt Simonson[35]
- 1974: Nominated for the "Superior Achievement by an Individual" Shazam Award
- 1977: Nominated for the "Favourite Comicbook Artist" Eagle Award
- 1978:
- Won the "Favourite Single Story" Eagle Award, for Avengers Annual #7: The Final Threat
- Won the "Favourite Continued Story" Eagle Award, for Avengers Annual #7 / Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2
- Nominated for the "Favourite Artist" Eagle Award
- Nominated for "Best Comic" British Fantasy Award, for Avengers Annual #7: The Final Threat
- 1979: Nominated for "Best Comic" British Fantasy Award, for Among the Great Divide (The Rampaging Hulk #7), with Steve Gerber and Bob Wiacek
- 1986:
- Won the "Best Long Story" Haxtur Award, for Dreadstar
- Received the Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award, jointly with Bernie Wrightson
- 1992:
- Won the "Best Script" Haxtur Award, for Silver Surfer #1-5
- Nominated for the "Best Long Story" Haxtur Award, for Silver Surfer #1-5, with Ron Lim
- 1993:
- Nominated for the "Best Script" Haxtur Award, for Deeply Buried Secrets (Silver Surfer #12)
- Nominated for the "Best Short Story" Haxtur Award, for Deeply Buried Secrets (Silver Surfer #12), with Ron Lim
- 1995:
- Nominated for the "Best Short Story" Haxtur Award, for Daredevil/Black Widow: Abattoir, with Joe Chiodo
- Nominated for the "Best Cover" Haxtur Award, for Breed #6
- 2005: Received the "Author That We Loved" Haxtur Award
- August 2014: Accepted the position of Inkwell Awards Special Ambassador (August 2014-present)[36]
Comics work includes:
- Adventures of Superman Annual #1 (writer, 1987)
- Batman #402 (artist, 1986); #414-430 (writer, 1987–89)
- Batman: The Cult, miniseries, #1-4 (writer, 1988)
- Cosmic Odyssey, miniseries, #1-4 (writer, 1988–89)
- Countdown to Final Crisis #5 (artist, 2008)
- DC Comics Presents #26-29, 36-37 (writer/artist, 1980–81)
- Death of the New Gods, miniseries, #1-8 (writer/artist, 2007–08)
- Detective Comics #481-482 (writer/artist) (1981)
- The Flash (Firestorm backup stories) #294-296 (artist, 1981)
- Gilgamesh II, miniseries, #1-4 (writer/artist, 1989)
- Hardcore Station (writer/artist, 1998)
- Heroes Against Hunger (writer, 1986)
- Kamandi #59 (OMAC backup story) (writer/artist 1978)
- Mystery in Space, miniseries, #1-8 (writer/artist along with Shane Davis, 2006–07)
- New Gods, vol. 3, #2-4 (writer, along with Paris Cullins, 1989)
- Rann-Thanagar Holy War, miniseries, #1-8 (writer, 2008–09)
- Richard Dragon, Kung-Fu Fighter #2 (artist, along with Alan Weiss) (1975)
- Strange Adventures, miniseries, #1-8 (writer/artist among others, 2009)
- Superboy (Legion of Super-Heroes) #239, 250-251 (writer/artist as "Steve Apollo", with co-author Paul Levitz) (1978–79)
- Superman: The Computers that saved Metropolis, one-shot (artist, 1980)
- Superman, vol. 2, #139 (artist, 1998)
- Sword of Sorcery #5 (artist, 1973)
- Warlord (OMAC backup stories) #37-39 (writer/artist 1980)
- The Weird, miniseries, #1-4 (writer, 1988)
- Amazing Adventures, vol. 2, #17 (Beast feature, 2-pages only) (artist, 1973)
- Amazing Spider-Man #113-114 (artist, 1972); #187 (artist, 1978)
- Astonishing Tales (Ka-Zar) #19 (artist, along with Dan Adkins, 1973)
- Avengers #107 (artist alog with George Tuska, 1972); Annual #7 (writer/artist, 1977)
- Book of the Dead (Man-Thing), miniseries, #3 (artist, 1994)
- Captain Marvel #25-34 (full art); #36 (3-pages only) (writer/artist, 1973–74)
- Captain Marvel, vol. 2, #11, 18 (artist, 2000–01)
- The Cat #4 (along with Alan Weiss) (artist, 1973)
- Conan the Barbarian #64 (artist, 1976)
- Daredevil #105 (artist, along with Don Heck, 1973)
- Daredevil/Black Widow: Abattoir (graphic novel) (writer, 1993)
- Deadly Hands of Kung-Fu #1-2, 15 (writer/artist, 1974–75)
- Doctor Strange #23-26 (writer/artist, 1977)
- Dracula Lives #2 (artist along with Syd Shores, 1973)
- Dreadstar #1-26 (writer/artist, 1982–86)
- Epic Illustrated #1-9 (Metamorphosis Odyssey); #14-15, 22, 34 (writer/artist, 1980–86)
- Fear (Man-Thing) #12 (artist, 1973)
- Ghost Rider, vol. 2, #35 (artist, 1979)
- Giant-Size Defenders #1 (9-pages only), #3 (artist, 1975)
- Heroes for Hope (writer/back cover artist, 1985)
- Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #222 (artist, 1978)
- Incredible Hulk and the Thing: The Big Change (graphic novel) (writer, 1987)
- Infinity Gauntlet, miniseries, #1-6 (writer, 1991)
- Infinity War, miniseries, #1-6 (writer, 1992)
- Infinity Crusade, miniseries, #1-6 (writer, 1993)
- Infinity Abyss, miniseries, #1-6 (writer/artist, 2002)
- Iron Man #55-56 (artist, 1973)
- Journey into Mystery (vol. 2) #1, 3 (artist, 1972–73)
- Marvel Fanfare #20-21 (writer/artist, 1985)
- Marvel Feature #11-12 (artist, 1973)
- Marvel Graphic Novel #1 (The Death of Captain Marvel), #3 (Dreadstar) (writer/artist, 1982)
- Marvel Premiere (Doctor Strange) #8 (artist, 1973)
- Marvel Preview (Thor) #10 (artist, 1977)
- Marvel: The End, miniseries, #1-6 (writer/artist, 2003)
- Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2 (writer/artist, 1977)
- Master of Kung-Fu #17, 24 (1974–75)
- Punisher: P.O.V, miniseries, #1-4 (writer, 1991)
- Rampaging Hulk #4 (writer/artist, 1977), #7 (Man-Thing feature) (artist, 1978)
- Savage Tales #5 (penciller, 1974)
- Shadows & Light #2 (Doctor Strange feature) (writer/artist, 1998), #3 (Werewolf By Night feature) (writer, 1998)
- Silver Surfer, vol 3, #34-48, 50 (writer, 1990–91)
- Silver Surfer: Homecoming original graphic novel (writer, 1991)
- Spaceknights #1-5 (writer, 2000–01)
- Special Marvel Edition (Shang-Chi) #15-16 (then changes title to Master of Kung Fu) (1973–74)
- Strange Tales (Warlock) #178-181 (writer/artist, 1975)
- Thanos #1-6 (writer/artist, 2003–04)
- Thanos Annual #1 (writer, 2014)
- Thanos: The Infinity Revelation (graphic novel) (writer/artist, 2014)
- The Thanos Quest, miniseries, #1-2 (writer, 1990)
- Thor, vol. 2, #37 (artist, 2001)
- Warlock #9-15 (writer/artist, 1975–76)
- Warlock and the Infinity Watch #1-31 (writer, 1992–94)
- X-Factor Special: Prisoner Of Love (writer, 1990)
Other publishers[edit]
- 'Breed: Book of Genesis #1-6 (miniseries) (writer/artist) (Malibu Comics, 1994)
- 'Breed: Book of Ecclesiastes #1-6 (miniseries) (writer/artist) (Malibu Comics, 1994–95)
- 'Breed: Book of Revelation #1-7 (miniseries) (writer/artist) (Image Comics 2011)
- Cosmic Guard #1-6 (miniseries) & Kid Kosmos (graphic novel) (writer/artist) (Devil's Due Publishing, 2004–05,07)
- Creepy #106, 114 (artist) (Warren Publishing, 1979–80)
- Dreadstar #27-32 (writer/artist); #33-40 (writer) (First Comics, 1986–89)
- Eclipse Magazine #1 (writer/artist) (Eclipse Enterprises, 1981)
- Eerie #76, 79, 80, 84, 100 (Darklon The Mystic feature) (writer/artist); #101, 128 (artist) (Warren Publishing, 1976–82)
- Heavy Metal (vol 3) #4 (writer/artist) (HM Communications, 1979)
- Hellboy: Weird Tales #5 (artist) (Dark Horse, 2003)
- Michael Chabon Presents The Amazing Adventures Of The Escapist #1 (writer/artist) (Dark Horse, 2004)
- Star*Reach #1-2 (writer/artist) (Star*Reach Productions, 1974)
- Supreme: The Return #2 (artist) (Awesome, 1999)
- Unity 2000 #1-3 (miniseries, #4-6 were not published) (artist) (Acclaim, 1999–2000)
- Vampirella #78 (artist) (Warren Publishing, 1979)
- Wyrd the Reluctant Warrior #1-6 (miniseries) (writer/artist) (Slave Labor Graphics, 1999)
Covers only[edit]
- Amazing Adventures (vol. 2) #27 (Marvel Comics, 1974)
- Avengers #120, 135 (Marvel Comics, 1974–75)
- Captain Marvel (vol. 2) #17-18 (Marvel comics, 2000)
- Captain America #162 (Marvel Comics, 1973)
- Comic Book Artist #18 (Twomorrows Publishing, 2002)
- Daredevil #107 (Marvel Comics, 1974)
- The Defenders #110 (Marvel Comics, 1982)
- Dreadstar (1994 series) #1-2 (Malibu Comics, 1994)
- FOOM #9 (Marvel Comics, 1975)
- Green Lantern #129, 133 (DC Comics, 1980)
- Incredible Hulk (vol. 2) #217 (Marvel Comics, 1977)
- Iron Man #68, 100, 160, 163 (Marvel Comics, 1974–82)
- Jonah Hex #12 (DC Comics, 1978)
- Jungle Action (vol 2) #3 (Marvel Comics, 1973)
- Justice League of America #178-180, 183, 185 (DC Comics, 1980)
- Man-Thing #2 (Marvel Comics, 1974)
- Marvel Preview #13-14 (Marvel Comics, 1978)
- Marvel Super-Heroes #33, 47 (Marvel Comics, 1972–74)
- Marvel Team-Up #27 (Marvel Comics, 1974)
- Marvel Two-In-One #6 (Marvel Comics, 1974)
- Marvel's Greatest Comics #39, 41 (Marvel Comics, 1973)
- The Mighty World of Marvel #2-20, 22, 24, 26 (Marvel UK, 1972)
- Miracleman #4 (Eclipse Comics, 1985)
- Rampaging Hulk #5 (Marvel Comics, 1977)
- Super-Villain Team-Up #6 (Marvel Comics, 1976)
- Thanos #7 (Marvel Comics, 2004)
- DC Comics Classics Library: A Death In The Family, 272 pages, September 2009, DC Comics, ISBN 9781401225162
- Death of the New Gods, 256 pages, September 2008, DC Comics, ISBN 978-1401218393
- Dreadstar: The Beginning, 230 pages, May 2010, Dynamite, ISBN 978-1606901199
- Dreadstar: The Definitive Collection, 376 pages, September 2004, Dynamite, ISBN 978-0974963808
- Marvel Masterworks: Captain Marvel vol. 3, 288 pages, April 2008, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785130154
- Marvel Masterworks: Warlock vol. 2, 336 pages, July 2009, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785135111
- Marvel Premiere Classic vol. 43: The Death of Captain Marvel, 128 pages, January 2010, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785146278
- Marvel Premiere Classic vol. 46: The Infinity Gauntlet, 256 pages, July 2010, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785145509
- Marvel Premiere Classic vol. 47: Silver Surfer: Rebirth of Thanos, 224 pages, July 2010, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785144786
- Infinity Gauntlet Omnibus, 1248 pages, July 2014, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785154686
- Cosmic Guard (Kid Kosmos), 132 pages, April 2008, Dynamite, ISBN 978-1933305028
- Dreadstar: The Definitive Collection
- Volume 1, 192 pages, August 2004, Dynamite, ISBN 978-0974963815
- Volume 2, 188 pages, September 2004, Dynamite, ISBN 978-0974963822
- Death of the New Gods, 256 pages, August 2009, DC Comics, ISBN 978-1401222116
- Essential Doctor Strange volume 3, 616 pages, December 2007, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785127338
- Essential Marvel Two-In-One
- Volume 1, 576 pages, November 2005, Marvel Comics, ISBN 0-7851-1729-6
- Volume 2, 568 pages, June 2007, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785126980
- Essential Rampaging Hulk volume 1, 584 pages, May 2008, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785126997
- Infinity Abyss, 176 pages, March 2003, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785109853
- Infinity War, 400 pages, April 2006, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785121053
- Infinity Crusade
- Volume 1, 248 pages, December 2008, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785131274
- Volume 2, 240 pages, January 2009, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785131281
- Thanos: Epiphany, 144 pages, August 2004, Marvel Comics, ISBN 978-0785113553
- Camelot 4005 (seven black-and-white and one colour plates) (Bob Hakins, 1978)
- Insanity (six black-and-white prints) (Middle Earth, 1974)
- Metamorphosis Odyssey (four colour plates) (S.Q. Productions, 1980)
- Starlin, Jim; Joe Pruett, ed., designer (2010). The Art of Jim Starlin. IDW/Desperado. ISBN 1600107702.
- ^ "Jim Starlin". Facebook. Retrieved October 10, 2012. Note: Birth date is listed as October 19 at Miller, John Jackson (June 10, 2005). "Comics Industry Birthdays". Comics Buyer's Guide. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved December 12, 2010.
- ^ Space Opera With Teeth: Jim Starlin's 'Dreadstar'
- ^ The Art of Jim Starlin: A Life in Words and Pictures
- ^ "Jim Starlin" at the Wayback Machine (archived January 22, 2008). Adelaid Comics and Books. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
- ^ "Gangway, World! Madcap Marvel Marches Merrily On!" (Marvel Bullpen Bulletins page in Sgt Fury and his Howling Commandos #104 and other Marvel Comics cover-dated November 1972)
- ^ Starlin, in Jones, Seth (August 5, 2008). "CCI: The World of Steve Ditko". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jim Starlin at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1970s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. p. 158. ISBN 978-0756641238.
"In [Iron Man #55], scripted by Mike Friedrich, plotter and penciler Jim Starlin introduced a miniature mythos of his creations.
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 159: "In March [1973], the first of artist Jim Starlin's many sagas of the Marvel heroes' wars against Thanos began."
- ^ Cooke, Jon B. (2005). "Everybody was Kung Fu Watchin'! The Not-So-Secret Origin of Shang-Chi, Kung-Fu Master!". Comic Book Artist Collection: Volume 3. TwoMorrows Publishing. pp. 6–7. ISBN 1-893905-42-X.
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 161: "Capitalizing on the popularity of martial arts movies, writer Steve Englehart and artist/co-plotter Jim Starlin created Marvel's Master of Kung Fu series. The title character, Shang-Chi, was the son of novelist Sax Rohmer's criminal mastermind Dr. Fu Manchu."
- ^ Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 168: "Adam Warlock returned in a new series, taking over Strange Tales for four issues...The original Warlock comic book would return with issue #9 in October [1975]."
- ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 162. ISBN 9780810938212.
- ^ Cooke, Jon B. "Simonson Says The Man of Two Gods Recalls His 25+ Years in Comics" Comic Book Artist #10 (Oct. 2000) TwoMorrows Publishing p. 25
- ^ Nolen-Weathington, Eric (2006). Modern Masters, Volume 8: Walter Simonson. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 1-893905-64-0. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
- ^ Manning, Matthew K.; Dolan, Hannah, ed. (2010). "1980s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. Dorling Kindersley. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
Artist Jim Starlin displayed his penchant for portraying powerful cosmic villains with the debut of Mongul, a new threat to plague Superman's life, in a story written by Len Wein.
- ^ The Price October 1981 Eclipse Comics at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Marvel Graphic Novel #3 (Dreadstar) 1982 Marvel Comics at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ DeFalco, Tom "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 208: "The first title produced for [the Epic Comics] line was Dreadstar, a space opera by writer/artist Jim Starlin."
- ^ Dreadstar Epic Comics series at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Dreadstar First Comics series at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 207: "This title by Jim Starlin was the first of a new series of Marvel Graphic Novels. Running between forty-eight and ninety-six pages, these paperback books were an attempt to compete with the European-style graphic albums."
- ^ DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 223: "Horrified by the plight of starving children in Africa, writer/artist Jim Starlin and illustrator Bernie Wrightson convinced Marvel to publish Heroes For Hope. It was a 'jam' book...and all of Marvel's profits were donated to famine relief in Africa."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 219: "Plotted by Jim Starlin, with dramatic designs by Bernie Wrightson...Heroes Against Hunger featured nearly every popular DC creator of the time."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 233: "Using the Cold War as their backdrop, writer Jim Starlin and artist Jim Aparo crafted the four-part storyline 'Ten Nights of the Beast'."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 234: "Writer Jim Starlin took the Dark Knight into the depths of Gotham for the four-issue prestige format Batman: The Cult...with horror artist Bernie Wrightson."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 235: "Written by Jim Starlin, with art by Jim Aparo and haunting covers by Mike Mignola, 'A Death in the Family' proved a best seller with readers in both single-issue and trade paperback form."
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 235: "Writer Jim Starlin and artist Mike Mignola teamed up for a sci-fi miniseries that spanned the [DC Universe]."
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 254: "Written by Jim Starlin, and with pencils by George Pérez and Ron Lim, The Infinity Gauntlet was born."
- ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 327: "[Mystery in Space] returned for an eight-issue run featuring Captain Comet, and was written by Jim Starlin and drawn by Shane Davis. It also contained a back-up strip starring the Weird, written and drawn by Starlin."
- ^ Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 331: "Writer and artist Jim Starlin helmed this eight-part series as a mysterious force brought destruction to the inhabitants of the Fourth World."
- ^ Ekstrom, Steve (July 31, 2008). "Jim Starlin: Hawkman - The Special and Beyond?". Newsarama. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ "Exclusive DC Preview - 'Strange Adventures #1'". Newsarama. March 4, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Shooter, Jim. "Bullpen Bulletins," Marvel comics cover-dated July 1981.
- ^ "1973 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards". Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013.
