text:
55:30113 Anderson,
Barbara A.; Silver, Brian D. The changing shape of Soviet
mortality, 1958-1985: an evaluation of old and new evidence.
Population Studies, Vol. 43, No. 2, Jul 1989. 243-65 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
The authors examine mortality trends in the Soviet
Union during the period 1958-1985. Data for infant mortality, age and
sex differentials, and life tables are analyzed. Findings indicate
that "the official mortality rates for persons aged 60 and over in
1958-59, 1968-71, and 1984-85 are implausibly low. Poor-quality data
at the older ages, particularly in rural areas and the less developed
regions of the country, contributed to these low mortality rates of the
old. As data quality has improved with time, the reported mortality
rates at old ages have increased." Adjustment for error is calculated,
and the importance of considering sources of error in mortality data
for the aged is emphasized.
Correspondence: B. A. Anderson,
University of Michigan, Department of Sociology, Population Studies
Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1070. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30114 Arriaga,
Eduardo E. Changing trends in mortality decline during the
last decades. In: Differential mortality: methodological issues
and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and
Penny Kane. 1989. 105-29 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
chapter reviews changing trends in mortality decline from 1950 to 1980
in selected developing countries. The author attempts to determine
whether the slowing of the mortality decline is actually occurring and
if it is an inevitable trend. He also considers whether those
developing countries with available data for analysis are an accurate
representation of developing countries in general. Available data for
the 1970s are then analyzed to clarify recent mortality trends and
causes of death. Finally, "developing countries for which recent
information is available [are] compared with the United States in 1980,
to determine the age patterns and causes of death that contribute to
the differentials in life expectation between
Correspondence: E. E. Arriaga, U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30115 Blum,
Alain; Monnier, Alain. Recent mortality trends in the
U.S.S.R.: new evidence. Population Studies, Vol. 43, No. 2, Jul
1989. 211-41 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors study three
main areas in recent mortality trends in the USSR using demographic
data recently published in the Soviet Union. "The first is infant
mortality, a subject of considerable controversy among Western
scholars. The new data make it possible to undertake a synthesis of
this debate and understand the phenomenon more clearly. Secondly, long
and short-term trends in mortality can be illuminated as a result of
the publication of a series of life expectancies at birth that cover
almost the whole of the post-war period and of two complete life
tables. Finally, a table of causes of death conforming to the
recommendations by WHO has been published. This table which contains
most interesting results is studied in detail and the figures are
compared with those for other European
Correspondence: A. Blum, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30116 Bouckaert,
Andre. Crisis mortality: extinction and near-extinction
of human populations. In: Differential mortality: methodological
issues and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch,
and Penny Kane. 1989. 217-30 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
author discusses crisis mortality from wars, famines, epidemics,
natural disasters, and environmental pollution as a factor in the
extinction and near-extinction of human populations. He develops the
concept of secondary disaster, defined as the impact of disturbed
social and economic forces on mortality. The impact of such crises on
fertility and migration are also examined.
A. Bouckaert, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Louvain,
Place de l'Universite 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30117 Capocaccia,
R.; Farchi, G.; Mariotti, S.; Verdecchia, A.; Angeli, A.; Scipione, R.;
Feola, G.; Morganti, P. Mortality in Italy in 1985.
[La mortalita in Italia nell'anno 1985.] Rapporti ISTISAN, No. 89/6,
1989. v, 55 pp. Istituto Superiore di Sanita: Rome, Italy. In Ita. with
sum. in Eng.
Mortality data for Italy are presented for 1985. "The
age-and-sex specific rates for the whole of Italy are reported for 45
different death causes, as well as the national standardized rate
referred to 1971 population. The standardized rates for each of the 21
regions and the three main geographical subdivisions: North, Center,
South/Islands are also reported. This report belongs to a series
describing mortality in Italy since 1970, using the same methods, with
yearly up-dating editions."
For a previous publication in this
series presenting data for 1981, see 53:30208.
Correspondence: Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina
Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30118 Fogel,
Robert W. Second thoughts on the European escape from
hunger: famines, price elasticities, entitlements, chronic
malnutrition, and mortality rates. NBER Working Paper Series on
Historical Factors in Long-Run Growth, No. 1, May 1989. 84 pp. National
Bureau of Economic Research [NBER]: Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Eng.
The author investigates causes of the mortality decline that
occurred in Europe toward the end of the nineteenth century. Making
reference to new research approaches and assumptions, he reevaluates
the extent to which the elimination of periodic mortality crises,
especially those due to famine or epidemics, contributed to this
decline. Aspects considered include the measurement of food supply
variations, whether the European famines between 1500 and 1800 were
man-made or related to natural disasters, the impact of government food
distribution policies, and general improvements in nutritional
Correspondence: NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, MA 02138. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30119 Horiuchi,
Shiro. Some methodological issues in the assessment of the
deceleration of the mortality decline. In: Differential mortality:
methodological issues and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka,
Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny Kane. 1989. 64-78 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The author focuses on six factors that could lead
to an underestimation of mortality decline in developing countries. It
is asserted that "the problem in the use of absolute change in
conventional mortality measures for assessing mortality trends can be
avoided by selecting appropriate measures of mortality change and/or
comparing observed changes with some 'standard' schedule of mortality
decline. In many cases, the effects of changes in the completeness of
death registration, and changes in age misreporting patterns, can, to
some extent, be assessed by utilizing existing methods of demographic
analysis. On the other hand, the adjustment of observed mortality
decline for the other three factors (that is, the interrelationships of
fertility, mortality and growth, heterogeneity and differential age
structures) seem to require detailed mortality data on the subnational
level and/or development of new methods and
Correspondence: S. Horiuchi, Population Division,
United Nations, New York, NY 10017. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30120 Jozan,
Peter. Some features of mortality in postwar Hungary: the
third epidemiological transition. Cahiers de Sociologie et de
Demographie Medicales, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1989. 21-42 pp. Paris,
France. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
Trends in mortality in Hungary
since the end of World War II are analyzed. Two distinct periods are
identified. In the period 1945-1965, mortality decreased to
unprecedented levels and life expectancy increased to nearly 70 years.
However, in the past two decades mortality has begun to rise, and life
expectancy has stabilized and in some cases decreased. The author
identifies Hungary as being in the third stage of the epidemiological
transition, in contrast to the countries of Western Europe, which have
entered a fourth stage in which degenerative diseases have been
relegated to a very advanced age.
Correspondence: P. Jozan,
Department of Population Statistics, Central Statistical Office,
Budapest, Hungary. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30121 Kamara,
Joseph A. L. The use of model life tables in the
estimation of mortality trends for African countries. In: African
Population Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 7.1.31-46 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
The author evaluates several different
methods for using model life tables to estimate mortality trends in
African countries. The purpose is to determine which method is least
sensitive to assumptions about age patterns of mortality, in order to
compensate for the fact that African data for mortality by sex and age
are often inadequate.
Correspondence: J. A. L. Kamara,
Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, University of London, 99 Gower Street, London WC1, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30122 McAvinchey,
Ian D.; Wagstaff, Adam. Distributed lags in the
relationship between unemployment and mortality: the case of the
United Kingdom. Department of Economics Discussion Paper, No.
87-21, [1987]. [34] pp. University of Aberdeen, Department of
Economics: Aberdeen, Scotland. In Eng.
"This paper analyses the
problem of determining an 'optimal' polynomial distributed lag
structure in a model of the relationship between unemployment and
mortality. It argues that--contrary to the claims of Brenner...there
are no strong a priori reasons for supposing a low degree polynomial
will be appropriate. The paper outlines a method for determining the
lag length and polynomial degree from the data and applies the method
to postwar data for the United Kingdom. The results suggest that the
restrictions imposed by Brenner...are inappropriate and that the model
is almost certainly misspecified in other
Correspondence: University of Aberdeen,
Department of Economics, Dunbar Street, Old Aberdeen, AB9 2TY,
Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30123 McAvinchey,
Ian D.; Wagstaff, Adam. Income effects on mortality rates:
estimates from a varying parameter model. Department of Economics
Discussion Paper, No. 87-20, [1987]. 30 pp. University of Aberdeen,
Department of Economics: Aberdeen, Scotland. In Eng.
"This paper
proposes a new approach to modelling the mortality consequences of
economic instability using a varying parameter model. The economic
instability hypothesis is tested against several alternative hypotheses
about the 'income elasticity' of mortality and against a naive
first-order autoregressive mortality model." The model was tested on
time series data from the United Kingdom. Results indicate that "the
mortality consequences of economic instability have almost certainly
been exaggerated in the past."
Correspondence: University
of Aberdeen, Department of Economics, Dunbar Street, Old Aberdeen, AB9
2TY, Scotland. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (New York, New
York). Life expectancy remains at record level.
Statistical Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 3, Jul-Sep 1989. 26-30 pp. New York,
New York. In Eng.
Life expectancy in the United States in 1988 is
discussed. It is noted that although expectations of life at birth
remained unchanged from 1987's record level of 74.9, 1988 marked the
first time in 20 years that life expectancy for newborn boys showed a
slight decrease.
Correspondence: Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, One Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010-3690.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30125 Moen,
Phyllis; Dempster-McClain, Donna; Williams, Robin M.
Social integration and longevity: an event history analysis of
women's roles and resilience. American Sociological Review, Vol.
