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Nicknamed the 'Philosopher's Stone' due to the profound thoughts and insights it can inspire, the Psilocybe tampanensis was the first truffle discovered and cultivated. Despite their 'philosophical' reputation, the laughs, euphoria and intense visuals associated with magic mushroom use are also present. Mood and setting remain important folks!
The mildest truffle in our range and a great variety to start with if you're an aspiring psychonaut (or just curious). Psilocybe mexicana promise a pleasantly euphoric trip and overall feelings of jollity and contentment. Used in Mexican religious ceremonies since long before the Spanish conquistadores arrived, it was the first mushroom in which psilocybin was discovered.
Psilocybe atlantis is closely related to the mexicana, but stronger. Also known as the 'Fruits of Utopia', the atlantis is noted for the vividness of its visual effects; beautiful and filled with colour this has led them to be favoured by the more experienced shroomer. This truffle variety also has a taste and aroma that many find more appealing than the other varieties.
Pajaritos is Spanish for 'little bird', a name the variety was given for their effect of making you feel like one (in the sense of thoughts fluttering happily around your mind, NOT for being able to fly!). Also known as Mayan Magic, some users do report mild hallucinations with this variety.
As its name suggests, Psilocybe hollandia is a new truffle developed and grown in the Netherlands by the country's leading truffle producer. Nearly twice as strong as the other varieties, it's already popular with experienced shroomers looking for a longer trip with more intense visuals (which hollandia delivers more reliably).
The Psilocybe dragon magic truffle is a variety of Psilocybe atlantis that gets its name from an unusually gnarled shape that has been likened to that of a dragon. It is the product of a lengthier growing period and is one of the more potent truffles as a result.
The Psilocybe Mexicana is probably the most well-known psilocybin mushroom strain that develops sclerotia, also called magic truffles. This variety is rather mild, but will give you warm fuzzy feelings and a powerloaded and happy trip full of creativity and - at high doses - spiritual enlightenment. On a scale of 5, the strength of Psilocybe Mexicana ranks at 2.5
The psilocybe Fantasia is "food for fantasy" and is known for its heavy visuals and twisted, sometimes bizarre, thoughts. You will encounter deeper colors, bending furniture and a warm, euphoric vibe and shivers that rush through your whole body from time to time. It takes only 5 grams to perceive the world with altered senses. We give this strain a 3 in strength on a 5 scale.
The meaning of the Spanish term Pajaritos is "little birds" and refers to the small size of the individual sclerotium. But don't get fooled by the cute name - these magic truffles will make those little birds twitter in your brain bowl. 5 grams are sufficient for a nice first experience on a philosophical, creative and social trip. With a 3 of 5 rating a mild to medium strong strain.
The psilocybe Mokum provides a highly creative and philosophical, social trip, similar to the effect of the psilocybe Tampanensis, but stronger. Locals often call Amsterdam Mokum and since this strain is a local specialty from Amsterdam, it has been named Mokum. Psilocybin Mokum truffles have a medium effect - we classified it as a 3.5 on our 5 finger scale.
The psilocybe Tampanensis is perfectly suited for advanced psychonauts. This variety was first found in Tampa, Florida in 1977 and is well-known as "Philosopher's Stones". On our 5 finger scale, we give it a 3.5 - a medium strong strain that provides strong visuals, creative thinking and a feeling of being close to nature and linked to your fellow psychonauts.
The psilocybe Atlantis was found in Fulton County, Georgia (US) and is closely related to the psilocybe Mexicana, but is much stronger. Taking magic truffles of the psilocybe Atlantis will make your creativity bloom and open your mind for different thinking while your eyes feast on a new reality. Those effects are accompanied with a warm, fuzzy feeling of euphoria. Strength: 4 of 5.
The psilocybe Pandora is #3 in our list of strength - only the Hollandia and Utopia varieties are stronger. 3-5 grams of these mind-expanding magic truffles are enough to get a grasp of "a different kind of reality", with odd thoughts and sharpened senses. Very philosophic trains of thoughts, creativity and a social feeling accompanied with warm euphoria. Strength: 4.5 of 5.
The psilocybe Hollandia is one of our most powerful strains. These very strong nodules reach the full score on our 5 finger scale - this is the top of the charts. One pack of 15 grams is enough for two strong trips with - ideal for an experience with your most trusted buddy. You will share an undescribable feeling of euphoria, closeness and solidarity and creative thinking.
The psilocybe Utopia is a straight 5 out of 5 on the power scale. This strain can provide you with a ticket to a magic world. Only a few grams of these power-loaded nodules and you will see the world in a different light and angle, your brain shifts to a higher gear and produces deep thoughts and even with closed eyes the perception remains bright and colorful.
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Glam up your everyday style with the casually gorgeous BeautiFeel Gemma. This dual-tone pewter and black leather women's boot has a mid-ankle height shaft and a 1 inch thick heel for durability and support. Plus, they pair extremely well with skinny jeans and leggings! They're also comfortable. The Gemma features a full-length heel-to-toe memory foam padded footbed to give your feet the utmost comfort and protection as you stroll from destination to destination.
Beautifeel Gemma Pewter/Black Leather Women's Shoe
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depends on the popuarity of the character (out of comics)
depends on how powerful the character is. not a lot of people would give the guy that can pull the planet the stink eye. (in comics)
Trust is a major issue for superhero teams. We ask Scott Snyder, Josh Fialkov, Scott Lobdell, Brian Buccellato, Adam Beechen and Alex Sinclair this very question.
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A mouth-watering issue
A combination of a clip show & deleted scenes.
Batman and Green Arrow chase the Joker
Red Tornado faces a difficult decision
Red Tornado vs. Tornado Tyrant
G-Man & RedLAMP give it a review
Now the people of Gotham can sleep at night
Should this series continue as is?
G-Man & RedLAMP talk about Doom's Master
Bat-Mite's imagination runs away
Bat-Mite offers some costume suggestions
Bat-Mite runs a comic-con panel in the 5th dimension
Have you been reading the current arc?
Who wouldn't want a Herogasm?
This issue makes me a little sad...
G-Man talks about the other G-Man
The Comic Vine Review
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a. Cynicism: "That safety stuff is junk."
b. Fatalism: "Well, accidents do happen."
c. Laziness: "It's too much work."
d. Temper: "I'll do it my way."
e. Forgetfulness: "I thought to.... but ......
f. Carelessness: "I was paying attention to something else."
g. Ignorance: "I didn't know it was poison."
h. Overconfidence: "Things like that never happen to me."
i. Recklessness: "It's not that bad."
j. Showing off: "Look at what I can do."
lsb 04/15/2002


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Space Telescope Science Institute |
Cycle 23 STIS Instrument Handbook |
firstname.lastname@example.com |
These plots and the derived FWHM presented below in tabular form show that increasing the slit width for point source observations has very little effect on the FWHM of the observed lines but does broaden the wings of the LSFs. This occurs because a wider aperture allows more of the wings of the HST Optical Telescope Assembly PSF to enter but does not change the shape of the inner part of the PSF which is quite narrow. The implications of the LSF wings on line profile and equivalent width measures are discussed in more detail in Section 13.7. For diffuse source observations, don't forget that widening the slit, while it allows more light to enter, also will degrade the spectral resolution obtained.


