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Saft to deliver containerized Li-ion energy storage to Hawaii
October 28, 2011 5:34 am | News | CommentsSaft announces that its advanced Li-ion energy storage system (ESS) has been selected to support a new energy storage project on the Big Island of Hawaii. Saft will provide an ESS comprised of two Intensium Max 20E containers.
Saft selected by SOLON to supply Li-ion battery for Arizona energy storage solutions project
October 27, 2011 9:08 am | News | CommentsSaft was chosen by SOLON Corporation to provide a Li-ion battery for their Energy Storage Management Research and Testing (SMRT) site. The design and construction of the site will be managed by SOLON, in conjunction with Tucson Electric Power (TEP)...
Design Talk Live! Episode 001
October 26, 2011 10:54 am | Podcasts | CommentsIn this inaugural edition of Design Talk Live!, Technical Editor Jason Lomberg chats with Justin Ashton of XL Hybrids about the company's customer pilot tests with GM vehicles. They also discuss the general commercial viability of hybrid cars...
TE Connectivity and Juice Technologies Deliver EV Smart Charging
October 25, 2011 11:13 am | News | CommentsTE Connectivity (TE) and Juice Technologies, doing business as Plug Smart, announced today their teaming arrangement to provide smart Electric Vehicle (EV) charging solutions enabling customers to meter their EV's electricity consumption and communicate data via an innovative smart charging cord and socket. TE and Juice have a license agreement to bring this 120 volt (Level 1) charging solution to market.
Eseye opens US office to support Smart Metering customers in the Americas
October 25, 2011 6:46 am | News | CommentsEseye have today announced the opening of their office in Connecticut, New York, complementing the staff in the UK and European offices. During the year Eseye have seen rapid growth in their Smart Metering business in the US.
ESC Boston: Microchip Smart Home demo
October 24, 2011 9:18 am | Videos | CommentsSean Cappy of Microchip demoes their Smart Home technology at ESC Boston.
Combine High Power SMUs to Extend Component Testing to 100 A
October 22, 2011 8:03 am | by Dave Wyban, Keithley Instruments, Inc., www.keithley.com | Articles | CommentsThe latest generation of high power SMUs is capable of sourcing up to 50 A pulsed and measuring down to picoamps or microvolts. For applications that require even higher power levels, two of these instruments can be combined to extend their operating range.
ARM Introduces Its Most Energy Efficient Processor Ever
October 20, 2011 12:15 pm | Product Releases | CommentsARM today announced the ARM Cortex-A7 MPCore processor - the most energy-efficient application class processor ARM has ever developed, and big.LITTLE processing - a flexible approach that redefines the traditional power and performance relationship.
VIA Honored with Seven First Ever Taiwan Green Classics Awards
October 18, 2011 2:41 pm | News | CommentsVIA Technologies, Inc, a leading innovator of power efficient x86 processor platforms, today announced that the company has been honored with seven "Taiwan Green Classics Awards" from the Taiwan Ministry of Economic Affairs. The Taiwan Green Classics Awards were created to recognize
Fall: Energy Saving Changes with the Season
October 18, 2011 3:22 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsI'm sure you've noticed the change in seasons by now. Fall brings cooler weather, and with it my thoughts turn to warm things like putting blankets on the couch, enjoying my fireplace, and adjusting my thermostat (as little as possible, of course).
Renewable Energy: A Centuries-old Tradition
October 17, 2011 11:22 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsOne of the benefits of living in the Nation's capital is direct access to so many great museums. From outdoor works of art at the Sculpture Garden to live butterflies at the National History museum - there's something out there to spark your interest and feed your curiosity.
Have You Seen Our Energy 101 Videos?
October 14, 2011 9:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsThis week, Eric talked about the many clean energy videos that the U.S. Department of Energy provides to the public.
Study Finds 95 Percent of Americans Say Energy Efficiency Is An Important Issue
October 13, 2011 10:57 am | News | CommentsRexel announced the findings from an international study which cited that 95% of American consumers consider energy efficiency an important issue. The study further noted that while 89% of American respondents pay attention to their energy consumption, far less have taken steps to become more energy efficient when compared with their counterparts in France, Germany and Great Britain.
More Than a Million Cree LEDs Illuminate China's First Major Highway LED Lighting Project
October 13, 2011 6:32 am | News | CommentsHelping to further drive the LED lighting revolution, China recently completed its largest highway lighting upgrade with more than 10,000 street lights featuring more than a million Cree XLamp XP-G and XP-E High Efficiency White (HEW) LEDs.
ST Collaborates with Enel for Smart, Energy Saving Appliances
October 12, 2011 2:04 pm | News | CommentsSTMicroelectronics announced that Enel has selected ST to be its key semiconductor partner in the Energy@Home consortium
Videos on Clean Energy That Give You the Basics and More
October 11, 2011 3:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsOne of the most exciting things about the work that I do is having the opportunity to get out of the office and talk with the public about energy efficiency and renewable energy. Last month, we held the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011 here in Washington, D.C. at the...
What Do You Think About Solar Decathlon?
October 7, 2011 11:22 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsSolar Decathlon 2011 ran from Sept. 23 - Oct. 2, and the event was a great success! This week we highlighted a story from the Solar Decathlon News Blog, which announced Appalachian State University as the winner of the People's Choice award. Drew gave us a thoughtful recap of the event...
Thoughts on a Two-Year Race
October 5, 2011 6:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsIf you were in Washington, D.C. this past week, you probably heard about or even attended our biannual Solar Decathlon. This event started in 2002 - one month after I started working at the Department of Energy, as a matter of fact - and has just completed its fifth iteration. What began...
Cobham Technical Services supplies electromagnetic design software to Siemens Wind Power
October 4, 2011 6:54 am | News | CommentsCobham Technical Services has been awarded a contract for its powerful Opera electromagnetic design tool by Siemens Wind Power, a leading supplier of wind turbines for onshore, offshore and coastal sites.
Solar Decathlon: Appalachian State Wins People's Choice Award
October 3, 2011 7:22 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsOriginally posted on the Solar Decathlon News Blog on October 1, 2011. See original post
Alliance Formed to Drive Communications Standard for Smart-Grid
September 30, 2011 5:19 am | News | CommentsThe new Power Line Communications (PLC) technology transmits digital information through electrical power lines using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and is widely acknowledged to be the most reliable, secure and cost effective mode of communication for the smart grid today.
This Month on Energy Savers: September 2011
September 30, 2011 3:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsSeptember is a month full of changes: it marks the switch from summer to fall, and from vacation to school. But it also means something really exciting - the DOE Solar Decathlon! We've been tracking the event and showing you what's going on over the past couple of weeks. See what's...
PV Module Revenues to Decline in 2011 and 2012
September 29, 2011 4:17 am | News | CommentsRapidly declining PV module prices will result in the global industry revenues contracting in 2011 and 2012 according to the latest quarterly report from IMS Research. A huge oversupply of PV modules and fierce competition has led to module prices falling quickly throughout 2011...
What Do You Wish You Knew About Home Solar Energy?
September 28, 2011 11:21 am | by Energy Savers Blog | Blogs | CommentsSolar Decathlon 2011 is in full swing, and the Energy Savers blog is all about home solar energy during the event! If you aren't familiar with it, the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon challenges collegiate teams to design, build, and operate solar-powered houses that are...
Analog front end combines a typical signal-to-noise and distortion of 91 dB
September 28, 2011 6:02 am | Product Releases | CommentsThe MCP3903 AFE combines a typical signal-to-noise and distortion (SINAD) of 91 dB and total harmonic distortion (THD) of -104 dB to give you industry-leading accuracy for smart metering and power monitoring applications.


