text:
Conley family
The Conley Family | |
Conley Family members from left to right: Maurice Cheeks • Mike Conley, Sr. • Katrenia Pruitt • Larry Elder • William Conley • Binford Conley, PhD • Mike Conley, Jr. • Houston Conley, PhD • Earl Thomas Conley
Ethnicity | Primarily African-American and Irish-American descent |
Current region | Tennessee Valley, United States |
Place of origin | United States |
Notable members | Mike Conley, Sr. Larry Elder Maurice Cheeks Binford Conley, PhD Vernon Baker Roger Cameron Wood Mike Conley, Jr. |
Connected families | Patrick; Garner; Scruggs; Thornton; Jacobs; Pruitt; Moore; Darwin; Ford. |
Traditions | Conley Connections |
Estate | Conley Mountain |
The Conley Family is a prominent American family descending from husband and wife, Green Conley and Harriet Conley, who were unrelated, and Harriet's three brothers Pascal, William and Hamilton. Green was born of a union of an Irish slaveholder and one of his Black African servants in Georgia. His wife Harriet and her brothers were born of similar circumstance in Alabama. Based in the Tennessee Valley Region, they formed the foundation of the Free Black Elite in the region prior to the Civil War, and subsequently, the Talented Tenth community at the turn of the century. Their prominence began with the farming and agricultural endeavors of the original brothers in Northern Alabama, but the family climbed to a new level of prominence with the descendants of Green and Harriet, as family members expanded into various other areas of American life. Starting in the early 1800s, their business success, extensive and continuing community involvement, and photogenic quality of the family members, elevated them to social prominence until Civil Rights Movement brought about sweeping changes to social structure of the American South.
Early roots[edit]
Through some series of events, the four siblings Harriet, Hamilton, William and Pascal (sometimes spelled Paschal in official records) migrated to Madison County, Alabama, where Harriet Conley met Green Conley, a migrant from Georgia, who in spite of the same surname was of no relation.[1]
Quadroons documented as born circa 1812, Green and Harriet were believed to have been married around 1840 in the greater Huntsville, Alabama area, in the Tennessee Valley. The Family is among the first Free Mulatto African-American families in Alabama to organize themselves formally prior to the Civil War. The 1870 Census, which was the first after the Civil War destroyed many Southern government buildings records, holds the first evidence of the emerging family. The marriage produced eight total children (six sons and two daughters), including: Sarah (1840); Alexander (1845); Milton (1849); Katie (sometimes spelled Hattie in official records (1850); James (1852); William (1855); Jonas (1857); Willie (1868). All birth years are estimates, based on U.S. Census Records. Before the American Civil War records for births and marriages between citizens of even partial African origin were poorly kept, and rarely filed in public records.
Of the six sons of Green Conley, Alexander was especially gifted in athletics and the arts, and William's offspring continued the military traditions started by their Uncle Pascal Conley II. Jonas pushed the broader family into the world of higher education, producing a number of academics. Little is known of siblings Sarah, Milton, James and Katie (Hattie). In some cases, their descendants blended into the white population. Passing, was a common practice in the 18th and 19th centuries with people of mixed-race heritage assimilating into the white majority, as legal and social conventions of hypodescent classified the person as a minority, subjecting them to racial segregation and discrimination.
According to public landownership records, the family was the largest African-American landholder in Alabama before World War II, acquiring tracts of land throughout the Tennessee Valley in a series of inter-marriage arrangements and land title transfers with other the Scruggs, Moore, Stewart and Pruitt families. Members of the family would pool their financial resources to build 'homesteads' or compounds with multiple buildings at the base of the mountains east of Madison County Lake in Madison County, Alabama, which came to be known as 'Conley Mountain' during the Reconstruction Era. During the backlash against Radical Reconstruction the common name of the mountain was revoked.[2]
The family's activities were centered in the Tennessee Valley Region until the late-19th century, when participation in the Spanish-American War and subsequent military conflicts, carried military family members and their accomplishments beyond the Southeastern United States.[3] Major branches of the family developed in Arkansas, California, Kentucky, Montana, New York, Nevada, Ohio, and Vermont. The family's public profile declined somewhat during the Great Depression, then saw a resurgence in after the end of World War II, as several branches of the family moved aggressively into the worlds of higher education, and retail business. After the Civil Rights movement, a new generation emerged, focused on city government, entertainment, technology and athletics.[2]
Contemporary era[edit]
Today, the family unites several strands of modern life, with family members in performing arts, medical science, technology, finance, political media, and a high-profile presence in athletics.
Family links are solidified through the practice of ritualized family meetings – known as Conley Connections, which started with the regular family meetings of the original siblings, around 1870. Some Conley descendants met together and formed a more formal organization around 1900, with the purpose of generating family activity, renewing acquaintances, and researching the family heritage.
Contemporary descendants include:artist T.B. Jackson-Williams,[4] basketball athlete Mike Conley Jr., social and political commentator Larry Elder,[5] Three-time Olympic athlete Mike Conley, Sr.,[6][7] Silicon Valley entrepreneur Roger Cameron Wood,[8] musician Earl Thomas Conley, and academic Dalton Conley. Houston Conley,[9] family elder, was pioneer in desegregation of public schools in America, and among a long list of educators produced by the family. The family's tradition in medical science began circa 1900, and continues today with Dr. Nina Joy Butler[10] and organic chemist Nicie Conley Murphy, PhD.