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Explore Slovakia Where to go When to go Fact file Getting there Getting around Accommodation Food and drink Culture and etiquette Sports and activities Travel essentials Share Costs Daily budget Basic €30, occasional treat €40 Drink Beer €1.70 Food Gnocchi with bacon €4 Hostel/budget hotel €15/30 Travel Bratislava–Košice (train): 5hr–6hr 35min, €14 Crime and personal safety Violent crime is fairly rare and pickpocketing or petty theft is the biggest danger. You should carry a photocopy of your passport with you, as ID is required by law. Emergencies Police 158; Ambulance 155; Fire 150; General emergency 112 Health Small ailments can be dealt with by the pharmacist (lekáreň); for bigger problems go to the nearest hospital (nemocnica). Information Most towns have some kind of tourist office (informačné centrum), usually with English-speaking staff. In summer they're generally open Monday to Friday 9am to 6pm, Saturday and Sunday 9am to 2pm; in winter they tend to close an hour earlier and all day Sunday. Maps are available from tourist offices, bookshops and some hotels. The Slovak for town plan is plán mesta. slovakia.org Political, historical, cultural and economic information. slovakia.travel Tourist information in a variety of languages with travel tips and event information. spectator.sme.sk English-language weekly with news and listings. slovak-republic.org Upcoming events and attractions as well as other travel information. Internet You'll find an internet café in most towns; the average charge is €3 per hour. Mail Most post offices (pošta) open Monday to Friday 8am to 5pm. You can buy stamps (známky) from tobacconists (trafika) and street kiosks, and it's also worth asking in anywhere that sells postcards. Money and banks The euro was introduced in Slovakia in 2009. Credit and debit cards are accepted in upmarket hotels and restaurants and some shops, and there are plenty of ATMs in larger towns. Exchange offices (zmenáreň) can be found in big hotels, travel agencies and department stores, but it's usually better value to change your money in a bank. To get a student discount (which is often as much as fifty percent) you'll need an ISIC, as most places won't accept your university ID card. Opening hours and holidays Opening hours for local shops are in the region of 9am to 6pm on weekdays and 9am to noon Saturdays, with supermarkets staying open later and sometimes on Sundays. Smaller rural shops close for an hour at lunchtime. Opening hours for sights and attractions are usually Tuesday to Sunday 9am to 5pm. Out of the season hours are often restricted to weekends and holidays. Most castles are closed in winter. When visiting a sight, ask for English (anglický) text. Admission rarely costs more than €4. Public holidays include January 1, January 6, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May 1, May 8, July 5, August 29, September 1, September 15, November 1, November 17, December 24, 25 and 26. Phones Cheap local calls can be made from any phone, but for international calls it's best to buy a phonecard (telefónna karta) from a tobacconist or post office. Read More
Explore Slovakia Bratislava Central Slovakia East Slovakia Inspiration Things not to miss Explore Slovakia Features Where Next? Check out Bratislava Book a hostel in Slovakia Latest Discussion Essentials Essentials Fact file Getting there Getting around Accommodation Food and drink Culture and etiquette Sports and activities Travel essentials


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With controversy circling Herman Cain all week, pundits have begun searching for the next conservative bubble. With Mitt Romney unable to top 25 percent in the polls, some candidate must step in to fill the conservative void, or so the thinking goes. Perhaps Newt Gingrich will get his moment in the sun. Or maybe Rick Santorum will steal away Cain's supporters in Iowa polls.
At first glance, the latter wouldn't seem too surprising. A former senator from a swing state, Santorum has never strayed far from conservative doctrine and wouldn't face the problems that might sink Rick Perry's candidacy. While other presidential candidates have been slow to invest in the early states, Santorum has been a constant presence in Iowa, earlier this week becoming the first candidate of the cycle to visit all of Iowa's 99 counties.
But there will likely be no Rick Santorum boom. Even as the Republican Party drifts further and further right with each passing month, that shift is largely contained to issues of economic justice or disparaging undocumented immigrants. Santorum's sole selling point is his appeal to the most intolerant sensibilities of the social conservative movement, putting him to the extreme of the current crop of candidates. It would be a completely alienating style for the general election. Just look at the policies he will layout today in an Iowa speech to kick of his "Moral, Cultural Policies for a Santorum White House" tour:
The congressional directives he's going to include in the speech are calling on Congress to abolish the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, advocating for a personhood amendment, and calling on Congress to reinstitute Don't Ask/Don't Tell.
The executive orders he's going to mention are wanting to reinstitute the Mexico City Policy to "stop tax-payer funding or promotion of abortion overseas." He's also planning on repealing Title X family planning regulations and will direct Health and Human Services "to restore the separation of Title X family planning from abortion practices and restore a ban on referrals for abortion." He's going to include an issue he aggressively advocated for while in the Senate: trying to revive the Defense of Marriage Act, a federal amendment that would legally make marriage between a man and a woman despite state laws that allow for same sex marriage.
Those views fly in the face of polls on public sentiments. Before "don't ask, don't tell" was repealed last December, almost 80 percent of Americans believed gays and lesbians should be free to openly serve in the military. A new survey from Pew released this week also showed that the country is increasingly open to extending marriage rights to same-sex couples.
Santorum's views on abortion are just as out of touch from the mainstream. As the Prospect's Pema Levy explains in our upcoming issue, personhood is viewed as extreme among the pro-life movement. A national personhood amendment wouldn't just ban abortions, it would also outlaw many common forms of contraception and in vitro fertilization.
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Frame & Sash EquipmentThe Pro Pegasus DS mitre semi-automatic saw includes heavy-duty mechanisms and a 1 1/4-inch wide (from tooth to back of the blade) saw blade. From Pat Mooney Inc.—The Saw Company, the precision gear drive saw provides 40 percent greater beam strength than 1-inch wide blades, the company reports. An electronic display of the cutting angle assists operator setup. Semi-automatic operations... more »
Glass & IG Processing EquipmentThe FCH2 architectural flat-glass tempering system from Glasstech Inc. is a gas-fired, forced-convection system that processes clear or coated glass, including hard- and soft-coated low-E glass. Under normal circumstances, the system can heat clear glass at a typical cycle time of 30 seconds per millimeter of thickness and high-performance, soft-coat low-E glass at a typical cycle time of 33... more »
Frame & Sash EquipmentUpcut Saws from Pat Mooney Inc.'s The Saw Company quickly and accurately saw aluminum extrusions with a burr-free mirror finish. The saw is housed under the worktable and travels up through the piece, promoting safe operation, easy chip removal and a longer blade life, the company reports. Strong 5 horsepower to 7.5 horsepower drive systems enable maximum cutting force and chip removal,... more »
Frame & Sash EquipmentA CNC router from Accurate Tool & Die offers a new optional W axis with precise push through, ideal for patio doors up to 10 feet in height, the company reports. With a 3.25 HP motor, the machine is 261¼2 inches long, 35 inches wide and 83 inches high. Travel on the X-axis is available as an option, as is a fully automated guard enclosure. It features a Windows-based programming... more »
Glass & IG Processing EquipmentThe Versa-Glaze 1500 is a new wet glazing table suited for specialty shape frames or manufacturers looking for a lower-cost entry into liquid sealants. Introudced by Haeco at GlassBuild America, the machine utilizes linear servo controls to consistently provide a uniform bead of sealant as the operator slides the profile along the smooth-top table. The system is engineered for minimal... more »
Frame & Sash EquipmentThe new line of SmartVinyl production equipment and software incorporates the lean manufacturing capabilities of i-3 Technology. The line is part of GED Integrated Solutions' vision of a SmartPlant, integrating glass and vinyl production with LeanNet software solutions to help manufacturers gain control and eliminate confusion on the production floor. The new line features the SmartClean i-... more »
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Mars Express Finds a Frozen Sea
Air Date: 04/25/2005
Run Time: 0:28:50
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Support Planetary RadioProfessor Gerhard Neukum is Principal Investigator for the High Resolution Stereo Camera aboard the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter. That camera has uncovered strong evidence of a frozen body of water the size of the North Sea. You'll hear about this and other discoveries. Emily Lakdawalla answers a question about the Earth's magnetic field. Bruce Betts gives away the first of our new Solar Sail posters on What's Up! All this, and space headlines.
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Carolines blog
12 jul 2012 09:38
Caroline Blomst
Maison Martin Margiela Replica Beach Walk. Featuring bergamot, lemon, pink pepper, ylang-ylang, coconut milk, musk and heliotrope. Inspired by a walk in the fresh ocean air of the Corsican beach of Calvi in 1972... How amazing does that sound?!? If it sniffs as good as it sounds I need to get this one.
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Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
From: brenda robson (robsonbrenda_at_TeacherArtExchange) Date: Sun Jul 01 2001 - 14:36:32 PDT
Anyone have any ideas how to simulate egyptian paper for a stamping lesson? Brenda


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Firefox 3.5 Pushes Mozilla Back Among the Top of the Browser Heap
In the last year, Firefox has faced challengers in areas in which it was always comfortably ahead. However, with the release of Firefox 3.5, Mozilla has addressed many of the biggest problems of its Web browser. Most of the changes are under the hood, but the improvements are enough to make Firefox one of the most compelling browsers available, and enough to earn the new version an eWEEK Labs Analyst's Choice award.
By pretty much any measure, Mozilla's Firefox browser has been a huge success. Firefox is one of the most successful open-source applications of all time, second only to the Apache Web server. And in just a few short years, Firefox has been able to take significant market share away from Microsoft's Internet Explorer, a task that seemed impossible when Firefox first launched. But in the last year, Firefox has faced challengers in areas in which it was always comfortably ahead of IE, such as innovative new features, standards support and reliability. In many ways, the only claim to superiority that Firefox most recently had over rivals such as Apple Safari, Google Chrome and Opera was in its large community of add-ons.For images of Firefox 3.5 in action, click here.