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Inventory of the Laurel Club records, 1952-2001
Historical NoteThe Laurel Club was a women's bridge club in San Antonio, Texas. Scope and Content NoteThis collection includes minute books, yearbooks, correspondence and a member list.
RestrictionsAccess RestrictionsThis collection is housed at UTSA's Main Campus and must be accessed via the John Peace Library Special Collections reading room. To request access, please use the Collections Request Form. Usage RestrictionsThe researcher assumes full responsibility for observing all copyright, property, and libel laws as they apply.
Related Material
Administrative InformationPreferred Citation[Identification of item], Laurel Club records, MS 232, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections. Acquisition InformationReceived from Fern Burke in March 2007 (Acc. 2007-029). Processing InformationMore detailed processing is not anticipated at this time. Inventory of the Laurel Club records |

subset: commoncrawl


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This is the third in a series of reports by the Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter. The committee was convened by the National Research Council (NRC) in January 1998 at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) following directions from Congress in EPA's fiscal year 1998 appropriations report. The congressional request for this study arose from the uncertainties in the scientific evidence used by EPA in reaching the July 1997 decision to establish new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). Anticipating the next scheduled review of the standards in 2002 and every 5 years thereafter, Congress appropriated substantial funds for a major research program to reduce the scientific uncertainties. It also directed EPA to arrange for this independent NRC study to provide guidance for planning the research program and then monitoring research progress for the 5 years of 1998-2002.
The committee's first report, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio, was released in 1998. It proposed a conceptual framework for a na-
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Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
Executive Summary
This is the third in a series of reports by the Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter. The committee was convened by the National Research Council (NRC) in January 1998 at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) following directions from Congress in EPA's fiscal year 1998 appropriations report. The congressional request for this study arose from the uncertainties in the scientific evidence used by EPA in reaching the July 1997 decision to establish new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). Anticipating the next scheduled review of the standards in 2002 and every 5 years thereafter, Congress appropriated substantial funds for a major research program to reduce the scientific uncertainties. It also directed EPA to arrange for this independent NRC study to provide guidance for planning the research program and then monitoring research progress for the 5 years of 1998-2002.
THE COMMITTEE'S 1998 and 1999 REPORTS
The committee's first report, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio, was released in 1998. It proposed a conceptual framework for a na-
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tional program of PM research, identified 10 high-priority research topics linked to key scientific uncertainties relevant to setting policy, and presented a 13-year, integrated "research investment portfolio" including recommended short- and long-term scheduling and estimated costs of the research. In developing its research recommendations, the committee did not undertake to judge the adequacy of the scientific foundation for EPA's 1997 decision to establish the new PM standards, recognizing that such policy considerations extend beyond the realm of science, and the committee was neither charged nor constituted to undertake a review of the standards.
In its second report, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio, released in 1999, the committee described its plans for monitoring the progress of the research. In addition, the research recommendations from the committee's first report were updated, and two of the recommended research topics were substantially revised.
Congress and EPA have given strong support to the recommendations presented in the committee's first two reports, as indicated in Table ES-1, which shows funding levels budgeted during fiscal years 1998-2001 for EPA's PM research and related technical work. In contrast, the fiscal year 1997 funding level for PM research and related technical work was about $21 million. EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) has shifted its PM research program to respond
TABLE ES-1 EPA Funding for PM Research and Related Technical Work (millions of dollars)
Enacted Budget
PM research
Related technical work
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to the research priorities identified by this committee in its first two reports. The overall effort involves inhouse research studies at EPA laboratories and centers, EPA funding of university-based research centers and investigator-initiated competitive research grants, and enhanced collaboration with other agencies and organizations. The majority of the funding has been used to support inhouse studies in EPA. Substantial research is also being funded by other governmental and nongovernmental agencies.
In preparing this, the third report, the committee began the task of assessing the progress made in implementing the PM research program. The committee has matched the PM research projects sponsored by EPA and other institutions against the committee's recommended research portfolio to assess the extent to which ongoing research is addressing the major issues that decisionmakers will consider as they review the scientific evidence relevant to the PM NAAQS. For each of its 10 priorities, the committee then evaluated current and planned research activities with six criteria: scientific value, decisionmaking value, timing and feasibility, multidisciplinary interaction, integration and planning, and accessibility of information. The first three criteria were applied to the specific priorities while the last three were considered as overarching and applying to the full program.
The committee reviewed the progress made in implementing PM research from 1998 (the year in which the research portfolio was first recommended by the committee) until the middle of 2000. Because this period represents the initial stage of the PM research program, the committee's assessment necessarily focused more on current and planned research projects than on published results. Therefore, the committee's evaluation should be viewed as an interim review of the PM research program which will be updated and modified in the committee's final report in 2002.
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Research Topic 1. Outdoor Measures Versus Actual Human Exposures
In its first report, the committee recommended that information be obtained on relationships between total personal exposures to particles (the exposure measured by placing a monitor directly on a person) and outdoor concentrations of PM. Specifically, the committee recommended that groups of 10-40 persons should be studied over time to examine the relationship between their personal exposures to particles and the corresponding outdoor concentrations. There was also a recommendation that these studies include not only healthy persons, but persons considered to be "susceptible" 1to PM.
Considerable research is under way on the relationship between ambient particle concentrations and personal exposures. While more time than expected has been taken to initiate these studies, many of the elements of research topic 1 are being addressed. Collectively, the studies are assessing general population exposures to PM and gaseous copollutants (such as ozone) and potentially susceptible subpopulations (such as asthmatics). Personal exposures are correlated with outdoor ambient exposures, but the correlations differ among people depending on their activities and other factors. The current studies are expected to expand greatly the database on personal exposures and the influencing factors, such as indoor PM concentrations, human activities, and characteristics of the places where people spend time (microenvironments).
Preliminary results from the studies have contributed to understanding of the relationship between personal exposures and outdoor concentrations and have added data from potentially susceptible groups. However, the pattern of findings is still based on a small number of studies, and replication of the results will be needed from current or recently completed studies in other cities before firm conclusions can be drawn.
In using the term "susceptibility," the committee refers to an increased risk at a particular exposure that is greater for "susceptible" people than for healthy people.
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Research Topic 2. Exposures of Susceptible Subpopulations to Toxic Particulate-Matter Components
The committee previously recommended that after obtaining and interpreting results of studies from research topic 1, studies be conducted to examine human exposures to specific chemical constituents of PM considered relevant to health effects. The recommendation included exposures to both the general population and potentially susceptible subpopulations. Methods of measuring some characteristics of the particles to which people are exposed are available and being field-tested for this purpose, including various physical properties (such as particle number and size) and chemical characteristics (such as presence of sulfate, nitrate, and carbon and other specific elements). In addition, methods for measuring personal exposures to some gaseous pollutants—such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide—are available.
The results of the studies in research topic 1 should facilitate the design of cost-effective protocols for future population-exposure studies related to priority 2 that focus on PM components considered in determining toxicity. These studies will be directed at properties of particles found to be important in toxicological and epidemiological studies. Because the research needed to determine PM toxicants is still in progress, the committee expects that research activities related to priority 2 will not begin for a few years.
Research Topic 3. Characterization of Emission Sources
The third research topic recommended by the committee was measurement of the size distribution and chemical composition of PM emissions from key sources. In addition, characterization of the emission rates of reactive gases that can form particles on reaction in the atmosphere is needed, including emission data on sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and ammonia.
Although the scientific merit of the work under way to develop new source-testing methods is high, potentially greater benefits for decisionmaking would emerge from more-complete and more-accu-
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rate knowledge of particle emissions by size and composition. To obtain the needed data, EPA should expand its source-testing program substantially over the next several years. At the same time, EPA should develop a comprehensive plan for systematically using the emissions test results to create a comprehensive emission inventory for the nation based on standardized tests of pollution sources. There is still ample opportunity to plan and conduct such a program over the next 5 years, and the results will be needed to develop cost-effective programs for reducing PM exposures.
Research Topic 4. Air-Quality Model Development and Testing
Source-oriented models are used to estimate the concentration of airborne particles at specific locations. Receptor-oriented models look backwards from a location towards the sources of particles. Research topic 4 calls for research to develop, test, and evaluate source-oriented and receptor-oriented models that represent the linkages between emission sources and ambient concentrations of PM. Comprehensive source-oriented models for PM are still under development. However, before such models are ready for regulatory applications, they require more-certain emission inventories (as described under the previous research topic) and an improved knowledge of the chemical and physical processes that determine the size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particles. To enhance receptor-oriented models we need better mathematical tools for identifying informative patterns in the spatial and temporal variability of particle concentration and composition. To be used with confidence, the results from receptor models and source models should be cross-compared and also validated against observations from intensive field-measurement campaigns.
Current studies are expected to make substantial contributions to our understanding of chemical and physical processes that determine the size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particles. However, additional research is needed to develop, test, and evaluate source-oriented and receptor-oriented models. In general, there has
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not been sufficient effort to evaluate and compare the models developed by EPA and others. There has been inadequate attention to organizing and carrying out field studies to provide the data needed for thorough evaluation of existing models.
The ambient-PM monitoring program should provide an essential foundation on which intensive field-measurement campaigns can be built. However, little effort is being given by EPA to leveraging its investments in the PM monitoring program in order to provide field data for model evaluation.
Research Topic 5. Assessment of Hazardous Particulate-Matter Components
The committee's previous reports outlined an agenda to improve understanding of the role that specific PM characteristics (such as particle-size distribution, shape, and chemical constituents) play in determining toxicity for the health outcomes associated with PM exposures. Research was also recommended to develop experimental models, including PM surrogates, for use in toxicity studies. As the committee's recommendations are followed, epidemiological research will assume increasing importance because of the need to establish linkages in the population between PM sources and health effects as a basis for setting standards and implementing control strategies.
To date, new work on this subject has been based largely on toxicological approaches. The question of whether biological responses to PM are nonspecific—that is, are due merely to inhalation of any particle —or depend on specific PM properties is a critical focus of current research. There is considerable research evaluating physiochemical properties of PM in relation to biological effects. However, the effort has generally focused on only a few chemical characteristics, with the largest body of work involving metals—which are found at very low concentrations in the atmosphere. Other potentially important PM characteristics (such as particle number, concentration, and surface area, as well as specific particle constituents, including bioaerosols and organic compounds) have received less attention.
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Current work is beginning to address the issue of exposure and dose measures other than mass concentration, although most studies continue to evaluate health effects in relation to total or size-specific mass concentration during exposure. The committee is unable to identify any studies under way that incorporate experimental PM surrogates that can mimic daily, seasonal, and regional variabilities of particle characteristics. Such experimental agents are needed so that research can be focused on specific components. Timely research is also needed to develop animal models that more closely mimic human heart and lung diseases. Study designs should give greater consideration to the relevance of the high doses used in many controlled-exposure studies and the typically low exposure levels to some components of ambient PM.
