text:
definición de Cnut the Great (Wikipedia)
Publicidad ▼
Cnut | |
Coin of Cnut the Great from the British Museum | |
Reign | 1018–1035 |
Predecessor | Harald II of Denmark |
Successor | Harthacnut |
Reign | 1016–1035 |
Coronation | 6 January 1017 (London) |
Predecessor | Edmund |
Successor | Harold |
Reign | 1028–1035 |
Predecessor | Olaf Haraldsson |
Successor | Magnus Olafsson |
Reign | 1026–1030 |
Predecessor | Anund Jacob |
Successor | Anund Jacob |
Spouse | Ælfgifu of Northampton Emma of Normandy |
Issue | |
Svein Knutsson, King of Denmark Harold, King of England Harthacnut, King of England Gunhilda, Holy Roman Empress |
House | House of Denmark |
Father | Sweyn Forkbeard |
Mother | Świętosława / Sigrid the Haughty[1] |
Born | c. 985 – c. 995 Denmark |
Died | 12 November 1035 England (Shaftesbury, Dorset) |
Burial | Old Minster, Winchester. Bones now in Winchester Cathedral |
Cnut the Great[2] (Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki;[3] c. 985 or 995 – 12 November 1035), also known as Canute, was a king of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden. Though after the death of his heirs within a decade of his own and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, his legacy was largely lost to history, historian Norman F. Cantor has made the paradoxical statement that he was "the most effective king in Anglo-Saxon history".[4]
Cnut was of Danish and Slavic descent. His father was Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark (which gave Cnut the patronym Sweynsson, Old Norse Sveinsson). Cnut's mother was the daughter of the first duke of the Polans, Mieszko I; her name may have been Świętosława (see: Sigrid Storråda),[5][6][7] but the Oxford DNB article on Cnut states that her name is unknown.[8]
As a prince of Denmark, Cnut won the throne of England in 1016 in the wake of centuries of Viking activity in northwestern Europe. His accession to the Danish throne in 1018 brought the crowns of England and Denmark together. Cnut held this power-base together by uniting Danes and Englishmen under cultural bonds of wealth and custom, rather than sheer brutality. After a decade of conflict with opponents in Scandinavia, Cnut claimed the crown of Norway in Trondheim in 1028. The Swedish city Sigtuna was held by Cnut.[9] He had coins struck which called him king there, but there is no narrative record of his occupation.
The kingship of England of course lent the Danes an important link to the maritime zone between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, where Cnut like his father before him had a strong interest and wielded much influence among the Gall-Ghaedhil.[10]
Cnut's possession of England's dioceses and the continental Diocese of Denmark – with a claim laid upon it by the Holy Roman Empire's Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen – was a source of great leverage within the Church, gaining notable concessions from Pope Benedict VIII, and his successor John XIX, such as one on the price of the pallium of his bishops. Cnut also gained concessions on the tolls his people had to pay on the way to Rome from other magnates of medieval Christendom, at the coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor. After his 1026 victory against Norway and Sweden, and on his way to Rome for this coronation, Cnut, in a letter written for the benefit of his subjects, stated himself "king of all England and Denmark and the Norwegians and of some of the Swedes".[11]
Cnut was a son of the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard, and the heir to a line of Scandinavian rulers central to the unification of Denmark.[12] Harthacnut was the semi-legendary founder of the Danish royal house at the beginning of the tenth century, and his son, Gorm the Old, was the first in the official line (the 'Old' in his name being to this effect). Harald Bluetooth, Gorm's son and Cnut's grandfather, was the Danish king at the time of the Christianization of Denmark. He was the first Scandinavian king to accept Christianity.
Cnut's mother's precise identity is unknown, although it is likely that she was a Slavic princess, daughter to Mieszko I of Poland (in accord with the Monk of St Omer's, Encomium Emmae[5] and Thietmar of Merseburg's contemporary Chronicon[6]).[7] Norse sources of the high medieval period, most prominently Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla, also give a Polish princess as Cnut's mother, whom they call Gunhild and a daughter of Burislav, the king of Vindland.[13] Since in the Norse sagas the king of Vindland is always Burislav, this is reconcilable with the assumption that her father was Mieszko (not his son Bolesław). Adam of Bremen in Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum is unique in equating Cnut's mother (for whom he also produces no name) with the former queen of Sweden, wife of Eric the Victorious and by this marriage mother of Olof Skötkonung.[14] To complicate the matter, Heimskringla and other Sagas also have Sweyn marrying Eric's widow, but she is distinctly another person in these texts, by name of Sigrid the Haughty, whom Sweyn only marries after Gunhild, the Slavic princess who bore Cnut, has died.[15] Different theories regarding the number and ancestry of Sweyn's wives (or wife) have been brought forward (see Sigrid the Haughty and Gunhild). But since Adam is the only source to state the identity of Cnut's with Olof Skötkonung's mother, this is often seen as an error of Adam, and it is often assumed that Sweyn had two wives, the first being Cnut's mother, and the second being the former queen of Sweden.
Cnut's brother Harald was the first born and crown prince.
Some hint of Cnut's childhood can be found in the Flateyjarbók, a 13th-century source, stating at one point that Cnut was taught his soldiery by the chieftain Thorkell the Tall,[16] brother to Sigurd, Jarl of mythical Jomsborg, and the legendary Joms, at their Viking stronghold on the Island of Wollin, off the coast of Pomerania. His date of birth, like his mother's name, is unknown. Contemporary works such as the Chronicon and the Encomium Emmae, do not mention it. Even so, in a Knútsdrápa by the skald Óttarr svarti, there is a statement that Cnut was "of no great age" when he first went to war.[17] It also mentions a battle identifiable with Forkbeard's invasion of England, and attack on the city of Norwich, in 1003/04, after the St. Brice's Day massacre of Danes by the English, in 1002. If it is the case that Cnut was part of this, his birthdate may be near 990, or even 980. If not, and the skald's poetic verse envisages another assault, with Forkbeard's conquest of England in 1013/14, it may even suggest a birth date nearer 1000.[18] There is a passage of the Encomiast's (as the author of the Encomium Emmae is known) with a reference to the force Cnut led in his English conquest of 1015/16. Here (see below) it says all the Vikings were of "mature age" under Cnut "the king".
A description of Cnut can be found within the 13th-century Knýtlinga saga:
Knut was exceptionally tall and strong, and the handsomest of men, all except for his nose, that was thin, high-set, and rather hooked. He had a fair complexion none-the-less, and a fine, thick head of hair. His eyes were better than those of other men, both the handsomer and the keener of their sight.
Hardly anything is known for sure of Cnut's life until the year he was part of a Scandinavian force under his father, King Sweyn; with his invasion of England in summer 1013. It was the climax to a succession of Viking raids spread over a number of decades. With their landing in the Humber[21] the kingdom fell to the Vikings quickly, and near the end of the year King Aethelred fled to Normandy, leaving Sweyn in possession of England. In the winter, Forkbeard was in the process of consolidating his kingship, with Cnut left in charge of the fleet, and the base of the army at Gainsborough.
On the death of Forkbeard after a few months as king, on Candlemas Sunday 3 February 1014,[22] Harald succeeded him as King of Denmark, while Cnut was immediately elected king by the Vikings, and the people of the Danelaw.[23] However, the English nobility took a different view, and the Witenagemot recalled Aethelred from Normandy. The restored king swiftly led an army against Cnut, who fled with his army to Denmark, along the way mutilating the hostages they had taken and abandoning them on the beach at Sandwich.[24] Cnut went to Harald and supposedly made the suggestion they might have a joint kingship, although this found no favour with his brother.[23] Harald is thought to have offered Cnut command of his forces for another invasion of England, on the condition he did not continue to press his claim.[23] In any case, Cnut was able to assemble a large fleet with which to launch another invasion.[24]
Among the allies of Denmark was Boleslaw the Brave, the Duke of Poland and a relative to the Danish royal house. He lent some Polish troops,[25] likely to have been a pledge made to Cnut and Harald when, in the winter, they "went amongst the Wends" to fetch their mother back to the Danish court. She had been sent away by their father after the death of the Swedish king Eric the Victorious in 995, and his marriage to Sigrid the Haughty, the Swedish queen mother. With this wedlock there was a strong alliance between the successor to the throne of Sweden, Olof Skötkonung, and the rulers of Denmark, his in-laws.[25] Swedes were certainly among the allies in the English conquest. Another in-law to the Danish royal house, Eiríkr Hákonarson, was Trondejarl (Earl of Lade) and the co-ruler of Norway, with his brother Svein Hakonarson – Norway having been under Danish sovereignty since the Battle of Svolder, in 999. Eiríkr's participation in the invasion left his son Hakon to rule Norway, with Svein.
In the summer of 1015, Cnut's fleet set sail for England with a Danish army of perhaps 10,000 in 200 longships.[26] Cnut was at the head of an array of Vikings from all over Scandinavia. The invasion force was to engage in often close and grisly warfare with the English for the next fourteen months. Practically all of the battles were fought against Aethelred's son, Edmund Ironside.
According to the Peterborough manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, early in September 1015 "[Cnut] came into Sandwich, and straightway sailed around Kent to Wessex, until he came to the mouth of the Frome, and harried in Dorset and Wiltshire and Somerset",[27] beginning a campaign of an intensity not seen since the days of Alfred the Great.[28] A passage from Emma's Encomium provides a picture of Cnut's fleet:
[T]here were so many kinds of shields, that you could have believed that troops of all nations were present. ... Gold shone on the prows, silver also flashed on the variously shaped ships. ... For who could look upon the lions of the foe, terrible with the brightness of gold, who upon the men of metal, menacing with golden face, ... who upon the bulls on the ships threatening death, their horns shining with gold, without feeling any fear for the king of such a force? Furthermore, in this great expedition there was present no slave, no man freed from slavery, no low-born man, no man weakened by age; for all were noble, all strong with the might of mature age, all sufficiently fit for any type of fighting, all of such great fleetness, that they scorned the speed of horsemen.
Wessex, long ruled by the dynasty of Alfred and Aethelred, submitted to Cnut late in 1015, as it had to his father two years earlier.[28] At this point Eadric Streona, the Ealdorman of Mercia, deserted Aethelred together with 40 ships and their crews and joined forces with Cnut.[29] Another defector was Thorkell the Tall, a Jomsviking chief who had fought against the Viking invasion of Sweyn Forkbeard, with a pledge of allegiance to the English in 1012[28] – some explanation for this shift of allegiance may be found in a stanza of the Jómsvíkinga saga which mentions two attacks against Jomsborg's mercenaries while they were in England, with a man known as Henninge among their casualties, a brother of Thorkell's.[30] If the Flateyjarbók is correct in its statement this man was Cnut's childhood mentor, it explains his acceptance of his allegiance – with Jomvikings ultimately in the service of Jomsborg. The 40 ships Eadric came with, often thought to be of the Danelaw[30] were probably Thorkell's.[31]
Early in 1016, the Vikings crossed the Thames and harried Warwickshire, while Aethelred's eldest son Edmund Ironside's attempts at opposition seem to have come to nothing – the chronicler says the English army disbanded because the king and the citizenry of London were not present.[28] Cnut's mid-winter assault devastated its way northwards across eastern Mercia. Another summons of the army brought the Englishmen together, and they were met this time by the king although 'it came to nothing as so often before', and Aethelred returned to London with fears of betrayal.[28] Edmund then went north to join Uhtred the Earl of Northumbria and together harried Staffordshire, Shropshire and Cheshire in western Mercia,[32] possibly targeting the estates of Eadric Streona. Cnut's occupation of Northumbria meant Uhtred returned home to submit himself to Cnut[33] who seems to have sent a Northumbrian rival, Thurbrand the Hold, to massacre Uhtred and his retinue. Eiríkr Hákonarson, most likely with another force of Scandinavians, came to support Cnut at this point,[34] and the veteran Norwegian jarl was put in charge of Northumbria.
In London, still unsubdued behind its famous walls, Edmund was elected king after the death of Aethelred on 23 April 1016.
Cnut returned southward and the Danish army evidently divided, some dealing with Edmund – who had broken out of London before Cnut's encirclement of the city was complete and gone to gather an army in Wessex, the traditional heartland of the English monarchy – some besieging London – with the construction of dikes on the northern and southern flanks and a channel dug across the banks of the Thames to the south of the city for the longships to cut off communications up-river.
There was a battle fought at Penselwood, in Somerset – with a hill in Selwood Forest as the likely location[32] – and a subsequent battle at Sherston, in Wiltshire, which was fought over two days but left neither side victorious.[35]
Edmund was able to temporarily relieve London, driving the enemy away and defeating them after crossing the Thames at Brentford.[32] Suffering heavy losses he withdrew to Wessex to gather fresh troops, and the Danes again brought London under siege, but after another unsuccessful assault themselves withdrew into Kent under attack by the English, with a battle fought at Otford. At this point Eadric Streona went over to Edmund,[36] and Cnut set sail northwards across the sea to Essex, and from the landing of the ships up the River Orwell went to ravage Mercia.[32]
On 18 October 1016, as the Danes retired towards their ships they were engaged by Edmund's army, leading to the Battle of Assandun, the site of which may have been either Ashingdon, in south-east, or Ashdon, in north-west Essex. In the ensuing struggle, Eadric Streona, whose return to the English side had perhaps only been a ruse, withdrew his forces from the fray, bringing about a decisive English defeat.[37] Edmund fled westwards and Cnut went after him into Gloucestershire, with another battle probably fought near the Forest of Dean – for Edmund had an alliance with some of the Welsh.[32]
Through intermediaries Cnut and Edmund agreed to come to a negotiated settlement, and on an island near Deerhurst they made peace, dividing the kingdom between them. All of England north of the Thames was to be the domain of the Danish prince, while all to the south was kept by the English king, along with London. Edmund died on 30 November, within weeks of the agreement. The circumstances of his death are unknown.[38] In accord with his treaty with Ironside, Cnut was left as king of all England. His coronation was in London, at Christmas, with recognition by the nobility in January the next year at Oxford.[39]
Cnut was to rule England for almost twenty years. The protection he lent against Viking raiders – with many of them under his command – restored the prosperity that had been increasingly impaired since the resumption of Viking attacks in the 980s. The resources he commanded in England helped him to establish control of the majority of Scandinavia too.[40]