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Titel: | 2010 Joss JP1 Supercar V1.0 (Download) |
Kategorie: | /Cars/Sonstiges |
Autor: | gamebp Website | Email |
Datum: | 19.10.2013 | 4269 Downloads |
Dateigröße: | 5.048 MB |
Bewertung: | 8.10 bei 50 Bewertungen |
model from:Forza Horizon
converted:gamebp version:v1.0 |
Dein Nickname: Deine Nachricht: Smileys: |
Du musst registriert und eingeloggt sein, um Kommentare zu posten!
@FF Ultimate, It's not about quality etc. Most of his mods (read: all) are stolen, and he try to teach ME how to comment
I agree with 'IForgotPassword '
because really .. its too intensive ..
and your mods were used to be really high quality, (i mean mods that have made before you quit)
but its not as same quality as that time :(
I know that you are too dumb to guess for what are comments, so I can post my opinions here, not only "awesome 100000/10" as you like to see in your (stolen) mods
Make Pagani Zonda R (with carbon and sponsors(aftermarkets) u make best mods i download only ur cars i have forza horizon and your mods is really very good pro (like)
"You should"
You post that a lot. Do you think you're talking to your children?


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Spanish Air Force
Ejército del Aire | |
Spanish Air Force seal
Founded | 7 October 1939 – present |
Country | Spain |
Allegiance | King Felipe VI |
Branch | Air Force |
Size | 20,300 (2012)[1][2] 450 aircraft |
Part of | Ministry of Defence |
Command HQ | Cuartel General del Ejército del Aire (CGEA) |
Patron | Our Lady of Loreto |
Motto | "Per aspera ad astra" |
March | Spanish Air Force Anthem |
Anniversaries | 10 December |
Engagements | |
Commanders | |
Commander in Chief and Captain General | King Felipe VI |
Chief of the Air Force Staff | Air General Francisco Javier García Arnaiz |
Insignia | |
Roundel | |
Fin flash | |
Aircraft flown | |
Attack | F/A-18 |
Fighter | F/A-18, Eurofighter |
Patrol | P-3 Orion, CASA CN-235 |
Reconnaissance | Falcon 20 |
Trainer | F-5, CASA C-101, Beechcraft Bonanza, King Air, Colibrí |
Transport | C-130 Hercules, CASA C-295, CASA CN-235, Boeing 707, Airbus A310, Eurocopter Cougar |
The Spanish Air Force (SPAF) (Spanish: Ejército del Aire; literally, "Army of the Air") is the aerial branch of the Spanish Armed Forces.
The early stages[edit]
Hot air balloons had been used with military purposes in Spain as far back as 1896. In 1905, with the help of Alfredo Kindelán, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo directed the construction of the first Spanish dirigible in the Army Military Aerostatics Service, created in 1896 and located in Guadalajara. The new airship was completed successfully and, named 'España', made numerous test and exhibition flights.
The Spanish Army air arm, however, took off formally in 1909 when Colonel Pedro Vives and Captain Alfredo Kindelán made an official trip to different European cities to check the potential of introducing airships and airplanes in the Spanish Armed Forces. One year later a Royal decree established the National Aviation School, Escuela Nacional de Aviación (civil) in Getafe, near Madrid, under the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Ministerio de Fomento. The established institution became militarized under the name Aeronáutica Española when Colonel Pedro Vives was chosen to lead it as director of the Aeronáutica Militar, Military Aeronautics, the name of the air arm of the Spanish Army. Captain Alfredo Kindelán was named Chief of Aviation, Jefe de Aviación.[3]
On 17 December 1913, during the war with Morocco, a Spanish expeditionary squadron of the Aeronáutica Española became the first organized military air unit to see combat during the first systematic bombing in history by dropping aerial bombs from a Lohner Flecha (Arrow) airplane on the plain of Ben Karrix in Morocco.[3][4] During the years that followed, most of the military activity of the Spanish Air Force would take place in Northern Morocco.
In 1915 Spain's first seaplane base was opened at Los Alcazares on the Mar Menor in the Murcia region and Alfredo Kindelán was named Military Aeronautics Director, displacing Pedro Vives. The Catalan Flying School was established in Can Tunis, Barcelona the following year and Getafe Aerodrome became a full-fledged military air base. In 1919 General Francisco Echagüe replaced Kindelán as leader of the Aeronáutica Española.
In 1920 two Nieuport 80 and one Caudron G.3 were first painted with squadron identification numbers and the Spanish Air Force roundel. Shortly thereafter the Aeronáutica Naval, the air branch of the Spanish Navy, already established through a Royal decree four years earlier, became functional in El Prat, in the same location as present-day Barcelona Airport.[5] In 1921, following the Spanish defeat at Annual, known as Desastre de Annual in Spain, the Zeluán Aerodrome was taken over by the Rif army and another aerodrome was built at Nador. Lieutenant Colonel Kindelán was named Jefe Superior de Aeronáutica, becoming chief-commander of the air force in 1926, at the time when Spanish Morocco was retaken and the Rif War ended.
In 1926 a crew of Spanish aviators, that included Ramón Franco, Julio Ruiz de Alda, Juan Manuel Duran and Pablo Rada, completed the first Trans-Atlantic flight between Spain and South America in January 1926 on the Plus Ultra.
In 1930 the Aeronaval Base in San Javier was established and in the same year a pro-Republican revolt in the Cuatro Vientos military aerodrome near Madrid was quashed. After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, General Luis Lombarte Serrano replaced Kindelán as chief-commander of the air force, but he would be quickly succeeded by Commander Ramón Franco, younger brother of later dictator Francisco Franco. Captain Cipriano Rodríguez Díaz and Lieutenant Carlos de Haya González flew non-stop to Equatorial Guinea, then a Spanish colonial outpost.
Under Capitan Warlela cadastral surveys of Spain were carried out using modern methods of aerial photography in 1933. The following year Spanish engineer Juan de la Cierva took off and landed on seaplane carrier Dédalo with his autogyro C-30P. In 1934 Commander Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga became new chief-commander of the air force.
Following a Government decree dated 2d October 1935, the Dirección General de Aeronáutica was placed under the authority of the War Ministry, Ministerio de la Guerra, instead of under the Presidencia del Gobierno, following which in 1936 the Air Force regional units became restructured. Accordingly, the Spanish Navy-based Escuadra model was replaced by Región Militar divisions which are still operative today.[6]
Air warfare in the Spanish Civil War[edit]
After the military rebellion that triggered the Spanish Civil War, Spanish military aviation was divided into the Air Force of the Spanish republican government and the National Aviation (Aviación Nacional), established by the army in revolt.
In July 1936, right after the coup, the first German Junkers Ju-52 and Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM-81 arrived to help the rebels and the Fiat CR-32 fighters began operating in the Córdoba front. In August Heinkel He-51 fighters were also deployed. These planes helped the army in revolt to gain full control of the air, as did the German and Italian expeditionary forces, the Condor Legion and the Aviazione Legionaria. At first, the Spanish Republican Air Force had the control of great swathes of Spanish territory using a motley selection of planes, but the unwavering help received by Francisco Franco from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy reversed the situation.
In September 1936 the Navy and Air Ministry, Ministerio de Marina y Aire, and the Air Undersecretariat, Subsecretaria del Aire were established under the command of Indalecio Prieto as minister. The first serious air combat took place over Madrid when Italian bombers attacked the city in a massive bombing operation.[6] In the reorganization of the military in the areas of Spain that had remained loyal to the government, the new military structure of the republic merged the Aeronáutica Militar and Aeronáutica Naval, the former being the air arm of the Spanish Republican Army and the latter the naval aviation of the Spanish Republican Navy, and formed the Spanish Republican Air Force.[7] The Republican tricolor roundel was replaced by red bands for identification purposes, an insignia that had previously been used on Aeronáutica Naval aircraft during the monarchy in the 1920s, before the time of the Republic.[8][9]
Many innovative, and often lethal, aeronautical bombing techniques were tested by Hitler's Condor Legion forces on Spanish soil against the areas that remained loyal to the Republican Government with the permission of Generalísimo Franco. Nazi help to the Nationalist Air Force was part of Hitler's German re-armament strategy and the techniques that German Nazi pilots learned in Spain would later be used in World War II. Despite the devastation and the human casualties caused by the bombing of the Basque city of Guernica in 1937, known by the Luftwaffe as Operation Rügen, Hitler insisted that his longterm designs in Spain were peaceful. He called his strategy "Blumenkrieg" (Flower War), as evidenced in a January 1937 speech.[10] The international outcry over Guernica, however, would not bring about any increase in the military help provided to the beleaguered Spanish Republic.
The pilots of the Spanish Republican Air Force, often young and poorly trained were unable to check the Nazi German and Fascist Italian modern-warfare attacks. Despite Franco's claim that both air forces were equal, and despite the help of foreign pilots, Spanish Republican planes were mostly obsolete and often in a bad state of disrepair. Even after acquiring more planes from the Soviet Union in the mid-stages of the war, the Spanish Republican Air Force was no longer able to control the Spanish skies nor match the power of the German and Italian expeditionary forces in specific combat situations.[11]
The Spanish Republican Air Force became practically irrelevant since the Battle of the Ebro in 1938 when the root of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces was broken.[12] Finally it was completely disbanded after the victory on April 1, 1939.
The Franco era[edit]
The present Spanish Air Force (Ejército del Aire, or EdA) was officially established on 7 October 1939, after the end of the Spanish Civil War. The EdA was a successor to the Nationalist and Republican Air Forces. Spanish Republican colors disappeared and the black roundel of the planes was replaced by a yellow and red roundel. However, the black and white Saint Andrew's Cross (Spanish: Aspa de San Andrés) fin flash, the tail insignia of Franco's air force, as well as of the Aviazione Legionaria of Fascist Italy and the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany, is still in use in the present-day Spanish Air Force.[13]
Under the post-Civil War regional military regional structuring, all relevant air bases would be withdrawn from Catalonia. Even though formerly important air bases had been established in or around Barcelona, like the Aviación Naval, the whole northeastern area of Spain would be left with mere token presence of the Spanish Air Force, a situation that persists to this day. The Air Regions and their Command centres after the changes introduced at the beginning of the dictatorship became the following:
- 1st Air Region. Central.
- 2nd Air Region. Straits.
- 3rd Air Region. East.
- 4th Air Region. Pyrenees.
- 5th Air Region. Atlantic.
- Balearic Islands Air Zone
- Morocco Air Zone
- Canary Islands and East Africa Air Zone
The Blue Squadron (Escuadrillas Azules) was an air unit that fought alongside the Axis Powers at the time of the Blue Division, Division Azul Spanish volunteer formation in World War II. The Escuadrilla azul operated with the Luftwaffe on the Eastern Front and took part in the battle of Kursk. This squadron was the "15 Spanische Staffel"/JG 27 Afrika of the VIII Fliegerkorps, Luftflotte 2.[14]
During the first years after World War II the Spanish Air Force consisted largely of German and Italian planes and copies of them. An interesting example was the HA-1112-M1L Buchón (Pouter), this was essentially a licensed production of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 re-engined with a Rolls-Royce Merlin 500-45 for use in Spain.[15]
In March 1946 the first Spanish military paratroop unit, the Primera Bandera de la Primera Legión de Tropas de Aviación, was established in Alcalá de Henares. It first saw action in the Ifni War during 1957 and 1958.[16] Because of US Government objection to use airplanes manufactured in the USA in her colonial struggles after World War II, Spain used at first old German aircraft, such as the T-2 (Junkers 52, nicknamed "Pava"), the B-2I (Heinkel 111, nicknamed "Pedro"), the C-4K (Spanish version of the Bf 109, nicknamed "Buchón"), and some others. Still, Grumman Albatross seaplanes and Sikorsky H-19B helicopters were used in rescue operations.[17] This is why still now in present times, EdA maintains a policy of having jet fighters from two different origins, one first line fighter of North American origin, and one from French-European origin( F-4C Phantom / Mirage F1, Mirage III; EF-18A / Eurofighter Typhoon).[citation needed]
