text:
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) food safety research functions are performed predominantly by three intramurally funded centers—the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), and the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)—with some involvement of the Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA). The agency's food safety research mission is also supported by external research centers in formal collaboration with academic institutions as well as a few other activities. The food safety research at these intra- and extramural centers is summarized by topic in Appendix F. The research authority of the FDA's food programs encompasses two major areas (Musser, 2009): (1) support for the Code of Federal Regulations, with a focus primarily on the development of improved and/or advanced detection methods, and (2) activities in support of specific food safety initiatives, such as the Food Protection Plan, counterterrorism efforts, and appropriations conference reports (Musser, 2009).
The FDA conducts a large research program in support of its food safety mission. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' fiscal year (FY) 2010 justification of estimates (HHS, 2010), total 2009 allocated research funding for the agency as a whole was $190,070,000. This total encompasses research in support of all FDA programs, of which the foods component is only a part. For the FDA's FY 2009 food programs, the congressional budget included $30,178,0001 (approximately
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Creating a Research Infrastructure for a
Risk-Based Food Safety System
he U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) food safety research
functions are performed predominantly by three intramurally funded
centers—the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN),
the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), and the National Center for
Toxicological Research (NCTR)—with some involvement of the Office of
Regulatory Affairs (ORA). The agency's food safety research mission is also
supported by external research centers in formal collaboration with aca-
demic institutions as well as a few other activities. The food safety research
at these intra- and extramural centers is summarized by topic in Appendix F.
The research authority of the FDA's food programs encompasses two major
areas (Musser, 2009): (1) support for the Code of Federal Regulations, with
a focus primarily on the development of improved and/or advanced detec-
tion methods, and (2) activities in support of specific food safety initiatives,
such as the Food Protection Plan, counterterrorism efforts, and appropria-
tions conference reports (Musser, 2009).
The FDA conducts a large research program in support of its food safety
mission. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services'
fiscal year (FY) 2010 justification of estimates (HHS, 2010), total 2009
allocated research funding for the agency as a whole was $190,070,000.
This total encompasses research in support of all FDA programs, of which
the foods component is only a part. For the FDA's FY 2009 food pro-
grams, the congressional budget included $30,178,0001 (approximately
1 In addition to research, these figures include funding for buildings and equipment and
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15 percent of the agency's total research budget) in base research fund-
ing for CFSAN and ORA, reflecting an increase of $2,862,000 over the
previous FY(Musser, 2009). An additional $1,683,000 was budgeted for
food protection research at NCTR for 2009. For FY 2010, center-specific
resource allocations for research are summarized in Table 6-1. Overall,
the agency's food safety research initiatives can be categorized as follows:
(1) development of rapid detection methods, (2) development of confir-
matory methods, (3) biotechnology, (4) virology, (5) in vitro testing, and
(6) laboratory enhancement (Musser, 2009).
This chapter provides a summary of the research currently conducted
under the FDA's food programs and considers how these research efforts
do or do not mesh with the risk-based approach described in Chapter 3.
TABLE 6-1 FY 2010 Resource Allocations for Research, by FDA Center
Total Research Increase in Funding
Center Research FTEs Funding over Last Fiscal Year
Center for 30 (premarket $9,478,000 +$374,000 (premarket
applied research)a applied research)b
Food Safety (premarket applied
and Applied 140 (postmarket +$8,006,000
applied research)a
Nutrition $54,222,000 (postmarket applied
(postmarket applied
Center for 16 (premarket $3,043,000 +$789,000 (premarket
applied research)a applied research)b
Veterinary (premarket applied
Medicine 44 (postmarket +$1,208,000
applied research)a $8,195,000 (postmarket applied
(postmarket applied
$58,745,000c +$6,234,000c
National 211
Center for $1,625,000 +$1,625,000 specifically
Toxicological specifically for for Protecting America's
Food Supplyc
Research Protecting America's
Food Supplyc
$1,100,000d No increasee
Office of Not available
NOTE: FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FTE = full-time equivalent; FY = fiscal
a FDA, 2010b.
b FDA, 2010b,c.
c FDA, 2010d.
d This number applies to food research activities only (FDA, 2010e).
e FDA, 2009.
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Much of the information on which the discussion is based was gathered
from a report provided by CFSAN, which was written in response to an
FDA Science Board task to review the center's research and related support
programs.2 A review of the research and related support programs at CVM
was completed by the FDA Science Board in 2009 (FDA Science Board,
2009) and was also consulted in the preparation of this chapter, as was a
packet of materials from the FDA with salient information about NCTR
(NCTR, 2009a,b,c). In addition, information was obtained from the FDA
website and consultation with FDA staff.
The FDA's largest food safety research portfolio is housed in CFSAN. In
the above-referenced report provided to the Science Board, CFSAN describes
the purpose of its research program as to "conduct applied and translational
research that facilitates our enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act, the U.S. Public Health Service Act, the Infant Formula Act,
and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act." The report further
states that "CFSAN takes advantage of the research capabilities of other
federal research agencies, which allows it to focus its research infrastructure
on the conduct of critical problem-solving research." These statements make
clear that the center's research mission is applied in nature.
As of this writing, CFSAN had 170 research full-time equivalents
(FTEs). For the purposes of this report, these FTEs are classified as primary
researchers, engaged in the collection of original data. Information about
the proportion of FTEs dedicated to food safety as opposed to nutrition
was not available, but the vast majority of the research focus is food safety,
with an emphasis on chemical and microbiological public health hazards
and, more recently, food defense. Individuals are rarely dedicated solely
to research. CFSAN research scientists, research managers, and directors
also perform regulatory functions such as reviews (petitions, compliance,
guidance, and policy), risk assessments, outbreak investigations, and train-
ing. This diversity is considered advantageous to the agency as research
scientists become "authoritative sources of information in areas of regula-
tory review and policy implementation."
Most of the scientists and staff supporting the center's research mission
are located at the headquarters building in College Park, Maryland. However,
2Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009.
3 Thediscussion in this section is based on the personal communication with Chad Nelson,
FDA, October 13, 2009.
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the center also operates research facilities in Laurel, Maryland; Summit-Argo,
Illinois; and Dauphin Island, Alabama. About 25 agency employees are
housed at the National Center for Food Safety and Technology (NCFST) near
Chicago, Illinois. NCFST and the other four extramural research centers are
discussed in the next section.
As with research FTEs, the committee was unable to obtain informa-
tion on funding allocated for CFSAN's food safety mission alone. As noted,
however, most of the research at CFSAN has been devoted to food safety.
The intramural program at CFSAN is composed of research in the
disciplines of chemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, food science,
toxicology, immunology, epidemiology, social sciences, education, and risk
assessment. Major research thrusts include the following: (1) develop-
ment and evaluation of methods to recover, detect, and identify pathogens,
chemicals, and biomolecules in foods, including evaluation of emerging
technologies; (2) risk assessment; and (3) economics and consumer studies
(Musser, 2009). CFSAN currently has about 96 active research projects
related to food protection (Musser, 2009). Virtually all of these projects are
considered applied in nature; in other words, they are "investigations aimed
at developing and applying standards to public health needs" (Musser,
2009). Other important components of CFSAN's research program include
nonlaboratory research on risk communication, labeling, education, and
the economic impact of its regulations and enforcement programs.
Each intramural research project is, at most, 3 years in duration and may
be adjusted as needed during this period. CFSAN did not provide the com-
mittee with a full listing of its intramural research projects; however, a list
was available online4 (CFSAN/FDA, 2008), and a listing on the state of the
science at CFSAN was also made available to the committee. Referencing
the two relevant areas (food safety and food defense), the committee was able
to produce the table in Appendix F. Some common themes emerge from this
table. Consistent with Musser's presentation (Musser, 2009), a large propor-
tion of the research focuses on the development of detection methods. Other
important themes include (1) a greater emphasis on pathogens as compared
with chemicals/allergens; (2) relatively few projects focused on risk assess-
ment and economics/consumer studies, despite these being mentioned to the
committee as priority areas (Musser, 2009); and (3) a relative absence of
research on control or intervention strategies.
4 See http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/SelectedScientificPublicationsPresentations/
ucm117721.htm#fs (accessed October 8, 2010).
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NCTR is located in Jefferson, Arkansas. The committee received very
little information about NCTR's food safety functions. Therefore, much of
the discussion here is based on the center's webpage.5 The center as a whole
receives approximately 28 percent of the FDA's total research budget, the
second largest proportion of that budget (HHS, 2010). About 35−40 of
the center's approximately 200 research FTEs are dedicated to food safety
(NCTR, 2009a; FDA, 2010a). NCTR states that its vision is to provide
"innovative and vital scientific technology, training, and technical exper-
tise to improve public health," with a corresponding mission statement of
"conduct[ing] peer-reviewed scientific research in support of the FDA mis-
sion" (NCTR, 2009a, p. 1) (see Box 6-1). In support of the center's mission,
NCTR has identified seven Centers of Excellence (see Box 6-2).
As reflected in its name, NCTR's work is dedicated largely to toxico-
logical research. A review of the program reveals that fundamental research
appears to be the driving force. For example, the center houses a wide
variety of state-of-the-art equipment and is addressing most of the "omics,"
all considered emerging transdisciplinary approaches to biological research.
Clearly, this center's mission is much broader than food safety, and many of
its initiatives are designed to support the FDA's drug and devices functions
(FDA, 2010a).
The committee was not provided information with which to determine
the proportion of NCTR's research budget dedicated to food safety. None-
theless, one of the center's strategic goals is to "conduct research and develop
strategic technologies to protect the food supply." To that end, investigators
at NCTR are conducting research in the following areas: (1) food safety,
food biosecurity, and methods development; (2) antimicrobial resistance;
and (3) gastrointestinal microbiology and host interactions. A list of projects
in support of these research initiatives is provided in Appendix F.