In July 1017, Cnut wed Emma of Normandy, the widow of Aethelred, and daughter of Richard the Fearless, the first Duke of Normandy. With Edmund dead, Cnut was quick to eliminate any prospective challenge from the survivors of the legitimate dynasty. The first year of his reign was marked by the executions of a number of English noblemen whom he considered suspect. Aethelred's son Eadwig fled from England but was killed on Cnut's orders.[41] Edmund Ironside's sons Edward and Edmund likewise fled abroad, Edward eventually to Hungary. Emma's sons by Aethelred, Edward the Confessor and Alfred Atheling went into exile among their relatives in Normandy. Cnut put forward Harthacnut, his son by Emma, to be his heir; Svein Knutsson and Harold Harefoot, his two sons from his marriage to Ælfgifu of Northampton, his handfast wife, were kept on the sidelines.
In 1018, having collected a Danegeld amounting to the colossal sum of £72,000 levied nationwide, with an additional £10,500 extracted from London, Cnut paid off his army and sent most of them home. He retained 40 ships and their crews as a standing force in England. An annual tax called heregeld (army payment) was collected through the same system Aethelred had instituted in 1012 to reward Scandinavians in his service[42]
Cnut extended the existing trend for multiple shires to be grouped together under a single ealdorman, dividing the country into four large administrative units whose geographical extent was based on the largest and most durable of the separate kingdoms which had preceded the unification of England. The officials responsible for these provinces were designated earls, a title of Scandinavian origin already in localised use in England which now everywhere replaced that of ealdorman. Wessex was initially kept under Cnut's personal control, while Northumbria went to Erik of Hlathir, East Anglia to Thorkell the Tall, and Mercia remained in the hands of Eadric Streona.[43]
This initial distribution of power was short-lived. The chronically treacherous Eadric was executed within a year of Cnut's accession.[41] Mercia passed to one of the leading families of the region, probably first to Leofwine, ealdorman of the Hwicce under Aethelred, but certainly soon to his son Leofric.[44] In 1021 Thorkel the Tall also fell from favour and was outlawed. Following the death of Erik in the 1020s, he was succeeded as Earl of Northumbria by Siward, whose grandmother,[citation needed] Estrid (married to Úlfr Thorgilsson), was Canut's sister. Bernicia, the northern part of Northumbria, was theoretically part of Erik and Siward's earldom but throughout Cnut's reign it effectively remained under the control of the English dynasty based at Bamburgh who had dominated the area at least since the early tenth century. They served as junior Earls of Bernicia under the titular authority of the Earl of Northumbria. By the 1030s Cnut's direct administration of Wessex had come to an end, with the establishment of an earldom under Godwin, an Englishman from a powerful Sussex family. In general, after an attempt to govern through his Scandinavian followers in the first years of his reign, Cnut reverted to reliance on the leading families of the existing English nobility.[citation needed]
At the Battle of Nesjar, in 1016, Olaf Haraldsson won the kingdom of Norway from the Danes. It was at some time after Eirkr left for England, and on the death of Svein while retreating to Sweden, maybe intent on returning to Norway with reinforcements, Erikr's son Hakon went to join his father and support Cnut in England too.
Cnut's brother Harald was possibly at Cnut's coronation, in 1016, with his return to Denmark, as its king, with part of the fleet, at some point thereafter. It is only certain, though, there was an entry of his name, alongside Cnut's, in confraternity with Christ Church, Canterbury,[45] in 1018. This, though, is not conclusive, for the entry may have been made in Harald's absence, by the hand of Cnut himself even, which means, while it is usually thought that Harald died in 1018, it is unsure if he was even alive to do this.[45] Entry of his brother's name in the Canterbury codex may have been Cnut's attempt to make his vengeance for Harald's murder good with the Church. Of course, this was maybe just a gesture for a soul to be under God's protection. There is evidence Cnut was in battle with pirates in 1018, with his destruction of the crews of thirty ships,[46] although it is unknown if this was off the English or Danish shores. He himself mentions troubles in his 1019 letter (to England, from Denmark), written as the King of England and Denmark. These events can be seen, with plausibility, to be in connection with the death of Harald. Cnut says he dealt with dissenters to ensure Denmark was free to assist England:[47]
King Cnut greets in friendship his archbishop and his diocesan bishops and Earl Thurkil and all his earls... ecclesiatic and lay, in England... I inform you that I will be a gracious lord and a faithfull observer of God's rights and just secular law. (He exhorts his ealdormen to assist the bishops in the maintenance of) God's rights... and the benefit of the people.
If anyone, ecclesiastic or layman, Dane or Englishman, is so presumptuous as to defy God's law and my royal authority or the secular laws, and he will not make amends and desist according to the direction of my bishops, I then pray, and also command, Earl Thurkil, if he can, to cause the evil-doer to do right. And if he cannot, then it is my will that with the power of us both he shall destroy him in the land or drive him out of the land, whether he be of high or low rank. And it is my will that all the nation, ecclesiatical and lay, shall steadfastly observe Edgar's laws, which all men have chosen and sworn at Oxford.
Since I did not spare my money, as long as hostility was threatening you, I with God's help have put an end to it. Then I was informed that greater danger was approaching us than we liked at all; and then I went myself with the men who accompanied me to Denmark, from where the greatest injury had come to us, and with God's help I have made it so that never henceforth shall hostility reach you from there as long as you support me rightly and my life lasts. Now I thank Almighty God for his help and his mercy, that I have settled the great dangers which were approaching us that we need fear no danger to us from there; but we may rekon on full help and deliverance, if we need it—Cnut's letter of 1019[48]
This section may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. (October 2010) |
Cnut was generally remembered as a wise and successful king of England, although this view may in part be attributable to his good treatment of the Church, keeper of the historic record. Accordingly, we hear of him, even today, as a religious man (see below), despite the fact that he was in an arguably sinful relationship, with two wives, and the harsh treatment he dealt his fellow Christian opponents.
Under his reign, Cnut brought together the English and Danish kingdoms, and the people saw a golden age of dominance across Scandinavia, as well as within the British Isles.[49] His campaigns abroad meant the tables of Viking supremacy were stacked in favour of the English, turning the prows of the longships towards Scandinavia. He reinstated the Laws of King Edgar to allow for the constitution of a Danelaw, and the activity of Scandinavians at large. He also reinstituted the extant laws with a series of proclamations to assuage common grievances brought to his attention. Two significant ones were: On Inheritance in case of Intestacy, and, On Heriots and Reliefs. He strengthened the currency, initiating a series of coins of equal weight to those being used in Denmark and other parts of Scandinavia. This meant the markets grew, and the economy of England was able to spread itself, as well as widen the scope of goods to be bought and sold.
In 1018, Harald II died and Cnut went to Denmark to affirm his succession to the Danish crown as Cnut II. In the 1019 letter (see above) he states his intentions to avert attacks against England. It seems there were Danes in opposition to him, and an attack he carried out on the Wends of Pomerania may have had something to do with this. In this expedition at least one of Cnut's English men, Godwin, apparently won the king's trust after a night-time raid he personally led against a Wendish encampment.
His hold on the Danish throne presumably stable, Cnut was back in England in 1020. Ulf Jarl, the husband of his sister Estrid Svendsdatter, was his appointee as regent of Denmark, with the entrustment of his young son by Queen Emma, Harthacnut, whom he had made the crown prince of his kingdom.
Thorkell the Tall's banishment in 1021 may be seen in relation to the attack on the Wends for the death of Olof Skötkonung in 1022, and the succession to the Swedish throne of his son, Anund Jacob, bringing Sweden into alliance with Norway. Thus, there was cause for a demonstration of Danish strength in the Baltic. Jomsborg, the legendary stronghold of the Jomsvikings, thought to be on an island off the coast of Pomerania, was probably the target of Cnut's expedition.[50] After this clear display of Cnut's intentions to dominate Scandinavian affairs, it seems Thorkell reconciled with Cnut in 1023.
When Olaf Haraldsson and Anund Jakob took advantage of Cnut's commitment to England and began to launch attacks against Denmark, Ulf gave the freemen cause to accept Harthacnut, still a child, as king. This was a ruse on Ulf's part since the role he had as the caretaker of Harthacnut consequently gave him the reign of the kingdom. Upon news of these events Cnut set sail for Denmark, to restore himself and deal with Ulf, who then got back in line. In a battle known as the Battle of the Helgeå, Cnut and his men fought the Norwegians and Swedes at the mouth of the river Helgea. 1026 is the likely date for the battle, and the apparent victory left Cnut as the dominant leader in Scandinavia. Ulf the usurper's realignment and participation in the battle did not, in the end, earn him Cnut's forgiveness. Some sources state, at a banquet in Roskilde, the brothers-in-law were playing chess when an argument arose between them, and the next day, Christmas of 1026, one of Cnut's housecarls, with his blessing, killed the jarl, in Trinity Church, the predecessor to Roskilde Cathedral.
His enemies in Scandinavia subdued, and apparently at his leisure, Cnut was able to accept an invitation to witness the accession of the Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II. He left his affairs in the north, and went from Denmark to the coronation of the King of the Romans, at Easter 1027, in Rome – a pilgrimage of considerable prestige for rulers of Europe in the Middle-Ages, to the heart of Christendom.
On the return journey his letter of 1027, like his letter of 1019, was written to inform his subjects in England of his intentions from abroad.[51] It is in this letter he proclaims himself 'king of all England and Denmark and the Norwegians and of some of the Swedes'.[11]
Consistent with his role as a Christian king, Cnut says he went to Rome to repent for his sins, pray for redemption and the security of his subjects, and negotiate with the Pope for a reduction in the costs of the pallium for English archbishops,[52] and for a resolution to the competition of the archdioceses of Canterbury, and Hamburg-Bremen, for superiority over the Danish dioceses. He also sought to improve the conditions for pilgrims, as well as merchants, on the road to Rome. In his own words:
... I spoke with the Emperor himself and the Lord Pope and the princes there about the needs of all people of my entire realm, both English and Danes, that a juster law and securer peace might be granted to them on the road to Rome and that they should not be straitened by so many barriers along the road, and harassed by unjust tolls; and the Emperor agreed and likewise King Robert who governs most of these same toll gates. And all the merchants confirmed by edict that my people, both merchants, and the others who travel to make their devotions, might go to Rome and return without being afflicted by barriers and toll collectors, in firm peace and secure in a just law.—Cnut's letter of 1027[53]
"Robert" in Cnut's text is probably a clerical error for Rudolph, the last ruler of an independent Kingdom of Burgundy. Hence, the solemn word of the Pope, the Emperor, and Rudolph, was given with the witness of four archbishops, twenty bishops, and 'innumerable multitudes of dukes and nobles'.[53] This suggests it was before the ceremonies were at an end.[53] It is without doubt Cnut threw himself into his role with zest.[54] His image as the just Christian king, statesman and diplomat, and crusader against unjustness, seems to be one with its roots in reality, as well as one he sought to project.
A good illustration of his status within Europe is the fact Cnut, and the King of Burgundy went alongside the emperor in the imperial procession,[55] and stood shoulder to shoulder with him on the same pedestal.[56] Cnut and the emperor, in accord with various sources,[56] took one another's company like brothers, for they were of a similar age. Conrad gave Cnut lands in the Mark of Schleswig—the land-bridge between the Scandinavian kingdoms and the continent—as a token of their treaty of friendship.[57] Centuries of conflict in this area between the Danes and the Germans was the cause for the construction of the Danevirke, from Schleswig, on the Schlei, an inlet of the Baltic Sea, to the North Sea.
His visit to Rome was a triumph. In the verse of Knútsdrápa, Sigvatr Þórðarson praises Cnut, his king, as being "dear to the Emperor, close to Peter".[58] In the days of Christendom, a king seen to be in favour with God could expect to be ruler over a happy kingdom.[58] He was surely in a stronger position, not only with the Church, and the people, but with the alliance with his southern rivals he was able to conclude his conflicts with his rivals in the north. His letter not only tells his countrymen of his achievements in Rome, but also of his ambitions within the Scandinavian world at his arrival home:
... I, as I wish to be made known to you, returning by the same route that I took out, am going to Denmark to arrange peace and a firm treaty, in the counsel of all the Danes, with those races and people who would have deprived us of life and rule if they could, but they could not, God destroying their strength. May he preserve us by his bounteous compassion in rule and honour and henceforth scatter and bring to nothing the power and might of all our enemies! And finally, when peace has been arranged with our surrounding peoples and all our kingdom here in the east has been properly ordered and pacified, so that we have no war to fear on any side or the hostility of individuals, I intend to come to England as early this summer as I can to attend to the equipping of a fleet.—Cnut's letter of 1027[53]
Cnut was to return to Denmark from Rome, arrange for some kind of pact with the peoples of Scandinavia,[11] and afterwards sail to England.
In the 1027 letter, Cnut considers himself King of all England and Denmark, and the Norwegians, and of some of the Swedes – victory over Swedes suggests Helgea to be the river in Uppland and not the one in eastern Scania, while Sweden's king appears to have been made a renegade.[59] He also stated his intention of proceeding to Denmark, for the securing of a peace between the kingdoms of Scandinavia, which fits John of Worcester's writing that in 1027 Cnut heard some Norwegians were discontented and sent them sums of gold and silver to gain their support in his claim on the throne.[11]
In 1028, after his return from Rome, through Denmark, Cnut set off from England with a fleet of fifty ships,[11][60] to Norway, and the city of Trondheim. Olaf Haraldsson stood down, unable to put up any fight, as his nobles were against him for a tendency to flay their wives for sorcery.[61] Cnut was crowned king, now of England and Denmark, and Norway (he was not King of Sweden, only some of the Swedes).[25] He entrusted the Earldom of Lade to the former line of earls, in Håkon Eiriksson, with Earl Eiríkr Hákonarson probably dead at this date.[62] Hakon was possibly the Earl of Northumbria after Erik too.[63]
Hakon, a member of a family with a long tradition of hostility towards the independent Norwegian kings, and a relative of Cnut's, was already in lordship over the Isles, with the earldom of Worcester, possibly from 1016–17. The sea-lanes through the Irish Sea and Hebrides, led to Orkney and Norway, and were central to Cnut's ambitions for dominance of Scandinavia, as well as the British Isles. Hakon was meant to be Cnut's lieutenant of this strategic chain. And the final component was his installation as the king's deputy in Norway, after the expulsion of Olaf Haraldsson in 1028. Hakon, though, died in a shipwreck in the Pentland Firth, between the Orkneys and the Scottish mainland, either late 1029 or early 1030.[64]
