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Salmonella : environment signaling and genetic regulation of a Type III secretion system in an effort to cause infection
Salmonella is a continuing problem throughout the world, contributing to millions of infections every year. These infections are initiated when the bacteria are ingested and then penetrate the M cells of ileal Peyer's patches found within the small intestine. Proteins encoded by a cluster of genes on the chromosome known as Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) play an integral role in the invasion process by injecting effector proteins via a type III secretion system directly into the host cells thereby forcing the uptake of the bacteria into the host cell . Salmonella invasion is tightly controlled by the bacterium and the genes necessary for invasion are activated by specific environmental signals such as low oxygen concentration and high osmolarity, condition that are believed to exist within the small intestine. The hilA gene found within SPI-1 is a transcriptional activator of the genes required for Salmonella invasion. When conditions are optimal for bacterial invasion, hilA is activated, which in turn leads to the expression of the genes necessary to build the type III secretion needle structure and the effector g enes. These effectors are then secreted through this apparatus into the targeted host cells thereby forcing the uptake of Salmonella
In an effort to understand how the different environmental signals regulate hilA expression, a new repressor of hilA, named hilE was identified. This gene is regulated by specific environmental signals and has been shown to repress hilA expression when conditions are not optimal for invasion. During the characterization of hilE, I was able to map hilE to the Salmonella genome. The region in which hilE was identified exhibits many of the hallmark characteristics that define pathogenicity islands including the clustering of Salmonella specific genes, a dramatic change in the %GC in the region, and the association of specific mobilizable elements. Salmonella virulence is dependent on the expression of these pathogenicity islands. Future work is being aimed at identifying these other Salmonella specific genes within what we are calling Salmonella pathogenicity island 6, and assessing what impact they have on Salmonella virulence.
Additional work involves collaborative efforts with the Bill Picking lab at the University of Kansas in which we are creating specific mutation in Salmonella and Shigella in effort to understand how the overall Type III secretion system functions. We are also working with the Brad Jones lab at the University of Iowa where we are screening Salmonella with a plasmid library of cyclic polypeptides. We are trying to identify protein products that repress the expression of the Salmonella regulatory genes and thereby inhibit the ability of the bacteria to cause infection. Th e long-term goal is to try to identify alternative substances that could be used for protection and/or treatment of Salmonella infections.
Olfaction is an ancient sensory system used to detect odorant molecules in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Regardless of the environmental surroundings, olfactory receptors largely work in a similar manner, by interacting with odors that cause specific responses in olfactory sensory neurons. My lab examines how odors can be spatially and temporally dispersed in an environment, yet these odorants provide useful information when interacting with receptors to ultimately cause useful behavioral responses, such as finding food. Lastly, my lab also investigates how the olfactory system functions when environmental pollutants damage the receptor cells. Much of this research is being accomplished using crayfish. My lab studies their sensory systems in the context of aggressive interactions (fights), orientation strategies when finding food or mates, neuronal function, pollution effects on sensory receptors and development, and the roles of various crayfish species on west Michigan waterways.
Transcriptional regulation in the immune response
I am interested in understanding how the transcription factor, BATF, regulates gene expression in cells of the immune system. Although transcription factors are often thought of as proteins that turn on gene expression, BATF is a transcription factor that acts as a negative regulator. That is to say, BATF functions to suppress, or turn off, the expression of certain genes. However, we are still trying to understand the importance of this transcription factor in the functioning of the immune system. For example, when is BATF used and what genes does it regulate?
Recent evidence indicates that BATF may be involved in the inflammatory response in some way. The inflammation that follows injury can lead to resolution and healing or it can continue as a chronic inflammatory condition. We think that BATF may help determine which pathway is taken. We are working on a project in the lab that uses macrophages as a model for understanding when BATF is expressed and what genes it regulates. Macrophages are cells that are part of our natural defense system against foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses. They are also intimately involved in the inflammatory response. We hope to show that BATF regulates genes in the macrophage that determine the choice between acute and chronic inflammation. This is important because although macrophages are a critical part of our defense against pathogens, they can also be detrimental in cases of asthma, allergy, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases because they "overreact" and cause more harm than good. By understanding the inherent controls (such as BATF) that govern the actions of these cells, new treatments may come to light for controlling aberrant responses.
General Research Interests
Identification of processes necessary for regulation of genes that are involved in signaling between photoreceptor cells and neurons in the visual system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, using a forward genetic approach. One gene known to disrupt signaling between these cells encodes the enzyme that synthesizes histamine, Histidine de carboxylase. We are currently examining the role of the Hdc gene in establishing when and where the neurotransmitter substance, histamine, is synthesized.
Current Research Projects include:
1) Analysis of developmental and tissue-specific regulatory regions of the Hdc gene. We are currently examining transgenic flies that contain a gene fusion between the upstream portion of Hdc (pHdc) and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). We are studying whether the expression of pHdc-driven eGFP expression is identical to normal Hdc expression, through double immune labeling experiments for both histamine and eGFP. We are comparing the number of cells that contain eGFP to the number of cells that contain histamine, using fluorescence microscopy. It has been shown that histamine presence in cells is dependent on Hdc expression. We have recently determined that the upstream promoter region for the Hdc gene does induce eGFP expression in a number of cells, but not in all histaminergic cells. Work investigating which cells, throughout development are being marked with eGFP, is still ongoing. A second part of this effort is also nearing completion: that of constructing another Hdc-eGFP gene fusion, which contains the 3' UTR region of the Hdc gene placed adjacent to eGFP. Once completed, we may need to generate additional fusions between other control regions suspected to control Hdc expression, such as specific intronic regions surrounding the coding exons of the gene. The eGFP trasngenes generated can also be used to identify histamine-containing cells in vivo (either in the organism or in dissociated cell culture).
2) Examination of HDC protein maturation in vivo. The genomic region encoding the HDC protein has recently been engineered, being labeled with the epitope labels 6X-HIS and FLAG peptides, to study the biochemical regulation of the HDC protein. It has been proposed that the HDC protein undergoes several steps of protein processing prior to being active. Our intent is to identify the process of HDC maturation in vivo and locate where in the cell this occurs using these very specific and unique labels. This project will utilize established transgenic approaches to generate suitable genotypes for study, and likely will extend to the previously mentioned projects. We are planning to inject these newly constructed genes and then assay for their function shortly.
