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Blood In, Blood Out
How do you punish a prison gang that thrives in prison?
Let them kill off their own members, one by one.
By Justin Berton
ROBERT VIRAMONTES WAS WATERING his rose bushes the day his assassins came for him. He was standing in front of his home in Campbell on Palo Santo Drive, his back to the street. Viramontes, 44, a.k.a. "Brown Bob," had spent most of his life inside California's state prisons, rising to become one of the highest ranking members of Nuestra Familia, the notoriously vicious Northern California Latino prison gang. After serving NF for 20 years Viramontes had paroled, for good. He was enjoying his new life in "semiretirement," which the Nuestra Familia Constitution guarantees to any member who survives two decades, or achieves age 50. In gang terms, it was supposed to be the only way to get out alive.
Viramontes moved into a one-story home on a nice, wide street, and lived there quietly with his wife of 22 years, Esperanza, and their two sons, ages 17 and 6. After two years of suburban living, he had strayed far away from gang business altogether, and spent Sunday afternoons tinkering on his Chevy pickup, which he nicknamed "Lucille."
The biggest disturbance came from the scores of local gang unit hotshots who stopped by the home, continually, hoping to gain inside information on NF in exchange for any, say, future parole violations. Yet, associates say Viramontes never rolled over on his former associates. Instead, he spoke to young gangsters through a program called "Mothers Against Gangs," preaching against a thug's life, period. He hired tattoo artists to cover the massive "Nuestra Familia" emblem across his back; he worked honest jobs mopping floors and cleaning offices; he took up gardening.
On April 19, 1999, at about 6:45pm, a Ford Explorer carrying three young men pulled up to the curb in front of Viramontes' home. It had been stolen from a driveway in the Rosegarden neighborhood, from an owner who kept a key in the glove box.
The driver, Albert "Beto" Avila, waited at the wheel, while two men leapt out from the passenger side doors. Both wore T-shirts and shorts. The first shooter was named David "Dreamer" Escamilla, a member of the NF's bush league, the Northern Structure, who was out on parole after doing time for attempted murder.
The other shooter, Santos "Bad Boy" Burnias, was a longtime NF member, who had also done a stint for attempted murder. A fourth person, Antonio "Chuco" Guillen, the San Jose NF underboss, supervised from another car parked down the street.
Dreamer and Bad Boy walked up the driveway toward Viramontes, and both began shooting. Viramontes turned toward the open garage and tried to run into his home. As he crawled toward the door, Viramontes was hit seven times in the chest, back, legs and arms. One bullet grazed his left cheek. Dreamer got so close to his target, blood splattered back onto his hands.
Esperanza, who was making dinner in the kitchen, ran out the front door, around to the driveway, and watched the assassins pile into the SUV. She pointed at them and screamed: "What have you motherfuckers done?" One of the men stuck a gun out the window and pointed it at her. Then they drove away.
THE MURDER OF Robert Viramontes was, like most hits on higher-ups, ordered from inside Pelican Bay State Prison, Nuestra Familia's headquarters. Located on a desolate patch of earth near the Oregon border, Pelican Bay is a bloody place. In the past three years alone nine inmates have been killed at the hands of their fellow inmates. In one riot last year, involving 250 inmates, 32 prisoners were stabbed and one was killed by a guard's bullet to the back of the head. Only California's most violent inmates are sent to "The Bay," and only the most violent of those are locked inside the prison's Security Housing Unit, or SHU, where inmates are kept in their cells 23 hours a day. Today, all NF lords live inside the SHU.
The NF mantra is "Blood in, blood out," and Robert Viramontes satisfied the first part of the deal in 1978 when he and NF members were convicted of manslaughter for hanging an inmate they thought was a snitch. Viramontes didn't stick around for the consequences; he escaped from Monterey County Jail, fled to Mexico with his wife, and was captured after several armed robberies and assaults. He did his time at San Quentin State Prison, the unofficial birthplace of Nuestra Familia, and adapted to the gangster's life.
Viramontes was well read, on all subjects, and well known for his charisma. As a rising star, he was responsible for indoctrinating the up-and-coming talent to the two major tenets of NF: to "promote the Mexican race" and swearing a lifetime of allegiance to one another. Recruits were schooled in making weapons, Mexican-American history, and boot camp-like chants, used at night to intimidate other inmates as they slept. Once chosen, any NF member who betrayed his fellow carnals was subject to Article 2, Section 5 of the NF Constitution: "AN AUTOMATIC DEATH SENTENCE WILL BE PUT ON FAMILIANO THAT TURNS TRAITOR, COWARD, OR DESSERTER [sic]."
Viramontes' devotion to the gang promoted him to the highest echelon of NF, the select Organizational Governing Board, also known as "La Mesa." There are currently an estimated 1,000 NF members--both inside and outside prison--and the vast majority are "soldiers. Above them are lieutenants, and then captains. At the top of the pyramid is La Mesa, a three man tribunal. La Mesa approves membership, oversees promotions and policy changes, and, more often than not, orders hits on its own members.
When Viramontes first paroled from San Quentin in 1992, he returned to his home in the South Bay and took his first step toward leaving NF. He approached Mothers Against Gangs about being a speaker for them, getting so nervous for his first presentation that he asked his family to wait outside. After each subsequent speech, he took notes on his own performance. He transformed his body to cover the giant NF tattoo on his back.
At the same time, the Santa Clara County district attorney's office was engaging in an expensive, and thorough, war against Nuestra Familia--a war that would eventually tangle up Viramontes.
The DA's investigation targeted two back-to-back slayings of known NF members on the East Side and concluded with the massive indictment of 21 NF members for racketeering and murder. Preparing for the high-profile trial, the judge considered building a makeshift courtroom, one loaded with heavy security. In the end, the county spent more than $10 million on prosecution and security costs, and of the original 21 defendants, only four were convicted--the rest took guilty pleas, and made deals. Viramontes was subpoenaed to testify to the grand jury, but was one of the few who refused to talk about his role in the gang. The answers he did give contradicted other sworn testimony. In the process, Viramontes was convicted of perjury and sent back to San Quentin in 1994.
When Viramontes returned to San Quentin word spread quickly through the intricate NF communication network that in his two years on the outside, the man known as Brown Bob, once one of the hardest, most trusted bosses, had turned soft. How the rap spread is unknown, but NF members, who are sometimes separated from one another for their gang affiliation, can share information in a variety of ways. They can "fly kites," or wilas, which are small notes attached to a strand of elastic, pulled from the waist band in their jumpsuits, which are then expertly flung into another cell; they can make phone calls to members in other prisons, via "three ways," by simultaneously phoning a member on the outside, who holds the two phones to one another; they can hide coded writings and documents, such as hit lists, inside reams of legal papers, which are off limits to guards' searches--and use their lawyers as unwitting couriers. Or, they can simply talk face-to-face in the exercise yard.
Inside San Quentin, Viramontes came across Chuco, the San Jose NF underboss, who was in for a drug possession charge. Chuco noticed Viramontes' back, and saw his recently tattooed Aztec figure disguising his NF emblem of a large sombrero with a knife and three drops of blood. According to NF member Anthony "Chavo" Jacobs who by seniority had "the keys to the yard"--and was responsible for all that went down in the exercise area--Viramontes' cover-up tattoo work caused Chuco to feel "ashamed." And when Chuco learned Viramontes had spoken on behalf of Mothers Against Gangs, Chuco remarked, "He's poisoning young minds."
Then Viramontes made what proved to be two fatal mistakes. Through the network, Viramontes announced he wanted to revise the gang's policy on "door pops." At the aging San Quentin facility, rows of cell doors sometimes malfunctioned and opened unexpectedly. And sometimes inmates intentionally jammed the cell doors and pried them open. Whenever the doors popped, NF policy called for an instantaneous attack on all enemies. According to Jacobs, who distributed Viramontes' directive, Viramontes suggested NF members now simply "stand their ground, and act aggressively only if the enemy acts aggressively."
Viramontes followed this first policy revision with another: he called for a truce with NF's greatest enemy, the Mexican Mafia (EME). The Mexican Mafia is comprised of surenos, or southerners, while NF is a strictly norteno gang. (Nortenos are any Hispanic gang member who lives north of Fresno. Likewise, surenos are from points south of Fresno. ) The long-standing NF-Mexican Mafia edict had been simple: Kill the enemy whenever possible. Brown Bob's call for peace was not well-received.
The two issues put Viramontes under investigation by his fellow La Mesa officers in prison. Viramontes' declarations caused severe discontent among the rank and file beneath him. Factions formed. Whenever policy disputes arise among heavyweights within NF, the winning platform goes to the boss who lives longest. So much for lifelong loyalty.
In early 1998, fellow La Mesa heavyweight Gerald "Cuete" Rubalcaba ordered Viramontes dead. The "filter," or official paperwork announcing the hit, came down to Jacobs, who, by this time, had developed a close friendship with Viramontes. Jacobs told Viramontes he was marked, but promised he wouldn't let it happen in his yard. On the outside, however, both knew things were different. "If you see me coming with another person, run," Jacobs told Viramontes. "Because I'm not coming to shake hands."
From that moment, Viramontes could have requested to hide in protective custody; most inmates who prove they've been issued a death sentence usually do. Viramontes chose to stay put.
Out in the yard, enemy Chuco volunteered to kill Viramontes immediately. He followed protocol and went to Jacobs first, but Jacobs denied him, creating a story to save Viramontes. Jacobs reasoned a yard hit was a "waste of manpower." It took two soldiers to hold Viramontes down, and a third to knife him. The gang was low on numbers at Quentin, and sending three men to solitary wasn't worth it.
Chuco agreed. He'd wait until they got outside.
IT WAS TWO YEARS until Chuco made good on his word. At first, it seemed that the wait had been worth it, and the hit had gone well. Immediately after Viramontes was left for dead in his Campbell garage, Beto drove Dreamer and Bad Boy in the SUV to a waiting car at the La Valencia Apartments on Budd Avenue as planned. Chuco, satisfied that the killing had been a success, took off in another direction. At the exchange point, driver Beto's responsibility was to "burn" the stolen Ford Explorer of fingerprints. He could wipe it down or set it on fire. It was his choice.
Beto had nine children, all from the same woman. He made money dealing crank, and did tattoos on the side. His own skin bore all the typical gang markings: "San Jo Solider" on his neck; "X4" above his left ear; "Norte" on his hand. Two more suggested NF affiliation: a huelga bird on his neck and a solid five-point star--representing the North Star--on his forehead. Yet Beto wasn't an official NF member. He'd last visited prison way back in 1993, and he'd never come within sniffing distance of the SHU at Pelican Bay. Still, he hoped the Viramontes hit was his ticket into NF.
At about 8:00pm, a little more than an hour after the murder, the four men checked into the penthouse suite at the Residence Inn in Sunnyvale. Ringleader Chuco's sancha, or mistress, Nadine Serrano, used her credit card to get the room, while the men waited in the parking lot. More women showed up later to join the three others, and by 11:00pm, they were all in the pool, swimming.
Serrano brought a camera with her and pictures show various poses of Dreamer, Bad Boy, Chuco and Beto--arm in arm, drinking beer, eating pizza, sitting in the hot tub. But sometime during the party, Beto made a disturbing confession to Dreamer. Beto admitted that, in the rush to finish the job, he forgot to wipe down the steering wheel or any of the door handles for fingerprints. Dreamer, who had also hoped the Viramontes hit would quell any doubts about his loyalty to NF, just shook his head.
DAVID "DREAMER" ESCAMILLA grew up on San Jose's East Side as the nephew of a Santa Clara County sheriff's deputy. Instead of following a path into law enforcement, young David helped start a gang, the East Side Hoods. He did a stint in California Youth Authority in his early teens, escaped, and within 48 hours participated in a drive-by shooting on gang rivals from the back of Mazda pickup truck. No one was killed, but several were wounded. David got his nickname, according to one friend, from a girlfriend who teased him about his utopian visions of the future. Another associate says David was quiet, and spent a lot of time by himself.
In reality, Dreamer carried a gun in his waistband, graffitied his body in gang tattoos, and shook down punks for game. During an interview with a detective who was investigating Dreamer's role in a homicide, Dreamer boasted he practiced his shooting skills on rabbits. "They're real fast," Dreamer said. "You have to be a good shot."
In prison, Dreamer joined Northern Structure, a recruiting gang for the more prestigious NF. Northern Structure members, who do much of the heavy lifting for the NF to prove their worthiness, are considered hermanos until the day get pulled up to the NF; then they are carnals.
In September 1998, after Dreamer paroled for attempted murder, he celebrated his return to society with his family at a barbecue. Guests included his uncle Frank, the deputy with the Santa Clara County sheriff's office. Also in attendance was Frank's son, Ray, a first cousin to Dreamer who was about the same age. Ray wanted to become a police officer, like his father, and had completed training at the Police Academy and the Corrections Academy for prison guards.
After the barbecue, even though they were operating on different sides of the law, Dreamer kept in contact with his cousin. Dreamer didn't keep in touch with his uncle Frank, but their paths would cross, no matter.
ON THE TUESDAY MORNING after the killing, Dreamer sought refuge with his older brother, Angel, at his East Side home. Angel said Dreamer carried a copy of that morning's San Jose Mercury News, which contained a blurb about a gang boss's murder in Campbell. Dreamer didn't offer much in the way of an explanation to his brother. "[Dreamer] just said that person was no good and he had to be dealt with." Dreamer spent a few days hiding out at Angel's house, watching television, drinking Budweiser beer--his favorite, making phone calls, and thinking about his next move.
On Thursday, April 22, Dreamer called his cousin Ray and asked him to pass along an important message to his uncle Frank: Stay away from Brown Bob's funeral. A second hit was happening at the service, Dreamer said, on a man named "Alex"-- and he didn't want his uncle caught in the crossfire.
Ray called his father and learned that, indeed, he was scheduled to work security detail at the service. Sometime after Ray's phone call, deputy Frank Lopez drove to his mother's house that night for a meeting with his sister, Dreamer's mother. In his grand jury testimony, Lopez quotes himself as informing his sister, "Your son may be involved in a homicide."
In a flurry of phone calls from his mother's house, at about 9:30pm, Lopez finally reached his other nephew, Angel. According to Angel's testimony, his uncle Frank told him, first, that "he didn't want to know anything that was happening" and second, that Dreamer should turn himself in to authorities.
Then Lopez asked Angel to pass another message to Dreamer--one that contradicts his advice for Dreamer to turn himself in. Angel testified: "I had told (Dreamer) what my uncle told me--for him not to show up somewhere the next day because he would get in trouble the next day."