54, No. 4, Aug 1989. 635-47 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
paper investigates the implications of multiple roles for the longevity
of women. Drawing on a two-wave 30-year panel study of 427 wives and
mothers in upstate New York, we use event history techniques to test
the effects of both the number and the nature of roles on the duration
of women's lives. We find that social integration, defined by the
number of roles occupied, promotes longevity, but that one form of
integration--membership in a voluntary organization--is especially
Correspondence: P. Moen, Sociology Program,
National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30126 Munoz
Pradas, Francisco. The estimation of Chilean mortality
(1860-1940): limits and possibilities. [La estimacion de la
mortalidad chilena (1865-1940): limites y posibilidades.] Latin
American Population History Newsletter, No. 15, Spring 1989. 2-9 pp.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. In Spa.
The limitations and errors in data
sources, primarily censuses and vital statistics, concerning mortality
in Chile from 1865 to 1940 are examined. Solutions are offered to
adjust the sources' underestimations, particularly with regard to
infant mortality.
Correspondence: F. Munoz Pradas, Centre
d'Estudis Demografics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193
Bellatierra, Barcelona, Spain. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30127 Norstrom,
Thor. Real wages, alcohol consumption and mortality in
Sweden, 1861-1913. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne
de Demographie, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1988. 183-96 pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
Factors affecting the decline in
mortality among Swedish men that occurred during the latter part of the
nineteenth century are analyzed. In addition to the impact on
mortality of changes in real wages, the author develops the hypothesis
that a decline in alcohol consumption was a contributing factor. These
relationships are explored using time-series analyses on official data
for the period 1861-1913. The results indicate that "real wages as
well as alcohol consumption per capita had a statistically significant
effect on male mortality. When the alcohol predictor was omitted in
the model, the wage effect did not reach statistical significance. The
decline in male mortality during the study period was, on the average,
about one per cent per year. According to the results, a good half of
this decrease is attributable to the trends in real wages and alcohol
Correspondence: T. Norstrom, Swedish
Institute for Social Research, University of Stockholm, S-106 91
Stockholm, Sweden. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30128 Rodriguez,
Leticia. Mexico: the contribution of causes of death to
changes in life expectancy, 1970-1982. [Mexico: contribucion de
las causas de muerte al cambio en la esperanza de vida, 1970-1982.]
CELADE Serie B, No. 56, Pub. Order No. LC/DEM/G.73. Mar 1989. iii, 109
pp. Canadian International Development Agency [CIDA]: Ottawa, Canada;
U.N. Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia [CELADE]: Santiago, Chile. In
Methods developed by John H. Pollard are used to analyze the
impact of changes in causes of death on life expectancy over time in
Mexico. Data are from the World Health Organization and the Mexican
censuses of 1970 and 1980. The focus of the study is on a comparison
of differences in life expectancy and causes of death by sex between
1969-1971 and 1981-1982. The author describes the available sources of
data and summarizes recent mortality trends by sex and age.
Consideration is also given to the probable effect on future mortality
trends of further changes in causes of death. Some comparisons are
made between the mortality situation in the Netherlands and Mexico in
Correspondence: CELADE, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30129 Rogers,
Andrei; Gard, Kathy. Applications of the Heligman-Pollard
model mortality schedule. Population Program Working Paper, No.
WP-89-1, Mar 1989. 21, [16] pp. University of Colorado, Institute of
Behavioral Science, Population Program: Boulder, Colorado. In Eng.
The focus of this paper is on the Heligman-Pollard model of
mortality schedules and its application to U.S. data. The authors
"apply it to a historical time series, move on to examine forecasting
application, extend the discussion to causes of death, turn to a study
of spatial differences, and then consider descriptions of sex-specific
mortality schedules that are disaggregated by race. Finally, we
propose an alternative model to the Heligman-Pollard specification and
offer a few conclusions."
Correspondence: Population
Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado,
Boulder, CO 80309. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30130 Tsenov,
Angel. The needs of old and elderly people for medical
aid. [Potrebnosti na vazrastnite i starite khora ot meditsinska
pomoshch.] Naselenie, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989. 24-30 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria.
In Bul. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The dynamics of increased life
expectancy in Bulgaria from the 1930s to 1975 are reviewed separately
for the rural and urban population. The increase in the size of the
population over age 60 is noted, and implications for the provision of
health services are assessed. The importance of planning and of
projecting changes in the population is stressed.
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30131 Tu, Edward
Jow-Ching; Liang, Jersey; Li, Shaomin. Mortality decline
and Chinese family structure: implications for old age support.
Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 4, Jul 1989.
S157-68 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
"This study examined the
effect of mortality change on the probabilities of survival for various
family members and parent/child joint life expectation in Chinese
mainland and Taiwan during the past 60 years. Major increases in life
expectancy have led to the doubling of the average number of person
years of an individual's life spent as a grandparent during that time.
In a sense, the family burden of old age support is twice as much as
before. It is concluded that the role of family in providing old age
support needs to be complemented and reinforced by public
Correspondence: E. J.-C. Tu, Center for Social
and Demographic Analysis, State University of New York, 1400 Washington
Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. Location: Princeton University
Library (SW).
55:30132 Bhatia,
Shushum. Patterns and causes of neonatal and postneonatal
mortality in rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning, Vol.
20, No. 3, May-Jun 1989. 136-46 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
author examines patterns and causes of neonatal and infant mortality in
rural Bangladesh based on data from a maternal-child health and family
planning (MCH/FP) survey and compares health-serviced areas with
non-serviced populations. A decline in infant mortality is reported
for serviced areas but is confined to neonatal deaths only.
"Cause-of-death data indicated that the differences in the neonatal
mortality rates between the two areas was mainly due to a marked
decline in tetanus neonatorum deaths in the MCH/FP program area,
because of the tetanus toxoid immunization of pregnant women there.
The interventions in the MCH/FP area, however, did not dignificantly
influence mortality due to any other cause. This study provides an
explanation for the limited impact of infant mortality of health
interventions that focus on diarrheal diseases and immunizations of
Correspondence: S. Bhatia, Department of
Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street,
Baltimore, MD 21205. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30133 Kikhela, D.
Nzita. Techniques for collection and analysis of data on
perinatal mortality in Kinshasa, Zaire. Infant Mortality and
Health Studies: Technical Study, No. 61e, ISBN 0-88936-529-6. 1988. x,
87 pp. International Development Research Centre [IDRC]: Ottawa,
Canada. In Eng. with sum. in Fre; Spa.
"The methodological findings
of a study in Kinshasa [Zaire] from 1981 to 1986 are presented here as
a step toward the better study of mortality in the young. These
findings focus on three topics: data gathering, the preparation and/or
application of a conceptual framework, and the determination of which
families are at risk." The author discusses some details of survey
methodology, including selection of interviewers and the sample
population, questionnaire design, and the conceptual framework to which
the data are applied. "Lastly, an appropriate methodology is presented
for determining families at risk. This methodology, segmentation, is
not novel. However, we believe that presenting its possibilities is
likely to favour its greater use in developing countries where the
design of an effective [health] policy requires, as a prerequisite, the
identification of the target groups."
Correspondence: IDRC,
PO Box 8500, Ottawa, Ontario K1G 3H9, Canada. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30134 Patel,
Vibhuti. Sex-determination and sex-preselection tests in
India: modern techniques for femicide. Bulletin of Concerned
Asian Scholars, Vol. 21, No. 1, Jan-Mar 1989. 2-11 pp. Boulder,
Colorado. In Eng.
"In India during recent years techniques that
were developed to detect genetic deformities in fetuses have been
increasingly used mainly for determining the sex of fetuses so that
female fetuses can be exterminated. This paper explores the factors
underlying this practice and the related practice of preselecting the
sex of offspring, examining both the widespread availability and use of
sex-determination and sex-preselection techniques and the root causes
of female devaluation in India. Also presented and analyzed are the
responses of women's groups and the government to these uses of modern
technology to carry out the ultimate abuse of women--not allowing them
to be born."
Correspondence: V. Patel, SNDT Campus, Bombay,
India. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
55:30135 Tapia
Zapatero, Jaime; Tapia Chavez, Raul; Olivos Torres, Gladys.
Perinatal mortality in Chile, 1956-1986. [Mortalidad perinatal
en Chile, 1956-1986.] Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana,
Vol. 106, No. 4, Apr 1989. 287-95 pp. Washington, D.C. In Spa. with
sum. in Eng.
"The trend of perinatal mortality in Chile is analyzed
for the period from 1956 to 1986, showing changes in late fetal
mortality according to age of the mother, parity, and weight of the
newborn. Overall perinatal mortality, including both late fetal and
early neonatal mortality categories, followed a general downward trend.
The decrease was not steady, however, and the rate was not the same
for both categories."
Correspondence: J. Tapia Zapatero,
Hospital Herminda Martin, Unidad de Neonatologia, 18 de Septiembre 310,
Chillan, VIII Region, Chile. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30136 Aaby,
Peter. Observing the unexpected: nutrition and child
mortality in Guinea-Bissau. In: Micro-approaches to demographic
research, edited by John C. Caldwell, Allan G. Hill, and Valerie J.
Hull. 1988. 278-96 pp. Kegan Paul International: New York, New
York/London, England. In Eng.
