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Nonlocal optical effects on the Goos–Hänchen shift at an interface of a composite material of metallic nanoparticles |
JOSA A, Vol. 30, Issue 7, pp. 1387-1393 (2013)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (913 KB)
We present a theoretical study on the nonlocal optical effects on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of reflected light from a composite material of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Using different nonlocal effective medium models, it is observed that such effects can be significant for small MNP of sizes down to a few nanometers. For small metallic volume fractions, the composite behaves like dielectric and the nonlocal effects lead to significant different Brewster angles, at which large negative GH shifts take place. For larger volume fractions or shorter wavelengths, the composite behaves more like metals and the nonlocal effects also lead to different Brewster angles but at values close to grazing incidence. These results will have significant implications in the application of different effective medium models for the characterization of these nanometallic composites when the MNPs are down to a few nanometers in size.
© 2013 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(120.5700) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Reflection
(240.0240) Optics at surfaces : Optics at surfaces
(260.2110) Physical optics : Electromagnetic optics
(260.2065) Physical optics : Effective medium theory
(260.2710) Physical optics : Inhomogeneous optical media
ToC Category:
Physical Optics
Original Manuscript: May 2, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: May 14, 2013
Published: June 24, 2013
J. H. Huang and P. T. Leung, "Nonlocal optical effects on the Goos–Hänchen shift at an interface of a composite material of metallic nanoparticles," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30, 1387-1393 (2013)
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Respond to Review of CLOSED: Lotus Vegetarian - Gaoshengqiao
by ShirleyMeiLingTee
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subset: commoncrawl


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From: Shannon McGraw (smcgraw_at_TeacherArtExchange) Date: Tue Oct 31 2006 - 06:25:50 PST
You know what...again, going back to my experience of being married to a very successful fine artist...I would see him work on a piece for weeks and then end up throwing it away. He said, sometimes you just have to let it go. The idea that artist never 'make mistakes' is unrealistic and I think it's an insult to kid's intelligence. Everyone makes mistakes; and while I let them struggle, and don't automatically give them a new paper to start over (I always say, draw lightly, then you can make a million mistakes and erase them and no one will ever know...and also, there are two sides to the paper)...sometimes, we all just mess up and have to start over. I too, have used the thought with my students that we've got one life and we can't just get a new life..but have to work out the one we've got...I really think with the infinite situations in life/classroom, there are as many solutions. So, likewise, every situation requires intuition from the teacher about the best way to handle it. To say, I'll NEVER help a kid get unstuck, can be the wrong thing for that kid, at that moment...who's to say? As I've said before, when I see a kid who's really frustrated and just can't see the 'correct' direction of a line, for example, and asks for help, I'll give it. I absolutely do not make it a principle of my classroom to 'do it' for anyone. My thoughts once again!
-----Original Message----- From: Michelle Best [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] Sent: Tuesday, October 31, 2006 7:31 AM To: TeacherArtExchange Discussion Group Subject: Re:[teacherartexchange] teacherartexchange digest: October 29, 2006
Hello Rene,
I think this is a great quote. I will probably use it if you don't mind. My students have also begun to see mistakes as part of art. I am constantly telling them NO ONE IS PERFECT!! I think a cute thing to say, (another art teacher taught me), is "IN LIFE WE ARE GOING TO MAKE MISTAKES, B/C NO ONE IS PERFECT....SO IF WE MAKE A MISTAKE IN LIFE, DO WE GET A NEW LIFE? NO....WE LEARN HOW TO MAKE OUR MISTAKES WORK OUT FOR THE GOOD. THAT'S WHAT WE CAN DO WITH OUR MISTAKES IN ART....LEARN FROM THEM AND TURN THEM INTO SOMETHING GOOD."
Thanks, Michelle
Subject: Re: Mistakes in Art From: Rene Jones <email@example.com> Date: Mon, 30 Oct 2006 11:54:06 -0800 (PST) X-Message-Number: 15
I usually just read the posts ( kind of voyerish) but felt I could make a contribution to the discussion about making mistakes. Teaching young 5's through 5th grade, I often hear my students say "I messed up" and then expect me to give them a new paper. I don't believe in letting them start over instead I put up a note in each of my art rooms that says..."Artists don't mess up or make mistakes....they just make changes" Now when one of them says "I messed up" I hear other kids tell them..."just change it". They're starting to understand that it's OK for art to constantly evolve as it's being created. It then makes them think critically....which is a good thing.
Rene Jones Michigan
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Results 1 to 17 of 17
- 02-05-13, 10:20 AM Thread Author #1
on the BB10 for thouse using outlooks's active sync is it working for you?
i am trying to get my contacts on my Z10 via outlooks active sync. no luck at all. is it a BB issue or outlook issue. my Bes server has not yet updated to Bes 10 so i need to use active sync until its updated. anyone else having issues with outlooks active sync
Famous quote "Find the torture in life and love it"
Thank you from NYC. -
Visit the Microsoft site at How to configure Outlook to connect to an outlook.com email account for details on updating Outlook to active sync with Outlook.com so you can get the Z10 to update contacts and calendar data. FYI, this works great with the Playbook as well.
There is a learning curve to get the sync to work (it also takes a little while for the Outlook.com sync to kick in an update the Z10. I set mine up last night and picked up my Z10 this morning - all my calendar appointments transferred over and now just getting the contacts. - 02-05-13, 02:04 PM Thread Author #3
Last edited by fantom555; 02-05-13 at 02:39 PM.
Famous quote "Find the torture in life and love it"
Thank you from NYC. - 02-05-13, 02:12 PM #4
Mine is working no problem. Setup was exactly like the Playbook with basically the same settings. It asked me for email address, domain, external reachable exchange server address and password.
Posted using CrackBerry App on BB107100t -> 7230 -> 7290 -> 8700r -> 8310 -> 8900 -> 8520 -> 9800 -> 9810 -> 9900 -> Z10 -> Nexus 4 (sigh) - 02-05-13, 02:32 PM #6
Check under the account settings for that email. There should be sliders for Mail, Contacts and Calendar. Make sure Contacts is enabled.
"Distrust and caution are the parents of security." -Benjamin Franklin - 02-05-13, 04:19 PM Thread Author #7
all are enabled. my guess there is a bug for contacts because my friend has same issue.
Famous quote "Find the torture in life and love it"
Thank you from NYC. - 02-05-13, 04:56 PM #8
This is working on my device. Is you friend on the same Exchange server by any chance?
I had this problem and my exchange provider could not figure it out. While at lunch today I went into the settings for the exchange account and turned off contact sync and saved the settings. I then went back in and turned contact sync back on and it started to receive my contacts.
Ps my provider also had me turn off memo sync when I first approached them about this. It didn't solve the issue but I still don't have it turned on.
Posted using CrackBerry App on BB10 - CrackBerry Abuser
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has anyone found a solution to this. I am trying to set the z10 up using activesync for contacts and calanders only. it shows that it connects to the server but then no sycning :S the person i am trying to set this up for works for a school district and was interested in trying to get z10 deployed but if i cant figure this out then it wont happen :S i want to help BB make a sale LOLCheck out themidniteedition.wordpress.com for all the latest news and reviews on tech and gaming
You can also download THE MIDNITE EDITION app for your Z10 or PlayBook or Any Berry running OS 7.1 or older
You have my sympathies. I am having the same problem. My agency uses MEA as well. I am not sure of the version. Anyway it seems to only sync contacts when you delete and restablish the account. For a short period then its gone. I have tried setting up the account several different ways including the advanced mode as an activesync account and the results are the same. However, on occassion the sync will work for no apparent reason. Out of the blue. Entering a contact on the company computer will result in a that new contact appearing in my BB10 almost immediately. It will work like this for about an hour, sometimes less. It seems as if the exchange server and BB stop communicating. My Playbook handles it flawlessly. Why the BB10? I suspect its a bug that needs correcting. It might have to do with the communication protocol that is established between the server and the phone. Haven't found a good answer yet.
BTW. The calendar and emails work great. Very little lag. I haven't tried tasks and memos yet. But something tells me they will fail as well. Seems like a basic function for a phone that got its reputation built on its success in the business world. I am assuming this as well as many other obvious bugs will begin to be resolved in the next 6 months. Assuming RIM is listening.
We are using MS exchange 2010 with the default options. On the phone my IT set the sync folders for email, turned on sync for contacts and calendars etc and everything came over instantly. Older MS exchange may have different options and may have to enable contacts to sync. Sorry not much help but giving you my story. It's definitely a set up issue.
Posted from my Z10Love my crack.....berry -
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The latest round of "knock out" was played right in the nation's capital. The women reported being punched right in the face by a bicyclist. The dangerous game played by teens has been spreading across the states. "I was shocked at the whole narrative of it," a 50-year-old Pittsburgh teacher told Fox. A group of boys knocked him out in 2012. While he does not remember the moment, he said the footage spoke for itself: "Boom came the punch and down I went. Straight down with my face falling and hitting the cold concrete."
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Dave Chappelle Says He Was Choked by a Police Officer in New Orleans
Chappelle told a stand-up crowd the incident happened when he was shooting a movie.
READ MORE »Chappelle told a stand-up crowd the incident happened when he was shooting a movie.
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READ MORE »A two-hour documentary about the rise and fall of Chappelle's Show.
READ MORE »Is this the best encore ever?
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READ MORE »With Jimmy Fallon.
READ MORE »"Money gives me choices ... but it's not the end-all, be-all."
READ MORE »He'll be joined by the Roots, Janelle Monae, Erykah Badu, Busta Rhymes, and DJ Premier.
READ MORE »On June 19.
READ MORE »Looking back at the iconic Chappelle's Show sketch on its tenth anniversary.
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Where the fast water flows.
Trip Start
Jun 04, 2011
Trip End
Oct 21, 2011
Where I stayed
At the Fishing Access Site
What I did
Enjoyed the Moment
It was a great day, with high clouds dotting the blue Montana sky. It was in the mid-seventies and perfect for taking out the rocking chairs and just enjoying our time.
Our friends, Ruthie and Ferd, showed up a short while before dinner/supper time. They got set up and we combined our vittles for dinner in the coach. We visited outdoors until the mosquitoes forced us to go back inside and spend time catching up. These folks are both successful, retired teachers. They're a delightful pair, full of interesting stories and comments.
The sunset was a good one, but much as I hate to admit it, the photos did not turn out well. I've stored it in my spirit, however and hope that it shines through in this naraitive.
We split up at about dark and planned to meet in the AM.
After breakfast, Ferd went to give fishing a shot and the three of us plus Lady, took a walk along the shoreline for about an hour. It was another warm and delightful day, especially in the company of Ruthie.
Ferd had a close call with a "lunker", but was unable to entice it to hit the fly he was using. We, however, had the rare pleasure of seeing several species of wildflowers, including the beautiful Bitterroot, Montana's state flower.
We shared lunch outdoors and shortly thereafter headed back to Helena. When we got to Sheridan, Montana, we unhooked Sooby and checked a favorite haunt of ours, Millcreek Campground. It's about six miles from Sheridan, in the Spanish Peaks. The road was fine until we got to within a mile of the camp. Severe water action had washed out a good portion of it to the point where we'd not try to take Shorty up there. Perhaps they'll repair it soon, so we can introduce him to one our favorite places. We've camped there in our VW Westfalia Kamper in years gone by.
Another great journey, exclusively in Montana this time. We look forward to additional trips this summer, always thankful for the gift of good health and strong interest in learning more about the great land in which we live...