Fields of interests[edit]
The Family has a legacy of unbroken military service in every major conflict of the 20th century, including: the Mexican-American War; Civil War; Spanish American War; Philippine–American War; World War I; World War II;The Korean War; the Vietnam Conflict; and The Gulf War. Pascal Conley II, was the family's first military hero.[3] U.S. Senator Al Sessions (R) of Alabama,[11] recognized Sgt. Conley's service in the Spanish–American War in Cuba with Teddy Roosevelt;[12][13] Coincidentally, Scott Conley was a part of Sgt. Conley's famed 10th Cavalry.[14] Willie Conley led the family's participation in World War I, with Charlie Ed Ford. Cousins Booker Conley and James III Conley, one of the last living Tuskegee Airmen, were both depicted in the George Lucas film Red Tails; Vernon Baker was the only living black American World War II veteran of the seven belatedly awarded the Medal of Honor when it was bestowed upon him by President Bill Clinton in 1997.[15]
Religious affairs[edit]
Shortly before his death, Green Conley foresaw a fundamental shift in the society as a result of the debate over slavery, and encouraged his sons to establish churches and take leading roles in the community of recently emancipated Blacks. Alexander, William and Jonas financially supported the establishment of several churches in the Madison County region, including the Meridianville Baptist Church,[16] and The Conley CME Chapel.[17] Members of the Conley family dominated church life in Madison County and Limestone County in the 19th and 20th centuries when Black churches provided leadership, encouraged education and economic growth, and were often the primary link between the black and white communities. Several family members also established benevolent societies and fraternal orders, becoming prominent leaders in Prince Hall Masonry, and many other organizations.
Prior to the Civil Rights Movement, educations at Alabama A&M, Tennessee State University, Howard University, Hampton University, Spelman College, Fisk University, Morehouse College, Tuskegee University, Lincoln University, Wilberforce and Dillard University have been common among family members, and they have contributed heavily to the development of those schools. Several family members played pivotal roles in the formation, and subsequent evolution of Alabama A&M, which was founded initially with land from the Conley and the Stewart families. A Conley family member has been enrolled as a student at Alabama A&M, or has worked on staff, in each year of the school's existence. Oakwood College, also began on land bequeathed by Conley and Jacobs families, which eventually intermarried. Tennessee State, another traditional family school, has educated Conley family members since its accreditation in 1922. Morehouse College graduate and historian Binford H. Conley, PhD, managed the historical archives for Atlanta University. At Howard University, Dr. Binford H. Conley served as Director of University Libraries, including the Moorland–Spingarn Research Center, the largest archive of African-American history in the U.S. Houston Conley PhD, was a pioneering architect in the desegregation of America's secondary schools.[9] In the modern era, several branches of the family created new education traditions at University of Michigan, University of Arkansas, Cornell University, Columbia University and University of Chicago.
Since 1850, various Conley have owned and operated businesses throughout the United States.
The early generations were mainly in agricultural businesses, but the turn of the century brought commercial diversity along with relocation of several branches to new regions of the U.S.
Jonas Benjamin Conley was an example, having played a leadership role in developing the Black-owned businesses in Huntsville while owning the only Black-owned grocery store, Conley & Smith, in Northern Alabama after World War II. In the modern era, the family's business activities cover a range of endeavors including: food services, financial services, logistics, retail and sports entertainment. Rita Mack, Co-founded the McDonald's Women Operator Network, which now boasts a membership of five hundred female franchise owners. A national figure in the McDonald's network, she is the immediate past Chair and CEO of the National Black McDonald's Operators Association.[18] David Conley, investment banker, is formerly Managing Director at Robert W. Baird, as well as Seasongood & Mayer.
The family has experienced considerable success in athletics, and sports have been a theme for the family since the 1880s with Jess Conley, to the modern era with NBA coach Maurice Cheeks. Jess "Long Shot" Conley,[19] was a popular horse jockey from the 1890s until 1915. He attracted large crowds from California to New York, riding horses owned by G.A. Singerly, John E. Madden, and famed African-American horse breeder Raleigh Colston. Jess Conley was the last African-American jockey to place in the Kentucky Derby in 1911.[20] Sports agent Mike Conley, Sr. was a pivotal figure as one of the most decorated Olympians in the history of the United States.[21][22][23] Donald S. Conley, brother of Mike Alex Conley Sr., was a professional football player. Mike Conley, Jr. is a standout in the NBA for the Memphis Grizzlies, and son of Mike Alex Conley, Sr.[24] Jason Conley, a professional basketball player in Europe is a descendant of the original family, but not of the Alexander Conley branch. NBA coach Maurice Cheeks is a descendant of Jonas Conley, one of the original Conley Brothers, he holds several NBA records for assists, and was captain of the Philadelphia 76ers.