Near midnight, Angel and his uncle Frank spoke again, in another a tearful conversation. According to his testimony later, Lopez didn't think to ask Angel if Dreamer was involved in the Viramontes homicide. He also didn't think to ask Angel to reveal Dreamer's whereabouts. "I was too emotional to think about it," Lopez said.
The next morning, Lopez briefed the Morgan Hill Police Department on everything he claimed to know: that "sources" told him a hit was planned at the Viramontes funeral on their turf, and that it involved a man named Alex. But Lopez didn't tell the officers that his sources were his son Ray and his nephew Angel.
The funeral was loaded with well-armed officers in SWAT gear, and a helicopter buzzing over head. After the service, Frank Lopez says he drove from Morgan Hill up to the Campbell Police Department. He only got as far as the parking lot when he ran into an investigator and asked if his nephew, Dreamer, was involved in the Viramontes slaying. Lopez says the investigator told him "no."
No retirement: Robert 'Brown Bob' Viramontes was a leader in the old guard of Nuestra Familia, whose changing stance on gangs cost him his life.
THE HIT ON "ALEX," an NF member who had refused Dreamer's invitation to assist in killing Brown Bob, never went down but things began to worsen for the four men on the run. On April 24, Chuco and Bad Boy drove up to South San Francisco to escape the heat coming from the Campbell investigation; whenever gang hits go down, parolees are the first bodies rounded up and interviewed. For the ride north, the two men brought along their girlfriends, Nadine Serrano, and Leionna Rodriguez, 25.
They all hid out at a fellow NF member's apartment just off Highway 101. Nadine later told investigators she was inside, sitting on the couch, listening to music, when she spotted a red boxing glove, the smaller, lighter make, typically used for sparring. She picked up the glove and found a 9 mm handgun inside, the one Bad Boy furnished in the Viramontes hit.
NF policy explicitly states that any gun used in crime be "immediately disposed of." But Bad Boy declared he had "fallen in love" with that particular weapon. He also reasoned the San Jose regiment was underarmed. So he kept the 9 mm with him, and slid it into a red sparring glove for safekeeping.
Bad Boy had done time in juvenile hall for an armed robbery, and longer stints in state prison for felony burglary and attempted murder. He was in chronic poor health, due mostly to cirrhosis of the liver, and he maintained a nasty cough; he spoke often about his death being near. While on the run, Bad Boy talked of going out "like a true soldier"--and never going back to prison.
At about 9pm Chuco, Bad Boy, Nadine and Leionna all piled into Chuco's car; they brought the red sparring glove along. Chuco drove with Nadine at his side, Bad Boy and Leionna in the backseat. The car slowed to a four-way stop before heading onto 101 near the Interstate 280 crossing.
At the stop, a police car waited. Chuco waived for the officer to go first, but the officer declined. When Chuco went through the intersection, a wave of cop cars suddenly surrounded them.
A bright light shined into the car. Chuco looked over his shoulder in the backseat at Bad Boy. "What do you want to do, bro'?"
Bad Boy: "Take off."
Chuco hit the gas pedal and made it to the freeway in a few seconds. Sirens chased him. Leionna turned and looked behind her and screamed that cops were everywhere. Someone inside the car started calling for the 9 mm gun.
On the freeway, Chuco reached 80 miles an hour. But traffic thickened, so he was forced to stray to the shoulder. Finally, the traffic clogged all lanes to a stop, so Chuco veered off to the side of the road. As the car rolled to a stop, Chuco reached over Nadine's lap, flung open the door, slid over her body and ran. Ten feet later, an officer tackled him to the ground.
The others in the car, including Bad Boy, gave no fight.
DREAMER AND BETO, MEANWHILE, were still running strong, for nearly one full month. They bounced around among family and friends, staying a few nights with Dreamer's brother, Angel, and a few nights at the home of a grandmother of a 22-year-old norteno named Rudy "Night Owl" Moreno. Night Owl's grandmother was on vacation. Dreamer and Beto kept in contact with Chuco and Bad Boy via three-ways and letters. The two kept moving.
On May 14, Dreamer, Beto and their new friend Night Owl all met at Nadine Serrano's home on Joe DiMaggio Court at about 9pm. According to testimony to the grand jury, Dreamer received a phone call from the San Mateo County Jail, a call from Bad Boy. At the end of their conversation, Dreamer pointed to Beto, who was sitting in another room, and said, "This fool is through." The filters had come down, and Beto's time had come.
Dreamer, however, told the story differently to his two friends in the house. He told Beto and Night Owl that they had just gotten a green light for a hit in the east San Jose foothills. He didn't say who. At Dreamer's direction, the three men piled into Beto's beater, a four-door white Hyundai. The backseat carried a 12-pack of Budweiser. Dreamer rode shotgun. Beto drove.
When Beto reached Mt. Pleasant Road near Higuera, Dreamer told Beto to stop the car. They'd walk the rest of the way. As the men hiked up hill, another car passed by and the driver flashed the high beams. The driver later told authorities it was unusual to see anyone walking along the shoulder of Mt. Pleasant Road, especially if wasn't a neighbor. She passed the men, and drove up the road, and turned up into her driveway.
Beto had his suspicions. He knew he blew the job by not wiping the fingerprints from the car used in the Viramontes hit, and he knew Dreamer was angry about it. And yet he told a friend he hoped that his "paperwork" validating gang membership would be showing up any day. On the way up into the hills, Beto offered to be the gunman for the hit. He said he wanted to earn his stripes.
As Beto walked ahead, Dreamer and Night Owl dropped behind, and Beto said, "But if I ever get taken out, I want it to be you, Dreamer."
Dreamer replied, "Shut the fuck up."
The driver who had passed by earlier walked down her driveway, now, back toward Mt. Pleasant Road to check her mailbox. As she walked, she heard gunshots, maybe five or six, and saw flares of reddish yellow light. Then she saw the figures of two bodies running away in the dark, back down the hill.
She returned to her house to retrieve a lantern. She ran down to the road, this time joined by her husband, and found Beto's body laying face down in the dirt; blood running downhill. Beto had been hit twice in the head and a third time in the chest. The couple called the police.
Dreamer and Night Owl ran to Beto's car, but they couldn't start it; the keys were in Beto's pocket. The two men ran through the hills, toward the flatlands of the East Side.
Beto's body fell on unincorporated county land, so the homicide investigation turned to the Santa Clara County sheriff's office.
One of the first officers on the scene was Deputy Frank Lopez.
THE NEXT AFTERNOON, Saturday, May 15, Dreamer met up with his brother Angel to pick up tuxedos. The two brothers had dates to the prom at James Lick High School. Angel had arranged the evening. His girlfriend had a younger sister, age 18, who needed a date; the two couples went dutch.
They danced at the Decathlon Club, and posed for pictures. In one, Dreamer flashes the XIV hand sign. (XIV represents the fourteenth letter in the alphabet, N, for norteno.) Later, the foursome partied in a room at the Embassy Suites. The two brothers listened to a CD, Westside Connection, to a song titled, "The Gangsta, the Killa and the Dope Dealer."
According to Dreamer's prom date, she had another suitor in mind and preferred not to go with Dreamer. "But I was afraid of hurting Angel or David's feelings," she said. She added that Dreamer didn't mention what he had done the night before.
But that night, Dreamer did make an important disclosure to Angel. He told his brother, "Beto messed up bad and had to be dealt with."
Angel later told the grand jury, "He felt bad that Beto had to be murdered but it had to be done."
DREAMER'S TIME WAS RUNNING out. After his weekend at the prom, he left Angel's house and took refuge at a residence in Milpitas. For three days, Dreamer sat in the garage getting tattoos drilled into his skin by a friend, Chris "Joker" Alvarez. In a move that would later delight police and prosecutors, Dreamer had Alvarez illustrate the last month of his life on his forearm. Alvarez inked in two skulls, both with bullet holes, representing Viramontes and Beto. Above them, in block lettering, 187. In between the skulls, a smoking gun.
Alvarez was working on another tattoo, an Oakland Raider's shield on Dreamer's midriff, when they took a break one afternoon, May 28.
Dreamer's hosts had children, who were planning to go on a field trip with their schoolmates. As a favor to his hosts, Dreamer went along to chaperone the children. He walked his young friends to the school just a few blocks away.
As the yellow school buses lined up in the parking lot and parents and children waited to board, officers swarmed in on Dreamer. The arrest, according to the mother who harbored Dreamer, was troubling for her, her child, and "the entire school."
ONE OF THE FIRST people Dreamer ran into at the Santa Rita Jail in Alameda was Anthony "Chavo" Jacobs. Jacobs' duty, as the senior NF member in the jail, was to interrogate any Northern Structure or NF member regarding the circumstances leading to his arrest. Then, Jacobs was to file a report back to his superiors in Pelican Bay.
Jacobs described Dreamer as "bragging" about the Viramontes job. Dreamer showed off his new tattoos that told the story of his wild spring. Dreamer also relayed that the first time they approached Viramontes' home, and tried to kill him, Beto was supposed to be a shooter but chickened-out as he walked to the front door. Dreamer said Viramontes' rottweiller, "Camachili," was on a leash in the front yard, barking, and Beto wouldn't shoot the dog like Dreamer demanded. Instead, Beto ran back to the car, and Dreamer had to follow him. Beto, Dreamer said, "had a tattoo on him he had no right to have. He had to prove it." The second time around, Dreamer made Beto the driver.
Dreamer added that Beto was his second choice for the job. Originally, he asked his old friend Alex, a buddy from the ESH days, but Alex declined. Declining was the act of a traitor.
Dreamer also shared news that jarred Jacobs. Dreamer said he expected to get away with the Viramontes homicide at trial because the Campbell Police Department couldn't make a case. Jacobs challenged Dreamer about how he could be certain. According to Jacobs, "[Dreamer] said he had an uncle in the Sheriff's Department, and that he was leaking information about the case." Also, "He has an uncle who was plugged in, and he [the uncle] told him they had no case. He was keeping Dreamer abreast if there was any type of activity going on toward him."
Jacobs didn't show it, but he was terrified Dreamer was telling the truth. Jacobs, unbeknownst to Dreamer or anyone else in the NF, had already turned informant for the state, and worried Dreamer's police source would blow his cover.
WITH EVERYONE BEHIND bars, and the two homicide investigations filling up the evidence room, Bad Boy offered to make himself state's evidence. In early June, two months after his arrest, Bad Boy wrote a letter to Ana Spear, a Campbell PD homicide investigator, and listed his demands: He wanted all charges dropped, and to be moved to another state. He also wanted his immediate family put into a witness relocation program. "Their lives are in danger," he wrote.
Along with information on NF, Bad Boy also offered Spear explicit details about a police officer who "had given the gang information."
"You need to understand," Bad Boy wrote, "you have a cop who's telling."
One week later, Bad Boy sent Spear another letter, this time denying he'd ever turn on NF. In yet more bizarre behavior, Bad Boy later called Spear from jail and muffled his voice in an attempt to sound like his accomplice, Antonio "Chuco" Guillen. The masked Bad Boy told Spear that his friend, Bad Boy, needed to be placed in protective custody because a death sentence had been issued.
But Bad Boy tipped his hand when he pronounced Guillen with hard L's; the real Chuco pronounced the l's silent. To confirm, Spear phoned the jail and learned Guillen was on lock down--and Bad Boy was on free time, standing at the phone bank using the telephone. The next day, an anonymous woman, who would later be linked to Bad Boy, called Spear to say she had "incriminating evidence" fingering Chuco and Dreamer--and exonerating Bad Boy.
IN FALL 1999, the Santa Clara County grand jury convened. From the NF trials in the early '90s, county district attorneys Catherine and Charles Constantinides used grand jury testimony as their best weapon to root out contradictions. Members were more likely to trip over lies and half-truths in their sworn testimony before the case ever went to trial.
Ray Lopez , Deputy Frank Lopez's son, was the first person called. He worried the NF had a hit on him; he said Dreamer's mother told him so. He hadn't spoken to Dreamer directly since the Viramontes murder, he said.
Lopez was called back a second time where, under oath, he admitted to swerving around the truth. He was testifying under stress of believing his life was in danger. A few days after the Viramontes hit, Lopez now recalled, Dreamer had reached him by phone. And he had discussed the conversation with his father.
On the stand, deputy Frank Lopez said he knew his nephew was involved in gangs but paid so little attention he had no idea if his nickname was Dreamer or Sleepy. He said he attended the family barbecue celebrating David's release in 1998, but hadn't spoken to him since.
Deputy Lopez admitted briefing the Morgan Hill Police Department and his immediate supervisor about a planned murder at the Viramontes funeral. But he also copped that he never revealed that his son, Ray, and his nephew, Angel, were his confidential sources. He never suggested his kin speak with the Campbell homicide investigators, and never suggested to investigators that he had sources who might be relevant to the case.
In fact, Sheriff's Deputy Frank Lopez didn't tell anyone in law enforcement his family might have information on the Viramontes murder until early October--five months after he believed Dreamer "may be involved in a homicide" and a good four months after Beto had been killed.
WHEN DREAMER TOOK the stand, he was not in a bragging mood. He denied knowing much, if anything, about NF. He gave screw-you answers regarding his whereabouts during the Viramontes murder.
QUESTION: On Monday, April 19, what did you do in the morning?
DREAMER: Not really too sure.
QUESTION: What did you do in the afternoon?
DREAMER: Really don't recall.
QUESTION: What did you do in the evening?
DREAMER: Not too sure.
Yet when the questioning turned to his relationship with his Uncle Frank, Dreamer flatly denied his uncle helped the gang. Then, he suggested another officer had assisted the gang's cause.
QUESTION: Did you ever tell anybody that you had a cop who was giving you information on the gang?
DREAMER: Yeah.
QUESTION: Who?
DREAMER: Who did I tell it to?
QUESTION: Yes.
DREAMER: Some of my homeboys.
QUESTION: Why did you do that?
DREAMER: Because it's true.
QUESTION: Who's the cop?
DREAMER: Can't say.
QUESTION: Why?
DREAMER: The way I am.
QUESTION: Which agency does he work for?
DREAMER: Santa Clara.
QUESTION: County?
DREAMER: Yeah.
After listening to 73 witnesses over the course of three months, the grand jury indicted Dreamer, Bad Boy, Chuco and Night Owl. In March 2000, they all pleaded guilty and accepted deals.
Dreamer and Bad Boy each were sentenced 50 years to life for acting as the trigger men, and Chuco was sentenced to 25 years.
Rudy "Night Owl" Moreno, who had never been to prison, also got 25 years.
And although Beto paid with his life for not wiping the car of fingerprints, the issue was moot. Several witnesses at the La Valencia Apartments told investigators they saw the four men sitting inside the Explorer an hour before the crime. The assassins had munched on Jack-In-The-Box fast food and dumped their trash in the parking lot. Criminologists lifted prints off soda cups, straws and lids.
IN APRIL OF THIS YEAR, the federal government concluded "Operation Black Widow," a three-year, $5 million investigation of NF. Much of the groundwork had been laid by county prosecutors Catherine and Charles Constantinides. The federal indictment named 13 members, including Gerald "Cuete" Rubalcaba, the boss who greenlighted Viramontes, and the two other reigning La Mesa members, James "Tibbs" Morado and Cornelio "Corny" Tristan. The 13 defendants, six of them from Pelican Bay, are currently housed at a maximum security prison in North County Jail in Oakland where they |