Upon the death of Hakon, Olaf Haraldsson was to return to Norway, with Swedes in his army. He, though, was to meet his death at the hands of his own people, at the Battle of Stiklestad, in 1030. Cnut's subsequent attempt to rule Norway without the key support of the Trondejarls, through Ælfgifu of Northampton, and his eldest son by her, Sweyn Knutsson, was not a success. It is known as Aelfgifu's Time in Norway, with heavy taxation, a rebellion, and the restoration of the former Norwegian dynasty under Saint Olaf's illegitimate son Magnus the Good.
At the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014—even as Cnut was preparing his re-invasion of England—there was an epic array of armies laid out on the fields before the walls of Dublin. Máel Mórda, king of Leinster, and Sigtrygg Silkbeard, ruler of the Norse-Gaelic kingdom of Dublin, had sent out emissaries to all the Viking kingdoms to request assistance in their rebellion against Brian Bóruma, the high king of Ireland. Sigurd the Stout, the Earl of Orkney, was offered command of all the Norse forces. Likewise, the High King had sought assistance from the Albannaich, who were led by Domhnall Mac Eiminn Mac Cainnich, Mormaer of Ce (Marr & Buchan).
The Leinster-Norse alliance was defeated, with both commanders, Sigurd and Máel Mórda, being killed. However, Brian, his son, his grandson, and the Mormaer Domhnall were slain too. Sigtrygg's alliance was broken, although he was left alive, and the high-kingship of Ireland went back to the Uí Néill, again under Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill.[21]
There was a brief period of freedom in the Irish Sea zone for the Vikings of Dublin with a political vacuum felt throughout the entire Western Maritime Zone of the North Atlantic Archipelago, and prominent among those who stood to fill it was Cnut, "whose leadership of the Scandinavian world gave him a unique influence over the western colonies and whose control of their commercial arteries gave an economic edge to political domination".[65] A strong piece of evidence for Dublin's involvement with Cnut is that its king, Sitric Silkbeard, struck coinage of Cnut's quatrefoil type—in issue c. 1017–25 – sporadically replacing the legend with one bearing his own name and styling him as ruler either 'of Dublin' or 'among the Irish'.[66] Another is the entry of one Sihtric dux in three of Cnut's charters.[67]
In one of his verses, Cnut's court poet Sigvatr Þórðarson recounts that famous princes brought their heads to Cnut and bought peace. This verse mentions Olaf Haraldsson in the past tense, with his death at the Battle of Stiklestad, in 1030. It was therefore at some point after this, and the consolidation of Norway, Cnut went to Scotland, with an army,[68] and the navy in the Irish Sea,[69] in 1031, to receive, without bloodshed, the submission of three Scottish kings: Maelcolm, Maelbeth, and Iehmarc.[70] One of these kings, Iehmarc, may be one Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, an Uí Ímair chieftain, and the ruler of a sea-kingdom of the Irish Sea,[55] with Galloway among his domains. Furtherly, a Lausavísa attributable to the skald Óttarr svarti greets the ruler of the Danes, Irish, English and Island-dwellers[71] – use of Irish here being likely to mean the Gall Ghaedil kingdoms, rather than the Gaelic kingdoms too, while it "brings to mind Sweyn Forkbeard's putative activities in the Irish Sea and Adam of Bremen's story of his stay with a rex Scothorum (? king of the Irish)[72] [&] can also be linked to... Iehmarc, who submitted in 1031 [&] could be relevant to Cnut's relations with the Irish".[69]
Cnut's actions as a Viking conqueror had made him uneasy with the Church. He was already a Christian before he was king – being named Lambert at his baptism[73][74] – although the Christianization of Scandinavia was not at all complete in his day. His ruthless treatment of the overthrown dynasty, as well as his open relationship with a concubine—Ælfgifu of Northampton, his handfast wife, whom he kept as his northern queen when he wed Emma of Normandy, confusingly also Ælfgifu in Old English, who was kept in the south, with an estate in Exeter— was a bone of contention, to say the least. It was important for him to reconcile himself with his churchmen, and he made considerable efforts to do so.[citation needed] In this effort Cnut repaired all the English churches and monasteries that were victims of the Viking love for plunder, and refilled their coffers. He also built new churches and was an earnest patron of monastic communities. His homeland of Denmark was a Christian nation on the rise, and the desire to enhance the religion still fresh. As an example, the first stone church recorded to have been built in Scandinavia, was in Roskilde c. 1027, and its patron was Cnut's sister Estrid.[75]
It is hard to conclude if Cnut's attitude towards the Church came out of deep religious devotion, or merely as a means to reinforce his regime's hold on the people. There is evidence of a respect for the Viking religion in his praise poetry, which he was happy enough for his skalds to embellish in Norse mythology, while other Viking leaders were insistent on the rigid observation of the Christian line, like St Olaf.[76] We see too the desire for a respectable Christian nationhood within Europe. In 1018, some sources suggest he was at Canterbury on the return of its Archbishop Lyfing from Rome, to receive letters of exhortation from the Pope.[77] If this chronology is correct, he probably went from Canturbury to the Witan at Oxford, with Archbishop Wulfstan of York in attendance to record the event.[78]
Cnut's ecumenical gifts were widespread and often exuberant.[79] Commonly land was given, exemption from taxes, as well as relics. Christ Church was probably given rights at the important port of Sandwich as well as tax exemption, with confirmation in the placement of their charters on the altar,[78] while it got the relics of St Ælfheah,[80] which was at the displeasure of the people of London. Another see in the king's favour was Winchester, second only to the Canturbury see in terms of its wealth.[81] New Minster's Liber Vitae records Cnut as a benefactor of the monastery,[81] and the Winchester Cross, with 500 marks of silver and 30 marks of gold in, as well as relics of various saints[82] was given to it. Old Minster was the recipient of a shrine for the relics of St Birinus and the probable confirmation of its privileges.[81] The monastery at Evesham, with its Abbot Ælfweard purportedly a relative of the king through Ælfgifu the Lady (probably Ælfgifu of Northampton, rather than Queen Emma, also known as Ælfgifu), got the relics of St Wigstan.[83] Cnut's generosity towards his subjects, a thing his skalds called destroying treasure,[84] was of course popular with the English. Still, it is important to remember not all Englishmen were in his favour, and the burden of taxation was widely felt.[85] His attitude towards London's see was clearly not benign. The monasteries at Ely and Glastonbury were apparently not on good terms either. Other gifts were also given to his neighbours. Among these were a gift to Chartres, of which its bishop wrote, "When we saw the gift that you sent us, we were amazed at your knowledge as well as your faith ... since you, whom we had heard to be a pagan prince, we now know to be not only a Christian, but also a most generous donor to God's churches and servants".[81] He is known to have sent a psalter and sacramentary made in Peterborough, famous for its illustrations, to Cologne,[86] and a book written in gold, among other gifts, to William the Great of Aquitaine.[86] This golden book was apparently to support Aquitanian claims of St Martial, patron saint of Aquitaine, as an apostle.[87] Of some consequnce, its recipient was an avid artisan, scholar, and devout Christian, and the Abbey of Saint-Martial was a great library and scriptorium, second only to the one at Cluny. It is probable that Cnut's gifts were well beyond anything we can now prove.[86]
Cnut's journey to Rome in 1027 is another sign of his dedication to the Christian religion. It may be that he went to attend Emperor Conrad II's coronation in order to improve relations between the two powers, yet he had made a vow previously to seek the favour of St Peter, the keeper of the keys to the heavenly kingdom.[88] While in Rome, Cnut made an agreement with the Pope to reduce the fees paid by the English archbishops to receive their pallium. He also arranged that travelers from his realm should pay reduced or no tolls, and that they should be safeguarded on their way to and from Rome. Some evidence exists for a second journey in 1030.[89]
Cnut died in 1035, at the Abbey in Shaftesbury, Dorset. His burial was in Winchester, the English capital of the time, and stronghold of the royal house of Wessex, whom the Danes had overthrown more or less two decades before.
In Denmark he was succeeded by Harthacnut, reigning as Cnut III, although with a war in Scandinavia against Magnus I of Norway, Harthacnut was "forsaken (by the English) because he was too long in Denmark",[90] and his mother Queen Emma, previously resident at Winchester with some of her son's housecarls, was made to flee to Bruges, in Flanders; under pressure from supporters of Cnut's other son – after Svein – by Ælfgifu of Northampton. Harold Harefoot – regent in England 1035–37 – succeeded to claim the throne, in 1037, reigning until his death in 1040. Eventual peace in Scandinavia left Harthacnut free to claim the throne himself, in 1040, and regain his mother her place. He brought the crowns of Denmark and England together again, until his death, in 1042. Denmark fell into a period of disorder with the power struggle between the pretender to the throne Sweyn Estridsson, son of Ulf, and the Norwegian king, until Magnus' death in 1047 and restoration of the Danish sovereignty. And the inheritance of England was briefly to return to its Anglo-Saxon lineage.
The house of Wessex was to reign again in Edward the Confessor, whom Harthacnut had brought out of exile in Normandy and made a treaty with. Like in his treaty with Magnus, it was decreed the throne was to go to Edward if Harthacnut died with no legitimate male heir. In 1042, Harthacnut died, and Edward was king. His reign meant Norman influence at Court was on the rise thereafter, and the ambitions of its dukes finally found fruition in 1066, with William the Conqueror's invasion of England, and crowning, fifty years after Cnut was crowned in 1016.
Had the sons of Cnut not died within a decade of him, and his (only known) daughter Cunigund – set to marry Conrad II's son Henry III eight months after his death – not died in Italy before she became empress,[91] Cnut's reign might well have been the foundation for a complete political union between England and Scandinavia.[92]
The new regime of Normandy was keen to signal its arrival with an ambitious programme of grandiose cathedrals and castles throughout the High Middle Ages. Winchester Cathedral was built on the old Anglo-Saxon site (Old Minster) and the previous burials were set in mortuary chests there. Then, during the English Civil War, in the 17th century, plundering Roundhead soldiers scattered the bones on the floor, and the bones of Cnut were spread amongst the various other chests of rulers: notably William Rufus.[93]
+Said to have been a great-granddaughter of Cnut's grandfather Harald Bluetooth, but this was probably a fiction intended to give her a royal bloodline.
Henry of Huntingdon, the 12th-century chronicler, tells how Cnut set his throne by the sea shore and commanded the tide to halt and not wet his feet and robes. Yet "continuing to rise as usual [the tide] dashed over his feet and legs without respect to his royal person. Then the king leapt backwards, saying: 'Let all men know how empty and worthless is the power of kings, for there is none worthy of the name, but He whom heaven, earth, and sea obey by eternal laws.' He then hung his gold crown on a crucifix, and never wore it again "to the honour of God the almighty King".[95] This incident is usually misrepresented by popular commentators and politicians as an example of Cnut's arrogance.[96]
This story may be apocryphal. While the contemporary Encomium Emmae has no mention of it, it would seem that so pious a dedication might have been recorded there, since the same source gives an "eye-witness account of his lavish gifts to the monasteries and poor of St Omer when on the way to Rome, and of the tears and breast-beating which accompanied them".[54] Goscelin, writing later in the 11th century, instead has Cnut place his crown on a crucifix at Winchester one Easter, with no mention of the sea, and "with the explanation that the king of kings was more worthy of it than he".[54] Nevertheless, there may be a "basis of fact, in a planned act of piety"[54] behind this story, and Henry of Huntingdon cites it as an example of the king's "nobleness and greatness of mind."[95] Later historians repeated the story, most of them adjusting it to have Cnut more clearly aware that the tides would not obey him, and staging the scene to rebuke the flattery of his courtiers; and there are earlier Celtic parallels in stories of men who commanded the tides, namely Saint Illtud, Maelgwn, king of Gwynedd, and Tuirbe, of Tuirbe's Strand, in Brittany.[97]
The encounter with the waves is said to have taken place at Thorn-eye (Thorn Island), or Southampton in Hampshire. There were and are numerous islands so named, including at Westminster and Bosham in West Sussex, both places closely associated with Cnut. According to the House of Commons Information Office,[98] Cnut set up a Royal palace during his reign on Thorney Island (later to become known as Westminster) as the area was sufficiently far away from the busy settlement to the east known as London. It is believed that, on this site, Cnut tried to command the tide of the river to prove to his courtiers that they were fools to think that he could command the waves.[99] Conflictingly, a sign on Southampton city centre's Canute Road reads, "Near this spot AD 1028 Canute reproved his courtiers".[100][101]
The Old Norse catalogue of skalds known as Skáldatal lists eight skalds who were active at Cnut's court. Four of them, namely Sigvatr Þórðarson, Óttarr svarti, Þórarinn loftunga and Hallvarðr háreksblesi, composed verses in honour of Cnut which have survived in some form, while no such thing is apparent from the four other skalds Bersi Torfuson, Arnórr Þórðarson jarlaskáld (known from other works), Steinn Skaptason and Óðarkeptr (unknown). The principal works for Cnut are the three Knútsdrápur by Sigvatr Þórðarson, Óttarr svarti and Hallvarðr háreksblesi, and the Höfuðlausn and Tøgdrápa by Þórarinn loftunga. Cnut also features in two other contemporary skaldic poems, namely Þórðr Kolbeinsson's Eiríksdrápa and the anonymous Liðsmannaflokkr.
Cnut's skalds emphasize the parallelism between Cnut's rule of his earthly kingdom and God's rule of Heaven.[102] This is particularly apparent in their refrains. Thus the refrain of Þórarinn's Höfuðlausn translates to "Cnut protects the land as the guardian of Byzantium [God] [does] Heaven" and the refrain of Hallvarðr's Knútsdrápa translates to "Cnut protects the land as the Lord of all [does] the splendid hall of the mountains [Heaven]".[103] Despite the Christian message, the poets also make use of traditional pagan references and this is particularly true of Hallvarðr. As an example, one of his half-stanzas translates to "The Freyr of the noise of weapons [warrior] has also cast under him Norway; the battle-server [warrior] diminishes the hunger of the valcyrie's hawks [ravens]."[104] The skald here refers to Cnut as "Freyr of battle", a kenning using the name of the pagan god Freyr. References of this sort were avoided by poets composing for the contemporary kings of Norway but Cnut seems to have had a more relaxed attitude towards pagan literary allusions.[105]
Regnal titles | ||
Preceded by Edmund Ironside |
King of all England 1016–1035 |
Succeeded by Harold Harefoot |
Preceded by Harald II |
King of Denmark 1018–1035 |
Succeeded by Harthacnut |
Preceded by Olaf the Saint |
King of Norway 1028–1035 with Hákon Eiríksson (1028–1029) Sveinn Alfífuson (1030–1035) |
Succeeded by Magnus the Good |
Contenido de sensagent
Publicidad ▼
Investigaciones anteriores en el diccionario :
computado en 0,110s
Publicidad ▼