In epidemiological investigations, because insufficient monitoring data for specific particle characteristics have been available, opportunities for testing hypotheses related to the characteristics have also been somewhat insufficient, and few studies have incorporated substantial monitoring of both particle concentration and other specific characteristics of particles.
Epidemiological studies need to include sufficient exposure assessment to provide findings to guide toxicological studies of PM characteristics. However, because the populations in prospective epidemiological studies are often large, it is generally not feasible to obtain personal exposure measurements for all subjects. Opportunities should be sought to apply research models that combine toxicological and epidemiological research. In addition, consideration should be given to new population-based approaches that could be useful for hypothesis-testing and eventually surveillance. A number of studies in progress should provide information on the risks posed by ultrafine particles.
Research Topic 6. Dosimetry: Deposition and Fate of Particles in the Respiratory Tract
In its first report, the committee recommended studies to improve scientific understanding of the deposition, translocation, and clear-
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ance of particles deposited in the respiratory tract. Although the dosimetric studies under way are at a level of effort meeting the committee's recommendations, there is not yet sufficient focus on the specific information needs described by the committee. To the extent that those research needs are being addressed and in light of the previous lack of dosimetry data for persons who have respiratory abnormalities or in animal models of those conditions, the scientific value of the work is generally high. Nearly all the work builds on previous knowledge in an incremental way and will lead to a more integrated understanding of PM-related health effects.
Only a small portion of the work has addressed characteristics other than age and sex; there has been insufficient work on the impact of respiratory diseases. The committee called for development and validation of mathematical models for predicting deposition and clearance in abnormal lungs. However, there has been only modest advancement in the modeling of dosimetry in potentially susceptible people and very little effort to validate the models. Efforts to improve interspecies-extrapolation models continue in a few laboratories, but there has been little effort to validate the models. There has also been little effort to assess dosimetry of any type in animal models of human respiratory abnormalities. Many potentially important aspects of respiratory abnormalities—such as microdosimetry in tissues and cells, bioavailability of particleborne compounds, translocation and clearance, and handling of diverse particle types—have been addressed very little.
Research Topic 7. Combined Effects of Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutants
Because ambient PM is part of a pollutant mixture also containing gases, any biological effects attributed to PM in an observational study might also reflect contributions of gaseous pollutants. Research relevant to this topic should include toxicological and clinical studies that examine the effects of gaseous copollutants on the toxicity of PM.
Although research to assess if gaseous copollutants can affect the toxicity of PM has been increasing, the current controlled-exposure
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research on this topic is not adequate. Particles can be concentrated in urban air for research in experiments, including exposures of human volunteers. The concentrated particles are referred to as concentrated ambient PM (CAP). The particle concentrators do not concentrate gases; approaches should be sought to augment CAP with concentrated gaseous pollutants or to scrub out specific unconcentrated gases from CAP. Furthermore, there appears to be insufficient toxicological research effort on the role of gases in influencing particle toxicity in comparison to the effort directed at studies of specific components of PM, absent gaseous copollutants. However, the epidemiological research portfolio for this topic is relatively strong; most epidemiological studies of PM include data on gaseous copollutants. Although the array of PM exposure indicators across the studies is broad, most include results of monitoring the principal gaseous pollutants of concern, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and irritant hydrocarbons. Sample sizes of the studies range from obviously too small (and consequently uninformative) to adequate, so that some studies should have enough data to provide insights into combined effects.
Most research for this priority is directed at acute effects of relatively short-term (modeled or directly measured) exposures to ambient particles. In its second report, the committee recommended that increased efforts be undertaken to conduct epidemiological studies of the effects of long-term exposures to particle constituents, including ultrafine particles. However, effects of chronic exposure are being considered in only a few studies, and the current studies model long-term exposure on the basis of relatively recently measured exposures combined with historical extrapolations. There does not yet appear to be a systematic, sustained plan for implementing human chronic-exposure studies, including examining ultrafine particles.
Research Topic 8. Susceptible Subpopulations
Several groups in the population have been considered susceptible to air pollution in general and to PM specifically. In each subpopu-
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lation, there is likely to be a range of susceptibility. Taken together, current research efforts are expected to provide a rigorous evaluation of PM risks to susceptible subpopulations with chronic diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary arterial disease, heart failure, and hypertension. The evidence exists primarily in relation to PM mass as an exposure index. A complete understanding of risks in susceptible subpopulations will require research that cuts across several areas, including exposure, dosimetry, toxicity mechanisms, and epidemiology. There is a general need for improved and validated animal models of human disease. In much of the experimental work, the investigators are studying relatively young animals, perhaps in the first fourth of their normal life span. In contrast, a substantial portion of the human diseases of concern occurs in the last quarter of the normal life span.
Research Topic 9. Mechanisms of Injury
The major potential biological responses which have been suggested as underlying the reported human health effects from ambient PM exposures include oxidative stress, pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and alterations in the cardiovascular system, such as changes in blood viscosity, heart rate and pattern of beating, and heart rate variability. The issue of mechanistic plausibility has been addressed with a number of approaches: animal models, in vitro systems, and clinical models. In studies examined by the committee, about half of the studies on mechanisms involve animal toxicology, and the other half are roughly evenly divided between clinical and in vitro studies.
It is encouraging that numerous animal models are being used to measure the effects of exposure to PM. However, a substantial number of studies have reported exposing healthy normal animals to particles; this may not be an informative approach for modeling the consequence of exposure of susceptible humans. Even though animal models of cardiac and lung diseases are being used to investigate the
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effect of particles, their relevance to humans must be carefully considered. Before they are used, the models need to be well characterized and validated relative to human disease.
Many laboratories can conduct in vitro studies. The current and planned in vitro studies are designed to investigate several components of PM with a number of outcomes, such as inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, release of oxidants, and oxidative stress responses. The issue of age-dependent responses, as well as modulation of responses in cells from susceptible subjects, is also being investigated. A few studies have been designed to assess dose-response relationships. However, the committee is unable to identify any current in vitro studies that have used relevant low doses to test the validity of conclusions for specific mechanisms but instead have used unrealistic high doses. Despite those shortcomings, which need to be rectified, comparative in vitro toxicity studies to establish concepts and elucidate mechanisms of PM toxicity are valuable additions to the database.
The current and planned studies of human volunteers are designed to investigate CAP and several specific characteristics of PM (such as size, acidity, and associated metals) with a number of local and systemic end points. Studies are under way in potentially susceptible populations and are planned in other subgroups with pre-existing diseases. Despite the small number of facilities available for carrying out human exposures, the array of studies under way should provide valuable information on PM toxicity.
Research Topic 10. Analysis and Measurement
In its previous reports, the committee outlined several methodologic issues that need further study. They included the choice of statistical methods for analyzing data obtained from studies, especially epidemiological studies. Because more than one method can be used to analyze data, it is important to understand the extent to which use of alternative methods might influence the analytical results. There is a critical need for analytical methods that will aid in
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characterizing exposure-response relationships at low exposures, including the range of concentrations found in ambient environments in the United States.
The recent research appears to address the research gaps and needs identified by the committee. That is especially true of measurement error and harvesting issues. 2 This research is new, however, and experience needs to be gained with the methods as they are refined and used to analyze data sets. Data that will allow further testing applications of the methods are either available or being collected. The value of the research will increase as it is applied to more—and in some cases better—data sets. The value will also increase when the various studies, methods, and results can be compared and synthesized.
The committee identified several overarching issues based on application of its three evaluation criteria (that is, multidisciplinary interaction, integration and planning, and accessibility of information) for assessing the implementation of the PM research program.
Disincentives and Incentives for Multidisciplinary Interaction Among Particulate-Matter Researchers
Institutional and cultural obstacles often discourage attempts to perform research across disciplines, agencies, and institutions (including public, private, and nongovernmental organizations). Such obsta-
Harvesting issues are concerned with questions of whether deaths occurring in response to air pollution are those of people who are highly susceptible and near death or the air pollution advances the deaths of people who are not otherwise near death.
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cles tend to sustain historical tendencies to conduct research within particular disciplinary or organizational boundaries (for example, toxicology versus epidemiology, EPA versus DOE, or government versus industry).
In viewing such disincentives as they apply to the inter-related tasks of conducting PM research, the committee recommends that a series of incentives be established, or in some cases continued, to orient professional and institutional policies, practices, and behavior in favor of joint planning and information exchange. These incentives should include the following:
Encouraging federal-agency PM research programs to give greater priority to integrated, multidisciplinary projects.
Developing a unified, cross-agency federal budget for key PM research initiatives (that is, a "virtual-agency or multiagency budget" for PM research). The committee is aware that the Air Quality Research Subcommittee of the interagency Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR)3 has undertaken such budgetary coordination for PM research. The subcommittee is encouraged to extend this coordination to the greatest extent practicable.
Conducting regular and frequent multisponsor, multidisciplinary gatherings to build a common community of PM investigators with the goal of determining whether or not the research under development is being adequately integrated for the purpose of achieving the principal goals of the PM research program. A series of triennial colloquia and other meetings have largely met this goal.
CENR is part of the National Science and Technology Council. The overall aim of the Air Quality Research Subcommittee is to enhance the effectiveness and productivity of the U.S. air quality research, and to provide a better scientific basis for decisionmaking on policies designed to improve air quality.
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Integration and Planning Particulate-Matter Research Across Federal Agencies
The committee has emphasized the critical need for the federal government to provide comprehensive and integrated management of the PM Research Program. Without such management in place, it is likely that many useful individual research projects will not be synthesized into a coordinated, multidisciplinary program to ensure that key PM research questions are answered.
Since the committee's second report, measurable progress has been made in several aspects of integrating and planning the conduct of the PM Research Program:
EPA established a formal management structure, led by a senior PM program manager within ORD. This has enabled the initial development of multiyear research budgets (an important initiative) and regular reporting of budget priorities and progress toward addressing the committee's research portfolio. In addition, the assistant administrator for ORD had tasked its Board of Scientific Counselors to review the management of the program in detail and provide specific recommendations on how to improve it.
Across the federal government, the charter of the Air Quality Research Subcommittee of the CENR has been expanded, and efforts are under way, as a critical first step in creating an integrated federal strategy, to create a complete federal inventory of PM research and to make it available through the Particulate Matter Research Activities web site (www.pmra.org). On the basis of the inventory, the subcommittee is now developing a strategy for integrating PM research that is sponsored by federal agencies.
Those efforts have provided the PM research program with the potential to be well integrated and well planned. Although it is too early to assess the effectiveness of current management efforts fully, several aspects of the current management structure pose potential challenges to successful implementation of the PM research program.
OCR for page 1
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
ORD has put in place a formal management structure that should help to ensure program success, and there have been initial efforts to integrate health, exposure, and atmospheric research interests into the ambient air monitoring system. EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) has responsibility for the monitoring program and participates in EPA's PM research management structure. Although it has taken steps to integrate research needs into the implementation of the ambient monitoring program, OAR should strive to develop a stronger management system for its PM technical program which is comparable to the PM management system within ORD. An enhanced management structure for the PM technical program within OAR is needed to ensure full coordination with ORD, to catalyze active involvement of the state air agencies in developing and managing the speciation network (a key source of future data to support health research), and to develop fully the source-emission inventories needed for accurate source apportionment.