We are examining a molecule called GAP-43 which is a brain protein that is expressed in a wide variety of species including humans and has been shown to become biochemically altered in the process of learning and memory. Specifically, levels of phosphorylated forms of GAP-43 have been shown to increase following a controversial paradigm of learning and memory in several animals including rat, mouse and rabbit. We are interested to see if any differences in the profile of GAP-43 are associated with dementing illnesses that severely disrupt memory and learning. Since human brain tissue is difficult to obtain, we utilize brain tissue from a genetically altered mouse engineered to resemble Alzheimer's disease, a human neurodegenerative disorder characterized by profound cognitive impairment. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that the profile of phosphorylated isoforms of GAP-43 are changed in the brains of a mouse used to model Alzheimer's disease, GAP-43 will be examined by 1 and 2 dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoforms of mouse brain GAP-43 will be detected by immunocytochemistry and silver staining and, further, quantified by computerized densitometry. Alterations in quantities of phosphorylated forms of GAP-43 might result from a pathological biochemical processes. Revealing molecular defects generates potential targets for the development of possibly more effective drugs to combat dementia.
In the broadest sense, my research interests deal with the molecular ecology of infectious disease: identifying the microparasites (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) responsible for infectious diseases, determining their biological (phylogenetic) relationships, routes of transmission-and those of the genes responsible for their virulence, tissue tropism, vaccine-relevant antigens, and drug resistance. This enterprise usually employs a variety of techniques in molecular biology, bioinformatics, molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Past projects have looked at the spread of drug resistance in nematodes, adaptive constraint in vector-borne vs. non vector-borne parasites, adaptive selection in viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, intragenic recombination in rotavirus, and the spatial and temporal dynamics of bat rabies in Michigan. I'm currently working on a project exploring the prevalence and population structure of raccoon roundworm in West Michigan.
I am interested in the interaction between virus and host and the dance that ensues. Viruses have shaped all of us over time, whether in our genetic heritage or our current immune status. Our lab has looked at the endogenous retroviruses of sheep and goats and collaborated with labs asking questions on how animals might choose mates based on characteristics that serve as tells of their immune health. Recently we have shifted into bacteriophage as our system. Bacteriophage are of great interest these days as potential therapeutic agents, means of genetic manipulation, manipulators of the microbiome, players in ecological niches, and interactions with their host cells and organisms. Currently we are looking at questions of how they may affect the social interaction of bacteria, and isolating new phages from the environment.
In my lab we investigate the mechanisms involved in the nonenzymatic biological oxidation/reduction (Redox) reactions that are closely involved in physiologic and pathophysiological mechanisms. The working hypothesis is that the formation of an organic redox complex is necessary for electron transfer to take place. My investigations center on elucidating and understanding the mechanisms involved. To accomplish this, my students and I will be implementing biological, biochemical, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques to characterize and describe the mechanisms of organic redox complex formation and the resulting transfer of electrons.
I am actively involved in both laboratory and field research. My current lab-based projects include assessing various aspects of hominin (e.g. humans, two species of chimpanzee, their ancestors, and the extinct lineages of their common ancestor) evolutionary anatomy through dissection and non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Currently, I have been examining the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle in the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes), as various interpretations of this attachment have been reported throughout the anatomical literature. Clarity of this issue is fundamental for not only understanding the evolutionary structural and functional pathway(s) of the muscle, but also for producing a better understanding the evolution of the hominin shoulder.
Another research area that I have focused on is assessing spatio-temporal variation of stress and developmental stability among extant and extinct mammalian taxa through fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The aim of this research area is to continue exploring the utility and advancement of FA to a variety of modern and prehistoric mammalian species. Deviations from symmetry in bilateral characters have achieved some prominence as measures of developmental (in)stability, revealing greater levels of asymmetry under adverse settings and mirrored target phenotypes under optimal extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic (genetic) conditions. Increased FA has been associated with dietary, thermal, audiogenic and chemical stresses, but has been reported to decrease when genetic heterozygosity is elevated. Identifying the distribution and expression of FA among (paleo)species that have an extensive and well documented biological history (i.e. through time and space) provides a context for understanding how evolutionary processes and events potentially impact development.
My current paleobiological field research is situated within the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, North-West Province, South Africa, at the fossil-bearing site of Luleche and in the adjoining Provence of Gauteng, at the fossil site of Hoogland. Notable excavations within the Cradle of Humankind and several in eastern Africa have produced rich samples of Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil mammals (including hominins), which have been a major source for interpreting our past. Such excavation and analysis of fossil assemblages from prolific sites has led to a wealthy and detailed understanding of a broader African paleolandscape. As important as these excavations are, the exploration of novel deposits, like Luleche and Hoogland, can only increase our understanding of the variability and richness of African (paleo)species, paleoecosystems, depositional processes, and evolutionary factors that existed in the past.
Medicine and Science in the Bible and in other Religious Texts
My primary research consists of exploring medical and scientific concepts in the primary sacred texts of the major world religions. The goal is to determine the role of medical knowledge in the formulation of laws and customs of traditional believers. For example, most people in the USA are familiar with the dietary restrictions mentioned in the Biblical books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy as well as in the Qur'an. My students and I have been looking at English translations of works in Christianity, Judaism, Islam and the Eastern religions to find and interpret these references. I am anxious to talk with students who have an interest in reading texts and in the history of medical thought as well as the relationship between science and religion.
I am also interested in compiling a history of the Biomedical Sciences Department and its variously named antecedents dating back to 1972 when the "School of Health Sciences" became the first unit at Grand Valley to have its focus on human biology and disease and wellness. I am interested in working with students who would enjoy searching the archives for material about their major academic unit and maybe uncovering an occasional skeleton in the closet.
Please contact me for more information at firstname.lastname@example.com or try to hunt me up in 102 LOH.
The role of calcium in endothelial cell induced mesenchymal cell differentiation
We showed previously that gap junction communication between mesenchmyal (MC) and endothelial cell (EC) is necessary for EC-induced MC differentiation, a process requiring activated TGF- . The current study investigated whether elevation of intracellular calcium (ionomycin 0.5 µM vs. vehicle control) is sufficient to stimulate differentiation (monitored as expression of smooth muscle -actin) of gap junction deficient MC in co-culture with EC or not. Ionomycin increased calcium in the MCs (~ 10 fold within minutes and ~ 4 fold at 1 hr) but resulted in no changes in -actin expression. In contrast, when ionomycin was added to EC/MC co-cultures, -actin expression by the MC was enhanced. Conditioned medium from ionomycin treated co-cultures also induced MC differentiation without increasing MC calcium, suggesting elevation of calcium in the EC induces formation of a soluble factor(s) responsible for inducing differentiation. Importantly, -actin expression was also elevated in MCs treated with medium conditioned by ECs alone. While the identity of the soluble factor (TGF- ?) awaits confirmation as does the mechanism whereby calcium causes its formation, these data argue that elevation of calcium in ECs stimulates the formation of a soluble factor(s) that acts in a paracrine manner to stimulate MC differentiation.