text:
Vac's Polo Bandages are guaranteed for best performance. With over 30 years experience, Vac's offers a 100% guarantee on these quality bandages. These polos will last over multiple uses and washings and are available in a wide variety of colors!
Made of long-wearing fleece, these flexible and soft Polo Wraps conform to your horse's legs and secure with hook-and-loop closures. Available in an array of classic colors. Set of four wraps.
Back on Track® Therapeutic No-Bow Leg Wraps are embedded with ceramic particles that reflect body heat in the form of infrared waves to increase circulation and stimulate healing. These therapeutic leg wraps help soothe muscle and joint pain.
Made in the USA, the EquiFit T-Sport Wrap™ features a unique combination of open-celled, no-latex foam and high-quality fabrics. These innovative leg wraps provide maximum compression and slip-free support while transferring heat out and away.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Classic Boxer Charging Version 3 Coming Soon!
The only book you'll need to understand and administer to your Boxer electrical needs. No Airhead owner should be without this classic! Color graphics, explicit photos, wiring diagrams (in color!) for every Boxer model 1970-1997. Keep your Boxer thump, thump, thumping along! Recently updated with all the latest wisdom.
Replica Horn for Slash 5 $24.95
This 12 volt horn bears a very close resemblance to the original Bosch horn found on the /5 models. It's 115mm in diameter instead of the original's 125mm, and has 2 terminals with a flat bracket for mounting. It sounds off loud and clear, perfect for restoring an original look to a /5 or adding some retro to any 1970 and later model.
Dual Horn Kit $41.95
Dress up your Cruiser or add big noise to your Boxer or K-Bike. These horns are made in Italy and look suspiciously like Fiamms. Sounds like 'em too. High and low tone, with relay and mounting brackets. Chrome bits are easily removed for the stealth look.
Kit comes with two horns and relay, 110db of BEEEEP.
Starter Relays
K-Bike $50.00 /5 thru /7 $10.00 1981-97 $20.00
Headlight Relays
/6 thru '84 $20.00 1985 and up Boxers $15.00
Turn Signal Relays
/6 & /7 to '84 $60.00 1981 thru '95 Boxers $15.00 1985 thru '98 K-Bikes $70.00
Oil Pressure Switches
/5 $8.00 /6 to 1997 Boxers $7.00 K-Bikes to Present $12.00
Brake Light Switches
1955 on Rear $25.00 K-bike Front or Rear $20.00 Others available on request...
These are rugged, German - made accessory sockets and plugs for almost any need imaginable. Superior materials and construction means you'll spend a lot less time trying to revive your favorite doodad, or lots fewer cold miles when the warm stuff quits because a cheap, flimsy connector part has failed - AGAIN.
Powerlet has become the name best known for the source of all the best in connectivity products . We stock the most universally needed Powerlet goodies shown below, and will be happy to source any of the rest of the extensive lineup visible on their website.
Waterproof, Locking S.A.E. Cigar Lighter Universal Power Plug & Socket $24.95 / set
These are very good quality, marine grade parts that lock together with a twist upon insertion. The double-lipped rubber seal on the plug keeps water out of the panel-mounted socket, which can be used with or without the mounting flange . A rubber cap seals the socket when not in use. The plug has a rubber wire seal and strain relief, an internal fuse accessed by unscrewing the metal tip, and a tiny green LED announces a powered condition.
Universal Accessory Plug $12.00
This is one part that is such a great solution, you'll wonder why it hasn't been done long ago. Finally, just one plug that fits 'em all - big, car-type cigarette lighter size sockets and the smaller BMW-sized accessory sockets that have been standard equipment for years. Very well made, with a proper strain relief for the cord, an internal fuse to protect delicate electronics in accessories, and a nice green LED to indicate powered status. Simply a must for your bike!
Accessory Plug and Socket
Socket $18, Plug $8
These are the real deal, not cheapo plastic ones that melt!
90 Degree Accessory Plug $10.00
This is a high-quality accessory plug that stays out of the way,preventing damage to the plug or socket. The right-angle provides easier routing for the wires that uses less length. It has a proper strain relief inside that captures the wires and keeps them from getting yanked out if snagged or pulled.
Accessory Socket $18.00
This power socket with spring-loaded cap has two flat terminals for easy connection . It fits a 18mm diameter hole,secures with a ring nut, and requires about 30mm depth clearance. Made in Germany, they're like the originals that come on the bike new.
'Mil-Spec' Accessory Socket $28.00
This is the perfect item for an industrial-grade GS-or maybe a tank. It's thick, machined aluminum with a tough plastic screw-on cap which you won't even be able to lose in the dark,since it's retained by a length of sturdy flat-link chain. (Don't ride down the road with it flailing in the breeze, though, since it might damage surrounding areas.) The cap has a full-width rubber gasket sealing the internals from the worst muck you'll ever ride through. Fits a hole 18mm in diameter,and needs about 30mm depth clearance.
Super Accessory Plug $12.00 (Fits our socket and original BMW accessory sockets )
This is a serious connector,for extreme reliability. The rubber boot provides water resistance and enough stiffness to support the wires inside. There's also an internal strain relief, so accidentally yanking the end off any cable with this one on it will be very hard.It's also big enough to find in the dark!
Battery Vent Catch Bottle $5.00
Attaches discreetly somewhere near the battery. Vent hose goes to the lower fitting, nothing but air gets up and out of the upper fitting. Much, much cheaper than new chrome and paint.
Fuses $0.25 each
Cylindrical 8amp, or Flat 7.5 or 15amp.