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For 125 years, Swinerton has been a trusted advisor to our clients, providing innovative solutions to the evolving challenges of construction. This blog brings our readers updates from the field, where our projects are harnessing the latest in construction tools and technology, and from our communities, where our people are helping build a better tomorrow.
CSU Students Work Together to Give Back
Recently, a group of Swinerton employees and Colorado State University (CSU) Construction Management students worked diligently to build an ADA-compliant bathroom for a northern Colorado youth who is living with severe epilepsy, is blind, and unable to walk. Read More ... »
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Hellenic Studies Center Paideia to be built at URI
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Groundbreaking slated for June 30
KINGSTON, R.I. – June 25, 2009-- The University of Rhode Island will have a building of classical Greek architecture with an open air theater on its Kingston campus, thanks to the efforts of the Rhode Island chapter of Paideia, a non-profit Greek-American organization dedicated to advancing learning about classical and modern Hellenic culture and language.
Groundbreaking ceremonies for the Hellenic Studies Center Paideia, free and open to the public, will be held Tuesday, June 30 at 3 p.m. under a tent at the construction site, just behind the Fine Arts Center. A reception will immediately follow the ceremony.
The Hellenic Studies Center Paideia is comprised of the Rodos Educational Building, the Ayios Loukas Greek Orthodox Chapel, and a Classical theater.
In an agreement with the University, Paideia will lease the land and construct a 22,000 square-foot complex. The Rodos educational building will showcase Byzantine architecture, art and history in an authentic venue. The building will contain classrooms, a small lecture hall, offices, a library, archival storage, the chapel, and exhibit space. A replica of the three pillars from the Acropolis of Rodos will be a prominent feature of the building. The facility will allow expanded curriculum offerings centered on Greek language, culture, and history and serve as home to the URI Humanities Center.
The theater, patterned after the ancient theaters of Greece, will showcase educational and cultural events and serve as a valuable resource not only to URI, but also to other universities, secondary and elementary schools in the state and the surrounding region. There will also be an outdoor Socratic corner for gatherings. Construction for the project is expected to be completed within two years.
The indoor and outdoor spaces will facilitate social and intellectual engagement with the public, linking the ancient and modern worlds.
The estimated $5 million project will be funded through the generosity of Greek-Americans not only from Rhode Island and Southeastern New England, but also from the United States, Greek-American organizations, and the support of Philhellenes, friends of Greek culture. A number of Greek-American organizations and individuals have pledged their financial support. Architectural and landscape plans and the excavation and concrete foundations have already been committed to Paideia at no cost. Similar Hellenic centers have been built or are currently under way on college campuses across the country.
"Many of our core values and basic institutions derive from Greek civilization," said URI President Robert L. Carothers. "The presence on the Kingston Campus of a center for the study of classical Hellenic thought and art will give us a richer appreciation of the past and help shape more thoughtful and reflective graduates for the future. We are very proud of our continuing relationship with the Greek American community in Rhode Island."
This groundbreaking marks the last day of Carothers' presidency. The president has supported this project since its conception.
Classical offerings at URI far exceed ancient and modern Greek language classes and mythology courses. In fact, Greek-related courses are infused throughout the URI curriculum. The University estimates that more than 2,000 students each year take courses with a Hellenic focus—in history, philosophy, writing and rhetoric, art and art history, English, political science, communication studies, theatre, and women's studies.
A number of faculty members are immersed in Greek research and projects. For example, URI Professor Mary Hollinshead, a professor of art history, is a well-recognized Classical archaeologist. Greek architecture is a major focus of her research and the Aegean Bronze Age has been a longtime interest. She has written about the function of Greek temples, and currently writing a book on Greek monumental steps and ceremonial behavior. She has excavated at sites in Greece on land, and joined Dr. Robert Ballard of URI surveying the deep-sea bed of the Aegean.
New Zealander Dr. Bridget Buxton of URI's History Department is also a Classical archaeologist at Robert Ballard's Institute for Archaeological Oceanography, with many years of archaeological experience in Greece and other Mediterranean countries. She is involved in several ongoing underwater archaeology projects, including (this summer) a deepwater search for ancient Minoan.
Buxton and Hollinshead are members of URI's Archaeology Group, a team of faculty who teach archeology and related courses in the departments of art, history, anthropology, and philosophy. All six members are collaborating on a new introductory undergraduate course called "Archaeology Frontiers" that will introduce students to some of the great adventures of Greek archaeology in its pioneering days.
Students initiated a Classics Society last year, designed to convey the liveliness and pertinence of antiquity in modern life. The society's 50 members plan activities such as Classically-themed movie nights (Troy) and donning togas for Higher Education Day at the State House.
"The entire Greek community, in Rhode Island and across the country, is very excited to see this project come to fruition and has wholeheartedly supported the concept from its inception. We look forward to the ground breaking and the completion of this stunning facility. The Hellenic Studies Center Paideia will be, without a doubt, a world class facility that will be enjoyed by generations to come," said John Lyssikatos, president of the Rhode Island Chapter Paideia.
The building will be named "Rodos" after the Greek Isle of Rhodes (Rodos) and Rhode Island. (The leading theory on how Rhode Island got its name says that Giovanni da Verrazano, after viewing Aquidneck Island in 1524, wrote to the King of France saying that the island reminded him of the Isle of Rhodes.)
3D digital modeling provided courtesy of Dimitris Vlachopoulos


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You could make spools out of wood or something, and you could cover the red window, but the trouble would be determining when to stop winding. It's not obvious to me how you could solve this (it's basically the same problem we discussed earlier about using 220).
I don't know how much light would leak between the film gate and the pressure plate. I think you could fix that with strips of adhesive felt, but it would be inconvenient to remove so that you could shoot 120 again.
The price difference surprises me. Do you know anyone who travels to the States or western Europe who could bring back a few bricks of film?


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Check out how I made these sweetheart earrings from scrap fabric on Momtastic. Even if you don't like the earrings, you ought to go check out the uncomfortably close shot of my face.
A lot of you have been asking where to get ring bases for the projects here and here. When I can't find them in local craft stores, I make my own adjustable ring bases. Wanna make some, too?
- Wire (between 18 and 20 gauge) – I bought this wire from JoAnn's in the jewelry making section. It comes in several colors.
- Pliers
- Wire cutters
Cut a piece of wire 6 inches long. Fold one end over as shown above. Continue to fold the wire around, creating a spiral. The spiral will act as the base and needs to be large enough to accommodate the item you want to attach to the top if it. Once the spiral is complete, bend the remaining wire around a hi-liter. When the wire meets back at the spiral (step 3), bend and double back to the starting point (step 4). Cut the remaining wire off.
Once the base is made, use E3000 glue or a brad to attach a fabric flower, button, or other fanciful item to the top of the spiral.
The Real Deal: It costs less than $0.25 to make one ring base.
I've got a sweet giveaway coming up Friday that you don't want to miss!
Now, you already know how I love flowers and rings. With summer coming along I wanted to whip up a fabric flower elastic ring using scraps.
- Scrap fabric
- Elastic
- Hot glue and gun
Make this fabric flower and cut a piece of elastic a little larger than your finger size. Overlap the elastic and hot glue it together.
Hot glue the overlapped area to the back of the flower. Ta Da! Make one for all your summer dresses.
The Real Deal: I used scraps so it didn't cost me anything.
Ooooh….. let's make some fabric flower rings with no glue or thread.
- Scrap Fabric
- Scissors
- Brad
- Metal ring base
- Flame (to singe edges of fabric)
- Pliers
Cut five circles of fabric and singe the edges. Like these projects here and here. Stack the circles, slice the center with scissors, and insert a brad through the slit.
Looking for more craft ideas with brads? Look here and here.
Flatten the brad. Using pliers, turn each end up.
Place the ring base between the folded ends of the brad. Fold the ends of the brad over the ring base.
The Real Deal: It costs less than $2.00 to make one of these rings.


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Venice, ITALY
Venice is a city in northeast Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city and lagoon are listed as World Heritage Sites.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) (population 1,600,000).
The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century B.C. The city historically was the capital of the Venetian Republic. Venice has been known as the "La Dominante", "Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". Luigi Barzini described it in The New York Times as "undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man". Venice has also been described by the Times Online as being one of Europe's most romantic cities.
The Republic of Venice was a major maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as a very important center of commerce (especially silk, grain, and spice) and art in the 13th century up to the end of the 17th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history. It is also known for its several important artistic movements, especially the Renaissance period. Venice has played an important role in the history of symphonic and operatic music, and it is the birthplace of Antonio Vivaldi.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice
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1- All sizes | Panorama of Venice, Italy. | Flickr - Photo Sharing!
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1- Flickr: Ramon Stoppelenburg's Photostream
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Step By Steps
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Baby Shower Invitation
When mother-to-be's got sleepless nights ahead, celebrate the new arrival instead.
Book Club Tote Bag
Light reading is for amateurs. That's why serious readers need a bag to carry their heavy reading material.
Bridesmaid T-Shirt
Bridesmaids don't always get the best dresses, but at least they'll have the cutest t-shirts.
Create a Close-Knit Family with Matching T-Shirts
Your close-knit family won't get lost in the crowd with these matching t-shirts.
Get Attracted to Magnetic Paper Dolls
It's your own mini-me—and a magnetic force to be reckoned with.
Good Night, Sleep Tight with Personalized Pillowcases
Kids can't wait to rest their sleepy heads on these fun and quirky pillowcases.


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This Month's Best ShotWho: Donnie MyersWhere: Hagerstown, MarylandWhat: '03 GMC Sierra
Donnie Myers of Hagerstown, Maryland, gets the Sport Truck Sweet Shot thumbs up for taking his time on this lead image. Black is a difficult color to shoot, but he pulled it off - excellent front-three-quarter shot, no shadows on the truck, sun at his back, good background, and in focus.
Good job on the truck as well. Donnie's '03 GMC Sierra sports an extended cab and a 5.3L engine to start. A DJM 4/6 lowering system was used to get the stance right. All the badges were removed to clean up the body lines. A Gaylord X-2000 tonneau cover was fitted to the bed, and not only helps to smooth the lines, but also covers his carpet kit. In-Pro Car Wear fits the rear taillamps with smoked taillights, and a Sir Michaels steel roll pan gives a custom look to the rear end. Up front, a Precision Stainless billet grille and bumper complement the work out back. Boze Alloys are Donnie's wheel of choice. The 22x10-inch rims were wrapped in respectable low-pro hides. The clean look was accented with a mean-sounding Borla after-cat exhaust.
SS-10Who: Kenneth MunkeltWhere: Bloomingburg, New YorkWhat: '03 Chevy S-10
Kenneth thought he would personalize his mini by building his version of a Chevy SS-10. To achieve the goal, he shaved the gate on the bed. A Stillen roll pan was fitted along with APC diamond-cut clear corners. Up front, he put 3-inch driving lamps in a Street Scene third-generation bumper cover to start. A billet Bow Tie, Street Scene Speed Grille, and Xenon bulbs give the mini a custom look. He used a Goodmark cowl-induction hood to give it some muscle, then lowered the truck over Eagle Alloy 212s equipped with Cooper Zeon 245/45/18 with a DJM 4/6 drop. Inside, a Kenwood KDC-MP825 head unit with Pioneer 4640 4x6-inch speakers in the dash and JBL 652s (6-1/2-inch speakers) in the doors were added. Two Kicker 10-inch subs and 1,200 watts of Kicker power complete the audio entertainment. To top it all off, Kenneth added Silverado SS badges.
White RangerWho: Jenny MilitzerWhere: Toledo, OhioWhat: '98 Ford Ranger XLT
Jenny broke out the Whiteout on her '98 Ranger. She started with a Street Scene front bumper cover and Keystone hood for the custom touch. An ARE tonneau cover and Lund roll pan were the next items to smooth off the stock look. Then she finished off the bodywork by shaving the mudflaps and badges. The truck was reshot in Ford White, and APC projector headlights and clear corners finished off the Whiteout look. Some 18-inch Ultra Platinum Fat Boy wheels with Falken tires fit Jenny's budget. On the performance side, Jenny equipped her white Ranger with a Flowmaster exhaust system and Volant high-flow intake and cold-air duct.
S-20Who: Josh McDowellWhere: Danville, VirginiaWhat: '96 Chevy S-10
Josh built this '96 S-10 to be a clean driver. A Street Scene Speed Grille and valance with billet grille insert were the first steps in getting the little hauler on the custom path. A billet Bow Tie and Goodmark second-generation cowl-induction hood finish off the street-machine appeal. Street Scene mirrors were painted the stock sleek black to add to the stealthy look. A Checkmate flush-mount tonneau cover and Street Scene roll pan enhance the smooth look the shaved tailgate handle and taillights give to the back half. Inside, a Sony M8805x CD player helps to drown out the sound of the Airaid intake and dual-chamber Flowmaster exhaust system. The final touches include billet step plates and Hi-Tech LED flush-mount taillights. The package sits on a 4/5 suspension drop and fits Structure 20x8-inch wheels wrapped in 255/35/ZR20 tires.


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Expedia Price Guarantee
You're getting the lowest possible rate.
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Hotel Price Guarantee available
Find a cheaper hotel within 24 hours of booking. We will refund the difference and give you a travel coupon worth $50.
As a member, you receive price matching up until midnight before check-in. Not a member? Join now.
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Book your room at Holiday Inn Express Aberdeen Exhibition Centre
Two Single Beds Non Smoking
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)One Double and One Sofa Bed Non-Smoking
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children)Standard Non-Smoking
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child)3-star Aberdeen hotel in Central Aberdeen, walk to Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre
Located in Central Aberdeen, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Seaton Park, Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre, and Royal Aberdeen Golf Club. Cathedral of St. Machar and University of Aberdeen are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a bar/lounge, this smoke-free hotel has a 24-hour business center and dry cleaning. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include laundry facilities, a 24-hour front desk, and multilingual staff.
Room Amenities
All 135 rooms offer free WiFi, flat-screen TVs with satellite channels, and free local calls. Hair dryers, showers, and phones are among the other amenities that guests will find.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This 3-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center. Event facilities measure 775 square feet (72 square meters). This Aberdeen hotel also offers multilingual staff, laundry facilities, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Holiday Inn Express Aberdeen Exhibition Centre is a smoke-free property.
- Smoke-free property
- Elevator/lift
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 135
- Number of floors - 5
- Bar/lounge
- Free breakfast
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- 24-hour business center
- Conference space size (feet) - 775
- Conference space size (meters) - 72
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Free self parking
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Pay movies
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Shower only
- Satellite TV service
- Desk
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast each morning.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Only service dogs are allowed
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
We should mention
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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April 2008
Gracious Host »
After years of catching only a tantilizing glimpse of Havre de Grace, Md., from a bridge across the Susquehannah River, J. V. Reistrup and his wife Cathe decide to pay the town a proper visit--by boat. What they find is a charming old Bay village, still very much alive and plotting a course to its future.
Read this article
Phased Protection
It has taken nearly 20 years for all 84 of Virginia's designated "Tidewater" counties and municipalities to identify and then regulate the state's environmentally sensitive wetlands and shores. But Phase Three--matching the Bay Protection Act's intent with local zoning laws--is here at last. In part two of this two-part series, J. V. Reistrup takes a look at the Virginia side of the critical areas equation.
Fishing Forecast 2008
Anglers, here's your catch of the month--
Chesapeake Bay Magazine
's annual fishing prognostication. Our super-seer John Page Williams has his eye on the (crystal) ball and tells you how to stay at the top of your game fish.
From the Editor
Gimme Five . . . No, Make That Ten » It's time to toot our own horn again. Yes, our people have made another great showing in the annual Boating Writers International writing contest.
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Nautical Know-How
Stop That Trailer! » Jerry Gibbs gives you the tips and tools needed to update and maintain your boat trailer's braking system.
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Cozy Carter's Cove » Nestled in tiny Carter Cove, off Carter Creek and the Rappahannock, Carter's Cove Marina welcomes Diana Prentice to its docks--and even to dinner.
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Cruise of the Month
The Gods Must Be Crazy (About Wine) » With Poseidon on his side, Starke Jett ventures up the Great Wicomico River to Athena Vineyards & Winery to taste the nectar of the gods.
Reader Rendezvous
Sailors 1, Cruisers 0 » A diehard sailor, Connie McBride confuses a passing sailboat's crew as she and her husband actually sail through the tight entrance to Whitehall Creek.
Horton at Large
Imagining Build-Out » As the region prepares for a population overload, Tom Horton, inspired by the folks in Calvert County, Md., wonders whether it's possible to "just say no" to growth.
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News ReleasesAir Canada Offers Self-Service Tips for a Smooth Winter and Peak Holiday Travel ExperienceHighlights
MONTREAL, Dec. 6, 2011 /CNW Telbec/ - With the winter travel season upon us including the peak holiday travel period between December 20, 2011 and January 8, 2012, Air Canada is gearing up to ensure customers a smooth travel experience by offering time-saving tips.
Check flight status online
Flight notification
Web check-in at aircanada.com
Mobile check-in on your mobile device Blackberry and iPhone Apps make it convenient for travellers with mobile devices to retrieve electronic boarding passes, track flight information in real-time, receive notification of itinerary changes and obtain other details about Air Canada flights. Apps are available free on-line from Air Canada's mobile site (http://mobile.aircanada.com)
Self-service rebooking tool
Electronic boarding pass
Recommended check-in times during peak travel days
BAGGAGE INFORMATION The carry-on baggage allowance is one standard article 23cm x 40cm x 55cm weighing a maximum of 10 kg, and one personal article 16cm x 33cm x 43cm weighing a maximum of 10 kg. More information is available at: aircanada.com/carryon Information on checked baggage allowance is available at: aircanada.com/checked
Sporting Equipment
External and internal name tags
SECURITY For more information, please consult the following official web sites:
Transport Canada at www.tc.gc.ca
TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION Children travelling outside of Canada with one parent may require legal documentation proving the other parent or guardian's consent that the child may leave the country. Consult the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade at 1-800-267-8376 to determine if such documentation is necessary. Air Canada encourages customers to complete any travel information form ahead of time at aircanada.com.
Travelling to, from or via the U.S. All passengers, including Canadian and U.S. citizens, are required to present a valid passport when travelling by air between Canada and the United States.
Air Canada wishes you a safe and happy |


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Customer Reviews
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Comments: I ordered pen and business card holder set. My sales man (name: Nelson) did great and kindness. he trying to did everything he can he is best ever sales man. thanks again


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Riverchase United Methodist Church
Sunday, April 26, 2015
Sharing the Joy of Christ
Community OutreachCommunity outreach gives us an opportunity to go outside the church walls and be the hands and feet of Christ to our community without having to buy airfare! Riverchase ministers through service to children, families, seniors, the hungry and homeless, those affected by disaster, and our communities seasonal needs. Please join us as we spread the Good News through service in our area! For more information on these programs or to volunteer, please contact John Ray at 205-397-3012 or email@example.com or Wes Savage at 205-397-3004 or email@example.com. |


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Nick099 5pts Great!!! Just what the world needs....more batteries for landfills, more diesels to really add soot to the air, and more mining in Bolivia and China for cobalt ( for the batteries), also more oil-fired freighters to get everything to the factories. Hey wait!!! maybe we can bring back the Clipper Ships!!!! Another useless exercise to address nonexistent problems that exist only in the minds of the imbeciles and politicians.
JC 06Z33 5pts You'd really write poetry about this thing? It's an R8 that got beat over the hood with an ugly stick.


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- ADA compliant design
- Large variety of entrance and tenant stations - buildings can have a mix of all stations
- 170° PanTilt & Zoom video camera for larger viewing area
- Built-in access code keypad for keyless entry (500 codes)
- Alpha-numeric room numbering
- Module which allows modulation and transmission of the color video signal on the riser
- On input it has the composite video signal of a color camera
- Complete with microprocessor and DIP SWITCH with 8 positions for programming calls to users
- 33Vdc power supply via special power supply unit Art. 1595
- Onboard electronic lock-release function (3A), plus C, NC, NO 10A relay contacts. For use in modules Art. 33400, 33401 and 33402
- Powercom Series Ipower System Colour Audio/Video Unit
See any errors on this page? Let us know.


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Buddhism | Nov 18 2008
SGI Members Celebrate Soka Gakkai's Founding Day
On and around November 18, 2008, SGI members throughout the world gathered to celebrate Soka Gakkai's founding day (November 18, 1930) in their respective locales. SGI-Ecuador members SGI-USA members in Santa Monica SGI-Philippines ... read more
Buddhism | Nov 16 2008
New SGI Center Opens in Wellington, New Zealand
On November 16, 2008, the SGI-New Zealand Wellington Center opened in Wellington, New Zealand's capital. SGI-New Zealand General Director Jimi Wallace, SGI-Oceania Chair Richard Sasaki and some 200 members attended the opening ceremony, which also commemorated November 18, Soka Gakkai Founding Day. SGI President Daisaku Ikeda sent a ... read more
Buddhism | Nov 16 2008
Study Exams on Nichiren Buddhism Held in Canada and 21 Countries in Europe
On October 26, 2008, approximately 300 SGI-Canada youth sat for a study exam at 20 venues across Canada, such as Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal and Ottawa. Study materials for the young people included basic concepts of Nichiren Buddhism, the history of the Soka Gakkai and SGI President Daisaku Ikeda's lecture ... read more
Buddhism | Nov 1 2008
SGI President's Interview with Tricycle Magazine Available Online
The winter 2008 edition of Tricycle, a leading U.S.-based magazine on Buddhism in the West, carries an interview with SGI President Daisaku Ikeda. ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 28 2008
Monthly Leaders Meeting in Japan Commemorates Soka Gakkai Founding Day
Soka Gakkai President Minoru Harada, referring to the present worldwide economic turmoil, asked everyone to support society by engaging in genuine dialogue brimming with conviction that inspires people with hope and reassurance. He stated that having a youthful spirit means to uphold justice and speak out against corruption. Young ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 25 2008
3,500 SGI-Germany Members Gather in Berlin
On October 25, 2008, some 3,500 SGI-Germany members gathered from throughout the country at the Tempodrom concert hall in Berlin. Forty-seven pioneer SGI members from 17 European countries also attended the meeting. Dr. Horst-Eberhard Richter, co-founder and honorary board member for the German Chapter of International Physicians for the Prevention ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 24 2008
SGI-Haiti Leader is Guest Speaker on National Radio Program
On September 26, 2008, SGI-Haiti Chapter Leader Niaud Pierre appeared on "Eduquer la Cite," a radio program run by the National Radio of Haiti (Radio Nationale d'Haiti), at the request of the program's host Aristide Vauban. Mr. Pierre was asked to introduce how the SGI and its members view ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 21 2008
Symposium on Interfaith Dialogue Held at Wellesley College, Massachusetts, USA
The symposium was divided into three sessions and themes: religion and conflict; religion, women and society; and religion and the environment. In session one, Dr. David Bernat, expert on Judaism at Wellesley College, stressed the importance of interpreting sacred scriptures from a humanistic perspective. Dr. Hiroshi Kanno, IOP senior research ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 19 2008
SGI-Greece Members Meet on Aegean Island
From October 16-19, 2008, SGI-Greece hosted an autumn study session at Eretria, Evvoia, Greece. Over 90 members from throughout the country, including those living on small islands, attended the session. Together with SGI-Greece General Director Dimitri Dimopoulos and Women's Leader Monika Vermeulen, attendees studied SGI President Daisaku Ikeda's lecture series ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 19 2008
SGI-Brazil Holds Grassroots Meetings Throughout Brazil
On October 18 and 19, 2008, SGI-Brazil (BSGI) members gathered at some 5,800 locales throughout the country, celebrating the 48th "BSGI Day" (October 19), marking the day SGI President Daisaku Ikeda first visited Brazil. Mr. Ikeda arrived in São Paulo, Brazil, on October 19, 1960. The SGI's first overseas ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 17 2008
SGI Participates in Frankfurt Book Fair 2008
From October 15-17, 2008, the annual Frankfurt Book Fair was held in Frankfurt, Germany. The history of the Frankfurt Book Fair dates back to the 15th century. Today it is considered to be the world's oldest and largest international book fair. ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 13 2008
SGI-Iceland Initiates "Encouragement Campaign"
SGI-Iceland Young Women's Leader Eyrún Ósk Jónsdóttir commented, "We are sensing a lot of desperation among the general public here in Iceland. Now people are looking for something more secure to put their hearts into." TV1, one of the three TV channels in Iceland, contacted SGI-Iceland General Director Eygló Jónsdóttir ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 12 2008
SGI-New Zealand Holds Study Examination on Nichiren Buddhism
On October 12, 2008, SGI-New Zealand held an elementary-level study examination at 10 venues throughout the country. The candidates were tested in the language of their choice, either English, Japanese or Chinese. Study materials included "Reply to Sairen-bo" and "The Dragon Gate" from Nichiren's writings; basic concepts of Nichiren ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 11 2008
SGI-Peru Leaders and Youth Look to the Future
On September 24, 2008, some 650 SGI-Peru leaders gathered at the SGI-Peru Culture Center in Lima, Peru. SGI-Peru Women's Leader María Eugenia Fernádes Loayza announced activities for the remainder of the year and asked everyone to make the most of their November discussion meetings. Participants studied "On Attaining Buddhahood ... read more
Buddhism | Oct 11 2008
SGI-Slovenia Members Meet
On October 11, 2008, SGI-Slovenia members gathered together in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia in the Balkans. In 1991, the Republic of Slovenia became independent from the former Yugoslavia. SGI-Slovenia Chapter was established in 2001. Since then, its members have shared and highlighted the humanistic philosophy of Buddhism through grassroots ... read more


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Issue: January 2014
Challenging Chocolate Gouramis
Into the Labyrinth
Author: Mark DenaroThe chocolate gouramis are beautiful, but they can also be challenging. Mark Denaro explains how you may care for them successfully.
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Using LabVIEW to Rapidly Build an Autonomous Robot and Compete in the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition
We developed a sophisticated, autonomous ground vehicle using LabVIEW software and NI FPGA-based hardware.
"Without NI Single-Board RIO and the LabVIEW FPGA Module, none of our technical innovations would be possible – by using the parallel processing capabilities of an FPGA, Athena can process LIDAR data scans at 70 Hz whereas a comparable PC-based robot could only process scans at 10 Hz."
- Gray Thomas,
Olin College of Engineering
The Challenge:
Developing an autonomous vehicle to compete in the annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC), an autonomous ground vehicle race through an obstacle-filled path marked by painted lines.
The Solution:
Using the NI LabVIEW FPGA Module to design and successfully debug an obstacle-avoidance algorithm on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and integrate this low-level processing with a line avoiding algorithm written on a laptop.
Explore the NI Developer Community
Discover and collaborate on the latest example code and tutorials with a worldwide community of engineers and scientists.
Who is National Instruments?
National Instruments provides a graphical system design platform for test, control, and embedded design applications that is transforming the way engineers and scientists design, prototype, and deploy systems.


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1953 Buick Skylark Convertible, At $5,000.00 The Skylark was as expensive as the average house. Buick sold only 1,690, a fine example of which... More
Buick 1937 Century Convertible Coupe. Frame off rotiserre restoration on mostly rust free car. All running gear restored including completely rebuilt 320 engine. Dark... More
1985 Buick Grand National1 ownerWell taken care of3.6SFI turbo Completely rebuilt last summer with only 8 hours on it90720 miles on the bodyNew QA1... More
1967 Buick Gran Sport GS 400, aka The Black Widow 2, restored it from bottom up in 06-07, cars mileage is 100% true it... More
1938 BUICK CENTURY COUPE, Model 66-S, top chopped 3.5", 500 cid Cadillac engine, fresh TH 400 transmission, ¹76 Camaro front clip, disc brakes, Scotts... More
1937 Buick Century 4 door straight 8 cylinder, Hi Buick Collectors ! I spoke to Pete Phillips, editor of the monthly Buick Club magazine... More
1987 Buick Grand National. Molly Signature Series - Trunk tag signed by Molly Sanders. 2738 Miles. All Original. T-tops. No power options. T-Tops. Tilt... More
1987 Buick GNX, mint condition, 127 miles, all original, never raced or tracked, plastic still on the floor and seats, window sticker on the... More
1941 Buick Super Model 56C Convertible Coupe Full, stunning older restoration Same California Owner for last 40 years 248CID Straight 8 DynaFlash motor, rated at 125HP at... More
I972 Buick Centurion 4554 Convertible Magazine Show Car -Full Cosmetic restoration including -top- interior- paint -tires- trunk and interior carpets -sill plates matching parade... More
1987 Buick GNX # 274, Second owner of this highly documented GNX. Documentation begins with picture of the car on the carrier that delivered... More
Stunning show quality torpedo-styled 1941 Buick 46S Special two door coupe with no details left undone. Named "Bogie" for--well you know--Humphrey Bogart. Rare Aberdeen... More
1969 Buick Gran Sport GS 400, Fully documented Canada built car in true mint condition - as new in all aspects - all original -... More
1991 Buick Reatta Convertible, This is a very special one of a kind car. Because only 205 convertibles were delivered to dealerships, it was... More
1970 BUICK GRAN SPORT - Highly Collectable / Very Desirable - Correct Sea Mist Green with Pearl White Interior and White Top and Coordinating Convertible Boot -... More