The committee reviewed information received from the FDA about
NCTR, including the NCTR Strategic Plan 00–0, FY00 Accepted
Publications, NCTR Food Publications 00–00, and a breakdown of
food safety spending and food safety research FTEs for 2000–2007 (NCTR,
2009a,b,c). These materials, especially the Strategic Plan, are clear in delin-
eating the center's vision and mission and its strategic goals for accom-
plishing this mission (Box 6-1) (NCTR, 2009a). Of the five strategic goals,
Goal 3 pertains directly to food safety, while Goals 4 and 5 involve broad
support for the FDA's mission, which clearly includes food safety. Goal 1,
while not related to food safety, does concern nutrition, which is in the
domain of CFSAN. The two lists of publications (NCTR 2009b,c) show
5 See http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/nctr/default.htm(accessed October 8,
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Vision, Mission, and Strategic Goals
from the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)
Strategic Plan 2009−2013
NCTR is an internationally recognized U.S. Food and Drug Admin-
istration (FDA) research center that provides innovative and vital scien-
tific technology, training, and technical expertise to improve public health.
NCTR—in partnership with researchers from government, academia, and
industry—develops, refines, and applies current and emerging technolo-
gies to improve safety evaluations of FDA-regulated products. NCTR fos-
ters national and international collaborations to improve and protect public
health and enhance the quality of life for the American people.
NCTR conducts peer-reviewed scientific research in support of the
FDA mission and provides expert technical advice and training that
enables FDA to make sound science-based regulatory decisions and
improve the health of the American people. The research at NCTR
supports FDA's goals: (1) to understand critical biological events in the
expression of toxicity, (2) to develop and characterize methods, and
incorporate new technologies to improve the assessment of human
exposure, susceptibility, and risk, and (3) to increase the understanding
of the interaction between genetics, metabolism, and nutrition.
NCTR is dedicated to supporting the FDA mission to protect and
promote public health by:
• roviding innovative and interdisciplinary research that promotes
personal and public health
• eveloping novel translational research approaches to provide
FDA/Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) with sound
scientific infrastructure and multidisciplinary scientific expertise
targeted towards addressing critical Agency, Department, and
public-health needs such as personalized nutrition and medicine,
that the majority of the center's work is in toxicology, but it also performs
significant work in food safety. It should be noted that many of NCTR's
food safety publications are on non-FDA-regulated items, such as processed
eggs and poultry (e.g., Kiess et al., 2007; Khan et al., 2009).
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bioimaging, systems biology, bioinformatics, nanotechnology, food
protection technologies, and biomarker development
• ngaging with scientists across FDA and other government agen-
cies, industry, and academia in cooperative learning to strengthen
the scientific foundations vital to developing sound regulatory policy
and leveraging resources in order to promote the international
standardization and global harmonization of regulatory science
• articipating in or leading national and international consortia for
the development of harmonized standards for technologies and
methods in risk assessment and for personal and public health
Strategic Goals
To accomplish its mission, NCTR has established five strategic goals:
Goal 1: A
dvance scientific approaches and tools to promote per-
sonalized nutrition and medicine for the public
Goal 2: D
evelop science-based best-practice standards, guidance,
and tools to incorporate toxicological advancements that
improve the regulatory process
Goal 3: C
onduct research and develop strategic technologies to
protect the food supply
Goal 4: C
onduct bioinformatics research and development in sup-
port of FDA's regulatory mission
Goal 5: S
trengthen and improve scientific and human capital man-
agement and expand training and outreach to retain and
train scientific experts critical to address FDA's scientific
SOURCE: NCTR, 2009a.
The mission of CVM is to protect and promote the health of animals
and, in so doing, to protect the safety of meat, milk, and other animal-
derived products destined for the human food supply. Research in support
of CVM's mission is carried out through the Office of Research (OR) in
Laurel, Maryland. The OR campus houses approximately 70 research
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National Center for Toxicological Research's (NCTR's)
Seven Centers of Excellence
1. Functional Genomics—uses high-information content microarrays in
the development of mechanistic and biomarker data.
2. Hepatotoxicology—addresses critical liver injury issues by applying a
systems-toxicology approach.
3. Innovative Technologies—uses multi-faceted approaches to address
issues such as counterterrorism, rapid detection of bacteria in food,
and sensors and nanotube technology.
4. Metabolomics—aids in the assessment of preclinical and clinical
safety issues as part of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-
wide biomarkers-development effort.
5. Phototoxicology—assesses the toxic and/or carcinogenic potential
of chemicals and agents when exposed to light, or when applied to
photo-treated skin.
6. Proteomics—develops and evaluates novel proteomic technologies to
facilitate the translation of basic science to medical products.
7. Toxicoinformatics—conducts research in bioinformatics and chemoin-
formatics and develops and coordinates informatics capabilities within
NCTR, across FDA Centers, and in the larger toxicology community.
SOURCE: http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/nctr/default.htm
(accessed October 8, 2010).
scientists and support staff and is organized into 3 major sections: (1) the
Division of Residue Chemistry, (2) the Division of Animal Research, and
(3) the Division of Animal and Food Microbiology (FDA Science Board,
The FY 2009 CVM research budget was $9.241 million, which sup-
ported 57 research FTEs and constituted 5 percent of the agency's annual
research budget (FDA Science Board, 2009). The FDA Science Board report
on CVM activities states that roughly 40 percent of CVM activities are
focused on food safety issues pertaining to animal feeds, pet foods, aqua-
culture, and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens, although
research scientists are frequently diverted from this focus to address emer-
gency issues (FDA Science Board, 2009).
As is the case for CFSAN, CVM's food safety research portfolio is
diverse. Its ThreeYear Research Plan: FY00−FY0 (CVM/FDA, 2008)
states that the center's food safety research program focuses on microbial
hazards associated with the preharvest phases of the animal production
environment, including animal feeds, with specific focuses on
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• analysis of animal feeds for the presence of human foodborne bac-
terial pathogens;
• identification of factors associated with the presence and persis-
tence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in the animal production
• surveys of various food products for the presence of zoonotic food-
borne bacterial pathogens;
• application of genetic typing methods to track the spread of specific
zoonotic foodborne bacterial pathogens; and
• identification and comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes in
foodborne pathogens isolated from different sources in an effort
to characterize the spread of resistant bacteria via the food chain
In addition, CVM supports the FDA's food safety mission by (1) devel-
oping and validating tests for drugs and drug residues, including newly pro-
hibited drugs, and (2) conducting surveys of drug residues and pathogens in
feeds and in animal-derived foods destined for human consumption. Based
on the project descriptions given in the CVM ThreeYear Research Plan
(CVM/FDA, 2008), the committee itemized specific CVM projects designed
to support the FDA's food safety mission (see Appendix F).
As is the case for CFSAN, many CVM projects support the applied
research function of developing diagnostic methods for microbes and drug
residues; a few studies address more fundamental issues, such as under-
standing the mechanisms by which antimicrobial resistance develops.
Relatively little effort has been devoted to identifying emerging threats
in the area of animal feeds and associated links to human health. While
addressing analytical issues is important, some limited CVM efforts sup-
port risk-based food safety management. It could be argued that CVM's
survey and microbial source tracking efforts do support the risk mis-
sion, but these efforts are minimal in comparison with its other research
As explained in Chapter 2, ORA's role is to support the FDA product
centers by inspecting regulated products and manufacturers, conducting
sample analysis, and reviewing imported products. ORA also works with
state and local (including tribal and territorial) governments, through
grants and cooperative agreements, to inspect FDA-regulated food prod-
ucts. The resource allocation or priority for ORA research functions was
not described to the committee. Although ORA's total budget for food
activities conducted in laboratories is more than $90,000,000, its research
budget is only $1,100,000 (with only 6 FTEs), representing just 1 percent
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of the FDA's total research budget.6 ORA maintains science advisors who
are special government employees serving as consultants to the specific
ORA laboratories to which they are assigned. Additionally, ORA has four
staff members in risk management. (The information presented here was
obtained from the FDA's written statements and the ORA webpage.7)
With a limited research budget, ORA plays only a minor role in the
FDA's food safety research. Its research functions are conducted at the 13
ORA laboratories, 10 of which conduct food-related work. These 10 labo-
ratories focus primarily on developing and validating analytical methods
to meet the immediate needs of the field laboratories, work that is highly
applied in nature. There are two major ORA research initiatives: the
Methods Development and Validation Program (MDVP) and the Analyti-
cal Tools Initiative (Glavin, 2008; Musser, 2009).
FDA field laboratory personnel are involved in work on method
development and validation through the MDVP, although that program
is not identified by the agency as "research." Nevertheless, the program is
intended to support regulatory testing (both screening and confirmatory)
by (1) identifying needs and priorities in method development to address
emerging regulatory issues and (2) improving/updating current regulatory
methods. The work includes method assessment and validation aimed at
rapidly moving promising methodologies into ORA field laboratories for
regulatory use. ORA's Division of Field Science monitors and coordinates
all MDVP activities. Current initiatives include the development of rapid
detection methods for foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia
coli O157:H7, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis A virus, as
well as detection of other adulterants using chemical, radiological, and
other analytical methods. To illustrate the immediacy of the MDVP work,
this program was responsible for the development of a real-time polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) assay for high-throughput screening of E. coli O157:
H7 during the 2006 spinach-related outbreak. ORA mobile laboratory
deployments to Salinas, California, and Nogales, Arizona, to perform rapid
screening of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 in fresh produce provide
additional examples of this program's reach.
The Analytical Tools Initiative is a program for the assessment and vali-
dation of field and laboratory analytical tools addressing such critical issues
as speed of analysis, increased sample throughput, improved sampling strat-
egies, and development of field-deployable instrumentation (Musser, 2009).
The ways in which the MDVP and the Analytical Tools Initiative differ was
not described to the committee.
6 Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009.
7 See http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ORA/default.htm (accessed October
8, 2010).