text:
1998 Chevrolet Cavalier
I have a 1998 Chevy cavalier and it has problems while turning left. It almost feels as if the axles slipping. When I make a left turn and turn my steering wheel all the way or most of the way it goes but then all the sudden you hear the engine working and revving up but no motion my car decelerates. But as soon as you turn the steering wheel back to straight it'll jolt forward because it has to catch up to the speed it was normally going.
November 27, 2012.
November 27, 2012.
Check out the related content below while we wait for the question to be answered by a professional mechanic.


text:
Looking for TV Help (new purchase)
View Single Post
Join Date: Jun 2004
Location: Sonoran Desert
Posts: 6,884
Re: Looking for TV Help (new purchase)
I just picked up a TV today at costco. I got the Sharp 46", because the 42" is online only. When I got it home though I quickly realized that it is simply too big for my usage
I'll hang on to it for a few days/weeks just to see if I can get used to it. I intend for it to be primarily for PC usage, so it just can't be too big. I've yet to try it on my PC; I'll try to do that tomorrow. Right now I am watching shows on my hdtivo and its pretty good. The picture is so sharp that if you sit close enough, you can see the borders of the tiles which result from mpeg-2 compression when you watch a 1080i source such as an over the air digital broadcast in perfect 1:1 scaling.
Originally Posted by
ad hoc
Just let me know of your particular requirements for some image captures.
Well if you still want to - just some shots showing the up close clarity, e.g. being close enough to see the pixel borders, normal viewing distance, and say a 135 degree angle.
Want to listen to audio without your computer going to sleep? Try
Core i7 2600k 4.4Ghz 1.385v | Corsair H60 | 8GB Corsair Vengeance 1600 8-8-8-24 | MSI P67A-G45 | OCZ Vertex 3 | Sapphire 7850 OC to Max settings
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Rakeesh