The main emphasis in my lab has been to isolate the cells that die during glaucoma in the eye, and then test drugs that may protect them. Previous work has examined the potential neuroprotective effect of drugs that selectively activate a specific type of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (the alpha7 nAChR), on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from the pig eye. Recently, we have followed that project with the examination of a selective modulator of alpha7 nAChRs. Other projects include the recording of physiological responses (ERGs) from the eye with/without drugs. Also we will be measuring the release of ACh from the eye & investigating which drugs increase the release of ACh to activate the alpha7 nAChR. Supporting projects include eye-cup studies which extend the neuroprotective studies on isolated cells in culture to the eye itself. Eventually, these results my lead to experiments in whole animals (e.g. rats). Another project in development has explored the possibility that drugs originally developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be used for glaucoma. These AD drugs were originally designed to promote the maximal amount of ACh release in the brain.
I have just completed a study exploring the association of maternal restrictive feeding practices on the restrictive feeding practices of boys and girls and if this is modified by ethnic identity. Future research goals in this area are to conduct a pilot test to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of a feeding and physical activity intervention in mothers and their 8-12-year old daughters.
I am presently conducting a study with Dr. Beaudoin in Movement Science on middle class African American women with the goal of determining their diet quality, physical activity and the balance between these two variables.
The primary goal of our laboratory is to characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis and how disturbances in these regulatory mechanisms contribute to obesity. My lab is currently involved with the following project to address these long term goals.
Profiling Changes in Gene Expression in Response to Exercise & Aging
Obesity is a significant health concern as it is a major risk factor associated with increased morbidity and mortality from several chronic diseases including: cardiovascular disease, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, some types of cancer, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, and hypertension. Despite the perception that the American public is increasingly concerned about consuming a healthful diet, the percentage of overweight individuals in the US continues to increase. Currently, 66% of adults over 20 years of age in the U.S. are considered overweight or obese. Current treatments for obesity are only moderately successful. Macroarrays and real time PCR are being utilized to profile changes in gene expression that occur in response to endurance training and aging in rats. Endurance training has been shown to result in consistent, but modest reductions in total fat mass, even when total body weight is not reduced. Aging, on the other hand, is consistently associated with an increase in fat mass. Developing a better understanding of the cellular adaptations that occur in adipose tissue in response to training as well as aging will allow a better definition of training protocols to maximize fat loss and may lead to the development of novel pharmacological treatments that maximize lipid oxidation and fat loss during physical activity or calorie restriction, and/or attenuate age associated increases in obesity.
Develop research with breadfruit not only as an alternative but also as a "functional food" product for the public. Other research interests include testing the reliability and validity of feeding tools for infants and adults and currently investigating DHA consumption in women of Hispanic origin.
My research interests center around a functional, real-time measure of neurotransmission. Neurons send and receive information through chemical means, transducing electrical signals into chemical signals. These transmissions occur on a very fast time-scale, in the millisecond time frame.
One of the best methods for monitoring neurotransmission in real time is called Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV). Fast-scan because it is happening fast: every 100 ms; cyclic because it happens repeatedly; and voltammetry because it deals with voltage changes. In brief, when a carbon surface reaches a certain voltage, and a neurotransmitter is next to it, the neurotransmitter will oxidize (like metal rusting). You can measure this reaction and use it to look at changes in neurotransmitter concentration.
The goal of my lab is two-fold: 1) continue to improve neurotransmitter recording techniques, and 2) to classify and understand neurotransmission in the crayfish. Crayfish communicate through chemical means, but little is known about their neurotransmission in real-time, or what neurotransmitters are released, if any, during confrontation. Using FSCV to measure crayfish neurotransmission will allow us to better understand this organism and how it communicates with others. Currently my research is focused on enhancing electrode sensitivity, with crayfish work to occur in 2013 or 2014.
Cranial suture closure timing and pattern using current medical imaging techniques
The timing and pattern of human cranial suture closure has been used for a disparate range of practical purposes. Forensic anthropologists commonly use the timing of the fusion of cranial sutures to determine age-at-death of individuals, albeit with limited success. Some physical therapists use the patency of cranial sutures to perform craniosacral therapy - a therapy that claims to relieve problems (headaches, chronic back pain, etc.) attributed to changes in the "rhythmic movements" of the cerebrospinal fluid by manually manipulating the bones of the cranium. Both the forensic and therapeutic applications of cranial suture biology have a number of detractors - there is significant doubt about the scientific foundation of their practice. Currently, all of the gross descriptive data of the closure of cranial sutures used in forensic and therapeutic techniques are from simple, direct observation. Current medical imaging techniques, however, can give a better picture of the gross development and maturation of cranial sutures, and perhaps settle some of the debate. My current project is the determination of the timing and pattern of suture closure using existing CT scans. This project will lay a better foundation for future practical applications, and allow a serious evaluation of current ones.
Role of the tetraspanin protein CD82, in c- Met regulation in metastatic prostate tumors.
My research interest is in the field of prostate cancer, in identifying the role of a metastatic tumor suppressor protein called CD82 (KAI1 gene). CD82 expression is lost during prostate tumor progression to metastasis. Loss of CD82 expression has also been recently shown to correlate with metastasis in a number of invasive cancers. The mechanisms by which cancers become metastatic are not clear. CD82 has been shown to associate with membrane proteins such as integrin and receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, Met). During my postdoctoral work at the VanAndel Institute, I have re-expressed CD82 to normal levels in metastatic prostate tumor cell lines. Re-expression of CD82 in these tumor cells reduced invasion in vitro , and suppressed integrin- or HGF-mediated activation of the receptor tyrosine kinas c-Met. Conversely, we have also shown that suppression of CD82 expression in normal cells increases integrin mediated c-Met activation. Signaling through c-Met is required for cell migration and invasion in metastatic prostate tumor cells, which is over expressed in all metastatic prostate cancers. The exact mechanism by which CD82 regulates c-Met is my current research focus. Preliminary data suggests that CD82 may be causing either a decrease in c-Met cell surface aggregation or may be bringing in a c-Met specific phosphatase in close proximity, and thereby regulating c-Met phosphorylation/ activation. There is indication also that CD82 may be regulating one of the four phosphorylation sites that are required for activation of Met. Both these mechanisms of CD82 regulation and the significance of the regulation of one specific phosphorylation site in Met are currently under investigation.