Also, past efforts to coordinate federal research have shown that this type of unified management strategy cannot be readily achieved. Sustained efforts on the part of the CENR Air Quality Research Subcommittee will be needed to ensure that these next, more-challenging steps are accomplished.
On balance, many of the elements for successful integration and planning of the PM research program have already been put in place. Successful efforts to address these remaining planning and integration challenges are critical to ensure that the maximum research return is obtained from the sizeable investments currently under way.
Connecting Research Management to Standard Implementation
The continuing process of planning and applying research in ambient air-quality standard development is part of an established process that includes preparation of EPA's air-quality criteria documents and the staff papers to inform the review of air quality standards. Both documents undertake a synthesis of existing peer-reviewed scientific information and present technical implications relevant to selecting
OCR for page 1
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
among the policy options for standard setting. The scientific community and the broader public have long participated in the process of reviewing the adequacy of scientific information and its application in the above documents.
There is a need to extend more effectively the application of research planning and management and scientific review into the standards-implementation process. This need exists because of the many scientific uncertainties associated with implementation, including how to account for regional variations in airborne PM characteristics and long-term changes in PM air quality due to changes in economic activities. Therefore, the committee recommends that EPA develop a research-management strategy to address key uncertainties concerning implementation of air-quality standards for PM.
Accessibility of Information
The committee has found the ongoing research-projects inventory initiated by the EPA and Health Effects Institute (HEI) to be a useful means for interested parties to track research in progress as the body of PM research continues to grow. The database can also be used to identify and plan future research. Efforts should continue to develop and maintain the database, and make it widely known and used by scientists in government, the private sector, and universities, as well as the broader public.
In addition to the PM research inventory database, the committee identified the need for the PM research program to provide information on its planning, budgets, progress, and results to parties that have an interest in PM research. Such parties could include other research organizations, public-health and environmental organizations, industry groups, health professionals, the interested public, and the news media. Information about PM research plans and results should be easily and effectively accessible. And, enhanced efforts should be used to inform and engage interested parties in understanding the multidisciplinary aspects of research results.
Throughout the PM research program, there have been efforts to
OCR for page 1
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
enhance accessibility to publicly funded data for scientists and others, as evidenced by the provisions of the "supersite" program and other elements of the air-quality measurement program for central archiving and public data access. In response to legislation, recent revisions to federal grant-making rules have broadened access to the data created by federally funded research.
Overall Evaluation of Particulate-Matter Research Progress
Although the initial phases of the nation's PM research program have shown promise, and a substantial number of peer-reviewed publications are forthcoming, there is as yet insufficient evidence for the committee to predict the program's ultimate effectiveness. In general, the PM research program, following on the committee' s priorities, is appropriately addressing many of the key uncertainties. However, as discussed in this report, there are a number of critical specific subjects that should be given greater attention. Because research results are coming more slowly than originally expected, managers of the research program may need to adjust the timing of future research activities.
EPA and other organizations have made progress in integrating the full range of research approaches into the implementation of the national PM air-quality measurement system. However, key shortcomings (such as inadequate efforts to provide for data analysis) have limited the agency's ability to plan for and take full advantage of the wealth of new data on air quality likely to emerge from the system. EPA and other organizations will need to support research to ensure that success is achieved.
What Is Success?
As the committee continues its evaluation of PM research progress over the next two years, it will seek information to determine the extent to which the research program has provided measurable
OCR for page 1
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
growth in knowledge that informs the policy-relevant issues that scientists and decisionmakers must resolve in reviewing the NAAQS for airborne PM. It will also assess the full scope of research results obtained from the individual scientific disciplines in relation to the 10 research priorities; its overall assessment will consider how much understanding has been advanced in the committee's paradigm from sources of PM exposures to health effects. In addition, the committee will consider the degree of acceptance by public and private decisionmakers and interested parties of the quality and relevance of the scientific information obtained. A key determinant will be the extent to which the research findings inform the setting of future NAAQS for PM, namely, identification of the indicator (such as PM 2.5), concentration of the indicator in air, time over which measurements are made or averaged, statistical form of the standard used to determine the allowable number of exceedences, and the effective and efficient implementation of emission-control programs to achieve the NAAQS. In the future, it will also be important to ask whether the PM research and this committee's role offer a model for conducting major research initiatives on other key areas, such as endocrine-disruption effects of chemicals and potential health impacts of genetically engineered organisms.
OCR for page 1
Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: • III •
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The Statue of Liberty National Monument and the Ellis Island Immigration Museum are important pieces of American history and icons of freedom around the world. If you are with the media and looking for information about the Statue of Liberty National Monument or the Ellis Island Immigration Museum, or want the most up-to-date news, start here.
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STATUE CRUISE OFFERS HARBOR TOUR FROM BATTERY PARK Press Release - November 5th, 2012
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RING IN 2011 FROM THE BEST SEAT ON THE WATER Press Release - December 14th, 2011
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Crossing a Continent by Water to Another City by the Bay New York Times - December 8, 2007
Statue Cruises to commence operations on January 1, 2008. National Park Service news release 8/22/07 (PDF)
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This exclusive Vanilla Bead tutorial teaches you to create Kumihimo braids and cord for use in jewelry - or anywhere else you need a decorative cord! Our exclusive tutorial includes step by step illustrated instructions with helpful tips and design ideas. A template is provided at the end of the tutorial so that you can make your own Kumihimo disk. Discover for yourself the fun and beauty of Kumihimo!
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Ben Folds -- Lawrence, KS -- October 26th, 2009
Sixth time. Best time! Good crowd, great song selection. And it was just him and his piano, only the 2nd time in like...6ish years. Amazing.
Dog Annie Waits All U Can Eat Effington Gone Sentimental Guy Emaline Jesusland Still Fighting It Unreleased song (The Secret Life Of Morgan Davis) Unreleased song (Girl [I think]) New Song - Picture Window New Song - Levi Johnston's Blues New Song - Belinda You Don't Know Me (feat. Kate Miller-Heidke) Kate Landed Freebird/Rock This Bitch Bastard Dr. Yang Such Great Heights (Postal Service Cover) Army Evaporated Zak and Sara Happy Birthday to Sydney Not The Same Encore: Song for the Dumped Narcolepsy Philosophy 10/10 First time seeing Evaporated (fapfapfap), Song for the Dumped, and I think Emaline. I think it might be the first time I've seen him do Such Great Heights, too. Freebird is a Lynyrd Skynyrd cover and they can shred so it's definitely okay to post this set here. The opener was Kate Miller-Heidke from Australia and she's the 2nd best opener I've ever seen with Ben Folds (first would be Rufus Wainwright). She did an excellent cover of Toxic by Britney Spears.
2/19 - 1349 2/26 - Nappy Dappy 3/8 - Title Fight 3/17 - New Found Glory 4/7 - Weedeater |
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The significance of subclassification in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study of clinical features in 141 patients. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 6622608 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Within a sample of 141 female anorexia nervosa patients comparative investigations were carried out between three subgroups: dieters, binge-eaters, and vomiters/purgers. A number of significant differences were found, especially with respect to age and duration of illness, previous treatment failures, and long-term outcome. The results appear to support the authors' view that the static idea of anorexia nervosa as a unitary illness should be abandoned and replaced by a dynamic dimensional model according to which, in the course of time, changes may occur in the clinical picture of dysorectic patients. |
W Vandereycken; R Pierloot |
Related Documents
17717748 - Nutritional status of infants with neonatal cholestasis. 8256648 - Intoxication in manic patients following chaotic self-administration of lithium. 2494158 - Long-term use of valproate in primary psychiatric disorders. 2402408 - Ocular manifestations and impression cytology of anorexia nervosa. 22847208 - Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be superior to conservative therapy f... 6786028 - Delayed high dose contrast ct: identifying patients at risk of massive hemorrhagic infa... |
Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
Title: Psychological medicine Volume: 13 ISSN: 0033-2917 ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Med Publication Date: 1983 Aug |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 1983-11-23 Completed Date: 1983-11-23 Revised Date: 2004-11-17 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 1254142 Medline TA: Psychol Med Country: ENGLAND |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 543-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Adolescent Adult Anorexia Nervosa / diagnosis*, psychology, therapy Body Weight Diagnosis, Differential Diet, Reducing / psychology Eating Female Humans Hyperphagia / psychology, therapy Prognosis |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Understanding Insomnia Medications (cont.) IN THIS ARTICLE
How Is Insomnia Treated?The management and treatment of insomnia depends on the underlining cause or causes. If a person has a medical or neurological problem, treatment directed at the primary disorder may improve insomnia. Also if insomnia is caused by taking certain medications, tapering or withdrawal of those medications should be considered. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 1/8/2015
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"The world has an 'historic opportunity' to contain and end three of humanity's deadliest scourges by focusing on their 'hot zones,' according to Mark Dybul, the newly appointed director of the Geneva-based Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria," the Atlantic reports in an article examining a "paradigm shift" in the global health response. "Dybul said that a better understanding of the epidemiology of the diseases makes it clear there aren't what have been called 'generalized' epidemics, even in hard-hit countries, but there are what he called 'micro-epidemics,'" the magazine writes, noting the shift, "first modeled in the PEPFAR program ... also focuses on delivering measurable results, such as how much mortality has declined and how many new infections have been averted" (Andriote, 2/13).
This article was reprinted from kaiserhealthnews.org with permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent news service, is a program of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonpartisan health care policy research organization unaffiliated with Kaiser Permanente.
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Job Details
Position Information
Title | Program Instructor |
Salary | $7.25-$9.50/hr |
Description | YMCA Camp Bernie in Port Murray, NJ is seeking energetic and engaging individuals for part-time Program Instructor positions this fall. An ideal candidate loves the outdoors, working with children and adults, and has a strong appreciation for and understanding of our natural environment. Strong skills in customer service is preferred. Work, volunteer, or educational experience in environmental studies, education, camping or recreation is a plus; as well as certification in CPR, First Aid, Archery, and/or Lifeguarding. If you can represent the YMCA Core Values of Honesty, Caring, Responsibility, and Respect and would LOVE working outdoors teaching nature, hiking, climbing, boating, archery, survival, teambuilding and crafts to kids, we'd like to talk to you! Hours vary, but are mainly weekends. Occasional weekdays are possible for those available/interested. Complete an application: http://campbernieymca.org/images/downloads/application_employment.pdf |
Application Deadline |
10/18/2013 |
Preferred Application Method |
Hiring Organization
Name | YMCA Camp Bernie |
Description | YMCA Camp Bernie sits within the Schooley Mountains in the northernmost area of Hunterdon County, New Jersey; approximately 1.5 hours from New York City. The camp sits on 275 acres of hilly forests and beautiful streams feeding the Musconetcong River. The surrounding areas include an additional 500 acres of protected county park property including trails and outdoor opportunities in our own backyard. The summer months are warm during the day and cool at night with a refreshing mountain breeze. The Ridgewood YMCA and Association offices are located in Bergen County, New Jersey, approximately 1.25 hours from YMCA Camp Bernie YMCA Camp Bernie's property was settled in 1872 as a working farm owned by Peter Lance. The land changed owners multiple times before being purchased as a summer gathering home in 1941 by Leonard Goldstein, who re-named the property Idalu Acres. In 1956, the Ridgewood YMCA bought 248 acres and named the camp after Bernard Forester, in thanks to his work with the community and children. Maple, Birch, the Wellness Center and Cabin 3 were all original homes for the Goldstein family to host friends and family. The main house was originally constructed in 1865 and the dining hall was barn, converted by the Ridgewood Y in 1957. Since opening YMCA Camp Bernie, the Ridgewood YMCA has constructed Turrell Lodge, Jaqua Lodge, the Hill cabins, the Main Office and the Executive Director's house. An additional 30 acres of property were later purchased from the opposite side of Turkey Top Road. Camp Bernie has been in continuous operation since 1957 and serves over 15,000 guests annually through Outdoor Education, Group Rentals and our traditional overnight and day summer camp programs. |
Industry | Recreation |
Web site Address |
http://campbernieymca.org |
Hiring Contact Information
Name | Julie Jester |
Title | Senior Program Director |
Email Address |
firstname.lastname@example.com |
Mailing Address |
327 Turkey Top Rd. Port Murray NJ 07865 |
Phone Number |
908-832-5315 |
Fax Number |
908-832-9078 |
Alumni? | No |