Using a study of child mortality and
nutrition in Guinea-Bissau as an example, the authors discuss how to
allow for the unexpected in research design and how to analyze it when
it occurs. "To sum up our experience from Guinea-Bissau, the most
fruitful structure of data collection with respect to demographic
questions appears to be a combination of longitudinal surveys and more
open-ended interviews/participant observation. The essential feature of
the research process is the pursuit of all contradictions. This is
best done by using different levels of observation and data collection.
The combination of different sets of data and approaches facilitates
the recognition of contradictions and the analysis of the
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30137 Abdel Aziz,
Abdallah M. The effect of reproductive behavior on infant
and early childhood mortality in Jordan. Pub. Order No. DA8821539.
1988. 198 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
"This study integrates various aspects of earlier studies
of child mortality into a comprehensive examination of the reproductive
factors affecting infant and early childhood mortality in Jordan. The
probability [of an infant dying] is studied over a series of short age
intervals employing logit models. The major features of this study
include: a detailed examination of the quality of data; utilization of
individual, household and community data; tracing the risk of dying
over age; and estimating infant mortality for different patterns of
reproduction. This study employs data from the 1976 Jordan Fertility
Survey, in which the units of analysis are live births which took place
in the 5-year period 1971-76. The main findings of the study are that
the duration of breastfeeding and the length of the preceding birth
interval are important determinants of mortality during
infancy....Projections of infant mortality utilizing these results
indicate that the potential gains due to changes in birth spacing can
be substantial, especially if births are spaced by at least two
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the
University of Michigan.
Correspondence: University
Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 49(8).
55:30138 Bailey,
Mohamed. Individual and environmental influence on infant
and child mortality in rural Sierra Leone: a multivariate
analysis. Journal of Population Studies, No. 12, Jun 1989. 155-85
pp. Taipei, Taiwan. In Eng. with sum. in Chi.
The impact of
individual and environmental factors on infant and child mortality in
rural Sierra Leone is explored. "The method of multivariate regression
analysis was performed to distinguish the effects of these variables.
Higher birth orders, male births and low family income were associated
with high mortality. Duration of breastfeeding, maternal education and
larger rural places showed negative effects on mortality. Although the
variables, piped water and health center/dispensary services were not
significant, they exhibited the expected negative influence on
mortality. Recommendations for reducing mortality are suggested." Data
are from a 1979 survey of currently married women aged 15 to 49
Correspondence: M. Bailey, Department of
Sociology/Demography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30139 Basu, Alaka
M. Is discrimination in food really necessary for
explaining sex differentials in childhood mortality? Population
Studies, Vol. 43, No. 2, Jul 1989. 193-210 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"In this paper the assumption is questioned that it is the
intra-household distribution of food which is an important cause of the
observed sex differences in childhood mortality in much of South Asia.
An analysis of data from a recent field study as well as a fresh look
at information from secondary sources, leads to the conclusion that, at
present, the causal link from malnutrition to mortality is ambiguous at
best. Other possible real-world determinants of sex differences in
mortality are examined and it is found that differential utilisation of
modern health care is probably an important...determinant. Finally
some of the socio-economic influences on sex discrimination in health
care are examined and a case is presented for increasing women's
employment outside the home."
Correspondence: A. M. Basu,
National Council of Applied Economic Research, Parisila Bhavan,
Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi 110 002, India. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30140 Bhuiya,
Abbas; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Karim, Rezaul. Malnutrition and
child mortality: are socioeconomic factors important? Journal of
Biosocial Science, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1989. 357-64 pp. Cambridge,
England. In Eng.
"The influences of household economic condition,
maternal education, sex, and nutritional status of children on
mortality [in Bangladesh] were examined using multivariate analytical
techniques. Weights of around 1,700 children aged 2-60 months in five
villages...were taken during the first half of 1981. The children were
followed for 18 months and their survival was recorded. The severely
malnourished children had a risk of death nine times that of their
counterparts with better nutritional status. Female children had a
higher risk of death than the males. Mother's education and economic
condition of household also showed negative relationships with the risk
of death, but the effect of mother's education was modified by economic
condition and sex of the children."
Correspondence: A.
Bhuiya, Department of Demography, Australian National University, GPO
4, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30141 Briend,
Andre; Bari, Abdul. Critical assessment of the use of
growth monitoring for identifying high risk children in primary health
care programmes. British Medical Journal, Vol. 298, No. 6688, Jun
17, 1989. 1,607-11 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The authors
investigate "whether change in weight was a more useful index than
weight for age in assessing the risk of dying among malnourished
children." Data are from a study conducted in a rural community in
Bangladesh being served by an international health organization and
concern 1,011 children under age five, of whom 66 died. The authors
find that "for identifying children with a high risk of dying, weight
for age is a more efficient screening tool than a recent change in
Correspondence: A. Briend, ICDDR,B, Box 128, Dhaka
1000, Bangladesh. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
55:30142 Callum,
Christine; Cleland, John. The effect of birth spacing on
infant and child mortality. In: Egypt: demographic responses to
modernization, edited by Awad M. Hallouda, Samir Farid, and Susan H.
Cochrane. 1988. 215-37 pp. Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and
Statistics: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
The effect of birth interval
length on infant and child mortality is examined using data from the
1980 Egyptian Fertility Survey. Two dominant findings have emerged
from the analysis. "The first concerns the effect of the length of the
immediate preceding birth interval. Children born after long intervals
of four or more years are much less likely to die in infancy and
childhood than children born after shorter intervals. The shorter the
preceding interval, the greater becomes the risk of dying....This
striking relationship persists regardless of the socio-economic status
of the family, the region of residence, the birth order or sex of the
child or maternal age....The second dominant finding concerns the
impact of the length of the interval following the birth of a child.
When this interval is less than 18 months in duration, the risk of
dying between age one and two is doubled and that of dying between age
two and five is raised by 38 per cent."
Correspondence: J.
Cleland, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street,
London WC1E 7HT, England. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30143 Chen,
Lincoln C. Micro-approaches to the study of childhood
mortality in rural Bangladesh. In: Micro-approaches to demographic
research, edited by John C. Caldwell, Allan G. Hill, and Valerie J.
Hull. 1988. 263-77 pp. Kegan Paul International: New York, New
York/London, England. In Eng.
"The purpose of this paper is to
advance the proposition that our understanding of the determinants of
childhood mortality in developing countries would be strengthened by
the application of micro-demographic methods to complement traditional
demographic approaches....This chapter illustrates these comparative
uses of micro-demographic techniques in the study of childhood
mortality in one rural region of Bangladesh. The two case studies
selected illustrate simultaneous demographic and micro-studies of
mortality determinants in the same population over similar time
periods. By comparing the findings generated from two different
approaches, the comparative roles and advantages of large scale
quantitative versus smaller scale but in-depth micro methods are
highlighted." Data are from official Bangladesh sources for the years
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30144 Deeb, Mary
E. Household structure as related to childhood mortality
and morbidity among low income areas in Amman. Pub. Order No.
DA8819040. 1987. 183 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann
Arbor, Michigan. In Eng.
The author studies the impact of improved
household structure on child mortality and morbidity in a low-income
urban population in Jordan for the period 1981-1985. Physical
improvements of housing such as piped water and electricity were shown
to be important determinants of improved child survival that
counteracted the impact of maternal education as a factor by
This work was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at Johns
Hopkins University.
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 49(9).
55:30145 Eid,
Ismail; Casterline, John B. Differentials in infant and
child mortality. In: Egypt: demographic responses to
modernization, edited by Awad M. Hallouda, Samir Farid, and Susan H.
Cochrane. 1988. 179-213 pp. Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and
Statistics: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
Trends in infant and child
mortality in Egypt are reviewed using data from the 1980 Egyptian
Fertility Survey. The focus is on mortality differentials by
demographic and socioeconomic variables and characteristics of rural
villages. Factors considered include sex of child, maternal age, birth
order, birth interval, place of residence, respondent's and spouse's
educational and occupational status, environment, socioeconomic status,
and availability of medical services. A multivariate analysis
indicates the net effects of the differentials on child survival in
Correspondence: I. Eid, Central Agency for Public
Mobilisation and Statistics, Salah Salem Road, POB 2086, Nasr City,
Cairo, Egypt. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30146 Feyisetan,
Bamikale J. Understanding the relationship between child
care practices and child mortality: the need for ethnographic
approaches in child mortality studies. In: African Population
Conference/Congres Africain de Population, Dakar, Senegal,
November/novembre 7-12, 1988. Vol. 3, 1988. 7.2.37-55 pp. International
Union for the Scientific Study of Population [IUSSP]: Liege, Belgium.
In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper makes a case for the use of
ethnographic observation as a complement to the structured tools of
data collection (the questionnaire and...formal interviewing) widely
used in mortality studies in Africa. The case is built on two
observations that suggest, among others, the inadequacy of the formal
tools of data collection alone to yield adequate data that provide
sufficient insight into the mechanisms through which behavioural
practices affect child health and consequently child mortality."
Ethnographic methods are the means by which anthropologists gather
information that provides detailed recordings of the social-cultural
context in which a particular behavior
Correspondence: B. J. Feyisetan, Department of
Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife,
Nigeria. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30147 Fisek,
Nusret H. Determinants of child mortality in Turkey.