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ExTRAMURAL RESEARCH CENTERS
The FDA has five extramural research centers devoted to specific food
safety initiatives. Each of these centers is funded at the level of $1–$2.5 mil-
lion per year. The centers differ by structure and function; each is described
briefly below.
National Center for Food Safety and Technology (NCFST)
Supported by a memorandum of understanding between the FDA and
the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), NCFST is the oldest extramural
center.8 It was established in 1988 and remains a partnership among IIT,
CFSAN, and the food industry. NCFST also houses the FDA Division of
Food Processing Science and Technology, which was established by the
FDA to form a link with industry to tap its expertise in food technology.
NCFST is the only center in which the FDA can work collaboratively with
industry and academia on projects related to food safety and technology.
A fee-based membership in NCFST allows companies to gain early insight
into emerging food safety issues from the CFSAN perspective and to assess
the safety of new technologies that may be important for innovation. Such
early collaboration with the FDA may also facilitate regulatory approval
of new food processes, thereby reducing the time required for emerging
processes to reach commercialization. Funding for NCFST for FY 2009
was $2.1 million (Musser, 2009).
The research performed at NCFST is organized into four primary scien-
tific platforms,9 three of which are particularly applicable to food safety:
(1) The Processing and Packaging Platform focuses on investigation of
the effects of processing and packaging on food safety, quality, and
nutrition. Included are projects focused on validation of traditional
and emerging food processing and packaging technologies and the
use of food safety objectives to facilitate regulatory approval and
equivalency of novel processes.
(2) The Microbiology Platform is aimed at generating knowledge of the
behavior of microorganisms in food and processing environments
to improve food safety and quality and public health. Included
are projects on Clostridium botulinum and other spore formers,
the use of new molecular methods for studying microbial resis-
tance, sample preparation and detection techniques, and detection
8 See http://www.iit.edu/ncfst/ (accessed October 8, 2010).
9 See http://www.iit.edu/ncfst/world_class_food_science/(accessed October 8, 2010).
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Housed in WIFSS is WCFS, which was established in 2008 as a coop-
erative agreement among the FDA; WIFSS; the University of California,
Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine; the College of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences; and the greater academic community. The cen-
ter's efforts focus on understanding the risks associated with the interface
between production practices and food safety in fresh-produce systems.
Administrative oversight of the center is provided in part by WIFSS and
the FDA/CFSAN. Annual funding (for a total of 5 years) is in the range of
$1.0 to $2.5 million, and some of these funds have been made available to
the scientific community at large by way of a targeted extramural funding
program in produce safety.14
Extramural Funding
Although the FDA pointed out that it is not an extramural funding
agency, in actuality it does fund a small number of competitive research
grants as well as cooperative research and development agreements, which
are almost always focused on a specific stated need of the agency. There are
currently 2 projects related to food defense, 31 related to food safety, and
15 related to improving nutrition,15 funded through contracts, cooperative
agreements, interagency agreements, and grants. Some of these are awarded
to the extramural research centers (e.g., NCFST, JIFSAN), while others are
awarded to universities, professional associations, or private consulting
firms. Examples of the latter include contracts with RTI International (to
support risk analysis efforts), the Association of Analytical Communities
(to support methods validation), and the Institute of Food Technologists
(to support the FDA's policies through evaluation of specific topics related
to food safety and processing and human health). These extramurally
funded projects currently focus on support of agency risk analysis efforts,
development and implementation of novel detection methods, and control
of pathogens in leafy greens and seafood products. The means by which the
FDA determines which research questions should be addressed and funded
through its small extramural program is unclear.
CFSAN has developed an automated, web-based tracking system for
its intramural and extramural research programs called the CFSAN Auto-
mated Research Tracking System. The system, designed to improve the
efficiency and timeliness of the documentation of research projects, provides
a means for information sharing and provides for accountability of the
14 See http://wifss.ucdavis.edu/headcontent/newsletter/2008November_newsletter.php.
15 Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009 (accessed October 8,
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center's research efforts. The database is open to all CFSAN employees but
not the general public.16
In addition to its intramural and extramural research programs, CFSAN
maintains collaborative agreements and interactions with other federal gov-
ernment research organizations to facilitate the sharing of information and
resources in support of its regulatory mission and its obligations regarding
international trade agreements. For example, CFSAN participates in the
Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium (IRAC), which comprises 19 fed-
eral agencies or offices. The mission of IRAC is to enhance communication
and coordination and to promote scientific research on risk assessment.
Currently, CFSAN maintains approximately 50 collaborative partnerships
with other federal research organizations, including the U.S. Department of
Commerce's National Marine Fisheries Service; the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention; and USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service
(FSIS), Agricultural Marketing Service, and Agricultural Research Service.17
In its report to the Science Board, CFSAN describes the reasons for the
existence of its research program separate from those of other entities with
large research capabilities, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
In the case of NIH, the reason given is differences in the mission and scope
of the research of the two organizations. Nevertheless, CFSAN and NIH
collaborate on a handful of projects, such as in the area of dietary supple-
ments and long-term exposure to bisphenol A.
The FDA food safety research portfolio is diverse and vast. Some of
the research efforts are quite relevant to the agency's mission, while the rel-
evance of others is less clear. There is no central oversight of FDA research,
and currently each of the four FDA divisions (CFSAN, CVM, NCTR, and
ORA) performing the bulk of the agency's food research manages its own
research portfolio.18 Although the purposes and goals of these individual
research programs differ, overlap in some of the efforts is likely. The com-
mittee found no evidence of coordination to prevent duplication of effort
or to leverage the efforts of one investigator with those of others having
complementary skills and interests.
16 Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009.
17 Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009.
18 Personal communication, Donald Zink, Senior Science Advisor, FDA/CFSAN, Septem-
ber 25, 2009.
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The committee found that, in some cases, the role of the extramural
research centers is poorly defined. Of these centers, NCFST has the most
well-defined mission and, with its unique expertise and advanced equip-
ment, is well positioned to continue to serve the agency into the future. It
offers an invaluable service (evaluation of the efficacy of emerging process-
ing methods with respect to foodborne pathogens), although its research
portfolio appears to be somewhat haphazard. The mission of JIFSAN is
admirable, and despite recent funding reductions, it continues to offer value
in providing risk analysis training and serving as a data clearinghouse.
However, JIFSAN's work represents a very small proportion of the risk
analysis support the FDA will need to move toward a comprehensive risk-
based food safety management strategy. WIFSS/WCFS is new, so predicting
its performance or value is difficult; however, WCFS is addressing a high-
profile food safety problem in what appears to be an aggressive manner.
The remaining two extramural centers, APFSL and NCNPR, have produced
little in the way of tangible results by which they can be evaluated.
Strategic planning for the FDA's food safety research needs has been
limited in scope and in some instances nonexistent. The FDA Science
Board reviews each center every 5 years;19 a review was recently com-
pleted for CVM (FDA Science Board, 2009), and the review of CFSAN is
currently under way.20 CVM produced an extensive strategic plan for this
review, a document that was made available to the committee (FDA Sci-
ence Board, 2009). CFSAN did the same—its first strategic planning effort
in more than a decade. NCTR also has a strategic plan (NCTR, 2009a).
The status of strategic planning for ORA and the extramural research
centers is unknown. Apparently the strategic planning process includes
both "formal" and "informal" scientific planning, both within the agency
and with other agencies having a food safety mission, but the means by
which this is accomplished is unclear. In any case, it is apparent that no
coordinated strategic planning initiative exists in which all FDA food safety
research programs are addressed in a unified way.
In the absence of a coordinated agencywide strategic planning effort for
food safety research, key questions have not been addressed, including the
• What is the tangible value of the FDA's food safety research pro-
gram with respect to supporting the agency's mission?
• What is the appropriate balance between basic and applied research?
Should the agency even be conducting basic research?
19 Personal communication, Donald Zink, Senior Science Advisor, FDA/CFSAN, Septem-
ber 25, 2009.
20 Personal communication, Chad Nelson, FDA, October 13, 2009.
OCR for page 181
• What are the agency's research needs, and do they address critical
data gaps?
• Is the current organizational structure for management of the FDA's
research functions appropriate? If not, what structure would be
more so?
• How is research prioritized, and how are research resources
• Is the current approach to managing researchers effective? For
example, does it make sense to divert researchers to other func-
tions when a crisis arises? Or would it be better to have some
individuals devoted solely to research and some devoted to other
agency functions?
The committee believes that, until these basic questions are answered,
a unified vision for the FDA's food safety research will not be achievable.
The lack of such a vision results in a poorly coordinated research mission
that does not support the development and implementation of a risk-based
food safety management system.
The committee recommends a risk-based approach to managing the
agency's food safety research portfolio, as it does for virtually all FDA
functions. Not only would this approach fulfill the mission of character-
izing and acting on risks from food contaminants, but it would also target
research to answering the most pressing (highest-risk) food safety questions
and problems. Thus, management of the agency's research portfolio would
benefit from application of the principles outlined in Chapter 3 and from
implementation of the recommendations regarding information infrastruc-
ture in Chapter 5.
From a strategic planning standpoint (Step 1 in a risk-based food safety
management system; see Chapter 3), it is important to address the role
of the research mission as a whole, which entails identifying agencywide
public health objectives and determining how research can contribute to
achieving these objectives, as well as what proportion of total resources
should go to research relative to other agency functions. Central to these
deliberations should be a consideration of the importance of research in
supporting risk-based food safety management and what specific role(s)
research should play. It could be argued that the development of analytical
capabilities (e.g., data analysis, risk and decision modeling) is a research
function, and over the next 5 years, extensive resources will be required to
develop these tools. Once such tools have been developed, public health risk
OCR for page 181
ranking (Step 2 of the risk-based approach in Chapter 3), which identifies
and prioritizes the most pressing risk management issues, can be used to
support the allocation of research resources. Although unlikely, it may be
that the management of high-priority risks is best approached without the
need for additional research, in which case the FDA's research portfolio
could be substantially reduced. It is more likely, however, that research will
be needed to address some high-priority issues that the FDA now does not
study, and efforts carried out under Step 2 will direct resources to the areas
of greatest need and relevance.