Another project in the lab is involved in analyzing the difference in gene expression between prostate cancer cells with or without CD82 using Agilent micro array technology. Two clones of PC3 cell lines, one transfected with a vector (PC3-5V) and another with CD82 cDNA (PC3-29) were analyzed using micro array Agilent technology. The micro array data was analyzed using a Limma-R program to identify the genes regulated by CD82. The micro array analysis is complete and we are currently looking at the top ten genes that are statistically significant and analyzing the significance of the up and down-regulation of these proteins in these cells. The results are being further validated by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. In addition more (prostate tumor) clones expressing CD82 and normal prostate cells with or without CD82 (by CD82 siRNA) will also be analyzed to reconfirm the results.
Coronary arteries supply blood to the myocardium and they are the site of various metabolic pathways, including those involving redox reactions. When redox reactions become poorly regulated, free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are released in coronary arteries, leading to increased oxidative stress. Previous studies indicate that free radicals play a role in the genesis of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to evaluate the role of superoxide in altering the vascular reactivity of coronary arteries. We hypothesized that a potential non-enzymatic redox reaction between vitamin C and imidazole results in the production of superoxide, which impairs vascular reactivity. We conducted isometric force measurement studies to assess changes in vascular reactivity. The combined effect of vitamin C and imidazole induced a significant change in the vascular reactivity of the arteries. To further confirm the release of superoxide, a fluorescent dye based dihydorethidine assay was carried out to measure the levels of superoxide released in the arteries. The images and average intensity values of stained nuclei suggested an increase in the superoxide levels in the arteries incubated in vitamin C and imidazole, though the average intensities were not statistically significant (p=0.11). This may be due to the small sample size (n=13), thus future studies will include additional experiments to determine if superoxide production is significantly elevated. If successful, these studies may provide basic information on non-enzymatic sources of superoxide in the vasculature.
I'm broadly interested in the evolution of locomotor diversity in primates. To that end, my current research interests can be divided into three projects. First, my research uses three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (analysis of shape in three dimensions) to examine patterns of postcranial variation in the forelimb and hindlimb of human ancestors. I am using this data to investigate the underlying processes that drive shape variation in the postcranial skeleton of humans (e.g., patterns of integration/modularity and potential ontogenetic shifts) and the environmental factors that could have been instrumental in past selective events.
Second, I have been working in collaboration with scientists at the Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP) in Barcelona, Spain on functional analyses of the Middle-Late Miocene (approximately 9-12 million years ago) hominoids from the Vallès-Penedès Basin in Catalonia. Miocene apes are interesting in that their morphology can illuminate the progression of the acquisition of adaptations for modern ape locomotor patterns, including bipedality in humans. Finally, I am investigating the evolution and diversification of new world monkeys in collaboration with a multi-national, multi-institutional team. Fossil new world monkeys are interesting from a paleontological standpoint because there are many unanswered questions about their relationships to both the extant radiation of new world monkeys and to contemporaneous fossil taxa in Africa, Europe and Asia. Fossil new world monkeys are also of particular value because the modern monkeys are extremely diverse in their locomotor repertoires, but genetic evidence indicates a single taxon for the origin of the living groups with deep divergence dates for the modern lineages. Thus, they present an interesting test-case for examining the process of locomotor modification and diversification in primates. We are also currently investigating re-opening paleontological expeditions at two different sites in South America, as well as continuing work at sites in the Caribbean to add to fossil evidence for this group.
Our group uses the chicken and mouse embryo as model systems to determine how neural stem cell differentiation is influenced by intrinsic factors (such as gene expression) and extrinsic factors (such as factors secreted by other cells). The accessibility of the chick embryo to experimental manipulation allows us to screen for the effect of experimental manipulation on stem cell differentiation using quantitative PCR and anatomical approaches. With this approach, undergraduate and master's level students have determined that the basic helix loop helix protein Nato3 is sufficient to promote expression of markers for dopamine producing neurons. The clinical significance of this finding is that dopamine neurons are the target of degeneration in the pathophysiology of Parkinson Disease, so our current studies are focused on understanding the mechanism of this effect with the hope of informing therapeutic strategies towards this disease.
Additionally, our lab is using the same model system to analyze the effect of factors outside of the neural stem cell (cell-extrinsic factors) such as polyunsaturated fatty acids. These factors have been shown to be important signaling components in development and can affect stem cell differentiation in culture, but have not been analyzed in the living embryo.
My research focuses on using C. albicans as a model fungal pathogen. C . albicans is a frequently acquired nosocomial infection both within the US and worldwide. It is an increasingly common threat to human health as a consequence of AIDS, steroid therapy, organ and tissue transplantation, cancer therapy, broad spectrum antibiotics and other immune defects. These infections carry unacceptably high morbidity, mortality rates (30-50%) and important economic repercussions (estimated total direct cost of approximately 2 billion dollars in 1998 in US hospitals alone).
The objectives of my research are: ( i) the application of state-of-the-art yeast cell biology and genetics to the study of Candida albicans pathogenesis and commensalism, ( ii) the use of proteomics, genomics, and bioinformatics in the analysis of the lifecycle of C. albicans, ( iii) studies of C. albicans virulence in vivo, and ( iv) signal sensing and transduction particularly with reference to disease related and quorum sensing pathways in C. albicans.
My research aims to understand the social, ecological, and physiological factors driving primate behavior. I integrate observational field-based methods, controlled captive experiments, and laboratory approaches to holistically investigate both the proximate and evolutionary explanations for primate behavior. I am currently pursuing several projects relating to this research theme.
Firstly, I am interested in how the spatial and temporal distribution of food influences the competitive regimes in which primates live. To test these questions I am currently working with wild marmoset monkeys in Brazil which exploit both renewable and depletable food resources. I am also interested in this species' use of olfaction to communicate information about food resources. A second branch of my research investigates how primates use behavior and physiology to respond to their thermal environment. This research is being conducted on wild howling monkeys in Costa Rica. I have also done extensive work into the social behavior of white-faced saki monkeys. This species displays variation in social system, with some groups being pair living and monogamous, while others have multiple adults and practice polygamy. I am broadly interested in the ecological, demographic, and physiological factors that drive this variation in social system.


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Least Movie Standing
Walter Hill and Bruce Willis go through the motions
By Richard von Busack
THE PROMISING design of Last Man Standing--seen in the interesting advertising image of dapper gangsters transported to the desert--turns out to hide a disappointing and cruel actioner. The story has a history by now, and I probably won't be the only person to suggest seeing either the original 1961 Yojimbo or the 1967 remake, A Fistful of Dollars--or reading the hidden source, Dashiell Hammett's Red Harvest. Nothing in Last Man Standing conveys as much coolness and corruption as that opening image in Yojimbo of a dog trotting off with a human hand in its mouth; and nothing in Bruce Willis' sour, one-note performance as gunman "John Smith" matches the beguiling, chilly satisfaction of Clint Eastwood's Man With No Name.
