text: Matt was an experienced NASA astronaut, and was charged with taking the shuttle Intrepid up to repair a satellite with the help of cadets Nick and AJ. However, the shuttle was destroyed by the Renegades' Thruster, and the trio were suspended by NASA, who didn't believe their story. However, the Guardians soon contacted them for help repairing Turbo. Matt was then drawn into the battle between the two groups, instantly striking up a rapport with Leader-1. He would regularly pilot the Guardian in battle. However, he was taken over by the Renegades' Pulsar Generator, but was freed by Turbo, Scooter and the cadets. He then helped stop the Renegades' invasion of the planet, and was obviously allowed to return to NASA. He stayed with the service when it was revamped as UNECOM, taking a key liaison role in their alliance with the Guardians. Matt would help discover the Last Engineer and returned to Earth when Gobotron fell to the Renegades, eventually helping pilot the Command Center during the Guardians' successful counterattack. As a result of his ties with the Guardians he would be involved in a wide number of escapades. He briefly turned out as a successful gladiator in Old Gobotron; he took the Tri-Amulet from Cy-Kill; he convinced the Guardians to listen to Doctor Braxis about the Nova Beam; he helped expose the Renegades' plans during the Vienna peace conference; he freed the captured Guardians on Elba (though he also got stranded there by way of thanks); swallowed down his pride to recruit Braxis again to combat Roguestar's stealth field, and destroyed the Renegades' Shield Generator when they used it to give crime-lord Murchison control of America. Matt was an excellent pilot in all kinds of craft, and could handle guns with ease. He was a bit macho, and could leap to conclusions from time to time. However, Matt usually took the job of taking out any human enemies without a big robot having to bully the poor things. He initially enjoyed a mutual attraction to Soviet scientist Anya Turgenova, but there are no real signs of this continuing after they both transferred to UNECOM. Things were less mutual with Lois Ransome, who spent most of their trip to Atlantis grappling at him. Matt got on well with Nick and AJ, generally treating the pair as equals. |


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It is excellent advise, thank you. I do want him to go to obedience classes but...we currently live in the capital of Galicia in Spain and there's none of that around here that I know of and anyway, we're an English speaking household because my bf is English so I don't want him learning commands and stuff in Spanish. We'll be moving to England Feb 2013 and Rocky we'll be 5 months old, is that too old for him to start obedience classes? I hope it won't be too late by then. Sent from my iPhone using Petguide.com Free App |
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Because Tayla has had some issues as a puppy she will be over a year when we start basic manners class. She does know all her basic commands already. It's never too late for obedience. Sent from my iPhone using Petguide.com Free App |
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When Vinnie was 10 weeks old up to about 5 months old, I thought he was trying to kill me He snapped out of it at about 5 1/2 months. At 7 months he's very sweet and just a little bit bitey. Sent from my iPhone using Petguide.com Free App |
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In terms of classes you want to do two different types of classes: -Socialization classes: this is for puppies to just learn to interact with other puppies, a mature and gentle adult, different types of people and different types of objects. It should be started before the puppy is 12 weeks. These are generally called puppy classes or puppy socialization classes. Often there is no formal obedience training involved so it's fine to do these in Spanish (plus, you can always teach an English equivalent to the Spanish terms, that's not a problem for a dog). You may have more difficulty find these types of classes in Spain but they do offer them in the bigger cities. If you cannot find one it's imperative that you find opportunties to socialize that way outside of a class environment, ALWAYS safely and ALWAYS positively. You can get a socialization checklist online at Puppy Socialization Checklist -Obedience classes: learning commands and being able to follow commands with distraction. You can do this at home but classes are good for distractions. I would look for classes that teach using force-free methods (this is actually much easier in the UK than in North America and probably in Spain).
__________________ Jacqueline "I have just met you and I love you" - Dug (Up!) |
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subset: commoncrawl


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Monday, June 1, 2009
Lucky 13.
It was a good day today. Trip to the bookstore, a new library card, some painting supplies from the craft store, a haircut and color, fudgesicles with Grandma, an impromptu playdate for the boy. Later, a family dinner of pizza followed by strawberry wedding cake. The latter in honor of our anniversary, number 13. Funny, they've all felt pretty lucky.
1 comment:
Happy Anniversary!!
June 2, 2009 at 7:36 PM
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Legislative Update: House Committee Approves Legislation on Veterans Outreach Program
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Legislative Update: House Committee Approves Legislation on Veterans Outreach Program
July 2010
On July 1, 2010, the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure unanimously approved legislation (H.R. 5226) authorizing the secretary of veterans affairs and ARC to jointly carry out a program of outreach to veterans who reside in the Appalachian Region. The legislation is intended to increase Appalachian veterans' awareness and use of federal, state, and local programs providing compensation and benefits for veterans. The measure does not contain a specified level of funding. Similar legislation has been introduced in the Senate, but no action has yet been taken.


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Nigerian Police Arraign Terrorist Suspects
Following the passing of the anti-terrorism bill by the Senate, and the renewed determination to tackle the menace of terrorism, the Police have arraigned seven terror suspects before the Federal High Court in Abuja.
Terror suspects arraigned by police
The Nigerian Senate has unanimously approved the death penalty for any person engaged in, or sponsoring acts of terrorism in the country. Read more »


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Sin Cara injured on Raw
Aug 20, 2013 - by Steve Gerweck
According to PWInsider, Sin Cara broke his fingers in his right hand on Raw Monday Night. It all went down when he went to dive to the outside of the ring onto Alberto Del Rio. Cara connected with the dive and immediately upon landing, called for the referee as several of his fingers were obviously out of place.


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Solve Crimes And Help Save Lives!
Watch the entire interview with EMS Entertainment CEO, Christoph Rahofer on Channel 13 – The Morning Blend today for our CSI:The Experience @MGM Grand 5 year anniversary! A crime scene is probably not the first place you want to be when in Las Vegas, but here you're the detective with CSI: The Experience! Just like in the hit television series, experience the pressure of collecting evidence! To celebrate it's 5th anniversary every full ticket sold through October, a portion will be donated to SAFE House non-profit organization. Tune in for more Details!
CSI: The Experience Celebrates Five Years of Transforming Visitors into Investigators
This October, CSI: The Experience, the unique attraction at MGM Grand based on the hit CBS show, will celebrate its five-year anniversary as a top destination for Las Vegas locals, tourists and fans of CSI alike. As October also is Domestic Violence Awareness Month, $3 from every full-priced ticket sold during the month will benefit S.A.F.E. House, which is committed to stopping violence and abuse in the family environment by providing safe shelter, support, advocacy, counseling and education. Read more
Star Trek™: The Exhibition – The Final Frontier
EMS Entertainment presents Star Trek™: The Exhibition – The Final Frontier (edutainment – recreation – experience) in Jakarta. Featuring The Largest Collection of Authentic Star Trek Sets, Props and Costumes the exhibit opens May 31, 2014.


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Driver licensing agency contact information |
Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services 445 Minnesota Street St. Paul, MN 55101 www.dps.state.mn.us/dvs |
651 296-6911 |
Visual acuity Visual fields Color vision requirement Restricted licenses |
Each eye with/without correction Both eyes with/without correction If one eye blindother with/without correction Absolute visual acuity minimum Are bioptic telescopes allowed? Minimum field requirement None Restrictions include: daytime driving only, area restrictions, speed restrictions, and no freeway driving. |
20/40 20/40 20/40 20/70 in better eye with speed limitations; 20/80 referred to a driver evaluation unit; 20/100 denied license. No 105˚ |
Standard Age-based renewal procedures |
Length of license validation Renewal options and conditions Vision testing required at time of renewal? Written test required? Road test required? None |
4 years In-person Yes Only if license has been expired for more than 1 year Only if license has been expired for more than 5 years |
Physician/medical reporting Immunity Legal protection DMV follow-up Other reporting Anonymity |
Physician reporting is encouraged. Physicians may contact the Medical Unit in writing; no specific form is required. Yes Not addressed in driver licensing laws. Driver is notified in writing of referral. License is suspended upon referral and further examination is conducted. Will accept information from courts, other DMVs, police, family members, or other sources. Reporting cannot be done anonymously. However, the identity of the reporter will be held confidential unless the court subpoenas records. |
Role of the MAB MAB contact information |
The MAB advises the Department of Public Safety on medical issues regarding individual drivers. Actions are based on the recommendation of the majority. The MAB can be contacted through the Medical Unit at: Minnesota Department of Public Safety Medical Unit 445 Minnesota Street, Suite 170 St. Paul, MN 55101-5170 651 296-2021 |


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Cable Garden Fest
June 13, 2015
CableTime to get your summer gardens ready! Big Brook Greenhouse comes together to bring local landscapers, artists, musicians and many others together to celebrate the growing season. The event will feature garden variety activities & workshops, numerous vendor booths, our public garden and flower shop, delicious food, and more. Get your gardening tips and pick up supplies.
Event Date Detail
Jun 13, 2015
Fair/Festival Type
- Arts & Crafts
- Other