Research can also be used as a tool in support of targeted information
gathering and analysis of interventions (Steps 3 and 4 of the risk-based
approach, respectively). For example, information necessary to fill data
gaps in risk-ranking or risk-assessment efforts is frequently collected as a
research activity. Research can also be conducted to evaluate the efficacy
of potential interventions or to aid in determining the feasibility of their
implementation. Research can even be applied in monitoring and review
(Step 6 of the risk-based approach) as the FDA seeks to evaluate the effi-
cacy of interventions after their implementation. Finally, the identification
and design of new and innovative ways to apply risk analysis methods to
food safety management is a research function that underpins the entire
risk-based structure.
On a more focused level, research can be used to address unanswered
questions for any specific risk. An example is the almost decade-long prob-
lem of Salmonella in tomatoes. This would likely be a relatively high-
priority issue in a public health risk-ranking exercise. However, there are
key research questions, such as the reservoir(s) for the organism, con-
tamination routes, and the persistence of Salmonella in the contaminated
fruit, that will take substantial resources to tackle. Yet a decision to devote
research resources to the problem of Salmonella contamination in tomatoes
as opposed to another problem (e.g., hepatitis A in green onions) is inher-
ently risk based. To take the argument a step further, if research is directed
to the Salmonella/tomato problem, will the FDA get the most value for its
investment if it focuses on identifying the reservoir(s) for the organism or
on evaluating potential interventions during the postharvest phase? And
how does the FDA identify the various ongoing research projects in the
academic community that address its priority research areas? If answering
such questions is supported by a risk-based approach, the decisions made
become more transparent and justifiable even as the use of limited agency
resources is optimized.
OCR for page 181
The first step in applying a risk-based approach within the context of
the FDA's current food safety research portfolio should be to undertake
a comprehensive inventory and review of the agency's existing research
program without respect for interinstitutional boundaries (e.g., CFSAN,
CVM, NCFST, ORA). Thereafter, each research area should undergo a
comprehensive peer review, conducted by FDA and non-FDA scientists,
whose purpose should be to evaluate such issues as relevance, funding,
productivity, and programmatic benefits in direct support of the agency's
mission. This review might be performed with tools similar to those used
in cost–benefit analysis of interventions (Chapter 3) and would provide
much-needed information before the strategic planning phase was initiated.
Research would then become part of the set of risk management tools avail-
able for agency use. Although the documents provided to the committee
included a list of priority areas of food safety research, the process used to
arrive at this list was not clear.
The committee believes that reorganization of the FDA's research func-
tion is warranted and that such reorganization should be risk based. This
reorganization may necessitate a creative approach to the management of
research resources. A critical initial consideration is preventing duplication
of effort. One area of concern for the committee that has also been high-
lighted by others (GUIRR/NAS, 2009) is the lack of coordination of the
food safety and defense research portfolios in the nation. Better coordina-
tion will entail communication with other federal regulatory and research
agencies (e.g., USDA's FSIS, the Department of Defense, the National Science
Foundation, NIH) that conduct salient activities or projects. Coordination
of research efforts between the FDA and other entities could be expanded
to the international sphere as well. Within the agency, the research function
should not be organized around specific areas of expertise—such as micro-
biologists who specialize in particular organisms (e.g., Salmonella, viruses)
or scientists who specialize in certain techniques (e.g., molecular biology,
biosensors)—or pet projects, but should be focused on key unanswered
questions and problems whose resolution will have the greatest impact on
improving the safety of the food supply by reducing the most significant
public health risks. This means that well-trained researchers with specific
disciplinary expertise will need to work interdependently in multidisciplinary
teams that are designed to deal with particularly complex food safety issues.
Individual research professionals will likely serve as members of more than
one team. As is the case in academia, the FDA's research program should
evolve to become multidisciplinary, interinstitutional, collaborative, trans-
lational, and flexible.
At the same time, it is essential that certain key research thrusts be con-
OCR for page 181
tinued, with an eye to their use in support of risk-based decision making.
An example is the development and application of advanced mathemati-
cal modeling techniques. Likewise, qualified research staff will be needed
to interpret data for appropriate use in support of risk-based food safety
management. Other research areas may support the risk-based system tan-
gentially and might better be outsourced. For example, improved analyti-
cal methods are critical to the generation of quantitative data that can be
used in risk modeling and to the monitoring of production and processing
control points. In fact, a large proportion of the research done by CFSAN
and NCFST is in the area of methods development. However, these centers
may not be the best places for such work. It could be argued that FDA
scientists have worked on methods development for decades with only
limited success. Perhaps the methods development function would best be
outsourced to the academic and private sectors, where cross-cutting innova-
tive approaches ultimately lead to scientific and commercial success.
It is also important to recognize that certain research efforts will be
beyond the scope of current agency resources. For example, the collection
of information on the prevalence or concentrations of microbes or chemi-
cal contaminants across the farm-to-fork continuum and research on the
efficacy of candidate interventions may require collaboration with industry.
Likewise, the agency cannot be expected to have all the necessary in-house
expertise to develop novel risk-modeling techniques, support advanced
information technology capabilities, or keep pace with the rapidly develop-
ing fields of proteomics and bioinformatics. Under these circumstances, the
FDA should consider alternative means by which to foster research, such as
interagency personnel agreements (for short-term expertise), public–private
centers, and formalized extramural funding alternatives (e.g., cooperative
agreements, grants and contracts, research institutes). Although the agency
occasionally uses these mechanisms, the committee believes that additional
efforts to reach out to the scientific community at large would provide
much-needed expertise to solve complex food safety problems using innova-
tive, multidisciplinary approaches. Further, engagement of entities outside
of the FDA would go a long way toward promoting transparency of the
agency's research agenda.
In conclusion, maintaining the appropriate balance between funda-
mental and applied research is critical. The FDA should be true to its
research mission, which focuses on applied and translational research in
support of science-based decision making. The entire research program
should be viewed as supporting the risk-based function; in other words,
research should not exist just for its own sake. This means any fundamen-
tal research that is undertaken should be aimed at answering questions
relevant to controlling the highest-priority risks, and the outcomes antici-
pated from such research must have relevance to risk management decision
OCR for page 181
making. FDA scientists with interests in fundamental research should be
encouraged to collaborate with academia, but the FDA's research resources
should be used mainly to support risk-based food safety priorities.
Results from research allow the FDA to fill data gaps and address
uncertainties and thereby help refine its risk-based decision making. The
committee applauds the recent consultation of the Science Board with
regard to reviewing the research portfolios of CFSAN and CVM. Based on
the information provided by the FDA, however, the committee concluded
that the FDA's current food safety research program is unfocused and
fragmented. For almost a decade there has been no coordinated strategic
planning initiative addressing all FDA food safety research programs as a
whole. Coordination and leveraging of research at CFSAN, CVM, NCTR,
ORA, and the five extramural research centers appear to be insufficient,
and some overlap in their efforts is likely as a result. Many basic questions,
such as the size of the overall research program or the balance of basic
and applied research, need to be addressed if the FDA is to have a unified
vision that reflects the recommended risk-based approach. The committee
concludes that, in addition to enhancements to the FDA's research portfolio,
better coordination of the food safety and defense research conducted in the
nation by government agencies, industry, and academia is needed.
The committee offers the following recommendations to enhance the
FDA's research portfolio.
Recommendation 6-1: The FDA should have a food safety research
portfolio that supports the recommended risk-based approach. To this
end, the agency's current food safety research portfolio should undergo
a comprehensive review. Following this review and with consideration
of the agency's broad strategic plan, the FDA should examine the rel-
evance and allocation of its research resources by using public health
risk ranking and prioritization. Future research should address the
most pressing public health issues and directly support further char-
acterization of risk and selection, implementation, and evaluation of
interventions. In addition, research should be coordinated to prevent
duplication of effort, especially for cases in which research efforts are
better suited to the academic or medical sector.
Once the review and planning of the agency's research program have
been completed, the committee recommends the following key implementa-
tion actions.
OCR for page 181
Recommendation 6-2: Implementation of recommendation 6-1 requires
reorganization of the FDA's research portfolio, including reallocation
of resources from irrelevant or poorly performing initiatives; hiring of
new staff in critical areas and, where appropriate, retraining of existing
staff; and identification of future resource needs to support risk-based
food safety management. Although the committee recognizes the dif-
ficulty of transferring scientists from one research focus to another,
the FDA should foster an environment of fluidity in which teams of
scientists can be formed with ease to address different research initia-
tives as necessary.
Recommendation 6-3: Keeping in mind that the FDA will not be able
to address all important research needs, the agency should continue to
utilize alternative funding mechanisms (e.g., cooperative agreements,
university-based centers, contracts) based on a competitive, peer-review
process. These efforts could be expanded by establishing a competitive
extramural research funding program.
CFSAN/FDA (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition/U.S. Food and Drug Administra-
tion). 2008. Food 00 Intramural Research Portfolio. Rockville, MD: FDA.
CVM/FDA (Center for Veterinary Medicine/U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008.
ThreeYear Research Plan: FY 00−0. Washington, DC: FDA.
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2009. FY 00 Congressional Justification: FDA
Research Actiities. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/
Reports/BudgetReports/2009FDABudgetSummary/ucm116249.pdf (accessed January 22,
FDA. 2010a. About the National Center for Toxicological Research. http://www.fda.gov/
AboutFDA/CentersOffices/nctr/default.htm (accessed March 2, 2010).
FDA. 2010b. FDA Functional Actiity Tables: FY 00 Estimated. http://www.fda.gov/
(accessed January 22, 2010).
FDA. 2010c. FDA Functional Actiity Tables: FY 00 Omnibus. http://www.fda.gov/
(accessed January 22, 2010).