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Kristin Perry, et al v. Arnold Schwarzenegger, et al
Filing 18
Filed clerk order: The amicus brief [16] submitted by Center For Constitutional Jurisprudence is filed. Within 7 days of the filing of this order, filer is ordered to file 7 copies of the brief in paper format, with a green cover, accompanied by certification, attached to the end of each copy of the brief, that the brief is identical to the version submitted electronically. [7489522] (FT)


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Turkey should be Ousted from NatoReader comment on item: Does Turkey Still Belong in NATO? Submitted by Matthew (United States), Apr 16, 2009 at 15:05 Based on the recent behavior by the Turkish Prime Minister, Mr. Erdogan, it is in the best interest of NATO and the Western World to remove this threat to international peace and liberty from their ranks. Appeasing the Islamofascists in Ankara will only embolden them, and there are plenty of parallels throughout history showing this. Instead of allowing them to continue their deviant and undemocratic behavior unhindered, we should instead show them, collectively, that they are not welcome in the civilized world if they are still stuck in a 7th century mentality. And as to Turkey becoming a member of the European Union, that is without question completely unacceptable. Turkey is not, and never will be, a part of cultural Europe, and having a group of undemocratic, provincial and backward people in an increasingly civil EU would be a step backwards, not forwards. Note: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the authors alone and not necessarily those of Daniel Pipes. Original writing only, please. Comments are screened and in some cases edited before posting. Reasoned disagreement is welcome but not comments that are scurrilous, off-topic, commercial, disparaging religions, or otherwise inappropriate. For complete regulations, see the "Guidelines for Reader Comments". Submitting....
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Related Articles: Movies, All |
The Last MistressLust, No Cautionby Rossiter Drake on Jul 18, 2008Catherine Breillat, the French director of Fat Girl and a celebrated provocateur, has acknowledged that her films tend to be preoccupied with female sexuality and its power to sway the hearts and minds of men. Her latest, the luscious, early-19th-century drama The Last Mistress, is no exception. From the start, it seems to focus on Ryno (newcomer Fu'ad Aďt Aattou), a dashing young libertine ready to renounce his scandalous ways for a life of marital fidelity. His longtime mistress, a tempestuous Spaniard named Vellini (Asia Argento, fearless and physically imposing), has other ideas. She acknowledges her lover's desire for stability and upward mobility in the arms of a pretty but hopelessly chaste aristocrat (Roxane Mesquida). Problem is, she doesn't particularly care -- and neither, after a time, does he. Based on Jules-Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly's controversial novel, published in 1851 and quickly condemned as a wholesale endorsement of extramarital promiscuity, The Last Mistress isn't really about Ryno as much as it concerns Vellini's power to win him back, time after time and against his nobler instincts. She is steely in her resolve and manipulative when it suits her, but Vellini is hardly invulnerable. As the unlikely heroine in a tale of dangerously compulsive liaisons, she freely indulges her passions, if only because the alternative is heartbreak. Ryno, who imagines himself capable of greater self-control, tries to embrace monogamy, but it doesn't take. He, too, is a slave to passion; he just happens to be less self-aware. Ryno's betrayal of his naďve bride is a crushing but seemingly inevitable humiliation for her, and though it leaves a bittersweet aftertaste, there is undeniable joy in witnessing his reunion with Vellini. These are fierce creatures who submit to temptation with a consuming zeal, and while there is rarely tenderness in their affections, there is very real love. That their unconventional romance incurs the contempt of their peers matters little to them. Ryno is branded a shameless rogue, Vellini a whore, but so what? In their furious embraces they find something close to bliss, and that, for them, is enough. For us, it comes as a welcome relief. Ryno and Vellini are neither calculated nor wicked, unlike the mischievous anti-heroes of similar period pieces like Dangerous Liaisons and Valmont; they are simply bound to each other by forces even they do not understand. Aattou plays his role with the supreme self-confidence of a man in control, his deep blue eyes radiating calm, but Argento seems to know better. She is a wild, physical force, a primal fury who could only be resisted if she were to allow it. Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars by Rossiter Drake on Jul 18, 2008 |