Although in sheer numbers the EdA was impressive, at the end of World War II technically it had become more or less obsolete due to the progress in aviation technology during the war. For budget reasons Spain actually kept many of the old German aircraft operative well into the 1950s and 1960s. As an example the last Junkers Ju-52 used to operate in Escuadrón 721 training parachutists from Alcantarilla Air Base near Murcia, until well into the 1970s. The CASA 352 and the CASA 352L were developments built by CASA in the 1950s.[18]
Links were established in the 1950s with the United States. Spain received its first jets, like the F-86 Sabre and Lockheed T-33 together with training and transport planes like the T-6 Texan, C-47 and C-54.[19] This first age of jets was replaced in the 1960s by newer fighters like the F-104 Starfighter, F-4C Phantom and F-5 Freedom Fighter
Present times[edit]
After the death of dictator Franco in 1975 and the ensuing Spanish transition to democracy years, the organization and equipment of the Spanish Air Force was again modernised to prepare for Spain's membership of NATO in 1982. Planes like the Mirage III and Mirage F1 were bought from France and became the backbone of the Air Force during the 1970s and part of the 1980s. French fighters formed the air force's mainstay until the arrival of the American F/A-18. Spanish F/A-18s participated in the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War under NATO command, based in Aviano, Italy.[20]
The Spanish Air Force is replacing older aircraft in the inventory with newer ones including the recently introduced Eurofighter Typhoon and the Airbus A400M Atlas airlifter. Both are manufactured with Spanish participation; EADS CASA makes the Eurofighter's right wing and leading edge slats,[21] and participates in the testing and assembly of the airlifter.[22]
Its aerobatic display team is the Patrulla Aguila, which flies the CASA C-101 Aviojet.[23] Its helicopter display team, Patrulla Aspa, flies the Eurocopter EC-120 Colibrí.
In July 2014 the Spanish Air Force joined the European Air Transport Command, headquartered at Eindhoven Airbase in the Netherlands.[24]
Order of battle[edit]
The basic organization of the Air Force is the following:
- Air Force Headquarters (CGEA). Madrid.
- Battle Air Command (MACOM). Headquarters in Torrejón Air Base, Madrid.
- General Air Command (MAGEN). Headquarters in Madrid.
- Canary Islands' Air Command (MACAN). Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
- Personnel Command (MAPER). Madrid.
- Logistics Support Command (MALOG). Madrid.
Operational structure[edit]
The usual operational unit is the ALA (wing), composed by two or three ESCUADRONES (squadrons), each one of which is integrated by 18 to 24 airplanes. Thus, Ala 15, with base in Zaragoza Air Base, is formed by two squadrons with 18 F-18s each.
Air bases[edit]
The Spanish Air Force operates a wide-ranging fleet of aircraft, from fighters to transport aircraft and passenger transports to helicopters. It maintains some 450 aircraft, of which around 130 are fighter aircraft, including a number of Eurofighter Typhoons.[25][26]
Aircraft inventory[edit]
Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | Quantity[25] | Notes | |
Combat aircraft | ||||||
Eurofighter Typhoon | Spain | Fighter Aircraft | EF-2000 EF-2000T Total: |
32 11 43 |
73 ordered. Total 45 delivered on November 2014. Two crashed.[27][28][29][30] | |
McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet | United States | Fighter Aircraft | EF-18AM EF-18BM F/A-18A+ Total: |
54 12 20 86 |
Reconnaissance aircraft | ||||||
Lockheed P-3 Orion | United States | Maritime Patrol Aircraft | P-3A P-3M |
1 3 |
Cessna Citation V | United States | Photographic Mapping | C560 | 3 | ||
Dassault Falcon 20 | France | Electronic Warfare | 20ECM | 2 | ||
Transport and Aerial refueling | ||||||
Boeing 707 | United States | Tanker/Transport Aircraft | KC-707/B-707 | 2 | Assigned to EATC Management. | |
CASA C-212 Aviocar | Spain | Transport Aircraft | C-212 | 8 | ||
CASA CN-235 | Spain | Photographic Mapping Search & Rescue Transport Aircraft |
2 8 8 |
CASA C-295 | Spain | Transport Aircraft | C-295M | 13 | Assigned to EATC Management | |
Lockheed C-130 Hercules | United States | Tanker Aircraft Transport Aircraft |
5 7 |
Assigned to EATC Management. To be replaced by A400M | |
Airbus A400M Atlas | Spain | Transport Aircraft | A400M | 0 | 14 on order (reduced from 27).[31][32][33] Will be assigned to EATC Management | |
Utility and VIP transport | ||||||
Beechcraft C-90 King Air | United States | Utility Aircraft | C90 | 4 | ||
Airbus A310 | France | VIP Transport | A310-304 | 2 | ||
Dassault Falcon 900 | France | VIP Transport | 900B | 5 | ||
Fire Fighting aircraft | ||||||
Canadair CL-215 Scooper | Canada | Fire Fighting | CL-215T | 14 | ||
Canadair CL-415 Superscooper | Canada | Fire Fighting | CL-415 | 4 | ||
Trainer aircraft | ||||||
Beechcraft Bonanza | United States | Basic trainer | F33C | 20 | ||
ENAER T-35 Pillán | Chile | Basic trainer | T-35C | 35 | ||
CASA C-101 Aviojet | Spain | Jet Trainer | C-101EB-01 | 66 | Loss of one aircraft due to crash in 2012.[34] | |
Northrop F-5 | United States | Fighter Trainer | F-5BM | 19 | ||
Helicopters | ||||||
Aérospatiale SA330 Puma | France | Search & rescue | SA330J | 5 | ||
Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma | France | Search & rescue | AS332B1 AS332M1 |
10 | ||
Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma | France | VIP transport | AS332ML | 4 | ||
Eurocopter AS532 Cougar | France | VIP transport | AS532UL | 2 | ||
Eurocopter EC120 Colibri | France | Training helicopter | EC120B | 15 | ||
Sikorsky S-76 Spirit | United States | Training helicopter | S-76C | 8 | Also used for medical evacuation |
Aircraft identification[edit]
The Spanish Air Force has its own alphanumeric system for identifying aircraft. This forms a prefix to the airframe serial number, usually marked on the tail. The letter or letters, correspond to the use given. Thus, C means cazabombardero (fighter bomber); A, ataque (attack); P, patrulla (patrol); T, transporte (transport); E, enseñanza (training); D, search and rescue; H, helicopter; K, tanker; V, Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL); and U, utility. An example would be that the F-18 with "C.15-08" on the tail is the fifteenth type of fighter that arrived in the Spanish Air Force (the Eurofighter is the C.16) and is the eighth example of this type to enter the SAF. On the nose or fuselage the aircraft has a numeral specific to the unit in which it is based.
Variants of planes in service, for example two-seater versions or tanker versions of transports planes, add another letter to differentiate their function, and have their own sequence of serial numbers separate from the primary versions. Example: "CE.15-02" will be the second F-18 two-seater (Fighter Trainer) delivered to the SAF. In addition, the aircraft used by the Spanish Air Force usually carry a code consisting of one or two digits followed by a dash and two numbers, painted on the nose or fuselage. The first number corresponds to the unit to which they belong, and the second the order in which they entered service. Example: the fourth F-18 arriving at Ala 12 will have on the nose the code "12-04". Those codes do change when the aircraft is re-allocated to a different unit.
Officer rank insignia[edit]
NATO Code | OF-10 | OF-9 | OF-8 | OF-7 | OF-6 | OF-5 | OF-4 | OF-3 | OF-2 | OF-1 | OF(D) | Student Officer | |
Spain (Edit) |
Capitán General Note
General del Aire
Gen |
Teniente General
Lt Gen |
General de División
Maj Gen |
General de Brigada
Brig Gen |
Col |
Teniente Coronel
Lt Col |
Maj |
Capt |
1st Lt |
2nt Lt |
Oficial Cadete
Officer Cadet |
Student |
Note Rank reserved to H.M. The King of Spain. | |||||||||||||
Officer Ranks[edit]
- Caballero/Dama Cadete – Gentleman/Lady Officer Cadet
- Alférez Alumno – Student Ensign
- Alférez – Ensign
- Teniente – Lieutenant
- Capitán – Captain
- Comandante – Commander, Commandant/Major
- Teniente Coronel – Lieutenant Colonel
- Coronel – Colonel
- General de Brigada – Brigade General
- General de División – Divisional General
- Teniente General – Lieutenant General
- General del Aire – General of the Air Force
- Capitán General – Captain General
Non-commissioned officers rank insignia[edit]
NATO Code | OR-9 | OR-8 | OR-7 | OR-6 | OR-5 | OR-4 | OR-3 | OR-2 | OR-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spain (Edit) |
Suboficial mayor | Subteniente | Brigada | Sargento primero | Sargento | Cabo mayor | Cabo primero | Cabo | Soldado de primera | Soldado |
Sub-officers and Enlisted Student rank insignia[edit]
NATO Code | Sub-officer Student | Enlisted Student | |||||||
Spain |
Sargento Alumno
(3º año) |
Alumno de 2º
(2º año) |
Alumno de 1º
(1º año) |
Aspirante MPTM | ||||||
Ranks of Non-commissioned officers and Enlisted[edit]
- Soldado – Airman
- Soldado de Primera – Airman 1st Class – No new promotions to this rank will be given.
- Cabo – Senior Airman
- Cabo Primero – Lance Corporal
- Cabo Mayor – Corporal Major/Staff Sergeant
- Sargento – Technical Sergeant, Flight Sergeant
- Sargento Primero – Master Sergeant
- Brigada – Brigadier, Senior Master Sergeant
- Subteniente – Sublieutenant
- Suboficial Mayor – Sub-officer Major
Distinguished Spanish Air Aces[edit]
- Luis Alcocer Moreno-Abellá
- Ramón Franco Bahamonde
- Andrés García La Calle
- M. Joaquín García-Morato y Castaño
- Leopoldo Morquillas Rubio
- Julio Salvador Diáz-Benjumea
- Manuel Vázquez Sagastizábal
See also[edit]
- Aviazione Legionaria
- Bombing of Guernica
- Condor Legion
- German re-armament
- Patrulla Águila
- List of F-104 Starfighter operators
- Museo del Aire
- Emblems of the Spanish Air Force
- Spanish Air Force Anthem
- Spanish Air Force Order of Battle
- Spanish Civil War
- Spanish Republican Air Force
- ^ Military Budget 2012, page 455
- ^ "Military expenditure in Spain 2012"
- ^ a b Ejército del Aire – 1913 (Spanish)
- ^ Aeroplano, n. 23, 2005
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. 1920". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ a b Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. 1936". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Hispano Suiza E-30
- ^ Blackburn T.1/T.2 Swift/Dart with 1927 Aeronáutica Naval markings
- ^ Blackburn T.3 Velos with 1927 Aeronáutica Naval markings
- ^ "Hitler Speech on Foreign Policy (1937)". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Antony Beevor, The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War 1936–1939, Weidenfeld and Nicholson ISBN 978-0-7538-2165-7
- ^ La Batalla del Ebro – Mequinensa.com
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. Aeronaves". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fernández-Coppel, La Escuadrilla Azul, Verdoy, Madrid 2006, ISBN 978-84-9734-514-9
- ^ Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 11, p.1193, "HA-1109/1112".
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. 1946". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Marcelino Sempere Doménech, El Ejército del Aire en la Guerra de Sidi Ifni, Universidad de Murcia
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. Escuela Militar de Paracaidismo". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Gonzalez Serrano, Jose Luis Fifty Years of DC service: Douglas Transports used by the Spanish Air Force Air Enthusiast No. 80 March/April 1999 pp61-71
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. Balcanes". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ "Target Lock: Eurofighter Typhoon : Production". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ "Airbus, a leading aircraft manufacturer". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Ejército del Aire. "Ejército del aire. Patrullas". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ "Spain is now member of the EATC - Articles - EATC - European Air Transport Command". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ a b "World Air Forces 2013". Flightglobal.com, December 11, 2012.
- ^ "Spain offers Eurofighters to Peru". Flightglobal.com. 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2013-06-27.
- ^ Reed Business Information Limited. "Saudi pilot killed as Eurofighter crashes in Spain". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ "Eurofighter World 2013/11" November 25, 2013
- ^ "Eurofighter jet crashes at Spanish base, killing pilot". Reuters. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Reed Business Information Limited. "Spanish pilot killed in Eurofighter crash". Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Spaniens Militär wird radikal verkleinert - SPIEGEL ONLINE. Spiegel.de (2013-06-27). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ Defensa planea recortar 15.000 militares y 5.000 civiles | Política | EL PAÍS. Politica.elpais.com (2012-07-16). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- ^ "Spain to operate fewer A400Ms" December 05, 2013
- ^ Crash of military plane in Spain kills two
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air force of Spain. |
- (Spanish) Home page of the Spanish Air Force
- (Spanish) Foro Militar General (Spanish military forum)
- Aerial Warfare and the Spanish Civil War