FDA. 2010d. FY 00 Congressional Justification: National Center for Toxicological
Research. http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/ReportsManualsForms/Reports/BudgetReports/
ucm153374.htm (accessed January 21, 2010).
FDA. 2010e. FY 00 Congressional Justification: FDA Research Actiities. http://www.fda.
pdf (accessed January 22, 2010).
FDA Science Board. 2009. Research Planning, Program and Facilities of the Center for Veteri
nary Medicine. http://www.fda.gov/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/
ScienceBoardtotheFoodandDrugAdministration/ucm176816.htm (accessed March 22,
OCR for page 181
Glavin, M. 2008. Reitalizing ORA: Protecting the Public Health Together in a Changing
World: A Report to the Commissioner. Washington, DC: FDA.
GUIRR/NAS (Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable of the National Academy
of Sciences). 2009. Technology Workshop on Food Safety and National Defense. http://
sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/guirr/PGA_053569 (accessed April 7, 2010).
HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2010. FY 00 President's Budget for
HHS. http://www.hhs.gov/asrt/ob/docbudget/index.html (accessed January 29, 2010).
Khan, S. A., K. Sung, M. S. Nawaz, C. E. Cerniglia, M. L. Tamplin, R. W. Phillips, and L. C.
Kelley. 2009. The survivability of Bacillus anthracis (Sterne strain) in processed liquid
eggs. Food Microbiology 26:123–127.
Kiess, A. S., P. B. Kenney, and R. R. Nayak. 2007. Campylobacter detection in commercial
turkeys. British Poultry Science 48:567–572.
Musser, S. 2009. Food Safety Research at FDA. Paper presented at IOM Committee on Review
of the Food and Drug Administration's Role in Ensuring Safe Food Meeting, Washington,
DC, March 24, 2009.
NCTR (National Center for Toxicological Research). 2009a. NCTR Strategic Plan: 00−0.
Jefferson, AK: NCTR.
NCTR. 2009b. FY 00 Accepted Publications. Jefferson, AK: NCTR.
NCTR. 2009c. NCTR Food Publications 00−00. Jefferson, AK: NCTR.
OCR for page 181


text:
In the Awakened State |
AwakeningThis may help some people understand what is going on with their bodies from another perspective. Rather than use the language of religion and spirituality, I have applied some scientific principles .. and tried to put the terminology as simply as possible. |
© 2001 - Christopher Wynter and Fiona Tulk - Hobart Tasmania - All rights reserved. |
May 16, 2001 |
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text:
When things get scary, its nice to know that Odd is on our side.
The one and only Odd Thomas is backin his second edgy and enthralling graphic-novel adventure from #1 New York Times bestselling suspense master Dean Koontz.
Its Halloween in Pico Mundo, California, and theres a whiff of something wicked in the autumn air. While the town prepares for its annual festivities, young fry cook Odd Thomas cant shake the feeling that make-believe goblins and ghouls arent the only things on the prowl. And he should know, since he can see what others cannot: the spirits of the restless dead. But even his frequent visitor, the specter of Elvis Presley, cant seem to point Odd in the right direction.
With the help of his gun-toting girlfriend, Stormy, Odd is out to uncover the terrible truth. Is something sinister afoot in the remote barn guarded by devilish masked men? Has All Hallows Eve mischief taken a malevolent turn? Or is the pleading ghost of a trick-or-treater a frightening omen of doom?
Dean Koontz, the author of many #1 New York Times bestsellers, lives with his wife, Gerda, and the enduring spirit of their golden retriever, Trixie, in southern California.
good reading fr road trip nice comic would've perfered regular reading book but it'll have to do!
I can't really say anything other than that the book arrived as expected. I haven't gotten any feedback from the person I got the book from as to whether it was any good or not. I was pleased with the price.
I like the series of Odd, but didn't particularly like the Graphic novel. Not my style.
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text:
How to Make Giant, Illuminated Balloon Art
Here's a superb way to get a message across: This giant Super Mario "sculpture" is made up of hundreds of LED Floaties (Helium + LEDs + Balloons). Of course, the idea can be altered to fit any graphic or message - All you need is a grid for... |
Incredible DIY Aerial Kite Photography
The outstanding video above is a how to tutorial for DIY kite photography. Chris Benton, an experienced aerial photographer, guides us through his camera rigs, history, and expertise. People have been taking aerial photos like these since the early... |


text:
Klemen Kočila (2010) IUS-TIME document and link processor. EngD thesis.
PDF Download (2233Kb) |
The diploma paper examines the development of IUS SOFTWARE's word processing application. The third chapter considers multilayer environment of the application in function: the upper layer (compiled data web portal display), intermediate application server and the lowest layer (database). The part of the environment is being looked into in more detail insofar it is crucial for the application. The fourth chapter discusses requirements the application must meet, while the fifth chapter is dealing with application's implementation. For presentation purposes the final image of the paper is being used in order to give the reader a clear demonstration of its integral parts; i.e. the impact of the environment on the realization of certain intermediate elements. Through the implementation the user interface (menus, windows, multilingualism), the background processes, plug-ins and the application's final installations by the users are being interpreted both textually and graphically.
Item Type: | Thesis (EngD thesis) | ||||||
Keywords: | Strucko, document, processor, application, links, WPF. | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 43 | ||||||
Language of Content: | Slovenian | ||||||
Mentor / Comentors: |
| ||||||
Link to COBISS: | http://www.cobiss.si/scripts/cobiss?command=search&base=50070&select=(ID=8082260) | ||||||
Institution: | University of Ljubljana | ||||||
Department: | Faculty of Computer and Information Science | ||||||
Item ID: | 1223 | ||||||
Date Deposited: | 10 Nov 2010 11:36 | ||||||
Last Modified: | 13 Aug 2011 00:38 | ||||||
URI: | http://eprints.fri.uni-lj.si/id/eprint/1223 |
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text:
Layoffs were part of a global reduction of the company's information technology workforce after the Nalco merger.
Ecolab's Donnell Slettedahl adjusted Ecolab products on storage shelves at Children's Hospital of Minneapolis.
Ecolab Inc. on Thursday laid off 70 Twin Cities-area employees as part of previously announced restructuring and cost-cutting measures connected to last year's $8.3 billion acquisition of water management firm Nalco Holding Co.
The employees worked in information technology departments at Ecolab's St. Paul headquarters and Eagan research and development facility, company spokesman Roman Blahoski said. They accounted for about 3 percent of Ecolab's Twin Cities workforce and about 20 percent of its local IT workforce, he said.
Ecolab also laid off about 40 other IT workers in other locations this week, Blahoski said. The company, which manufactures cleaning, sanitizing, pest elimination and water management products, operates in 160 countries.
The layoffs are part of plans Ecolab announced in January to cut about 500 jobs from its global workforce of 39,000 this year.
At the time the company didn't say where jobs would be eliminated but said most of the reductions would result from attrition and not filling some job openings that had already been posted. The company said the reductions would come in areas where there is overlap between Ecolab and Nalco. Over time Ecolab expects to eliminate about 1,500 additional duplicate positions.
Blahoski said Friday that most of the 500 job cuts have been completed, and that in addition to the IT employees, a small number of other area workers have been laid off.
Ecolab has said it expects about $75 million in 2012 cost savings related to the Nalco deal. It expects ongoing annual cost savings connected with the acquisition to be about $250 million, up from a previous estimate of $150 million.
Outlook for 2012
Ecolab also has said it expects 2011 adjusted earnings of $2.54 per share. The company expects earnings per share in 2012 to be $2.95 to $3.05, and said that cost savings will help offset the impact of some higher costs, including raw material costs and pension expenses.
Susan Feyder • 612-673-1723


text:
Again, Phoebe came to the desired embrace of Coeus.
Then the goddess through the love of the god conceived and brought forth dark-gowned Leto, always mild, kind to men and to the deathless gods, mild from the beginning, gentlest in all Olympus. Also she bore Asteria of happy name, whom Perses once
led to his great house to be called his dear wife. And she conceived and bore Hecate whom Zeus the son of Cronos honored above all. He gave her splendid gifts, to have a share of the earth and the unfruitful sea. She received honor also in starry heaven,
and is honored exceedingly by the deathless gods. For to this day, whenever any one of men on earth offers rich sacrifices and prays for favor according to custom, he calls upon Hecate. Great honor comes full easily to him whose prayers the goddess receives favorably,
and she bestows wealth upon him; for the power surely is with her. For as many as were born of Earth and Ocean amongst all these she has her due portion. The son of Cronos did her no wrong nor took anything away of all that was her portion among the former Titan gods:
but she holds, as the division was at the first from the beginning,
privilege both in earth, and in heaven, and in sea.
Also, because she is an only child, the goddess receives not less honor,
but much more still, for Zeus honors her. Whom she will she greatly aids and advances:
she sits by worshipful kings in judgement,
and in the assembly whom she will is distinguished among the people. And when men arm themselves for the battle that destroys men,
then the goddess is at hand to give victory and grant glory readily to whom she will.
Good is she also when men contend at the games, for there too the goddess is with them and profits them: and he who by might and strength gets the victory wins the rich prize easily with joy, and brings glory to his parents. And she is good to stand by horsemen, whom she will:
and to those whose business is in the grey discomfortable sea, and who pray to Hecate and the loud-crashing Earth-Shaker, easily the glorious goddess gives great catch, and easily she takes it away as soon as seen, if so she will. She is good in the byre with Hermes to increase the stock.
The droves of kine and wide herds of goats and flocks of fleecy sheep, if she will, she increases from a few, or makes many to be less. So, then, albeit her mother's only child,1she is honored amongst all the deathless gods.
And the son of Cronos made her a nurse of the young who after that day saw with their eyes the light of all-seeing Dawn. So from the beginning she is a nurse of the young, and these are her honors.