Larry Elder is a radio and television personality who rose to prominence as a conservative political pundit.[5][25][26] Regina Morris, a city administrator, led all of city operations for New York City under Mayor David Dinkins, and became the first woman to hold such a position in any U.S. city.[27] Chicago congressman Bennett Stewart help lead efforts to improve public housing.[28]
Arts & Humanities[edit]
The family has produced a number of artists in the past 100 years. George Conley, Jr., great-grandson of Alexander Conley I, is a poet and creative writing professor at University of Tennessee, where he was the first graduate from their creative writing program to concentrate in poetry.[29] Alexander Conley II, son of Alexander I, was the family's first known visual artist, and his descendant, Justin Wilson, is an emerging artist, working in video montage.[30]
Donald Conley, a young filmmaker and graduate of the prestigious NYU Film School, has shown early career promise. He has won several awards, including Winner, Best Short, 2012 Montreal Black Film Festival; Official Selection, 2012 American Black Film Festival; HBO young filmmakers aware, 2013; Best Direction, Best Picture, Audience Choice Award at 2013 Soul 4 Reel Film Festival.[31][32]
Teresa Brandy Jackson-Williams,[33] a visual artist also known as T.B. Jackson-Williams, is an artist of regional notoriety in the Kentucky and Ohio.[34][35] The youngest of three artistic siblings, she is the daughter of Christine Conley, of the Jonas Branch. After attending the prestigious Parsons School of design, she chose to work in a variety of mediums, including torn paper mosaics, illustrations and oils. her work has been featured through Louisville and the midwest in private collections, office buildings and public galleries for more than 20 years.[36]
In theater arts, Melinda Wilson, PhD, is President of the Black Theater Association.[37] A graduate of the Theatre and Drama at Northwestern University, she is also Chair of African American Theatre department at California State at Sacramento.[38][39] The University's Theatre and Dance Department and California Musical Theatre, the city's oldest professional performing arts organization. Her acting and directing credits include Dearborn Heights, Day of Absence, The Colored Museum, and various productions with Rhythm & Roots Performance Company in Nashville, Tennessee.
Medical Sciences[edit]
The Family has a 115-year tradition in medical science. Largely built by the female members of the Family, the history in medical science dates back to the 1892 - 1901, when Sally Conley, served as an army nurse in military conflicts in the Philippines and Cuba. Several family members followed that path into nursing, and the when the modern era allowed later generations branched off into nearly every area of medical science.
Nicie Conley Murphy, PhD, leads the newest Conley generation in medical science. She is a published scientist in organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry and photochemical reactions.[40] She holds a patent for her work in properties of microporous spherical carbon molecular sieves. Quentin Wilson, a descendant of Alexander Conley I, propelled the family into a new area of medicine, and will soon begin a residency in Veterinary Medicine. Dr. Nina Joy Butler is[10] is the latest family member to focus on pediatric medicine. Adriane Wilson is breaking new ground in marketing advanced lumbar, thoracic, and cervical surgical procedures. Dr. Angela Thornton, descendant of William Conley, is a published authority on Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs),[41] and Revascularization.[42][43]
Family tree[edit]
Selected members of the Conley family:
- Green Conley (born 1816), a free Black who married Harriet Conley (born 1817). Family founders for whom Conley Mountain and Hazel Green, Alabama were named.
- Sarah Conley (born 1840)
- Lucy Conley, student first class of Alabama A&M University, an HBCU built on land donated by the Conley Family.
- Alexander I (born 1845) who married Louisiana Conley (born 1850)
- Alexander II, the family's first visual artist. Self-taught painter and sketch artist.
- Alexander III married to Ora Conley
- Steve Conley (1972–), a NFL football player
- Mike Conley, Sr. (1962–), an Olympic athlete[7]
- Mike Conley, Jr. (1987–), a NBA basketball player[7]
- Alexander III married to Ora Conley
- Milton Conley II (named for Uncle, Milton I, brother of Alexander)
- George Conley I
- George Conley II, Poet and Creative Writing professor at University of Tennessee.
- George Conley I
- Alexander II, the family's first visual artist. Self-taught painter and sketch artist.
- Milton Conley (born 1849)
- Coleman Conley, Tuskegee Airman in the 92nd Buffalo Division
- Booker Conley, Tuskegee Airman in the 92nd Buffalo Division in Italy during World War II. Draft architect of the hangars for the original Tuskegee Airmen planes.[44]
- Kattie Conley (born 1850)
- James Conley (born 1852)
- James Conley III, the last living Tuskegee Airman[45]
- Earl Thomas Conley, a country music personality
- William Conley II (born 1855) who married Rachel Conley. William II was named for named for his uncle, William I, brother of Harriet.
- Pascal (Pony) Conley III (1898–1986), a business owner and co-founder of the Meridianville Baptist Church. Pascal III was named for his uncle, war hero Pascal Conley II, nephew of Harriet.
- Pascal Conley IV (Junior)
- Viola Conley Elder
- Larry Elder (1952–), a political commentator, radio and television personality.[26]
- Houston Conley, pioneering architect of public school desegregation
- Viola Conley Elder
- Bell Conley (born 1900) who married James Moses Stewart
- William Stewart (1918 - 2001), was first African-American policeman in Cleveland, OH
- Helen Conley Stewart who married Vernon Baker (1919–2010), a decorated World War II veteran
- William Stewart (1918 - 2001), was first African-American policeman in Cleveland, OH
- Bessie Conley (1905–1991) married Drawie Rodgers
- Cleatus Rodgers (Wife: Flossie)
- Juliette Rodgers Thornton
- Dr. Angela Thornton, Published medical academic in pharmacokinetics. Protease Inhibitor and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and related subjects.