text:
Previous Page > Software Index > Ace Demonstration Tape - Worms. |
Full title | Ace Demonstration Tape - Worms |
Year of release | 1983 |
Publisher | Jupiter Cantab |
Producer / Author(s) | Jupiter Cantab |
Memory | 3 k |
Type | Demo Programs - game |
Original Cost | Supplied with the Ace when bought new. |
Instructions | |
4. Worms (another game)
Uses dictionary file 'worms', bytes file 'graphics'. Load by LOAD worms GET graphics GAME runs the game. You must imagine yourself to be some kind of voracious worm, living on nothing but chicken legs. Fortunately, in the universe you inhabit, chicken legs appear spontaneously now and again, and you just have to grab them before they disappear. You never stop moving. If you find yourself going in the wrong direction, press one of keys 5, 6, 7 and 8 to change to the direction of the arrow. Your nutrition score is displayed on the bottom left hand comer of the screen. Fresh chicken legs are more nourishing then stale ones. GO is similar to GAME, but without the chicken legs; stop it with BREAK. |
Downloads | Tap file | Ace snapshot file |
Blaze file | Wav file |
Screen shot
Tape inlay image
Cassette image:


text:
Don't Give In...God Wants You to Win!: Preparing for Victory in the Battle of Life - eBook
ChristianBook eBooks on nook
To read a Christianbook.com licensed eBook on your nook device, you will need to use Adobe Digital Editions.
Plug your nook into the computer and open Adobe Digital Editions.
If this is your first time plugging your nook into ADE, you will need to authorize your nook in order add eBooks.
Once plugged in, your nook will be displayed in the left column of Adobe Digital Editions under the Bookshelves.
When you've chose an eBook that you wish to add to your nook, click and drag the eBook over the nook icon and let go when you see the green plus symbol.
After you've added your eBooks to your nook, you can unplug the device from your computer and access your Library.
To access your Christianbook.com licensed eBooks, first click the orange "My Library" button on the nook home screen to access your eBooks.
Next, click on "View My Documents" at the bottom of your nook's navigation screen.
Use the arrows to browse and then click the circle on the right side to select your eBook.
You are now ready to enjoy your eBook!
Have questions about eBooks? Check out our eBook FAQs.
Product Description
Product Information
Format: DRM Protected ePub Vendor: Harvest House Publishers Publication Date: 2009 | ISBN: 9780736938815 ISBN-13: 9780736938815 Availability: In Stock |
Every day, Wells fixes her hair, putting on the helmet of salvation. She pads her bra, wearing the breastplate of righteousness, and she tightens her girdle, her belt of truth. She puts on her stomping shoes, exhibiting belief and praise. Lastly, she grabs her shield and her sword, declaring the truth of Gods Word. A daily battle rages for her soul, and for the soul of every human on earth. Wells writes that all struggles are symptoms of this war, and that Christians must fix their hair, pad their bras, tighten their belts, get ready to stomp, and wave Gods Word up high for everyone to see.
As Christians fight using Gods methods, which Wells explains in detail, they can fight confidently, knowing that Christ has already won the ultimate battle. Tough times dont last; tough people do (p. 125). Taking on the armor of God, and allowing God to transform their minds, Christians can recognize the lies of Satan and counter them with the truth of Christ.
Wells spends half her book preparing readers for her explanation of Gods armor. She covers topics including obedience to God, characteristics of the Holy Spirit that guides us, and trust in God. Some readers may find Wells chapters on the influence of demons controversial. Wells recounts her encounters with demonic spirits, and admonishes readers to remove things from their lives that may welcome demons. Overall, though, Dont Give In... God Wants YOU to Win provides sound, sometimes entertaining advice, living up to its title and helping readers to understand how they can win the battle of life with the help of God. Harmony Wheeler, www.ChristianBookPreviews.com
Author Bio
Product Reviews
ANGIE0402Cincinnati, OHAge: 35-44Gender: female5 Stars Out Of 5This is a great teaching series.February 2, 2012ANGIE0402Cincinnati, OHAge: 35-44Gender: femaleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5This review was written for Don't Give In: God Wants You to Win! Preparing for Victory in the Battle of Life.I used this teaching series in the workplace. Everyone loved it! Thelma teaches how to put on the armour of God and fight against the principalities. Her humor, humility, and compassion are phenominal. I highly recommend this for any type of small group setting.
Ask Christianbook
Ask Christianbook
Find Related Products
- Christian Living >> Holy Spirit >> Spiritual Warfare
- Christian Living >> Spirituality >> Overcoming Spiritual Challenges
- Download >> eBooks >> Christian Living >> Holy Spirit
- Download >> eBooks >> Christian Living >> Spirituality
- Download >> eBooks >> Personal Growth >> Humor
- Download >> eBooks >> Personal Growth >> Women's Issues
- eBooks >> Christian Living >> Holy Spirit >> Spiritual Warfare
- eBooks >> Christian Living >> Spirituality >> Overcoming Spiritual Challenges
- eBooks >> Personal Growth >> Humor
- eBooks >> Personal Growth >> Women's Issues
- Start A New Search


text:
Browser does not support script.
Results for search term: HIV/AIDS.
Professor Tony BarnettLSE Health; Department of Social PolicyExperience keywords: resilience; hope; Africa and Asia impact; security; HIV/AIDS; infectious diseases
Professor Catherine CampbellDepartment of Social Psychology; LSE HealthExperience keywords: sexuality; care and caring relationships; stigma; social development; education; public health and health promotion; social movements; 'social capital'; mental health; agency; capacity building; gender; HIV/AIDS; power and empowerment; partnerships; collective action; health-enabling schools; community participation; social exclusion and social inequalities - with particular attention to the way in which health inequalities are shaped by social identities relating to gender, ethnicity, age/youth and socio-economic position; social change
Dr Ernestina CoastDepartment of Social Policy; LSE HealthExperience keywords: households; health; gender; HIV/AIDS; sexual health; demography; population; reproductive health; abortion
Dr Flora CornishDepartment of MethodologyExperience keywords: collective action; social movements; Community mobilisation; qualitative research methodologies; HIV/AIDS; dialogue; community health interventions; ethnography; evidence & evaluation in health research and policy; community engagement and participation
Dr Emily FreemanLSE Health; Department of Social PolicyExperience keywords: developing countries; older age; social identity; ageing; Africa; role identity; anthropological demography; sexual health; sociology of health; qualitative methods; reproductive health; global health; demography; HIV/AIDS
Dr Jason HickelDepartment of AnthropologyExperience keywords: trade unions; xenophobia; violence; migration; democracy; African affairs; agriculture; liberalism; labour; political conflict; HIV/AIDS; economic development
Dr Timothy HildebrandtDepartment of Social PolicyExperience keywords: HIV/AIDS; LGBT; civil society; NGOs; development; social entrepreneurship; survey research; activism; environment; politics of China
Dr Ruth KattumuriIndia Observatory; Asia Research Centre; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the EnvironmentExperience keywords: Disability; Sustainable Growth; HIV/AIDS; Food Security; Population and Development; Climate Change Policy; Education and Skills; Inclusion; Survey Methodology
Professor James PutzelDepartment of International Development; Crisis States Research Centre; Asia Research CentreExperience keywords: democratic reform; failed states; political economy; HIV/AIDS; development studies; post-war states; Africa; Philippines; South East Asia; agrarian reform
Dr Morten SkovdalDepartment of Social PsychologyExperience keywords: masculinity; Zimbabwe; education; caregiving children; childhood; stigma; young carers; cash transfer; community; orphans; antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; gender; Kenya; social rotection; Africa
Browse the Experts Directory:
Department Accounting, Department of Analysis of Risk and Regulation (CARR), Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE), Centre for Analysis of Time Series (CATS), Centre for Anthropology, Department of Asia Research Centre Business History Unit Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Cities Programme Civil Society and Human Security Research Unit Complexity Research Group Contemporary Spanish Studies, Cañada Blanch Centre for Crisis States Research Centre DART: Digital Anthropology Resources for Teaching Darwin@LSE Decision Support and Risk Group Director's Management Team Economic History, Department of Economic Performance (CEP), Centre for Economics and Finance in Southern Africa, Centre for Research into Economics of Education (CEE), Centre for Economics, Department of Education Research Group (ERG) Employment Relations and Organisational Behaviour (EROB) (Department of Management) European Foreign Policy Unit European Institute Finance, Department of Financial Markets Group (FMG) Gender Institute Geography and Environment, Department of Global Policy Government, Department of Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment Greater London Group Hellenic Observatory Human Rights, Centre for the Study of IGC India Observatory Inform (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements) Information Systems and Innovation Group (ISIG) (Department of Management) Innovation Co-Creation Lab (ICCL) (Department of Management) Institute of Public Affairs International Development, Department of International History, Department of International Relations, Department of International Studies, Centre for International Studies, Centre of International Trade Policy Unit Justice and Security Research Programme Language Centre Law, Department of Learning Technology, Centre for London Multimedia Lab for audiovisual communication and composition LSE Careers LSE Cities LSE Enterprise LSE Environment: Centre for Environmental Policy and Governance (CEPG) LSE Health LSE Health LSE Housing LSE IDEAS LSE Library aka BLPES LSE London LSE Mackinder Programme for the Study of Long Wave Events LSE Public Policy Group LSE100 - The LSE Course LSEE - Research on South Eastern Europe Management, Department of Managerial Economics and Strategy Group (Department of Management) Mannheim Centre for the Study of Criminology and Criminal Justice Mathematics, Department of Media and Communications, Department of Methodology, Department of Middle East Centre Migration Studies Unit (Department of Government) MPA Programme NIHR School for Social Care Research Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) Philosophy of Natural and Social Science (CPNSS), Centre for Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, Department of Polis Regional and Urban Planning Studies Programme Risk and Stochastics Group (RSG) Social Policy, Department of Social Psychology, Department of Sociology, Department of Spatial Economics Research Centre (SERC) Statistics, Department of Study of Incentives in Health, The Centre for Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines (STICERD) Systemic Risk Centre The Nature of Evidence: How Well Do 'Facts' Travel? TLC TRIUM Global Executive MBA Programme What Works Centre for Local Economic Growth
Surname A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Sector or industry Banking Construction and Property Consultancy Creative Industries and Culture Energy Environment Financial Services Healthcare Information Technology Law Media Technology and New Media Policy and Regulatory Bodies Public Administration Risk Management Telecommunications
Language A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Collection of LSE research outputs
Service providing unique access to LSE's expertise
[access restricted to staff]
Short articles about LSE research


text:
QTgillie (Jul 27, 2009)
Googled a pic on linethis is Joe Mauer of the Minnesota Twins tagging a runner at home.
ChalkDust (Jul 27, 2009)
This is fantastic! Great work, the whole picture flows nicely
davincipoppalag (Jul 27, 2009)
fantastic work qt!
QTgillie (Jul 27, 2009)
thanks guys, not quite done yet.
elly (Jul 27, 2009)
kick up that dust, QT!! This rocks!
firecracker (Jul 28, 2009)
I'm not into watching baseball.......but this pic is absolutely fantastic!!!! You did an awesome job with this "Gillie!! I hope your team is better than the Pittsburgh Pirates....."lol"!!! Awesome draw!! :)
QTgillie (Jul 28, 2009)
the twins are doing ok. they had a 13 -7 lead last week and lost :( They had one of their worst innings ever and lost. Thanks a bunch both Elly and firecracker
enjoydotcom (Jul 28, 2009)
I love the in focus, out of focus bits.
PS (Jul 28, 2009)
This is great, I'm a big Twins fan also.
QTgillie (Jul 29, 2009)
Go Twins, gothanks enjoy and PS
montezmaria (Jul 29, 2009)
This is outstanding! Love the action in this one and colors. The drawing speaks for itself...wow.
Axil62 (Aug 6, 2009)
Is that a bat in mid air?
QTgillie (Aug 6, 2009)
yes, it was in the ref, but I don't quite understand it either.....that is the Twin's catcher so if he is tagging someone out at home there shouldnt be a bat.....maybe i should remove it??? Or, maybe I misunderstood what I was looking at.....OHHHHHH, maybe it is leaning against the wall....oh duh...here is the link....Joe Mauer
Axil62 (Aug 6, 2009)
Yup, it's leaning against the fence. Just blur it some and it'll move back.
Aakyra (Aug 6, 2009)
Gillie, I have always admired the work you do/did with sports scenes. This is fantastic!
firecracker (Aug 8, 2009)
Fantastic Finish!!!! :)
bette_davis_eyes (Aug 11, 2009)
lots of detail.. lots of action! wonderful job QT :)
sofballchik0323 (Aug 11, 2009)
this is great!! I LOVE baseball, but not as much as softball...lol so anything with it is always fabulous in my book. Your attention to detail is amazing :)
LifeGotColour (Aug 12, 2009)
amazing work,QT!! i agree with the others..lots of details, everything's great!
firecracker (Aug 18, 2009)
Hi "Gillie"! I know that you're a "Minnesota Vikings" fan.......well, I just heard on the news that "Bret Farve" has come out of retirement again, and signed with the "Vikings"......he'll be their quarterback. I'm just wonderin' what you think about that. :)
QTgillie (Sep 3, 2009)
FC....I have mixed emotions. What bothers me most, is the way they went about it. They played the public for several months....is he?, isn't he?, then announced definitely not.....and then the HOOPLA and the entourage and media blitz that now he is a MN Viking. The stores were inundated with #4 shirts immediately and that HAD to be totally planned. They bamboozled the fans and the fans are totally buying into it. Only proves that it is only a business and nothing else. I have a son that is totally into the Vikings....second year of season tickets. My daughter lives in AZ and she commented excuse the language...."wtf, I have to cheer for Favre now?" Oh well, we will all love it if he wins the SB and chastise the franchise if he doesn't.
GreyGhost (Oct 12, 2009)
I always love your sports draws, Gillie ... always packed with motion and emotion!
2draw.net © 2002-2015 2draw.net team/Cellosoft - copyright details - 0.05sec (sql: 39q/0.02sec) |