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Lorenzi, C., Simpson, M.I.G., Millman, R.E., Griffiths, T.D., Woods, W.P., Rees, A. and Green, G.G.R. (2001) Second-order modulation detection thresholds for pure-tone and narrow-band noise carriers. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110 (5). pp. 2470-2478. ISSN 0001-4966
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Modulation perception has typically been characterized by measuring detection thresholds for sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) signals. This study uses multicomponent modulations. "Second-order" temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) measure detection thresholds for a sinusoidal modulation of the modulation waveform of a SAM signal [Lorenzi et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1030-2038 (2001)]. The SAM signal therefore acts as a "carrier" stimulus of frequency f(m), and sinusoidal modulation of the SAM signal's modulation depth (at rate f(m)') generates two additional components in the modulation spectrum at f(m)-f(m)' and f(m)+f(m)'. There is no spectral energy at the envelope beat frequency f(m)' in the modulation spectrum of the "physical" stimulus. In the present study, second-order TMTFs were measured for three listeners when f(m) was 16, 64, and 256 Hz. The carrier was either a 5-kHz pure tone or a narrow-band noise with center frequency and bandwidth of 5 kHz and 2 Hz, respectively. The narrow-band noise carrier was used to prevent listeners from detecting spectral energy at the beat frequency f(m)' in the "internal" stimuli's modulation spectrum. The results show that, for the 5-kHz pure-tone carrier, second-order TMTFs are nearly low pass in shape; the overall sensitivity and cutoff frequency measured on these second-order TMTFs increase when f(m) increases from 16 to 256 Hz. For the 2-Hz-wide narrow-band noise carrier, second-order TMTFs are nearly flat in shape for f(m) = 16 and 64 Hz, and they show a high-pass segment for f(m) = 256 Hz. These results suggest that detection of spectral energy at the envelope beat frequency contributes in part to the detection of second-order modulation. This is consistent with the idea that nonlinear mechanisms in the auditory pathway produce an audible distortion component at the envelope beat frequency in the internal modulation spectrum of the sounds. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.
Item Type: | Article |
Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Psychology (York) |
Depositing User: | York RAE Import |
Date Deposited: | 09 Feb 2009 16:24 |
Last Modified: | 09 Feb 2009 16:24 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1406160 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Acoustical Society of America |
Identification Number: | 10.1121/1.1406160 |
URI: | http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/7627 |