In: Differential mortality: methodological issues and biosocial
factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny Kane.
1989. 156-62 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford,
England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
Determinants of
infant and child mortality in Turkey are studied. The author finds that
low utilization of available health services and noncompliance with
recommendations of health care providers are the main factors affecting
infant and child mortality. "These findings indicate that the
provision of health services alone is not sufficient to control
mortality. Cultural values and socio-economic conditions have to be
Correspondence: N. H. Fisek, Hacettepe
University, Hacettepe Parki, Ankara, Turkey. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30148 Goldin,
Claudia; Margo, Robert A. The poor at birth: birth
weights and infant mortality at Philadelphia's almshouse hospital,
1848-1873. Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 26, No. 3, Jul
1989. 360-79 pp. Duluth, Minnesota. In Eng.
"Birth weights and
infant mortality in Philadelphia from 1848 to 1873 are analyzed using
almshouse hospital case records. The mean birth weight was 7.48 pounds
for live infants and compares favorably with mid-20th century
standards; only 10% were below the critical level of 2,500 grams. The
absolute risk of fetal and first-day mortality, holding birth weight
constant, is considerably higher than in modern data. There is no
evidence of a time trend in birth weight, with the important exception
of a sharp drop from 1866 to 1870. A mother's length of stay in the
almshouse increased the weight of her infant. The poorhouse, despite
much criticism, had some ameliorative
Correspondence: C. Goldin, Department of
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Location: Princeton University Library (PF).
55:30149 Guzman,
Jose M. Trends in socio-economic differentials in infant
mortality in selected Latin American countries. In: Differential
mortality: methodological issues and biosocial factors, edited by Lado
Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny Kane. 1989. 131-44 pp. Oxford
University Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press:
Oxford, England. In Eng.
The author studies changes in infant
mortality trends in Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, Guatemala, and Panama
using data from 1983 and 1984 CELADE sources. The primary objective is
to examine how infant mortality differentials have changed within
countries in the different socioeconomic groups and geographic regions.
Consideration is also given to the impact of residence
characteristics, maternal education, and social class on such
Correspondence: J. M. Guzman, CELADE,
Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 91, Santiago, Chile.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30150 Haaga, John
G. How is birthspacing related to infant health?
Malaysian Journal of Reproductive Health, Vol. 6, No. 2, Dec 1988.
108-20 pp. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
"This paper reviews
possible biomedical mechanisms connecting birthspacing with infant
mortality and assesses their likely importance in accounting for the
strength of these relationships observed in household surveys in
developing countries. This is partly to help refine estimates of the
effects of family planning programs on infant health and partly to
identify promising leads for research and the design and targetting of
future maternal and child health
Correspondence: J. G. Haaga, RAND
Corporation, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30151 Hoffman,
Howard J.; Denman, Daniel W.; Damus, Karla; van Belle, Gerald.
Comparison of matched versus unmatched analyses in a case-control
study of SIDS risk factors. In: American Statistical Association,
1987 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1987]. 318-23 pp.
American Statistical Association: Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
authors compare the quality of matched and unmatched analyses, based on
a case-control study of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS) in the United States. The comparison takes into account DTP
immunization, low birth weight, ethnic group, maternal age, prenatal
care, maternal educational status, and breast-feeding. "Data were
collected for eligible SIDS cases who died during a 15-month period
from October 1978 through December 1979."
H. J. Hoffman, National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30152 Holian,
John. Infant mortality and health care in Mexican
communities. Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 5, 1989.
677-9 pp. Elmsford, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"Data from
the 1976-77 Mexican Fertility Survey show a high degree of correlation
among community background characteristics, access to medical services
and utilization of health care in a sample of 125 localities. All of
these factors are related to infant mortality at the bivariate level.
Use of prenatal and infant health care, but not proximity to medical
personnel and facilities, is found to affect infant survival
independently of the community's degree of socio-economic development.
The findings point to the need to employ separate measures of medical
access and health utilization."
Correspondence: J. Holian,
Cuyahoga Community College, 11000 Pleasant Valley Road, Cleveland, OH
44130-5199. Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
55:30153 Ismail,
Abdel F.; Casterline, John B.; Cooksey, Elizabeth C.
Household income and child survival. In: Egypt: demographic
responses to modernization, edited by Awad M. Hallouda, Samir Farid,
and Susan H. Cochrane. 1988. 279-313 pp. Central Agency for Public
Mobilisation and Statistics: Cairo, Egypt. In Eng.
"The major aim
[of this research] is to estimate the effects of household income on
infant and early childhood survival [in Egypt]. Because the analysis
incorporates a number of other socio-economic characteristics, namely
region and type of place of residence, maternal education and paternal
status, we will also consider the relative importance of each as
determinants of mortality in Egypt. A further objective is to examine
the extent to which income effects operate indirectly through other
household characteristics, such as sanitation conditions, and through
parental characteristics, such as maternal age and parity. Finally, to
obtain a more detailed picture of the role of household income, we
perform analyses separately for infant and early childhood mortality
(ages 1-4 years), and utilize a variety of income measures." Data are
from the 1980 Egyptian Fertility Survey.
Correspondence: A.
F. Ismail, Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Salah
Salem Road, POB 2086, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30154 Kwok, Kwan
Kit; Tan, Poo Chang; Tan, Boon Ann; Tey, Nai Peng; Arshat,
Hamid. Survival functions for the first year of life in
Peninsular Malaysia. Jun 1988. 54 pp. National Population and
Family Development Board: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In Eng.
study analysed the chances of survival in the first year of life using
retrospective birth histories from the 1984/85 Malaysian Population and
Family Survey. The main objectives of the study are: (a) to estimate
the empirical survival functions of the main [ethnic] subgroups of the
population by means of life table techniques, (b) to highlight the main
differentials in survival chances of these groups, (c) to fit a
logistic function to the data and (d) to examine further the main
socio-economic differentials in survival chances, controlling for the
effects of the main covariates."
Correspondence: National
Population and Family Development Board, No. 22 Jalan Murai Dua, 51100
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30155 Marcotte,
John E. The impact of piped water on child mortality and
breastfeeding in Ecuador and Brazil. Pub. Order No. DA8901177.
1988. 228 pp. University Microfilms International: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
In Eng.
The author examines the impact of piped water on child
mortality and breast feeding duration in Ecuador and Brazil. "Each
chapter shows differentials in the impact of piped water for urban and
rural areas, regions, low and non-low income households, education
groups, the literate and illiterate, crowded and not crowded housing,
and dwellings with and without a gas or electric cooker."
This work
was prepared as a doctoral dissertation at the University of
Correspondence: University Microfilms
International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, A: Humanities
and Social Sciences 49(11).
55:30156 Palloni,
Alberto. Effects of inter-birth intervals on infant and
early childhood mortality. In: Differential mortality:
methodological issues and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka,
Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny Kane. 1989. 163-88 pp. Oxford University
Press: New York, New York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford,
England. In Eng.
The author examines the effects of inter-birth
intervals on infant and early childhood mortality. The relationships
between birth intervals and breast-feeding are first defined.
Methodological problems in designing an optimum estimation model are
then discussed. "Third, some of the most important hypotheses are
tested on a sample of Latin American [and Caribbean] countries with
available information. Finally, an effort is made to measure the
effects of breast-feeding and pace of child-bearing....In only a few
cases...are these effects significantly altered by special
contingencies, such as mother's education, levels of mortality and
fertility, and patterns of breast-feeding. Finally...it is verified
that the main mechanisms through which the effects of inter-birth
intervals operate do not, solely or mainly, involve the existence and
variable duration of breast-feeding."
Correspondence: A.
Palloni, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, WI 53706. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30157 Reed, Allen
H.; Kau, Tsui-Ying. Formulation of an equation to assess
patterns of infant mortality in Detroit. In: American Statistical
Association, 1987 proceedings of the Social Statistics Section. [1987].
328-33 pp. American Statistical Association: Alexandria, Virginia. In
"In this paper we derive an equation to be used to examine
patterns of infant mortality in the 51 subcommunities which comprise
the city of Detroit. The paper demonstrates the use of regression
diagnostics to fit multiple regression models, successively reducing
the extent of collinearity by deletion of nearly linearly related
variables....Data for this study were compiled from two 1980 [U.S.]
census summary tape files. Information was aggregated by subcommunity
and included variables describing income, education, population
density, average number of children per family and per broken
Correspondence: A. H. Reed, School of Medicine,
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30158 Retherford,
Robert D.; Choe, Minja Kim; Thapa, Shyam; Gubhaju, Bhakta B.
To what extent does breastfeeding explain birth-interval effects on
early childhood mortality? Demography, Vol. 26, No. 3, Aug 1989.
439-50 pp. Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"This article shows that
in Nepal breastfeeding almost completely explains the effects of
following birth interval on childhood mortality during the first 18
months of age and partially explains the effect of following birth
interval on childhood mortality between 18 and 60 months of age.
Breastfeeding does not explain the effect of preceding birth interval
on childhood mortality. The analysis is based on an application of
hazard models to data from the 1976 Nepal Fertility
Correspondence: R. D. Retherford, Population
Institute, East-West Center, Honolulu, HI 96848. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30159 Rosenberg,
Margit. Breast-feeding and infant mortality in Norway
1860-1930. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1989.