Smith stumbles into the Prohibition-era Jericho, a Texas border town that's all dust and rotten boards. Jericho is divided between Irish and Italian gangsters from Chicago, who are using the place as a staging area for their competing bootlegging businesses. All the noncombatants have fled, and the sheriff, Ed Galt (Bruce Dern), refuses to take sides. Doyle (David Patrick Kelly) is the leader of the Irishmen; Fredo Strozzi (Ned Eisenberg) heads the Italian faction. Smith makes the mistake of glancing at Felina (Karina Lombard), Doyle's unwilling mistress, and gets his tires punctured and his windshield broken as a warning. Even after this cautionary reception to Jericho, he decides to stay put and see if he can hire out his services as a gunman to either side--or both.
The trick of the oft-told story lies in being a step behind the amoral antihero, not being able to guess his motives as he switches loyalties as easily as he crosses the street. Unfortunately, director Walter Hill leaves no room for guesswork. You are ushered through the story like a child. In his voice-over narration, Smith yammers away like a speed-freak all through the film, making Last Man Standing dully literal at the same time that it tries to blow us away with superior firepower.
"We have to make a choice between good and evil," Smith pontificates, and the camera show us a crossroads. "It was all right out of some dime novel," Smith intones, as we survey a gangster strutting around the sordid little town of Jericho. I wouldn't have been surprised to hear Smith telling us over a gunfight, "Without saying anything, I walked in and filled the bad guys full of lead."
Last Man Standing has a good 10 minutes of Christopher Walken playing the fearsome Hickey, the worst of Doyle's thugs. Walken sports a nice scar that makes him look like an egg cracked in the boil, and a raspy voice that's supposed to have been the result of having stopped an ice pick with his larynx. But 10 minutes do not a movie make, and Last Man Standing is as plain and featureless as its array of gangsters, all shot under the same dusty red light.
More puzzling is the insistence on the moral redemption of Smith, symbolized by a rosary passed around among the characters--another nugget of literalism this movie didn't need. The film's kinetic efforts are as inept as the metaphysics of that rosary. Last Man Standing is built like a video game. Smith points and shoots; his target falls down dead. Hill (Streets of Fire, The Driver) was once a minor master of the chase, but his action sequences here are pedestrian, as if he had lost interest in the genre.
The one sequence that persists in memory is a series of close-ups of shoes, the point of view Smith gets when he's stomped at the climax of the second act. The wing tips and brogues are as indistinguishable as the individual faces in the cascade of falling stuntmen.
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Last Man Standing (R; 103 min.), directed and written by Walter Hill, based on a story by Akira Kurosawa, photographed by Lloyd Ahern and starring Bruce Willis, Bruce Dern and Christopher Walken.
From the September 26-October 2, 1996 issue of Metro
Copyright © 1996 Metro Publishing, Inc.
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WEST SPRINGFIELD – The Committee to Elect Gregory C. Neffinger will host an inaugural party in honor of the new mayor Jan. 29 at 5:30 p.m. at the Carriage House at Storrowton.
"The mayor looks to have an exciting evening of community involvement," Roberta Page, coordinator of the celebration, said Tuesday. "People are just invited to come out and enjoy the evening."
The party will begin with socializing at 5:30 p.m. followed by food stations, music provided by a disc jockey and festivities from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Attendees will receive a special commemorative gift in remembrance of the evening. People are asked to wear whatever is most "party-comfortable."
Townspeople are invited to attend the event, for which tickets are $50 a person.
Reservations are required by Jan. 26 and may be made by making out and mailing a personal check or money order for tickets payable to the Committee to Elect Gregory C. Neffinger, Post Office Box 172, West Springfield, MA 01090.
The Carriage House at Storrowton is at 1305 Memorial Ave.


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Utah-Coal Mine Accident Kills Man
Coal mine accident kills Salina man
SALINA, Sevier County Investigators say an accident at a coal mine claimed the life of a 44-year-old man Saturday night.
Russell Crane of Salina was killed at the Southern Utah Fuel Co. mine when a large chain broke and struck him in the head, a Sevier County sheriff's statement said.
The incident happened about 10 p.m. Saturday. The chain that killed Crane was used to pull equipment at the mine. It apparently got stuck and broke under tension, the statement said.
Crane's body was transported to Sevier Valley Hospital in Richfield. Authorities believe the death was an accident and continue to interview witnesses, the statement said.
Mine safety officials were called to the scene to investigate the accident. The mine is owned by Canyon Fuel Co., has about 295 workers and produces more than seven million tons of coal annually.Front line since 1983 and still going strong
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Oliver Stern was born on May 31, 1959 in Vienna, Austria. He was an actor, known for Adelheid und ihre Mörder (1993), The Bone Man (2009) and Paule and Julia (2002). He died on February 1, 2011 in Berlin, Germany.