subset: commoncrawl


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Heneage Finch art links
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Heneage Finch at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Courtauld Institute of Art, London, UK4 works by or related to the artist Tate Gallery, London, UK Wichita Art Museum, Kansas National Art Databases and Museum Inventories:D'Outre Manche Database of British Art in French Public Collections
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The acoustic songwriting duo Storyhill returns to Moraine Park Technical College for a free lunch-hour performance at the Fond du Lac campus on Wednesday, April 9.
Chris Cunningham and John Hermanson grew up in Montana and have produced several albums. Their music is influenced by rock, roots, blues and country, mixed with their own unique sound to produce strong, melodic songs. In addition to traveling around the country as Storyhill, Hermanson owns a studio in Bozeman, Montana, while Cunningham is a producer at a St. Paul, Minn., studio and also performs with his band, Alva Star, and the rock band The Hopefuls.
The concert runs from 11:15 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. in the Cyber Center cafeteria. Lunch will be served from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.; the general public may purchase a meal for $5.
For more information, contact Adam Ninmann, Moraine Park Student Life, at 920-924-3101.


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UPON URSLEY. by Robert Herrick URSLEY, she thinks those velvet patches grace The candid temples of her comely face ; But he will say, whoe'er those circlets seeth, They be but signs of Ursley's hollow teeth. Candid, white. Source: Herrick, Robert. Works of Robert Herrick. vol I. Alfred Pollard, ed. London, Lawrence & Bullen, 1891. 247.
Site copyright ©1996-2002 Anniina Jokinen. All Rights Reserved. |


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Friday, August 25, 2006
I live?
Sitting very quietly today. Have had a migraine for two and a half days. It feels good to be able to sit up and not feel as if my head is going to roll off my shoulders and on to the floor and used as a ball by my dogs.
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Getting hungier by the day
Getting hungier by the day
I've been raw since April 17 (just a few weeks!). My first week, I was eating more food: salads, dehydrated breads (small pieces), sweets, fruit, crackers, snacks, smoothies, nuts, etc.
The second week, my appetite decreased and I was satisfied on a couple of green smoothies, a fruit smoothie with almond milk, small handful of nuts, 1 avocado, fruit, and just a few tiny snacks and a salad a day.
Now starting yesterday, its back up again. I had green smoothies, multiple pieces of fruit, avocado, 10 pecans, 1 Thai coconut, two large salads (one sprouts).
Today, I had a green smoothie (celery, romaine blueberries), some dehydrated eggplant, a few pecans, 1/2 cantaloupe, fenugreek sprout salad with 3 sun dried tomatoes and fresh basil blended with 1 tbs of EVOO, sand I felt like I had NOTHING. My stomach feels completely empty.
Is this normal? I feel like I should eat, but my mind is telling me no. I have this fear of overeating and gaining weight (though I've been losing). Is this hunger telling me I'm missing something from my diet?
i don't know why this happens but it happens to me too. Some days I'll be starving and my stomach will always be growling no matter what I eat and other days I will eat practically nothing and not be hungry at all. My feeling is that is depends on what you ate last those days before you are not hungry – like if it was something heavy and takes longer to digest so you still feel full and not hungry for a while. Just a theory – have no idea if that is it. If anyone knows the reason, please post it.
I believe at 2 weeks 'Raw' there is no such thing as normal. My detox period lasted at least 5 months. Everything was a roller coaster during that time. Energy, emotions, appetite. They were all subject to swings. I had understood this to be the case before I started so it was no surprise to me. I felt great [better than before] most of the time and that was good enough for me.
I know what you mean about 'fear of overeating and gaining weight'. I was 27 stone [363 pounds] a few years ago. I find even now that if I start thinking like I used to [full of fear] I can gain 15 pounds in 48 hours. Even if I am juice fasting at the time. 'Raw' works best for me when I use my mind only to decide 'Raw/Not Raw' and leave the rest up to my body.
Many people go 'Raw' with this 'everything raw is ok' & 'eat all the raw food I want' type of plan. It works for a lot of folks. Most also find that in time their system gains balance and they find their diet getting more simple. This was my exact experience.
I think it's unfrotunate that there are so many 'guidelines' and 'good raw/bad raw' information out there now. To me this only fills people with doubt and worry. I had the luxury of not reading all this stuff during my begining, and I am thankful for it.
I believe in the 'Placebo' effect of our mind and I think that believing in 'Raw' without doubts is a large part of my success. I have not found 1 set of guidelines that works for everyone, so to me they are useless.
I see plenty of success out their with people just keeping this simple. I believe you can overthink this stuff very easily. Especially at first, simple is best. I feel sorry for those who concentrate on percentages and daily weigh ins.
I say to you barose. You've just started, Eat for pleasure at first. Find something else to worry about and examine in detail for a few months. Most of us have wasted a good part of our lives thinking about our diet.
Celebrate 'Raw' foods. It's what nature intended! Believe in 'Raw', It does make sense you know.
Lots of Love & Support from me to you!
Well said Chris. I think I have said something like this in the past on another string, but may not have articulated it as well. I have just weighed myself because I had to buy a new size of pants, and I was curious. I am now down another 10 pounds. I have never worried about food combining, low fat/high fat, etc. My focus has always been just staying raw. That is all I focus on. I find recipes that I enjoy making and enjoy eating. I have notice that within the last 2 weeks, my body has made a big shift to a much simple-er way of eating. I am not making so many recipes, and have just been eating simple fruits and veggies for the most part. This was not a conscious shift, it just happened. Like I keep saying….trust and patience is the key to success in a raw lifestyle.
Well said Chris. Good advice.
Thanks everyone – good advice!
Chris, I so wish I haven't read so many guidelines myself in the beginning. It's hard to read about people who eat a few pieces of fruit and a smoothies a day, cut, cut, cut everything else and feel satisfied.
I realize I feel great eating a whole Thai coconut, a smoothie with raw cocoa, or a few goji berries. Sometimes I feel like I'm going against a scared raw covenant because I eat a variety of foods and I'm not simple enough.
I'm really enjoying myself raw now and I want to stay that way. I have to print up your responses (Chris and Spritedmama) because I do have to remember, that its only been two weeks, I'm OK as long as I stay raw, my body will continue to adjust for months, if not years and that I am pretty disciplined as it is: I make sure I don't eat a lot of nuts or avocados, but I wonder if I actually need more fat—at least for now.


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Sudoku Graphic 3.07
Sudoku Graphic Description
It is a new look on the popular Sudoku game. Now you can play not only with digits, but also with other high-quality images. You can print out the game at any moment and play on paper. You can send the game to your friends, using possibilities of your browser. You can change the sizes of a game field, replace game blocks and change a level of difficulty of the game. The Control Panel provides simple, intuitively clear interface. You can save game at any time and You can save any number of games...Screenshot


text:
Know all Men by These Presents, That we,
Harriet Kerr as
prinipal, and
George F Roots as
are held and firmly bound unto the State of Missouri, in
the just and
full sum of twohundred
Dollars, lawful money of the
United States, for the payment of which we
bind ourselves, our heirs, executors
and administrators, firmly by
these presents, sealed with our seals, and
dated this 6 day of
Aug A.D.
The condition of the above Obligation is such, that whereas, the said
Harriet has
applied to the County Court
of St. Louis County for, and obtained a
license to reside in the State of
Missouri, during good behavior: Now,
if the said applicant shall be of
good character and behavior during
her residence in the State of Missouri,
then this obligation to be void, else of full force and virtue.
J Thornburgh
Harriet her X mark Kerr
SEAL.Geo F Rootes
Harriet Kerr.
Filed Aug 6. 1853.
L F Lacy Clk


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What do you mean, 90 seconds strong? That sounds ridiculous! By the time you are done reading this article you will understand how measuring your strength in "seconds" can help you lose inches off your body.
In the most traditional strength training program, the average woman goes to the gym and does an average of about a dozen exercises for three sets of 12-15 reps each. Right? That's right, you know who you are. When you consider that the average set of 12-15 reps takes 15 seconds to perform (go ahead and time it for yourself), the three sets of 12-15 reps is only 45 seconds of work. If you multiply that time by the 12 exercises done throughout the workout, you will find that you have done a total of 540 seconds of work. That may not seem like a lot, but, between each set, you most likely will take a 60 second to 90 second rest period. Before you know it, the average person is spending 45 minutes to complete their workout. Further, all those reps pump your muscles, and may have made them 1/8th of an inch bigger.
Most women want smaller and tighter looking muscles. So let's shake things up and try something different. Do the following two exercises by following the steps below:
This move is basically the top part of a push up. Kneel on your hands and knees. Extend your legs and come into the Plank position by reaching back through your heels and forward through the crown of your head.
Amazing, isn't it. Those two exercises worked practically your whole body in THREE minutes and without pumping the muscles I might add.
If you assembled six exercises and did them in the holding fashion that I just described you would be getting the same amount of work that a 45 minute workout gives in only NINE minutes! There is no pumping, sweating or clothing changes required. Yet, you get a tighter body. You have no excuses! How can you not try it?
So, what if you can't make it to 90 seconds on each exercise? That's the beauty of this program… all you have to do is write down the length of time you could hold the exercise, and try to beat that time in the next workout. When you are able to hold the pose for 90 seconds…you are 90 seconds strong!


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by Geoffrey Ciani (Exclusive Interview by Jenna J & Geoffrey Ciani) - The most recent edition of On the Ropes Boxing Radio featured an exclusive interview with former three division champion Sugar Shane Mosley (46-7-1, 39 KOs), who is scheduled to challenge WBC junior middleweight champion Saul Alvarez (39-0-1, 29 KOs) on May 5. Mosley spoke about his upcoming fight with Alvarez and also discussed his future while providing opinions on the current landscape, including his views on the upcoming Mayweather-Cotto and Pacquiao-Bradley fights. Here is a complete transcript from that interview: JENNA J: Lets move things over to our final guest of this weeks show. Hes a returning one making his eighth appearance to On the Ropes Boxing Radio. Were joined once again by the former three division world champion Sugar Shane Mosley. Hows everything going today Shane? SHANE MOSLEY: Im doing very well. Im doing very good. JENNA: Alright well Shane, lets talk about the big news involving you that came out just this past week. Youll be facing off against Saul Alvarez on the May 5 under card of Cotto versus Mayweather. How do you feel about the fight? MOSLEY: Yeah Im looking forward to the fight and it should be a good one. JENNA: Okay so Shane, what do you think about the chance youre getting to face a young champion like Saul Alvarez? MOSLEY: Im very excited and very happy that Ive been given this opportunity. Im looking to seize the opportunity to get myself another belt, to get back into contention, and fight these fights that I know I want to fight. JENNA: Shane, so far with what youve seen from Saul Alvarez, what do you think about him as a fighter? MOSLEY: My thoughts on Canelo Alvarez, I think hes a great young up and coming emerging champion and future Hall of Famer hopefully. I know hes been training very hard and will try to win the fight. JENNA: Now Shane, do you think Golden Boy Promotions is giving you this opportunity because they feel that maybe youre not the same fighter that you used to be? MOSLEY: I dont know what their motives are, but I know basically Golden Boy Promotions and I think theyre a great promotional company and Im happy to have the opportunity to get into the ring and fight with a young warrior like Canelo Alvarez. JENNA: Okay but do you think they might be underestimating you to put you in with such a young champion like Canelo? MOSLEY: I dont know if that really matters whether they are underestimating me or not. The only thing that matters to me is getting into the ring and getting the victory. JENNA: Okay well Shane, lets talk about the last time we saw you in the ring. You had the chance to meet up with the pound-for-pound number one guy in the world at the time, Manny Pacquiao, and for whatever reason things did not go your way that night. Why do you think that was? MOSLEY: Well there are a lot of things that people dont know. Before I fought Pacquiao I had a bad Achilles, or I popped my Achilles in January, early January. I had the fight down and I thought maybe I could weather the storm, but I had to fight him in May. Some people, the doctors kept telling me, dont even walk until May with that type of injury. But I was able to fight Pacquiao and go twelve rounds. When I was in the corner with Nazim Richardson and I was telling him, You know whats wrong, I cant move. He knew what I was talking about, but he was saying, I know you got it in you! Keep going! Keep going! I know that have the Achilles that popped. I was telling him I had blisters on my right foot and my Achilles is popped on my left foot and he knows whats going on with me. Thats why he kept saying, I know you got in you! Just go out there and keep going because you got it in you! So I said alright and I just kept going, but I was very badly hurt in that fight. I was very badly wounded. I wasnt 100%, but this time unfortunately for Saul Alvarez I will be 100% and it will be a different fight. JENNA: So Shane what youre saying is the reason you were unable to get off with your shots was because of your Achilles injury? MOSLEY: Yeah. Being that me throwing punches would have left me open if I would have tried to come to Pacquiao and tried to step forward, when you have a bad Achilles we all know that you cant spring off your feet as fast as you want to. So I was a step behind Pacquiao and I underestimated Pacquiaos power. I didnt think that he would be able to knock me down, and he was able to. Me trying to just throw punches and throw caution to the wind would have been a bad idea, so I had to use my experience and get through the fight, which I did. JENNA: Shane you mentioned getting through the fight. At one point you did ask your trainer to stop the bout. How bad was the pain for you to feel like you could no longer continue? MOSLEY: I just told you what happened. Do you want me to repeat it? What happened was I told Nazim to stop the fight because he knew that I had a bad Achilles and that I couldnt move. I told him, I said, I cant move, so you know what Im talking about. But he said, No! You got it in you, so keep going! Because my Achilles was popped I couldnt move to my left, and I blisters and a cut on my right side. So I couldnt move and I was at very much of a disadvantage, but I just kept going. JENNA: Alright well Shane, now that you feel that youre 100% ahead of this fight with Alvarez, what things do you think you will need to be able to do to be successful in your return to 154 pounds? MOSLEY: I think that I need to make sure that Im in great shape, make sure that Im able to punch very hard and be very fast, and I know that I have a lot of experience. Ive been fighting longer than Alvarez has been alive. So I think that I have a pretty good advantage over Alvarez, even though his advantage is being younger. Actually you know whats funny? Whats funny is my son is the same age as Alvarez. My son is 21 and Alvarez is 21. That should be pretty interesting. JENNA: Alright well Shane Im also on the line with my Co-Host and Producer, Geoffrey Ciani. GEOFFREY CIANI: Hey Shane. Its a pleasure to have you back on the show. MOSLEY: Thank you! Thank you I appreciate it. CIANI: Shane when people think about your big victories, they talk about your fights with De La Hoya and your fight with Margarito, but one of your most underrated victories I think was your fight with Luis Collazo, where a lot of fans were counting you out and you kind of surprised the boxing world with how impressive you were. Do you think you can put on that same type of performance against Alvarez and surprise fans in the same way you did with Collazo? MOSLEY: Hopefully I can put in a better performance than I did with Collazo, even though Collazo was a great performance and he was a great young fighter, and prospect, and I think world champion. But I think for this fight I should be able to put on an even better performance and just make my name even bigger. Every time people keep counting me out, and here I am Im coming right back! Im just excited to be able to get this opportunity to fight a young tiger like Canelo Alvarez. CIANI: Now what did you think about Alvarez in his last performance, his victory against Kermit Cintron? MOSLEY: Well I had the opportunity of working with Kermit Cintron and I knew his mindset. I knew where he was at mentally. I think Alvarez got hit with a lot of shots by Kermit Cintron, and taking nothing away from Kermit, but like I said mentally he wasnt there. He was afraid of Canelo. I know if Kermit can hit Alvarez with that many shots that Im going to be able to hit him with a lot of shots, and I hit a little harder than Kermit. CIANI: Alright now Shane, when Alvarez fights for a young guy he tends to get a little gun shy at times, where he doesnt fight with a lot of youth and energy and he is kind of more like a poised veteran inside the ring. Do you think he will come out and be uncharacteristically more aggressive in his fight against you being youre now 40 years old? MOSLEY: I would like for him to fight aggressively, but slowing the fight down to a more experienced paceIve been in the ring with a lot of different fighters, but slowing the pace down will only hurt him. So I would expect him to try and pick up the pace, and that might hurt him too as well, because Im looking to have a great night May 5 against Canelo Alvarez. CIANI: Okay Shane. The main event on the card youre fighting in is of course the fight with Mayweather and Cotto, two former opponents of yours. Having been in the ring with both of those guys, what do you think about this fight? MOSLEY: I think its absolutely a great fight. I think Miguel Cotto, a lot of people underestimate his jab and underestimate his punches and stuff. I think Cotto is a very good opponent for Mayweather. I mean like everybody else I would have loved to have seen him in there against Manny Pacquiao, but if you had a second fight Miguel Cotto is definitely a great fight for him. I think it should be an interesting fight. CIANI: Now continuing with Cotto, one fight I always wanted to see a rematch for was your fight against Miguel. For whatever reason that just never came to be, but at any point did it ever seem like that rematch was going to become a possibility for you? MOSLEY: No it didnt, but Im looking forward to that match too as well. A rematch with Cotto would definitely be great! You know with a win over Canelo Alvarez I will then have the world title and I can definitely do a rematch with Cotto or a rematch with Mayweather. CIANI: Alright Shane, you brought up a moment ago that you would have preferred to see Pacquiao and Mayweather square off. But Pacquiao now has a different fight of his own and hell be taking on undefeated Timothy Bradley. Im just curious what do you think about this one? MOSLEY: Hey I think thats a great fight as well. Timothy Bradley is a young warrior. The only concern is if Timmy can take Pacquiaos punches. If Timmy can take Pacquiaos punches its going to be a great night of fighting. If he cant, because Timothy is very aggressive, then Pacquiao is going to win obviously. But if Timothy can take his punch pretty good and can weather the storm, they both have the same amount of energy, they throw a lot of punches, and its going to be an exciting fight. I cant wait to see that fight just to see how Timothy fares. I think Timothy is a great fighter and I think the world of him. I think hes a good fighter, a great fighter I should say. So I think all of the matches are good leading up to the next big fight. JENNA: Alright well Shane we just have a couple of more questions before we let you off the line. Boxing fans now are starting to suggest that Manny Pacquiao is on the decline based on the fact that in his fight with you he had some trouble dealing with you turning him. He looked less effective, and then in his following fight with Marquez he struggled quite a bit and some people arguably felt that he lost. Im curious do you think hes on the decline? MOSLEY: No I dont think hes on the decline. I think there were certain things that I did in that fight that Marquez used, and there were certain things that Marquez did in his fights before I fought Pacquiao that I used that kind of nullified Pacquiaos punches if you will. But I dont believe hes going down or anything. I just think when youre a skilled fighter a lot of times you start figuring them out, especially with Marquez. Marquez fought the guy three times and started figuring him out. Im sure if I fought Pacquiao again it would be a whole lot different. I would be 100% and I wont be just out there fighting. With this fight right here with Canelo Im going to show different things that wasnt the Sugar Shane that everybody was used to seeing. When they see this fight, when I do what I do, then I can move on to the next fight. In the next fight I can start where I want to be at. I have confidence in that! I have confidence that Im going to win the fight and Im confident that its going to be a spectacular night. JENNA: Okay well Shane, your last two losses are against the top fighters pound-for-pound in the world today. But if somehow in your fight with Saul Alvarez you come out on the losing end, do you think that might be a sign to you that you should think about hanging up the gloves? MOSLEY: I really dont think Im going to lose. I dont have any doubt in my mind that Im going to win this fight pretty good. But yeah, I mean if that was to happen depending on how it happens because anything can happen in the ring, but depending on how it happens yeah maybe Ill start thinking like that, start thinking about hanging them up or whatever. I just believe that a fighter like Alvarez shouldnt be really on my level. But like I said hes a great young fighter coming up, and hopefully hell be able to win titles again after the legend guys leave out. Hes still young. JENNA: If you do win the fight with Alvarez, do you think youll actually stay up at 154 pounds or will you move back down to 147 for the right opportunity? MOSLEY: You know I think that I would probably stay at 154. It looks to be my weight if you will. Im not sure, though. After the fight Ill know. JENNA: Alright now Shane earlier in the interview you mentioned that Canelo is the same age as your son. Im just wonder whats the progress been like with your son Shane Mosley Junior and him developing as a fighter? MOSLEY: Well right now were in camp training to go the Nationals in Colorado Springs, and if he wins that, that can enable him to go to the Olympics. JENNA: Alright well Shane Im down to my final question for you. You have a lot of fans out there and a lot of people who have followed you throughout your career. Is there anything you would like to say to them? MOSLEY: You know as usual I would like to thank my true fans for being great fans and for following me throughout my career and everything, and just for being great fans and being positive. JENNA: Alright well Shane, its been an absolute pleasure having you once again return to On the Ropes. I thank you for your time and Im looking forward to your fight with Canelo. MOSLEY: Thank you. I appreciate it. CIANI: Thanks Shane. Best of luck on May 5. MOSLEY: Thank you. I appreciate it. Thank you. *** For those interested in listening to the Shane Mosley interview in its entirety, it begins approximately one hour and two minutes into the program. RIGHT CLICK and 'SAVE AS' TO DOWNLOAD EPISODE #159 *** To learn more about On the Ropes Boxing Radio Visit our official Website: http://www.ontheropesboxingradio.com Subscribe to our show on i-tunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-ropes/id427474189 Join our Facebook Group: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=231954175413&ref=ts Or Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/JennaOnTheRopes http://twitter.com/CianiOnTheRopes To contact Geoffrey Ciani or Jenna J: firstname.lastname@example.com To read more by Ciani or Jenna please visit The Mushroom Mag: http://www.eatthemushroom.com/mag
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Our accounting functions are handled out of the agency's home office in another state; do I still need to provide a financial ledger?
Yes, if the accounting functions are handled at the agency's home office or another office, then it will be necessary for you to obtain the requested financial information prior to the scheduled compliance review. If the requested financial information is not provided for the review then you may not be in compliance with Florida Statutes 626.561 Reporting and accounting for funds.


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Guyana backing call for international probe of Gaza situation
The Government of Guyana today condemned what it says are "war crimes" being committed in the Gaza Strip and is backing calls for an international probe of the situation there.
The Government of Guyana statement follows:
The Government of Guyana continues to follow the tragic events obtaining in Gaza and condemns in the strongest of terms the deaths of hundreds of innocent lives including women and children. We also express our deep condemnation of the war crimes being committed and the Israeli air strike on the United Nations Shelter for refugees which has killed over a dozen people. Guyana deeply regrets this additional loss of life and injury. Moreover, the action has signaled a wanton disregard for the internationally renowned symbolism of the United Nations.
The Government of Guyana supports the call of the United Nations Human Rights Council to launch an international inquiry into the situation in Gaza and that those accountable should be brought to justice.
The Government reiterates its call for a peaceful and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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IAs a variant of Monaka project, I designed a MIDI-input device named 'airGuitar.'
As the name implies, it is a guitar like device; Tactile switches are used to choose one of chords, a distance-measuring sensor is used to trigger the virtual string. Note On/off signal of MIDI are generated and send to Personal Computers or iPad via USB-MIDI interface.
No extra driver is required for Windows XP or above, MacOSX, and iPads. I recommend GarageBand on iPad to use with airGuitar.
1. How it works
Tactile switches are used to choose a chord in airGuitar, then the chord is triggered by the movement of virtual string, which is captured by distance sensor. airGuitar generate s sequence of MIDI note to PC via USB-MIDI. As the device is a kind of guitar, it generate a chord, not one note, as default setting.
The schematic of airGuitar is similar to that of 'Monaka' project. I made airGuitar simple in order to reduce the number of parts used. In Monaka, the following function is implemented as hardware logic circuit, as Monaka is not designed not just for guitar like device in mind.
(1) For the handling of analog reading of distance sensor, a comparator is used to decide whether trigger is exist or not
(2) To reduce glitch of trigger, an one-shot multi vibrator circuit with a fixed time constant is used.
The functions above is implemented as software within airGuitar firmware. To reduce the number of parts further, the following changes are applied.
(1) RC oscillator inside Tiny861 is used instead of external Cristal oscillator
This technique is also used in Pepper project which make use of Tiny 45/ Tiny85
(2) Reduce the number of switch for chord to simplify the device
As the results, the following schematic is used for airGuitar.
2. Assemble
It is very easy to assemble airGuitar, as I designed PCB for airGuitar. If you want to design your own PCB, or use Universal PCB, please make sure to assign the tactile switch in order.
The following table shows the bill of materials.
Nane | Specification | Number | Notes |
CPU | Tiny861 | 1 | firmware must be programmed |
IC socket | 20PIN | 1 | |
distant measuring sensor | GP2Y0A21YK0F | 1 | need a screw to attach PCB |
USB B connector | for PCB | 1 | |
tactile switch | 6mm x 6mm | 10 | |
LED | red, green | 2 | any color will do |
register | 1K ohm, 1/6W | 2 | must adjust for brightness of LED |
register | 75 ohm 1/6W | 2 | |
register | 1.5K ohm 1/6W | 1 | |
register | 10K ohm 1/6W | 1 | |
ceramic capacitor | 0.1uF | 1 | |
chemical capacitor | 100uF / 16V | 2 | |
Zener diode | 3.6V | 2 | |
poly switch | 500mA | 1 | for the protection of USB port |
PCB | airGuitar | 1 |
When used with PCB, distance measuring sensor should screwed to PCB.
3. How to use
airGuitar works as USB-MIDI device attached to PC or iPad, without extra software drivers. You can play it with your favorite Desk Top Music (DTM) software.
The sensibility of distance measuring sensor is adjustable via USB-MIDI. I'm planning to make a program to adjust the sensibility.
4. Download the firmware
The source code of firmware is here.
When you want to program Tiny861 by yourself, you can find binary file under the folder named 'HEX' in the archive. You also need to re-program fuse bit of Tiny861 to the following values. Consult the manual of your programmer in details.
FUSEH = 0xcd
FUSEL = 0xe1


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Home › Games › Photo & Video Contests › Chihuahua Nation Chilloween Photo contest › Mommy I don't like dots
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Dhood4 6 years ago
he is so cute in that you rock its so cute ohhhhh!
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Carol L. 6 years ago
But they are so cute on you.
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I look around this forum quite often and I've seen a lot of people come up with some good ideas they'd like to see brought to life here on Envato. So how about a 'Ideas For Themes' aka 'Requests' section.
I for one design better with a bit of inspiration and I'm sure of somebody said they'd like to see one of these, for example, that we could all make some pretty cool stuff:
Martial arts website Modelling portfolio Game review website
..you get the idea.
So how about it Envato?
Uhm. They have that already Item Requests
Uhm. They have that already Item Requests
ha ha I never noticed that in front of my face – time for a break!. To be fair though, I was talking more about people chipping in ideas for themes to sell on TF, that link seems to be mostly people looking to hire someone.
Helpful Information
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Most of all, enjoy your time here. Thank you for being a valued Envato community member.


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"Wonderful Radio Show"
These are stories read by for the most part by professional actors from a New York & LA public radio series. The match of readings and reader are always interesting. All of the stories in this offering are good, but "On the U.S.S. Fortitude" is absolutely delightful. The radio show is a weekly hour-long show featuring similar readings including classic as well as modern short stories. I'd love to see them provide a weekly subscription and some old compilations which they released on cassette, particularly a wonderful baseball compilation.


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I just want more than anything for Facebook for iPhone to allow it to remember the damn "Most recent posts" setting every time I launch. Facebook for iPad does that just fine, but the iPhone version never saves the setting. They don't even have Most Recent feed on their Paper app. It's beyond annoying, who wants to see 22 hour old posts at the top of their feed? Unreal they don't give us a choice.. if anyone knows a way around this for iPhone, please enlighten me!
Facebook for iOS hits 8.0, brings speed and reliability improvements, updated design for iPad
Seems the developers at Facebook working on Facebook for iOS have been rather busy as of late. Just last month they released v7.0 that contained a few bug fixes but this time around they've jumped all the way to v8.0 that actually brings some notable changes for folks who like to share photos from albums in addition to an updated design for iPad users according to the change log that accompanied the update.
- A simple way to see and choose a photo album's audience
- An updated design that makes it easier to post and share on iPad
- Improvements for reliability and speed
Looking through the history of the updates, it's a bit of an odd occurrence that they went from v7.0 directly to v8.0 but as long as the app really is improved, we're not going to make too much of it. Have you grabbed the update yet? If so, let us know how it's working for you.
- Free - Download now
Have something to say about this story? Leave a comment! Need help with something else? Ask in our forums!


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Inactive ingredients Dextrose, lactose, magnesium stearate and natural banana flavor.
Orders placed by 1pm typically ship same day!
Herbs For Kids No More Monsters for Fears & Nightmares Banana is a homeopathy for kids for the temporary relief of nightmares, fear of the dark, night terrors and occasional sleepessness. Homeopathy for Kids mini tablets deliver gentle, all-natural remedies specifically developed for children. Their active ingredients are blended into each tablet, not sprayed on the surface, ensuring consistent delivery and dosing. These quick dissolving chewable tablets are slightly sweet and lightly flavored with a natural fruit flavor that your kids will love.
Use only as directed. For children 2 years and older give 3 tablets per dose dissolved in the mouth 30 minutes prior to bedtime and again at bedtime.
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The globe layer height properties.
Interfaces | Description |
IGlobeHeightProperties2 | Provides access to members that manipulate the extended height properties of a globe layer. |
IPersist | Defines the single method GetClassID, which is designed to supply the CLSID of an object that can be stored persistently in the system. IPersist is the base interface for three other interfaces: IPersistStorage, IPersistStream, and IPersistFile. |
IPersistStream (esriSystem) |


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The DRM dilemma facing the open web
Post from Gigaom. -
SFX IPO misses a step
Story from Reuters. -
Digital vs. vinyl - where it makes a difference
Post from Music Think Tank. -
Nicolas Jaar builds a label
Interview from Billboard.biz. -
Mary Lou Lord is still mad at Courtney Love
Story from The Hollywood Reporter. -
Sharon Jones returns to music
Story from LA Times. -
Spotify suffers service disruption in Europe
Story from The Guardian.


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Data from the 2013 Great American Physician Survey revealed majority of responding doctors expressed satisfaction with their career choices, and 60% said they would still choose the profession if given the option to reconsider. However, 37% of physicians said inadequate insurance coverage was among the biggest hurdles in providing quality health care for their patients, and 19% noted that insufficient time to inform patients about better health strategies was a key factor. The findings were published in Physicians Practice.
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Roundhouse (dwelling)
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2011) |
The roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan, originally built in western Europe, using walls made of stone or wooden posts joined by wattle-and-daub panels, and a conical thatched roof. Roundhouses ranged in size from less than 5m in diameter to over 15m. In the later part of the 20th century modern designs of roundhouse eco-buildings started to be built[where?] using techniques such as cob, cordwood or straw bale walls and reciprocal frame green roofs.
British Isles[edit]
Roundhouses were the standard form of housing built in Britain from the Bronze Age throughout the Iron Age and well into the Sub Roman period. They used walls made either of stone or of wooden posts joined by wattle-and-daub panels and a conical thatched roof and ranged in size from less than 5m in diameter to over 15m. The Atlantic roundhouse, Broch and Wheelhouse styles were used in Scotland. The remains of many Bronze Age roundhouses can still be found scattered across open heathland, such as Dartmoor, as granite 'hut circles'.
Most of what is assumed about these structures is derived from the layout of the postholes, although a few timbers have been found preserved in bogs. The rest has been postulated by experimental archaeology, which has shown the most likely form and function of the buildings. For example, experiments have shown that a conical roof with a pitch of about 45 degrees would have been the strongest and most efficient design.
Peter J. Reynolds also demonstrated that, although a central fire would have been lit inside for heating and cooking, there could not have been a smoke hole in the apex of the roof, for this would have caused an updraft that would have rapidly set fire to the thatch. Instead, smoke would have accumulated harmlessly inside the roof space, and slowly leaked out through the thatch.[1] Many modern simulations of roundhouses have been built, including:
Image | Name | Town | County | Country | Notes |
Barbury Castle | Swindon | Wiltshire | England | ||
Bodrifty Iron Age Settlement | Cornwall | England | |||
Brigantium Archeological Centre | High Rochester | Northumberland | England | ||
Butser Ancient Farm | Hampshire | England | |||
Cae Mabon | Wales | ||||
Castell Henllys | Pembrokeshire | Wales | |||
Cockley Cley, | near Swaffham | Norfolk | England | ||
Flag Fen | near Peterborough | England | |||
Mellor roundhouse reconstruction | Greater Manchester | England | |||
Peat Moors Centre | Somerset | England | Closed to the public 31 October 2009 | ||
Raincliffe Woods | Scarborough | North Yorkshire | England | Roof destroyed by fire April 2013. Timbers and thatch removed by Scarborough Conservation Volunteers. Walls undamaged. | |
Ryedale Folk Museum | near Pickering | North Yorkshire | England | ||
St Fagans National History Museum | South Glamorgan | Wales | |||
Scottish Crannog Centre | Loch Tay | Perthshire | Scotland | Roundhouse reconstruction on a man made island | |
Tatton Iron Age roundhouse and pit | Cheshire | England |
Modern British roundhouses[edit]
New designs of roundhouse are again being built in Britain and elsewhere. In the UK straw bale construction or cordwood walls with reciprocal frame green roofs are used. There is a manufacturer of contemporary Roundhouses in Cheshire, England, using modern materials and engineering to bring the circular floorplan back for modern living.
That Roundhouse is an early example of a modern roundhouse dwelling which was built in Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales without planning permission as part of the Brithdir Mawr village which was discovered by the authorities in 1998.[2] It is constructed from a wooden frame of hand-cut Douglas Fir forest thinnings with cordwood infill, and reciprocal frame turf roof based on permaculture principles mainly from local natural resources. It was subject to a lengthy planning battle including a court injunction to force its demolition before finally receiving planning approval for 3 years in September 2008.[3]
Irish crannógs are located in Craggaunowen, Ireland; the Irish National Heritage Park, in Wexford, Ireland
Trulli (singular: trullo) are houses with conical roofs, and sometimes circular walls, found in parts of the southern Italian region of Apulia.
Galicia – Asturias[edit]
A palloza is a traditional thatched house as found in the Serra dos Ancares in Galicia, Spain, and in the south-west of Asturias. It is circular or oval, and about ten or twenty metres in diameter and is built to withstand severe winter weather at a typical altitude of 1,200 metres.
The main structure is stone, and is divided internally into separate areas for the family and their animals, with separate entrances. The roof is conical, made from rye straw on a wooden frame. There is no chimney, the smoke from the kitchen fire seeps out through the thatch.
As well as living space for humans and animals, a palloza has its own bread oven, workshops for wood, metal and leather work, and a loom. Only the eldest couple of an extended family had their own bedroom, which they shared with the youngest children. The rest of the family slept in the hay loft, in the roof space.
- See also Castros in Spain
Round houses can be found in various countries in Africa,.[4] In South Africa they are known by the Afrikaans word rondavel.
North America[edit]
Modern roundhouses are being built such as the one at Dancing Rabbit ecovillage near Rutledge, Missouri, built of cob.[5]
Raun Haus, Papua New Guinea[edit]
Roundhouses are still in use in Papua New Guinea and are very similar to the ones built in western Europe.[6]
- ^ Aston, Mick (2001-10-05). "Peter Reynolds: archaeologist who showed us what the Iron Age was really like (obituary)". The Guardian (London).
- ^ "Secret village to be pulled down". BBC News. 1998-10-23. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ^ Barkham, Patrick (2009-04-12). "Round the houses". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2009-04-12.
- ^ Eric Rosenthal (1961–1978). Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa. London: F. Warne. p. 35. ISBN 0-7232-1487-5.
- ^ "Cob roundhouse".
- ^ "Raun Haus / Round Haus".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Round houses. |
External links[edit]
- Animation showing how an ancient British roundhouse may have been constructed
- Characterising the Welsh Roundhouse: chronology, inhabitation and landscape
- A 21st century iron age round house
- Some examples of Reconstructed Celtic Roundhouses


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After stopping to admire beautiful Montour Falls in its winter glory, we stopped to enjoy some hot chocolate in the village. It was a fun way to enjoy a winter day.
Montour Falls Decorated by Ice
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Let it Snow!
Here is a fun handmade snow "globe."
I made this one for Niamh's room, so it is kinda princess-y...but, depending on which image you choose, it could be made to look very Christmas/holiday--ish:).
Here is what you need:
canning jar with lid (I used a vintage one).
strong glue.
snow, the puffy kind and the little pieces kind.
a digital stamp (I used Princess Zella).
a game piece that will hold the image...
(the kind you find lying under beds and in corners of kid's bedrooms:)
and a pretty ribbon.
Print your image out and then flip it and print it out again. Color.
Cut both images out and glue together.
Make sure you keep a tab at the bottom.
Put some glue on the tab and slide it into the game piece.
(It is okay if there is some oozing glue:)...It will get covered by the snow!)
Put glue on the underside of your lid.
Place your game piece in the middle of the lid.
Surround her with some puffy snow:).
Pour a few table spoons of the sprinkle snow into the jar.
After your glue dries, turn the lid upside down and tighten the ring/cap.
Put a pretty bow around the bottom.
And place somewhere lovely for everyone to enjoy!
47 comments:
This is so cute! Such a lovely idea
Xx. Emma @ ever--so.blogspot.co.uk- AnonymousNovember 29, 2012 at 10:25 AM
Krista -
This is just the most beautiful and thoughtful gift EVER! LOVE IT!!!
Karen Gerek What a cool idea Krista! Looks fab too. Bet Niamh is gonna love that for her room! Very cool! So wish I had the time to have a go for Georgie, but right in the middle of trying to exchange and complete on our house sale! So uber stressed right now. I did find a minute to load up a sweet digi of yours I coloured recently for Tiets though, swing by and take a peek if you have a minute. Big hugs, Wends x
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The Photographic Community for the Four Thirds Photographer
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Lago di Massaciuccoli
Comment/Rate Critique Guideline Share this Image NO SUBJECT a very pleasing photo for its simplicity and clarity of details. the pp works for me on this one. george george shaw ♥ ¤1 at 15:02 EST on 2008-Jan-10 [Reply] NO SUBJECT Sometime simplicity is the best. This is simplicity at its best. Geno Sajko HoF Win ♥ ¤ $1 at 23:35 EST on 2008-Jan-10 [Reply] NO SUBJECT Simple and beautiful. Lovely work. Eugene Donohoe HoF Win ♥ ¤1 $ at 14:09 EST on 2008-Jan-26 [Reply] NO SUBJECT A very good compo. and color. The sense of size is great when you look at the birds. beautiful. Trond Hervik ♥ ¤ $1 at 09:22 EST on 2008-Jan-27 [Reply] NO SUBJECT Just amazing, no wonder you chose this as your best. The colour is just "out of this (my) world'. Martin Blunt ♥ ¤1 at 15:23 EST on 2008-Jan-27 [Reply] |
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slenderman full game (15 programs)
Articles slenderman full game
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Halloween is the perfect time of year to scare the crap out of yourself, and what better way to do... See more
How to download and install Slender
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This is the first video of the new Slender, the famous horror game that prevailed in 2012.
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Weapons of Mass Deception
Global Warming is good for you, and other cherished myths
Invisible wires control the public mind, journalist and activist John Stauber tells us. And while the propaganda-for-hire industry is nominally interested in public policy issues, its primary function is to enforce the status quo of power and wealth.
Founder of the Center for Media Democracy, Stauber has co-authored six books including the best-sellers, Toxic Sludge Is Good for You in 1995, Trust Us We're Experts in 2001, and a New York Times best-seller Weapons of Mass Deception in 2003. He has worked with or founded many nonprofit research, advocacy and community-based organizations.
"Propaganda," Stauber says, "works in a democracy to manage public opinion, public behavior, and ultimately public policy on behalf of the most powerfully vested interests, usually to maintain the status quo and protect those interests from the possibility of change.
"People tend to live in echo chambers more than ever. They get their information from sources that tell them what they want to hear or what they're used to hearing. They're quite comfortable with that. As somebody who studies propaganda, it's interested me how over the past decade especially the very wealthy Democrats who fund major environmental and social foundations, and who give money directly and indirectly to candidates, have succeeded in duplicating on the left the type of think tanks and propaganda echo chambers that has existed on the right since they days of Reagan. We live in a very partisan, divided country. In a political environment like we have here in the United States, that division can be very debilitative to what we've traditonally understood to be progressive politics."
Cascadia Weekly: Circling back to basics, what do you mean by "propaganda" and what distinguishes it from other public communication like advertising and journalism?
John Stauber: Propaganda is a fascinating subject, in part because—as someone once quipped—possibly the most successful propaganda campaign in the United States was convincing people we don't have propaganda.
Propaganda is a concept where people with money and resources get together and decide they are going to attempt to invisibly, without being noticed, manipulate the opinions, perceptions, behavior of a target audience in a way that benefits the initiators of the propaganda. One big difference between propaganda and advertising, which has a similar definition, is that advertising is usually really in your face. You are aware, hopefully aware, that some commercial or political interest is spending money to get out a message. Maybe a little critical thinking kicks in and you decide perhaps you should look deeper before you buy. But the whole idea of propaganda is invisibility, avoiding that critical thinking. In fact, if it is not invisible, it is not propaganda.
Americans think propaganda is something that existed in Stalin's Russia, or Hitler's Germany, or Saddam's Iraq. But those totalitarian systems don't really need sophisticated propaganda because those systems work pretty well to control public opinion. It's really in the United States and other Western democracies that propaganda exists as a necessary tool for control. Although propaganda is a very old idea, modern propaganda began out of the Woodrow Wilson campaign that sold World War I to a very anti-war, isolationist American public. The modern public relations campaign then went to work for petroleum industries, the tobacco industry and others.
Journalists are amazingly ignorant of all this. In part, it's a cognitive dissonance borne of the fact that journalism and public relations are taught together in college. But journalists prefer not to be consciously aware of how manipulated they are by the business of propaganda, unwilling to admit what a poor job they do of exposing public relations campaigns to the public. Meanwhile, good public relations campaigns typically target journalists and other trusted third-party sources of information to deliver their message. And, of course, good public relations firms can make life either very sweet or very miserable for journalists.
CW: You've come under fire recently for criticism of the organized progressive movements of the left, where you've compared them as equivalent to the status quo instruments of the right.
JS: The trend I'm observing is rich, elite donors behind major foundations and activist organizations like the Democracy Alliance very consciously launched what we have to say now is a very successful effort to create a Progressive Movement with tens of millions of dollars, which would ape and rival what was created on the right, all designed to get Democrats elected by focusing attention on how bad the Republicans and the right are.
One of the problems with these sorts of campaigns—I call them front group campaigns or astroturf campaigns—is they claim to be pursuing one thing—progressive issues like peace, health care, the environment—when what they're really doing is pushing Democratic Party candidates and Democratic President's stand on those issues.
If we're going to have a mechanism for fundamental change in this country—and God knows, we need it more than ever—it is not going to come from either political party. This new Progressive Movement came out of rich, liberal Democrats. And while we may know them and love them, the number one item on their agenda is getting Democrats elected. But if Republicans are elected, and the stock market roars and Wall Street has a bullish time, these millionaires and billionaires do pretty well there, too.
There are thousands of people in this country who represent the real progressive change movement, and almost all of them are not being paid to do anything, but lasting social change has to come out of the grassroots, it has to be accountable and transparent to the grassroots. This astroturf is top-down, funded by dark money.
CW: The conventional view of political parties is they are advocates of particular public policy initiatives. You're saying they're ineffective, or worse.
JS: The way I look at the two political parties is as a shared business monopoly. They get their funding from the same class of people, and the same corporate interests.
It's as if we had only two companies in the United States that sold soft drinks. Nothing exists as a soft drink except either a Coke or a Pepsi. It's illegal to start a new soft drink company; people could try, but it would never happen. So you have the Pepsi people saying, "Drink us, we're sweeter, we're hipper, we're more fun." And you have the Coke people saying, "No, no, no. Drink us. We're sexier, we've been around longer, we've got a curvaceous bottle." It's almost that vacuous.
The partisan divide is two sides of one monopoly held by the corporate elite over our democracy.
CW: And on the nonprofit or NGO side, you perceive lobbying for the sake of lobbyists.
JS: We can look back and see how incredibly little of real significance has been accomplished by, say, the environmental lobby over the past 40 years, even though they've raised and spent billions of dollars. At the grassroots, where people are fighting hard on issues of environmental protection and sustainability—stopping disastrous waste incinerators and "clean coal" power schemes—those fights are inevitably run by committed people not paid or salaried, with no budgets. That's the real environmental movement. This Big Green Environmental Movement is mostly a public relations campaign, with hired lobbyists and marketing campaigns designed to elect certain people to office.
CW: What would a genuine progressive movement look like in the United States? How might it be organized?
JS: There are numerous movements in America's past that have been incredibly successful, many of which took decades to organize and bring about, such as the civil rights movement, the end of Jim Crow laws, suffrage and women's right to vote, the end of slavery, all of which have lessons for us. One of the first lessons would be, the movements weren't started by rich people trying to elect like-minded politicians.
CW: Global warming, in particular, seems a difficult issue to develop traction around. First because its effects are slow-building. And, second, because a clock is ticking on this issue in a more precise way than, say, poverty and social equality.
JS: Yes; it is a clear global crisis. But we shouldn't be surprised that the corporations and politicians are doing almost nothing about it, because the economic status quo defined by giant corporations that are massive engines for gobbling up natural resources and converting that into products that create wealth that is more and more concentrated in the hands of the lucky few—something global capitalism does very well—is not going to be able to reform itself.
The global climate crisis is going to require an end of corporate capitalism as it is currently organized.
Anyone who expects Wall Street or politicians to act against what we might call the "Suicide Economy" is not realizing the degree to which the climate crisis is a merely a byproduct of an out-of-control capitalist system that has no brake.
This is tremendously good news, ultimately, because global corporate capitalism is corrosive at making a shrinking few richer and richer, and a growing majority worse and worse off economically. You can't address the climate crisis without recognizing that an economic system based on mindless consumption and debt has got to be radically and fundamentally transformed.
How do we do that? We do it democratically, through cooperative public involvement.
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