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The fund, established by an anonymous donation in honor of Manor resident Gertrude Campanella, will present awards annually to a Saint Elizabeth Manor staff member looking to advance their career in patient care through education.
This year's awardees are: Nathan Andrade of Bristol, studying to become an XRAY technician; Jennifer Correia of Warren, studying to become a registered nurse; and Meghan Jordan of Bristol, studying to become an occupational therapy assistant.
Gertrude Campanella, 101, said she believes in giving back and supporting those around her. She has been a resident of Saint Elizabeth Manor in Bristol since 2009, and during her years residing at The Manor she has always taken great interest in those around her.
Ms. Campanella said she enjoys talking with staff about their interests and goals, and encourages continuing education as a way to attain those goals and achieve professional advancement.
"I always tried to help others, not always financially," she said. "I would do what I could to help in different ways. I was surrounded by family that would strive for a good education and work hard."
The scholarship fund reflects Ms. Campanella's desire to provide opportunities for employees seeking to advance their careers through education.
Saint Elizabeth Manor, located on Dawn Hill Road in Bristol, is a provider of long term care and short term rehab and is a member of Saint Elizabeth Community, a not-for-profit provider of care and services to seniors with ten RI locations.
For more information visit Saint Elizabeth's website, www.stelizabethocmmunity.org.


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Many Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in the World Religions, Tenth Edition | 978-0-205-79711-0
ISBN-13: 9780205797110 See more
Author(s): Robert S. Ellwood; Barbara A. McGraw
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Explore Religions of our World.
For more than three decades this introduction to the world's religions, Many Peoples, Many Faiths, has combined factual information with empathic writing that seeks to convey the flavor of our planet's diverse religions and cultures. This classic work helps students gain a sense of each religion's unique characteristics while tackling some of today's most critical religious issues. It is written in an engaging style and has been fully updated--with fresh insights and information on each of the world's major religions, along with new religious movements.
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Share Smack in the middle of Granma's southern coast, backed by a sweeping wave of mountains, is the resort of Marea del Portillo. Accessible from Granma's west coast and 150km southwest from Bayamo, the resort is set on a black-sand beach which looks impressive from a distance, but like a muddy field close up. It won't be most people's first choice for a beach holiday, although the white sands of tiny Cayo Blanco just offshore go some way to making up for this. Appealing largely to older Canadians and Germans, as well as a few families, Marea del Portillo doesn't have the universal appeal of some resorts, especially as there is little infrastructure – just two hotels on the beach and another nearby, plus a dive shop. The surrounding countryside is beautiful, however, including the picturesque El Salto waterfall, and there are eighteen dive sites, including the El Real Spanish galleon sunk in 1846, to keep keen divers busy. Read More
More about Cuba Explore Cuba Havana Artemisa and Pinar del Río Varadero, Matanzas and Mayabeque Cienfuegos and Villa Clara Trinidad and Sancti Spíritus Ciego de Ávila and Camagüey Northern Oriente Santiago de Cuba and Granma Isla de la Juventud and Cayo Largo Inspiration Things not to miss Explore Cuba Itineraries Features Gallery Where Next? Check out Cienfuegos and Villa Clara Latest Discussion Essentials Essentials Fact file Getting there Getting around Accommodation Food and drink Health Money The media Festivals Sports and outdoor activities Culture and etiquette Shopping Travelling with children Travel essentials


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3 Johnny Articles
Cinematographer Ashok Kumar's health critical!
11 months ago 0The veteran lensman is currently admitted in ICU at SRM Hospitals Ace southern cinematographer Ashok Kumar Agarwal is battling for life in the… Read Article ▶
J Mahendran: Illayaraja's music has been my films' soul
1 year ago 0Two veterans reunite yet again! Veteran writer-filmmaker J Mahendran, who is teaming up with maestro Illayaraja for the 12th time for a yet-untitled… Read Article ▶
Rajinikanth praises Sridevi after watching English Vinglish!
3 years ago 1The South Superstar, who has shared screen space with Sridevi in many movies, including the evergreen 16 Vayadhiniley, Chaalbaaz and Johnny, recently… Read Article ▶
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Firehouse.com Weekly Drill: No. 56
Drill # 56: Stretching Hose
Readers will learn the six distinctive questions that firefighters should be asking themselves as to why they are stretching hose.
The drill is designed to be a single page of information to conjure up discussions among your crew members. Sit down and talk about the exercises, and how they may apply to your company. But, just don't read them. Get moving. Head to an appropriate area and train.
Post the information in prominent places in your stations so it's readily available for review.
Please remember to check your Standard Operating Procedures or Guidelines (SOPs/SOGs) before using the drill.