- Juliette Rodgers Thornton
- Ozella Rodgers Morris
- Regina Morris, former Operations Chief for New York City[46]
- Cleatus Rodgers (Wife: Flossie)
- Pascal Conley IV (Junior)
- Jimmy Conley Sr. (born 1888)
- Jimmy Conley Jr.
- Posey Conley (born 26 May 1929) m 24 Mar 1951 Lucy Garner (born Nov 25, 1932)from Marriage Cert
- Donnie Conley, decorated Illinois State Trooper [47]
- Donald Conley, Filmmaker
- Donnie Conley, decorated Illinois State Trooper [47]
- Posey Conley (born 26 May 1929) m 24 Mar 1951 Lucy Garner (born Nov 25, 1932)from Marriage Cert
- Jimmy Conley Jr.
- Josie Conley Wilburn married Al Wilburn
- Rachel Wilburn Pruitt married Will Walter Pruitt
- Robert Pruitt, (born 1926) decorated Korean War veteran with brother Johnny
- Johnny Pruitt, (born 1928) decorated Korean War Veteran with brother Robert
- Rachel Wilburn Pruitt married Will Walter Pruitt
- Pascal (Pony) Conley III (1898–1986), a business owner and co-founder of the Meridianville Baptist Church. Pascal III was named for his uncle, war hero Pascal Conley II, nephew of Harriet.
- Jonas Conley (born 1857), who married Judy Conley, a religious leader and founder of the Conley CME Chapel
- Eddie Conley
- Christine Conley
- T.B Jackson-Williams, Visual Artist and Painter
- Lorean Conley
- Lorean Conley II
- Nicie Conley Murphy, PhD. Published Organic Chemist and patent holder in molecular chemistry.[48]
- Lorean Conley II
- Gurley Mae Conley
- David J. Conley, Investment Banker, Robert W. Baird and Co.
- John W. Conley (born 1868)
- Valerie Conley Wood married to Roger L. Wood
- Roger Cameron Wood, a technology exec and product designer[8][49]
- Julian Wood, Restauranteur, Partner at CentraArchy Restaurants
- Valerie Conley Wood married to Roger L. Wood
- Christine Conley
- Benjamin Harrison Conley, a religious leader and CME church founder
- Jonas Benjamin "JB" Conley, owner of several businesses, including Conley & Smith Grocery. Leader of the Black business district in Huntsville Alabama in the 1940s and 50s.
- Helen Conley Cargle, with husband Frank Cargle, Sr., helped found Cargle Realty in Detroit. The couple also helped establish The Museum of African American History in Detroit.
- Sadie Conley Jacobs, with husband Lawrence Jacobs, helped establish Oakwood University as a four year college
- Maxine Jacobs Rice married George Rice II
- George Rice III[50] University administrator and motivational speaker at George Washington University
- Maxine Jacobs Rice married George Rice II
- Binford Conley, PhD. Head of University Libraries at Howard University, and Director of the Moorland-Spingarn Archives[51]
- Mary Conley married Morris Moore, Jr.
- Nancy Moore Cheeks
- Maurice Cheeks (1956–), a NBA record holder, former coach of the Oklahoma Thunder, Philadelphia 76ers, and Detroit Pistons.
- Nancy Moore Cheeks
- Eddie Conley
- Sarah Conley (born 1840)
- Darwin Road, Meridianville, Alabama. Named for the Annie Conley Darwin Branch.
- Lawrence Jacobs Silos Plaza was dedicated to Lawrence Jacobs, husband of Sadie Conley Jacobs who had helped establish Oakwood University as a four year college.[52]
- The Conley CME Chapel was dedicated to Jonas Conley who had founded the chapel.[17]
- Conley Drive in Meridianville, Alabama was named after the Conley family.
- Jacobs Farm Road in Huntsville, Alabama was named after Sadie Conley Jacobs and Lawrence Jacobs.
- Moores Mill Road
- Hazel Green, Alabama Hazel Green, Alabama. Believed to be the original homestead of Green and Harriet Conley, and the hazel birch trees abundant in the area.
- Townsend Cemetery
- Conley Cemetery, in Huntsville, AL. One of five main family burial grounds in Huntsville and Madison, Alabama; Nashville and Chattanooga, Tennessee; Burlington, Vermont; and Montana.[53]
- Black American West Museum. Denver Museum of Black History in the Rocky Mountain region. Military exhibits donated by the Conley Family.[54]
- Wright Museum of African American History. Founded in 1965, it holds the world's largest permanent exhibit on African American culture. Established with land grant by Frank Cargle Sr. and Helen Conley Cargle with Dr. Charles Wright.[55]
See also[edit]
- Vernon Baker, decorated World War II vet, husband of Helen Conley Stewart Baker
- Bennett Stewart, Federal housing innovator and Chicago politician.
- ^ http://www.buffalosoldiers-amwest.org/history.htm
- ^ a b The 1993 Conley Reunion Souvenir Book. Washington, DC: Capitol Holiday Inn. July 1993. pp. 12–39.
- ^ a b Richard Simon (December 5, 2012). "Congress considers Buffalo Soldier for posthumous promotion". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ http://actorstheatre.org/events/gallery-at-actors-aaae-2012-2013/
- ^ a b "Larry Elder goes toe-to-toe with Piers Morgan". WorldNetDaily. January 18, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Roscoe Nance (May 8, 2007). "Conley Sr. follows Oden to NBA as prospect's agent". USA Today. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ a b c Andy Katz (May 15, 2007). "Conley Sr. has high hopes for new career". ESPN. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ a b "Roger Wood". USC Marshall School of Business. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Board of Directors". BWP & Associates. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ a b http://jsnma.org/2013/08/i-am-the-future-of-medicine-dr-nina-joy-butler-m-d-resident-physician-at-cincinnati-childrens-hospital-medical-center/
- ^ "Senate Passes Bipartisan Defense Bill With Key Provisions Authored By Sessions". United States Senate. December 5, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Buffalo soldier may finally get 1899 promotion". The Cotton Boll Conspiracy. December 6, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "H.R.4310 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013". 112th United States Congress. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ http://www.buffalosoldiersmuseum.com/soldiers.php?page=2&filter=all
- ^ "Medal of Honor recipients". United States Army. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "History of the Meridianville P.B. Church". Meridianville Baptist Church. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ a b "Conley Chapel Cme Church". Go Pickle. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ http://www.eurweb.com/2010/06/mcdonald's-owner-rita-mack-informed-inspired-involved/
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=5Xe3jrcI1UUC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=Raleigh+Colston+horses+kentucky+derby&source=bl&ots=-j36ruVHOl&sig=p5wwyQ3SNcXVBdqkc2rkjXbttzY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QJrqUv3gIdDtoATFrICADw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Raleigh%20Colston%20horses%20kentucky%20derby&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=klM8385tRXcC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=Jess+%22Long+Shot%22+Conley+Jockey&source=bl&ots=WCacoLayOM&sig=LM8_JVZ0jzd2yUbY3u6-oi_EuAw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=95vqUo2oKorZoASj44DoDg&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Jess%20%22Long%20Shot%22%20Conley%20Jockey&f=false
- ^ "Mike Conley". USA Track & Field. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Michael Alex Conley". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. October 30, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Brooks, Tony (November 2008). "Mike Conley, Sr.: Olympic Triple Jump Gold Medalist.". Black Sports The Magazine 11: 12–13.
- ^ Ben Axelrod (May 15, 2013). "Conley establishing name in NBA Playoffs". Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Larry Elder (June 18, 2013). "Larry Elder: Affirmative Action For College Admissions". Fox Philidelphia. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Larry Elder". Fox Los Angeles. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Regina Diane Morris Perez 1955-2011". Highbrid Nation. August 2, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Bennett McVey Stewart". United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Meacham Writers' Workshop mentions George Conley, Jr.". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "Justin Wilson's Video Montage Showcase". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ http://www.hbo.com/#/schedule/detail/focusId/751099?cmpId=ABC464
- ^ http://www.hbofamily.com/apps/schedule/ScheduleServlet?ACTION_DETAIL=DETAIL&FOCUS_ID=751099
- ^ http://theartslouisville.com/Reviews_2011/ms_landscapes.php
- ^ "T.B. Jackson Williams listing on GRANDPASART.COM". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "Jackson-Williams, T.B. page on AVAAD.COM "African American Visual Artists Database"". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "T. B. Jackson-William's work is showcased in the 19th Annual African American Art Exhibition". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "Melinda Wilson President of the Black Theater Association". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "Melinda Wilson Chair of African American Theatre, Theatre History, Dramatic Literature department at California State, Sacramento". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ "Sacramento State, California Musical Theatre join hands for opening production". Retrieved July 25, 2013.
- ^ http://nashvillepost.com/news/2013/8/7/patent_patrol_7_august_2013
- ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730100/
- ^ http://www.ishib.org/journal/18-2s2/ethn-18-02s2-112.pdf
- ^ http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Paper/6440977.aspx
- ^ "Booker Conley". Macon Progress Newspaper. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Black History Month Highlights Public Service at Tennessee State HUD Office". United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. March 7, 2001. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Josh Barbanel (October 24, 1991). "Hospitals' Leadership in Doubt Again". New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ http://www3.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=3&RecNum=6006
- ^ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicie_Conley_Murphy,_PhD_US_Patent_molecular.png
- ^ Thad Rueter (May 24, 2011). "iCrossing hires a digital media executive". Internet Retailer. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
- ^ "Multicultural Student Services Center - Staff". Multicultural Student Services Center. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "HUL Directors". Howard University. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "The Lawrence Jacobs Silos Plaza". Oakwood University Magazine: 15. Spring 2011.
- ^ http://meridianvillepbchurch.org/1822.html
- ^ http://www.blackamericanwestmuseum.org/
- ^ http://thewright.org/


text:
- 6 tablespoons unsalted butter
- 1 small onion, chopped
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 2 cups half-and-half
- 3 cups low-sodium chicken broth
- 2 bay leaves
- 1/4 teaspoon freshly grated nutmeg
- Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper
- 4 cups broccoli florets (about 1 head)
- 1 large carrot, diced
- 2 1/2 cups (about 8 ounces) grated sharp white and yellow cheddar cheese, plus more for garnish
Melt the butter in a large Dutch oven or pot over medium heat. Add the onion and cook until tender, about 5 minutes. Whisk in the flour and cook until golden, 3 to 4 minutes, then gradually whisk in the half-and-half until smooth. Add the chicken broth, bay leaves and nutmeg, then season with salt and pepper and bring to a simmer. Reduce the heat to medium-low and cook, uncovered, until thickened, about 20 minutes.
Add the broccoli and carrot to the broth mixture and simmer until tender, about 20 minutes. Discard the bay leaves. Puree the soup in batches in a blender until smooth; you'll still have flecks of carrot and broccoli. Return to the pot. (Or puree the soup in the pot with an immersion blender.) Hey! I get to use the immersion blender again!
Add the cheese to the soup and whisk over medium heat until melted. Add up to 3/4 cup water if the soup is too thick. Ladle into bowls and garnish with cheese.
Our Favorite Recipes
- Red, White and Blueberries
- Easy Peasy Peanut Butter Cookies
- Chocolate Pudding Pie
- Kiss Pockets
- Chocolate Pistachio Fudge
- Bird's Nest Cookies
- Whoopie Pies
- Mini Cheeseburger Cookies
- Pumpkin Cookies
- Chocolate Cheesecake
- Rhubarb Pie
- Mini Cheesecakes
- Chocolate Chip Cookie Bars
- Mac n Cheese
- Cheddar Broccoli Soup
- Grilled Orange Croissant French Toast
- Stuffed French Toast
- Spinach Quiche
- Eggs in a Ham Basket
- Blueberry Lemon French Toast
- Tuscan Scrambled Eggs
- Cinnamon Swirl Pancakes
- Angel Food Trifle with Lime Raspberry
- Grilled Blueberry Muffins
- Peachy Upside Down Cake
- Bacon-Cheddar Pinwheels
- Blueberry Breakfast Cake
- Three Bite Apple Turnovers
- Freeport Chocolate Bread Pudding
- Key Lime Wiggles
- Chocolate panna cotta
- Lemon Tart
- Grape Cake
- Pear and Strawberry Salad
- Autumn Poached Pears
- Cranberry Scones
- Strawberry-stuffed French Toast
- Mushroom, Tomato and Basil Frittata

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Wild live Refuge of Curu is the best place in the Nicoya Peninsula to see many different species of animals such as; howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), white face monkeys (Cebus capucinus), and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi).
Wild Life Refuge of Curu
Departure: 7:00 am – Back: 1:00 pm
Price: $75 per person
Minimum: 2 pax
Transport from Mal Pais / Santa Teresa or Montezuma (Minivan a/c).
Park fee.
Beverages Naturalist Guide (Spanish, English or Deutsch).
Included: * Private Round Trip Transportation. * Wild Refuge entrance fee. * Drinks – Fruits – Water. * Binoculars * Bilingual Naturist Guide. (English – German – Spanish)
Tel: 011(506) 8849-8569 (Costa Rica)Fax – Costa Rica: 011(506) 2642-0891Fax – New York: (646) 417-5171Fax – Los Angeles: (213) 402-3893 Skype: traveltocr
This tour is for nature lovers.
The refuge is 1.496 hectares; with deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, mangroves and estuaries, beaches, marine habitats, grasslands and plantations.
Generalities: Where is Curu
Curú National Wildlife Refuge and Hacienda is located on the southern Nicoya Peninsula of northwestern Costa Rica. The area is teaming with abundant wildlife and hosts one of the most beautiful beaches and protected bays on the Nicoya Peninsula. The area offers easy access to seeing some of the most sought after species such as White-faced monkeys, Howler monkeys, Spider Monkeys, Scarlet Macaws, White-tailed Deer, Collared Peccary, Coati, Raccoons, Coyotes, Iguanas, and hundreds of species of tropical and migratory birds. The Wildlife Refuge Curú contains Costa Rica's first private National Wildlife Refuge and is an example of a successful sustainable development program. The hacienda still includes low levels of cattle grazing and produces tropical fruits such as mangos on an annual basis; however, tourism and visitation by school groups and researchers are the focus of Curú today. Curú National Wildlife Refuge and Hacienda is managed sustainably to produce a profit and local employment, while also protecting its threatened and endangered forested habitats such as mangroves, tropical moist and dry forests, and coral reefs.
The macaws are seen on a daily basis within the wildlife refuge and are frequently sighted foraging on beach almonds along Curú's pristine beach and in the more open areas of the wildlife refuge where their favorite food resources are found. Future releases will be conducted in hopes of establishing a viable population in the area.
Despite many excellent studies on the ecology of wintering Neotropical migrants, we really understand very little of the complex web of interactions among these species, the resident species, and their environments. Even less is known about the demographics of birds in the Neotropics and about the vital rates (productivity and survival) that drive those demographics. The Institute for Bird Populations is committed to furthering the understanding of how climate, weather, and habitat characteristics, and their interrelationships, influence the ecology and demographics of both migratory and resident Neotropical birds. Our ultimate goal, however, is to utilize this understanding to help formulate management and conservation strategies for reversing the population declines of Neotropical birds.
At Curú Wildlife Refuge and Hacienda, a MoSI station is operated in the mangroves near Sendero Laguna. In its first year of operation (2003/2004) 339 birds were captured, 148 neotropical migrant birds of 22 species were banded, and 102 species of birds were documented using the mangroves. Four more years of monitoring will be conducted at Curú between 2004 and 2008.
We thank the staff and management of Curú for facilitating this research; funding was provided in part by The Canadian Wildlife Service, The Institute for Bird Populations, and private donations. John Woodcock, Maureen Woodcock, Alejandro Solano Ugalde, and Augustina Arcos donated their time to make this project a success.
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Dezso by Sara Beltran
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Inspired by Saraâs fascination with aquatic life, these 18k pink gold petite shark fin earrings feature deep blue opals reminiscent of the ocean.
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Total-Body Irradiation and Fludarabine Phosphate Followed by Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Hematologic Malignancies or Kidney Cancer
This study is ongoing, but not recruiting participants.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 7, 2001
Last updated: December 17, 2014
Last verified: December 2014
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
Study Status: | This study is ongoing, but not recruiting participants. |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | No date given |
Primary Completion Date: | September 2004 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |


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The Official Website of Run-DMC
Posted at April 15, 2014
Win a DMC autographed copy of issue zero! Repost this image on your Instagram account with #DMCMakesComics and @DMCMakesComics and a lucky winner will be selected at random. Contest ends May 1, 2014 and includes free shipping anywhere in the world!
Posted at October 17, 2013
Posted at August 10, 2013
This speech is my recital. I think it's very vital, To rock a rhyme That's right on time and Tricky is the title.


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Feeding and oviposition rates in the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 15301696 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Feeding and oviposition in the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus) were monitored under laboratory conditions in two long-term experiments lasting over an extended breeding season. Data were also collected from weevils under semi-natural conditions outdoors. In addition, the effects of crowding and starvation were studied in separate experiments. During the main peak oviposition period, female H. abietis consumed 50% more bark tissue than males. When oviposition ceased, the feeding rate of the females declined to the same level as in the males. The rates and spatial distribution patterns of oviposition and feeding were clearly affected by climatic conditions and the degree of crowding. Females were estimated to lay on average 0.8 eggs per day during the season under outdoor conditions. The realized fecundity of a female weevil during the first season was estimated to be approximately 70 eggs. The estimated average rate of feeding was 23 mm2 of Scots pine bark per weevil per day. This implies that planted seedlings can only constitute a minor part of the food resources needed to sustain H. abietispopulations of the size that usually appear on fresh clear-cuttings in northern Europe. |
H Bylund; G Nordlander; H Nordenhem |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
Journal Detail:
Title: Bulletin of entomological research Volume: 94 ISSN: 0007-4853 ISO Abbreviation: Bull. Entomol. Res. Publication Date: 2004 Aug |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 2004-08-10 Completed Date: 2004-09-30 Revised Date: 2006-11-15 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 2984715R Medline TA: Bull Entomol Res Country: England |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 307-17 Citation Subset: IM |
Department of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. firstname.lastname@example.com |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Animal Feed Animals Beetles / growth & development, metabolism, physiology* Breeding Eating* Female Male Oviposition / physiology* Population Density Seasons Starvation |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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A very thin woman with huge breasts.
Beth was so this she looked like tits on a stick.
Leon tərəfindən
27 Fevral 2003
1 more definition
something which is just perfect, used to describe a particularly good event or thing, similar to describing something as the dog's bollox
Sé won $50 on the lotto and said, well that's just tits on a stick
Sé tərəfindən
12 Yanvar 2004


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A study of arctic crystals found in Greenland has given a boost to the theory that the earth was covered by oceans as far back as four billion years ago.
The research by Australian and Swedish geochronologists also sheds light on the processes that formed the continents and crust in the Archaen Era between 2.5 and four billion years ago.
Scientists believe because of weathering and recycling of the earth's crust by subduction into the mantle, most of the rocks of that era have been lost. However, clues are preserved in the ancient isotopic signatures of chemicals in crystals called zircons, said the researchers.
They found the evidence from sandstones in the Moraeneso Formation in North Greenland, which confirms the presence of oceans on the early earth, the CBS News reported.
The researchers, led by Chris Kirkland from the Western Australian Department of Mines and Petroleum, analysed the ratio of heavy to light isotopes of oxygen in zircons ranging from 900 million to 3.9 billion years old. They compared this isotopic ratio to the current average isotopic ratio of oceans called the "standard mean ocean water".
"The nice thing is there is one grain that confirms the Jack Hills results and that is really critical in science," said study co-author Martin Van Kranendonk, also from the Department of Mines and Petroleum.
A research on zircons from Jack Hills in Western Australia in 2005 had first suggested the existence of an ocean four billion years ago.
"Before we only had that data from one locality, now we have the same result literally from the other side of the world," said Van Kranendonk.
The isotopic composition of this grain shows that it must have been altered by low temperature, near surface conditions, which points to weathering by liquid water, he said.
"Rain is probably not enough to give this sort of a signature because we are dealing with large areas of exposed rocks and they have been significantly altered (by weathering).
"The volume of water must have been significant."
Since subduction is needed to drag water into the crust, the finding also confirms that plate tectonics — the cycling of the Earth's crust — was happening at this time, albeit in a different way, said the researchers.
According to them, the evidence points to a weaker, hotter crust sinking at a shallower angle into the underlying mantle.
The research, published in the current issue of the journal Lithosphere, also confirms a suspected shift in the composition of the Earth's crust 2.5 billion years ago.
"We think this oxygen isotope value shows changes in the style of continental crust, and reflects the continents getting stiffer," added Van Kranendonk.