335-48 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"Using medical records from
maternity clinics in the two Norwegian cities Oslo and Bergen, the
effect of lactation on infant mortality during the period 1860-1930 is
examined, comparing those who were and were not breast-fed in a total
of about 6,900 live born infants. The mortality of children not
breast-fed was nearly three times that of those who were breast-fed.
In a Cox regression analysis the infant's year of birth and the
mother's marital status were found to influence mortality in addition
to lactation....The duration of lactation was found to have a
continuing protective effect on infant survival after weaning--the
longer the duration, the lower the mortality after cessation of
Correspondence: M. Rosenberg, Department of
Informatics, University of Oslo, POB 1072, Blindern, 0316 Oslo 3,
Norway. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30160 Simic,
Snezana; Marinkovic, Jelena; Kunitz, Stephen J.
Identification of factors influential in decreasing the infant
mortality rate in Yugoslavia. [Identifikovanje faktora koji uticu
na smanjivanje smrtnosti odojcadi u Jugoslaviji.] Acta Medica
Iugoslavica, Vol. 42, No. 1, 1988. 19-30 pp. Zagreb, Yugoslavia. In
Scr. with sum. in Eng.
Factors associated with the recent decline
in infant mortality in Yugoslavia are analyzed using log-linear
regression models. The authors conclude that this decline was probably
due to a general improvement in economic and social conditions
associated with development rather than to specific improvements in
medical care.
Correspondence: S. Simic, Institute of Social
Medicine, University of Belgrade School of Medicine, 11001 Belgrade 6,
Studentski trg 1, Yugoslavia. Location: U.S. National Library
of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
55:30161 Tawiah, E.
O. Child mortality differentials in Ghana: a preliminary
report. Journal of Biosocial Science, Vol. 21, No. 3, Jul 1989.
349-55 pp. Cambridge, England. In Eng.
"The relationship is
examined of child mortality in Ghana with six socioeconomic factors:
mother's type of place of residence, education, occupation and work
status, and current husband's education and occupation. Using data
from the 1979-80 Ghana Fertility Survey, Trussell's marriage duration
model was employed to estimate probabilities of dying at exact ages 2
and 5 in different population subgroups. The two education variables
(mother's and husband's education) have the largest effect on child
mortality, followed by husband's occupation and mother's occupation, in
that order."
Correspondence: E. O. Tawiah, Department of
Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30162 Traore,
Baba; Traore, Mamadou; Campbell, Oona. A study on the
effects of breast-feeding on diarrheal morbidity, nutritional status,
and infant mortality in Mali. [Etude des effets de l'allaitement
sur la morbidite diarrheique, l'etat nutritionnel et la mortalite des
enfants au Mali.] Working Paper du CERPOD, No. 2, May 1989. 42 pp.
Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Population pour le
Developpement [CERPOD]: Bamako, Mali. In Fre.
The authors first
analyze breast-feeding practices in Mali. The effect of various
factors on diarrheal disease is also considered, including residence,
educational status, water supply, and sanitation. The relationships
among these factors and breast-feeding, nutritional status, and
mortality are then examined. Data are from the Demographic and Health
Survey, a survey of some 3,200 women conducted as one in a series of
surveys carried out in cooperation with the Westinghouse Institute for
Resource Development.
Correspondence: CERPOD/INSAH, B.P.
1530, Bamako, Mali. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30163 Utomo,
Budi; Iskandar, Meiwita B. Socio-economic differentials in
infant and child mortality in Indonesia in the 1970s: trends, causes,
and implications. In: Differential mortality: methodological
issues and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch,
and Penny Kane. 1989. 145-55 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
author examines socioeconomic differentials in infant and child
mortality in Indonesia in the 1970s using data from the 1971 and 1980
censuses. Infant and child mortality rates are analyzed by per capita
income, urban or rural residence, and maternal educational status.
Principal causes of death are presented. Improvements in education and
public health services and access to clean water and sanitation
facilities are the main factors identified for decreasing infant and
child mortality.
Correspondence: B. Utomo, Department of
Population and Biostatistics, University of Indonesia, J1. Salemba Raya
4, Jakarta, Indonesia. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30164 Weiss,
Philip. The geography of child survival in the
frontline. Geography, Vol. 74, Pt. 2, No. 323, Apr 1989. 151-5 pp.
Sheffield, England. In Eng.
The author critically examines trends
in child mortality in the Frontline states of Africa, that is, those
countries in close proximity to the war in Southern Africa. He reports
on an international symposium on child survival and development, held
in Harare, Zimbabwe, in March 1988.
Correspondence: P.
Weiss, Mount Pleasant School, Harare, Zimbabwe. Location:
Princeton University Library (PR).
55:30165 Hanson,
Bertil S.; Isacsson, Sven-Olof; Janzon, Lars; Lindell,
Sven-Eric. Social network and social support influence
mortality in elderly men: the prospective population study of "men
born in 1914," Malmo, Sweden. American Journal of Epidemiology,
Vol. 130, No. 1, Jul 1989. 100-11 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an
association of all-cause mortality with different aspects of social
network, social support, and social influence. The study sample
(n=621) was a random half of all male residents of Malmo, Sweden, born
in in 1914, of whom 500 (80.5%) were interviewed and examined in
1982-1983....During the follow-up period from September 1982 to
November 1987, 67 (13.4%) of the 500 participants died. In univariate
analysis, a higher mortality risk was found among men with low
availability of emotional support and low adequacy of social
participation and among men living alone....These relative mortality
risks changed little after adjustments for social class, health status
at baseline, cardiovascular risk factors, alcohol intake, physical
activity, and body mass index in the multivariate
Correspondence: B. S. Hanson, Department of
Community Health Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
55:30166 Myers,
George C. Mortality and health dynamics at older
ages. In: Differential mortality: methodological issues and
biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and Penny
Kane. 1989. 189-214 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
Mortality trends among the aged in 19 developed countries are
examined, with an emphasis on health dynamics. Using data from the
World Health Organization, the author discusses death at older ages,
comparisons in life expectancies, age-specific death rates, mortality
ratios by sex, causes of death, and trends in death rates and
Correspondence: G. C. Myers, Center for
Demographic Studies, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30167 Pison,
Gilles; Langaney, Andre. Age patterns of mortality in
Eastern Senegal: a comparison of micro and survey approaches. In:
Micro-approaches to demographic research, edited by John C. Caldwell,
Allan G. Hill, and Valerie J. Hull. 1988. 297-317 pp. Kegan Paul
International: New York, New York/London, England. In Eng.
authors compare the roles of micro-approach and traditional large-scale
quantitative surveys in demographic analysis. "The primary aim of
small scale surveys is often a detailed study of behaviour patterns;
but the quality of the data collected may also mean improved population
estimates, particularly in developing countries. A small scale
population survey conducted in the Bandafassi area of Eastern Senegal
will be used here to illustrate this secondary role. A presentation of
the Bandafassi study is followed by a description of several new data
collection techniques which were used on this occasion and which are
specific to small scale surveys. Then the age-specific mortality
estimates obtained in Bandafassi with these new techniques are compared
with those obtained through traditional survey methods, and the
improvements discussed."
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30168 Polach,
Jiri. Regional differences in lost years of potential life
of males and females of working age in Czechoslovakia during the period
1980-1983. [Regionalni rozdily ztracenych let potencialniho zivota
v CSSR v obdobi 1980-1983 u muzu a zen produktivniho veku.] Demografie,
Vol. 31, No. 2, 1989. 117-27 pp. Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with
sum. in Eng; Rus.
Adult mortality for males and females of working
age in Czechoslovakia is analyzed for the period 1980-1983. The
analysis is presented in terms of years of potential life lost by
region and district.
Location: Princeton University Library
55:30169 Rogers,
Andrei; Rogers, Richard G.; Branch, Laurence G. A
multistate analysis of active life expectancy. Public Health
Reports, Vol. 104, No. 3, May-Jun 1989. 222-6 pp. Washington, D.C. In
A multistate analysis is used to estimate life expectancy for
the elderly aged 65-85 and to determine what portions of the expected
remaining lifetime will be lived as independent, dependent, or
institutionalized. Data are from Massachusetts for 1974 and 1976.
"Although public health officials are concerned about the number of
elderly who cease being independent, preliminary analysis shows that
significant number of the dependent elderly regain their independence,
a situation which needs to be addressed in health care
Correspondence: A. Rogers, Institute of
Behavioral Science, Campus Box 484, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
80309. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30170 Timaeus,
Ian; Graham, Wendy. Measuring adult mortality in
developing countries: a review and assessment of methods. CPS
Research Paper, No. 88-4, ISBN 0-902657-23-2. Dec 1988. v, 55 pp.
University of London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
Centre for Population Studies: London, England. In Eng.
"This paper
reviews experience of the measurement of adult mortality in developing
countries, assesses the performance of existing approaches and suggests
some possible routes to the development of improved methods. Rather
than discussing the use of mortality data in the allocation of
resources directed at reducing ill-health, we focus on issues that
arise in the measurement of the mortality of adults in countries with
unsophisticated statistical information systems....[The authors
conclude that] in countries where civil registration is seriously
inadequate, a dual strategy based on sample routine health reporting
systems and single-round surveys asking indirect questions may be more
Correspondence: Centre for Population
Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of
London, 99 Gower Street, London WC1E 6AZ, England. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30171 Gavrilov,
L. A.; Semenova, V. G.; Gavrilova, N. S. Methods of life
table analysis. [Metody analiza tablits smertnosti.] In: Metody
issledovaniya, edited by A. G. Vishnevskii. 1986. 96-110, 182 pp.