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These are vacancies in the
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Administrative Unit
Expectations Duties and Responsibilities Qualifications Salary Closing Date Relationship Term of position Start Date
The West Virginia Board of Education and the West Virginia Department of Education do not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, disability, age and national origin in employment and in administration of any of their education programs and activities. Inquiries may be directed to the Office of Human Resources at (304) 558-2702 or to the Section 504 Coordinator at (304) 558-2696, West Virginia Department of Education, 1900 Kanawha Boulevard, East, Charleston, West Virginia 25305; or to the Office of Civil Rights at (215) 656 8541 [TDD (877) 521-2172], U.S. Department of Education, 100 Penn Square East, Suite 515, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-3323.
West Virginia Board of Education
1. Ability to work independently.
2. Demonstrates self-control and exhibits an attitude of mutual respect.
3. Is ethical and demonstrates good work habits.
4. Punctual in meeting deadlines.
5. Demonstrates an ability to work effectively with numerous entities, including county school systems, West Virginia Department of Education (WVDE) officials, higher education representatives, regional and local community organizations, various associations, and federal agencies.
6. Ability to travel extensively.DESCRIPTION OF POSITION:
The position will require the successful applicant to function as the WVBE's liaison to all agencies and organizations for which the WVBE has oversight, including, but not limited to, Regional Education Service Agencies (RESAs), institutional education programs, Office of Education Performance Audits (OEPA), and the West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and Blind (WVSDB).
Responsibilities for the Coordinator of West Virginia Board of Education Agencies will include but not limited to:
1. Connect the goals and priorities of the WVBE and WVDE to the RESAs, institutional education programs and WVSDB.
2. Serve as the on-ground liaison to agencies listed above.
3. Examine statutory requirements for RESAs and determine degree of compliance in RESAs.
4. Review RESA operations for efficiency.
5. Assist in the determination of the WVBE agencies' strategies to implement the goals and priorities of the WVBE.
6. Provide leadership in developing and implementing programs, organizational plans, and financial plans consistent with the mission and policies of WVBE.
7. Maintain records consistent with state and federal laws, rules and regulations.
8. Inform the WVBE of progress, concerns, resource needs, encountered in all agencies.
9. Assist in developing shared services between counties and RESAs.
10. Provide technical assistance to agencies through securing expertise, advice and research to assist the agency in meeting the goals and priorities of the WVBE.
11. Provide regular communication regarding the status of the agencies at monthly WVBE meetings.
12. Interface with the WVDE in the oversight of institutional education.
13. Attend committee meetings related to institutional education.
14. Attend RESA Advisory Council meetings when scheduling permits.
15. Attend WVSDB Advisory Council meetings when scheduling permits.
16. Assist in the evaluation of OEPA's capacity to staff and manage the accreditation process.
17. Communicate the efficiency and effectiveness of OEPA, institutional education and RESA operations.
18. Assist in drafting, reviewing and submitting grant applications.
19. Work with the President, other WVBE members and the WVDE Communications Office to craft press releases and appropriate responses to reporters, particularly in response to issues in the agencies.
20. Respond to requests from members of the WVBE for advice and information.
1. Demonstrates effective facilitation skills.
2. Demonstrates knowledge of the strategic planning process.
3. Demonstrates the written, oral and technology communication skills needed for the position.
4. Demonstrates the ability to interact collaboratively with a variety of stakeholders.
5. Demonstrates a proven ability to meet timelines and deadlines.
6. Possesses the financial expertise to manage budgets and manage the organization to operate within the budget guidelines.
7. Demonstrates a proven ability to write and manage grants.
West Virginia Board of Education (WVBE) staff is employed upon recommendation of the WVBE President and are state employees. No representative or employee of the state is authorized to enter into any employment contract or other agreement. WVBE staff work under the direction of the WVBE President for the general supervision of the free schools in the state and implementing the policies of the WVBE and other necessary tasks as determined by the WVBE President or his/her designee. Each employee is "at-will" and subject to termination by the West Virginia Board of Education at any time, with or without notice, cause or compensation.
1. Master's Degree or equivalent combination of education and experience.
2. Has prior successful experience in leadership and supervision.
Candidates for employment must complete an official application form that may be obtained by contacting the Office of Human Resources at (304) 558-2702. The application may be downloaded at http://wvde.state.wv.us/hr/. Three letters of reference, a resume, a transcript of both undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded and a letter detailing your interest in the position must accompany the application.
$72,368.00-$79,368.00 (Commensurate with educational level and years of experience.)
Position will remain open until filled by a qualified applicant as determined by the WVBE. Consideration of applicants will begin on December 19, 2013, and position may be filled at any date thereafter.
Virginia Harris, Administrative Assistant/Secretary to WVBE
WV Board of Education
Building 6, Room 351
1900 Kanawha Blvd., East
Charleston, WV 25305-0330
Phone: 304-558-3660
Reports directly to Chief Operations Officer
261 days
The anticipated start date for the successful candidate will be February 15, 2014.
WVDE Employment Applications
The following applications are offered as PDF documents. You can download
a copy of Acrobat Reader (a free pdf reader) from http://www.adobe.com


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AgEcon Search >
Recent SubmissionsThe Influence of Financial Factors on Household Meat Consumption Patterns Maintaining Sheep During Drought with Computer Formulated Rations: Comment RSS Feeds |
Brought to you by the University of Minnesota Department of Applied Economics and the University of Minnesota Libraries with cooperation from the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association. All papers are in Acrobat (.pdf) format. Get Adobe Reader Powered by: |


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I started with this entry and the result was this:
I've never read any of Cory Doctorow's books, but I am familiar with his writing at BoingBoing. I appreciated the comparison.
I then ran three more entries through the analyzer. Each one kicked back a different comparison: Stephen King, David Foster Wallace, and James Joyce.
I guess that proves I am writing in my own style.


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The Northeast & Mid-Atlantic
Because our founding fathers were gentleman farmers, too. Before Litchfield County became prime weekend-house territory for New Yorkers, it was farmland. Now a growing number of city folks are rolling up their sleeves and reclaiming Connecticut's agricultural roots. Consider John Morosani, who worked on Wall Street until 2006, when he left behind stocks for livestock and opened Laurel Ridge Farm on his Litchfield estate. Now he sells grass-fed beef out of a converted windmill on the property. To get a feel for the area's other small producers, visit the Saturday Litchfield Hills Farmers' Market, in its second season.
Explore great travel ideas in other regions:
Courtesy of Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism


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"Furiously curious" veteran Beirut correspondent Patrick Seale dies aged 84
Patrick Seale, a veteran Middle East correspondent and one of the Western world's leading experts on Syria, has died in London at the age of 84 of brain cancer.
He was a prolific writer on the region who also appeared regularly on TV talk shows and public speaking engagements at home and abroad.
Educated in England, he became the Beirut correspondent for the Observer and was well-known for his erudition, eloquence and sense of humor.
Britain's ambassador to Lebanon, Tom Fletcher, commented that Seale "knew the Middle East inside out. But his wisdom was that he also knew how much he didn't know, and was furiously curious."
Born in Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1930, Seale spent the first 15 years of his life in Syria, where his father was a Christian missionary.
He authored an important trilogy of books, all with the word "struggle" in the title: The Struggle for Syria (1965), which focused on the unstable period of military coups during the post-independence era; The Struggle for the Middle East (1988), on the political career of Hafez Assad; and The Struggle for Arab Independence (2010), a look at Lebanon's first post-independence prime minister, Riad Solh.
Seale advocated a political solution for the Syrian crisis with a place for the government at the negotiating table, which did little to counter accusations by critics that he was too close to the Baath regime.
Seale is survived by four children, two of whom were from his wife Lamorna Heath, who died in 1971, and two from Rana Kabbani, from whom he was separated.
Top Headlines
- A British class act dies: Jazeera's Frost Over The World is no more
- From Dublin to Dubai, St. Patrick's Day fever sweeps the Middle East
- Giza! Pyramids go green in honor of St. Paddy's day in Egypt
- Arab Awakening turns Nude Spring: FEMEN mujahideen bare all
- Hell no! Texan parents won't abide pro-Islam lessons in their classrooms


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Site Home News Submit Review Contact Disc Reviews Accessories Resources Other |
Player Reviews Posted 07-20-07 Submitted by PowerFlicker Disc Weights: 178g Plastic:SSS Review: The Super Stupid Soft Warlock is, IMO, superior to the Wizard. The new SSS plastic is as firm as the SS, but it has a sticky feel to it. I not only use it as my one and only putter, but it is an excellent approach disc. At low speed, this disc drops like a rock; but if you put a lot of power behind it, it becomes more stable. If I'm looking at a >250' hole with a straight shot at the basket, I'm pulling out the Warlock. Posted 06-17-07 Submitted by Michael Noth firstname.lastname@example.com Location: Cedar Rapids, IA Level: Adv. Am Avg Drive: 450 Disc Weights: 174 Plastic:SS Review: I just purchased one today and I have to say I am quite impressed with it. Very straight putter, can take a good head wind as well. the rim feels like an aviar, but the tackiness is comparable to a JK. Dont let the supersoft label throw you off, this is a stiff disc but it is tacky just like the JK Aviar. Very good putter for arc putting,too. Submit Your Review Back to Main Page |


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Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Audio | Arcade |
Big Bad Booty Daddy Join Date: Sep 2003
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Comments Thread For: Hearn To Announce New Signing, Is It George Groves?
Promoter Eddie Hearn of Matchroom Boxing is planning to announce "major signing" next Monday at a press conference in London. According to several reports, including one from Pat Sheenan, super middleweight George Groves (16-0, 12KOs) is unhappy with current promoter Frank Warren and plans to jump ship to Hearn. Groves has fought three bouts under Warren and is scheduled to be part of Warren's big show on March 16th in Wembley, defending his EBU title againt Mouhamed Ali Ndiaye. If Groves moves to Hearn as some expect, that would place his March fight in question.
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text: By Jennifer Ritter on December 12, 2014 Children are adventurous by nature. Fun and play is their work, and for many the idea of fun also equals thrill! For children, teens and some adults, a "thrill" comes from doing something fast and maybe even a bit dangerous. This is normal human nature and shouldn't be… Continue Reading


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NEW INFO: Accused Kanawha Co. Sniper Suspect Trial Delayed
http://www.wsaz.com/news/headlines/Arrest_Made_in_Connection_with_the_2003_Sniper_Shootings_in_Charleston.html - The trial against Shawn Lester, the man accused of a string of sniper-style shooting deaths in Kanawha County in 2003 -- is being delayed. Sent from my iPhone
What do you think of this story?
iReport welcomes a lively discussion, so comments on iReports are not pre-screened before they post. See the iReport community guidelines for details about content that is not welcome on iReport.