1 Van Lennep explains that Hecate, having no brothers to support her claim, might have been slighted.
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text:
Today Marvel Comics unveiled two striking new pieces of art from Age of Ultron, the 10-issue crossover/event series written by Brian Michael Bendis that debuts in March. One of the pieces is a gorgeous rendering of Black Widow by Jung-Geon Yoon, while the other is a powerful depiction of Red Hulk by In-Hyuk Lee.
No information on the storyline for the Age of Ultron, which Bendis claims has "an unguessable ending that will have major repercussions for the Marvel Universe," was included in this latest announcement, though it does appear from their prominence in the teasers that Black Widow and Red Hulk will play an important role in the major crossover event along with Wolverine, Moon Knight, Invisible Woman, and Luke Cage (see "Age of Ultron").


text:
ProtectMarriage.com - Yes on 8, a Project of California Renewal et al v. Bowen et al
Filing 221
ORDER signed by Judge Morrison C. England, Jr on 5/13/10 GRANTING 210 Motion to modify the Pretrial Scheduling Order. The court will issue an amended pretrial scheduling order within 10 days of the date of this order.(Donati, J)


text:
[Date Index] [Thread Index] [Author Index]
Re: Unevaluated functions
mokambo wrote: > > Following your suggestions I tried: > > PowerMod[___] := "N/A"; > > but it does not work unless you unprotect the symbol (a bad idea) > > Attributes[PowerMod] > = {Listable, Protected, ReadProtected} > > So I searched through the docs and found: > > Check[PowerMod[3, -1, 288], "N/A"] > If you really want this effect, why not use Unprotect - you can always use Protect after you have made the change! (Note that these changes only affect the in-core copy of the function - no permanent change is made!) Check is all very well, but some functions - such as Integrate - can return unevaluated without giving a message. I would supply your own function that calls the real function internally, for example: In[498]:= MyIntegrate[x__] := Module[{ans}, ans = Integrate[x]; If[Head[ans] === Integrate, "N/A", ans ] ]; In[499]:= MyIntegrate[f[x], x] Out[499]= "N/A" In[500]:= MyIntegrate[Sin[x], x] Out[500]= -Cos[x] David Bailey http://www.dbaileyconsultancy.co.uk


text:
Complete statistics and more, for any player. Enter as much of the player's name as you know. |
Find statistics for every player in a single organization and navigate the farm system for any organization. Start by selecting an organization. |
View the statistic leaders for every league, individual and team and check to see the scoreboard for each league. |
David Bell, 3b, Brewers
Proper Name: David Michael Bell Born: Sept. 14, 1972 in Cincinnati, Ohio High School: Ht.: 5-10 Wt.: 170 Bats: R Throws: R |


text:
Starting next month, it'll be a little cheaper to spend some time with your multi-talented Cooking Mama. Majesco is bundling together six different Cooking Mama games across three different packages: Mama's Combo Pack Volume 1 and 2 on the DS and Mama's 2-pack on the Wii.
Mama's Combo Pack Volume 1 includes the original Cooking Mama as well asCamping Mama: Outdoor Adventures, and Volume 2 features Cooking Mama 2: Dinner with Friends and Crafting Mama. Mama's 2-pack, meanwhile, includesCooking Mama Cook Off and Cooking Mama World Kitchen. The bundles will be available August 14 for $30 each.
Now, if you'll excuse us, writing this post made us very hungry.
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Baking naans in my tandoorHome >> Experiences
Naan dough recipe In a huge stainless bowl break an egg and beat it Mix
liquid, non sweetened yoghurt. I use about a cup and a half. The amount
of yoghurt will determine how much flour and dough you will get. Mix well using a whip. Add 1.5 cup of lukewarm water for each cup of yoghurt. Add some dry yeast or a cube of fresh yeast. Baking powder is not so good but on the other hand yeast can have an overwhelming taste if you let it rise too long. You can put a pinch of sugar to help feed the yeast. Leave it for about 15 minutes so that the yeast can start multiplying, then add a tablespoon of fine salt for each cup of yoghurt. The salt will delay the rising, so you could add it with the flour later as well. Mix well until you get a smooth mixture. Use white flour with good gluten. The quantity will depend on the weather and the size of your cup, but generally I end up using one kilogram of flour per cup of yoghurt. Sieve it in the bowl.Start with half a kilogram or so, mix it in, then add some more. Stop adding the flour when you have a non-sticky dough. Knead well for at least 10 minutes. Cover with a slightly wet towl and let it rise in a warm place until it doubles, about 2 hours usually. Make sure the dough does not rise too much or the bread won't be good. If your dough is too soft, the exterios half of each naan will fall off the tandoor's walls. After it has risen a cut in your dough should reveal the following structure: Heat the tandoor up and wait until it reaches at least 400�F. Flour the working surface and your hands. Cut a piece of dough the size of an apple and spread it with your hands until it covers your entire hand. Wet the top a little, then sprinkle aromatic seeds and press to fix them. Put the naans ready to bake on a kitchen towel so that they don't stick.Put a naan on a large kitchen glove, seeded face down. With the opposite hand, take a little water in by dipping your fingers in a bowl and wet the naan's back. Put your gloved hand in the tandoor and stick the naan firmly against the inside wall. Check that the naan is well stuck, press again if not. I can put at least 7 in my tandoor, some are easier to place than others depening on the angle. The tandoor walls are extremely hot and the air even hotter. The naans will bake in a few minutes. Here they are only 3 minutes after the preceding picture: Remove the naans using a pair of bread seekhs. The pointed one sticks the naan in the middle while the flat seekh goes between the naan and the tandoor to remove it. If the naan is stuck, leave it a little bit longer, then try again. If the naan falls, here is the result after a couple minutes down the beast's belly: Key success/failure factors are:
The Little Seeds on the Crust
Published 08/09/2006 137977 views Did you like this article? Leave me a comment or see my most popular articles. Copyright FXcuisine 2015 - all rights reserved. 20 Comments
please let me know if you can assist in any way many thanx Sumaya
if u can help me in this matter i would be really abliged thanks durriya
thanks for the many tips you have on offer. I have recently bought a tandoor but when you turn the gas on the starter button seems jammed and does not ignite. I remember when we bought it that a friend of mine (who is now in india) started the tandoor by turning the gas knob and lighting it from inside with some burning newspaper. can you tell me this techniqiue please.
small fire by the side? thanks a lot.
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text: FACEBOOK PRE-SALE DATE & TIME: (This what to use for Mellencamp.com presale password) 3.17.2014 @12pm ET PUBLIC ON SALE: 3.19.2014 @12pm ET TICKET VENDOR: Ticketmaster Doors: 7:00 PM Concert: 8:00 PM VENUE WEBSITE: Casino Rama HAVE MORE QUESTIONS? Learn more about PRE-SALE TICKETS Learn more about PREMIUM ACCESS TICKETS COULD NOT FIND THE ANSWER? CONTACT US: Need help? Have questions? You will get a quicker answer using one of the following three methods. Email email@example.com or Post in the Tickets and Tour forum on the Community Using the message board or email will get you the quickest answer rather than posting a comment below.


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Boo! Ghost Rubber Keychain
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Clinton Township Historical Commission |
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Clinton Township, Michigan USAThe current members of the Clinton Township Historical Commission are:
Moravian HallThe Township Hall more commonly referred to as Moravian Hall, was located on Moravian Drive about 1/2 of a mile south of the Clinton River. In 2001 the Township Hall was moved from the Moravian Drive location to the Townships Historical Village near Canal Road & Romeo Plank Road. After repairs and updating it was re- dedicated on July 14, 2003. The Clinton & Kalamazoo CanalWhen Michigan became a state on January 26, 1837, it was a land of vast forests and marshland which made travel to the interior extremely difficult. In order to help the movement of new settlers inland, the state legislature passed the Internal Improvement Act, which provided for three railroads and two canals. The most ambitious of these improvements was a canal 216 miles long from Mount Clemens to a now extinct village named Singapore at Lake Michigan. Approval of the canal construction was popular because many who came to Michigan traveled by way of the newly completed Erie Canal and understood the advantages of canal travel. Clinton Township and the Clinton River were, in fact named after Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York who was instrumental in the construction of the Erie Canal. The History of Clinton TownshipThe History of Clinton Township Michigan http://archive.org/stream/diaryofdavidzeis01zeis#page/n3/mode/2up On July 22, 1782 David Zeisberger and his followers founded the first settlement in Clinton Township. He described the site of "New Gnadenhutten" in his diary, "founded on this side of the river a fine place to lay out a town on a height ... between the river and the height, there are many springs with many separate little brooks that flow into the river and have exceedingly good water. The land on the site of the town is so sandy ... the lowlands are very rich with heavy timber. We chose this place before all others for our town site ... heavily laden boats can go even to the fork, a half-mile higher up ... and canoes can go much further. We are glad and thankful to have found such a good and healthy a spot for a town site nothing was lacking. We found traces that long ago an Indian town must have stood on this place." Clinton Township Tomlinson ArboretumThe Arboretum is a 25 acre tree park. More information can be found at arboretum.ctwphc.org or at the facebook page FriendsOfTomlinsonArboretum. GREATER CLINTON TOWNSHIP HISTORICAL SOCIETYThe GCTHS partners with the Clinton Township Historical Commission to run the museums in the Historical Village. They also have free public programs at the Clinton Macomb Public Library and have a major role in the Festival of the Senses. Yearly dues are cheap. Maybe you should sign up and get on their e mail list. On Monday March 30, 2015 former Clinton Twp Deputy Supervisor Eric Jackson presented a program on the Village of Quinn 1816-1873 Type QUINN in the search on this web site to see what comes up. The programwas held at the Clinton Macomb Public Library's auditorium. Goodies at 6:30. The program at 7. It is free but any $ put in the donation jar is happily appreciated. In fact, these programs can't be continued much longer without donations and paid memberships. The next program will be on May 18 2015 at the main library auditorium. The topic is Michigans Drive in Theatres. The November 10 2014 was about the Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal. A dvd of the program is in the local history room of the Clinton Macomb Public Library. The Historical Society web site was updated in March 2015. Check it out for future programs and events. clintontwphistory.org LinksThe web page for Clinton Township's Tomlinson Arboretum is a sub domain of the Historical Commission site. Click on http://arboretum.ctwphc.org Hit reload to change the random pictures. This site contains a search on the left side. Enter the topic such as barn, festival, village, Indians etc There are many pictures of the Clinton Township Fire Deparment on this site Use the search on the left side of the screen. The following links may be of interest to those who seek information about local and Michigan history as well as general topics. Detroit Pix (memories from the past) It is worth a look. June 9 2007, a new link was added.Early Michigan History. Added August 12, 2009 is the David Rumsey Map Collection. This is good reading and should keep you up at night. Also, if you want to learn more about the history of the area, you can pay a visit to the Don Green Local History Room at the Clinton Macomb Public Library. Give the reference librarians your library card and they will give you a pass key. MoraviansThis is an account by the Historian Henry A. Ford.(Not the Henry Ford of automobile fame): http://www.ole.net/~maggie/macomb/moravian.htm. Also feast your eyes on the Michigan Pioneer Series. Pages 38-46 mention the Moravian Settlement in what is now Clinton Township The complete set is found in the Donald Green Local History Room in the Clinton - Macomb Library. Thomas DeanThis is the exciting account of Thomas Dean. He traveled in 1817 from New York to the Ohio River and northeast on the Wabash and eventually to Detroit.