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Tobacco Valley Teachers Federal Credit Union
182 South Road, Enfield, CT 06082 - Routing Number: 211176969
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text:
The Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights: A Survey of the Empirical LiteratureJean O. LanjouwUniversity of California, Berkeley, College of Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics (deceased); Brookings Institution (deceased) Josh LernerHarvard Business School - Finance Unit; Harvard University - Entrepreneurial Management Unit; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) December 1997 NBER Working Paper No. w6296 Abstract: This paper examines several recent avenues of empirical research into the enforcement of" intellectual property rights. To frame these issues, we start with a stylized model of the patent" litigation process. The bulk of the paper is devoted to linking the empirical literature on patent" litigation to the parameters of the model. The four major areas we consider are (i) how the" propensity to litigate patents varies with the expected benefits of litigation the cost of litigation affects the willingness to enforce patents, (iii) how the cost of enforcing" patents changes the private value of patent rights, and (iv) the impact of intellectual property" litigation on the innovation process itself. Number of Pages in PDF File: 32 Date posted: June 21, 2000Suggested CitationContact Information
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How do we recruit new cooks to the KCBS
According to a recent post by a BOD member 11,677 teams competed in contests this year. I'd assume more than half of them are not KCBS members. How can we promote the KCBS at these contests in order to increase membership?
The BBQ Tour isn;t hte answer as it does events that draw 100K+ crowds, not all the smaller contests out there. The KCBS needs a presence at these contests. Maybe a 10x10 booth with a table and person there with materials and to answer questions. Could work with organizers to staff it with volunteers and cooks. |
Are you volunteering Ford? :)
Unfortunately I think the only way is to offer monetary compensation. If non KCBS teams were charged a premium to compete in KCBS sanctioned events then there would be a reason to join. It may not be the most respectable way of doing it but it would get people to join. At the same time they should tout their benefits front and center on any application for an event that charged a premium. There are masny benefits and if showcased may make people feel better about having their arm twisted. The fee would need to be more then a KCBS membership to assure that one contest teams still have a reason to join.
It might also be a good idea to have a team membership just like a family membership. Four team members per membership or so. It might just be a way of making membership more attractive. |
A members only KCBS Forum and a points races that work for Hobbyist teams
There was a little trailer that was doing just that a few years ago. Tony Stone was very involved and so was Steve Owenby if I remember correctly. Not sure what ever happened with that.
Merl |
IMO, a seriously active Mentoring System. How many folks on these forums wonder about competitions out loud? If there were good teams in place to invite these folks, in an organized and formal way, to participate in a competition on behalf of the KCBS as a "teammate for a day" you'd hook every single one of them. That's how it all started for me. An organizer hooked me up with the Texas Rib Rangers.
Hi Merl, I'm not a member of KCBS. I can cook most BBQ contests in the US without any membership or affiliation, KCBS, IBCA et al. Explain to me why I should give them $30.00 for a membership? What benefit is there for me to join?
Seriously, lets run through this and see where it takes us. |
I can tell you that the Restaurant Depot membership deal has me ready to join. However cooking KCBS on a regular basis is a non starter for me. It's simply too far for all but one contest and that's pushing it.
I'm not interested in pursuing TOY awards, dont have the time nor money to travel all over hell's 1/2 acres and only plan to participate in 6+- cookoffs per year, I dont see it (the benefit). Diva gave a wonderful speach about support the organization, but of the 6+- cookoffs that I'll participate in, only 2 or 3 are KCBS... Then there was the "allow you to vote" thing, but frankly, I dont know those folks and couldn't care whether Fred gets it vs. Larry... I have no worthwhile knowledgeable opinion where that is concerned, so again, there is no real benefit (for me). |
Unfortunately you can't force people to join in but we have a mentoring program here. I think this works for those who are eager to try it out but if they are 1 or 2 contest people and don't understand the organization they will continue to do their contests and pay the same amount as KCBS members to compete. http://www.bbq-brethren.com/forum/fo...c&daysprune=-1 I still think you have to offer a discount to members or offer a benefit for membership that really draws people in. The Bullsheet is great for those who want it but not a selling feature. The choice hotel discount does offer travellers a reason to join but wouldn't grab the masses. The restaurant depot benefit will bring in non business owners who compete a lot and may be one of the biggest draws of all the benefits. Unless you can sell the KCBS membership on its benefits we may have to think about premium pricing for non members. Could blow up in KCBS' proverbial face too though....Especially with this economy. |
I thought KCBS hired a marketing company or some such group to do this for them?
As for IBCA....added money at Trader's. I suspect that since you will be cooking on your own more this year that you'll be qualified for Trader's, and you have to have that IBCA membership to be eligible for all of that added money:wink: |
closest one to me; not worth the drive, frankly) and it's unlikely that I'd ever use a discount to any hotel/motel chain, Comort Inn or not (we have an RV so that we dont have to do that). |
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An ideal tome for fans of LOTR who play clarinet.
This book features music from all three films arranged for clarinet. Desirable and collectible, these instrumental folios are loaded with full-color photos of scenes from all three films. They are printed on top-quality antique paper stock, and the covers showcase the new Trilogy artwork. This book contains a carefully edited part that is appropriate for the Level 2-3 player and a fully orchestrated accompaniment CD. Each theme on the CD is presented as a "demo" track (which features the clarinet) and as a "play-along" track without the solo instrument.
New icons are used in the book to guide the players through the accompaniment options.The instrumental solo part, in concert pitch, is added above the piano part. The CD features live demonstration performances of various instrument tracks from the series. Titles are the twelve major themes from the blockbuster trilogy: from The Fellowship of the Ring: The Prophecy * In Dreams * Concerning Hobbits * Many Meetings * The Black Rider; from The Two Towers: Gollum's Song * Rohan * Evenstar * Forth Eorlingas; from The Return of the King: Into the West * The Steward of Gondor * Minas Tirith.


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I have a 1997 Silverado 3500 with a 7.4L and I am looking for tuners. Doesn't seem to be a whole lot of choice for this engine. Anybody have any experience with the hypertech max energy tuner?
Beyond the Handheld Tuners......I don't know if you've look at them, but another Choice for Tuning your 97" would be going a with "Custom Tune" like the ones from Black Bear Performance.....going with a "Custom Tune" will yield you The Best Return on your Investment, Link, Black Bear Performance : Custom Tuning Solutions for 96" and Newer GM Vehicles
Your Welcome, I have whats called the In-Person Custom Tune, from Black Bear, and after the Tune was done, Other than Pure HP Gains, the Overall Drivability has been Increased.....I'm Very Impressed with the way My Engine Now Runs-n-Performs with this Custom Tune....Best Investment that I've put into my Truck.


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Recipe by: Denise
Original recipe yields 60 servings
Amount per serving ({{servings}} total)
Based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Sort stores by
Ready In
This recipe is excellent, just like my German grandmother used to make for us during the holidays! To those who say that this is not a traditional "peppernut" I say BAH! Not everyone likes Anise, and not all Pfefferneusse in the German tradition contain it! This is a great recipe, turns out perfectly every time, even when doubled or tripled in quantity!
Having a 100% German mother and Grandmother this is more a molasses cookie than Pfeffernuesse although it does make a pretty good molasses cookie-if you want real Pffernuesse look for a recipe with honey, sour cream and most of all anise!
I don't know what "traditional" pfeffernuesse tastes like, but this recipe is great. Instead of dusting them with powdered sugar I made a thick glaze of powdered sugar, vanilla and water and dipped the tops in it. They were delicious.