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NYS Heavy Metals Registry, 2006-2010
- This report, New York State Heavy Metals Registry, 2006 through 2010, is available in Portable Document Format (PDF, 640KB).
The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Heavy Metals Registry (HMR) is a tool for the surveillance of adult exposures to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. These metals are widely used in industry, and all have the potential to cause illness due to either acute or chronic exposure. While heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years and the adverse health effects associated with exposure to them are well known, exposure to these metals continues. Examination of the Registry data can identify exposures in both communities and workplaces, thus allowing for early initiation of measures to help prevent exposures and potential illness.
Metal | Sample | Reportable At or Above |
Lead | Blood | All levels |
Cadmium | Blood | 10 nanograms per milliliter |
Urine | 5 micrograms per liter | |
Mercury | Blood | 5 nanograms per milliliter |
Urine | 20 nanograms per milliliter | |
Arsenic | Urine | 50 micrograms per liter |
The NYSDOH established the HMR in 1980 under Sections 22.6 and 22.7 of the State Sanitary Code (10 NYCRR Part 22, see Appendix A), and reporting to the Registry began in 1982. All clinical laboratories, physicians and health care facilities, both in-state and out of NYS must report the test results of all NYS residents to the NYSDOH. For mercury, cadmium and arsenic, only those tests above specified limits (Table 1) are required to be submitted to NYSDOH. From 1982 to 1986, blood lead levels of 40 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL) or higher were reportable. In 1986, the reportable blood lead level was lowered to 25 µg/dL or higher. Then in 1992, as part of a major childhood lead poisoning initiative, a regulatory change required the reporting of all blood lead results for all age groups, regardless of level (10 NYCRR Part 67, see Appendix A). This reporting has helped track adult blood lead levels over time by verifying trends in both individuals and companies and has allowed NYSDOH to proactively identify adults potentially at risk before their blood lead levels increase further.
Clinical laboratories, physicians and health care facilities report heavy metal test results to the NYSDOH. Once information is received on a person with an elevated level, NYSDOH contacts the person and/or their physician and interviews them to determine the possible sources of exposure, provide advice on appropriate measures to limit future exposures to the individual and his or her family, and answer any questions the individual may have. Additional information about how the HMR operates is provided in Appendix B.
This report presents data for tests conducted from 2006 through 2010, and covers the four metals included in the HMR – arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. The number of adults reported since the inception of the Registry is presented for each metal. This report is intended as a resource for programs providing preventive health care and for public health officials concerned with reducing overall morbidity from heavy metals poisonings. Because of the change in the reporting requirement for lead in 1992 and because testing for lead exposure among adults is much more common, lead tests account for approximately 75 percent of the tests added to the HMR each year. Therefore, the majority of this report focuses on the lead reports.
Arsenic is a naturally occurring chemical element. In the environment, it combines with oxygen, chlorine and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are used in a number of industrial processes such as in the making of electronics. Fish and shellfish accumulate arsenic, most of which is in a relative non-toxic organic form.1
Exposure to high levels of inorganic arsenic can cause death; exposure to lower levels can result in nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, darkening of the skin and the appearance of small "warts" on the palms, soles and torso. Inorganic arsenic is also a known carcinogen.2
From 1982 through 1999, the number of adults reported to the Registry for arsenic each year was, with a few exceptions, below 50. In 2000, 109 adults were reported. Since then, the number of adults reported continued to vary but remained above 100 and increased to a high of 229 adults in 2010 (Figure 1). This rise is most likely because of an increase in the number of people tested due to greater public awareness that exposure to heavy metals is possible through seafood consumption.
During the years 2006-2010, slightly over 60 percent of the adults reported to the HMR were male, and almost 65 percent were 50 years of age or older (Table 2). For over 80 percent of the adults reported, the source was non-occupational in origin; however, the source could not be identified for another 19 percent. Of the unknown exposures, 89 percent were not interviewed so detailed exposure information could not be obtained. In general, non-occupational sources of arsenic exposure are attributed to eating seafood; over 99.5 percent of the known sources of non-occupational exposure were due to eating seafood, with a few adults that were exposed to arsenic through use of folk medicine and dietary supplements. Because most laboratories do not routinely distinguish between organic and inorganic forms of arsenic when they test, NYSDOH advises people with elevated arsenic results to avoid seafood consumption for two days prior to testing and have another test. This can help to indicate if seafood was the source of the initial arsenic level. In March of 2009, NYSDOH issued advice to healthcare providers asking them to advise their patients to abstain from seafood consumption for at least 48 hours prior to obtaining a urine sample for arsenic testing. As of October 2010, there had not been a reduction in the number of individuals with reportable arsenic levels, indicating that further outreach to healthcare providers may be necessary. There were approximately 1.15 tests reported for each adult, indicating that people with reportable levels are either not being routinely retested, or if they are being retested, their arsenic levels are falling below the reporting level of 50 µg/dL. NYSDOH does not advise routine testing of individuals for arsenic in the absence of identifiable risk factors.
Number of Adults | N | % |
1,011 | ||
Sex | ||
Male | 618 | 61.1 |
Female | 393 | 38.9 |
Age | ||
<29 years | 62 | 6.1 |
30-49 years | 296 | 29.3 |
>50 years | 653 | 64.6 |
Exposure | ||
Occupational | 3 | 0.3 |
Non-occupational | 813 | 80.4 |
Both | 2 | 0.2 |
Unknown | 193 | 19.1 |
Geographic Area | ||
NYS w/o NYC | 647 | 64.0 |
Not in NYS | 21 | 2.1 |
Total Number of Tests* | 1,163 | |
* The number of tests adds up to more than the number of adults because adults can have multiple arsenic tests. |
Cadmium occurs naturally in soil and rocks. Because it does not corrode easily, it has many uses including batteries, pigments, metal coatings and plastics.3 Exposure to cadmium can damage the kidneys, lungs and bones.4 Cadmium levels of 10 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) in blood and 5 µg/L in urine are reportable to NYSDOH. The number of adults with reportable levels for cadmium has varied considerably since the Registry began (Figure 2). However, there have always been fewer than 30 adults reported to the HMR each year. NYSDOH does not advise routine testing for cadmium in the absence of identifiable risk factors.
Between 2006 and 2010, there were 24 adults with elevated cadmium levels reported to the HMR (Table 3). Two-thirds of those reported were male, and almost 80 percent resided outside of New York City (NYC). Seven individuals had known occupational exposures; all of those worked in secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals. Three people were exposed to cadmium non-occupationally through their hobbies. All three were artists who worked with cadmium paints, pigments and/or inks in their art work. The exposure source could not be identified for fourteen individuals, however of the unknown exposures, 50 percent were not interviewed so detailed exposure information could not be obtained.
Number of Adults | N | % |
24 | ||
Sex | ||
Male | 15 | 62.5 |
Female | 9 | 37.5 |
Age | ||
<29 years | 1 | 4.2 |
30-49 years | 10 | 41.7 |
>50 years | 13 | 54.2 |
Exposure | ||
Occupational | 7 | 29.2 |
Non-occupational | 3 | 12.5 |
Both | 0 | 0 |
Unknown | 14 | 58.3 |
Geographic Area | ||
NYS w/o NYC | 19 | 79.2 |
Total Number of Tests* | 45 | |
* The number of tests adds up to more than the number of adults because adults can have multiple cadmium tests. |
Lead, a naturally occurring element, is found in all parts of our environment. Lead from deteriorating lead-based paints, ceramic products, caulking, leaded gasoline and pipe solder are primarily responsible for exposures in children. Workers can be exposed to lead by creating dust or fumes during every day work activities with products that include lead, such as paint, ammunition, solder, and leaded cables. Other non-occupational exposures can include contaminated spices and dietary supplements. Exposure to lead can affect the brain and other parts of the nervous system, reproductive system, kidneys, digestive system, and the body's ability to make blood.5
The results of all blood lead tests, regardless of level, performed on individuals residing or employed in NYS are reported to the HMR. Adults with blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL are reported to the NYSDOH, but because of the magnitude of these reports (150,000-200,000 are received annually), they are not case matched. Therefore, only information reported by the laboratory (name, address, date of birth, ethnicity, and blood lead level) is available on adults with blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL.6 Only adult (16 years and older) blood lead tests with results at or above 10 µg/dL are added to the HMR. Between 2006 and 2010, 7,918 individuals residing or employed in NYS were reported to the HMR. There has been a steady decrease in the number of elevated blood lead levels reported to the HMR since the mid-1990's (Figure 3), until 2010 when a slight increase was observed. Meanwhile, there has been an increase in the number of individuals with blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL (Figure 4). Assuming one test per individual for those tests that are less than 10 µg/dL indicates that approximately 98 percent of all adults tested in 2006 had blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL. In 2010, this increased to over 99 percent of all adults tested. Females represented over 76 percent of those adults with blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL (data not shown). Although NYS does not require testing all pregnant women for blood lead, NYSDOH regulations state that a health care provider should test pregnant women at high risk,7 and the state has established guidelines for health care practitioners to assist in determining a woman's risk of lead poisoning on her initial prenatal visit.8 The high number of females with low blood lead levels could be a result of an increase in women receiving pre-natal blood lead tests.
There were three distinct phases for the reporting of blood lead test results to the HMR, associated with changes in reporting requirements. From the start of the HMR in 1982 to 1986, only test results greater than or equal to 40 µg/dL (, Figure 3) were required to be reported. From 1987 to 1993, test results of 25 µg/dL and greater (, Figure 3) were reportable. In 1992, a NYSDOH regulation required the reporting of all blood lead results for all ages, regardless of level. This requirement became effective in 1994 (10 NYCRR Part 67, see Appendix A). Since that time (1994) all adult blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 µg/dL have been reported to the HMR (, Figure 3). As mentioned previously, because of the large number of reports of blood lead levels less than 10 µg/dL, they are not case matched and are not included in the HMR. Another factor that may have contributed to the increase in reporting to the HMR shown in Figure 3 is an increase in testing following enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Lead in Construction Standard in 1993 (29 CFR 1926.62).9 This standard requires blood lead testing for construction workers with lead exposure. While these changes increased the number of reports of blood lead levels to the HMR, the number of adults with blood lead levels of 10 µg/dL or greater has steadily decreased since 1996, following the national trends of decreasing blood lead levels in adults and children (Figure 3).
In general, tested adults with blood lead levels 10 µg/dL and greater reported to the HMR were primarily males 39 to 49 years of age, and more than half resided in NYS outside of NYC (Table 4). Although approximately 80 percent of those reported are male, gender distribution varies by blood lead level (Table 5). Twenty-two percent of those with blood lead levels between 10 and 25 µg/dL and 27 percent of those with the highest blood lead levels (60 µg/dL and greater) are female. The highest blood lead levels among females were all associated with non-occupational exposures (data not shown). For both genders, as the blood lead levels increase, a higher percent of the exposures were associated with non-occupational sources such as residential remodeling, use of folk medicine/dietary supplements and pica. Almost 60 percent of the tested adults with unknown exposures were not interviewed, so detailed exposure information could not be obtained.
Changes in the number of people reported to the HMR from 2006 through 2010 are similar for NYC and the rest of the state (Figure 5). The change in blood lead levels from 2006 through 2010 is similar for those in NYC and those in the rest of the state (Figure 5).
Number of Adults | N | % |
7,918 | ||
Sex | ||
Male | 6,315 | 79.8 |
Female | 1,603 | 20.2 |
Age | ||
<29 years | 2,014 | 25.4 |
30-49 years | 4,001 | 50.5 |
>50 years | 1,899 | 24.0 |
Unknown | 4 | 0.1 |
Exposure | ||
Occupational | 2,955 | 37.3 |
Non-Occupational | 894 | 11.3 |
Both | 100 | 1.3 |
Unknown | 3,969 | 50.1 |
Geographic Area | ||
NYS w/o NYC | 4,126 | 52.1 |
Out of state | 712 | 9.0 |
Unknown | 92 | 1.2 |
Total Number of Tests* | 35,207 | |
* The number of tests adds up to more than the number of adults because adults can have multiple lead tests. |
Tested Adults | Peak Blood Lead Levels (µg/dL) | Total | ||||||||||
10-24 | 25-39 | 40-59 | 60+ | |||||||||
6,496 | 1,155 | 234 | 33 | 7,918 | ||||||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 5,076 | 78.1 | 1,018 | 88.1 | 197 | 84.2 | 24 | 72.7 | 6,315 | 79.8 | ||
Female | 1,420 | 21.9 | 137 | 11.9 | 37 | 15.8 | 9 | 27.3 | 1,603 | 20.2 | ||
Age | ||||||||||||
<29 years | 1,692 | 26.1 | 264 | 22.9 | 48 | 20.5 | 10 | 30.3 | 2,014 | 25.4 | ||
30-49 years | 3,240 | 49.9 | 633 | 54.8 | 111 | 47.4 | 17 | 51.5 | 4,001 | 50.5 | ||
>50 years | 1,560 | 24.0 | 258 | 22.3 | 75 | 32.1 | 6 | 18.2 | 1,899 | 24.0 | ||
Unknown | 4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.1 | ||
Exposure | ||||||||||||
Occupational | 1,997 | 30.7 | 804 | 69.6 | 140 | 59.8 | 14 | 42.4 | 2,955 | 37.3 | ||
Non-Occupational | 557 | 8.6 | 249 | 21.6 | 71 | 30.3 | 17 | 51.5 | 894 | 11.3 | ||
Both | 51 | 0.8 | 37 | 3.2 | 10 | 4.3 | 2 | 6.1 | 100 | 1.3 | ||
Unknown | 3,891 | 59.9 | 65 | 5.6 | 13 | 5.6 | 0 | 0 | 3,969 | 50.1 | ||
Geographic Area | ||||||||||||
NYS w/o NYC | 3,379 | 52.0 | 605 | 52.4 | 124 | 53.0 | 18 | 54.6 | 4,126 | 52.1 | ||
Out of NY | 559 | 8.6 | 137 | 11.9 | 15 | 6.4 | 1 | 3.0 | 712 | 9.0 | ||
Unknown | 81 | 1.3 | 9 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 1.2 | ||
* Note: Due to rounding, some percentage columns may not sum to 100. |
The county of residence for individuals reported with blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 ug/dL is displayed in Figure 6. While this figure shows where people who get tested and also are exposed to lead through their occupations or other activities live, there is no obvious pattern in the geographic distribution of the people tested. There are a number of individuals who are exposed to lead due to work in NYS, but reside elsewhere (Table 5).
Figure 6. Distribution of Tested Adults Reported with Peak Blood Lead Levels ≥10 ug/dL, by County of Residence, 2006-2010
As used in this report, the term occupational includes exposures that are classified as occupational exposures only, or both occupational and non-occupational. The primary sources of lead for occupationally exposed individuals with elevated blood lead levels (greater than or equal to 10 µg/dL) are displayed in Table 6. Individuals included in the "other" category had occupational exposures that were not included in any of the categories described in Table 6. These people were primarily machine operators, assemblers and non-construction laborers working in the manufacture of primary metals, and electronics and electrical equipment workers.
Exposure Source | Blood Lead Levels (µg/dL) | ||||
10-24 | 25-39 | 40-59 | >60 | Total | |
Bridge Work | 485 | 369 | 64 | 5 | 923 |
Cables/Wires Work | 51 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 88 |
Foundry/Smelting | 40 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 61 |
Iron/Steel Structures | 111 | 47 | 13 | 1 | 172 |
Lead Abatement | 68 | 21 | 7 | 1 | 97 |
Lead Glass/Powder | 29 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
Metal Recycling | 26 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 43 |
Radiator Repair | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Residential Remodeling | 58 | 41 | 23 | 2 | 124 |
Stained Glass | 23 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 41 |
Target Shooting | 48 | 23 | 7 | 2 | 80 |
Other | 1,086 | 226 | 25 | 5 | 1,342 |
Unknown | 14 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 20 |
Total | 2,046 | 841 | 152 | 16 | 3,055 |
The primary sources of non-occupational exposure among individuals with blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 µg/dL are displayed in Table 7. Individuals with non-occupational exposures are primarily exposed through the use of folk medicines/dietary supplements, during target shooting and during residential remodeling. Lead has been found in some traditional folk medicines used by South Asian, Middle Eastern and Hispanic cultures. In some cultures, people believe that lead can be useful in treating ailments such as arthritis, infertility, and upset stomach.10 These exposures primarily occur in the NYC area, and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene has developed many outreach materials to address these exposures.11 Exposure to lead is also a concern during the renovation/remodeling of any home built before 1978, after which lead was banned from household paint. NYSDOH has developed outreach materials and staff routinely assists homeowners in assessing and reducing their potential for exposure. People can also be exposed to lead from target shooting since most ammunition contains lead in either the bullet or the primer. Details about an industrial hygiene evaluation of two shooting ranges, are presented elsewhere in this report. The highest non-occupational blood lead levels (over 60 µg/dL) occur among those using folk medicines/dietary supplements and those with retained bullet fragments. Retained bullet fragments in a person can leach lead over time, especially if a bullet is located near or in a skeletal joint.12
Exposure Source | Blood Lead Levels (µg/dL) | ||||
10-24 | 25-39 | 40-59 | >60 | Total | |
Incidental Ingestion, Pica | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
Cookware | 13 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 17 |
Household Environment/Home Product2 | 48 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 57 |
Casting of Bullets, Fishing Sinkers | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 11 |
Folk Remedies | 232 | 68 | 22 | 4 | 326 |
Hobby, Jewelry, Crafts | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
Retained Bullet Fragments3 | 16 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 36 |
Residential Remodeling | 63 | 43 | 7 | 1 | 114 |
Target Shooting | 84 | 83 | 27 | 0 | 194 |
Unknown | 66 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 82 |
Total | 557 | 249 | 71 | 17 | 894 |
Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance
NYS participates in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance program, Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES), which is a state-based surveillance program of laboratory-reported adult blood lead levels. For the ABLES program, adults are defined as persons 16 years or older. The objective of the ABLES program is to build state capacity to improve adult blood lead surveillance programs and to measure trends in adult blood lead levels. NYSDOH submits lead data from the HMR to the ABLES program twice a year. Nationally, 41 states participate in ABLES. OSHA has used national program data to identify industries where elevated blood lead levels indicate a need for national focus. Over the past 17 years, a 50 percent decrease in the national prevalence rates of blood lead levels 25 µg/dL or greater has been documented using ABLES data. NYSDOH has used ABLES data to identify trends and identify areas for targeted interventions. NIOSH has notified NYSDOH that due to federal budget cuts, funding for the ABLES programs in all states ceased effective August 31, 2013.
Disparities in Lead Exposure
As shown in Figure 7, there has generally been a steady decline in the incidence rate of elevated adult blood lead levels (25 µg/dL or greater) among various groups of New Yorkers during the time period 2000-2010. However, Hispanics still have almost double the rate of elevated blood lead levels compared to other groups.
Hispanic females made up almost 40 percent of all females reported to the HMR with blood lead levels 25 µg/dL or greater between 2000 and 2010 with a known ethnicity. More than 75 percent of these Hispanic women had non-occupational exposure due to folk remedy use, and approximately 80 percent resided in NYC. Most of the Hispanic men reported to the HMR, 70 percent of whom reside in the NYC area, were exposed to lead through their jobs as house painters. The data show the continuing need for educational outreach to Hispanic women and men.
Mercury occurs naturally in the environment in several forms. One common form is metallic mercury (also called elemental mercury). Metallic mercury is a silvery, odorless liquid that can evaporate at room temperature, becoming a vapor. Mercury can also combine with other chemicals to form inorganic or organic mercury compounds. Inorganic mercury is mercury combined with other chemical elements such as chlorine, sulfur or oxygen. Organic mercury is mercury combined with carbon-based compounds. One common form of organic mercury is methylmercury, which is produced by microorganisms in water and soil, and accumulates in fish. Exposure to high levels of mercury can damage the nervous system and cause irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing and memory problems. Mercury can also harm the kidneys and developing fetus.13 People are exposed to metallic mercury when they inhale the vapors. People can be exposed to inorganic and organic mercury when they eat foods or other products contaminated with mercury.
Urine and blood testing are the accepted methods to assess mercury exposure for medical purposes. The type of test performed depends upon the form of mercury to which a person may have been exposed. An elevated urine test for mercury indicates an elemental or inorganic source of mercury exposure. An elevated blood test for mercury indicates a recent exposure to a high concentration of mercury vapor or exposure to an organic mercury source (for example, methylmercury from a recent fish meal). Levels of mercury that are reportable to the NYSDOH are 5 ng/mL in blood and 20 ng/mL in urine.