Keywords: ocean study, Archaen Era, geochronology, Moraeneso Formation


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During 2003, there were 14 major earthquakes (those of moment magnitude [Mw] 7.0 –7.9) and one great earthquake (Mw 8.0 or higher). On December 26 the deadliest earthquake of the year (Mw6.6) struck southeastern Iran, killing at least 26,000 people and injuring a comparable number. The city of Bam was hardest hit, with 85% of buildings damaged or destroyed. Another earthquake (Mw 6.8) with a high death toll rocked northern Algeria on May 21, taking more than 2,200 lives and injuring at least 10,200. Other earthquakes with significant fatalities occurred on January 22 (Mw 7.6) in Colima state, Mex.; February 24 (Mw 6.4) in southern Xinjiang province, China; and May 1 (Mw 6.4) in eastern Turkey. The great earthquake of the period (Mw 8.3) struck the southeastern Hokkaido region of Japan on September 25; because its epicentre was about 60 km (40 mi) offshore, injuries and damage were comparatively light.
Old observations regarding the connections between earthquakes and hydrology were discussed in new ways during the year. For instance, it had long been regarded as little more than scientific curiosities that after big earthquake tremors, nearby streams sometimes flowed more rapidly for a few days and wells located thousands of kilometres away showed permanent falls or rises in water levels. In a review of recent research on the hydrologic effects of earthquake-caused crustal deformation and ground shaking, Michael Manga of the University of California, Berkeley, and David Montgomery of the University of Washington suggested that in some instances of stream-flow surges following earthquakes, shallow seismic waves pass through groundwater-sodden soil, shaking and compacting it and squeezing the water into streams. In cases of wells drilled into solid bedrock, the researchers described how seismic waves can riddle the rock with fractures, whereupon water seeps in and well-water levels drop. In cases of wells drilled into aquifers made of unconsolidated deposits, seismic waves can compact the deposits and shrink the aquifer volume, pushing the water table upward. Manga and Montgomery concluded that the complex interactions between earthquakes and hydrologic systems offered unique opportunities for learning more about the workings of both.
An important event in seismological research was the initiation of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD), a 3.9-km (2.4-mi)-deep instrumented borehole through California's infamous San Andreas Fault Zone, where the Pacific and North American tectonic plates are slowly slipping past each other. Sited on private land near Parkfield, Calif., the hole would begin on the western (Pacific) side of the fault, descend vertically and then angle to the east, and eventually pierce the fault zone to end on the eastern (North American) side. It would enable scientists to install sensitive seismometers and other instruments in the fault zone to monitor seismic activity and real-time changes in rock deformation, temperature, fluid pressure, and other physical and chemical properties that occur prior to earthquakes. The findings were expected to shed new light on exactly how earthquakes work.
The year was exciting for earth scientists in Italy, considered to be the "cradle of volcanology." Stromboli Island's volcano erupted with a once-in-a-century level of intensity on April 5, showering parts of the coastline with scoria and blocks up to 2 m (about 61/2 ft) in diameter but causing no human fatalities. The event was part of an unusual series of violent eruptions that had begun in December 2002. Sicily's Mt. Etna experienced major flank eruptions between October 2002 and January 2003. Lava flows destroyed ski facilities on northern and southern slopes of the volcano and near-continuous ash falls plagued two regional airports for a period of six weeks. Other significant eruptions occurred in Ecuador (Reventador), Montserrat (Soufrière Hills), Guatemala (Fuego), and the Mariana Islands (Anatahan).
A vast province lies beneath the deep ocean waters in which Earth's crust is continually renewed by volcanism and hydrothermal activities along the mid-oceanic ridge systems. Following planning meetings and workshops attended by more than 300 scientists engaged in a range of specialties in geophysics, geology, biology, chemistry, and oceanography, an integrated initiative, RIDGE 2000, was launched in late 2001 under the auspices of the U.S. National Science Foundation. The focus of the effort was "a comprehensive, integrated understanding of the relationships among the geological and geophysical processes of planetary renewal on oceanic spreading centers and the seafloor and subseafloor ecosystems that they support," and it involved far-reaching collaboration between scientists to develop whole-system models through exploration, mapping, and sampling at a limited number of representative sites.
As of 2003 three sites had been designated for the initial integrated studies: the 8°–11° N segment of the East Pacific Rise, off Central America; the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, in the eastern Pacific Ocean off Vancouver Island, B.C.; and a segment of the East Lau Spreading Center in the Lau Basin in the western Pacific, near Fiji. Among the fundamental questions to be addressed were the relationships between mantle flow, mantle composition, and morphology and segmentation of the mid-oceanic ridges; the organization of the flow of magma in the mantle and crust underlying the seafloor; the effects of biological activity, particularly that of microorganisms, on the chemistry of hydrothermal vents and hydrothermal circulation; and the role of hydrothermal flow in influencing the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the biosphere from deep in the seafloor to the overlying water column.
A highlight of research related to the second question, concerning the distribution and transport of melt in the oceanic crust, was a seismic tomography study carried out by Douglas Toomey and Laura Magde of the University of Oregon and co-workers. By processing velocity data from seismic waves in a way similar to the processing of X-ray data in medical tomography, they produced vivid three-dimensional images of the magma "plumbing system" in the crust below a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.