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I was driving along a narrow, windy road somewhere near Battleground, WA-- fairly rural but with a few new houses going in --when I saw this early-morning wintry picture and had to take the picture. While some say it's kind of ugly, I look at this and think how beautiful it will be in the spring. Wish I'd written down the road where this is! Maybe somebody will recognize it as being close to their home?
A frozen meadow with meandering stream.
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the weblog
Arts Journal the Book The Book Bench Bookninja Books, Inq. Bookslut Booksquare BritLitBlogs Con/Reading Critical Mass GalleyCat Guardian Unlimited Jacket Copy Maud Newton The Millions MobyLives NewPages Weblog Omnivoracious PowellsBooks.Blog Three Percent La Feuille. Moleskine De Papieren Man Perlentaucher Rép. des livres Arts & Letters Daily Bookdwarf Brandywine Books Buzzwords Collected Miscellany Confessions/IM Elegant Variation Emerging Writers Laila Lalami Light Reading The Page Paper Cuts Reading Experience ReadySteady Blog splinters This Space Two Words The Valve Waggish wood s lot See also: links page saloon statistics |
Literary Saloon
Moacyr Scliar (1937-2011) | Miguel Syjuco Q & A | Time for Outrage ! review Moacyr Scliar (1937-2011) Arnošt Lustig (1926-2011) | Ivor Indyk profile The Alice behind Wonderland review Arnošt Lustig (1926-2011) 'Officialdom fiction' ? | JQ Wingate Prize shortlist | Looking ahead in Egypt Site news: odds and ends | Arriving in Avignon review 'Officialdom fiction' ? Iraq Literary Review | Vertical take-over E-books in ... Russia | Bookselling in ... Iran Iraq Literary Review Fan the flames of negative publicity ! (?) | Festival of New French Writing Chinese fiction abroad | Fiction in ... Pakistan | The Information review Fan the flames of negative publicity ! (?) Censorship in China | Elif Shafak on Turkey LA Times Book Prize finalists | Chick-lit in ... South Africa Censorship in China Tahrir Book Fair | Exploring Happiness review Tahrir Book Fair McEwan picks up Jerusalem Prize The Anarchist Cookbook and its author, forty years later H.M.Naqvi Q & A | Blue Has No South review McEwan picks up Jerusalem Prize
previous entries (11 - 20 February 2010)
© 2011 the complete review


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Pm me if you need tickets. I got ours this week and have them in hand. 2 sets. Some in. 110 and some in 116. Go clones!
ISU Grad 1997. ISU Fan for Life. Not in CO anymore but I'm not changing my name :)
yes how many?
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Fecund & Proud of it!!
FECUND ... I love this word - it sounds almost like a swear word but it is so innocent - it simply means "Fruitful" - "Productive"
Namibia -
This lass was walking across the road (in the sticks) as we approached - we stopped we gesticulated that we would like to take a shot and immediately she presented herself in profile - proud if it - I loved it.
To digress a little -- a couple of hours back an extra-ordinary event occurred which was so coincidental it needs to be recounted - One of the links involved has expired - so you need 1st to see the Video: - GO HERE for video and then go HERE for story , if you have the time- scroll down to my detailed paragraph - there's a full description of a strange, amusing & slightly disturbing event - s'life!
Lens: | 24-105l |
Recording media: | RAW (digital) |
Title: | Fecund.......... |
Username: | davidbailie |
Uploaded: | 7 Jun 2010 - 6:27 PM |
Tags: | Portraits / people |
VS Mode Rating |
101 (100% won) These stats show the percentage of wins and the rating score that your photo has achieved. You can go to the VS Mode by clicking on this icon. Signup to PlusBecome a plus member to see which photo this has won or lost against in the vs mode |
Votes: | 11 |
Voters: | Cormy · CarolG · dven · Dave_Collier · rontear · Take-a-View · old timer · User_Removed · redstag · Patricia Fenn · Jat_Riski · |
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Cheers Cormy, Cheers Carol - don't half have to work at it
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Vanilla Ice Cast in Adam Sandler's Next Film
In 'I Hate You, Dad!', the 43-year-old entertainer, who recently took aim at reality TV stardom with home-improvement series 'The Vanilla Ice Project,' is rumored to be taking on the role of Antonio, a gay wedding planner from Long Island. Sandler is set to star as a father-of-the-groom who lives with his son (to be played by SNL's Andy Samberg) and feuds with his son's fiance (Leighton Meester). The Sandman is a co-producer on the project.
Variety will only confirm that Vanilla Ice has signed on to play a longtime buddy of Sandler's character. And here we hoped he'd riff on Sandler's first movie hit, 'The Wedding Singer,' and rock 'Ice, Ice Baby' in a wedding scene!
As strange as the news of Vanilla Ice co-starring on the big screen with Adam Sandler seems to be, the heavily-inked rapper does have a few previous credits in comedies. He played a small supporting role as a record-store employee in 2002's 'The New Guy,' co-starring Zooey Deschanel, Eliza Dushku, and DJ Qualls. And he was featured in a 2005 straight-to-DVD 'Matrix' spoof called 'The Helix...Loaded.'
Still, Vanilla Ice told New York's Daily News last year that he still earns a living from his original career. "I play 100 concerts a year," he said. "I've never left the music industry."
The rapper who eventually turned into a punchline is probably wise to dabble in comedy if he wants to keep his pop-culture relevance afloat. His earnest attempt at a musical-romance, 1991's starring vehicle 'Cool as Ice,' was a 'Rebel Without a Cause' remake that received scathing reviews. Perhaps Sandler, a true child of the '80s, stumbled onto the film (check out this intro clip featuring Naomi Campbell) and simply found it adorable.
- Filed under:
- Movie News -
- Music News
- Saturday 02 AprilBy rudewaitress
More of Sandler's 'Dad' crap. Vanilla Ice Cream will no doubt take it over the top, a la Jeremy Piven in 'Rush Hour 2' at Sandler's request. Yawn.
- Sunday 03 AprilBy BTDT
"I've never left the music industry."
Music? Really?
Has Sandler ever made a movie that didn't suck? - Saturday 02 AprilBy MeMeMe
Great...another juvenile moronic movie that I won't be seeing.
- Saturday 02 April
Will people stop calling Vanilla Ice a one hit wonder. Play that Funky Music was a top five hit. And who could forget Ninja Rap?
- Saturday 02 AprilBy rutaHighest Rank Vote downVote upReport this
Play That Funky Music (White Boy) was a hit by Wild Cherry.
- Saturday 02 AprilBy johnny
not someone i would want to see -
- Saturday 02 April
I am interested in seeing that movie. Adam Sandler, Vanilla Ice, and Leighton Meester.
- Saturday 02 AprilBy Joey
Btw Ice Ice Baby was in the 90's, not the 80's .. FYI
- Saturday 02 AprilBy Heyes
Who would hire Vanilla Ice??? Not too long ago he was selling bikes at a store in Newport Beach... Rather poorly from what I heard
- Tuesday 25 OctoberBy Steve
He actually live in SOuth Fla and has a po box at my post office,,, Guys always traveling , doing concerts m charity stuff and even a home makeover tv show ,,, Signs autos and takes pics ,,, From what I witnessed a GREAT DUDE
- Saturday 02 AprilBy sanssan363
- Sunday 03 AprilBy GeoHigh Rank Vote downVote upReport this
I think Van Winkle should get a chance in the movie, but they should really replace Sandler with an actor.
- Sunday 03 AprilBy LeoHigh Rank Vote downVote upReport this
With Vanilla Ice in the cast, its a sure flop,no talent as a singer no talent as an actor.
- Sunday 03 AprilBy johnnn
hey all u haters once again vanilla still makes more money than all of us so shut up lol
- Sunday 03 AprilBy Nevada
That certainly doesn't make him a nice guy. He lives in Florida, & the couple of times I've met/seen him he has been a real jerk. - Monday 04 AprilBy Boozer
I've met him numerous times and he has been nothing but cool every time.
- Sunday 03 April
Amen to that Nevada...Ive seen him around town and he is a jerk...He came in my grocery store about a month ago try to use a food stamp card in someone eles name...He's not very nice at all around here...
- Sunday 03 AprilBy joe paloka
this should be interesting. sandler is no doubt so full of himself that the ego ozzes over on everthing he does..
and now hes in for a treet, i know rip van winkle... worked
with him on shows.. this jack off is so full of himself
that the word arrogance goes over his head like a jet plane.
to put it plainly, he a friggin idiot with an attitude
before this movie is over, ice may be cut out of it ,
two egos this big have no place in the same film...
this is going to be one screw up movie... - Sunday 03 AprilBy Polar PatrolHigh Rank Vote downVote upReport this
Hey Popeater, your reporters/writers are pathetic. Within a few posts, your readers pointed out that he is NOT a one hit wonder (just really well known by the one BIG hit) and that said hit was 1990, not in the 80's. This is one of many countless times Popeater "reports" with misinformation, grammatical errors, etc. Are you guys hiring? I can spell and I love pop/entertainment.
- Sunday 03 April
That bastard was working at Dinosaur World outisde of Orlando a few years ago and when he was working the little animatronic claw on the raptor he made it lift my skirt! Then he did his lame gangsta laugh and said "baby how bout you and me get togetha...we'll be pretty historic." get it- prehistoric/pretty historic. I'm so glad I didn't fall for his crap, I bet he used that line on countless dumb girls.
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text: How to Search the WebIntroductionYou're undoubtedly familiar with the World Wide Web, and have surely spent much time browsing Web pages with a browser such as Firefox, Safari, Camino, or Internet Explorer. This guide focuses on the wide range of resources available on the Web. It discusses basic concepts, such as browsing, and demonstrates a range of strategies you can use to locate information on the Web. To learn more, follow the links below: |


text:
Brackitz is a new construction toy that promotes STEM learning, using blocks to lay the foundation for higher-level cognitive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. Sets come in 50, 100, and 200 pieces. Standard sets include interlocking 4-inch wooden planks and 90-degree and 120-degree angle connectors, which can be pieced together to form various models and architectural structures.
Brackitz' connectors can interlock at different angles and directions, allowing kids to build circles, corners, and bendable structures. Brackitz is suitable for kids ages 3 and up.