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- all services (gas, electricity, wifi, sat tv, water) - completely equipped and furnished - 1 bedroom, laundry room, 1 and 1/2 bathroom, kitchen, living room & dining room - cleaning and laundry optional (once a week it´s included) - the safest place in Guanajuato - 800 ft2 - quiet street ! (only the church's sounds)
street level! the cars have access only to parking
We had a truly wonderful time in Guanajuato thanks to our host Alex. We loved the charm of this quirky-modern apartment in an old building. Great culture and public spaces. Central location. The church across the street was noisy day and night but we paid it little attention after the first night. After all, we were on vacation! Wear good shoes, prepare to climb stairs and steep streets. Go!
Alex was prompt with meeting us at his unit. He's a great guy and periodically checks in with you to see how things are going. The unit is perfectly located downtown and within steps of restaurants, bars, museums and stores. Since the unit is located on a dead end street, there is not a lot of traffic noise. The location is, however, directly across the street from an historic church, so you can expect to hear church bells and church music from time to time. The inside of the unit was clean and well stocked with necessary kitchen items and appliances. The bedroom loft upstairs nicely separates the living/dining room area from the sleeping area. The unit also has a bonus wash room for extra storage. Next time we're in downtown Guanajuato, we will definitely stay at Alex's place.
We had a very good stay at Alex's apartment. The apartment was as advertised, the bed was very comfortable and the apartment was in a great location. We walked to all the central sights and activities. Alex, the host, met us at the apartment to explain everything and checked in with us during our stay. The apartment does not get a lot of natural light as there is only one window (and some small windows around the door), but there are but the other positives outweighed this. The main attraction of the apartment was the central location. The church bells and singing from the church only added to the charm of the apartment.
This was a great place to stay for our weekend in Guanajuato. The location was excellent --- I don't think we walked more than 5-15 minutes to get everywhere we wanted to go. Also, it wasn't up a hill like many other places, which was great for this pregnant traveller! In addition the to the location, the bed was super comfortable and the bathroom clean with a nice hot shower. Thanks for the great stay, Alex!
We thoroughly enjoyed our stay in Guanajuato, especially being in a perfect location! Alex was prompt, efficient, professional and personal. The apartment was clean, comfortable and in a great location. walking distance to everything. the photos are very true to the actual facility. Guanajuato and Alex's apartment both come highly recommended for anyone traveling in Mexico.
Alex has a great apartment located walking distance from all the major points of interest. Three of us stayed in his fabulous air bnb. We all felt comfortable and enjoyed the amenities of the place: washer, great kitchen, 1.5 bathroom, awesome king size bed and great fold out sofa. Alex and his wife are honest, punctual, thorough, and very welcoming. Only delta, the 8AM bells and the music school. I give this place a 9 out of 10. Impeccably clean!
Nos encantó estar en el departamento de Alex, por primera vez usamos este servicio distinto a un hotel e íbamos con nuestras dudas, pero fue por mucho más de lo que esperabamos, muy acogedor, bastante espacioso, limpio y muy bien ubicado. Estar en este lugar nos dio la oportunidad de vivir el encanto de Guanajuato de manera más privada y tranquila. Agradecemos a Alex, que siempre fue muy amable, la oportunidad de hospedarnos ahí y pasar una experiencia diferente en nuestra estancia, de hecho siempre que haya oportunidad nunca volveremos a un hotel en Guanajuato : )
I like to manage this place because it's a family property and I really like to meet people from other countries and make feel them very wellcome to my natal city. As my wife is an architect and I'm a civil engineer, We love to build places and make them get sense and comfort.
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Trademark dilution
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2008) |
Intellectual property law and Intellectual rights |
Primary rights |
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Trademark dilution is a trademark law concept giving the owner of a famous trademark standing to forbid others from using that mark in a way that would lessen its uniqueness. In most cases, trademark dilution involves an unauthorized use of another's trademark on products that do not compete with, and have little connection with, those of the trademark owner. For example, a famous trademark used by one company to refer to hair care products might be diluted if another company began using a similar mark to refer to breakfast cereals or spark plugs.[1] Dilution is a basis of trademark infringement that only applies to famous marks. With non-famous marks, the owner of the mark must show that the allegedly infringing use creates a likelihood of confusion as to the source of the product or service being identified by the allegedly infringing use. With non-famous marks, it is highly unlikely a likelihood of confusion will be found if the products or services are in unrelated markets. However, with famous marks, any use by another person of the mark has the potential for confusion, since a famous mark is so well known among the consuming public that people will assume affiliation with the owner of the mark regardless of the product or service being sold under the infringing use.
Trademark law traditionally concerned itself with situations where an unauthorized party sold goods that are directly competitive with or at least related to those sold by the trademark owner. A trademark is diluted when the use of similar or identical trademarks in other non-competing markets means that the trademark in and of itself will lose its capacity to signify a single source. In other words, unlike ordinary trademark law, dilution protection extends to trademark uses that do not confuse consumers regarding who has made a product. Instead, dilution protection law aims to protect sufficiently strong trademarks from losing their singular association in the public mind with a particular product, perhaps imagined if the trademark were to be encountered independently of any product (e.g., just the word Pepsi spoken, or on a billboard).[1]
Requirements for protection[edit]
The strength required for a trademark to deserve dilution protection differs among jurisdictions, though it generally includes the requirement that it must be distinctive, famous, or even unique. Such trademarks would include instantly recognizable brand names, such as Coca-Cola, Kleenex, Kool-Aid, or Sony, and unique terms that were invented (such as Exxon) rather than surnames (such as Ford or Zamboni) or ordinary words in language. Some jurisdictions require additional registration of these trademarks as defensive marks in order to qualify for dilution protection.
Another way of describing the necessary strength of a trademark may establish some basis for dilution protection from a consumer-confusion standpoint. Truly famous trademarks are likely to be seen in many different contexts due to branching out or simple sponsorship, to the extent that there may be very few markets, if any, that a consumer would be surprised to see that famous trademark involved in. A prime example may be the past involvement of Coca-Cola in clothing lines.
Blurring and tarnishment[edit]
Dilution is sometimes divided into two related concepts: blurring, or essentially basic dilution, which "blurs" a mark from association with only one product to signify other products in other markets (such as "Kodak shoes"); and tarnishment, which is the weakening of a mark through unsavory or unflattering associations.[2] Not all dilution protection laws recognize tarnishment as an included concept.
Laws by country[edit]
In Canada, the legal basis can be found in s. 22 of the Trade-marks Act:
" |
22. (1) no person shall use a trade mark registered by another person in a manner that is likely to have the effect of depreciating the value of the goodwill attaching thereto. (2) In any action in respect of a use of a trade mark contrary to subsection (1), the court may decline to order the recovery of damages or profits and may permit the defendant to continue to sell wares marked with the trade-mark that were in his possession or under his control at the time notice was given to him that the owner of the registered trade-mark complained of the use of the trade-mark.[3] |
" |
It is commonly acknowledged that goodwill is constituted by the reputation of a trade mark and its persuasive effect.[4]
Application of Section 22 by Canadian Courts[edit]
In the Clairol case,[5] the court stated that goodwill can be depreciate through "reduction of the esteem in which the mark itself is held or through the direct persuasion and enticing in customers who could otherwise be expected to buy or continue to buy good bearing the trade mark". The court added that the test of confusion is irrelevant here and that the "test is the likelihood of depreciating the value of the goodwill attached to the trade mark" and that this result could be obtained without actual deception/ confusion.[5]
S. 22 thus steps where confusion fails to tread. Even if there is no actual risk that the consumer might be confused between the two products, the trade mark owner will still be able to prevent another person from using his/her trade mark if that use is likely to depreciate the value of the trade mark.
In the Veuve Clicquot case,[6] the trade mark of the famous French champagne was used by a small chain of women's clothing store that was trading in eastern Quebec and Ottawa. According to the court, s. 22 applies even where a defendant's wares or services do not compete with the plaintiff's and their mark are not identical. The marks were not identical ("Cliquot" and "Veuve clicquot") and the risk of confusing the champagne brand and a clothing store was low. However the court ruled that the only element needed was the ability of an average consumer to recognize the first distinctive character. Even if the trade mark is not that well known, the fact that a significant goodwill is attached to it might be enough for the court to find the use by another person unlawful.[7] However in that particular case, the court claimed that the plaintiff Veuve Clicquot failed to prove that the linkage between Champagne and clothing was likely to cause depreciation.
In the Perrier case,[8] the plaintiff, a French company, was the bottler and distributor of spring water. It sought an injunction to restrain another company base in Ontario from advertising and distributing bottled water in association with the name "Pierre eh!" claiming that the value of the goodwill attached to the French trade mark would likely be depreciated. The plaintiff succeeded on section 22 to stop the use of "Pierre Eh!" on bottled water.
How to prove depreciation of goodwill?[edit]
The plaintiff has to prove the elements of section 22, particularly that the use would likely depreciate the value of the goodwill of the claimant's mark. A precision has been made by Vaver, that the fact "that the use could well cause depreciation is not enough". The use must actually have caused depreciation".[7]
Limits to the use of Section 22[edit]
The use of Section 22 was restricted in the Clairol case to the use "in the technical trade-mark sense". For example, unions are allowed to use the trade mark to caricature because caricature or criticism is not a trade mark infringement, nor event a use of the trade mark, if it occurs outside "the normal course of trade". (see also The Michelin v CAW case. In that case, the court rejected the trade mark infringement argument because no one was planning on using the trade mark to sell a product).
United States[edit]
Prior to specifically targeted laws being adopted, dilution protection was used in some U.S. jurisdictions to attack domain name infringement of trademarks (see Cybersquatting). For example, in the 1998 case of Panavision International v. Toeppen, defendant Dennis Toeppen registered the domain name www.panavision.com, and posted aerial views of the city of Pana, Illinois on the site. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals found that trademark dilution occurred when potential customers of Panavision could not find its web site at panavision.com, and instead were forced to search through other (less obvious) domain names. The fact that potential customers might be discouraged from locating Panavision's legitimate website, coupled with evidence that Toeppen was in the business of registering domain names for profit, led the court to find that Toeppen's conduct "diminished the capacity of the Panavision marks to identify and distinguish Panavision's goods and services on the Internet", and thus constituted dilution.[9]
Lately, the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006 (H.R. 683), was signed into law, which overturned Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc., 537 U.S. 418 (2003). Moseley held the plaintiff needed to prove actual dilution under the Federal Trademark Dilution Act ("FTDA"). The new law revises the FTDA so that the plaintiff only needs to show the defendant's mark is likely to cause dilution.[10] However, the revision also reduced the universe of marks falling under its protection, requiring that marks be nationally well known to qualify for protection from dilution.
For example, when Wolfe's Borough Coffee, Inc., a New Hampshire-based coffee company, sold its coffee under the trademarks that included the words "Charbucks Blend" and "Mr. Charbucks," Starbucks Corporation sued, claiming that the use of the word "Charbucks" diluted the "Starbucks" mark by both blurring and tarnishment. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals decided[11] that marks need not be "substantially similar" under the FTDA for dilution to occur when other factors supporting a finding of dilution, such as the distinctiveness of the famous mark and the degree of its recognition, were present. In its decision, the court found that these other factors may be sufficient to support a dilution claim and remanded the case to the district court in order to determine whether dilution had in fact occurred.[12]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b Ty Inc. v. Perryman, 306 F.3d 509 (7th Cir. 2002).
- ^ Louis Vuitton Malletier S.A. v. Haute Diggity Dog, LLC, 464 F. Supp. 2d 495, 504-505 (E.D. Va. 2006).
- ^ "Trade-marks Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. T-13), s. 22".
- ^ Vaver 2011, p. 525.
- ^ a b Clairol International Corp. v. Thomas Supply & Equipment Co. Ltd., (1968) 55 C.P.R. 176, [1968] 2 Ex. C.R. 552
- ^ Veuve Clicquot Consardin v Boutiques Cliquot Ltéé
- ^ a b Vaver 2011, p. 526.
- ^ Source Perrier v. Fira-Less Marketing Co. Limited, [1983] 2 F.C. 18
- ^ Panavision Int'l v. Toeppen, 141 F.3d 1316 (9th Cir. 1998).
- ^ Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006, Pub.L. 109–312, 120 Stat. 1730, amending
- ^ Starbucks Corporation v. Wolfe's Borough Coffee, Inc. d/b/a Black Bear Micro Roastery, 588 F.3d 97 (2d Cir. 2009).
- ^ Steve Abreu (January 2010). "Has STARBUCKS Been Diluted? The Ongoing Effort to Protect Famous Marks". Sunstein Kann Murphy & Timbers LLP.
Further reading[edit]
- Simon, Ilanah (Summer 2006). "The Actual Dilution Requirement in the United States, United Kingdom and European Union: A Comparative Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Science & Technology Law 12 (2).
- Vaver, David (2011). Intellectual Property Law: Copyright, Patents, Trade-Marks (2nd ed.). Toronto: Irwin Law Inc. ISBN 978-1-55221-209-7.
External links[edit]
- Trademark Act of 1946 (aka Title 15, Chapter 22, of the United States Code) also here Registration of trademarks is Sec. 1051, and the prohibition of dilution is in Sec. 1125
- Text of the Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006 from GPO


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PRESS QUERIES ONLY Contact Kathryn Barrett (707) 827-7314
August 17, 2009
While this book highlights software projects, its wise axioms contain project management principles applicable to projects of all types in any industry. You can read the book end to end or browse to find topics that are of particular relevance to you. 97 Things Every Project Manager Should Know is both a useful reference and a source of inspiration.
Among the 97 practical tips:
For a review copy or more information please email firstname.lastname@example.com Please include your delivery address and contact information.
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text:
Professor Cedric Merlin Powell Receives LBA Trailblazer Award
On February 25, Professor Cedric Merlin Powell, received the Louisville Bar Association's annual Trailblazer Award, given each year during Black History Month at the Bar Association. Previous recipients include the late Justice William E. McAnulty Jr. and numerous other distinguished lawyers, jurists, and public officials. Professor Powell is the first member of the legal education community to be recognized by this award. Professor Powell's remarks in receiving the award spoke of the essential principle of "empathy" in addressing issues of race.
I am deeply humbled and honored to receive this award. Not only is it profound to me that I am receiving an award named after one of the Commonwealth's greatest jurists, I also share this great honor with a group of distinguished members of the Louisville and Kentucky bars. I am especially honored to be the first law professor to receive this great privilege.
Read more of his remarks here.