There are 77 pages to the series.
Recent Articles: Clinton Township, Michigan USA GREATER CLINTON TOWNSHIP HISTORICAL SOCIETY Clinton Township Tomlinson Arboretum Historical Village Videos Moravians
Recent Historical Articles: The Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal Moravian Hall The Moravians The History of Clinton Township |
235774 since May 2005 |


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At Labelexpo Americas 2012, Sun Chemical will introduce visitors to its full range of solutions for the narrow web, tag and label market, from inks and coatings to brand protection, pre-press services with high-definition digital plate technology, and a dispenser program which lowers ink spend by up to 45%.
"Our customers are counting on Sun Chemical to provide them with reliable inks and coatings through our Solaris System, which is specifically geared toward the narrow web market," said Charles Murray, President, North American Inks, Sun Chemical. "However, we're also taking our promise of 'working for you' to a new level by offering a full range of solutions. Customers can use us not only for inks and coatings, but also for color management, plates, brand protection and more. We hope to be a partner our customers can turn to for any need they may have."
Sun Chemical Inks and Coatings Meet the Specific Needs of Each Individual Customer
At booth 5413, Sun Chemical will feature its Solaris System, a complete line of inks and coatings designed to meet all the printing needs of all narrow web and packaging printers. The full range includes products for virtually all narrow web applications from self-adhesive and in-mold labels to wrap arounds, shrink sleeves, tubes, and food and pharmaceutical packaging.
The global series of inks can be tailored to a printer's specific needs no matter what substrate is utilized including: films, foils, papers, pressure-sensitive papers, plastics, vinyl, top-coated polyethylene, polypropylene and more. Special effect inks and sensory coatings within the Solaris range offer added benefits that enhance consumer brand appeal, such as interactive color shifting inks and SunScent coatings which engage the senses.
Sun Chemical will have a GFI Mx12 Hybrid Dispenser on display at the booth, where visitors can learn firsthand how the Sun Chemical Dispenser Program allows printers to mix the exact amount of inks they need, reduces their inventory and waste, and improves color-matching consistency. The Sun Chemical Dispenser Program for the narrow web tag and label market can lower a customer's ink spend by 45%.
Sun Chemical can help booth visitors explore brand protection options to ensure the integrity of their packaging. Sun Chemical offers a variety of security ink solutions including an infrared coding solution called Verigard, a security system that adds a small quantity of taggants, or chemical markers, to inks, varnishes or coatings for use in any print process on any substrate. There will be a team of brand protection experts at Sun Chemical's booth to discuss the variety of covert, overt and semi-overt options Sun Chemical offers, including hidden logos or words and a variety of color changing inks.
Jim Reiman, the manager for Brand Protection at Sun Chemical, will speak during Labelexpo on Sept. 11 at 4 p.m. to offer solutions brand owners and converters can take to protect the integrity of their packaging and avoid counterfeiting.
Narrow web printers at the show will be introduced to SunGraphics high definition flexographic plate technology, with Esko HD software and CDI high resolution imaging. Converters that utilize the HD printing plates can print with an image quality of up to 4,000 pixels per inch, resulting in expanded tonal range and wider color gamut to produce sharper, more vibrant images and colors.
Printers will also see how new Flat-Top Dot technology prints with 30-60 percent less impression sensitivity compared to the standard digital plates, allowing for longer, cleaner, more consistent runs from beginning to end.
Sun Chemical's team at the booth will explain how its comprehensive range of consumables solutions from blankets to washes help customers improve pressroom operations. Sun Chemical's leading technology for washes, fountain solutions and coatings and superior on-site technical support allows customers to work within strong distribution channels and minimize delivery time.
To learn more about Sun Chemical's products on display during Labelexpo Americas 2012, visit www.sunchemical.com/labelexpo2012 or visit booth 5413 Sept. 11-13, 2012 in Chicago, Illinois. Visitors who come to Sun Chemical's booth will receive a label for their game piece to win a Harley Davidson motorcycle.
Sun Chemical to Introduce Full Range of Solutions for Narrow Web Market at Labelexpo Americas 2012
Published August 1, 2012
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Regions :: India/Pakistan Bayer MaterialScience Opens Color Competence and Design Center in India11:36 PM MST | February 1, 2011 | Deepti Ramesh Bayer MaterialScience says it has inaugurated its previously announced color competence and design center at Greater Noida, near New Delhi. The center provides products and solutions for polycarbonate compounds, ranging from color matching and small-scale production, and technical services to support injection-molding and compounding processes. "Our investment is a reflection of Bayer MaterialScience's commitment to the India market, as well as of our vision to further strengthen our leading position in the polycarbonate market globally," says... This information is only available to Chemical Week subscribers. Forgot your user ID or password?
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The "TV Land Awards 2012," honoring classic television, film and music icons, will return to New York City and be hosted by Kelly Ripa (nationally syndicated talk show "LIVE! With Kelly"), it was announced today by Larry W. Jones, president, TV Land. Ripa previously hosted the show in 2007. Celebrating its 10th anniversary this year, the awards show will honor powerhouse songstress Aretha Franklin with the Music Icon Award and will be held at the Lexington Avenue Armory at Gramercy Park on Saturday, April 14th. The "TV Land Awards 2012″ will air on Sunday, April 29th at 9:00pm ET/PT. More honorees will be announced in coming weeks.
"We are ecstatic to welcome back Kelly as she reprises her role as host of the 'TV Land Awards' this year for our 10th annual celebration," said Jones. "Her energy, enthusiasm and love of television make her the perfect person to lead the evening on the occasion of our 10th Anniversary."
The successful "TV Land Awards" has scored a decade of success including the record-breaking numbers from the "TV Land Awards 2011," which attracted over 2 million viewers for its premiere telecast. The star-studded special, which was held last year in New York City for the very first time, was the highest rated "TV Land Awards" show since 2004 across all key demos and posted double-digit gains in rating and delivery over preceding shows.
The "TV Land Awards" pays tribute to classic and contemporary luminaries of television, music and movies. The 90-minute telecast will feature exhilarating musical performances and will reunite some of the most iconic celebrity TV casts.
Previous honorees include Regis Philbin, Michael J. Fox, John Travolta, Bill Cosby, Mike Myers, Mel Brooks, Carl Reiner, Garry Marshall, the cast of "Glee," "Desperate Housewives" and the hilarious sitcoms "Cheers," "The Cosby Show," "Family Ties," "The Facts of Life," "Everybody Loves Raymond," "Bosom Buddies," "Welcome Back, Kotter," "The Dick Van Dyke Show" and "M*A*S*H*." Past presenters include Academy Award©-winner Halle Berry, Barbara Walters, Justin Timberlake, Ray Romano, Steve Carell, Billy Crystal, Sharon Stone, Robin Williams and Academy Award©-nominee Robert Downey, Jr., to name a few. Past musical performers include Liza Minnelli, Stevie Wonder, Blondie, Diana Ross, Willie Nelson and Lionel Richie.
Michael Levitt ("Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D List," "Billboard Music Awards," "Scream Awards") is executive producer; Five-time Emmy Award©-winning Glenn Weiss is director ("Primetime Emmy Awards," "BET Awards," "The Tony Awards"); Greg Sills […]
Tag Archives: Liza Minnelli
Kelly Ripa to host the "10th Annual TV Land Awards"
New Pics of Liza Minnelli
HollywoodNews.com: The legendary Liza Minnelli, winner of an Oscar, three Tonys, an Emmy, Golden Globe and a Grammy Legend award, is still going strong at 65.
She is a showbiz survivor and continues to enjoy a good stretch after some personal low points.
Liza looks fabulous in these photos taken by Terry Richardson for the latest issue of UK's LOVE magazine.
To view the photos go to GREGINHOLLYWOOD
Photo by PRPhotos
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Liza Minnelli is made an officer in France's Legion of Honour
HollywoodNews.com: When you already have an Oscar, a special Grammy and several Emmys and Tonys, what other honors are there for an iconic entertainer like Liza Minnelli?
How about being made an officer in France's prestigious Legion of Honour!
On Monday, a visibly moved Liza received the red-ribboned medal from the French Culture Minister, Frederic Mitterrand, at a ceremony in Paris.
"We love you because you make our lives better," Mitterrand told the great star."A glance in your eyes is enough to make one imagine Broadway in golden letters sparkling in your eyes, your beautiful eyes."