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Born:in Vienna, AustriaDied:(age 51) in Berlin, Germany |


text: Bookmarks Desipramine hydrochloride overdosePrint-Friendly NavigatorDesipramine hydrochloride is a type of medicine called a tricyclic antidepressant. Desipramine hydrochloride overdose occurs when someone accidentally or intentionally takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medication.OverdoseAn overdose is when you take more than the normal or recommended amount of something, usually a drug. An overdose may result in serious, harmful sym...Read Article Now Book Mark Article This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.DesipramineI Would Like to Learn About:Expand All Collapse All Poisonous Ingredient Desipramine Where Found Norpramin Nebril Nortimil Pertofrane Pertofrin SertofrenNote: This list may not be all-inclusive. Symptoms Airways and lungs: Breathing slowed and laboredBreathing slowed and laboredBreathing difficulty may involve:Difficult breathingUncomfortable breathingFeeling like you are not getting enough airRead Article Now Book Mark Article Bladder and kidneys: Urinary hesitancyUrinary hesitancyDifficulty starting or maintaining a urine stream is called urinary hesitancy.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat: Blurred vision Blurred visionThere are many types of eye problems and vision disturbances, such as: HalosBlurred vision (the loss of sharpness of vision and the inability to see ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Dry mouth Gastrointestinal: VomitingVomitingNausea is feeling an urge to vomit. It is often called "being sick to your stomach. "Vomiting or throwing-up is forcing the contents of the stomach ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Heart and blood: Irregular heartbeat Irregular heartbeatPalpitations are feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing. They can be felt in your chest, throat, or neck. You may:Have an unpl...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Low blood pressure ShockShockShock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Lack of blood flow means that the cells and organs...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Nervous system: Agitation AgitationAgitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal. An agitated person may feel stirred up, excited, tense, confused, or irritable.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Coma ComaDecreased alertness is a state of reduced awareness. A coma is a state of decreased alertness from which a patient cannot be awakened. A long-term c...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Confusion Convulsions ConvulsionsA seizure is the physical findings or changes in behavior that occur after an episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The term "seizure...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Drowsiness DrowsinessDrowsiness refers to feeling abnormally sleepy during the day. People who are drowsy may fall asleep in inappropriate situations or at inappropriate...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Hallucinations (thinking something is there when it is not) Restlessness RestlessnessAgitation is an unpleasant state of extreme arousal. An agitated person may feel stirred up, excited, tense, confused, or irritable.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Stupor (lack of alertness) StuporDecreased alertness is a state of reduced awareness. A coma is a state of decreased alertness from which a patient cannot be awakened. A long-term c...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Uncoordinated movementUncoordinated movementUncoordinated movement is due to a muscle control problem that causes an inability to coordinate movements. It leads to a jerky, unsteady, to-and-fr...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Home Care Get medical help right away. Do NOT make the person throw up. Before Calling Emergency Determine the following information:Patient's age, weight, and condition Name of product (as well as the ingredients and strength, if known) Time it was swallowed Amount swallowed If the medication was prescribed for the patient Poison Control What to Expect at the Emergency Room The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.See: Poison control center - emergency numberPoison control center - emergency numberFor a POISON EMERGENCY call:1-800-222-1222ANYWHERE IN THE UNITED STATESThis national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. This ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article The health care provider will measure and monitor the patient's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Tests may be done to check the patient's heart function. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate.The patient may receive:Activated charcoal Breathing support, including a tube through the mouth and breathing machine (ventilator) Chest x-ray EKG (heart tracing) Fluids through a vein (by IV) Laxative Medicine called an antidote (sodium bicarbonate) to reverse the effects of the poison Tube from the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach (gastric lavage) Outlook (Prognosis) How well a person does depends on how quickly treatment is received. The sooner therapy is received, the greater the chance of recovery. This can be an extremely serious overdose. Complications such as pneumonia, muscle damage from lying on a hard surface for a long period of time, or brain damage from lack of oxygen may result in permanent disability. Death can occur.Related Information Open ReferencesReferencesKirk MA, Baer AB. Anticholinergics and antihistamines. In: Shannon MW, Borron SW, Burns MJ, eds. Haddad and Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 39.Velez LI, Feng S-Y. Anticholinergics. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al., eds.Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Mosby; 2013:chap 150.BACK TO TOP Review Date: 1/18/2014 Reviewed By: Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Bethanne Black, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. 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Villagers beat, ride on, and kill baby elephant
Jeremy Hancemongabay.com
October 28, 2010
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Conflict between villagers and elephants in Assam is not uncommon. Clearing forests in the region for agricultural has led elephants to raid fields, prompting anger and frustration from poor farmers dependent on their crop for their livelihood. According to NDTV, two weeks ago four elephants were found dead in tea plantation near Kaziranga National Park. Authorities believe they were poisoned as revenge from locals. People are also often killed in this run-in between expanding human and shrinking elephant populations. A number of conservation organizations are working to mitigate the conflict.
Asian elephants are listed as Endangered by the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss, poaching for ivory, and human-wildlife conflict with their population suffering decline.
India holds approximately 60% of the world's Asian elephant population with an estimated 26,000 animals. Elephants play a complex role in Indian culture, although hated by some, the species also represents the God, Ganesha, in the Hindu pantheon.
Related articles
Slaughtered elephant served up at Zimbabwean rally with president
(10/12/2010) On the menu at the most recent rally for the Zimbabwe African National Union Political Front (ZANU-PF): 3 African buffalo, 3 elephants, and a lot of smaller game according to SW Radio Africa. Attended by Zimbabwe's President and founder of ZANU-PF, Robert Mugabe, the rally also celebrated the opening of the Women's Celebration Bank.
Traveler caught with 200 pounds of elephant ivory in four suitcases
(09/27/2010) Customs officials found 16 pieces of cut ivory on searching a 62-year-old Malaysian man at Suvarnabhumi International Airport in Thailand in August. Recently released information shows that the traveler was carrying nearly 200 pounds (90 kilograms) of ivory in four suitcases after arriving from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
How do Asian elephants survive in fragmented and unprotected landscapes?
(06/28/2010) A new study in Tropical Conservation Science has found that Asian elephants living in a combination of fragmented forests and agricultural landscapes still depend on natural landscapes—rivers and forests—for survival. Following two herds of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in the Valparai plateau among the Anamalai Hills of India for three years, researchers found that the elephants spent much of their time, relative to their availability, near rivers and amid forest fragments. When they entered agricultural landscapes they preferred Eucalyptus and coffee to tea.


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About a teenager named Evan, who goes to a school to teach him how to be a supervillain! But he's no good at it and hilarity ensues!
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Fraternities and sororities have found a different way to make pledges pay their dues. It's called Ghosting - scaring new recruits out of their wits. What happens when one campus is cursed by a real ghost? A Platinum Studios comic!
For over a decade, spanning some 4000 nights written in these journals, Lt. David Day Became HERO BY NIGHT, protecting the innocent and punishing evil wherever he could find it, until one day...HE VANISHED. A Platinum Studios comic! Updates Monday-Frid
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Source: Radio Zamaneh
The head of the Anesthesia and Special Care Association of Iran has warned that a number of operating rooms in various Iranian hospitals are facing closure due to a shortage of anesthesia.
Mohammad Mehdi Ghiamat said: "With the approach of the New Year holidays, only emergency cases can be taken to operating rooms, and the situation for other patients will remain unclear."
The Mehr News Agency reports that despite repeated warnings to officials about the serious dangers posed by the shortage of anesthesia in hospitals, no action has been taken.
Earlier, an MP criticized the hold-up of medical drugs at customs. He claimed $140-million worth of medical drugs were being held there.
Marzieh Vahid Dastjerdi was dismissed from her position as health minister by order of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, after she became too critical of the administration's failure to provide the necessary funds to her ministry.
The Iranian national currency has fallen sharply in the past year, resulting in a steep rise in prices. Meanwhile, international sanctions against Iran's financial sector have severely restrained the import of medical drugs by Iranian companies.