Mysl': Moscow, USSR. In Rus. with sum. in Eng.
Some recent
approaches to life table analysis are described, and new methods for
obtaining information from such tables are outlined. The authors find
that analyses of mortality differentials by sex based on traditional
indexes may lead to incorrect conclusions. They propose an alternative
method based on mortality correlation studies.
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30172 Japan.
Institute of Population Problems (Tokyo, Japan). The
41[st] abridged life tables (April 1, 1987-March 31, 1988).
Institute of Population Problems Research Series, No. 258, Mar 3, 1989.
25 pp. Tokyo, Japan. In Jpn. with sum. in Eng.
These abridged life
tables for Japan are based on official mortality statistics for the
period April 1, 1987, to March 31, 1988.
For a previous set of life
tables in this series, published in 1988, see 54:30156.
Correspondence: Institute of Population Problems, Ministry
of Health and Welfare, 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100,
Japan. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30173 Pollard,
John H. On the derivation of a full life table from
mortality data recorded in five-year age groups. Mathematical
Population Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1989. 1-14, 89 pp. New York, New
York/London, England. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"Mortality data are
often gathered using 5-year age groups rather than individual years of
life. Furthermore, it is common practice to use a large open-ended
interval (such as 85 and over) for mortality data at the older ages.
These limitations of the data pose problems for the actuary or
demographer who wishes to compile a full and accurate life table using
individual years of life. In this paper, we devise formulae which
handle these problems. We also devise methods for handling mortality
during the first year of life and for dealing with other technical
problems which arise in the compilation of the full life table from
grouped data." The methods are illustrated using Australian
Correspondence: J. H. Pollard, School of Economic and
Financial Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
Ramlau-Hansen, Henrik. Applications of life
history analysis in actuarial mathematics. Aug 1988. 47 pp.
University of Copenhagen, Laboratory of Actuarial Mathematics:
Copenhagen, Denmark. In Eng. with sum. in Dan.
This paper presents
summaries of nine papers concerning the applications of life history
analysis in actuarial mathematics. Most of the applications considered
involve Danish data. The emphasis is on
Correspondence: Laboratory of Actuarial
Mathematics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100
Copenhagen 0, Denmark. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30175 Blum,
Alain; Houdaille, Jacques; Lamouche, Marc. Evidence on
mortality differentials at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of
the nineteenth centuries. [Elements sur la mortalite
differentielle a la fin du XVIIIe et au debut du XIXe siecle.]
Population, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jan-Feb 1989. 29-53 pp. Paris, France. In
Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
Differential mortality rates by social
class and geographical origin are estimated using data from the fourth
arrondissement of Paris for the 1860s, which include information on age
at death of the parents of those married. "Two conclusions can clearly
be drawn. First, the social factor is much more significant in
explaining differences in mortality than the geographical. Secondly,
these differences do not appear to have been reduced by the rise in
life expectancy--they may even have increased. These estimates were
then compared with various other available data to construct an
overview of mortality differentials from the 17th century to the
Correspondence: A. Blum, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30176 Blum,
Alain; Houdaille, Jacques. Inequalities in mortality in
the past. [Les inegalites devant la mort dans le passe.] Cahiers
de Sociologie et de Demographie Medicales, Vol. 29, No. 1, Jan-Mar
1989. 5-20 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng.
This is a
historical analysis of trends in differential mortality, with emphasis
on the evidence for socioeconomic differentials. The authors present
results from a current INED research project that provide convincing
evidence of differences in mortality by social class in
nineteenth-century Paris. Comparisons are made of life expectancy at
age 40 by class, showing longer life expectancy for higher social
Correspondence: A. Blum, Institut National
d'Etudes Demographiques, 27 rue du Commandeur, 75675 Paris Cedex 14,
France. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30177 Carlson,
Elwood. Concentration of rising Hungarian mortality among
manual workers. Sociology and Social Research, Vol. 73, No. 4, Jul
1989. 194-203 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
This is a
reprint of an article previously published in the April issue of the
same journal, at which time the original tables were inadvertently
omitted. The study concerns the increase in mortality among male
manual workers in Hungary between 1960 and 1984 and its causes.
the original article, also published in 1989, see 55:20196.
Correspondence: E. Carlson, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, SC 29208. Location: Princeton University Library
Charbonneau, Hubert; There, Christine. Mortality
among economists and demographers during the ancien regime. [La
mortalite des economistes et des demographes de l'ancien regime.]
Population, Vol. 44, No. 1, Pub. Order No. 18. Jan-Feb 1989. 85-106 pp.
Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The general
characteristics of mortality among French economists and demographers
during the ancien regime are examined. With the exception of the
Revolutionary period, these professionals experienced a longer life
expectancy than the general population due to their social class,
occupational status, and life style.
Correspondence: H.
Charbonneau, Departement de Demographie, Universite de Montreal, CP
6128, Succursale A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Location: Princeton University Library (PI).
55:30179 Cottias,
Myriam. Mortality and the proportion of Creoles in
Martinique households during the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries. [Mortalite et creolisation sur les habitations
martiniquaises du XVIIIe au XIXe siecle.] Population, Vol. 44, No. 1,
Jan-Feb 1989. 55-84 pp. Paris, France. In Fre. with sum. in Eng; Spa.
The author examines mortality rates among slaves in households in
Martinique between 1766 and 1844 using data from a family plantation.
Results indicate that life expectancy varied considerably between
households and that high rates of mortality persisted among both
children and adults. However, mortality was lower among Creoles than
among purchased slaves.
Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30180 Fix, Alan
G. Semai Senoi mortality: two-census method.
American Journal of Human Biology, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1989. 471-7 pp. New
York, New York. In Eng.
"The mortality pattern of a subpopulation
of Semai Senoi of Malaysia is studied by using a two-census method.
The method yields abridged life tables for both sexes as well as an
estimate of the birth rate. The life tables show that Semai mortality
is reduced compared to estimates based on stable population methods for
the population prior to 1969. Increased health care availability seems
to account for this lower mortality."
Correspondence: A. G.
Fix, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside,
CA 92521. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30181 Ingram,
Deborah D.; Gillum, Richard F. The Mortality Surveillance
System and its applications to a study of ischemic heart disease
mortality. In: American Statistical Association, 1987 proceedings
of the Social Statistics Section. [1987]. 324-7 pp. American
Statistical Association: Alexandria, Virginia. In Eng.
"The purpose
of this paper is to familiarize health statisticians with the MSS
[Mortality Surveillance System]....In addition, the usefulness of the
MSS is demonstrated through an analysis of regional and urbanization
differences in ischemic heart disease mortality [in the United
States]....The mortality data base of the MSS is derived from the U.S.
micro-data death records from the National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS) for the years 1968-83."
Correspondence: D. D.
Ingram, National Center for Health Statistics, 3700 East-West Highway,
Hyattsville, MD 20782. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30182 Kane,
Penny. Famine in China 1959-61: demographic and social
implications. In: Differential mortality: methodological issues
and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and
Penny Kane. 1989. 231-53 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
author examines the history of famine in China and the demographic and
social implications of the government's response since 1949 to ensure a
minimal food supply. The 1959-1961 famine is discussed, with
consideration given to mortality, fertility, demographic mechanisms of
survival such as marriage patterns, and societal and governmental
Correspondence: P. Kane, Cardiff University
Population Centre, University College, POB 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, Wales.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30183 Kunst,
Anton E.; Looman, Caspar W. N.; Mackenbach, Johan P.
Medical care and regional mortality differences within the
countries of the European community. European Journal of
Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1988. 223-45
pp. Amsterdam, Netherlands. In Eng. with sum. in Fre.
"This paper
addresses the question whether regional mortality differences within
developed countries reflect differences in characteristics of medical
care service. It adds two new elements to previous studies on this
subject: it concentrates on selected 'avoidable' causes of death, and
it makes parallel analyses for ten [European Community] countries. The
results show that levels of medical care supply contribute little to
the explanation of regional differences in mortality from the selected
conditions. It is concluded that if regional mortality differences are
related to health care, factors other than the level of supply are
probably involved."
Correspondence: A. E. Kunst, Department
of Public Health and Social Medicine, Erasmus University, P.O. Box
1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30184 Mays,
Nicholas; Chinn, Susan. Relation between all cause
standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at
regional and district level in England. Journal of Epidemiology
and Community Health, Vol. 43, No. 2, Jun 1989. 191-9 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
The authors examine the relationship between
mortality rates for all causes and deprivation of health care services
due to socioeconomic status at regional and district levels in England.
Data are from the 1981 census. Findings indicate that "it is still not
clear how the deprivation variables available in the Census relate
empirically to the need for additional health service
Correspondence: N. Mays, Department of
Community Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St.