text:
The Flying Scissors is a feature-length mockumentary about the intense, grueling world of competitive "Rock, Paper, Scissors." The film delves into the lives and daily routines of a wide array of quirky characters who vie to be the best at this unorthodox sport. Each competitor must balance the nuances of their everyday life in hopes of becoming a "Rock, Paper, Scissors" champion.
2 min 48 sec
- Posted: August 11, 2009
- Director: Jonah Tulis
- Writer: Jonah Tulis
- Studio: Independent
- Release: November 6, 2009
- Cast: Mason Pettit, Matthew Arkin, Todd Susman
No music available


text:
Claes, Björn; Koryak, Oksana and Diaz, Angel
URL: | http://www.aomonline.org/ |
Google Scholar: | Look up in Google Scholar |
Research into supply chain alliances has identified a number of key success factors. However, alliance success has not been systematically linked to the control mechanisms employed used in them. We argue that alliance partners need to balance trust building and control mechanisms and that the optimal level of control and trust varies with the alliance form. In this paper we propose a theoretical model that refines and extends the existing alliance success models in supply chain management by introducing control mechanisms as a key success factor and the alliance form as a moderator of trust and control.
Item Type: | Conference Item |
Copyright Holders: | 2007 The Authors |
Extra Information: | Theme of the conference: Doing Well by Doing Good |
Keywords: | supply chain; alliance; control |
Academic Unit/Department: | Open University Business School |
Related URLs: | |
Item ID: | 32047 |
Depositing User: | Björn Claes |
Date Deposited: | 08 Feb 2012 16:03 |
Last Modified: | 08 Feb 2012 16:03 |
URI: | http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/32047 |
Share this page: |


text:
Early Childhood*
Career Studies Certificate (C.S.C.)
The curriculum is designed to prepare individuals to work with young children in safe and healthy environments that are supportive of children's individual physical, cognitive and social-emotional development. Occupational opportunities include employment as assistant teachers, teachers, group leaders or family child-care providers in programs for young children.
Program Requirements and Special Conditions
Students must meet JTCC admission requirements. Students must also complete placements tests (or equivalent) in English and mathematics, and scores will be used for appropriate course placement. If students have deficiencies in English and/or mathematics, JTCC offers developmental and prerequisite courses to prepare students for the curriculum. New students should see a counselor and returning students their advisor for more information.
Program Curriculum
1st Semester | Credits | Standard Course Options |
CHD 120 Introduction to Early Childhood Education | 3 | |
CHD 145 Methods and Materials for Teaching Art, Music and Movement to Children | 3 | |
CHD 205 Guiding the Behavior of Children | 3 | |
SDV 100 College Success Skills | 1 | |
Total Credits | 10 | |
2nd Semester | Credits | Standard Course Options |
CHD 165 Observation and Participation in Early Childhood/Primary Settings | 3 | |
EDU 235 Health, Safety and Nutrition Education | 3 | |
Total Credits | 6 | |
Total Credits For Program | 16 |
Notes and Additional Curriculum Options
For additional information on this program, please contact the Division of Engineering, Business and Public Services: 804-706-5121 (Chester) or 804-594-1480 (Midlothian).


text:
Home › Like I told you before, I like 'em large!
add comment
Already have an account? Log in now for faster commenting or Join Zootoo
249 photos 5 pets
Average rating from 8 reviews.
8 reviews
Vote on more cute animals ›
Enroll your pet today ›
Who better to snuggle with than a bunny rabbit? If these pictures don't make you wish you had a soft, snuggly rabbit fri… See photos ›
login join


text:
Helpful (11)
"Great place to work but slow in recognizing impact of younger staff - very 'old school.' "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at MITRE
MITRE is in most ways a fantastic place to work. The company provides good flexibility and stability, and provides work that makes a difference to the well-being of the United States. The benefits package is very good for the industry.
MITRE tends to exhibit many older company ideals such as secretive promotions and compensation decisions, cliquish upper management tendencies and a "wait your turn" mentality. Overall, the positives outweigh the negatives.
Advice to Management
Institute clear processes for promotion and compensation practices and beware of watering down the brand in a well-intentioned drive to reduce costs.
- Any Location
- Any Job Title
Helpful (8)
"Great for my first 15 years poor for my last 10 years. "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I worked at MITRE
RecommendsNo opinion of CEOPros
Ability to apply skills in support of the Government.
Ability to make decision and apply them to sponsor support.
MITRE IT Infrastructure and support.
Benefits before retiring.Cons
Requirements to support the Government in their offices as Action Officers and then accused by MITRE Management of going native.
Out of sight and out of mind attitude when it comes to Salery increases and and Promotions.
Need to continually provide self accomplishment Sound Bytes to Management to achieve status in the "Iner Circle".
Workloads that demand 60-70 hours a week to be successful.
Elimination of all Retiree Benifits when you reach 65, even thought you were paying 100% of there costs.Advice to Management
Get real and find out what is really happening in the employee trenchs, get rid of the AC-6 dead weight, provide competative Salery Increases (vs. what the Government does) and eliminate the massive Bureacracy that has increased over the years.
Helpful (11)
"Great place to work, but not as great as claimed "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at MITRE
RecommendsNo opinion of CEOPros
Best things are the benefits, the work-life balance, the ability to move around and find interesting and new challenges, and the quality of the technical staff.
Downsides include:
- A perception that MITRE is the best and no other company knows as much (not reality)
- The fact that MITRE organizationally reflects many of the bad characteristics (stovepiping) of the sponsors we support
- The unwillingness of management to terminate poor performers and reward top performers (lots of dead weight)
- The fact that people stay forever so there advancement opportunities can come slowlyAdvice to Management
MITRE needs to operate a little more like a private company and little less like a government agency. There should be more focus on performance, as it seems like the top people (who are truly the best in their fields) often have to carry a lot of dead weight to succeed. Eliminating some of the leff impactful folks wouldn't impact the work product, but would allow MITRE to more appopriately reward those who are doing the heavy lifting. A commitment to work-life balance to often seems to mean the stars work and the average folks balance.


text:
Department of Labor
and Training requests $40 million for July 3, 2009 |
week, the RI Department of Labor and Training requested a $40-million
line of credit so that the state may continue to pay unemployment insurance
benefits over the next three months. Under the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act, the U.S. government allows state unemployment insurance
programs to borrow interest-free from the federal unemployment insurance
trust fund through December 2010.
### |


text:
Tuesday, December 06, 2005
Sens Tame Panthers
Just wanted to say that the Sens had 6 rookies skating last night in the 6-3 win. Call up Bochenski had an assist to go along with his hat-trick.
The Sens now head out west for a tough set of games - Calgary on Friday, Vancouver on Saturday, and Colorado on Monday. Should be a nice test for 'The Greatest Team Ever'.
Chara will be back in the lineup but I'm not sure if Redden will be returning.
6 comments:
I said nothing of it. They have a good chance and yes they are top of the league. But I do think the west poses a big problem for them. THe west has usually had the Easts number, they play a different style of hockey, usually a more "Canadian" rough and tumble style.
The east is usually more of a finese style.
Anyway, we're only just beyonf 1/4 of the way through the season, still a lot that could happen. Until the Sens can prove that they can beat the Leafs in the Playoffs then you can say I told you so and we're the best.Until the Sens can prove that they can beat the Leafs in the Playoffs then you can say I told you so and we're the best.
Really? I thought that the goal of a team as far as making them the best was winning the Stanley Cup, not beating the Toronto Maple Leafs.
If you're right, the Philadelphia Flyers have been the best hockey team in the NHL the last two seasons.