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Kyle Okposo Top-5 Moments of 2011-12: # 4 |
3/29/12 vs. PIT: Okposo's second period power play goal gave the Islanders a 2-1 lead, and his third period tally proved to be the game-winner, as the Islanders won 5-3 over the division rival Penguins. With his second goal, Okposo reached the 20-goal plateau for the first time in his career. |


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Basic Global Marijuana March city lists
1,523pages on
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See the latest GMM graphics, and worldwide GMM city list and map.
Global Marijuana March (GMM). Right-click and open any image, image icon, or image title link for more info and larger sizes. Upload posters, banners, flyers. See uploading help.
Pages in category "Basic Global Marijuana March city lists"
The following 15 pages are in this category, out of 15 total.
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text:
Conventional mammography uses X-rays to look for tumors or suspicious areas in the breasts. Digital mammography also uses X-rays, but the data is collected on computer instead of on a piece of film. This means that the image can be computer-enhanced, or areas can be magnified. Eventually, a computer could in certain appropriate situations, screen digital mammograms, theoretically detecting suspicious areas that human error might miss.
(Top) Breast images using conventional mammography. (Bottom) Digital mammography images of the same woman. Images courtesy of Dr. Laurie Fajardo, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | National Institutes of Health | National Cancer Institute | USA.gov
NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health®


text:
Permanent URL to this publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-57400
Furrer, R D; Kyabulima, S; Willems, E P; Cant, M A; Manser, M B (2011). Location and group size influence decisions in simulated intergroup encounters in banded mongooses. Behavioral Ecology, 109(2):501-505.
| Published Version 569kB View at publisher |
In social species that cooperatively defend territories the decision to retreat or attack in contests between groups is likely to depend on ecological and social factors. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the encounter location or the size of competing groups on the outcome. In addition, the identity of the intruder, whether familiar or stranger, may also play a role. To test whether the same factors affect the resident group's decisions already at the beginning of contests, we simulated intergroup encounters in banded mongooses (Mungos mungo). When spotting rival groups banded mongooses emit "screeching calls" which lead group members to bunch up. With playbacks of these calls, we tested how the groups' response was affected by the following factors: 1) the location of the playback in relation to their territory (exclusive use vs. overlap); 2) the number of resident individuals; and 3) the origin of calls (neighbor vs. stranger) used. Subjects were more likely to approach the loudspeakers and arrive within 1 m of the speakers in the exclusive use zone than in the overlap zone. Moreover, larger groups tended to be more likely to move toward the loudspeakers and were also more likely to arrive there. The origin of calls used in the playbacks did not affect the groups' responses. These findings exemplify the importance of the combined effect of location and group size on group decisions during impending intergroup contest.
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Item Type: | Journal Article, refereed, original work |
Communities & Collections: | 07 Faculty of Science > Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
07 Faculty of Science > Anthropological Institute and Museum |
Dewey Decimal Classification: | 570 Life sciences; biology
590 Animals (Zoology) 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology |
Language: | English |
Date: | 2011 |
Deposited On: | 01 Mar 2012 10:25 |
Last Modified: | 30 Nov 2013 16:55 |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Additional Information: | This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Behavioral Ecology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Furrer, R D; Kyabulima , S; Willems, E P; Cant, M A; Manser, M B (2011). Location and group size influence decisions in simulated intergroup encounters in banded mongooses. Behavioral Ecology, 109(2):501-505. is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arr010. |
Publisher DOI: | 10.1093/beheco/arr010 |
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By JIMMY GOLEN
AP Sports Writer
BOSTON – Paul Pierce played more than 44 minutes in Orlando on Thursday night, then boarded a plane with his Celtics teammates and arrived in Boston after 3 a.m. Friday.
If he was tired, he didn't show it.
One night after helping Boston erase a 27-point deficit to beat the Magic, Pierce scored 17 of his 28 points in the third quarter as the Celtics pulled away from the Indiana Pacers to win 94-87.
"I like to come out in the third quarter and just be aggressive," said Pierce, who also had 10 rebounds and eight assists. "You can make your run. You can't really settle on the lead. I try to focus on extending the lead, being more aggressive and getting better as the game goes on."
Kevin Garnett and Mickael Pietrus added 13 points and eight rebounds apiece as the Celtics won their fourth straight game despite playing without starters Ray Allen, Rajon Rondo and Jermaine O'Neal.
Pierce was 4 of 7 from 3-point range, one of them to break a 46-46 tie early in the third quarter. He added two more baskets as the Celtics ran off 11 points in a row to take the lead for good and extend it to double digits.
"Hats off to Paul Pierce. He turned back the clock," Pacers coach Frank Vogel said. "Obviously, he's playing like one of the best players in the league again, carrying the load for them. They deserved to win tonight."
The Celtics had a home-and-home series with the Magic this week, beating them in Boston on Monday and then falling behind by 27 in the first half in Orlando on Thursday before holding them to eight fourth-quarter points in a 91-83 victory.
The Celtics flew back to Boston and arrived early Friday morning; most of the players went to sleep, but the coaches stayed up to prepare for the Pacers.
Meanwhile, Indiana was in Boston, resting.
"They were going to try to run us out of the gym," Rivers said. "This was a tough game against a good team that had a day off, waiting for us."
Danny Granger scored 21 points for Indiana, which had beaten Boston both previous meetings this season – both times by more than 10 points. Paul George scored 16 with nine rebounds and David West had 14 points and eight rebounds.
It was 46-all with 8:44 left in the third when Pierce hit his 3 to break the tie. In the next 2½ minutes, Pierce fed Avery Bradley for a layup and then, after Roy Hibbert was called for an offensive foul, Pierce hit a layup, Garnett made a jumper and then Pierce drove for another basket to make it an 11-point game.
"This was their night," Hibbert said. "Paul Pierce made some real tough shots. He's been leading this team since Ray and Rondo went out."
The Celtics were up 90-80 with 35 seconds left when Pietrus was called for a flagrant foul under the Pacers' basket and a technical for taunting. After three free throws, the Pacers got the ball trailing by only seven. But Garnett blocked Granger's attempt to drive for a layup, and the Celtics were able to make their free throws to run out the clock.
The Celtics opened the second half with a 42-34 lead, but the Pacers cut it in half on two quick layups by Granger and then tied it at 46 when he stole a bad pass from Pierce and brought it in for another.
Reserve Chris Wilcox had 14 points and six rebounds, and Brandon Bass had 12 points for Boston.
NOTES: Hibbert left the game in the second quarter with a right ankle sprain, but he returned in the third. He finished with 11 points and seven rebounds ... The Pacers had been 4-0 on Fridays ... Wilcox had 10 points and six rebounds at the half ... Garnett is the only Celtic to have played in every game ... The Celtics are 3-0 without Allen (left ankle) and 4-1 without Rondo (right wrist) ... The Pacers were 1 for 19 from 3-point range.


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Midday Interview - July 13, 2012
2:56 pm
Fri July 13, 2012
Master Class
By Gina Gambony
Gloria Crist stars as Maria Callas in Terrance McNally's award-winning play Master Class. Gloria will give 3 performances – Friday, July 20 at 7:30 (followed by a black-tie gala, tickets $75)…Saturday at 8 and Sunday at 3 (tickets $20). All performances are at the new Fine Arts Building of Cape Fear Academy, 3600 S. College Road. For more information or to buy tickets, go to thalian.org or call 910-251-1788.


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COLUMBIA— Police officers responded to an attempted armed robbery at 812 N. Keene St. at 12:07 p.m. Tuesday, according to a Clery release from the MU Police.
The investigation revealed that a female victim and her 9-year-old son were sitting inside their car when a male approached, holding a handgun. The man got into the vehicle and demanded the woman take him to an undisclosed location, the Clery release said.
The woman exited the vehicle and hit the panic alarm on her key remote. The male then exited the vehicle and fled southbound on foot. No one was injured. The suspect is still at large, and the investigation is ongoing.
Supervising editor is Emilie Stigliani.