- ^ "Inkwell Awards Ambassadors"
- ^ Stan Lee and Jack Kirby's reunion for a Silver Surfer graphic novel in 1978 was published by Simon and Schuster.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jim Starlin. |
- Jim Starlin at the Comic Book DB
- Jim Starlin at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
- Jim Starlin at the Lambiek Comiclopedia
- Jim Starlin at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
- "Jim Starlin Returns to Known Space", Comic Wire, Comic Book Resources, November 16, 2000
- "The Cosmic Code Authority Speaks!", Comic Book Artist #18, TwoMorrows Publishing, April, 2002
- Jim Starlin interview, Adelaide Comics and Books (2003). WebCite archive
- Review: The Art of Jim Starlin: A Life in Words and Pictures, Comic Book Resources, November 9, 2010
- "Dreadstar December", Comics Should Be Good, Comic Book Resources, December 2010
Preceded by N/A |
Dreadstar writer/artist 1982–1989 (writer) 1982–1987 (artist) |
Succeeded by Peter David (writer) Luke McDonnell (artist) |
Preceded by Max Allan Collins |
Batman writer 1987–1989 |
Succeeded by Jim Owsley |
Preceded by Tom DeFalco & Ron Frenz |
Thor writer 1993 (with Ron Marz) |
Succeeded by Ron Marz |


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The Relationship Between pH and Nutrients in the Soil
Alysia Sorby & Kathryn Knecht
In this experiment, we tested the pH level and the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The purpose of testing these two variables was to see if they were correlated. We collected ten soil samples from ten different areas and tested them for their pH value and nitrate nitrogen level. There was a negative correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.3284). An r2 value was calculated in order to determine whether a strong or weak correlation was found. A weak correlation (r2 = 0.1078) was found between pH and nitrate nitrogen, therefore not supporting our hypothesis.
Our experiment was
based off of the cation exchange capacity of soil.
This states that if a soil is basic (has a pH
value greater than 7) it will retain positively charged nutrients and
retention will decrease leaching. For
example, ammonium (NH4+) is a positively charged
ion and
is attracted to the bases (such as
The purpose of this experiment was to test whether a correlation in pH level and nitrate nitrogen could be found. Using the information that basic soils retain positively charged nutrients and negatively charged nutrients are repelled, we hypothesized that a greater pH value will result in lower concentrations of the negatively charged ion NO3-.
samples for this experiment were collected on three different days. The first four samples were taken on October
9th, 2007 at the
• 349.2 meters
• 849.6 meters
891 meters
• 1,205.4 meters
Figure 1: UWM Field Station Bog and surrounding vegetation (Reinartz 1985)
set of
samples were taken on October 18th, 2007 at
last four
samples were taken October 19th, 2007 at the
On October 19th, 2007, we performed both a pH test and a nitrate nitrogen test. For both tests we used a soil kit called Lamotte Soil Test Kit. Within this kit, directions were provided on how to execute each test as needed. In order to determine the range of the pH, we first performed a duplex test. The range told us which chemical to use in order to obtain a specific pH value. The only two chemicals that we used to find a specific pH value were Bromothymol Blue and Phenol Red; this was due to the duplex ranges being basic. We used the universal soil extracting solution in order to obtain filtered samples of the soil for the nitrate nitrogen test. Once this was performed we used the chemicals as the directions stated to help us determine the level of nitrate nitrogen. All nitrate nitrogen was recorded as pounds per acre. Using an Excel spreadsheet, we performed a correlation test in order to determine our relationship between pH and nitrate nitrogen.
We found the relationship between the pH and nitrate nitrogen of the soils to be weakly negatively correlated (correlation coefficient = -0.3284; r2 = 0.1078; Fig. 2). For samples 3 and 9 we had a neutral pH (Table 1). Sample 1 was slightly acidic with a pH of 6.8. The rest of the samples all had a basic pH. The highest nitrate sample was 4 which had 44.83 kilograms per hectare of nitrate nitrogen. Samples 1, 3, and 9 had the second highest nitrate nitrogen reading of 22.42 kilograms per hectare. The rest of the samples were all 11.21 kilograms per hectare of nitrate nitrogen (Table 1).
Table 1: pH values and amount of nitrate nitrogen in samples 1-10
Sample |
pH |
(Kg/hectare) |
1 |
6.8 |
22.42 |
2 |
7.8 |
11.21 |
3 |
7 |
22.42 |
4 |
8.2 |
44.83 |
5 |
8.4 |
11.21 |
6 |
8.4 |
11.21 |
7 |
8.6 |
11.21 |
8 |
8.4 |
11.21 |
9 |
7 |
22.42 |
10 |
8.4 |
11.21 |
Figure 2: Relationship between pH and Nitrate nitrogen
Our hypothesis was
not supported. A correlation was found
but it was very weak. The correlation
that we found (although weak) can be explained by the cation exchange
of the soil. The majority of our soil
samples were relatively basic. The
negative bases (
Because a strong correlation was not found, other factors may have affected the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. Sample 4 had the highest amount of nitrate nitrogen (44.83 kilograms per hectare) and had a basic pH value of 8.2. The site where this sample was taken appeared to have been burned at an earlier time. When vegetation is burned, the nutrients within the vegetation are deposited back into the soil (Christensen 1973). The soil at this site may have had an abundance of nitrate because of the recent burning activity.
If we were to do this experiment differently, we would collect more soil samples because a greater sample size would give us more representative results. Our soil samples would also have a greater variety of land type. We would also use a new soil testing kit so that we could be sure that no contamination had occurred in the chemicals.
References Cited
Christensen, N. (1973). Fire and the Nitrogen
Cycle in
181, 66-68. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from JSTOR database.
Kellman, M. (1985). Nutrient Retention by Savanna Ecosystems: III. Response to
Artificial Loading, Journal of Ecology, 73, 963-972. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from JSTOR database.
Pancholy, S., Rice, E. (1972). Inhibition of Nitrification by Climax Ecosystems,
American Journal of Botany, 59, 1033-1040. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from JSTOR database.
Reinartz, J. (1985). A Guide to
the Natural History of the Cedarburg Bog Part I. The
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Field Station
Bulletin. Vol. 18. No. 2:12.


text:
MexicaEnglish language edition
Notify me if/when this item becomes available:
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Product Description
As they wandered through Mexico, the Aztec, or Mexica, as they later called themselves, searched for the sign prophesied by their God, Huitzilopochtli: an eagle, perched on a cactus, eating a snake. There, they would settle.
Many years later, in 1325, the Mexica finally found the sign they sought and settled in their home on an island in Lake Texcoco. They spent the next 200 years exporing their chosen home and building their famous capital city Tenochtitln. They built dams to channel the water around land on which they built their homes. They called the building groups that were contained within the canals Calpulli. The Calpulli formed the basis for Aztec society.
In 1521, Hernn Corts destroyed Tenochtitln: a city of 15 square kilometers that had been home to over 200,000 people. Later, Mexico City rose on these ruins. Today, there are only a few remnants of the capital city of the Mexica.
In this game, the players return to the time of the Mexica. They build districts (Calpulli) surrounded by canals, build bridges connecting the districts, and build buildings in the districts. Players score points for founding districts and, twice in the game, for the buildings they have built in the districts. The player who scores the most points will win the game.
Product Awards
Best Strategy Game Nominee (special award), 2003
Best Family Strategy Game, 2003
5th place, 2002
Product Information
Michael Kiesling ,Wolfgang Kramer Manufacturer(s):
Ravensburger Germany ,Rio Grande Games Year: 2002
Players: 2 - 4
Time: 60 - 75 minutes
Ages: 10 and up
Weight: 1,614 grams
All-Time Sales Rank: #196
Language Requirements: This is an international edition or domestic edition of an imported item. Game components are language-independent. Manufacturer's rules are printed in English.
Product Reviews
Average Rating: 4.5 in 6 reviews
I've played this as a two-player game several times and the balancing problem is not very noticeable. This review is written from the opinion of a "lite gamer".
This game is light, fast, easy to play, with high replay value. The buildings are made of durable plastic and the board is beautiful bi- fold (folds in half and then in half again). The canals are durable cardboard, as are the point tokens and bridges. The remaining scoring pieces and pawns are small cubes of wood and matching wooden pawns, respectively. Everything is sturdy and well made, except the paper on the fold of the board is already wearing after less than a dozen games.
This is one of the "don't bump it or everything gets scattered" games so if you have small children, keep it in mind. On the other hand, the plastic buildings lend themselves as natural "stacking blocks" and have occupied my young children "on the side" while I played with my husband.
After playing only a handful of times, our stragegies have evolved. Sometimes our games are serious and sometimes just plain backstabbing fun. Too much backstabbing can be hilarious or annoying depending on everyone's moods at the time.
This is my current favorite and I expect to get many more hours of fun out of Mexica.
I like this game well enough, and appreciate the mechanisms. The availability of action chips and fewer action points certainly improves the play compared to Tikal, which is more prone to drag. However, my wife disapproves of it as categorised under family strategy. Besides the fact it is easy to learn, this is actually a very competitive game, with the leadership in every district changing hands pretty often. So unless your family is competitive YET non-rancorous, I consider this game more a gamer's game.
First, let me say that I agree with Mike Sedeker's excellent description of play and the game equipment, so what I'm offering in here are just a few additiontal impressions.
The rules to Mexica are easily absorbed; as with Tikal, another Kramer/Kiesling game, a player aid explaining all the action costs and a brief explanation of how to use bridges and build/found districts, is basically all a new player needs to start.