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The Library
Andreev-reflection study of superconducting RNi(2)B(2)C compounds
UNSPECIFIED (1996) Andreev-reflection study of superconducting RNi(2)B(2)C compounds. In: 2nd International Conference on Point-contact Spectroscopy, NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS, JUN 07-10, 1995. Published in: PHYSICA B, 218 (1-4). pp. 189-192.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
A comparative study has been made of the current-voltage characteristics of RNi(2)B(2)C-Ag point contacts with R = Y, Er, and Ho, at various temperatures and magnetic fields. At low temperatures the double-minimum structure in the differential resistance dV/dI, characteristic for Andreev-reflection processes, can be well described by the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) model, yielding an energy gap Delta = 2.42 +/- 0.07, 1.7 +/- 0.2, and 1.04 +/- 0.06 meV for, respectively, the Y-, Er-, and He-based compounds. For the Y- and Er-based compounds, the temperature dependence of the spectra is in quantitative agreement with the BTK prediction. However for the He-based compound, an anomalous temperature dependence with two superconducting transitions at 8.5 and 6.5K has been observed. The ratio 2 Delta/k(B)T(c) amounts about 3.7 for all compounds (providing one takes T-c* similar or equal to 6.5K for the critical temperature of the Ho compound), corresponding to a moderate electron-phonon coupling strength.
Item Type: | Conference Item (UNSPECIFIED) |
Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics |
Journal or Publication Title: | PHYSICA B |
Publisher: | ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Official Date: | February 1996 |
Volume: | 218 |
Number: | 1-4 |
Number of Pages: | 4 |
Page Range: | pp. 189-192 |
Publication Status: | Published |
Title of Event: | 2nd International Conference on Point-contact Spectroscopy |
Location of Event: | NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS |
Date(s) of Event: | JUN 07-10, 1995 |
URI: | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/19042 |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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Revlon 1875W Compact dryer delivers 1875 watts of power and is both lightweight and dual voltage, making it ideal for travel. Handle folds for easy storage.
- Ionic technology dries hair faster and reduces frizz
- Cold Shot button
- Handle folds for easy storage
- Dual voltage(plug adapter may be necessary for travel outside the U.S.)
- 2 heat/speed settings


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There were other smaller changes elsewhere in the county affecting the final vote tally. Nickolaus said the updated tally has Prosser winning the county 92,263 votes to 32,758 for Kloppenburg. The original tally had Prosser winning 81,255 to 29,332. Prosser is set to net 7,582 votes.
Nickolaus said the error was discovered at noon on Wednesday during a post-election canvass designed to verify unofficial results.
A recount can be requested at no cost if the margin is within one-half one percent. Before the Waukesha County news broke the margin was well under the limit. But the updated results threaten to expand Prosser's lead beyond the margin necessary for a state-financed recount.
Counties are still in the process of readying official results for submission to the state, so other changes to the total may be in the offing in the coming days. But so far, the change in Waukesha County is significant when compared to the smaller swings in other counties. Earlier Thursday, smaller changes in the tally elsewhere in the state put Prosser up by 40 votes after Kloppenburg led by about a couple of hundred according to the unofficial results on Wednesday.
Republicans Cheering In Wisconsin


text:
All Encompassing Andre Johnson Thread (Just got some disturbing news about A Johnson)
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Hall of Fame
Join Date: Apr 2004
Location: Stafford, Texas
Age: 61
Posts: 8,115
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Re: Just got some disturbing news about A Johnson
What good what it do if he does show up in camp? Seriously?
The cat's out of the bag, or the genie's out of the bottle, whatever you want to call it. He has made it clearly known that he doesn't want be here anymore, and he has clearly stated the reasons why. Whether you sympathize with him, or not, is beside the point. Do any of you actually think that if he does show up, his mindset to begin with, is magically going to change? Will that cloud lift?
Some say, "Well, if he doesn't show up for mandatory OTAs, then he will force their hand." Your kidding yourselves if you think the hand hasn't already been forced.
View Public Profile
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From: | "John Smallwood" <firstname.lastname@example.com> |
To: | "HistoNet Server" <firstname.lastname@example.com> |
Reply-To: | |
Content-Type: | text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" |
Anyone have any luck filtering Alcian Yellow? Some older stock we had became jellied in the bottle. Fresh Alcian Yellow takes forever through a high porosity filter paper. firstname.lastname@example.com St.Thomas-Elgin General Hosp. St.Thomas ,Ont. Canada


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Author of the Month
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A third 5,000-year-old hand-carved figurine has been discovered during excavations on Orkney. |
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We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
As 1995 saw the first in a three-record deal with DGC, fans were split over the band's newfound success and move to a major label. But Jawbreaker were undeterred, releasing the influential Dear You, a powerhouse collection of punk, grunge, and emo that paved the way for groups like Jimmy Eat World and Dashboard Confessional. Sadly, the group disbanded in the late-'90s, leaving 2002's Etc., a collection of all of the group's non-album material, as their last will and testament. Dear You was reissued by Blackball in 2004. ~ James Christopher Monger, Rovi
Like he's singing in pain.


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The darcswatch package
DarcsWatch is a tool to track the state of darcs patches that have been submitted to some project, usually by using the darcs send command. It allows both submitters and project maintainers to get an overview of patches that have been submitted but not yet applied. Some notable features are:
Reads both darcs1 and darcs2.0 (hashed) format repositories.
Displays patch summaries per user and per repository.
Patch diff can be reviewed directly.
Download link for each patch, to apply without searching for the email.
Knows about inverse and amend-recorded patches and uses them to consider patches obsolete.
- No changelog available
Versions | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.4.1, 0.4.2, 0.4.3, 0.4.4 |
Dependencies | base (>3 && <4), bytestring, concurrentoutput, containers, Crypto, directory, filepath, HTTP (>=4000), nano-md5, network, old-time, parsec, unix, xhtml, zlib |
License | GPL |
Author | Joachim Breitner |
Maintainer | Joachim Breitner <email@example.com> |
Category | Distribution |
Home page | http://darcswatch.nomeata.de/ |
Source repository | head: darcs get http://darcs.nomeata.de/darcswatch/ this: darcs get http://darcs.nomeata.de/darcswatch/ --tag v0.2 |
Executables | darcswatch |
Uploaded | Thu Jan 29 09:44:59 UTC 2009 by JoachimBreitner |
Distributions | NixOS:0.4.4 |
Downloads | 1000 total (62 in last 30 days) |
Status | Docs pending Build status unknown [no reports yet] |
- darcswatch-0.2.tar.gz [browse] (Cabal source package)
- Package description (included in the package)
Maintainers' corner
For package maintainers and hackage trustees


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No location provided
Ronald McDonald House of Memphis and Memphis Area Ford Dealers present the 3rd Annual Drive it Home Vehicle Raffle. Raffle tickets can be purchased for $20 each and will be on sale from February 18 – May 20. The winning ticket holder will have his or her choice of a new 2015 Ford F-150, a 2015 Ford Fusion or a 2015 Ford Escape.
This year we have also added an early bird prize. Anyone that purchases a ticket by April 2, 2015 will be entered to win two Southwest Airline tickets and a one night stay at any Hilton Hotel.
Tickets can be purchased at Ronald McDonald House of Memphis (535 Alabama Avenue), area Supercuts locations and online. For more information, please contact Malayna Rose at 901-312-7466 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Events Feb. 25 - Drive It Home Vehicle Raffle Kickoff Party at Panera Bread at Laurelwood Shopping Center from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Back To Full Calendar
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The following trademarks used herein are owned by McDonald's Corporation and its affiliates; McDonald's, Ronald McDonald House Charities, Ronald McDonald House Charities Logo, RMHC, Ronald McDonald House, Ronald McDonald Family Room, and Ronald McDonald Care Mobile.
RMHC is recognized as a public charity under Internal Revenue Code section 509(a) and has 501(c)(3) status. Donations to RMHC are deductible. Donors should consult their tax advisor for questions regarding deductibility. The RMHC EIN is 36-2934689. A copy of the RMHC determination letter is available upon request.