Liza, the star of such films as Cabaret, The Sterile Cuckoo and New York, New York, said: "What I am really, really so honoured about, is to be a part of France, to be a part of the city and the country of my dreams. Thank you for watching me, thank you for caring about me."
Hollywood royalty Liza is the daughter of Judy Garland and of Vincente Minnelli was directed the classic film An American in Paris.
Photo by PRPhotos
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Kate Middleton, Prince William, Matt Kemp, Richard Branson, Holly Branson, and Liza Minnelli – Latest Photos, July 5, 2011
HollywoodNews.com: Kate Middleton, Prince William, Matt Kemp, Richard Branson, Holly Branson, and Liza Minnelli – Latest Photos. We hope you enjoy the photo gallery below:
Kate Middleton, Prince William, Matt Kemp, Richard Branson, Holly Branson, and Liza Minnelli – Latest Photos. We hope you enjoyed the photo gallery above.
To see more celebrity photo galleries click here
Photos by PRPhotos
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Russell Brand, Jennifer Garner in new "Arthur" clips
By Sean O'Connell
Hollywoodnews.com: On paper, it sounds perfect. Remake "Arthur" — the Dudley Moore classic about a spoiled, rich, pampered, party-seeking billionaire – and build it around our modern-day good-time generator Russell Brand. Cast Oscar-winner Helen Mirren in the role that earned John Gielgud his first and only Oscar. Then shake that cocktail into an enjoyable cinematic drink.
We'll see soon enough if the elements gel in the new "Arthur." The comedy opens next month, but until then, we're starting to see a few teaser clips reach the Web.
This morning, Yahoo! Movies has an awkward wedding proposal between Brand's immature Arthur and Susan (Jennifer Garner), the headstrong woman Arthur's mother wants him to marry. Sounds like a match made in heaven, no?
Collider, in addition, has six new clips pulled from Warner's press site. They are here.
We also have a high-def trailer for "Arthur" to help get you excited for the film's release. The comedy — which also stars Nick Nolte, Luis Guzman, and Greta Gerwig in the Liza Minnelli role as the girl Arthur truly loves — will be in theaters on April 8.
Follow Hollywood News on Twitter for up-to-date news information.
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Hollywood bits: Rosie O'Donnell responds to 'Glee' comment
By Greg Hernandez
HollywoodNews.com: Rosie O'Donnell has never been afraid to speak her mind and God bless her for it.
But sometimes, the Emmy-winning talk show host's words get her into trouble with her fellow celebs. Most recently, an interview Rosie gave to 'Access Hollywood' panning 'Glee's' storyline involving the overweight high school character of Lauren (played by Ashley Fink) who is being pursued by one of the school's jocks (played by Mark Salling).
I posted about this a few days ago but to refresh your memory, Rosie was quoted as saying: "Every woman I know who's heavy has very strong feelings about that storyline. They're like, 'Can you believe that? I think it's horrible. That never happens in school. That character is so unlikeable. Why didn't they get a pretty heavy girl?'"
Rosie reached out to Ashley via Twitter today: "oh ashley – i love ur swagger – ur acting – ur face – ur heart – as a famous fat person – i am often asked about the issue … i love the story line – i love the show – and if in any way something i said hurt u – i apologize … u r so talented and i cant wait to hear u belt it …as i know u can- the often misquoted rosie"
Replied Ashley: "Awh thanks Rosie O! I adore you. Seriously heart you hard. I admire your strong opinions, and have always looked up to you… Now whadda ya say we make a karaoke date and show these folk how big girls get down?! Hahah. For real! Hollar at yo girl!"
Replied Rosie: "I AM TOTALLY IN !!!!! MY TREAT XXXX ONLY LUV 2 U KIDDO!!"
NATE IN NEXT: It would seem to me that if you put a handsome guy like Nate Berkus on the cover of your magazine, a lot more people are going to be interested in picking up a copy!
So smart move by 'Next,' the New York City gay guide, for featuring Mr. Berkus as his syndicated daytime show nears its 100th episode. Nate seems to have gotten a lot more comfortable as the months have gone on and is now very natural and funny.
"'The Nate Berkus Show' is sort of an extension of my personal belief system," he tells the mag. "It's a no-judgment zone; everybody is welcome here, and I'm very free in talking about my sexuality on TV. I want my audience […]
Hollywood bits: Lady Gaga, Elton John, 'Brothers & Sisters'
By Greg Hernandez
HollywoodNews.com: One diva meets another! The great Liza Minnelli attended Lady Gaga's concert last night at Madison Square Garden in NYC. Gaga's performance was being taped for an HBO special that will air on May 7. Gaga asked the audience to give Liza a standing ovation during the concert and the two later met backstage. [More photos as BroadwayWorld.com]
Speaking of Liza, she will guest on Jimmy Fallon's late night show on NBC tonight!
BIG STORY: It was been so great to see how 'Brothers & Sisters,' which I had lost interest in last season, has been so revitalized. Great to be rid of Holly and Rebecca and that whole gang and Ojai Foods too.
The storylines have focused on the core family and the series seems in good shape to return for a sixth season next year. Here's hoping!
Anyway, TV Guide reports that this season's final four episodes will prominently feature Scotty [Luke Macfarlane] and Kevin [Matthew Rhys].
To read more from this article go to Greg In Hollywood.
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Image by PR Photos
GLAAD honoring Ricky Martin and Kristin Chenoweth
By Greg Hernandez
HollywoodNews.com: If you forget about the year when Jennifer Aniston was inexplicably honored, the GLAAD Media Awards usually get it right when it comes time to celebrating the LGBT community and its allies.
The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) today announced it will honor Grammy Award-winning singer Ricky Martin and Emmy and Tony Award-winning actress and singer Kristin Chenoweth at the 22nd Annual GLAAD Media Awards.
Martin will receive the Vito Russo Award at the New York award ceremony on Saturday, March, 19 at the Marriott Marquis Times Square. Chenoweth will receive the Vanguard Award at the Los Angeles event on Sunday, April 10, 2011 at the Westin Bonaventure.
GLAAD also announced that Andy Cohen, Bravo's Executive Vice President of Original Programming and host of 'Watch What Happens: Live' will host the New York event. Additional honorees and special guests will be announced soon.
Nominees for the 22nd Annual GLAAD Media Awards were announced last month and are available here. The awards recognize and honor media for their fair, accurate and inclusive representations of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community and the issues that affect their lives.
Martin will receive the Vito Russo Award, which is named after one of GLAAD's founders, and is presented to an openly LGBT media professional who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for our community.
Previous Vito Russo Award honorees include Cynthia Nixon, Suze Orman, Rosie O'Donnell, Alan Cumming, Nathan Lane, Elton John, Liz Smith, k.d. lang, David LaChapelle, Brian Graden, and Tom Ford.
"Ricky coming out was a game changer for many gay and transgender Latino children, who for too long, did not have many out gay people to look up to," said GLAAD President Jarrett Barrios. "Through his music, videos and interviews, Ricky has sent an important message that our community wants the same things all people do: an equal chance to raise our families and take care of our loved ones."
Chenoweth will receive the Vanguard Award which is presented to media professionals who have increased the visibility and understanding of the LGBT community.
In May 2010, Chenoweth responded to a controversial 'Newsweek' article which incorrectly asserted that gay actors 'cannot play straight roles.' She defended gay actors including Sean Hayes, her co-star in 'Promises, Promises,' and called on 'Newsweek' to "embrace stories which promote acceptance, love and unity."
Chenoweth has demonstrated her devotion to LGBT equality by participating in the National Equality […]
Liza Minnelli says everything by saying nothing
By Greg Hernandez
HollywoodNews.com: When I think about why I love Liza Minnelli, it's because of her strength as a performer in her live stage shows and in films including Cabaret, New York, New York, and The Sterile Cuckoo.
But when I watched Liza being interviewed on Larry King Live last week, I was struck by her ability to say nothing.
I wondered if Larry was off his game at first but soon realized that Liza is a far better performer than she is an interesting or introspective interview.
This new cover story in the new issue of "The Advocate" is further proof, in my opinion.
Some examples include when she was asked about the affinity she and her mother, Judy Garland, had for gay men. Both married at least one gay man. Liza at first said she had to go to the john. Then she said, "I haven't really thought about it." And finally she tells the writer she's glad he said it and brought it out there but: "Honey, I wish I had more to say about it, but I don't."
It is perhaps most disappointing that Liza apparently has no idea why the gays are so devoted to her: "I don't know what gay people see in my music. I really haven't thought about it. I think they see what everyone else sees in my music."
To read more go to GregInHollywood.com.
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Liza Minnelli still surprising fans at age 64
By Greg Hernandez
HollywoodNews.com: At 64 years old, Liza Minnelli is still surprising us.
The icon has been healthy and in good form for several years now after bouts with addiction, health crisis and an ill-advised marriage to David Gest.
Her positive spirit and energy is apparent in Confessions, her first non-cast studio album in nearly 15 years which went on sale today.
It's a collection of spare, mostly piano-driven ballads delivered with an understated warmth and intimacy that USA Today says may surprise both skeptics and the faithful.
"This is jazz singing," Minnelli tells the paper. "I wanted to do an album that you could put on at a dinner party, where people wouldn't have to stop to hear me hit a big note. It wasn't about screaming my head off; it was about grooving on it and enjoying it."
Confessions was recorded while Liza was recovering from surgery for an injured knee, "so we wanted everything to be really comfortable." Working with longtime accompanist Billy Stritch, she compiled a track list that includes oft-covered standards such as I Got Lost in His Arms and At Last but also digs deeper into the American songbook, mining lesser-known personal favorites.
To read more go to GregInHollywood.com.
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Route Grade Votings
Total votes cast 5
Adjacent Routes The wall and flake above. USER COMMENTS
"Endest", surely?
'Endste' in the 1978 Froggatt Guide, the 1st one it appeared in I think
Got to be a misprint then - End, Ender, Endest makes sense, Endste doesn't!
A nice route! Good for beginners! |