Thomas's Hospitals, St. Thomas's Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London
SE1 7EH, England. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30185 Miller,
Barbara D. Changing patterns of juvenile sex ratios in
rural India, 1961 to 1971. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 24,
No. 22, Jun 3, 1989. 1,229-36 pp. Bombay, India. In Eng.
paper seeks to contribute to the study of change in mortality
differentials between boys and girls over time by examining the
changing regional patterns in the juvenile sex ratio in rural India
using district-level data from the censuses of 1961 and 1971. The
author's purpose here is to describe the pattern of change and to
suggest the implications for social theory." The results indicate that
sex differentials in childhood mortality are increasing over time in
favor of boys and to the detriment of girls.
Princeton University Library (PF).
55:30186 Rogers,
Andrei; Gard, Kathy. The interstate geography of death: a
parameterized description. Population Program Working Paper, No.
WP-88-4, Jun 1988. 21 pp. University of Colorado, Institute of
Behavioral Science, Population Program: Boulder, Colorado. In Eng.
"This paper examines [U.S.] interstate mortality differentials in
1979-1981....[It] begins with a quick overview of the data set, which
reveals surprisingly wide variations across states in indices of
longevity such as life expectancies at birth. Age patterns of
mortality are then studied with the aid of a mathematical
representation of probabilities of dying at each age called the
Heligman-Pollard model mortality schedule. This model schedule is
fitted to data for all 50 U.S. States and the District of Columbia, and
a comparison is then made of the parameters associated with each
Correspondence: Population Program, Institute of
Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30187 Ruzicka,
Lado; Wunsch, Guillaume; Kane, Penny. Differential
mortality: methodological issues and biosocial factors.
International Studies in Demography, ISBN 0-19-828651-1. LC 88-31297.
1989. [ix], 259 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New York/Oxford,
England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This volume is a
compilation of papers by various authors concerning biological and
socioeconomic factors that are associated with continuing inequalities
in mortality, especially infant and child mortality, in developing
countries. "Certain of the papers deal with new conceptual approaches
and with methodological issues related to the study of differential
mortality: other sections address health and mortality problems in
particular countries or selected groups of countries in Asia and Latin
America. A separate section covers the demographic and health impacts
of famine and other disasters. The contribution of fertility decline
to mortality change, and the emerging health problems resulting from
the aging of the population, are also examined."
The papers were
originally prepared for a joint seminar of the International Union for
the Scientific Study of Population and the Japanese National Institute
for Research Advancement, held in Tokyo, Japan, November 24-27,
Selected items will be cited in this or subsequent issues of
Population Index.
Correspondence: Oxford University Press,
Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, England. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30188 Ruzicka,
Lado. Problems and issues in the study of mortality
differentials. In: Differential mortality: methodological issues
and biosocial factors, edited by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, and
Penny Kane. 1989. 3-17 pp. Oxford University Press: New York, New
York/Oxford, England; Clarendon Press: Oxford, England. In Eng.
This is an introduction to a collection of papers on differential
mortality in developing countries. "The chapters in this book are
grouped into three sections. The first deals with methodological and
conceptual problems in the study of differential mortality; in the
second section, regional and country studies of mortality
differentials, or specific aspects of such differentials--such as
spacing of births, and health dynamics in old age--are presented. The
third section is devoted to the impact upon health and mortality of
crisis situations....The selection of discussions presented in this
book is an attempt to promote further investigations of determinants of
mortality differentials and to invite discussion about more effective
ways of doing so."
Correspondence: L. Ruzicka, Demography
Department, Australian Natural University, GPO 4, Canberra ACT 2601,
Australia. Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30189 Srb,
Vladimir; Vano, Boris. Mortality by family status,
1950-1980. [Umrtnost obyvatelstva podle rodinneho stavu
1950-1980.] Demografie, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1989. 37-41 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
The authors review
the mortality rates of the population of Czechoslovakia for the years
1950-1980 according to marital status and sex. Data are from official
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30190 Staessen,
J.; Bulpitt, C.; Clement, D.; De Leeuw, P.; Fagard, R.; Fletcher, A.;
Forette, F.; Leonetti, G.; Nissinen, A.; O'Malley, K.; Tuomilehto, J.;
Webster, J.; Williams, B. O. Relation between mortality
and treated blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension:
report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the
Elderly. British Medical Journal, Vol. 298, No. 6687, Jun 10,
1989. 1,552-6 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"The present paper is
based on the results of the trial conducted by the European Working
Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. The trial comprised
elderly patients with hypertension randomly allocated to placebo or
active treatment. We studied the mortality in the patients, who were
grouped in thirds of the distribution of treated blood pressure. In
addition, the presence of cardiovascular complications at
randomisation, the fall in diastolic pressure after randomisation, and
some variables of general health, such as haemoglobin concentration and
body weight, were examined as possible correlates of
Correspondence: J. Staessen, Klinisch
Laboratorium Hypertensie, Inwendige Geneeskunde-Cardiologie, University
Hospital Gasthuisbert, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
55:30191 Wingard,
Deborah L.; Cohn, Barbara A.; Kaplan, George A.; Cirillo, Piera M.;
Cohen, Richard D. Sex differentials in morbidity and
mortality risks examined by age and cause in the same cohort.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 130, No. 3, Sep 1989. 601-10 pp.
Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
A prospective study of sex ratios for
both morbidity and mortality due to a variety of causes for a single
cohort is presented. Data concern a random sample of 5,239 adults who
were over age 30 in 1965 and who have been followed through 1983 in a
California survey of physical, social, and health indicators. "For
both cancer incidence and mortality there was a female excess before
age 50 years, followed by a male excess peaking between ages 60 and 69
years. Sex ratios for ischemic heart disease mortality, on the other
hand, indicated a male excess at virtually all ages, and that these sex
ratios declined with age."
Correspondence: D. L. Wingard,
Department of Community and Family Medicine, M-007, University of
California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607. Location:
Princeton University Library (SZ).
55:30192 American
Cancer Society (Atlanta, Georgia). Cancer facts and
figures, 1989. 1989. 31 pp. Atlanta, Georgia. In Eng.
annual report presents estimated data for 1989 on cancer incidence and
mortality for the United States, including Puerto Rico, by state, sex,
and major cancer site.
Correspondence: American Cancer
Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. Location:
Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30193 American
Medical Association. Council on Scientific Affairs (Chicago,
Illinois). Firearms injuries and deaths: a critical
public health issue. Public Health Reports, Vol. 104, No. 2,
Mar-Apr 1989. 111-20 pp. Washington, D.C. In Eng.
Injuries and
deaths resulting from firearm use in the United States are discussed,
with a focus on promoting greater public safety through education and
legislation. "Gunshot wounds are the 12th leading cause of death in
the United States and more than half of all suicides are committed with
guns....Educational efforts have been attempted to promote the safer
use of firearms, but they have not led to a significant reduction in
the number of fatalities, since most firearm incidents are intended to
do harm."
Correspondence: William R. Hendee, Council on
Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association, 535 North Dearborn
Street, Chicago, IL 60610. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30194 Dzurova,
Dagmar. Typology of districts in the Czech Socialist
Republic by causes of death. [Typologie okresu CSR podle pricin
umrti.] Demografie, Vol. 31, No. 2, 1989. 128-36 pp. Prague,
Czechoslovakia. In Cze. with sum. in Eng; Rus.
This article builds
on a series of previously published analyses of regional mortality
differentials in Czechoslovakia and focuses on the structure of causes
of death. The data concern the period 1980-1984 and are presented
separately for males and females for the 75 districts of the Czech part
of the country.
Location: Princeton University Library
55:30195 Graham,
Wendy; Brass, William; Snow, Robert W. Estimating maternal
mortality: the sisterhood method. Studies in Family Planning,
Vol. 20, No. 3, May-Jun 1989. 125-35 pp. New York, New York. In Eng.
"This paper describes a new indirect technique for deriving
population-based estimates of maternal mortality. The technique,
called the 'sisterhood method,' is relevant to developing countries
where the alternative data sources and approaches to estimation are
often inadequate and inappropriate. The sisterhood method uses the
proportions of adult sisters dying during pregnancy, childbirth, or the
puerperium reported by adults during a census or survey, to derive a
variety of indicators of maternal mortality. The first field trial of
the method was carried out in the North Bank Division of The Gambia,
West Africa, in 1987. The results indicate a lifetime risk of maternal
mortality of 0.0584, or 1 in 17, approximating a maternal mortality
ratio of 1,005 per 100,000 live births, which is consistent with
previous estimates for this region."
Correspondence: W.
Graham, Maternal and Child Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London EC1 7HT, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30196 Haberman,
Paul W.; Natarajan, Geetha. Premature mortality and
chronic alcoholism: medical examiner cases, New Jersey. Social
Science and Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 6, 1989. 729-32 pp. Elmsford, New
York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
"To obtain estimates of premature
mortality from nonviolent causes associated with chronic alcoholism,
median ages at death were calculated for 994 Essex County, New Jersey
Medical Examiner cases aged 25 or older classified as (1) 'nonabusers'
or (2) alcoholics whose underlying cause of death was natural disease
and (3) those who died of chronic alcoholism....Differences
in...life-shortening effects according to sex, race, and natural
disease versus chronic alcoholism as underlying and/or contributing
cause(s) of death are analyzed."
Correspondence: P. W.