Related Video: Iran's hospitals feel pain of sanctions
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Rhosymedre (from Three Preludes)
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Rhosymedre (from Three Preludes) composed by Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958). Arranged by Douglas E. Wagner. Orchestra. Masterworks; SmartMusic; String Orchestra. Belwin Intermediate String Orchestra. 20th Century; Masterwork Arrangement. Grade 3. Conductor Score & Parts. 144 pages. Published by Belwin Music (AP.31530).
Rarely does a work of such exceptional beauty leave such a lasting impression on the classical music world as this one has. Although scored with younger players in mind, this arrangement preserves all of the harmonic nuances and breathless emotion of RVW's original. Violins, violas and cellos share the melody. A perfect introduction to the music of Vaughan Williams! This title is available in SmartMusic.
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1903-S Morgan Dollar VG
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Mintage of 1,241,000 coins.
This is a Morgan Silver Dollar in Very Good condition that was minted more than 110 years ago. Tough S-mint find!
Silver -- why buy Silver from APMEX?
Silver is one of the world's favorite bullion investments and is a popular way to diversify one's wealth. Call our Account Managers toll free at (800) 375-9006 or click on the "Live Chat" button. APMEX is where to buy Precious Metals! Also, you can come to us when it is time to sell Gold, Silver, Platinum, and Palladium.Specifications
Product ID: | 5093 |
Year: | 1903 |
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Denomination: | $1.00 |
Mint Mark: | S - San Francisco |
Metal Content: | 0.7734 troy oz |
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I have a biewer yorkie – I think he is the victim of a "puppy mill" – I know he loves me and thinks of me as his "mother" – but he never likes me to touch him…and never comes directly to me when I call him….He will come into the room I call him from, but he will not approach me OR allow me to touch him….he runs away when I try to touch him…….how can I get love from this puppy? he is 3.5 months old…please help me. thanks
Can Dogs Be Autistic?
Readers of the K9 Magazine Dogosaurus may well be benefiting from being able to label the odd behaviours that our dogs present. But labelling something is one thing, understanding the cause is another. Given that dogs and many other animals have magnificent talents that our human minds can't fathom or perform, K9 Magazine believes that many dogs may indeed be operating on a completely different mental spectrum to that which is 'neurotypical'.
Using the autistic spectrum applied to human behaviour, we have devised a do it yourself test to determine where about on the spectrum your dog may be. Otherwise, how can we explain why the same dog that a person relies on to warn them of an imminent seizure or to detect drugs hidden in a petrol tank, can also be responsible for wanting to 'kill' the newspaper or the old classic, chasing the tail.
Whilst the modern maxim 'there is no such as thing as normal' carries a lot of truth, there is such a phrase that goes 'my dog is mad'. For those of us who have dogs that do inexplicably odd, weird, or plain crazy things (most of us then), for which we mere humans cannot find an answer, there may be underlying issues related to your dog's individual neurology.
The autistic spectrum helps people understand the cause and effect of certain mental conditions. Many of these conditions that are applied to humans are to be found in our dogs in slightly modified or basic levels of seriousness, and when we take into account that many people who are placed on the autistic spectrum have extraordinary talents, mental ability and creativity, the idea of understanding why an obviously intelligent dog can also be found tilting his head in confusion at your sneezes affords the canine human relationship a certain clarity.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Dogs (ADHD in Dogs).
Does your dog…
Have difficulty following a simple command such as 'sit' or 'stay' even though you know he understands you? Perhaps he tries to sit but cannot resist following you.
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I was surprised to find articles on canine autism, as we jokingly call our dog "Rainman". His Dam was discovered not far from a puppy mill operation with a load of buckshot in the back of her head and ready to whelp 3 pups. She was severly underweight and dehydrated when found by a Keeshond rescue organization. I took one of the pups who is clearly a german shepard/keeshond mix. He's smart as a whip, but needs to keep to a schedule much like Rainman or he becomes very frightened, flustered and at times aggressive. I have written to Ceasar Millan a few times, but never even get a response. Thanks for the article, it was helpful to know we are not alone.


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Fighting radical Islam, turmoil in St. Louis, the Midwest finalist for the 2014 Hope Award
Today's news and commentator Cal Thomas on the violence produced by radical Islam, plus: a discussion of the outbursts in St. Louis after an 18-year-old was killed by a police officer, a profile of the Midwest finalist for WORLD Magazine's 2014 Hope Award for Effective Compassion, and more
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ISIS: American war planes continue to hit selective ISIS positions in northern Iraq.
Crossing the border: A newly published video paints a troubling picture of just how easy it can be to enter the US illegally.
Ebola: Missionaries to Ebola-ravaged west Africa are returning home.
Robin Williams: Actor and comedian Robin Williams died on Monday in a suspected suicide according to the Sheriff's office in Marin County, California.
Business/economy: WORLD News Group's Warren Cole Smith reports that stocks were generally higher on Monday.
Commentary: Fighting radical Islam
Commentator Cal Thomas talks about who's to blame for the increasing violence in the Middle East as a result of radical Islam.
Protesting and looting in St. Louis
Mark Reardon, voice of St. Louis and CBS radio host for KMOX, discusses the violence, looting, and vandalism after an 18-year-old was shot by a police officer.
WORLD'S 2014 Hope Award: Our Midwest finalist
Today, WORLD News Group's Daniel James Devine reports on Friends Ministry in Lake City, Mich. Learn more about our ninth annual Hope Award for Effective Compassion.


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Supercourse Lecture
(Golden Lecture of)Global Health. So near, So far. Expanded version in Farsi
Topic: global health
Author: Faina Linkov
Keywords: global health
In Farsi: View lecture- Original: http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec40831/index.htm
- Original type: HTM
- Submitted on: 04/10/2011
- Last updated on: 04/10/2011
- Contact: Hossein Rajaie, Maryam Kandi, Samira Jafary, Ali Ardalan
- Lecture number: lec40831


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Xterra European Champs Set For Sunday
- By Super Administrator
- Published May 26, 2010
Some of the biggest names in off-road triathlon are in Italy this week for the Xterra European Championship race at the natural park of Biderosa in Sardinia.
The start list includes 43 pros representing 14 countries, including reigning European Tour champions Franky Batelier and Renata Bucher, Olympians Olivier Marceau and Sibylle Matter, and former Xterra World Champions Nico Lebrun and Melanie McQuaid.