As Mike mentioned, veteran players may instantly be reminded of Manhattan in the sense that buildings are 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-stories tall, players work from a set of available buildings in each scoring round, and control of districts is the key to scoring. I would add that the scoring will remind some of Kramer's Torres and other games such as Merchants of Amsterdam and Web of Power in that a player can still score points for being in second or third position in each district. This means that players must continually study the board and the buildings he/she and each opponent has remaining in order to not only seize upon scoring opportunites, but to deter/pre-empt opponents' attempts to alter the scoring heirarchy in each district.
The high-quality bits remind me of Big City, in that after the game is over, one's tempted to step back and behold the colorful city that's been created before taking it apart. Of the Kramer/Kielsing trilogy (Tikal, Java, and Mexica), the components in this game are the best.
I highly recommend this game as both a family game and a challenging strategy game.
Show all 6 reviews >


text:
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Mom's Easy Enchiladas!
What you'll need
- 3 tablespoon of EVOO
- 1 head of garlic
- half of one red onion
- 1 lb shredded chicken
- 1 can of tomato sauce
- 1 can enchilada sauce
- handful of olives
- 1 cup red and green bell peppers
- pinch of black pepper
- 3 eggs
- 1 cup mexican blend shredded cheese
- flour tortilla
Since the enchiladas and hearty, try having it with a side salad instead of rice! Add a dollop of sour cream and avocados for extra deliciousness... NOM NOM NOM!!!!
Disclaimer: This isn't an authentic enchilada recipe. This is the EASY RECIPE!
Watch the video tutorial here!
10 comments:
these look absolutely awesome!! sooo going to try these... thanks so much to you and your mum for the recipe =)
www.pebbzblog.blogspot.com- AnonymousOctober 29, 2011 at 1:24 PM
I'm trying to convince my mom to help me make it some night, but she's too picky. :/
ReplyDelete - AnonymousFebruary 19, 2012 at 2:09 PM
Thank you to you and your mom! I just made this for my family and it came out great! It's a winner!
Long time subscriber - - Mia (mialatina)
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Hampshire Jobs
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text:
1-800-585-6781 Toll Free
606-783-2039 Telephone
606-783-5061 Graduate Fax
For inquiries regarding admission to Graduate School:
For all other inquiries:
Morehead State University701 Ginger HallMorehead, KY 40351
Request FREE information on any of our programs. Just fill out the form below and submit, and we'll send you admission and program information as well as tuition costs for graduate school.
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Have you previously completed a program with MSU? Yes No
Please select from our degree programs:
(Select) Ed.D - Adult & Higher Education Leadership Ed.D - P-12 Administrative Leadership Ed.D. - Educational Technology Leadership Master of Arts in Adult & Higher Education Master of Arts in Art Master of Arts in Communication Master of Arts in Counseling Master of Arts in English Master of Arts in Government Master of Arts in Social Sciences Master of Arts in Sociology Master of Arts in Sport Management Master of Arts in Education - Educational Technology Master of Arts in Education - Teacher Leader Master of Arts in Teaching - IECE Master of Arts in Teaching - Middle Grades 5-9 Master of Arts in Teaching - Secondary 8-12 Master of Arts in Wellness Promotion Master of Business Administration Master of Music Master of Public Administration Master of Science in Biology Master of Science in Career & Technical Education Master of Science in Engineering & Technology Management Master of Science in Management Information Systems Master of Science in Psychology Master of Science in Space Systems Eng. Education Specialist Degree in Adult & Higher Education Education Specialist Degree in Counseling Education Specialist Degree in Counseling (LPC) Education Specialist Degree in Curriculum & Instruction Education Specialist Degree in Instructional Leadership
(Select) Rank I - Career & Technical Education Rank I - Counseling Rank I - Educational Technology End. Rank I - Elementary Education Rank I - Industrial Education/Technology Rank I - Pedagogy Rank I - Gifted Students P-12 End. Rank I - Literacy Specialist End. Rank I - TESOL P-12 End. Certification - Business & Marketing Education Certification - CTE Principal AGR. Certification - CTE Principal IET Certification - Director of Special Education Level I Certification - Director of Special Education Level II Certification - English as a Second Language Certification - Environmental Education Certification - French Certification - Health Certification - Health Systems Leadership Certification - Health Systems Management Certification - Instructional Computer Technology Certification - Learning & Behavior Disorders (LBD) P-12 Certification - LBD for those who have MSD Certification - Middle Grades English Language Arts Certification - Middle Grades Math Certification - Middle Grades Science Certification - Middle Grades Social Studies Certification - Moderate & Severe Disabilities P-12 Certification - MSD for those who have LBD Certification - Physical Education Certification - Secondary Biology Certification - Secondary Chemistry Certification - Secondary Earth Science Certification - Secondary English Certification - Secondary Math Certification - Secondary Physics Certification - Secondary Social Studies Certification - Spanish Certification - Director of Pupil Personnel Level I Certification - Director of Pupil Personnel Level II Certification - Counseling P-12 Certification - K-12 Principal Level I Certification - K-12 Principal Level II School Superintendent Certification - Supervisor of Instruction Level II Certification - Special Education LBD Certification - Special Education MSD
"As a graduate student at Morehead State University, one thing that has been really important to me is the accessibility of having all of my classes online because I am able to work and be a graduate student. The classes and professors are challenging and really push to increase the knowledge of their students and are willing to help you and communicate well with you."
© Copyright 2014 Morehead State University - 150 University Blvd. Morehead, KY 40351 • 1.800.585.6781 MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution.


text:
Doug Hutchinson, 51-Year-Old Actor, Marries 16-Year-Old Beauty Pageant Contestant: They Plan to Live in L.A.
Hutchinson and Stodden.
E! Online
From the Creep File comes the story of 51-year-old Green Mile actor Doug Hutchison, who reportedly married his 16-year-old victim sweetheart, beauty contestant and aspiring country singer Courtney Stodden.
We were double checking the calendar to make sure it wasn't April 1. And no, the story didn't come from ChristWire (unfortunately).
No, folks, this shit is real:
E! Online has been all over the story and assures us that the underage teen looks years older.
And the site even checked in with the experts who say the Vegas wedding of the two, who will live in the Hollywood Hills, was legit because her mom signed off on it. (Or maybe not, because her apparently AWOL dad did not).
If we were Stodden's dad there would be a shotgun, but not a wedding.
Alas, Hutchison is still alive, and friends of the two gave up the old they're-very-much-in-love quotes. Really.
However creepy Hugh Hefner's serial boning (and marrying) of bunnies one-fourth his age, at least ... at least! ... they're friggin' legal.
Which brings us to the question E! Online dared not ask its legal experts: Is it legal for these two to have sex? Not according our reading of the law: It would still be statutory rape.
So, yeah. Perfectly healthy, perfectly normal.
Sponsor Content


text:
City of license | Como, Mississippi |
Broadcast area | Memphis metropolitan area |
Branding | Soul Classics 103.5 |
Slogan | "#1 for Old School" |
Frequency | 103.5 MHz |
Format | Gold-based Urban Adult Contemporary |
ERP | 100,000 watts |
HAAT | 179 meters |
Class | C1 |
Facility ID | 7075 |
Callsign meaning | R&B Oldies |
Owner | Cumulus Media |
Sister stations | WGKX, WKIM, WXMX |
Webcast | Listen Live |
Website | soulclassics.com |
WRBO (103.5 FM, "Soul Classics 103.5") is a radio station serving the Memphis, Tennessee metropolitan area with an Gold-based Urban Adult Contemporary format. It is under ownership of Cumulus Media. The station's studios are located at the Memphis Radio Group building in East Memphis, and the transmitter site is east of Hernando, Mississippi.
Originally a Urban Oldies outlet, WRBO began phasing in Adult R&B currents by 2011 but continue to play Old School and R&B classics.
The station currently airs the syndicated Steve Harvey Morning Show and Love, Lust and Lies with Michael Baisden. Its main competitor is KJMS, whose Urban AC direction reflects more currents. Because of this shift to Urban AC, Mediabase added WRBO to its Urban AC reporting panel in March 2012.[1]
WRBO was the radio flagship station for Memphis Grizzlies (National Basketball Association) games prior to the 2011 season.
- ^ "Mediabase Makes Panel Changes" from All Access (March 9, 2012)
External links[edit]
- Soul Classics official website
- Query the FCC's FM station database for WRBO
- Radio-Locator information on WRBO
- Query Nielsen Audio's FM station database for WRBO
Coordinates: 34°51′43″N 89°52′41″W / 34.862°N 89.878°W
This article about a radio station in Mississippi is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


text:
Clinical outcome after laparoscopic adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism: the role of pathology. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 20083287 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
BACKGROUND: Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is potentially curable by laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy (LUA). Pre-operative assessment rarely differentiates adrenal adenoma from hyperplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the results of LUA for PHA according to pathologic findings when an adrenal mass was identified unequivocally on a CT scan. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of LUA for PHA from July 1997 to May 2008 was performed. The minimal follow-up was 6 months. We considered hypertension to be cured in patients with normal blood pressure without antihypertensive medication (AM). Improvement was defined by a decrease of AM. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included. Thirty-six patients (63%) had an adrenal adenoma and 21 (37%) a hyperplasia. The median follow-up was 6.4 years. Hypokalemia was cured in all patients, 33 patients (58%) were cured of their hypertension, and 23 (96% of the 24 noncured patients) were improved with a reduction of the number of AM. Predictive factors for a cure were: gender, age, BMI, duration of hypertension, number of pre-operative AMs, pre-operative arterial systolic blood pressure, creatinin and plasma renin activity. Postoperative predictive factors were pathology, size of the mass, and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures. In the multivariate analysis the only remaining factor was pathology. CONCLUSION: LUA for PHA cured all patients from their hypokalemia and cured or improved hypertension in 98%. Pre-operative diagnosis of adenoma or hyperplasia is not mandatory but it is important to warn patients that hypertension can persist after adrenalectomy, especially in case of adrenal hyperplasia, although this hypertension is easier to control. |
Christophe Trésallet; Harika Salepçioglu; Gaëlle Godiris-Petit; Catherine Hoang; Xavier Girerd; Fabrice Menegaux |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article Date: 2010-01-18 |
Journal Detail:
Title: Surgery Volume: 148 ISSN: 1532-7361 ISO Abbreviation: Surgery Publication Date: 2010 Jul |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 2010-06-15 Completed Date: 2010-07-01 Revised Date: 2011-07-18 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 0417347 Medline TA: Surgery Country: United States |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 129-34 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Copyright Information:
Copyright 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. |
Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Paris, France. email@example.com |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Adrenalectomy* Adult Aldosterone / blood Blood Pressure Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Hyperaldosteronism / pathology, physiopathology, surgery* Laparoscopy* Male Middle Aged Renin / blood Retrospective Studies Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
52-39-1/Aldosterone; EC 184.108.40.206/Renin |
Comments/Corrections | |
Comment In:
Surgery. 2011 Jun;149(6):852
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Happy Birthday Wil! Someday Aeofel will get vengeance!
And I am having the best birthday, ever! Thank you to everyone who has wished me happy birthday on the Twitters, and if July 29th is your birthday too, happy birthday to you! (Image by Chuck Gamble, found at WIRED's GeekDad blog.)


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Modified Mustangs & Fords
How To DrivetrainAN-Style Hoses for Ford Mustangs - Don't Get Hosed
Proper assembly techniques for AN-style hoses will prevent disaster
Stainless Braid Rubber Hose
Moving on to the more traditional stainless braid style of AN hose you'll see there are a few more steps involved in making a complete hose assembly. The stainless braid itself makes the hose assembly a bit trickier, but the stainless braid look is what most people want, plus the braid is what protects the hose and gives the hose its strength. Traditional stainless braid is the most common, but we're seeing some hose companies offer a dark gray or black stainless covering now as well if you're looking for something a bit on the modern or OE side for a late-model engine swap for example. You'll find the broadest applications for fuel, oil, and more in the stainless braid hose, as well as the largest offerings in dash sizes too.
PTFE Lined AN Hose
For high pressure applications (or if you're looking to save weight for some compatible fluid line runs), a PTFE (Teflon) hose with stainless braid is the answer. This hose is a little different in its assembly and we feel it can be the trickiest of the three AN hose types discussed here. The PTFE hose requires a special three-piece fitting (standard AN hose fittings are just two). The three piece fitting is used to give the PTFE hose the support it needs to seal at the fitting. The thin, flexible tubing otherwise would not seal (similar to a compression fitting for the plastic or copper tubing used on the water line for your refrigerator).
AN Fitting Specifications
While the complete range of AN fittings is from -2 to -32, the most commonly used sizes for automotive use are -3 to -24. Generally you will find -3 used for brake hoses, -4 used for nitrous system lines; and -6, -8, and -10 are most commonly found in fuel systems. The larger AN sizes are often only found in cooling system hoses and can be quite expensive by the foot, not to mention the cost of having the radiator, water pump and heater inlet/outlet converted to AN thread via adapters or welding new fittings in place.
AN Size | Tube OD/Hose ID | Thread Size | Pipe Thread Size | Std. Wrench Size |
-3 | 3⁄16-inch | 3⁄8-24 SAE | 1⁄8-27 NPT | N/A |
-4 | ¼-inch | 7⁄16-20 SAE | ¼-18 NPT | 9⁄16-inch |
-6 | 3⁄8-inch | 9⁄16-18 SAE | 3⁄8-18 NPT | 11⁄16-inch |
-8 | ½-inch | ¾-16 SAE | ½-14 NPT | 7⁄8-inch |
-10 | 5⁄8-inch | 7⁄8-14 SAE | N/A | 1-inch |
-12 | ¾-inch | 11⁄16-12 SAE | ¾-14 | 1¼-inch |
-16 | 1-inch | 15⁄16-12 SAE | N/A | 1½-inch |
-20 | 1¼-inch | 15⁄8-12 SAE | N/A | N/A |
-24 | 1½-inch | 17⁄8-12 SAE | N/A | N/A |
Stop Poking Your Fingers
One of the most aggravating parts of AN hose assembly is trying to insert the freshly cut end of a stainless braid hose into the AN fitting's socket. More often than not blood is drawn as the hose slips around on the inlet of the socket and the individual stainless wires poke your fingertips. It's not a pleasant feeling; one that we can attest to having endured dozens of times over the years making AN hoses for various project cars. Now you can put the box of Band-Aids away thanks to the invention of Koul Tools. With the Koul Tool, you simply insert the AN fitting's socket into the tool, place the tool into your vice, and push the AN hose into the end of the tool. The tool's funnel like action helps direct the hose's stainless braid into the socket with ease, and best of all, not a drop of blood or a single curse word will ensue! Koul Tools are available for all popular sizes of AN hoses used in automotive projects and the company's latest tool, the EZ-ON hose press, is designed to help assemble push-on style hose without any fuss, too. You can find Koul Tools at Summit Racing, along with AN wrenches and all manner of AN hose and fittings.
Tricks and Tips of AN Hose Assembly
Now that you've gone through our complete guide on assembling AN hoses and fittings, you're probably itching to head out to the garage and try building a hose for yourself. Well, hold on a minute there sparky; we've got a few more tips to make sure everything goes smoothly for you and your hose building adventures.
You get what you pay for with AN hardware. Stick with known products and don't buy farm-quality stuff at the flea market.
Stick to one brand. Not all brands are the same, and while they all transfer fluids well, fitting sizes, fitting-to-hose compatibility, and even colors (one company's black is not the same as another company's black) can differ. Find a company with the fittings you need in the color you want and stick with them for your project.
Keep your fluid flow routing as gentle as possible. A twisting, turning path of 90- and 180-degree fittings is going to cause restriction and generate heat in your fluid transfer. Use as many straight fittings as you can and gentle hose bends.
Use you vice (you do have a vice in your shop right?) with a set of soft jaw vice inserts (pictured here) to protect and secure your fittings during assembly.
AN fittings are reusable, but PTFE hose fittings should be reassembled with a new olive.
AN sealing washers are available to help seal fittings to adapters when quality or brand differences cause minor leaks.
AN hose with stainless braid can cause surface damage if not secured, including cutting through wiring and hoses. Always use clamps and high-strength tie wraps to secure your hose runs or cover the braid with anti-chafe covering.
When choosing the proper AN hose you need to determine pressure, temperature range, and fluid compatibility— carbureted line pressure is much different than EFI line pressure, for example. If in doubt, ask the manufacturer.
Hose assembly routing/design should always take into consideration that the hose must not be kinked, twisted, or have an excessive bend radius once installed.
Lubricate all end fitting and adapter threads before installation; do not thread dry aluminum parts together.
Attach one end of the hose and just snug the end fitting, this allows the opposite end to be threaded and the hose to rotate for the best routing and to prevent twisting. Tighten both ends only after the hose is properly oriented.
Flush all hose assemblies after installing end fittings and blow out with compressed air. If the line is for a high-pressure application, we suggest having the assembled hose pressure tested at your nearest hose crimping/hydraulic outlet.


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Mother-in-law's-tongue ( S. trifasciata variety laurentii) is a popular houseplant because of its yellow-striped leaves. It has tiny pale-green, scented flowers. The species commonly called snake plant ( S. thyrsiflora) has leaves with light-green bands and yellow edges, and the greenish-white, fragrant flowers are borne in a tall cluster.


text:
Mount Yale (14,042 feet), "Mascot Peak" (13,435 feet)
Class 2 with some bushwhacking
Distance (round-trip): abt 10 miles
Elevation Gain: abt 4,600 feet
Introduction: I had heard that you can see 30 other 14ers from the summit of Mount Yale, and that alone was enough reason for me to do this hike. On top of that I wanted to try another mountain in the Sawatch Range, as I was drawn to its beauty and pristine-ness.
5:34- I started up the Colorado Trail from the Avalanche Gulch Trailhead. This was my first time on the Colorado Trail, and my first time entering the Collegiate Peaks Wilderness. I walked through a very pretty area covered with wild-flowers, aspens, and a couple small rivulets of water. After this I had to ascend a large grassy hill, with an abundance of rather steep switch-backs which helped me quickly gain 800 feet. The climb was barely beginning at this point, however.
Re-entering the tree-line at the 'top' of the hill, I continued uphill on the steep but well-maintained Colorado Trail, crossing to and fro over a series of small spurs and draws. It was a pleasant hike through a heavily-timbered conifer forest. I could see evidence of a fire some time ago, however, that charred many of the trees in the area. Also the ground was littered with dead trunks which had been. . . downed in an avalanche, perhaps?