text:
McQ by Alexander McQueen Fall 2012
McQ by Alexander McQueen Fall 2012
Like us on Facebook
What's Your Reaction?
Thanks for your reaction
Don't forget to share this with your friends!
McQ by Alexander McQueen Fall 2012
>> The first McQ show to grace London in so many years was marked by a triumphant — and theatrical — return. On a runway strewn with autumnal leaves and a set complete with a wintery forest, Sarah Burton offered up khaki colorblocked coats, embellished velvet frocks, full-skirted tartan, and fantastical tulle-and-flower confections. "A love story, a love of McQueen and a love of great British style — from military coats to overblown ball gowns," the show notes explained. And it was.
Read More A Little Turn On The CatwalkLondon Fashion Week Fall 2012McQ By Alexander McQueen Fall 2012McQ By Alexander McQueenFall 2012Alexander McQueenLondon Fashion WeekMcQFashion Week
Link Love
- Are you making these 7 underwear mistakes? — SheFinds
- Saint Laurent doesn't think those parody shirts are very funny — Racked
- Your favorite preppy style staple is making a comeback — Who What Wear
- What to wear when your office feels like an icebox — Lucky
- Models are totally cheating when it comes to BMI requirements — The Cut
- Long before Cara, Gigi, and Karlie, Christy ruled the runway — Style.com
- Is this the solution to your Mother's Day gift dilemma? — HuffPost Style
- Transform your outfit with these 5 accessories — InStyle
- It might be time to uncuff your jeans — Man Repeller
Latest Fashion


text:
We had the privilege of speaking with Bruce Clay at SMX, and he spoke at length about how video has impacted the search results in dramatic and permanent ways. Bruce is one of the most-trusted voices in the search engine marketing space--he founded his SEO company, Bruce Clay Inc., in 1996... before the official launch of Google and well before most in the industry today were thinking about rankings. So when he has something to say about search, it's usually a good idea to listen.
Here's the video of our chat with Bruce, where he talks about Google's intentions with YouTube, how video has impacted the Google results, and why video is a must-have content variety moving forward:
If you don't have time to watch the entire interview (it's less than 4 minutes), I'll do my best to summarize his thoughts for you:
Video Is High Engagement
Video is something most of us should be pursuing, for a number of reasons. But first and foremost, it's more engaging than other content varieties. And Google's latest moves suggest it values sites that contain engaging content.
Here's Bruce:
"The biggest element of video is, as you pointed out, is that it's high-engagment. And as an engagement element, that's kind of an object or something that Google's going to look for both within the Google search results page and on the web pages that it's indexing."
YouTube As A Content Network
What if Google never intended to use YouTube as a destination website? What if all along... they had plans to make it more of a conduit... a distribution platform? That's what Bruce seems to think:
"Now, my ultimate view is that, YouTube was bought by Google not so much as a standalone destination. And I think that their ultimate plan is to make it a content network. Put your videos up on YouTube, embed them into your page... it's a content network for videos."
What does that mean for website-owners?
"Whoever has the right kind of content, good for them. If you don't have the right content, bad for you. If your competition has a video and you don't, the competition wins. So I think we're going to see video on almost every site that at least wants to rank."
Yeah, it's just that serious. If you want to rank moving forward, you'll have to get video involved in one way or another. There's just no way around it.
Video Changed The Search Results Forever
Bruce gives us a brief history of video in the search result pages, focusing specifically on when Google stopped playing full videos directly within the search result pages and started making video results links to the YouTube pages:
"When that happened, the curiosity factor changed a little bit. And I think that what's being inserted universally between positions three and four has started to become a wall. And we've seen that position four is getting fewer clicks than they did before. That essentially means--because it's a wall--it essentially means that the top three organic results is the new first page. That changes everything."
The implication is that people are interested in video so much, that sites ranking organically below the 3rd and 4th spots (which are typically video these days) aren't getting the attention or clicks they used to. And it's not just because of video:
"Now, if you add to it the fact that local results appear at position for, and there's seven pins, and sometimes it's Google Places, sometimes it's additional things... that makes it even more complex. Then throw images on or, you know, blogs, or something else--Instant--it becomes quite complex. So the first page... we've actually seen the first page have only four blue links on it. Only four organic on the entire first page, because there's too many other things on the page."
He's right. And we all know it. There is so much universal-type content on a Google results page these days, that traditional HTML websites just don't have as many first-page slots as they used to. Those are taken up with video, recent Tweets, news results, local listings, etc.
Bruce also shared a specific example of the power and alarming speed of video ranking:
So, if I were to look at how video plays at that level: Look at what happened with Will It Blend. When they blended the iPhone, it jumped to the top of the rankings for 'iPhone,' it was number one for, like, three and a half weeks. That's... that was, like, in zero minutes, right? They published it... everybody saw it, you searched for iPhone and it showed up.
So if you're a traditional HTML website, and you want to rank on the first page... you can either keep doing what you're doing and fight the stiff competition for one of those four slots, or you can get to work on creating universal-style content... of which video is the highest ranking and most engaging (and, at times, the fastest-ranking as well). It's up to you.
If you want to rank on Google, you're going to need to change what you've been doing for the last several years. Video is a must-have content variety for any site that hopes to reach the first page of results. I could try and come up with a very eloquent way to emphasize the importance of video, but I think Bruce does a fine job himself:
"Then I have to consider video as a way to get on the first page, right? So, we cannot help but consider video as an optimized item. It is part of your Internet marketing spread. It may not be considered as much on-page as some people would like it, although I think it should be there. But it is definitely, definitely going to get you on the first page if you do it right. At that level, you just gotta do them."
Our thanks to Bruce Clay for taking the time to share his always-great insights on the state of video and video search engine marketing.


text:
Local News
Organizers Still Ask: Why was Sustainability Fair Denied Permit?
5/12/2014 (Updated 11:15:22 PM)
It's a music fair to promote environmental sustainability, but it's leaving a trail of controversy as it moves from Binghamton to Owego...The Big Splash Sustainability Fair has taken place at Binghamton's Rec Park for the past three years.
This year, it will happen on may 24th and 25th at the Tioga County Fair Grounds in Owego.
Binghamton Mayor Rich David said that unlike past years the Big Splash would conflict with the opening of the carousel and pool at Rec Park, something he wanted to avoid by working with the organizers to find another weekend.
In a statement, an event coordinator said David denied the permit fewer than 30 days before the event.
Supporters of the event don't buy the logic the event would interfere with the opening of Rec Park's attractions.
"Whatever they pictured, like a Phish concert or or something, if you look at the pictures, look at the families, look at the kids, look at the people playing frisbee, look at people picnicing, look at acoustic music going on, if they looked at that there's no sane reason to have said no," said Jeff Kahn, owner of Cyber Cafe and supporter of the Big Splash Sustainability Fair.
"[I wanted] to work with the organizers on another date that they could accommodate the festival and I think what happens is people don't like being told no. And when they don't get what they want they lash out and look for reasons that don't exist," said David.
Event organizer Jon McNamara said he feels the big splash event will remain in Owego for many years to come.
View Related Articles:
Binghamton, Broome County, Owego, Tioga County or comment on this one below.
News system programming and website hosting by EFX internet
Additional Articles
A News Story
If you are looking for a copy of a news story that we recently aired, simply click here to find out how.
Breaking News
Do you have a tip or information about a breaking news story? Contact the FOX 40 News Desk at 607.798.0070 or send us an email .


text:
Pull ups are so challenging. We don't have a bar but a structure for doing pullups as well as stomach crunches etc. I still have yet to accomplish one (yes one - for shame!) form correct pull up. I think when you have a long body it's tougher - or maybe that's just my excuse.
Joanne, definitely look into the bands that will assist you -- they allow you to complete pull-ups with proper form. As you progress, less resistance is needed.
The bands are awesome, I think! I really am enjoying Crossfit and am sad that my 30 days will be up soon. If we didn't belong to a gym system here that we'll never leave (me for the pool, Todd for the basketball) I'd join up. I need to follow your footsteps and make a home gym.
My 17 year old straps a 50 pound weight around his waist and then proceeds to crank out 5 pull ups.... Dad? Not so much
Pull-ups were my nemesis and definite weakness, but I worked on them before or after class a LOT. We also have a doorframe bar at the house but you can't quite kip on that (or I'm too afraid to haha), but I get some practice in there too. Gotta work the goats!
We have one of those door frame pull up bars but I'm too much of a wimp to try one :-).
Leave a comment, tell me what you are thinking!


text:
Sales Hotline 1-877-778-8460
Close Recently added item(s)
Your shopping cart is empty.
Product Code PGU001US
Be the first to review this product
Availability In stock
Only 6 left
Including Free Shipping Over $99
Email to a Friend
Click Image to View
Line Drawing
Fitting Instructions
Create a sleek, contemporary look to your bathroom with the Hudson Reed Guise thermostatic shower panel. This high quality thermostatic shower panel incorporates three round body jets, fixed shower head and a shower handset. These superb features deliver an amazing shower to leave you feeling awake and refreshed.
* Required Fields


text:
Overview of content related to 'interoperability'
This page provides an overview of 7 articles related to 'interoperability', listing most recently updated content first. Note that filters may be applied to display a sub-set of articles in this category (see FAQs on filtering for usage tips). Select this link to remove all filters.
Interoperability is a property referring to the ability of diverse systems and organizations to work together (inter-operate). The term is often used in a technical systems engineering sense, or alternatively in a broad sense, taking into account social, political, and organizational factors that impact system to system performance.The IEEE Glossary defines interoperability as: the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. (Excerpt from Wikipedia article: Interoperability)
Key statisticsMetadata related to 'interoperability' (as derived from all content tagged with this term):
See our 'interoperability' overview for more data and comparisons with other tags. For visualisations of metadata related to timelines, bands of recency, top authors, and and overall distribution of authors using this term, see our 'interoperability' usage charts. |
Top authorsAriadne contributors most frequently referring to 'interoperability':
Note: Links to all articles by authors listed above set filters to display articles by each author in the overview below. Select this link to remove all filters. |
Title | Article summary | Date |
Editorial Introduction to Issue 24: Plumbing the Digital Library |
Philip Hunter introduces Ariadne 24. |
Interoperability: What Is It and Why Should I Want It? |
Paul Miller explains what interoperability is and why you should want it. |
June 2000, issue24, feature article |
Text Encoding for Interchange: A New Consortium |
Lou Burnard on the creation of the TEI Consortium which has been created to take the TEI Guidelines into the XML world. |
June 2000, issue24, feature article |
Paula Manning reports on recent developments within BIOME, the health and life sciences hub of the Resource Discovery Network. |
June 2000, issue24, regular column |
Metadata: I Am a Name and a Number |
Paul Miller on Digital Object Identifiers. |
June 2000, issue24, regular column |
Bringing Coherence to Networked Information for the New Century |
Gillian Austen reports on the JISC-CNI conference at Stratford, UK, 14-16 June 2000. |
June 2000, issue24, event report |
Library Resource Sharing and Discovery: Catalogues for the 21st Century |
Ariadne reports on the highlights of the recent Glasgow CLUMPS one day conference |
June 2000, issue24, event report |


text:
Bill bought a jar full of misquitos to an event and let them roam around. Lawsuits will start pouring in soon.
Here are bills exact words " Malaria is spread by mosquitoes," Gates said while opening a jar on stage at a gathering known to attract technology kings, politicians, and Hollywood stars. "I brought some. Here I'll let them roam around. There is no reason
only poor people should be infected.""


text:
Forget Your Personal Tragedy
Forget your personal tragedy. We are all bitched form the start and you especially have to be hurt like hell before you can write seriously. But when you get the damned hurt use it—don't cheat with it. Be as faithful to it as a scientist—but don't think anything is of any importance because it happens to you or anyone belonging to you.
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, in a letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald


text:
Welcome! You are browsing as a guest
Would you like to see
3 projects made from this pattern
and much more?
join Ravelry now
What am I missing?
© Interweave Press
Mindego Mitts
This pattern is
available for free.
This pattern was featured on Knitting Daily TV Episode 510. You will need 2 US size 7 circular needles – 24" long to complete this pattern.
For more information, see: