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US 7797636 B2 Abstract Systems and methods are described that allow for multiple pluggable user interactive system (UIS) applications to be added or removed from a UIS system while maintaining controlled access by users to each currently available application. Users can access the system using multimedia connections, such as voice, text, video, web, etc., and users have access to certain subsets of the available applications depending on their identity. In addition, users can define their own preferences, which places restrictions on which applications they can access from which media. In operation, the system provides the access restrictions and navigation for the applications outside of the application structure.
Claims(1) 1. A user interactive system comprising:
(a) a database comprising a memory, said database storing information comprising:
(i) user information for a plurality of users, said user information comprising, for each user from the plurality of users, a class of service for the user;
(ii) class of service information, said class of service information comprising information identifying, for each class of service from a plurality of classes of service, applications available to users corresponding to the class of service;
(b) a router system comprising a processor configured to, in response to initiation of a session by a user, perform a set of acts comprising:
(i) identifying a set of applications which are available to the user, wherein
(1) the set of applications which are available to the user is taken from the plurality of applications;
(2) identifying the set of applications which are available to the user comprises:
identifying applications accessible via an access method used by the user to initiate the session; and
identifying applications which are accessible to the user based on the class of service for the user and the class of service information;
(ii) providing a plurality of prompts to the user; and
(iii) in response to the user selecting a prompt from the plurality of prompts, activating an application from the set of applications which are available to the user;
(A) the user interactive system is configured to modify preference information for the user stored in the database based on input provided by the user during a first session initiated via a first access method;
(B) the router system is configured to, in response to initiation by the user of a second session via a second access method, provide a second plurality of prompts to the user, wherein the second plurality of prompts is determined based on the preference information modified based on input provided by the user during the first session;
(C) the first access method is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) phone access; and
(ii) web access;
(D) the second access method is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) phone access; and
(ii) web access; and
(E) the first access method and the second access method are not the same.
Description The present application is related to concurrently filed, co-pending, and commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/208,028, entitled �SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INHERITANCE OF ADVERTISED FUNCTIONALITY IN A USER INTERACTIVE SYSTEM,� and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/208,041, entitled �SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SHARING ACCESS TO SERVICE PROVIDER CONTROLS AND SUBSCRIBER PROFILE DATA ACROSS MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS IN A USER INTERACTIVE SYSTEM,� the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. This invention relates to user interactive systems (UIS) and more particularly to methods for installing and administering pluggable applications in such systems. In �open� computing systems there is a need from time to time to add and remove applications available from various application design vendors without requiring pre-knowledge of each of the applications while still allowing the applications to co-operate such that the overall system remains functional and also to allow communication between these applications. For example, in interactive voice response (IVR) applications there are many �routine�, or infrastructure, operations that must be performed on every connection. Some of these infrastructure type operations are, for example, identifying and authenticating the caller, applying ring tone, applying ring-back tone, detecting answer, detecting that a called party is busy, call supervision, connection tear down, etc. While these common operations are routine and repetitive in nature they are not necessarily easy to create or manage for those not familiar with the communication network. In addition, some applications may or may not be present depending on the features that have been plugged into the system. The system must be able to cope with this and provide methods for applications to query what applications are available. In particular, in IVR applications it is desired to maintain common language and common prompts across applications, and it is imperative that the interaction between the user and the application be consistent across all the available applications. Also, when applications are designed by different vendors, i.e., in a pluggable environment, the application designer (vendor) does not know what group (or sub groups) of menu items a particular user might want, or be entitled to. This then leads to inconsistency across pluggable applications from different vendors. Thus, if different users are allowed access to different applications (or different features of an application), then each user's menu must be changed in accordance with which applications are selected to be available to the user. Again, this presents a problem when the applications are not designed by a common entity. This requires some method by which an application can be added to a system so that the existing prompts and menu structures remain valid. Another problem exists in that different users prefer to have different sets of applications. Thus, some users always want their banking prompts to start with a request for a banking balance because that user typically does not use the IVR system for banking functions other than to obtain a balance. Similarly, a user calling an airline, for example, might always wish to hear the gate number of any departing flight he or she is booked on for that day while another caller may always wish to be given arrival times of certain flights. Other users may wish to be able to find both their bank balance and gate number via the same phone number and navigate to the information they desire. Another problem for telephone users is the fact that the interface from different vendor's applications often result in different and often confusing user instructions. For example, one application might require a user to input a �1� to signify agreement, while another application might require the user to input a �1� followed by a �#� before it will recognize the �1�. Other applications might want the user to say �yes� while still other applications might want the user to say �accept� instead of �yes�. Some applications desire numbers, such as credit and numbers, to be input with spaces while others will not accept spaces. While seemingly trivial, these differences compound to make system navigation difficult. Problems similar to these have been addressed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,989, where device specific functions are provided to a user depending, in part, upon the context of the user's device at the time of the prompt. Additional problems exist when it is required to bill customers for use of various services. Adding such billing control to an individual application adds a high amount of sophistication and logistics to an already complicated application. Systems and methods are described that allow for multiple pluggable user interactive system (UIS) applications to be added or removed from a system. When an application is plugged into the system it is �registered� and its availability and methods for access navigation �advertised�. A shared class of service (COS) data access allows (or prevents) users (or service subscribers) access to the various registered applications. Users can have access to certain subsets of the available applications depending on their identity and class of service. When a new application is placed into the system, the system can automatically update the navigational menu to reflect the new choices available in the added application. In addition, users can define their own preferences, which will place even more restrictions on which applications they can access. In operation, the system provides the access restrictions and navigation for the applications outside of the application structure. In one embodiment, access to an application is controlled by the user's COS. This access can be reduced by a user, if desired, consistent with the user's COS. The COS of a user is shared among all applications regardless of the application designer or when the application becomes plugged-in (registered) to the system. The architecture allows an administrator to define call types or web session types and multiple classes of service. Then a system administrator can assign each application to a call or session type, and assign each user to a class of service (COS). Once each application has a call type, and each user has a COS, an administrator can configure which call types get assigned to what, thus defining what set of applications each user will have access to when a call is received of a given call type. In one embodiment, different triggers can be used to define class of service. For example, all users calling into a specific number can be assigned a specific class of service. In addition to the administrative configuration, the user can establish preferences, depending upon the user's class of service. This allows the user to further restrict the applications that they have access to. A feature of the system is that users can come into the system using different methods or media. Users could call in using a telephone (wireless or wire line), and features will be presented to the phone user using voice menus. Users can access the system using the web, and features will be presented to the user using graphical icons. Users can access the system using a PDA, or other device, and features will be presented using text menus and/or icons and voice in some cases. Another feature of the invention is that the application developer can control the connection setup script that is to be followed for each new connection. The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention. For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: Users can access the UIS using a variety of interactive devices, such as, for example, telephone using voice, MF or other inputs, computer, PDA, etc., using a web browser, interactive TV, cell phone, etc. The discussion that follows illustrates voice type applications using modules 110-1 through 110-N, but many, if not all, of the applications, including the control thereof, can be accomplished by appropriate interface applications 111-1 through 111-4. System 10 is designed to allow applications to be added or removed from the system without prior knowledge of any other application. Thus, using the concept discussed, it is possible for different applications to be designed by different designers (and different vendors) without requiring reprogramming of any application. As will be discussed, there are at least these distinct operations, namely (1) provisioning the system for a user (or set of users); (2) advertising functionality of each application to other applications; and (3) shared access to data by all applications. In one embodiment the infrastructure and plug-in manager provide the ability (in a well defined way and with a well defined API) for a plurality of individually designed applications to share both service provider �settings� as well as subscriber �settings�, both in a non-volatile store and a volatile store. The volatile store holds session data, including single session context data and state information. This is important when independently designed applications are to be �fused� into a single UIS. Some applications may only be functional components that many applications can share and reuse. These applications, for example, are security, address book, notification, etc. This data could be simple �control flags�, such as COS or more inclusive, including which subscribers are in each COS. The same is true with subscriber profile (or preferences, settings, etc.). There is also a broader class of data, such as the AB contact information (phone numbers, email addresses, etc.) along with the speech navigation grammars to access this information by any application. The disclosure discussed voicemail, fax mail, personal voice dialer, personal contact manager, or calendar but any function is possible. Other components, such as the inbound call control provided by the home zone router (HZR) and the outbound calling module, are only representations of the types of control that can be shared. These applications handle the low level call control functions for any application. All of this interaction with discrete and independent functions and service applications require a set of rules and infrastructure that create a standard for all developers in the environment. With these standards different applications can interact and share data (including state information) within a single web session to �fuse� together a broad service form a series of shared components. Independent applications which comply to the infrastructure and interoperate within a single web session can share their content information to whatever level suits each application. Once a positive determination is made, then the HZR module process 204, connects the call to greeting module 110-8. Greeting module 110-8, as shown by process 205, takes over control and checks central subscriber database 102 for the caller greeting rules pertaining to the called subscriber. One example of the central subscriber database is shown in Once greeting module 110-8 completes its task, process 207 returns control to home zone router (HZR) module 110-2 (which module acts as a control module) and process 208 gives control to voice message deposit (VMD) module 110-9 to allow the calling party to leave a message. Process 209 receives the message and working in conjunction with process 210 stores the message in central message store 103 together with metadata pertaining to the call. The metadata can be, for example, time, calling party, length, special information, etc. When process 210 is finished, process 211 returns control back to HZR module 110-2 and the call is disconnected. As discussed above, all of the operations could be accomplished using applications 111-1 through 111-N, in which case home zone home page application 111-1 would perform similar to HZR 110-2. Note that the data in central file store 101, in central subscriber database 102 in central message store 103. in application session context data 105, and as well as the control processors in notification module 104, are available to all applications and modules regardless from where the information was obtained. Thus, once data is gathered from one application, whether on a session by session basis (shared context data 105), or on a more permanent basis (database store 102) that information can be shared, regardless of where an application was put into the system, and without regard to who designed the application. Also note that there are two types of data; volatile�which is kept in application session context 105 ( Note that while not the normal situation, there can be more than one application that can perform a specific function. In such a situation, the HZR can select which application to use for a particular function at a particular time. This selection can be made in conjunction with the user profile (such as, �always us a module from a particular vendor, if available� or �use a calendar application compatible with brand �x� calendar�). In Using database 102, a subscriber also has freedom of choice across many applications. A subscriber can tailor the system to his/her likes and dislikes within the applications that the administrator allows the subscriber to access. The framework allows a change preference which is made while using one type of interface (i.e., phone) to appear in the same application when that application is accessed with a different interface (i.e., web). The set of applications that are available to a subscriber during the session is determined by the HZR in association with a user's COS and his/her preferences. This list is first derived as a list of applications available via the current access method. The list is then filtered by applications allowed by the current class of service and subscriber preferences. Finally, each available application must be a valid plug-in application. Plug-in application information is accessed via plug-in manager business objects. In this manner, as applications are added (or removed) from the system, these applications become available to all users (or to other applications) without prior knowledge on the part of the system, and become added to menus when appropriate (based on class of service, user preference, etc.) Users can select the order of the function (order of a menu) desired and once that order is established for one application, the same order will apply to all modes of accessing the same (or similar) menus, whether the access is by voice, web server, video server, etc. While the user can specify an order of a prompt, the system can also statistically determine a preferred order and then apply the �interred� order across applications and across media entry types, and across pluggable applications, all without prior knowledge among applications. Note that the statistics can be generated from a user based on calls using all media types (voice, web, video, text, graphics, etc.). Thus, if a user always asks for his/her bank balance first regardless of media type access, then the bank balance is the preferred first menu choice. However, if a user uses voice response for balances but text messaging for check listings, then the system provides balances when the user calls in via a phone, but should, provides check listings when the same user accesses the system via a web browser using text. A shared data interface contains, in one embodiment, a set of scripts advertised as functions of plug-and-play applications and provide a method to utilize the business objects in order to interact with the data store to send or receive data. In another embodiment, this interface is a set of scripts advertised as functions of plug-and-play applications and provide a method to interact directly with session context data 204 to send or receive data. In yet another embodiment, this interface is a set of scripts advertised as functions of plug-and-play applications and provide a method to utilize business objects in order to interact with the data stores to receive data and then store this data in session context data 14. In a final embodiment, this interface is a set scripts specific to individual applications which are members of applications 26 which provide an interface to interact directly with session context data in order to send or receive data which is either specific to a particular application or is shared between individual applications. Application selection grammars are used in conjunction with a selected application from the available applications where appropriate, grammars are shared between applications when appropriate. In one embodiment, billing control is built into the shared infrastructure so that each of the applications can be tailored to a particular user and that user billed appropriately for their use without such billing control being contained in the various applications. This, then, allows a user to obtain different applications (or pieces of applications) from different vendors while receiving single unified billing. In one embodiment, the system allows the operator to define which keys or spoken words will activate a specific application (personal definitions). This allows the operator to customize a system to their own specific requirements without requiring code changes by the vendor. Also, certain categories of choices can be made only available to certain users and perhaps only at certain times or under certain conditions. As discussed above, when a preference for a user has been established in one application that same preference is available for all applications. The pluggable application framework described in this application provides the infrastructure in which software modules, web screens and voice scripts can be plugged into a control system for coordinated operation of common telephony control functions. This is controlled for each user by the class of service assigned to the user and by the applications assigned to a specific telephone number. The user can select as many of the features as they desire within their class of service subject to the operator mandating certain applications. As used in this application, common telephony control functions are those functions necessary to establish a communication connection, monitor that connection, tear down the connection, and generally supervise the connection. Such telephone functions also include functions that are common to a plurality of applications whether or not those applications were designed as a unitary whole or were designed by individual entities at different times without regard to one another. Such functions include user navigation aids, such as voice, text, or graphical prompts. The control system allows for each module to interact via a set of pre-defined interfaces to that each module can register itself to provide the capabilities that it adds to the system. Those capabilities (features) are assigned a class of service and are then made available to users having that class of service. Using this system, each module need not repeat the common switching and control functions necessary to control the system. Each specific application transfers to the control system any special menus or voice scripts required. This, then keeps the installation of web screens, voice prompts, and voice scripts identical (and, if desired, user specific) across many applications even though those applications were created and maintained by different providers. Each different set of applications present different functions and different screens for use by the common application serving that application. Thus, a web server intended to allow subscribers to manage their profile, would contain subscriber web screens, profiles and software modules, but would not contain, for example, voice scripts. In operation, the control system will have several applications plugged into it in addition to a global application. The global applications are available to all the applications, and manage functions common to all the applications. These functions include access control for common data, security and file store, but could also contain some applications selectively available to users depending, for example, on user class of service. The applications can be defined, for example, by an XML file defining the access points to the application. An application may consist of one or more software modules, such as subscriber web screens, subscriber web screen profiles, subscriber voice scripts, subscriber voice script profiles, application/module parameters, and provisioning engine modules. The control system provides a framework for all of the software and screen components in the system. It also provides access and query methods to determine which applications are available (loaded in the system) so the system can dynamically display or play the appropriate options for a user. As discussed above, this functionality is controlled by the class of service information of a user which refines the response to the user. For example, to determine the list of options to present to a user (subscriber) on the user's home page, the list of applications associated with that user is retrieved from the common data file. The plug-in manager is then queried as to what entry points, i.e. web links are available for each of these applications. These entry points are then used to generate a menu structure that the subscriber can click on (or otherwise signify acceptance of) (either via the device the user is calling from or an auxiliary device) to access the application or application component. In Alternatively, the end-user can make a direct call to CSBO 41, for example, using VXML 47-1. The end-user can access the required common data stored in one of databases 101, 102, 103, or 105 within common data storage via CSBO 41 which acts as a central navigation controller under control of HZR 110-2 ( Subscriber context 41-1 and administrator context 41-2 of CSBO 41 limits certain operations such as �delete subscriber� or �change subscriber Class of Service� so that they can only be made by an administrator. However, certain operations, such as �change language� are available to the user. In general, the administrator context is an extension of the subscriber context, and allows complete control of the common subscriber data via an administrator, and limited control of the data via a subscriber. This partitions the system into user and administrative areas which reduces the risks of allowing third parties to call the system APIs. This reduces the risks of these applications introducing security holes into the system and/or damaging the system in such a way that the overall functioning is placed at risk. As discussed above, these are, for example, sections 301 and 302 of data file 102. The context split (between subscriber and administrator) is carried forward into the data classes that represent the common data. This split enables the subscriber version of the class to access data pertaining to the class of service of the subscriber, but the subscriber cannot change its class of service. This protection is provided by a compile time check which reduces the likelihood of common data being changed without going through the correct class. It also insures that the data will be in the correct context. Examples of the types of information a user can change are: language, web theme and time zone selection. Subscribers would not be permitted to change their class of service, create a new theme etc. Examples of the types of information an administrator can change are: get, create, update, delete, and list class of service or create users. File store common data storage 101, 102, 103, and 105 are core components of the open messaging framework and provide an application program interface (API) for handling files across the various modules and web screen components. The file store contains metadata associated with all the files and provides separation between subscribers, service providers and network operators. The API allows the alternate implementations of the file store to be used via the plug-in manager without affecting the user level applications. File operation 43 consists of three interfaces to platform 41. A high level �operations� level interface that is intended for use by the applications; a metadata interface for handling the associated information within the file; and a low level, direct access layer that allows the creation, reading, appending, and deletion of files. The system has the ability to obtain, read, and write streams to/from these files. As shown in For each file stored in the file store, a file metadata entry will also be stored in the various databases via API 54 and API 56. File metadata details are stored for all files, mapping subscriber files to a subscriber file store table. API 54 also maps service provider 52-2 files to a service provider table, and maps network operations 52-3 to network operations files, and subscriber operation 52-1 to subscriber files, all as discussed above. The operations interface always acts on both the file store and the file meta-data entry in the file store database, providing a seamless view of the files to the application. The actual implementation of the metadata and file storage will be abstracted from the applications. Hence an initial implementation may use a relational database and a networked file system, but other systems could use, for example, companion files for the metadata. The main intention is to ensure that applications are independent from the implementation details of file end data storage. APIs 54 and 56 also contain extensions to the common data class of service database tables, providing a �quota� field that determines the maximum file storage quota allowed for each subscriber contained within a particular class of service. As shown in Metadata API 56 provides access to the database, that contains file metadata entries which provide details about each stored file. Details include each file's friendly name and description, the file type (e.g. voice, picture) and sub-type (e.g. greeting, ring tone), file size and the relative path from the context specific root directory (e.g. Subscriber files are held relative to the subscriber's root directory). The division of file types into type and sub-type, allows applications to fine-tune the granularity at which files are used (e.g. application X may use any files of type �picture�, whereas application Y may only use files of type �voice� that have a sub-type of �greeting�). Additionally, type and sub-type may be used in the presentation layer to provide a view of the files as being stored in virtual �folders�. The file size attribute is provided to enable the system to calculate the current total used file storage quota within the file store for a particular subscriber. This value is required when creating new files, to determine that adding this new file will not exceed a subscriber's maximum file storage quota. This maximum quota is determined by the subscriber's class of service, and is stored as an extension to the common class of service table. All class of service (COS) attributes and extensions are driven by a specific application requirement. The concept is that plug-in applications have methods to extend COS attributes to control file storage. For example; a subscriber greetings COS controls the storages of greeting messages and the amount of space allocated for such storage. The example is a message storage COS which controls the message space for voice mail, email, fax, and/or other media messages stored for each subscriber account. All these attributes should be maintained in a non-volatile memory, such as CSDB 102, Permission to delete a particular file is determined by first checking if any applications are registered users of the file. Applications may register �usage� of a particular file via the application set stored as part of the file's metadata. If the application set indicates that a file is in use by application X, the file may be not be deleted without confirmation from the context user attempting to delete the file. If the application set indicates that no applications are registered as using the file (e.g. empty application set), the file may be deleted without any additional confirmation. At the low level, file system API 54 consists of a file system interface, which provides access to a series of file and file stream interfaces. Requests to retrieve a file instance are handled by API 54 via interface 55 containing a framework file API which defines methods used to handle files. Requests to retrieve a file stream instance to read/write to a file are also handled by the file system interface. Each file stream interface then describes the public methods used to handle file streams. FileOperations 601, MetaData FileStore 614, and FileSystem components (604, 605, 606, 609, 610) are initialized and subsequently retrieved from the plug-in manager which in turn receives data from such newly added application. Plug-in manager 600 is the software module that handles the plugged-in applications. The added applications contain information as to which subscribers can access the application (by class of service); and as to which common services it needs the system to perform, and under what conditions such performance will be required. This information determines the actual file store implementations, allowing an application to customize it's behavior, as required. Plug-in manager 600 maintains a set of applications defined by XML files for the system. Each application extends the functionality of the system. The XML file describes how the application fits into the system by defining links for voice, subscriber, and administration. The links contain all the required information and alternative text for text-based browsers. It also contains details of the pluggable software modules that it uses. Finally it contains configuration information that further refines the behavior of the application. A global file allows global configuration of an application outside of the packaged installation. This allows the application to be upgraded but to retain the customized configuration that has been setup. This also allows the standard behavior to be changed to use new software implementations. Each software module (such as module 110-1 to 110-N, Each class of service defined can contain a set of applications that are allowed, that are the default and that are mandatory for a subscriber based on that. Each subscriber has an associated set of applications that are allowed and another set that defines their current set. The set of current applications defines the menus for the voice and web screens via the defined resources in from the applications that are plugged in. This allows the menu structures to be dynamically generated to suit each individual subscriber depending on their set of applications and the capabilities of the installed software. The system allows the administrators to add further applications at later stages and then to assign these facilities to their chosen classes of service and hence from there to the subscribers. This gives the administrators great flexibility in providing a tiered or tailored service for their subscribers. FileOperations 601 provides role-based access methods to retrieve the context specific operations classes (e.g. subscriber, service provider, and network operator) and provides Create/Read/Update/Delete/list methods to handle/update files in the file stores. In addition Input/Output streams can be obtained to the raw file data. This encapsulates all of a particular file's file system and metadata, by providing access/mutator methods for each instance of a FrameworkFile and a FileMetaData. Security APIs (not shown) provide for the authentication of subscribers both for the web screens and the voice scripts. In addition, a complete set of Create/Read/Update/Delete methods are available for both the subscriber and COS information. Security is split into two components. The high level component provides the authentication on subscriber level operations (e.g. changepin). The low level component provides the interface to the data store that holds security related information. This separation is intended to allow the source of the security data to be changed easily. The component split allows a data store component to be exchanged without affecting the high level functionality. Also, as there is an existing data store component, it allows the same set of tests to be run against the new component giving greater confidence in the changes. The high level component is split into administrator and subscriber sections providing functional separation. This helps to prevent developers accidentally opening security holes by using APIs that are not appropriate for the task in hand. Note that typically an application developer would never see the data store component. The records in the security module have a direct correlation with the Common Data. The subscriber records are keyed to the subscriber ID and the Class Of Service on the common key as shown in The security subscriber component provides a set of authentication methods. Permitted authentication values are: username/email address/MSISDN+password, MSISDN+PIN number. Methods are provided for: password recovery based on the security question and answer. This will result in a message being sent via a reasonably secure method (e.g. SMS) that gives the subscriber password, updating the subscriber password and PIN, changing the security question and answer, and retrieving a record based on the username, to allow reverse lookups and the viewing of the security question. The security alarm API (not shown) allows a component to raise or clear an alarm. This will be a pluggable component with the initial implementation providing an interface to the platform alarm system. The AlarmManager API (not shown) allows for the raising and clearing of alarms. Each alarm will have a number which is globally unique across the system. These numbers are application specific and are defined in the appropriate functional specification. The number allows the cause and associated severity of alarm to be determined. Each alarm may have associated data (and integer), a string containing additional information, and optionally an associated task (defined as a string). Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one will readily appreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps. Patent Citations
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Cantata BWV 190 "Singet den Herrn ein neues Lied" (Movement 4) |
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Full name of work: | Cantata BWV 190 "Singet den Herrn ein neues Lied" (Movement 4) |
Composer: | Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685-1750), German |
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
116th Civil War looks like it'll be a game.
CORVALLIS, Ore. (AP)
While they're still underdogs, the Oregon State Beavers certainly have more reasons to be hopeful this season heading into Saturday's Civil War against rival Oregon.
The surprising No. 16 Beavers are not only buoyed by their own dramatic turnaround but also by the vulnerabilities No. 5 Oregon showed in last weekend's loss to Stanford.
Oregon State has already defied the odds by improving to 8-2 overall after going just 3-9 last season. After two years without a bowl game, the Beavers were bowl eligible early after a 6-0 start, their best since the 1907 season.
They've also overcome an injury to starting quarterback Sean Mannion, and now one to successful backup-turned-starter Cody Vaz.
It all gives Oregon State more reason to be hopeful this season against Oregon, after four straight losses in the series. While Oregon State coach Mike Riley often says that in the Civil War ''anything can happen,'' the last two meetings were pretty much foregone conclusions.
Last season, the then-No. 9 Ducks beat the Beavers 49-21 in Eugene, clinching the Pac-12 North's spot in the inaugural conference championship game. The Ducks would go on to defeat UCLA for the league title before a 45-38 victory over Wisconsin for their first Rose Bowl win in 95 years.
The season before, Oregon beat Oregon State 37-20 in Corvallis. The win sent Oregon on to the BCS championship game against Auburn, while the loss kept the Beavers from becoming bowl eligible.
Oregon State hasn't won the Civil War since an overtime upset at Autzen Stadium in 2007.
''It's great to be where we are. We try not to be surprised by success, we work for that hard. But I am proud of the turnaround in this team and the work they did in the offseason and what they've accomplished to this point,'' Riley said. ''It's much more fun and exciting to be going into the Civil War at 8-2 rather than 3-8, or whatever we were.''
Oregon (10-1, 7-1) is wounded heading into the 116th edition of the rivalry game after a 17-14 overtime loss to Stanford last Saturday at Autzen Stadium.
The loss knocked Oregon out of the top spot in the AP rankings and complicated the Ducks' bid for a second national championship game berth in three seasons.
Oregon would have clinched the Pac-12 North for the second straight season with a victory against the Cardinal. Instead, they'll have to wait a week to see how the conference shakes out.
If No. 11 Stanford (9-2, 7-1) can defeat No. 15 UCLA (9-2, 6-2) on Saturday at the Rose Bowl, they'll go to the conference championship. If Stanford losses and Oregon wins, the Ducks will go.
The winner of the Pac-12 title game gets a Rose Bowl berth - unless the winner is tapped for a place in the national championship. The Bruins have already clinched the southern division.
Oregon is not out of the mix for the BCS title game just yet, but they'll need USC (7-4, 5-4) to defeat top-ranked and undefeated Notre Dame on Saturday. It's a tall order for the Trojans, who have lost three of their last four games and won't have senior quarterback Matt Barkley. Freshman Max Wittek will make his first career start in place of Barkley, who hurt his right shoulder in last weekend's 38-28 loss to the rival Bruins.
''There's a lot of disappointment, but it's one game,'' Oregon quarterback Marcus Mariota said in the wake of the Stanford loss. ''The season's not over. We have a lot to play for.''
He's right. Even if Oregon doesn't play in the conference championship, they could be an at-large selection for one of the other BCS bowls, a scenario that seems likely if they defeat Oregon State and finish the season with just one loss.
Interestingly, Oregon State's season is also far from over. Win or lose to the Ducks, they've got a home game set for Dec. 1 against Nicholls State. The Beavers were supposed to open on Sept. 1 against the Colonels, but the game was postponed because of the threat Hurricane Isaac posed to the school's Thibodeaux, La., campus. Then Oregon State will await its bowl bid.
Riley announced Monday that Mannion would start Saturday at Reser Stadium. Mannion started the first four games of the season, throwing seven touchdowns and averaging 339 yards, but injured his left knee and required surgery. Vaz, who hadn't started since high school, took over and helped the Beavers to win in the next two games, and later became the team's starter.
But Vaz sprained his left ankle in the final moments of a loss to Stanford, and sat out last Saturday during Oregon State's 64-14 victory at home over California.
As of Tuesday, Oregon was a 9 1/2 -point favorite over Oregon State. Stanford coach David Shaw, who has defeated both Oregon and Oregon State this season, was asked on Tuesday for his assessment.
''Whatever defense can keep the offense from making the big plays will have a good chance to win,'' he said.
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Recent Research Briefs and Reports
The Research Briefs and Reports section of the Office of Institutional Effectiveness, Research & Planning (OIERP) Web Site is organized into seven areas. Some research briefs and reports may be found in multiple locations. If you need help finding information, please use the Search Engine on the OIERP Home Page or send an email request to the OIERP.
Academic Success - Studies examining the relationship between student service and/or instructional strategies with student success (e.g.: transfer, ARCC, prerequisite validation, supplemental instruction, grants, learning communities, etc.)
Dashboards – A one page summary of results from a research project designed to communicate some of the main findings visually and quickly.
Enrollment Reports – Studies examining the enrollment characteristics of students at Crafton (e.g.: registration date and course success, day and evening students, etc.)
Institutional Effectiveness – Studies examining the effectiveness of planning processes and studies designed to help with informed decision-making at Crafton as well as providing descriptive information about the College and its service area (e.g.: committee self-evaluations, climate survey, professional development, US Census data, etc.).
Instruction – Studies requested from and specific to Instruction (e.g.: employer and graduate surveys, math student success by attempt, DE evaluations, developmental course success rates, success of first-time college students, success by course, course repeatability, etc.)
Student Services – Studies requested from and specific to Student Services (e.g.: student service surveys, assessment background questions, student success rates by student service area, placement results by academic year, etc.)
Satisfaction Surveys – Results from student satisfaction surveys (e.g.: point of service surveys, supplemental instruction, Transfer Center, Senior Day Evaluation, administrative services, etc.)


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Print Page | |||
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240 September 30, 2009 In Reply Refer To: 1114 (172) P EMS TRANSMISSION 10/06/2009 Information Bulletin No. 2009-113 To: All WO Officials, AFOs From: Director, National Landscape Conservation System & Community Partnerships Subject: Availability of the New Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) Online Course: "Basic Volunteer Administration for Managers" We are pleased to announce the availability of a new online, two-hour training course designed specifically for BLM managers: "Basic Volunteer Administration for Managers" (DOI LEARN Course No. 1103-03) The BLM Volunteer Program National Strategy 2004 stresses the importance of strengthening internal agency support for volunteers and BLM's use of volunteers, in part by enhancing management awareness of the agency's Volunteer Program. Strong leadership by BLM field and resource program managers is key to establishing and maintaining a successful Volunteer Program for each office and for our agency as a whole. The effective use of volunteers allows offices to undertake projects that would otherwise not be accomplished, increases public awareness of BLM and land management careers, involves local communities in problem-solving, and encourages citizens to become active stewards of the public lands. Overseeing a successful Volunteer Program can improve a manager's leadership competencies, help him or her acquire new approaches for achieving organizational efficiencies, and cultivate skills for building effective partnerships and teams. "Basic Volunteer Administration for Managers" was developed by staff from the Division of Education, Interpretation, and Partnerships in cooperation with members of the BLM Volunteer Program Adjunct Team and training specialists at the BLM National Training Center. Emphasis is given to the core competency of "Leadership" using the development of a proactive Volunteer Program as a teaching vehicle. The course illustrates how to build and support a successful Volunteer Program from the ground up, focusing on: the importance of management vision and support; roles and responsibilities; recruitment, retention and recognition; planning and budget development; and training opportunities. In addition to providing basic information about the Bureau's Volunteer Program, the course presents video re-enactments of real-life scenarios to help trainees envision a role or situation before they face it firsthand. This course is also an excellent complement to the BLM's "Basic Volunteer Administration" course (Course No. 1100-02), which teaches the day-to-day "nuts and bolts" of operating a Volunteer Program to State and Field Office volunteer coordinators, managers, and resource specialists. We encourage BLM managers to take advantage of this opportunity to add volunteer program administration skills to their leadership repertoires. If you have any questions or require further information, please feel free to contact Mary Tisdale, Chief, Division of Education, Interpretation and Partnerships, at email@example.com or (202) 912-7450. Signed by: Authenticated by: Carl Rountree Robert M. Williams Director, National Landscape Conservation Division of IRM Governance,WO-560 System and Community Partnerships |
Last updated: 10-21-2009 | |||
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Book your room at DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel & Spa Napa Valley American Canyon
Two Queen Beds, Non-Smoking, Accessible
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Standard Two Queen
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Standard King
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Lagoon View Two Queen
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Lagoon View Two Queen with Patio
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Lagoon View King with Patio
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Lagoon View King
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Napa-area hotel with spa, restaurant, and bar
Near Napa Valley Wine Train
The environmentally-sustainable DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel & Spa Napa Valley American Canyon is 10 miles from downtown Napa, 7 miles from Copia, and 6 miles from the Napa Valley Wine Train.
Full-service spa
This Art Deco hotel emphasizes well-being with a pool, fitness center, and full-service spa. Guests can enjoy a meal at Gaia Restaurant, then relax by the lagoon, home to fish, ducks, swans, and other birds.
Flat-screen TVs
At this DoubleTree by Hilton, guestrooms provide flat-screen televisions with premium channels including HBO, as well as beds with 300-thread-count Egyptian-cotton linens. Wi-Fi is complimentary.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
This environmentally sustainable Napa Valley hotel offers an experience of harmony with nature. A lagoon is on site, surrounded by a garden and other natural features on 4 acres in American Canyon. The hotel's Spa Gaia is a full-service health spa. Guests can also take advantage of onsite fitness equipment and an outdoor pool, or just relax in the spa tub or steam room.
Gaia Restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and has a full-service bar. Room service is available from early morning to late evening.
Over 4,200 square feet of conference space is available; the hotel also offers audiovisual equipment, and wireless Internet access is complimentary throughout the property. The business center is open 24 hours. Airport transportation is available for a surcharge.
- 24-hour front desk
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Fireplace in lobby
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Free WiFi
- Computer station
- Library
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Number of floors - 2
- Total number of rooms - 132
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Conference center
- Free self parking
- Year Built 2006
- 24-hour business center
- Smoke-free property
- Spa services on site
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Outdoor pool
- Use of nearby fitness center (discount)
- Wedding services
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Refrigerator
- Microwave (on request)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Patio
- Free weekday newspaper
- Designer toiletries
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Flat-panel TV
- Climate control
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free toiletries
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Desk
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room massage available
- Microwave (on request)
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Pay movies
- Premium bedding
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Shower/tub combination
- Room service (limited hours)
- Down comforter
Where to Eat
Gaia Restaurant - This restaurant and bar is open for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A children's menu is offered.
Room service - Available early morning to late evening.
There are several dining options in the surrounding area.
Nearby restaurants include:
The Grill at Silverado
Boon Fly Café
Julia's Kitchen
Zinsvalley Restaurant
Nearby Things to Do
Guests of this Napa-area hotel can work up a sweat in the onsite fitness facility, take a dip in the pool, or unwind in the spa tub or steam room.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or near the hotel; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
Spa Services
Marrying ancient Eastern traditions and the latest Western findings on skincare and healthy living, Spa Gaia offers massage, beauty, and body treatments.
In a tropical Balinese-inspired setting, guests can enjoy services such as Ayurvedic massage, the Bali Spice spa ritual, and the Anti-Oxidant Facial. Packages, and men's treatments, are also available. Products at Spa Gaia include ingredients locally sourced in Napa Valley.
Advanced reservations are required for spa treatments and massage. Spa Gaia is closed on Tuesdays.
- Couples treatment rooms
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Ayurvedic treatments
- Massages
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Optional extras
- Deposit: USD 50 per stay
- Crib (infant bed) fee: USD 20 per stay
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 20 per stay
We should mention
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the hotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Children 17 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


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Remembrance and regret dominate the reunion of a group of college pals in this drama from Japanese filmmaker Isa Yukisada. Teruaki is a man in his mid-'20s who is startled one day when he hears a news report that a close friend from his days in university, Tomomi Manabe, has died in a boating accident. Teruaki takes it upon himself to track down a number of their mutual friends, and after meeting up at the funeral, they compare notes on where their lives have taken them since graduation. Teruaki...more
All Himawari cast + crew photos


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26 CFR 25.6302-1 - Voluntary payments of gift taxes by electronic funds transfer.
Any person may voluntarily remit by electronic funds transfer any payment of tax to which this part 25 applies. Such payment must be made in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Commissioner.
[T.D. 8828, 64 FR 37676, July 13, 1999]
Title 26 published on 2013-04-01
no entries appear in the Federal Register after this date.


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Title: | Tortanus scaphus and Tortanus lophus, New Pacific Planktonic Copepods, with Notes on Tortanus murrayi (Calanoida, Tortanidae) |
Author: | Bowman, Thomas E |
Date: | 1971-10 |
Publisher: | University of Hawai'i Press |
Citation: | Bowman TE. 1971. Tortanus scaphus and Tortanus lophus, new Pacific planktonic copepods, with notes on Tortanus murrayi (Calanoida, Tortanidae). Pac Sci 25(4): 521-528. |
Abstract: | The calanoid genus Tortanus contains 17
known species of predaceous copepods which inhabit coastal waters of the world, except the Antarctic, eastern North Atlantic, and Mediterranean. All except T. vermimlus Shen (1955) and T. denticulatus Shen & Lee (1963) are listed in Jones and Park (1968). Two schemes have been proposed to subdivide the genus Tortanus. Steuer (1926) divided the eight species then known into three groups, without giving names to the groups. Sewell (1932) assigned the seven Indian Ocean species to two subgenera, Tortanus and Atortus. Sewell's subgenera correspond exactly to two of Steuer's groups, but Sewell made no mention of Steuer's classification, even though he listed Steuer's revision in his bibliography (Sewell, 1929). |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4287 |
Files | Size | Format | View |
vol25n4-521-528.pdf | 3.513Mb |
View/ |


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TUDA denies permission citing 'security issues'; pontiffs threaten to hold meeting in front of the Islamic University building
With just two days to go for the 'Hindu Garjana', a sense of stalemate hangs over the proposed meeting of 100 Hindu pontiffs and leaders drawn from five southern States, as the event organiser Tirumala Tirupati Pavitratha Samrakshana Vedika struggles to find a venue.
The Vedika had sought permission from the Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) to allot its Indira Maidanam in the city for the mammoth congregation of around 10,000 people, meant to highlight the growing terrorist threat to Tirupati and voice concern over the establishment of Islamic University near the foot of Tirumala hills.
The venue for the meeting was also blocked by making the necessary payment almost a month ago.
Apart from pontiffs like Saiva Kshetra Peetadhipathi Siva Swamiji, Kamalanandha Bharati and Paripoornananda Swamy, the organisers invited Hindu leaders like Sri Ram Sena (Karnataka) chief Pramod Muthalik, Hindu Munnani (Tamil Nadu) leader Arjun Sampath and Hindu Jana Jagruti Samithi (Maharashtra) president Ramesh Shinde for the event.
Even as the publicity blitzkrieg to mobilise crowd is well underway, the TUDA authorities denied permission citing 'security issues' and even wrote to the district Collector and Superintendent of Police (Tirupati Urban) for counsel. Similarly, the Tirupati Muslim Joint Action Council (JAC) petitioned the Collector not to allow the event, as it had the potential to arouse religious passions.
Piqued at the sudden development when the delegates have already arrived, the Vedika has threatened to move the court or even hold the event right in front of the Islamic University building at Thondavada on the city outskirts.
"The TUDA officials gave permission to a Christian missionary to hold a prayer meeting recently, but are denying the same to us showing the 'religious angle'. Why this discrepancy?" asks the Vedika's spokesperson, A. Krishna Kishore.
Meanwhile, the pontiffs have announced to hold 'Intintiki Hindu Dharmam', a programme to reach out to every household, on Thursday.
Keywords: TUDA, Hindu pontiffs' meeting, Hindu Garjana, Tirumala Tirupati Pavitratha Samrakshana Vedika


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Latest News
- ICI Reports Weekly Money Market Fund Assets
Total money market fund assets decreased by $39.34 billion to $2.59 trillion for the week ended Wednesday, April 15. - On Fiduciary Rule, New York Times Relies on Fatally Flawed Research
The ICI Viewpoints blog looks at why the assumptions that underlie claims of excess costs paid by IRA investors do not stand up to the facts. - ICI Releases Unit Investment Trust Data for March
Unit investment trusts, investment companies that hold fixed portfolios of selected stocks or bonds, had total deposits of $5.29 billion in March. - ICI Responds to the FSB's Latest Consultation on Asset Managers and Systemic Risk
The FSB appears to have discounted key aspects of the extensive record placed before it in response to its first consultation.
Key Issues
- Interested in the Latest Regulatory Developments Around Financial Stability and Asset Management?
Access the latest news, comments, and statements from ICI and others in the Financial Stability Resource Center. - Funds Are Stable Part of Foreign Investor Base in Emerging Markets
New ICI Global research finds that fundamental factors and investors other than regulated funds are the largest influences on emerging markets. - Designation's Vast Reach into Investor Portfolios
What would prudential oversight mean for fund investors if asset managers are designated as systemically important financial institutions? - The Modern Fund Industry at 75
ICI General Counsel David Blass reflects on 75 years of industry/regulator collaboration and three trends that will shape the industry in the years, if not decades, to come.


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A few weeks ago, I was part of a forum (I won't say which one for the sake of privacy) that was honestly pretty random, but it was a fun little community and I tried my best to make the posts as interesting as I could. As the forum began to get more active, the forum had a 'point drought' for a while, and after it came back, another active poster and I were both revoked and given a low rating (I think it was 3). I asked for examples of bad quality posts in the comments section, and didn't get a reply. I didn't say anything here; I thought I'd just wait out the month and wait for the rating to expire. I subscribed to a couple of other forums and managed to get my average rating back up with a bunch of high 4s and a 5, but I just found out that the same forum owner came back to somehow rate me again with a score of 2.0, even though I obviously haven't posted on his forum since the 'ban'. I can understand if he was having a bad day or something and gave a few of us a bad rating and a ban the first time, but to do it again? Even if I clearly haven't made any posts since, since I haven't been allowed on the forum? I'm sorry if this is in the wrong place, but I'm really not sure what to do. Other forum owners, for example, the GamingForce owner, can most likely support my claim that I do take care in making my posts as good as possible (I was invited to write for their main website as well, apart from the forum, which I'm in the process of doing ). Of course, some days I'm feeling a little rushed, but I still make sure the posts are constructive and by no means senseless. So my question - how can I avoid something like that happening, and is there anything I can do about it? Thanks
Just continue to make high quality posts, and your rating will improve. You last posted in the particular forum that you are referring to a week ago. Re-evaluating a rating after a week is not unusual. I also specifically asked this forum owner to re-evaluate his ratings. He was complaining about the post quality in his forums, and I told him that his ratings did not reflect that. If he felt that somebody made low quality posts in his forums, his rating should reflect that, and he should go back and adjust ratings accordingly. If ratings change a long time after you make posts (a month...or longer) or if your rating changes in a specific forum multiple times even though you are not posting there, then something should be done. Neither is the case here.
Hmmm, this has happened to me before. I got a rating of 5 in this one forum but for no reason they suddenyl revoked me and now they are off postloop and have no idea what happened. My rating also went down to a 4.5 which has made my rating under the average. Any way to fix this?
In the same way that some posters could be abusive and can be posting low quality messages, so are the forum owners who can be confused and may possibly also abuse their rating privilege. Good thing that Ryan is always listening with us and can be willing to extend his help if he thinks that something is really not good. By the way, I would like to know if a forum owner can still rate me after I unsubscribe from his forum.
Why shouldn't he be able to rate you after you unsubscribe? If you've made more than five posts, the admin should be able to rate. Otherwise, it opens the system up for scamming on a big scale.
This is also my problem. I haven't joined and posted in other forums other than Smart Health Shop and GenChat123 and I keep on receiving a low rating of 3 when I know none of the two gave that rating. Is there another way of getting in touch to them? I asked them nicely about the rating but I am not getting a reply.
Erm, you've subscribed to ~100 forums and have received ~70 ratings. I'm not sure why you feel that every new rating you receive should come from Smart Health Shop or GenChat123
It is because they are the only forum that I post to recently. I just joined in 2 forums and I haven't received a rating from them yet. I believe my last posts in other forums (aside from SHS and GenChat) was weeks ago so I am wondering why they are rating old posts. They should at least reply to us so we can do better next time but it seems that they don't want us to improve at all 'cause they are not responding. Anyways, we are automatically unsubscribed from a forum if the subscription status says inactive, right?
You've subscribed to 2 new forums the past couple days and made 5 posts in each. You also subscribed and posted in 10+ forums within the past 2 weeks. Any rating you receive could just as likely be from these forums as any other. You could even receive a rating from a forum that you posted in a month ago, but the owner never got around to rating you at the time. It's dangerous to assume that you know where a rating came from simply because of where you last posted. If it's marked Inactive, it means you either unsubscribed yourself, or you were automatically unsubscribed after not posting there in a while, yes.


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Each of us serves as the frontline defense for our own Facebook accounts. The counteroffensive to malware and spam consist of keeping track of friends and apps, ensuring your friends lists are organized and prioritized, and accepting friend requests from people you actually know, understanding it's not a race to score the biggest number.
Tagging friends, status updates and un-friending are other options to clear the air; just don't lose patience – it may take clean-up time now, but later you'll appreciate your organizational efforts and simply keeping things in their place. Once you've sorted out your friends lists feel free to refuse application requests, which access your basic information, your profile and your friends' information.
Apps multiply in a hurry, clogging things up and posing security risks. Tighten down your settings to restrict access to particular data and then let apps in more carefully, as you go.
Even though Facebook continues to weed out technological n'er-do-wells, hackers, spammers and malware creators keep coming up with new ways to infiltrate the site. Blithely okaying new applications requesting permission to access your account sets you up for trouble. They rely on the odds that you'll get careless and let 'em in without fully investigating. Check 'em out, and when in doubt, just say no.
Finally, just like cleaning out your closet at home, when you visit Facebook again, there will be order and less clutter. And also like your wardrobe, you can't clean it once and forget it. This will be an ongoing process because you'll agree to new apps and friends, eventually cluttering your page with extra stuff. Set a regular maintenance time on your calendar to repeat the process and de-clutter your page. Keeping the task manageable will ensure a better Facebook experience.
Readers, do you any other tips for keeping it clean?


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Top 10 coffee shops
Copenhagen is a coffee paradise. Numerous coffee bars have sprouted up in the city, the cafes have upgraded their coffee menus and the barista has replaced the bartender as the known face behind the counter where Copenhageners meet.
We also recommend our guides to top 10 cafes and Copenhagen tea rooms.
Items on the list


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January 2009 Volume 11 Number 1 Page 2 |
Cover Story Enriching SUNY Library Collections Features |
What tools and techniques can we use to guide our students and other researchers to vetted, librarian- selected resources? This and other related questions continue to vex us even as progress is made. More than half of the SUNY libraries have opted for the 360Search federated search software and service as, at least, a partial answer to this question. 360Search (from Serials Solutions) allows for a single search to be sent to multiple databases and other electronic resources simultaneously. Likewise, librarians can create groups of databases (and including the local library catalog and other OPACs) based on subject areas/research disciplines that are searched all at once. While, by no means a perfect solution to the vexing problem, nevertheless, a federated search tool like 360Search can be a good way to highlight resources your users should be more familiar with. The tool also provides merged, de-duplicated results clustered by topics, a feature that can enhance and refine a student's research. Novice and advanced users alike can link directly to a resource's native interface for more in-depth and refined searching. Subject-based search boxes can be embedded within department web pages and other locations to, again, guide researchers to appropriate resources.With this development we see a partial fulfillment of one of the Shared Search & Discovery Services Committee's (SSDSC) recommendations to S.A.C. A superlative implementation will require attention to another of the group's recommendations. That is, the need for continued and renewed emphasis on bibliographic instruction. Main campus contacts have begun working with Serials Solutions on 360Search implementation. The vendor requests information from the library about database groupings, subject categories, and software customization. That is then taken and put into place by the vendor. Approximately six weeks time is needed for the intial set-up. OLIS acknowledges and commends the SUNY librarians involved in 360Search implementation. Full use should be made of the various Serials Solutions resources. In addition, a SUNY email group (firstname.lastname@example.com) related to Serials Solutions' products is a valuable resource. Those newer to federated search software can use the list to hear from those who have had more experience. SSDSC's recommendation of 360Search was based partially on the positive views of Serials Solutions as a responsive and supportive commercial partner. This was also seen in the business dealings related to 360Search. Comparisons are a bit tricky, but the offering to SUNY was at approximately half of the regular cost. This, and instead of limiting the number of databases, the SUNY offer is for an unlimited number of commercial database connections. For the existing SUNY customers, this has meant increased capabilities for less money. "As you know, as prior customers we are all set up so we should be OK. We appreciate the savings your good [OLIS] efforts are sending our way. It almost offsets the budget cut for this year." Maryruth Glogowski, Associate Vice President, Library & Instructional Technology, Buffalo State College. In addition, the vendor has been accomodating in terms of credits/refunds for those existing customers -- Buffalo Center, Buffalo State, Empire, Erie, FIT, Fredonia, Jefferson, Nassau, Oneonta, Purchase, Rockland, Stony Brook, Stony Brook HSC, and Westchester. New 360Search libraries -- Alfred U./Ceramics, Brockport,Canton, Cayuga, Cobleskill, Columbia-Greene, Downstate,Dutchess, Finger Lakes, Geneseo, Herkimer,
Maritime, Monroe, New Paltz, Niagara, Potsdam,
Schenectady, and Suffolk. |


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These 20 Films Are Up For The Best Animated Picture Oscar
Such a long list of animated features might seem intimidating. But let's break it down so you can be as informed as a member of the Academy.
rio 2
Kristy Puchko
This Week In Home Entertainment: Hell On Wheels And More
Apparently, lead actor Anson Mount grew up a pretty big Charlie Daniels fan. So, one time he randomly tweeted about him. Turns out Charlie Daniels was a huge fan of
Hell On Wheels
; so, they started communicating back and forth. Eventually, Daniels volunteered to write a song for the show in exchange for one round of golf, which is badass.
rio 2
Jessica Rawden
The Blue Macaw Who Inspired Rio Has Died With No Offspring
In the 2011 film
, a male blue macaw one of the most endangered species on Earth is discovered living in Minnesota and is flown all the way down to Rio de Janeiro in the hopes that he can help repopulate the species with a female blue macaw. The story has a happy ending, as Blu and Jewel wind up living happily ever after with three children. Keep those cheery memories in mind as you read the next few paragraphs, because Im about to lay some unfortunate real world on you.
rio 2
Eric Eisenberg
Rio 3: The Cast Tells Us Where They Want To Go In A Sequel
Does this mean that
Rio 3
is inevitable? Probably. Director Carlos Saldanha has dabbled in sequels over the years, having helmed three
Ice Age
movies and a second
rio 2
Sean O'Connell
Weekend Box Office: Winter Soldiers Holds Top Spot Against Rio 2 And Oculus
After a competition-free opening last weekend,
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
managed to hold on to the number one spot yet again with three newcomers encroaching on its audiences.
rio 2
Scott Gwin
Now Streaming: Netflix Instant Alternatives To Oculus, Under The Skin, And Rio 2
Looking to
Oculus, Under The Skin
Rio 2
for inspiration, we've pulled together a selection of female-fronted horror, mind-bending science fiction, and high-flying animated adventures.
rio 2
Kristy Puchko
To 3D Or Not To 3D: Buy The Right Rio 2 Ticket
Our theatrical review will weigh in on whether or not this new release is worth your time, while this column will focus solely on the film's use of 3D. Considering seven separate categories, To 3D Or Not To 3D evaluates the full scope of the 3D viewing experience. Think of it as a consumer's guide for your movie-going, complete with a viewers poll where you can weigh in on how you plan to see
Rio 2
rio 2
Kristy Puchko
Anne Hathaway, Jamie Foxx And The Rio 2 Cast Tell Us Which Soundtracks They Grew Up On
I traveled to Miami to attend the world premiere of
Rio 2
and sit down with the cast. Well have coverage on the sequel for the rest of the week, but I wanted to start with a question I posed each celeb: Which movie soundtrack did you wear out as a kid because it reminded you of a beloved movie?
rio 2
Sean O'Connell
This Rotten Week: Predicting Draft Day, Oculus and Rio 2 Reviews
Spring has sprung. Time to get outside and frolic. That is right after you check out some of the movies weve got going this week. Its the NFL Draft, haunted mirrors and a return to Rio.
rio 2
Doug Norrie
April Movie Preview: Captain America, Johnny Depp And Nicolas Cage's Beard Save Cinema
No fooling, cinema-goers, April is the first month of 2014 that is absolutely stocked to the gills with (hopefully) quality movies in every genre imaginable. I mean, we know some of these movies are going to stink, but the ratio of success to failure will likely be in our favor.
rio 2
Nick Venable
Rio 2 Trailer Shows Off Excellent Visuals And A Familiar Storyline
On the one hand, it starts off with one of the more gorgeous animated crowd shots that Ive ever seen, and those pristine visuals look like they will be present throughout the whole movie. But on the other hand, it looks like a watered down retread of the first film, which is what a lot of animated sequels tend to be anyway. And I really wasnt all that impressed with
s story to begin with.
rio 2
Nick Venable
Rio 2 Adds Bruno Mars, Kristin Chenoweth To Voice Cast
Andy Garcia, Bruno Mars and Broadway superstar Kristin Chenoweth (wholl join Seth MacFarlane to close the Oscars on Sunday) are the first new names added to the vocal cast for the animated sequel
Rio 2
rio 2
Sean O'Connell
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Dr. Finlay's Casebook (TV and radio)
Doctor Finlay's Casebook | |
Created by | A. J. Cronin |
Starring | Bill Simpson Andrew Cruickshank Barbara Mullen |
Country of origin | United Kingdom |
Original language(s) | English |
No. of episodes | 191 |
Production | |
Running time | 50 min. |
Broadcast | |
Original channel | BBC One |
Original run | 16 August 1962 – 3 January 1971 |
Dr. Finlay's Casebook is a television series that was broadcast on the BBC from 1962 until 1971.[1] Based on A. J. Cronin's novella entitled Country Doctor, the storylines centred on a general medical practice in the fictional Scottish town of Tannochbrae during the late 1920s. Cronin was the primary writer for the show between 1962 and 1964.
The main characters were Dr. Finlay, the junior partner in the practice, played by Bill Simpson, Dr. Cameron, the craggy senior partner, played by Andrew Cruickshank and Janet, their unflappable housekeeper and receptionist at Arden House, played by Barbara Mullen. Other recurrent characters included Dr. Snoddie, Finlay's crusty detractor and Janet's admirer, played by Eric Woodburn and gossipy Mistress Niven (the district nurse), played by Effie Morrison.
- Bill Simpson as Dr. Alan Finlay
- Andrew Cruickshank as Dr. Angus Cameron
- Barbara Mullen as Janet MacPherson
- Eric Woodburn as Dr. Alexander Snoddie
- Effie Morrison as Mistress Niven
- Neil Wilson as Sgt. Gilbey
- David Macmillan as Constable Dickie
- Molly Urquhart as Matron
- Robert James as Mr. Gibson
- Delia Paton as Sister
- Bryden Murdoch as Galbraith
- Marigold Sharman as Mrs. Rae
- James Copeland as 'Hooky' Buchanan
- Helena Gloag as Mrs. Ballantyne
- Leonard Maguire as Lewis Gilbride
- Calum Mill as Andrew McGregor
Filming location[edit]
Although it is widely documented that location work for the original series was filmed in the town of Callander in Perthshire, the very first six episodes were filmed in Tannoch Drive, Milngavie, where the fictional Arden House was situated on the right-hand side as one approaches Tannoch Loch. It was the ducks on that loch that formed part of the opening sequence of the programme. The preceding shot is of the Red Bridge over the River Teith. Other outdoor scenes were filmed in Kilbarchan, Church Street in particular has changed little since filming took place. In one of those first episodes, Dr. Finlay (Bill Simpson) crashed his old Bullnose Morris into the wall of Arden House—and that was not in the script. Another episode, filmed at night along Mugdock Road[citation needed], found the local policeman, somewhat inebriated, on his bicycle in a scene with Dr. Snoddie. The interior scenes were shot in various BBC studios in London and Glasgow.
From 1970 until 1978, episodes from Dr. Finlay's Casebook were broadcast on BBC Radio 4 with some of the same actors from the television programme. Twenty episodes were broadcast on BBC 7 in the autumn of 2003 and have been repeated annually since. In 2001 and 2002, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a version of the original Cronin stories using the titles, The Adventures of a Black Bag and Doctor Finlay - Further Adventures of a Black Bag; these have been rebroadcast by BBC 7. The adaptations are set in Levenford, the original setting chosen by Cronin, rather than Tannochbrae. The role of Dr. Finlay was played by John Gordon Sinclair. Dr. Cameron was played by Brian Pettifer, and Janet was played initially by Katy Murphy, and then by Celia Imrie. David Tennant was a frequent guest actor.
The programme's famous theme tune was Trevor Duncan's march from A Little Suite. The other two movements from the Suite were often used as background music. The characters from the series are also featured in a song entitled Dr. Finlay by Andy Stewart, which scored a minor Top 50 hit in 1965.
Simply Media TV released the first series of Dr Finlay's Casebook in March 2013, and the second series will be released early in 2014.
Cronin received copies of the scripts, and he wrote a blunt letter to the series' script editor in 1964, expressing his dissatisfaction with the progression of the show. Word leaked to the media, and in June 1964, stories appeared in the national press suggesting that the author wanted the series to end. One newspaper even accused the author of "maliciously doing millions out of legitimate enjoyment." The outcry from the viewing public was immediate, and sackfuls of mail were dispatched to Cronin's home in Switzerland. He issued a statement on 7 June to refute the charges made against him:
I have had hundreds of letters from viewers saying how sorry they were that the series was ending and that they were sorry that I was to blame. I don't like to disappoint anybody, but just lately the series has got out of line. The scripts have been getting ragged and introduced extraneous characters. If you overrun a programme, you end up with a soap opera. What annoys me is that the BBC have placed the whole onus of the row on me. I have written telling them it is a matter of improving scripts. I have no intention of stopping the series.
By the following year, the series was a national institution. A Bill Simpson Fan Club was set up, Andy Stewart's Dr Finlay was in the Hit Parade for five weeks, and Andrew Cruickshank was invited as a guest of honour at the British Medical Association's annual dinner to speak on medical matters as if he were a real GP.[2]
See also[edit]
- Dr. Finlay (about the fictional character)
- Doctor Finlay (about the follow-up television series (1993-6)
- ^ Haining, Peter. On Call with Doctor Finlay. London: Boxtree Limited, 1994
External links[edit]
- BBC Scotland - Dr. Finlay's Casebook at bbc.co.uk (clip)
- BBC article on 50th anniversary rebroadcast
- Dr Finlay's Casebook episodes
- British Film Institute Screen Online
- Background to Dr. Finlay's Casebook - television & radio
- BBC Radio 4: Dr Finlay
- Doctor Finlay: The Further Adventures of a Black Bag - BBC Radio 7
- Dr. Finlay's Casebook at the Internet Movie Database
- Dr. Finlay's Casebook at TV.com
- National Library of Scotland
- Article about Cronin and the NHS
- BBC television dramas
- BBC Television programmes
- BBC Radio programmes
- 1960s British television series
- 1970s British television series
- 1962 British television programme debuts
- 1971 British television programme endings
- Lost BBC episodes
- British medical television series
- Television series set in the 1920s
- Period television series
- Television programmes based on works by A. J. Cronin
- Radio series about health care
- Television shows set in Scotland
- 1960s Scottish television series
- 1970s Scottish television series


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Find out how an RE teacher approaches the study of Buddhism with a Year 8 class of mainly Muslim pupils.
Azam Ali is head of RE at Challenge College in Bradford where most of the students are Muslim. The majority of his students don't have an issue with learning about other faiths but occasionally students ask why they can't just learn about Islam.
As a Muslim himself, Azam reminds his Islamic students that their religion is about racial harmony, social harmony, learning about other ideas and cultures and learning about other faiths.
However, Azam knows how important it is to ensure no student is excluded because of his or her faith and so, when teaching his class about Buddhism, is aware of the sensitivities some Muslims could have.
Amongst other things, Azam realises some students could have issues with drawing images of the Buddha, particularly when in Islam idol worship is considered to be a very grave sin. He knows that some students might feel that they may be doing something that's wrong.
Part of the series: Aim Higher
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Take a look at the entire new and used automobile stock of Bucksport Land Rover dealers at Autobytel.com Browse current and past-production vehicles for sale by manufacturer date, cost, gas mileage, or distance from your home. It is simple to locate Land Rover dealers in Bucksport. Purchasing a vehicle is quite a large investment. Do some legwork by studying all the various options to get the most out of your investment. See the inventory Bucksport Land Rover dealers currently have on-hand.
Cyberspace has become the first place that car shoppers look when starting the car buying process. Do not waste an entire day by driving to every Land Rover dealer Bucksport. Rather; see the entire vehicle inventories of Land Rover dealers in Bucksport from the comfort of your own home at the Autobytel.com website. There is a ton of data on current cars and those that are out-of-production. You can compare multiple vehicles at once. Also find the starting cost of almost any recently produced automobile. The huge online database at Autobytel.com offers so much more. See a vehicle's safety rating, fuel economy, performance figures, standard equipment and more. Search for Bucksport Land Rover dealers with one easy click of a mouse.
Any great Land Rover dealer Bucksport has much more to offer than new and used sales. Respectable Bucksport Land Rover dealerships will also have new car leases available. There will be a massive amount of factory car parts on-hand at a Bucksport Land Rover dealer. If you buy a new vehicle then most often Land Rover dealers in Bucksport will offer the first few service appointments for free since service is covered under the new car warranty. Own a past-production vehicle and need some major repairs? Then most Bucksport Land Rover dealers will have a repair center on the premises. These repair centers employ only factory trained professionals. A Land Rover dealer Bucksport can provide so much more including service coupons, special maintenance offers, incentives, and rebates.
Autobytel.com also has a nice and convenient system for rating Bucksport Land Rover dealerships. Find out how people feel about their experience at a local dealer. This could be a saving grace. After all would you really buy a car from a Bucksport Land Rover dealer if they had nothing but negative reviews. Since you have a few different choices of Land Rover dealers in Bucksport, it is important to arm yourself with as much information as possible so you do not make the wrong decision.
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A4 sheet of 100 gsm plain translucent vellum paper.
Our high quality vellums come in a range of colours, and are also available cut into all our standard insert sizes. They can be printed on and used as inserts, or used for layering.


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In times of financial constraint and increasing competition for employment, the incidence of fraud increases. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) in the UK estimates that 40% of CVs are false.
Counterfeiting of certificates and falsifying of training documents is also seen as an increasing challenge. To combat this, TWI Certification Ltd provides a free, web-based certificate verification service (CSWIP and BGAS-CSWIP) via http://www.cswip.com/verification/
Please ensure that you make full use of this service and report any anomalies to us for investigation and follow-up.
If you have any queries, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
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