And on it went, for three and a half miles total, till I reached a saddle at timberline, at 11,900 feet in elevation. There was a tent here, with evidence of occupants but nobody stirring.
7:28- At the saddle, I turned left (west) onto the trail leading to Mount Yale. This is where the hike got a little more interesting.
Mount Princeton (to the southwest) was immense and amazing to view as I walked along the east ridge leading to twin 13,420-foot summits. This trail ascended slowly across a large green saddle, with good views to the north and south. Looking back toward the west I could see a hiker in the distance descending the ridge from Point 12,505. I assume that person was a resident of the tent I saw on the saddle, but I would not see the hiker again.
As I continued uphill, the trail became steeper and it seemed the farther I went, the less I felt like I was getting anywhere. The ridge-line kept interchanging between steep, rocky, rough areas and shallow, green "mini saddles," and I was constantly gaining more and more elevation.
9:06- I got my first real view of Yale as I rounded the pair of 13,420-foot summits. I went down over some more rocks to the next broad green saddle, then started up some more rocks toward the summit of Mount Yale. Many more rocks, in fact.
This climb was pretty much a continuation of what I had been doing since leaving the Colorado Trail. However, I had to traverse a few steep 'false summits' before the actual top of Mount Yale came into view. By then it was just a 'hop skip and a jump' away.
10:10- I crested the summit of Mount Yale, at 14,196 feet. The view was indeed spectacular, but something that also impressed me was how wonderful the weather was at the summit! It was sunny and warm, with not even a breath of wind! It felt great to just sit there and soak in the scenery.
The solitude was also nice, but it lasted literally only about two minutes before I saw the first hiker cresting the hill to my west. He had come up via the standard southwest slopes route from Denny Gulch Trailhead. Behind him were dozens of other hikers, who began reaching the summit shortly after he came to meet me.
10:42- I had taken my fill of pictures and seen my fill of people, and was ready to leave the summit. However, not wanting my hike to quite be over, I decided to descend the south slopes of Yale and make my way to the impressive-looking ridge of "Mascot Peak." This descent was a lot further than I anticipated, and it was down rough, steep and slippery scree most of the way to the saddle between Yale and Mascot.
The ridge of Mascot Peak provides an interesting and worthwhile, though often-overlooked climb. It is not a hard climb, but there are an array of natural and scenic towers and steep slopes of rock surrounding you on this fun climb. I much enjoyed it.
11:33- I reached the 13,435-foot summit of "Mascot Peak," where I had impressive views of both Mount Princeton, to the southeast, and Mount Yale, right in front of me to the north. I sat there to rest and take some pictures for about 15 minutes, and then I had the task of finding my way out.
Not feeling at all like ascending Mount Yale's steep and daunting south slopes, I decided instead to head downhill after returning to the saddle. Roach recommended this as an alternative route, so I expected there would be a trail in Avalanche Gulch that I could follow. At least a faint trail! However, there was not. Instead I was first greeted by a very steep slope that I had to basically slide down till I got to a point where the ground evened out a bit more. Here there were large boulders lying around, and below them I came into a large area of shrubbery that I had a bit of trouble finding an easy way through.
Finally I headed into the timber, where I followed game trails and tiny streams of water to avoid the large dead-falls lying around everywhere. Eventually I came into more open forest, and just continued walking due east. I started to get to some more hilly terrain and wondered if maybe I was getting off-track.
1:24- Just as I was about to reach in my pack for my GPS, a crevice in the hill in front of me caught my eye, and upon closer inspection I realized it was indeed the Colorado Trail! I hurried over to it, completing my 'loop,' and then followed it steeply downhill the rest of the way out to my jeep.
2:06- The air was very hot as I made it back to my jeep. I was about as exhausted as I have felt on any hike recently, but content in that I had met my day's goals. Now for the drive home. . .
Conclusion: Gerry Roach marks this hike as one of his "classic"s. He lauds it especially for its solitude, which I can definitely echo after having the trail all to myself on a Saturday in mid-July! Granted, this route up Mount Yale is a good bit longer than it's standard southwest route, but I'm sure it was no less scenic! That, after all, is why I go hiking in the first place: to enjoy God's Great Outdoors, and the solitude that comes with it!


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25th March 2008, 07:29 AM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2008
Amp Chasis/Enclosures and Heatsinks
I believe that most of the DIY Audio members had built a good sounding amplifiers. I'm just wondering where they bought their hardwares (Amp Chasis/enclosure & heatsinks) for their amps. I built a couple of DIY amplifiers and I've been looking on the internet for these hardwares, that is available in the US, but I have no luck. I found one in the internet but the store is located in Taipe Taiwan. Here's the link,
http://www.thlaudio.com/indexE.htm A lot of choices and really nice looking chasis. The only problem is there's no prices posted but I'm sure it's pricy plus the shipping and handling, which will cost more money because of the weight. I haven't tried inquiring but I might try if I get a chance. This is the reason why I'm asking if anybody knows of a store here in the US that sell these hardwares' which might be cheaper than buying it from other countries. Would somebody has a recommendation? |
25th March 2008, 12:30 PM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Well, you are in Cali which is the bone-yard of used equipment -- you can quite often purchase a used Crown, SAE, Phase Linear amp used by some stoner-guitarist, gut the thing and you have a half decent chasis and power transformer. All you need is some sand paper and auto primer to get first rate stuff.
Also -- in the test equipment and medical equipment sections of EBay you have perfectly good cabinets and chasis for stuff made by defense contractors -- these are often "one-off" so there is no residual value save that of the aluminum. I have a couple of pieces of AIL equipment from their time on Long Island -- bought for next to nothing -- and it is better quality than anything you're gonna find in some distributor's catalog. |
25th March 2008, 01:11 PM | #3 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
You might as well take a look at the Front Panel Express. You can get chassis there, too. But no heatsinks.
26th March 2008, 02:08 AM | #4 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
26th March 2008, 07:43 AM | #5 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2008
Thanks for your suggestion Jackinnj, I did found some but its mangled and dented. Painting it will be a good idea but still it won't look nice, unless it cure with an automotive putty. I will probably try ebay as you suggested and see what I can find. Where do you buy your heatsinks by the way?
Moter, I already visited that site and I was planning to customize my front panel with an nice looking design and logo on it, once I get the chasis that I want to have the panel hooked up. Thanks. I'll look up on tha eshop link. Are they selling chasis too? |
26th March 2008, 12:21 PM | #6 | |
diyAudio Member
In your neck of the woods check out Apex JR -- they have a warehouse in La Crescenta, near Burbank: http://www.apexjr.com/Sinks.htm |
26th March 2008, 11:00 PM | #7 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
DIY club has several very nice boxes. Steel ones are around $50 - big power amp box is ~100, and some very nice aluminium ones are 150. Shipping to Australia by air is ~40 for pre-amp steel boxes, for big steel one is ~100.
They come with all connectors but these are not realy good quality. Also rear panel is pre drilled and front panels have minimalistic features and some of them are blank or just with a power switch hole. They also include knobs and an Alps push-on power sitch. They are very reliable bunch of guys. I had three orders so far and all of them were delivered very fast and without any problems. |
26th March 2008, 11:08 PM | #8 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
ALso the boxes from thl audio are not expensive for the quality. Here are some of the quotes that I got of them:
1x PRAL-2 AL chasis, nt$2500/pc 1x PWAD-A40 Alum. Chassis for power amp, NT$3900/pc shipping to Australia: by EMS for PRAL-2 at NT$1130 also ems for PWAD-A40 at NT$1480 prices are in New Taiwan dollars 1USD=30NT$ so the price for A40 is $US180 with shipping. |
27th March 2008, 04:35 AM | #9 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2008
Thanks Jack for the info. La Cresenta is not that far from me, I'll try to visit Apex warehouse one of these days but appointment is needed, since it's a one man operation. There are also some good stuff that are on sale. I probably need the heatsinks for testing only. I still consider buying a chasis with builtin heatsink because its easier to work on and I can customize the front and back panel. I'm talking about the chasis without the predrilled holes.
DECK999, I visited the eshop.diyclub website that you suggested and it took a while to open the page. The website was very slow but I think they have good chasis in there too. I just didn't take my time looking for more because I'm so impatient. I took a snapshot of one of the chasis and I think it's for a preamp. See attached. Is this a Honkong based store? I think there's a difference on the quotation they gave you at THL compared to what they emailed me on the first item. PWAD-A40 Alum. Chassis for power amp. ......NT$4300/pc ..US $143.00 PRAL-1mo Pre-Amp Alum chassis case(modified 1 unit size) ....NT$2500/pc ....US $83. 00 PWAD-A40HS Alum. Alloy Heat Sink ......NT$900/pc ... $30.00 PWAD-01 Case for transistor power Amplifier....NT$5400/pc ...$180.00 The prices seems okay and I won't argue with it. I'm not sure if the shipping and handling would be the same for USA. Do you think this applies to all countries? or it depends on the distance from where to be shipped? What is EMS? Is this like UPS or Fedex? |
27th March 2008, 07:53 AM | #10 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2008
I've built chassis out of old PC cases. The steel is just the right thickness and comes already painted. California has probably a million of these going into lanfills every day and if you're even anywhere near Silicon Valley, a quick dumpster dive in any industrial park will get you enough sheet metal to build a lifetime's worth of amps for free. Heck - you'd probably score enough resellable stuff to pay for all the amps you'll ever build in one night of diving.
I miss living there. Cheers, - JJ |
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While you may access any page of the Polk County website using the menu choices to the left, the following are links to the most common pages of interest for our residents. Please click on one of the following links for more information:
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Phone - 770-684-8760 Website - www.polkgeorgia.com
Rockmart office (Business office) - 133 South Marble Street, Rockmart, GA 30153
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Utilities Information Below Electricity Georgia Power Company 315 S.Second Street Cedartown, GA 30125 888-660-5890 202 N. Marble Street Rockmart, GA 30153 888-660-5890 Water Cedartown Water Department 201 East Avenue Cedartown, GA 30125 770-748-3220 Rockmart Water Department 316 N. Piedmont Ave. Rockmart, GA 30153 770-684-5454 Polk County Water Authority 1381 Rockmart Highway Cedartown, GA 30125 770-748-6001 Gas Natural Gas Consult an individual carrier Propane Gas - Blossman Gas, Inc. 3918 Rockmart Highway Rockmart, GA 30153 770-684-7382 Driver's License Dept. of Driver Services 1626 Rockmart Highway Cedartown, GA 30125 678-413-8400 Hospitals Polk Medical Center 424 N. Main Street Cedartown, GA 30125 770-748-2500 Floyd Medical Center 304 Turner McCall Blvd. Rome, GA 30161 706-802-2000 Redmond Regional Med. Ctr. 501 Redmond Road Rome, GA 30165 706-291-0291
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Did you hear? We have a really big sale going on. Everything in-stock is on sale at least 10% off our already low holiday prices. What that means is that we have some of the most competitive prices in the USA on Burgundy. Especially red Burgundy from the highly acclaimed 2009 vintage. Over the past few months we have done our best to put our best price forward across the board at Zachys. Making our price just one price and the best that we could make it. Yes we made sure that we would still have specials and sale prices from time to time on certain wines but for the most part we repriced our entire Burgundy selections to make them the most competitive and to the market as possible. That leads me to the fact starting yesterday Andrew and Don have taken these already low holiday prices and cut them even more by at least 10% off!!! That means when it comes to 2009 Red Burgundy that we have some of the BEST PRICES IN THE USA right now on Zachys.com. In fact, there are over 50 wines in the downloadable pdf where we could not find a better price on wine-searcher.com. If you are a Burgundy fan you must look at the downloadable pdf!!! There are almost 200 wines that are now priced under the average bottle price on wine-searcher.com with as I have just said over 50 wines that are the BEST PRICES IN THE USA. This list includes some of the biggest names in Burgundy today: Michel Lafarge, Bruno Clair, Domaine Ponsot, Joseph Drouhin, Perrot-Minot, Domaine Louis Jadot, Meo-Camuzet, La Pousse d'Or, Emmanuel Rouget, Mugneret-Gibourg, Denis Bachelet, Georges Roumier, Robert Chevillon, Comte Armand, Simon Bize, Marquis d'Angerville, Domaine Leroy and more!!! This offer is the real deal. You need to review the downloadable pdf and head straight to zachys.com immediately or contact us at email@example.com / 1.800.723.0241. Stocks are limited and all wines listed are in-stock now and ready to ship. With almost 200 wines below the national average price per bottle the savings and selection is huge. Chin, Chin, Jeremy
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Indie game Voxatron sees a Humble Debut For this occasion, the organizers of the Humble Indie Bundle have dropped the "bundle" shtick -- at least for the time being -- to bring us the Humble Voxatron Debut. Similar to past promotions, this new game is DRM-free, cross-platform, and you get to name the price. Suhweet. Your purchase isn't for a finished product; rather, you're getting future content updates, as they come out, for free. Not everyone is cool with this approach, but I'm quite fond of it myself. I'm also into voxel-based games inspired by Robotron. What else might be in store, given that this is a two-week sale? Comments not appearing? Anti-virus apps like Avast or some browser extensions can cause this. Easy fix: Add [*].disqus.com to your software's white list. Tada! Happy comments time again.
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UPDATE: Victim named after teens clash on Comstock Road
A teenager is dead and another suffered minor injuries following a stabbing near the 6400 block of Comstock Road Saturday night.
Richmond Mounties were called to the scene around 7:30 p.m., a block south of Granville Avenue, between Gilbert and No. 2 roads.
David Lee, 18, was rushed to hospital in serious condition, and later died. Lee has no criminal record.
The second victim, also male, suffered minor injuries from a fall. (Richmond RCMP originally reported this as a double stabbing, but that's now been corrected by homicide investigators.)
According to a neighbour, police told them two groups of teenagers were involved in an altercation.
"The Integrated Homicide Investigation Team continues to look into the motive for this homicide. There have been no arrests or charges to date and the connections between the victim and suspect are not known," said Staff. Sgt. Jennifer Pound.
Police canvassed the area for witnesses, and asked nearby residents for security camera footage.
The investigation was focused on two locations, the primary one being on the street in front of a home on the 6400 block of Comstock, where a car sat in the middle of the road, with some plastic tarps sitting alongside it, perhaps to protect evidence from the inclement weather.
The other crime scene was at the western end of Mang Road, where it intersects with Grandy Road.
Investigators canvassed area homes for witnesses and sought security camera footage that might shed light on what happened.
One area resident recalled seeing an ambulance come down the street and wind up at the western end of Mang Road, some time after dinner.
Anyone with information about the incident is asked to call the Integrated Homicide Investigation Team at 1-877-551-4448.
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Photos of Tim Hamilton Spring 2011 Collection Lookbook
A Look at Tim Hamilton's Artfully Minimal Spring 2011 Lookbook
by Chi Chau
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A Look at Tim Hamilton's Artfully Minimal Spring 2011 Lookbook
>> Tim Hamilton took a minimally modern approach to his third women's collection, for Spring 2011. Inspired by artist Michaël Borremans, the designer created pieces like coats sans lapels, tailored pencil skirts, and dresses with asymmetrical hemlines made out of silk and nylon. Peruse the slideshow for more austere, yet smooth Spring offerings from Hamilton.
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IDC on 2007 Sales: Nikon, Sony Gain in dSLRs; Samsung Up, Kodak Holds On in Digicams
By Mike Pasini, The Imaging Resource
(Monday, April 7, 2008 - 17:47 EDT)
Canon still first in dSLR sales, a market that keeps expanding....
IDC has recently released its latest report on worldwide digital camera sales in 2007 titled
2007 Worldwide Digital Camera Market Share Review
(IDC #211642). Below are some highlights:
• Global shipments of digital still cameras including dSLRs reached 131 million units in 2007, driven by strong dSLR shipments and strong growth in the U.S., Eastern Europe, parts of Asia and Latin America. This represents a 24 percent growth rate, stronger than the 15 percent growth experienced in 2006.
• dSLR growth reached 41 percent as shipments climbed to 7.5 million units. Canon was again number 1 with share of 43 percent, yet lost another 4 points on top of the 5 points the firm lost in 2005. Nikon was second with share of 40 percent, gaining 7 points from 2005. Sony again placed third, with a share of 6 percent, unchanged from 2005. Olympus, despite having a broader product lineup, failed to make it out of 4th place with a share of 6 percent, just behind Sony.
• Sony continued to make inroads after bottoming out in 2005 and saw its total digital camera share maintained at 16 percent, on shipments of 20.1 million units. Kodak had a strong showing in 2007, maintaining its third place ranking and despite the onslaught from Samsung, which came in fourth with 10 percent share on shipments of 12.6 million units.
• The big winner for 2007 was Samsung, which was able to move solidly into the top tier of the market, with stunning success in Western Europe, Asia Pacific and parts of ROW, most notably Eastern Europe.
Nikon also deserves special mention here. While the Coolpix compact business suffered setbacks, Nikon's dSLR efforts amounted in a serious challenge to Canon, resting on the back of compelling SKUs like the D40x and D300 and supplanting Canon at the number one position in their domestic market (Japan).
While Canon managed to retain its leading global position, its 2007 growth rates in Western Europe, Japan and Asia Pacific were in the single digit, compared to other top-tier vendors in those respective regions. Part of the issue is an increase in competition from Nikon in the dSLR space, but the larger issue rests on repeat buyers looking for more camera at less of a price in years' past. While Canon aims to maintain a higher ASP in the compact category, we saw this erode in 2007 as some models were reduced by up to $100 from their MAP pricing by the end of the year.
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Savers suffer a torrid year as rates dive - so what does 2013 hold and will rates recover?
Savers have endured a torrid 2012. The Funding for Lending scheme has played havoc with savings rates while the Bank of England base rate has been locked down at a tiny 0.5 per cent since March 2009.
The interest on savings is closely aligned with the Bank of England's base rate. Economists don't think it'll rise until at least 2014, with some predicting it won't happen until 2016 [Read more base rate predictions]. So at least another year of paltry returns that struggle to maintain the spending power of savers' money awaits.
Low returns wouldn't be such a huge downer if it weren't for the enormous elephant in the room - inflation.
Eventful year: Savings rates have fallen - hit especially hard by the Funding for Lending scheme
Last autumn, inflation on the consumer prices index hit 5.2 per cent. [Calculator: How inflation eats savings]
The good news is the pace has slackened this year. CPI for November now stands at 2.7 per cent and RPI at three per cent.
However, the inflation fallback eases pressure on the Bank of England to hike the base rate from 0.5 per cent. Until that happens, savers' cash will struggle to grow in real terms.
Basic rate tax payers need an account to pay at least 3.39 per cent to make any money in real terms, which is a tough task at the moment - and for higher rate tax payers that rises to 4.51 per cent, an impossible task.
This means there is barely even a fixed rate bond that can earn basic rate savers a real return. The exceptions are not orthodox accounts and do not feature in some best-buy tables, like This is Money's. The High Street offerings have seemingly disappeared.
At the same, the Government's £80billion Funding for Lending scheme – launched in August - has hit savers with a double whammy. Traditionally, banks have had to pay for mortgages by taking cash from savers.
But because the money made available from the Bank of England is cheaper than the rates banks would have to offer on savings accounts, they have been deserting helpless savers.
It has created a race to the bottom — with no organisation wanting to have the best deal because it means they are paying more in interest than they need. As a result, some banks have slashed the rates they offer by up to five times in the past three months.
Savers' cheer may be in short supply in 2013
Most of 2012 has made awfully grim reading on the savings pages of This is Money. We seriously hope to bring some cheer in the New Year – but with rates continuing to tumble, it may be a stretch.
Fixed-rates, for example, have hit an all-time low. The average one-year fixed savings bond paid 2.73 per cent last December, but this has fallen to just 2.18 per cent today.
Two-year rates meanwhile have fallen even harder: last December, the average account paid 3.32 per cent, while today the figure is 2.49 per cent, according to data from comparison website Moneyfacts.co.uk.
Easy-access deals have also suffered. Back in September, it was possible to grab a three per cent rate. Now, just three months later, the top paying deal on the This is Money savings table is a paltry 2.35 per cent.
Savers are also facing up to a limited number of offers. In January 2012, there were 2,389 different savings accounts available. This has fallen by 351 products to 2,038 today, with 191 - more than half - withdrawn last month.
Research also showed the number of savings accounts paying above the Bank of England base rate of 0.5 per cent fell by 304 accounts.
Fixed-rate: Savers who want to lock their cash away for a certain period of time to get a better rate have seen a dramatic plunge in rates
What can we expect for 2013?
At the moment, it is hard to see how savings rates will rise – banks have access to cheap money which is great for those looking to take out mortgages, but not so great for those looking for a place to stick their cash away.
Sylvia Waycot, expert at Moneyfacts, doesn't expect rates to recover in 2013 due to banks not needing to entice savers cash.
She says: '2012 has been a terrible year for savers with both savings rates across the board and product numbers in freefall particularly in the last three months.
'I expect the first quarter of 2013 to be of a similar vein but hopefully by summer it will have bottomed out.
'However, the bad news is that I do not expect rates to recover even to the paltry levels seen at the start of 2012 unless something major happens to make banks want savers money again.
'Over the last few weeks we have seen many providers pull product ranges where there was several accounts that were just slightly different to each other and replace them with one standard account.
'Going forward this will provider less choice for the discerning saver but will lessen confusion for the rest of us.'
Anna Bowes, from rate checker website savingschampion.co.uk, also believes next year will be tough on savers.
She said: '2012 has been a terrible year for savers – although inflation has fallen, interest rates have fallen too – the best easy access account back in January was paying 3.2 per cent (AA Internet Extra Issue 5), and the best easy access ISA was paying 3.05 per cent (AA again Internet Access ISA Issue 2).
'Now you can get just 2.33 per cent (M&S Everyday Savings Account) and 2.75 per cent (M&S Advantage Isa).
'Unfortunately it looks as though 2013 is going to be just as tough as there is no sign of a rise in the Bank of England base rate. It doesn't look too likely that there will be a fall either, however that hasn't stopped a trickle of providers from cutting the rates for existing customers as well as new ones.
'The concern is that this trickle will become a torrent if it becomes acceptable to trim rates on any variable rate accounts that are deemed too expensive to run.
'Although providers have the flexibility to change variable rates at any time, it's generally been frowned upon unless those changes follow a move in the Bank of England base rate – but that's not happened for almost four years.
'Competition for new savings money has dried up. The previous race for savers' cash has left many providers with closed accounts that pay over three per cent - a very expensive legacy.'
Bank of England base rate likely to remain stuck
Tough job: Mark Carney
Experts believe the rate will stay static at a meagre 0.5 per cent for at least several years. It may even be cut to 0.25 per cent in the short-term. The volatile money markets indicate you may have to wait until 2016 or 2017 for a 0.75 per cent rate and 2018 for one per cent.
Given the parlous state of the UK economy, rates - as we've warned for several years on our interest rates predictions round-up - look likely to stay low for a long time.
But there's always an outside chance that if inflation rises higher, the Bank of England will be pressured into increasing rates to tackle it – but at the moment, it is holding tight.
Whatever way you look at it, Mark Carney, the new Bank of England chief who starts next summer, has an interesting job when it comes to potentially changing the base rate.
Get set for Isa 'season'
In early March every year, banks start rolling out juicy new Isa rates. Why? Because they know that as they tax-year ends, many savers will be looking for a sparkly new account.
And they hope that they can attract next year's cash Isa allowance, which in 2012 will be £11,280 (of which £5,640 can be held in a cash account) and available from 6 April.
This could be the one saving grace for savers in 2013 – some decent, tax-free cash Isa rates.
A good tip is not to jump in too early, though. Some banks and building societies won't launch their deals until nearer the April deadline.
That doesn't necessarily mean wait until 5 April (bad idea) but do keep an eye out on This is Money's savings tables and round-up of our favourite five deals around.
How 2012 unfolded for savings - top savings stories of the year
It has been a bloodbath for savings rates and as the year has unfolded, the situation has become more severe. Savings correspondent Lee Boyce picks his top stories from each month…
January: Birth of a savings revolution: How to beat the banks and earn 3% on current account cash
February: Savers must lock away money for FIVE YEARS to beat inflation, say experts
March: Cash ISA balances creep up 23% in three years as savers plug away despite squeeze
April: NatWest slashes rates on loyal savers then locks them out of new 3.5% best buy eIsa
June: Millions of people with jobs say they have no savings and are struggling to feed their families
August: Top savings rates plunge as the Government's £80bn scheme to kick-start bank lending hits savers
October: I have £49k to invest, is it safe to put it in a fixed-rate State Bank of India savings account?
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roy long (From Basingstoke Gazette)
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Roy Long
Published in the Basingstoke Gazette on 3 January 13
Roy LONG Valerie, Sharon and Cheryl would like to thank all the family and friends for attending Roys funeral, sent cards, messages of sympathy and donations. Special thanks to Dr Colley, Basing Unit, Ashbrook Funeral Directors and Kim of 101 Carnations. Please accept this as a personal thankyou.
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text:
Jet boat, locals, fancy dress, kayaking
Trip Start
Mar 27, 2006
Trip End
Dec 03, 2006
The ferry crossing from the North island on Tuesday caused a few minor problems when I forgot to book my ticket the day before in the hostel and so ended up having to pay full price. Then I left my trainers behind so all I had left was my flip flops which have been falling apart since I got them in Thailand. Ended up running around the small town of Nelson when we arrived in the evening looking for a cheap pair of trainers before the shop shut. The hostel we stayed in was probably the best I've stayed in so far and was more like a hotel. They cooked us up an awesome roast and organised some beer tasting for us.
On Wednesday we headed to Westport where we did a pretty intense jet boat ride up the river where you get about 20 of you in a fast speed boat and they do spins and stuff. All ended up soaked. Westport is quite a small "local" community as we found out. On the evening a few of us went to pretty much the only bar in town and were the only ones in there until a couple of locals showed up very drunk. we ended up accidently taking there jacket back because we thought it belonged to someone else in our group who had left earlier. I was wearing it back to the hostel when I put my hand in the pocket and found a pack of cigarettes, some energy pills and a huge bag of weed! When we figured out it wasn't ours Pete, Rick and Alison decided to take it back to the bar. As they left the woman who owned the hostel came in and asked me "Wheres the black man going?" I thought I misheard her and asked her to repeat herself she said the same thing again so I explained that he was staying with us and they had just gone to take the jacket back to the bar which we picked up by mistake. She then said she had just got a phone call saying that we had stole the jacket and we had better take it back immediately otherwise the guys were going to come after us. I explained again that it was a simple mistake and she said it had better have been otherwise she was going to kick us out of the hostel and she informed us "this is a local community and we locals stick together". Not sure why a couple of pilled up pissed pothead locals had the number for the owner of the hostel we were staying at but I wonder what would have happened if we hadn't realised that it wasn't our jacket before she found out. It probably would of involved a mob of locals with pitchforks and stakes coming round shouting "get the foreigners". Turns out the locals had moved on by the time Rick, Pete and Alison had returned to the bar so nothing more came of it.
Yesterday we went on a few walks along a coastal path where we got to see a Seal colony and some impressive blowholes and stuff. On the evening we had a fancy dress evening at a traditional west coast pub by Lake Mahinapua where the walls are covered in photographs of previous Kiwi experience groups that all do fancy dress there. The owner was called Les and a legend at 81 years old, which makes him the oldest Landlord in all of New Zealand. It was a really good night and I come runner up for my fancy dress as a pirate map.
Today we arrived in Franz Josef which is a settlement at the bottom of a huge glacier. Went Kayaking on a Lake this evening and up around areas which has had no influence from humans so it was just like it would have been back in the day of the dinosaurs. We have a free day here tomorrow when most people are going on a walk up the glacier but I'm being lazy and having a well needed lie in.