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papal primacy
based on
Council of Sardica canons
Council of Sardica
...Rome with a prerogative that was the first legal recognition of the bishop of Rome's jurisdiction over the other sees and was, therefore, the basis for the further development of the Roman bishop's primacy as pope.
Council of Trent canons
canon law
: The end of decretal law
The end of decretal law
...for the further development of canon law was expressed in the
Capita de reformatione
("Articles Concerning Reform"), which were discussed and accepted in 10 of the 25 sessions. Papal primacy was not only dogmatically affirmed against conciliarism (the view that councils are more authoritative than the pope) but was also juridically strengthened in the conduct and...
New Testament and historical precedent
...seen to have full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal church in matters of faith and morals, as well as in church discipline and government. The twofold basis of this doctrine of papal primacy is the place of Peter in the New Testament (in which there are various metaphors expressing his prerogatives) and the place of the Roman church in history. The understanding of papal...
Eastern Orthodox beliefs
: The Eastern churches
The Eastern churches
...church is autonomous. The "ecumenical patriarch" of Constantinople is not the Eastern pope but merely the first in honour among equals in jurisdiction. Eastern Orthodoxy interprets the primacy of Peter and therefore that of the pope similarly, denying the right of the pope to speak and act for the entire church by himself, without a church council and without his episcopal...
Eastern Orthodoxy
: Relations with the Western church
Relations with the Western church
...finally accepted most Roman positions—the
clause, purgatory (an intermediate stage for the soul's purification between death and heaven), and the Roman primacy. Political desperation and the fear of facing the Turks again, without Western support, was the decisive factor that caused them to place their signatures of approval on the Decree of...
Gregory VII
Saint Gregory VII
: The pope and the church
The pope and the church
Gregory linked the battle against simony and for clerical celibacy—chief characteristics of 11th-century ecclesiastical reform—with a marked emphasis on the papal primacy, a concept based on the primacy of the Roman church, which at the time of Leo IX in 1054 led to the break in diplomatic relations between Rome and Constantinople. Papal primacy included the subordination of all...
opposition by
conciliarism doctrine
in the Roman Catholic church, a theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him. Conciliarism had its roots in discussions of 12th- and 13th-century canonists who were attempting to set juridical limitations on the power of the papacy. The most radical forms of the conciliar theory in the Middle Ages were found in the...
Council of Constance
Council of Constance
...its power and lead to its dissolution. The emperor insisted that the council continue, and it issued the decree
affirming that a general council of the church is superior to the pope. It further decreed that frequent councils are essential for the proper government of the church. John XXIII was then captured and deposed. Gregory XII agreed to abdicate, provided that he was...
position of Irenaeus
Saint Irenaeus
: Irenaeus' writings: conflict with the Gnostics.
Irenaeus' writings: conflict with the Gnostics.
...safe guide to the interpretation of Scripture. With these lists of bishops the later doctrine of "the apostolic succession" of the bishops could be linked. Even the unique position of authority of the bishop of Rome is emphasized by Irenaeus, though in an obscure passage.
Roman Catholic history
Roman Catholicism
: The reign of Gregory VII
The reign of Gregory VII
...long served the church, and some scholars regard him as the main force behind papal reform. Indeed, the movement derives its name from his zealous defense of its ideals and his staunch advocacy of papal primacy. Gregory's actions were shaped more than anything by his devotion to St. Peter and his belief that the pope was Peter's successor. His legislation mandating clerical celibacy was issued...
Roman Catholicism
: The papal office
The papal office
Basic to the claim of primacy is the Petrine theory, according to which Christ promised the primacy to Peter alone and, after the Resurrection, actually conferred that role upon him (John 1:42 and 21:15 ff. and, especially, Matthew 16:18 ff.).And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against...
"papal primacy".
Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2015. Web. 06 May. 2015


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Source material never guarantees success, but the ideal pairing of the Mermaid Theatre of Nova Scotia with the beloved children's stories of Eric Carle equals an onstage triumph. As the very hungry caterpillar transforms into a Technicolor butterfly, little ones in the audience can't help but shout out encouragement, thanks to the age-appropriate "no shushing" policy (the show is targeted for two- to seven-year-olds). The sweet-as-can-be doses of narrated fantasy are made more so by a whimsical score. Even kids unfamiliar with Carle's canon remain rapt, thanks in large part to the dramatic lighting, those glowing sets and the handiwork of (just) two puppeteers.
The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Other Eric Carle Favorites
Event phone: | 872-222-9555 |
Event website: | http://chicagochildrenstheatre.org |


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Letter | Explanation |
f | failed Senate/Review Committee |
+ | disapproved in part by Committee |
# | amended by Sen./Review Committee |
a | approved by Chancellor's office |
p | action pending from Chancellor's Office |
t | action tabled by Senate |
w | action withdrawn |
* | modified by Chancellor's Office |
! | disapproved by Chancellor's Office |
- | no signature/action required |
o | approved; no objection received from Chancellor's Office |
r | referred to Committee |
Faculty Workload
FY91 Motion that when a faculty member's duties change during the course of a year, the faculty member will have the right to request that a new workload distribution form replace the current year's workload distribution. (*) Meeting #23 Request that the VCAA ensure that faculty letters of appointment which indicates nature of the faculty's duties reads: Teaching, research and service as assigned after faculty consultation. (-) Meeting #23 Refer the issue of faculty annual evaluation to the Faculty Affairs Committee. (-) Meeting #25 FY94 Motion to recommend that the Provost Office collect information on research, scholarly, and creative activities using a data summary form. (a) Meeting #48 Motion supporting the resolution relating to Institutional support for workload description as amended and forward it to the Faculty Alliance. (-) Meeting #48 Recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Non-Bargaining Unit Faculty Salary Structure and Institutional Workload. () Meeting #49 FY96 Report on the Faculty Workload Model of Banner. (-) Meeting #59 FY98 Motion to assign academic credit for special or reserve numbers to faculty members responsible for supervising students. (#a) Meeting #79 FY08 Motion to reject use of the Digital Measures software for electronic
Faculty Annual Activities Reports at UAF. (!) Meeting #151


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10 Funniest Mugshot Messages
You better listen up! These criminals have something to say.
You better listen up! These criminals have something to say.
Making Christmas dinner can be a bit of a pain, from preparing the sides like mashed potatoes and stuffing, to cooking the actual turkey or ham in the main course. It's a whole day of work, which means you won't get to enjoy your presents that much.
Until now.
We have collected a few of the odder inventions brought to us by Coca-Cola. And we wonder if Dr. Pemberton rolls over in his grave.
Well, if this isn't embarrassing, nothing is.
November 22, 2013 marks the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's assassination. We thought we'd share with you some bizarre coincidences between Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln. Taken from the Reader's Digest book, Mysteries of the Unexplained, you will amazed at these astonishing facts.
We've seen Jean-Claude Van Damme do some pretty epic things, but this new video from Volvo Trucks is perhaps one of the most epic.
This guy was looking for a license to do more than just drive.
Cheeseburgers usually go right to your belly, but they could be found going to one woman's foot, instead.
For whatever reason, people seem to think that's it's totally cool to walk up to any random pregnant woman and rub her belly. Well, it's not. In fact, it is so not cool that now courts are stepping in to stop you from randomly fondling pregnant ladies.
We're not blowing smoke – some thrillseekers came together to break a world record.
When this guy says, "What a set of headlights," he's not speaking metaphorically.


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The Top Scholars program began in 1995 through collaboration between the WSU Parents Association and the Friends of the Libraries to recognize the top graduating senior from each of WSU's six colleges. This annual contribution from the WSU Parents Association has been added to the Book Support Fund program.
Books purchased on this fund include:
Data governance : creating value from information assets / edited by Neera Bhansali
Evolution and medicine / Robert L. Perlman
The essentials of nursing and healthcare research / edited by Ruth Taylor
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