The number of adults reported to the HMR began to sharply increase in 2000, peaking at 4,579 adults reported in 2008 (Figure 8). The number of reported adults previously peaked at over 600 in 1986. The number then declined until 1994, remaining steady at less than 100 adults until 1998 when the number of adults with reportable mercury tests began to increase. NYSDOH analyses of interview records found that approximately 99 percent of adults reported to the HMR with identifiable exposures during 2001-2008 had non-occupational exposures resulting from seafood consumption. Common types of fish consumed include salmon, tuna and swordfish, with 90 percent of adults eating seafood multiple times per week. There was a statistically significantly higher mean blood mercury level among those who ate fish daily compared to those who ate fish less frequently. Data from this study were presented at the 2008 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) meeting and published in the Journal of Community Health in June 2013.14 This information was also shared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to assist with their outreach efforts.
Between 2006 and 2010, 17,421 adults were tested for mercury. Because some people were tested more than once, there were a total of 20,628 tests during this time period (Table 8). These were almost equally divided between males (49.5%) and females (50.5%), and slightly more than half were 50 years of age and older. Almost 60 percent of those tested were residents of NYC.
Number of Adults | N | % |
17,421 | ||
Sex | ||
Male | 8,630 | 49.5 |
Female | 8,791 | 50.5 |
Age | ||
<29 years | 1,463 | 8.4 |
30-49 years | 6,706 | 38.5 |
>50 years | 9,252 | 53.1 |
Exposure | ||
Occupational | 24 | 0.1 |
Non-Occupational | 3,597 | 20.7 |
Both | 8 | 0.1 |
Unknown | 13,792 | 79.1 |
Geographic Area | ||
NYS w/o NYC | 6,640 | 38.1 |
Out of State/Unknown | 537 | 3.1 |
Total Number of Tests* | 20,628 | |
* The number of tests adds up to more than the number of adults because many adults have multiple mercury tests. |
Research and Intervention Activities
NYSDOH continually reviews and evaluates data from this Registry and uses this information to design and implement prevention efforts. For example, data from the HMR have proven to be an important tool in research to identify situations in which adult lead exposure is occurring and the consequences of the exposures. Some examples of these research and intervention activities are listed below.
Identifying Causes of Elevated Blood Lead Levels
- An analysis of the HMR lead data showed that although there has been an overall increase in the number of tests conducted, the majority of the increase is among those with the lowest blood lead levels. There has been a decline in the number of adults with blood lead levels 25 µg/dL or greater. The analysis also found that many of the markedly elevated blood lead levels (≥60 µg/dL) are due to non-occupational exposures, including exposure from target shooting and residential remodeling. These findings were published in Public Health Reports.15
- Another research study found that 14 percent of children with elevated blood lead levels in NYS lived in homes in which renovation, repair and painting activities had occurred.16 Resident owners or tenants performed 66 percent of the renovation, repair and painting work themselves, exposing themselves and their children to lead through these activities.
- Further analyses on lead exposure among target shooters, published in the Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health17, found that hobby target shooters are at significant risk of having elevated blood lead levels. Target shooters were reported more frequently with blood lead levels ≥40 µg/dL than individuals with occupational exposures to lead.
Actions to Help Reduce Blood Lead Levels
- To help reduce exposure to lead from residential remodeling activities, NYSDOH provided lead exposure training programs to 1,257 municipal code enforcement officers statewide regarding lead exposure. Results of a post-training survey showed that over 75 percent of the survey respondents indicated that the training improved their knowledge of lead and ability to identify hazards; 60 percent of the respondents indicated that the training course changed the way they addressed lead during a housing inspection. NYSDOH also provided similar training for hardware store employees, and further disseminated the information through articles published in The Journal of Light Construction18 and Rental Housing.19
- NYSDOH identified a need for information about worker protection from lead exposure to a Portuguese speaking population. Therefore, the NYSDOH brochure "Lead on the Job: A Guide for Workers" was translated into Portuguese. This brochure is also available in Spanish, Greek and Polish.
- NYSDOH launched the Aim at Lead Safety outreach campaign to provide education in the form of fact sheets, posters and brochures to shooting ranges throughout NYS about methods to limit exposure to lead (see http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/lead/target_shooting/).
Investigating Women with Low Blood Lead Levels
- Research that was focused on women with low blood lead levels, examined why they were tested, whether there were identifiable sources of exposure and, for women who were pregnant, possible associations with decreased fetal growth.20,21 Women with low blood lead levels were tested primarily because they were pregnant, although few had a potential source of lead exposure. Low blood lead levels were associated with a small risk of decreased birth weight but were not related to preterm birth or having babies that were small for gestational age.
Special Highlight: Lead Exposure in Recreational and Occupational Shooters
Lead is commonly used in the manufacture of bullets. People who shoot at firing ranges, either because of their employment or for recreation, have been reported to the HMR since its inception. The number of shooters annually reported to the HMR has increased modestly during the past 10 years. This increase may be due to: a) an increase in the number of shooters, b) an increase in shooters who receive blood lead tests, c) an increase in exposure levels, or d) a combination of these and/or other factors. Anecdotal information suggests that most shooters do not have blood lead tests. Most indoor shooting ranges have ventilation systems which, if properly operating, can help to reduce the amount of airborne lead to which shooters are exposed. Many shooters and range owners believe that the ventilation systems protect them from lead exposure and that additional precautions are unnecessary. However, blood lead testing is recommended for all shooters who use leaded bullets, especially if they use an indoor range.
Findings of Industrial Hygiene Evaluations and Interviews
During 2009, NYSDOH performed industrial hygiene evaluations at two law enforcement indoor shooting ranges to compare personal lead exposures to shooters using leaded and non-lead primer ammunition during normal training activities. In most ammunition, the primer contains an initial explosive, which ignites the powder in the bullet casing to propel the bullet from the gun. The explosive material in the primer may contain lead compounds or non-lead compounds. In these evaluations, NYSDOH collected air and surface dust samples for lead during each visit. For shooters using non-lead primer ammunition, the mean personal breathing zone exposure level was 3.5-times higher than the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) (50 micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air (µg/m3) of air) and nearly 4-times higher than the exposure level for shooters using leaded primer ammunition. The higher personal breathing zone exposures for shooters using non-lead ammunition were associated with poor housekeeping practices and substantially higher surface lead contamination in that shooting range. Findings of this evaluation highlighted the relative contribution of surface lead contamination to airborne exposure during routine activities in indoor shooting ranges. Using non-lead primer ammunition did not provide the expected benefits in this range due to the ineffective housekeeping programs. The findings and recommendations from this study were highlighted in a report by the National Research Council22 as well as published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene in March 2012.23
Workers, shooters and family members have also been identified through HMR interviews as being lead poisoned by "take-home" lead. Lead dust can settle on clothes, skin and hair and be picked up on shoes in the range. This "take-home" lead dust has been found to be carried to cars and homes where it can then harm family members as well. Other activities that have been found to contribute to lead poisoning include casting bullets, reloading ammunition or cleaning (tumbling) shell casings at home or on their properties.
These evaluations suggest that a broad spectrum of efforts is needed to better protect range instructors, workers who clean shooting ranges, and shooters. Some recommendations that DOH has developed include:
- Range management should provide an effective housekeeping program that includes frequent cleaning of walls, floors, ceilings, traps, and ventilation. Wet cleaning or other effective dust suppression methods should be used to clean the range and ancillary areas and surfaces. Ranges should never be dry swept. One police range abandoned its practice of dry sweeping the floor after the industrial hygiene visit and evaluation.
- Range management should increase the availability and use of ammunition with a lower potential for toxicity (e.g., lead-free primers, jacketed bullets). Shooters should also be encouraged to use this type of ammunition.
- Range management should implement a blood lead testing program, including blood lead level monitoring by a physician on a regular basis, to help prevent short-and-long term health effects. Range instructors, cleaning staff and people who shoot on a regular basis should participate in the program.
- Range management should provide personal protective equipment to range instructors and cleaning workers. This equipment may include NIOSH approved respirators as well as work clothing, shoes and head coverings. Employees should be advised to shower and change clothes/shoes before leaving the range. Work clothing should be disposable or laundered separately to prevent contamination and "take-home" lead. This recommendation applies to shooters as well. They should keep range clothing, footwear, and hats separate from street clothing and wash range clothing separate from family clothing and household items.
These findings, as well as other studies, demonstrate that lead protection in shooting requires a combination of steps including lead hazard awareness, meticulous housekeeping within the range, and good personal hygiene. The efforts of NYSDOH have helped to make range management and shooters aware of the lead hazards when shooting, identified range staff and shooters with elevated blood lead levels, and provided range management and shooters with effective guidance to reduce lead exposure.
- 1 New York State Department of Health Heavy Metals Surveillance. Arsenic. Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/heavy_metals_registry/arsenic.htm. Accessed May 2011.
- 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007. Toxicological Profile for Arsenic (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
- 3 New York State Department of Health Heavy Metals Surveillance. Cadmium. Available at:http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/workplace/heavy_metals_registry/cadmium.htm. Accessed May 2011.
- 4 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2008. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium (Draft for Public Comment). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
- 5 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Toxicological Profile for Lead (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
- 6 Zhu M. Maternal Exposure to Lead and Fetal Growth and Hypertension in Pregnancy. Ph.D. Dissertation, State University of New York, Albany, 2009.
- 7 New York State Regulations for Lead Poisoning Prevention and Control- NYCRR Title 10, Part 67-1.5. Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/regulations/nycrr/title_10/part_67/#sec67-1-5. Accessed May 2011.
- 8 New York State Department of Health, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, District II. Lead poisoning prevention guidelines for prenatal care providers. Albany (NY): New York State Department of Health; June 2009. Available at: http://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2535.pdf. Accessed May 2011.
- 9 United States Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Regulations for Construction (Standards – 29 CFR 1926.62). https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10641. Updated March 2012. Accessed September 2013.
- 10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Environmental Health. Folk Medicine. http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/tips/folkmedicine.htm . Updated June 2009. Accessed November 2012.
- 11 New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Remedies or Herbal Medicines Containing Lead. Available at: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/lead/lead-herbalmed-in.shtml#q1 Accessed October 2012.
- 12 Rehman MA, Umer M, Sepah YJ, Wajid MA. Bullet-induced synovitis as a cause of secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint: A case report and review of literature. Journal of Medical Case Report, 2007,1:171.
- 13 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological Profile for Mercury. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
- 14 Fletcher AM, Gelberg KH. An Analysis of Mercury Exposures Among the Adult Population in New York State. Journal of Community Health, 2013:38(3): 529-537.
- 15 Gelberg KH, Fletcher AM. Adult blood lead reporting in New York State - 1994 to 2006. Public Health Rep, 2010; 125(1).
- 16 Franko EM, Palome JM, Brown MJ, Kennedy CM. Children with elevated blood lead levels related to home renovation, repair, and painting activities - New York State, 2006-2007. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep, 2009; 58(3): 55-58.
- 17 Gelberg KH, DePersis R. Lead exposure among target shooters. Arch Environ Occup Health, 2009; 64(2): 115-119.
- 18 Franko EM. New rules for lead-safe remodeling. The Journal of Light Construction, 2009; 27(8):61-64.
- 19 Franko E. New rules to remodel right. Rental Housing of Northern Alameda County, 2009; VI(7):8,10,35.
- 20 Zhu M, Fitzgerald EF, Gelberg KH, Lin S, Druschel C. Maternal low-level lead exposure and fetal growth. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010; Vol 118(10):1471-1475.
- 21 Zhu M, Fitzgerald EF, Gelberg KH. Exposure sources and reasons for testing among women with low blood lead levels. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. Published online 03 May 2011: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2010.550035
- 22 National Research Council. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012.
- 23 Scott E, Pavelchak N, DePersis R. Impact of Housekeeping on Lead Exposure in Indoor Law Enforcement Shooting Ranges. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2012, 9:3, D45-D51.
Appendix A: State Regulations for Reporting Heavy Metals
22.6 Reporting heavy metals in blood and urine. Every physician, clinical laboratory and health facility in attendance of a person with a blood or urine test resulting in a value at or above those listed in section 22.7 of this Part, shall report such occurrence to the State Commissioner of Health within 10 days of the receipt of the results of such test. The report shall be on such forms as prescribed by the State Commissioner of Health.
Historical Note: Sec filed May 14, 1981 eff. Dec. 1, 1981.
22.7 Reportable levels of heavy metals in blood and urine. For purposes of section 22.6 of this Part, the following levels of heavy metals in blood and urine samples are reportable to the State Commissioner of Health:
Metal | Sample | Reportable At or Above |
Lead | Blood | All levels |
Cadmium | Blood | 10 nanograms per milliliter |
Urine | 5 micrograms per liter | |
Mercury | Blood | 5 nanograms per milliliter |
Urine | 20 nanograms per milliliter | |
Arsenic | Urine | 50 micrograms per liter |
Historical Note: Sec filed May 14, 1981, and filed Sept. 11, 1986, eff. Sept. 11, 1986
Subpart 67-3
SEC 67-3.1 Laboratory reporting of blood lead levels for public health follow up
Section 67-3.1 Laboratory reporting of blood lead levels for public health follow up.
(a) For purposes of this Subpart, laboratory shall mean any laboratory that holds a permit issued in accordance with Public Health Law Article 5, Title V and is authorized to conduct blood lead analyses.
(b) Laboratories shall report the results of all blood lead analyses performed on residents of New York State to the Commissioner of Health and to the local health officers in whose jurisdictions the subjects of the tests reside. If the laboratory reports electronically to the Commissioner of Health in accordance with subdivision (e) below, the Department of Health shall notify the appropriate local health officer of the test results and the laboratory shall be deemed to have satisfied the reporting requirements of this section.
Appendix B: Overview of Heavy Metals Registry Program Operations
Clinical laboratories, physicians and health care facilities can report heavy metal test results electronically through the internet or manually on paper forms to the DOH. All information reported to the Registry is confidential, and records and computer files are maintained in accordance with DOH regulations concerning medical data containing individual identifiers. Access to the data by anyone other than Registry personnel is restricted and carefully monitored so that confidentiality is maintained. Approximately 99% of all tests for lead were submitted electronically. This was similar for tests of other heavy metals: 95% of arsenic, 75% of mercury, and 100% of cadmium tests were all submitted electronically.
Once information is received on a person with an elevated level, DOH contacts the person and/or their physician and interviews them to determine the possible sources of exposure, provide advice on appropriate control measures to limit future exposures to the individual and his or her family, and answer any questions the individual may have. DOH also collects demographic information, such as level of education, primary language spoken, and ethnicity along with information about the subject's work and home environments. When the exposure is work-related, DOH gathers information on the employer, work location, protection measures in place and whether coworkers are also potentially exposed. Both Spanish- and French-speaking interviewers are available, and there is access to individuals fluent in several additional languages and dialects including Polish, Russian, Chinese, and Portuguese. Following the interview, DOH provides individuals with brochures appropriate to their exposure sources describing methods to reduce exposure, along with the telephone number of the local state-sponsored occupational health clinic for in the event they wish to pursue additional follow-up on their test results (see Appendix B for a list of the occupational health clinics).
DOH performs the contacts described above for all individuals with reportable levels of arsenic and cadmium, or reportable urine mercury level. For mercury in blood, many years of experience have shown us that lower levels of blood mercury are almost always due to eating freshwater fish and seafood.[23] Therefore, only those individuals with blood mercury levels at or above 25 ng/mL are interviewed. Currently, interviews are conducted for lead exposures of women of childbearing age (ages 16-45), and 16 and 17 year olds with blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 µg/dL. For all other adult, the interviews are conducted for anyone with blood lead levels at or above 15 µg/dL. From 2007 through February 2009, women of childbearing age were interviewed at blood lead levels greater than or equal to 15 µg/dL, while all other adults reported to the HMR were interviewed at levels greater than or equal to 25 µg/dL. Prior to 2007, all adults were interviewed at blood lead levels greater than or equal to 25 µg/dL. Consequently, for the earlier years (prior to 2007), there is incomplete demographic information for some of the lower blood levels. All other children are followed by the Childhood Lead Poisoning Primary Prevention Program.
When DOH identifies a workplace with employees with high or persistently elevated heavy metal levels, DOH conducts follow-up with the employer. For situations where an employer has not previously had an employee who was reported to the HMR, an industrial hygienist contacts the company to determine the exposure circumstances, learn whether coworkers are at risk and assess whether the company is taking appropriate measures to control exposures. With all contacts, the industrial hygienist protects the confidentiality of the individual reported. An important focus of these efforts is smaller businesses that do not have either full-time medical or industrial hygiene resources to evaluate their worksites. At a minimum, DOH provides advice over the telephone, with a follow-up letter summarizing the recommendations. Depending on the severity or persistence of the problem, or the uniqueness of the source of exposure, DOH may ask for permission to conduct an on-site industrial hygiene evaluation. That evaluation is then followed by a written report that is submitted to the employer and to the union representative, if applicable. Between 2006 and 2010, there were 522 employers identified with at least one employee reported to the HMR with occupational exposures to lead, 14 employers identified for occupational exposures to mercury, 3 for occupational exposures to arsenic and 2 for occupational exposures to cadmium.
In all cases, DOH's goal is to reduce exposure to all heavy metals. For workplace exposures, DOH recommendations are guided by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards and the experience of the industrial hygienists in addressing similar exposures. In these instances, DOH encourages employers to implement site-specific exposure reduction measures and monitoring to help assure that exposures have been reduced.
DOH recently conducted a full program evaluation for the HMR and is in the process of implementing changes to the Registry. The first of these changes involved lowering the blood lead level of those interviewed. Based on recent research about the toxicity of lead at low dose, NYSDOH dropped the interview levels in March 2009 from 25 µg/dL to 10 µg/dL and above for all women and all 16 and 17 year olds; and interviews all others with blood lead levels of 15 µg/dL and above. Since NYS is currently the only state to be conducting adult interviews and follow-up at these low levels, an evaluation was conducted and presented at the annual Adult Blood Lead and Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) meeting in 2010 to help guide the national program and other states regarding the utility of this endeavor. Other changes to the registry include sending letters advising pregnant women to have their newborns tested at birth; redesigning the interview to computer modules allowing the interviewer to provide appropriate educational information based on responses received; raising the interview level to 25 ng/mL for blood mercury exposures and providing a fact sheet to those reported with lower blood mercury levels; and working more directly with the local health departments on case management.
In addition to those changes, the HMR database was redesigned to an interactive system which is updated daily. Both blood lead and other heavy metal reports are received electronically from laboratories daily, and are added to the database each morning. All surveillance and follow-up information is available to DOH instantly as changes and updates occur. This greatly enhances the ability of DOH to determine if a report has already been received; correct report and case data immediately; make new information directly available to all staff; uncover and correct errors, add new employers, assign cases to interviewers and track the progress of cases with elevated test results, daily. Daily updates allow staff to rapidly respond to highly elevated levels to ensure that the case is receiving proper medical management, to identify others at risk, and to intervene to prevent further exposures.
Appendix C: New York State Network of Occupational Health Clinics
Follow link to the most current list of New York State Network of Occupational Health Clinics.


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Support for Muslims in St. Anthony after Islamic center rejected
Categories: Religion
Elsa Marty, one of the event organizers, wasn't at the City Council meeting, but was "pretty appalled" by the reports. "We wanted to do something to show the Muslims in our community that they are welcome," she says.
Last month, the suburb's City Council rejected an Islamic center's request to move into the basement of the old Medtronic headquarters, arguing that the building has industrial zoning.
Though the council rejected a similar request from a Christian group eight months prior, supporters of the center say the city reneged on a previous deal approving the congregation to use the space. The situation came to a head at a City Council meeting on June 12, when several of the 100 attendees made anti-Islam remarks, including one resident who said "Islam is evil."
The U.S. Attorney's office for the District of Minnesota is currently investigating allegations of anti-Muslim bias.
The interfaith event this weekend, however, wants to step back from all that. Marty notes that what's happening with the City Council is a legal matter, and says the goal of the evening is for people to meet each other.
"I know a lot of people who are supportive of Muslims in theory, but they don't actually know any Muslims," she says. At the event, "We can ask each other questions like, 'How is it for you raising kids within a faith?'"
Two Christian and two Muslim leaders will speak, and then attendees will break into smaller groups for conversation. "Oftentimes these events are under-attended, but this was such a heart-wrenching thing, for both Christians and Muslims," Marty says. "Having a crisis precipitate the event is making it more real for people. I'm hoping for a good turn out."
The gathering is free and open to the public, and starts at 7 p.m. at Nativity Lutheran Church.
Related coverage:
St. Anthony council rejects Islamic center; "Islam is evil," says one opponent
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Los Angeles Dodgers vs Oakland Athletics (ST)Tue, March 19, 2013 - 1:05 PMCamelback Ranch - Glendale in Phoenix, AZ |
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General information on Christian camping.
The following ministries focus on creation/apologetics teaching:
Idyllwild Pines Creation Camp (Idyllwild, CA) — www.idyllwildpines.com
Timber-lee Christian Center (East Troy, WI) — www.timber-lee.com
Canoe Creation (Blue Rock, OH) — www.canoecreation.org
Kanakuk Kamps (Kanakuk, Colorado focuses on apologetics teaching) — www.kanakuk.com
Living Waters Bible Camp (Westby, WI) — www.lwcamp.com
For additional information on Christian camps, see the website for Christian Camp and Conference Association at www.ccca.org.
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Da Boom Crew
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (March 2011) |
Da Boom Crew | |
Created by | Bruce Smith John P. White Stiles White |
Developed by | Jambalaya Studios |
Directed by | T.J. House Bruce Smith |
Country of origin | United States United Kingdom |
Original language(s) | English |
No. of episodes | 13 (9 unaired during US airing) |
Production | |
Executive producer(s) | Thomas Wilhite John P. White Bruce Smith |
Running time | 22 minutes |
Production company(s) | Hyperion Pictures BFC Entertainment |
Release | |
Original channel | Cartoon Network UK, Kids WB |
Original release | September 11, 2004 – October 2, 2006 |
Da Boom Crew is a children's television series, first shown on Kids' WB. It received the network's worst ever 11:30 am first show audience for boys 6-11, females 9-14 and males 9-14. In the US, the show was canceled after four out of the 13 episodes made.
The program was produced by Berliner Film Companie in association with Jambalaya Studios in Los Angeles, California.
Four children create a homemade video game, and a supernatural vortex sucks them into a world similar to their game. The show details their adventures in this parallel world. They embark on a quest to find their missing game cartridges and stop the villain Zorch from taking control of the cosmos.[1]
Season 1: 2004[edit]
Release Order | Title | Original US airdate | Episode Number |
1 | "Droppin' Da Bomb/It's Not Just a Game" | September 11, 2004 | 101 |
Justin and his friends are transported inside a video game world where they discover a parallel universe. | |||
2 | "Statue of Limitations" | September 18, 2004 | 102 |
Da Boom Crew arrives at a village and meet an alien. He says that the once fertile land is turning to dust. Da Boom Crew take a fruit basket to the Protector to save the planet. | |||
3 | "Junk Planet" | September 25, 2004 | 103 |
The Da Boom Crew travel to a planet filled with junk. | |||
4 | "Frogday Afternoon" | October 1, 2004 | 104 |
The Da Boom Crew are suspended for intruding on a frog festival. | |||
5 | "Wanted!" | Not shown in US | 105 |
The Da Boom Crew are mistaken for the notorious "Grargon Gang." | |||
6 | "Boom vs. Doom" | Not shown in US | 106 |
A mad inventor traps the Boom Crew inside his massive ship in order to use the Boom Carts to power his ultimate doom weapons. | |||
7 | "The Boo!" | Not shown in US | 107 |
The Boom Crew encounter a friend from Earth on a creepy new planet. | |||
8 | "Baby Boom" | Not shown in US | 108 |
The Boom Crew become workers in Hedlok's outer space mine when they try to reunite an alien baby with its parents. | |||
9 | "Ice Ice Planet" | Not shown in US | 109 |
The Da Boom Crew land on an Ice planet but end up damaging a shield protecting villagers from the sheer cold and attempt to fix it. | |||
10 | "The Crimson Raider" | Not shown in US | 110 |
Commander Blurp joins the Boom Crew on a mission to explore an ocean planet where a Boom Cart is suspected of creating havoc with the sea life. But things are complicated when the gang encounters a villainous space pilot known as the "Crimson Raider." | |||
11 | "The Legendary Meemawzaza" | Not shown in US | 111 |
The Boom Crew encounters a legendary warrior and must complete a series of chores in order to procure a Boom Cart. But the kids' skills are put to the test when Hedlok and Etra arrive along with a villainous new weapon. | |||
12 | "The Hour of the Clipse: Part 1" | Not shown in US | 112 |
As Planet Yodiggity prepares to celebrate Freedom Day, the Boom Crew embarks on a mission to retrieve supposedly the last Boom Cart where they encounter a group of young alien orphans and their mysterious leader, DEXX ARBOLEAN. In their absence Zorch manages to steal all the Boom carts they were saving. | |||
13 | "The Hour of the Clipse: Part 2" | Not shown in US | 113 |
As Yodiggity celebrates Freedom Day, the Boom Crew embarks on their most dangerous mission yet. They infiltrate Zorch's ship and retrieve the stolen Boom Carts. The Boom Crew realize that the alien orphans' parents are still alive and are being kept captive by Zorch. As Zorch finally takes control of Yodiggity the Boom Crew meet up with DEXX and the other orphans requesting their help. The episode ends with DEXX stating he knows where they can find one final Boom Cart. NOTE The series ended on a cliffhanger due to low ratings. |
Justin - Nate's older brother is leader of the Crew. He has two laser guns and an arm slingshot. He and Ricki share some flirtatious looks.
Nate - The ship's pilot and Justin's younger brother. The shortest in the group, he has short brown hair and wears a light blue top and blue jeans. He refers to himself as 'big daddy Nate' and has a fear of heights. He has a light sword given to him as a present by the yo-diggians for helping save commander Blurp.
Jubei - He is a hoverboard rider, has a laser shotgun and a really sharp shooter. If he misses a shot he calls it the "kiki popo".
Ricki - The gadget inventor of the group. Ricki wears a red top with matching trousers, white boots, a blue wristband on her left wrist and has ginger hair up in two pigtails. She is an expert with anything mechanical and uses a vast scientific knowledge when describing things. She has a metal rod and has a fear of water. She has romantic feelings for Justin.
Dent - Dent is a robot which has been given to Ricki as a gift after she helped save commander Blurp. He resembles a flat screen computer with a hollow, metal, cylindrical body, has two robotic arms and moves around on a small set of wheels. He does not talk but shows above average human intelligence and uses a series of beeps to communicate. A digital face portraying his mood is shown on the screen.
"Great Commander" Blurp - Former War Commander of Yo-diggity in the war against Zorch. He says he is brave commander, his actions say otherwise.
Zorch - The primary villain who wishes to conquer the galaxy by gathering the Boom Cards. This character was voiced by Morris Day.
Headlock - Cohort of Zorch. He wears a dome on his head because it is abnormally small. His assistant's name is Gerone.
Hetra - Headlock's evil sister. As her name suggests she has six arms. She and Commander Blurp were trainned by the same mentor.


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Crew members work on Mike Webster's hydroplane prior to racing. / Eric Seals/Detroit Free Press
Mike Webster said he would go racing today on the Detroit River, only he doesn't have a boat -- not the one he started out with on Saturday, anyway.
Webster survived a massive crash without serious injury in the heats of the APBA Gold Cup Saturday when his unlimited hydroplane blew over as it roared past the Detroit Yacht Club after hitting a roller coming into the notorious Roostertail Turn.
Webster's U-22 Great Scott! Presents Matrix Systems boat lifted off into the air and hung for a moment before slamming back onto its canopy, the 32-year-old driver from Reading, Pa., trapped in the reinforced safety cell, or fighter-plane type cockpit.
Rescue boats rushed to the scene of the wreckage and helped extricate Webster, who drives for his family-owned Webster Racing.
Webster was taken to the Gold Cup trackside medical center, examined and released about half an hour later.
At his race hauler in the pits, Webster, who looked remarkably cool and calm, talked about the frightening accident, which happened as he and fellow unlimited regulars Mark Evans (Evans Bros Racing) and Greg Hopp (Leland Unlimited) thundered down the back straight of the 2.5-mile Gold Cup course, locked together.
"We knew it was a heat we had a good shot of winning," said Webster. "We were really keyed up. We had a great first corner, got down the back straight really well. Unfortunately, we got to the end at the Yacht Club and just got a little bit light, hit a roller and at that point I was just along for the ride."
Webster, who said he got roughed up in the crash but didn't sustain any serious injuries, just some bruising, said he fought the boat in an attempt to save it.
"I remember trying to bring it down," he said. "But there was nothing I could do. It hung there at a pretty good height for quite a while."
Webster was more disappointed with the damage to the boat after such a promising qualifying run on Friday and start to Saturday's heat.
"I'm disappointed for all the hard work we put in," said Webster. "My safety was a concern but I knew I was OK, and I was more disappointed with the fact I ruined a good race boat for the weekend."
So, how did Webster really feel heath-wise after the spectacular but dangerous ride?
"I'm a little banged up," admitted Webster, "some minor bruises and stuff but nothing compared to what could have been. I'm very fortunate and I'm thanking my lucky stars. I'm coming down -- my heart-rate is coming down. I wish I could go out right now and (race)."
Webster said a little water got into the cockpit as he struggled to get out.
"Not too much," he said. "I was able to get myself out of the boat with help from safety workers."
Evans crashed at almost the same point as Webster in 2003, suffering a broken neck, ribs and leg.
"It's just a typical Roostertail turn," said Evans. "That's where I hit too. He hung in the air, looked like he was going to save it and over he went."
Contact Mike Brudenell: 313-222-2115 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Around south on Kauai
Trip Start
Sep 27, 2008
Trip End
Oct 14, 2008
Where I stayed
The water was great, but the snorkely was only decent. The water wasn't very deep but there were a few stunning fish here and there. Right in the middle of the snorkeling beach was an endandered Monk Seal who decided last night that he was going to nap and sunbath all day on Poi'pu beach. The lifeguards must get there early in the morning to look for them because by the time we got there, a rope cordon was around him to prevent people from waking up him up or bothering him. They suspect 8-16 of this type of seal live around Kauai.
Our boogie boarding attempt didn't fare quite so well. We paddled ourselves pretty far out to where the surfers were catching waves, but we only could "catch" four or five ourselves. It'd really be more accurate to say the waves caught us and thrashed us about a little bit. Not much worse for the experience, we hand paddled all the way back to shore, only then learning we were supposed to have our snorkelling fins on our feet. Oops.
Feeling rather exhausted, we drove further out west towards Waimea Canyon, stopping only once to pick up some food at a Shrimp stand (shrimp burger is ok). The canyon road is a narrow winding road that leads 18 miles up into the western highlands of the island. The canyon is also known as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific. While the views were rather awesome, I suspect the Grand Canyon has the edge. We drove a little further up the road to the clockwise end of the road so we could look out into the valley that we were unable to hike to yesterday. Unfortunately just as we got there, a front moved in and obscured the entire valley with rain. We waited an hour or so but the rain just never let up. I suspected it very well might have rained for 2 more days so we just left before it got too dark.
Kauai is interesting in that seemingly everyone just does odds and ends work just to make ends meet so they can laze about the rest of the time. It's an interesting take on life. Most all the workers at our hostel are just passing through and paying their way with trade-work.


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Low Carb Sugar Free Pancake & Waffle Mix
user ratingDo you love pancakes and waffles drenched in syrup but hate the idea of all that refined flour and sugar? Then this mix is for you. We use wheat gluten and a low glycemic cornstarch, which are much higher in protein and lower in carbs than traditional flour. So go ahead, enjoy your pancakes and waffles. You'll be doing your body and your taste buds a favor. Only 3 net carbs per serving.
New Hope Mills has produced quality products for more than 180 years to earn its distinction as one of America's oldest flour mills. Although the mill is no longer used for producing flour, it is being preserved with operations intact, with the goal of an operational museum. We now have a 33,000 square foot manufacturing location in Auburn, N.Y., only 30 minutes from our original location in New Hope, N.Y. The quality of our products remains a prominent goal. New Hope Mills offers a variety of gluten-free and all-natural products that are free from chemical additives and artificial enrichments.


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Our mission
The Oakville Literacy Council is a non-profit volunteer group dedicated to helping adults improve their literacy skills.
We achieve those objectives by:
In our day-to-day work, we remember these principles:
Everyone has the right to be able to read and write. Everyone should be treated with respect and confidentiality.
Who we are | What we do | Success stories | News & events Used book sale | Literacy facts | Links | FAQs | Tutor tools | Student stuff I want to | Contact us


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Process optimization and empirical modeling for electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber precursor of carbon nanofibers
Gu, S.Y. and Ren, J. and Vancso, G.J. (2005) Process optimization and empirical modeling for electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber precursor of carbon nanofibers. European Polymer Journal, 41 (11). pp. 2559-2568. ISSN 0014-3057
Restricted to UT campus only : Request a copy 304kB |
Abstract: | Ultrafine fibers were spun from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution as a precursor of carbon nanofibers using a homemade electrospinning set-up. Fibers with diameter ranging from 200 nm to 1200 nm were obtained. Morphology of fibers and distribution of fiber diameter were investigated varying concentration and applied voltage by scanning electric microscopy (SEM). Average fiber diameter and distribution were determined from 100 measurements of the random fibers with an image analyzer (SemAfore 5.0, JEOL). A more systematic understanding of process parameters was obtained and a quantitative relationship between electrospinning parameters and average fiber diameter was established by response surface methodology (RSM). It was concluded that concentration of solution played an important role to the diameter of fibers and standard deviation of fiber diameter. Applied voltage had no significant impact on fiber diameter and standard deviation of fiber diameter. |
Item Type: | Article |
Copyright: | © 2005 Elsevier |
Faculty: | Science and Technology (TNW) |
Research Group: | |
Link to this item: | http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/77396 |
Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.05.008 |
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Cristobal Huet and Michael Nylander also waived in cost-cutting moves
Sep 25, 2010, 1:00 PM EDT
While Wade Redden was the first of the notable waiver victims today, there are two others that were placed on waivers this afternoon to help their teams legally lose some money off of the salary cap. If you think that these names will be surprising, then I don't know what to tell you.
Chicago placed goalie Cristobal Huet on waivers while the Washington Capitals did the same with forward Michael Nylander. Huet hitting the waiver wire is likely the last piece of business that needs to be taken care of before he's loaned to a team in Switzerland. Huet is losing his spot in Chicago thanks to the Blackhawks supremely poor salary cap management. Also because Cristobal Huet is in no way worth $5.625 million a season against the cap for the next two years.
As for Nylander, he's been through this dance before with the Capitals last season. After being placed on waivers, Nylander spent some time on loan to the Grand Rapids Griffins in the AHL as well as Jokerit in the Finnish Elite League. Nylander has one more year left on his deal and he's got a cap hit of $4.875 million. Expect Nylander to either play in the AHL or work out a deal to play in Europe once again.
- Tony Fradkin - Sep 27, 2010 at 9:46 AM
Honestly, no matter how silly it might sound, Nylander should be claimed by the Leafs. With all the trouble they got at center, he would be a perfect fit. Finger should be dealt and Kadri demoted to clear salary space. Nyles, i believe, could still be very productive.
- John - Sep 27, 2010 at 1:42 PM
"Huet is losing his spot in Chicago thanks to the Blackhawks supremely poor salary cap management. Also because Cristobal Huet is in no way worth $5.625 million a season against the cap for the next two years."
How many teams are right at the cap (or above) this year? If I remember correctly, the Hawks just won the Stanley Cup and are picked by most experts to be a top 6 team again this year. But ignorant comments like those above (as well as all the offseason remarks about "dismantling" imply that they don't have 5 of their top 6 forwards coming back, their top 4 Defensemen and a slew of hot young prospects. The fact is Huet was beaten out by Antti Neimi during the season (and since the Finnish Zamboni driver elected to lose with the Sharks), the Hawks will show that Turco and Crawford will actually do just as well behind the best defensive team in the NHL.
- Paul - Sep 27, 2010 at 2:30 PM
John talk about ignorant, Neimi didn't elect to lose with the sharks, he won his arbatration hearing and because he hawk are right at the salary cap they elected to go another way. You also have to admit they did lose a lot of role players and are now depending on an older goalie, which lets face it Turco is no Brodoure, I'm far from a devils' fan but he has put good numbers time and again.


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PHOENIX SALON & SPA 4160 Dearborn Circle Mount Laurel, NJ 08054 1.856.608.1300
PHOENIX SALON 137 Egg Harbor Road Tower Square Shopping Ctr. Sewell, NJ 08080 1.856.232.5430
HOURS OF OPERATION: Mon. thru Fri. 9-8, Sat. 8-5, Sun. 9-5. Additional hours are available upon request.
PAYMENT POLICY: We accept: Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Debit Cards, Personal Checks And Cash. Gratuities are not included in service prices for spa packages (unless other arrangements have been made) and are not permitted to be added to credit cards for cash back.
SCHEDULING SERVICES: Please call 856.608.1300 or visit Request Appointment.
CONFIRMING APPOINTMENT: We attempt to confirm spa package appointments 24 hours in advance. If you have not heard from us, kindly call 856.608.1300 the day before your appointment to reconfirm your services.
WHAT TO EXPECT: Some services require changing into spa apparel and/or consultations so please plan on arriving 10-15 minutes prior to scheduled appointment time. Our staff will assist any of your needs and guide you through your spa day. Robes, wraps, towels and slippers are available for spa guests. Please do not wear jewelry as you will be asked to remove, if possible, as well as you will be asked to turn cell phones on vibrate/off mode.
Gift certificates for all services and retail in any dollar amount are available for pick-up or delivery by calling 856.608.1300 or by visiting Gift Certificates.


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New Delhi: Narendra Modi met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wedneaday in a reportedly courtesy call after he was re-elected as the Gujarat Chief Minister. Later in the day, Modi will address students at the Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC) on the Gujarat model of development.
After meeting the Prime Minister, Modi said, "The Prime Minister assured all help for Gujarat's development." He also said Meeting with the Prime Minister was good and said that Manmohan congratulated him.
The visit is being seen as part of Modi's efforts towards building a pan-India appeal. The Gujarat Chief Minister will be leaving for the Kumbh in Allahabad next week. A few students groups have planned protests in the day.
The visit is being seen as part of Narendra Modi's efforts towards building a pan-India appeal.
In recent weeks, there has been growing chorus in BJP for projecting Modi as party's Prime Ministerial candidate, arguing it will benefit the party in the next general elections.
NDA's key ally JD(U), which has reservation against Modi and wants a secular face acceptable to all as NDA's Prime Ministerial candidate, has condemned the 'mad rush' of leaders naming a candidate of their choice for the top post. On the other hand, Shiv Sena is pitching for Sushma Swaraj as the Prime Ministerial candidate.


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This Privacy Statement sets out how www.haven.com complies with European Union data protection requirements. This applies to the entire web site. Any changes to these policies will be posted on this page.
You can access this Privacy Statement from the bottom of every page by clicking on the appropriate link.
Haven and its subsidiaries are committed to respecting your privacy. We have structured this website so that you can visit a majority of the website without identifying yourself or revealing any personal information.
Once you choose to provide us with any information by which you can be identified, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this privacy statement.
For your protection, we are registered under the Data Protection Act 1998 and have given all appropriate notifications to the Information Commissioner.
By visiting www.haven.com you are accepting and consenting to the practices described in this Privacy Notice.
Collection and Use of Personal Information
We use the information submitted on this site to handle booking requests, deliver products and services (i.e. brochures, booking confirmations), communicate with you about bookings, services and promotional offers, update our records and generally maintain your details.
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We, Haven and, on our behalf, Webabacus and Comscore use traffic log cookies to identify which pages are being used. This helps us analyse data about web page traffic and improve our website in order to tailor it to our customers needs. We only use this information for statistical analysis purposes and then the data is removed from the system. Denial of a traffic log cookie should not prevent you from using this site.
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Hiroshima Kosi-Nenkin Kaikan Hall
Address: ,
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