Haberman, N. J. Department of Health, Division of Alcoholism, DN 362,
Trenton, NJ 08625. Location: Princeton University Library
55:30197 Haybittle,
J. L.; Brinkley, D.; Houghton, J.; A'Hern, R. P.; Baum, M.
Postoperative radiotherapy and late mortality: evidence from the
Cancer Research Campaign trial for early breast cancer. British
Medical Journal, Vol. 298, No. 6688, Jun 17, 1989. 1,611-4 pp. London,
England. In Eng.
The authors attempt to identify any excess
mortality caused by adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer in the
early stages. Data are from a study of 2,800 women who received a
mastectomy in the United Kingdom between June 1970 and April 1975. The
patients were followed until June 1988. 1,376 of the women had both a
simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, while 1,424 underwent
a mastectomy without additional treatment. The authors find that
"adjuvant radiotherapy after simple mastectomy for early breast cancer
produces a small excess late mortality from other cancers and cardiac
Correspondence: J. Houghton, Cancer Research
Campaign Clinical Trials Centre, Rayne Institute, London SE5 9NU,
England. Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).
55:30198 Italy.
Istituto Centrale di Statistica [ISTAT] (Rome, Italy); Italy. Istituto
Superiore di Sanita (Rome, Italy). Mortality by cause and
local health district, 1980-1982. [Mortalita per causa e unita
sanitaria locale, 1980-1982.] [1988]. xiv, 750 pp. Rome, Italy. In Ita.
Data on causes of death in Italy for the period 1980-1982 are
presented by sex and local health district.
ISTAT, Via Cesare Balbo 16, Rome, Italy. Location: Princeton
University Library (SPR).
55:30199 Kearney,
Robert N.; Miller, Barbara D. Suicide and internal
migration in Sri Lanka. Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol.
23, No. 3-4, 1988. 287-304 pp. Leiden, Netherlands. In Eng.
paper examines the rise of suicide rates in Sri Lanka in recent decades
and suggests that much of the increase is attributable to the
disruptions caused by increased levels of internal migration.
Attention is paid to suicide rates by district, sex, and age group. It
is shown that, while internal migration cannot explain completely the
universal rise in suicide in Sri Lanka, there is a strong association
between suicide and internal migration particularly in the Dry Zone
districts where migrants comprise more than half the population in most
adult-age groups."
Correspondence: B. D. Miller, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Location: Princeton University
Library (SPR).
55:30200 Lester,
David. Specific agents of accidental and suicidal death:
comparisons by state, 1970. Sociology and Social Research, Vol.
73, No. 34, Jul 1989. 182-4 pp. Los Angeles, California. In Eng.
"Accidental death rates from firearms were positively associated
with suicidal death rates from firearms over the United States, and the
same was true for deaths from poisoning by solids and liquids and by
gases. This positive association was seen as supporting an hypothesis
that accidental death rates from a particular method may be a good
index of the availability of that method for
Location: Princeton University Library (PR).
55:30201 Matthews,
Karen A.; Kelsey, Sheryl F.; Meilahn, Elaine N.; Kuller, Lewis H.;
Wing, Rena R. Educational attainment and behavioral and
biologic risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged
women. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 129, No. 6, Jun
1989. 1,132-44 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
investigations have shown that low socioeconomic status is related to
ischemic coronary heart disease mortality in men and women as well as
to major risk factors for coronary heart disease, predominantly in men.
The present study investigated the associations between educational
attainment and biologic and behavioral risk factors for coronary heart
disease in a community sample of 2,138 middle-aged women residing in
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania....between 1983 and 1985....[The]
results suggest many biologic and behavioral factors by which women
with little education are at elevated risk for coronary heart
Correspondence: K. A. Matthews, Department of
Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
55:30202 Messner,
Steven F. Economic discrimination and societal homicide
rates: further evidence on the cost of inequality. American
Sociological Review, Vol. 54, No. 4, Aug 1989. 597-611 pp. Washington,
D.C. In Eng.
"This research examines the effects of economic
discrimination against social groups on national rates of homicide....I
hypothesize that nations with intense and pervasive discrimination will
exhibit comparatively high levels of homicide, and that the effects of
discrimination will exceed those of income inequality. Regression
analyses using both INTERPOL and World Health Organization homicide
data support both hypotheses. Indicators of economic discrimination
against social groups are significantly and positively related to
homicide rates despite fairly extensive controls for other
theoretically relevant national characteristics....These results
suggest that the structuring of economic inequality on the basis of
ascribed characteristics is a particularly important source of lethal
violence in contemporary societies."
Correspondence: S. F.
Messner, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30203 Mirkov,
Kiril; Vasilev, Dimitar; Rachev, Elian; Dikov, Ivan; Georgieva,
Valeriya. Maternal mortality throughout the world and in
Bulgaria. [Maichinata smartnost v sveta i v Balgariya.] Naselenie,
Vol. 6, No. 3, 1988. 52-70 pp. Sofia, Bulgaria. In Bul. with sum. in
Eng; Rus.
The authors analyze the structure of maternal mortality
in Bulgaria and in selected other countries. Factors considered
include parity, age, attitude toward pregnancy, socioeconomic
conditions, and availability of maternal health services. Risk factors
and differentials in rates among countries are
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30204 Morgan,
Myfanwy; Heller, R. F.; Swerdlow, A. Changes in diet and
coronary heart disease mortality among social classes in Great
Britain. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 43,
No. 2, Jun 1989. 162-7 pp. London, England. In Eng.
"Coronary heart
disease (CHD) mortality has declined in Britain since the early 1970s
and followed a reduction in dietary fat intake in the population. We
attempted to determine whether there have been changes in dietary fat
[lipids and cholesterol] intakes by social classes and to see whether
they correspond to social class changes in CHD mortality, where the
greatest reduction has been in the upper social class groups. Dietary
fat intake was specially obtained by social class on a household basis
from the National Food Survey (NFS) for 1974 and 1981....This study
shows that recent social class trends in dietary fat intakes are
unlikely to account for the differential changes in CHD mortality.
Changes in the prevalence of smoking among social classes are more
consistent with the change in CHD
Correspondence: M. Morgan, Department of
Community Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas's
Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30205 Pekkanen,
Juha; Nissinen, Aulikki; Puska, Pekka; Punsar, Sven; Karvonen, Martti
J. Risk factors and 25 year risk of coronary heart disease
in a male population with a high incidence of the disease: the Finnish
cohorts of the seven countries study. British Medical Journal,
Vol. 299, No. 6691, Jul 8, 1989. 81-5 pp. London, England. In Eng.
The efficacy of high levels of cholesterol, raised blood pressure,
and smoking as predictors of mortality from coronary heart disease in
Finland is examined using data from a prospective cohort study of 1,520
men followed over 25 years. 825 deaths occurred during this time
period, of which 335 were due to coronary heart disease. The results
confirm that "high risk factor levels...in middle aged men may greatly
increase the absolute probability of death from coronary heart disease
when the period of study is relevant to the human life
Correspondence: J. Pekkanen, Department of
Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166,
SF-00300, Helsinki, Finland. Location: Princeton University
Library (SZ).
55:30206 Schofield,
Roger. Did the mothers really die? Three centuries of
maternal mortality in "The World We Have Lost" In: The world we
have gained: histories of population and social structure, edited by
Lloyd Bonfield, Richard M. Smith, and Keith Wrightson. 1986. 231-60 pp.
Basil Blackwell: New York, New York/Oxford, England. In Eng.
attempt is made to estimate the extent of maternal mortality in England
and Wales in the period before 1847, when such data began to be
collected nationally by the Registrar General's office. The data are
from the limited parish register sources available, supplemented by
comparative data from Swedish sources. The author concludes that
although the risk of dying in childbirth was higher than today, the
risk was no greater than the risks women ran of dying from infectious
diseases or a variety of other causes.
Correspondence: R.
Schofield, Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social
Structure, 27 Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1QA, England.
Location: Princeton University Library (SPR).
55:30207 Vollmer,
William M.; McCamant, Lynn E.; Johnson, Larry R.; Buist, Sonia
A. Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and mortality in a
screening center cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol.
129, No. 6, Jun 1989. 1,157-69 pp. Baltimore, Maryland. In Eng.
"Numerous studies have documented the effects of smoking and
reduced pulmonary function on all-cause mortality. The effects of
respiratory symptoms are less well studied. This paper examines the
joint effects of respiratory symptoms, lung function, and smoking using
11-year mortality data on 698 [U.S.] subjects aged 25 years and
older....Symptoms...were significantly associated with all-cause
mortality in separate univariate analyses. On a cause-specific basis,
these associations appeared to hold for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, lung cancer, and vascular
Correspondence: W. M. Vollmer, Center for Health
Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northwest Region, Portland, OR.
Location: Princeton University Library (SZ).


text:
I've a question about the FN2 ECU, there is nothing for our R18A2 so can I put a Euro FN2 ECU on my car ( R18A2 ) with a Flashpro and R18 Map ?
I just need to know if a FN2 ECU fit on R18A2 if I connect him with a flashpro -> R18 MAP ?
Thanks you very much !
Michael ;)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
New foster parents and relative caregivers in Oregon are required to take Foundations training to become certified.
Current foster parents and relative caregivers must complete continuing education training to fulfill licensing/certification requirements.
Are you sure you would like to leave?
You are currently running an old version of IE, please upgrade for better performance.