Batelier is the man to beat in the men's race, having not lost in Europe since 2008. The 32-year-old military officer from Normandy, France won all four races on the Tour last year, and the inaugural Xterra Portugal Championship on April 3 to start the 2010 season. Last year in Italy, Batelier came into the bike-to-run transition with the 2008 Xterra World Champ, Ruben Ruzafa, and ran more than a minute faster than the Spaniard to take the crown.
Men's Pro Start List
Austria – Julian Langer
Belgium – Yeray Luxem, Jim Thijs
Czech Republic – Karel Zadak
Denmark – Ole Vinnergaard
France – Franky Batelier, Nico Lebrun
Germany – Jens Buder, Ronny Dietz, Nico Pfitzenmaier, Felix Schumann
Italy – Fabrizio Baralla, Gianpietro De Faveri, Fabio Guidelli, Luca Molteni, Alessio Picco
Netherlands – Lars Van Der Eerden
South Africa – Lieuwe Boonstra, Carl Pasio
Spain – Ricard Calmet Calveras, Borja Conde
Switzerland – Jean Marc Cattori, Olivier Marceau
United Kingdom – Tom Curtis, Sam Gardner, Llewellyn Homes , Graham Wadsworth
In the women's race world traveler Renata Bucher from Switzerland is fresh off an impressive victory at the Xterra South Central Championship in Waco, Texas on Sunday, and has notched victories in Saipan, Guam, and Portugal as well this year. At last year's Italian Championship she fell three minutes behind fellow countrywoman Sibylle Matter on the swim, but put three minutes on Matter during the bike, then held on during the run as Matter closed the gap to within 20 seconds at the finish line.
Women's Pro Start List
Austria – Carina Wasle
Canada – Melanie McQuaid
France – Myriam Guillot, Marion Lorblanchet
Germany – Claudia Walser
Italy – Monica Gabbanelli, Giuliana Lamastra, Sara Tavecchio, Ilaria Zavanone
Netherlands – Maud Golsteyn
Switzerland – Renata Bucher, Claudia Hossmann, Sibylle Matter
United Kingdom – Emma Ruth Smith, Darrelle Parker, Jacqui Slack
There are 20,000 Euros up for grabs and titles for both the Xterra European and Xterra Italy Championships. The race enters its fourth year in the protected area of Biderosa, and consists of a 1.5-kilometer swim, 32km mountain bike and 10km trail run. The two-lap bike course features long slopes and single track that requires solid technical skills, and shows off athletic abilities.
Race preview provided by Xterra.
FILED UNDER: News TAGS: Bidersoa / european triathlon / Italy / off road triathlon / Sardinia / xterra european championships


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Video Surveillance: Applications and Advances
Type: Training
Date: 10/21/13 8:00 AM CT - 05/23/13 5:00 PM CT
Scottsdale, AZ United States
Web site: https://www.asisonline.org/Education-Events/Education-Programs/Classroom/Pages/Video-Surveillance-Applications-and-Advances-Oct2013.aspx
Email: email@example.com
Phone: 703.519.6200
Explore what's on the horizon at this exciting, intense, technology- and applications-focused program—a must for anyone using or designing a video surveillance system.
The universal acceptance and popularity of video-based security systems necessitates keeping abreast of market trends, advances in technologies, and best practices. Keeping current is nonnegotiable by virtue of the fact that these systems have become not only an integral part of today's physical security programs, but a tool used by law enforcement and private security forces as well. This program focuses on video systems hardware, video analytics, video system management software, systems installation best practices, and other germane topics.


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Arsenal are plotting a second bid for Bayer Leverkusen midfielder Lars Bender.
Arsene Wenger had an £18.5m offer turned down over the summer but has not given up on landing his man.
He will return with an improved £20m bid for the Germany international when the transfer window reopens according to the Daily Star Sunday.
Soccer Headlines
Arsenal prepare £20M January bid for Lars Bender
Off The Post | Sep 29


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This is an artist's statement in book form for a show held at JFKU Art Gallery in June 2007. It holds my philosophy about life which simply said is that everything and everyone matters.
Happy Birthday Jennifer! Published February 11, 2010
Tom and Lauren Got Married Published December 09, 2009
ARTcart! A Community Art Project Published December 02, 2009
Myth, Magic, Mystery Published October 15, 2009


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Course Details
If you've surfed before but need a few more skills to catch bigger waves, or waves before they break, this lesson will get you riding with more confidence and style. Designed for intermediate to advanced students, we'll assess your ability and take you out the back of the line-up to tackle the serious stuff. You'll develop a stronger understanding of reading the conditions and be able to improve your technique based on our expert tips and advice. If you have your own board, bring it along so we can show you how to get the best out of your investment.
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Katy Perry Plugs 3D Film On 'Leno'
'Wide Awake' star Katy Perry paid a visit to Jay Leno on his NBC 'Tonight Show' last night (June 21st) to promote her upcoming 3D documentary "Katy Perry: Part of Me" which opens in theaters in the US, Canada, the UK, and Australia in two weeks on July 5th! It was a thirteen-minute long interview where before going deep into the film-related stuff, Jay Leno got Katy to speak on her beginnings such as how she 'rebeled' from her strict Christian family, moving to Los Angeles at 17 to pursue her dreams, getting dropped from a couple record labels, to finally getting her big break. Katy kinda also adressed the Rusell Brand divorce. On the 3D documentary plugging minutes, the pop superstar told Jay Leno why she wanted to do this project, and together watched a new sneek peak using the cute heart-shaped 3D glasses designed by Katy. I love the girl, but isn't the way she express herseld kinda overwhelming at times?


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Room for up to three persons. Each room is uniquely decorated and personalized. Equipped with two beds of 90 cm x 190 cm or one bed of 180 cm x 190 cm and an extra bed. They have air conditioning, TV LCD with 50 channels (national and international), minibar, safety box, free WIFI, telephone, desk bathroom, magnifying mirror and hairdryer.
Book your room with us and get portable Wi-Fi free. Internet everywhere in the city for you.


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Back 9 Biz Bites: The Day the Earth Smoked Still
Harvested marijuana in a rolling paper. iStockphoto
- Michael del Castillo
- Upstart Business Journal Technology & Innovation Editor
- Email | Twitter | LinkedIn
Some links that caught our eye on Friday, April 20:
- The 4/20 marijuana holiday.
- How legalizing marijuana could reduce the federal deficit.
- Marijuana rally in trouble at Colorado university.
- Marijuana-infused wine produced at California vineyards: Dangerous?
- All you need to know about a day used to celebrate marijuana.
- Medical-marijuana bill clears Connecticut committee.
- Weed aficionados celebrate 4/20 with music and marijuana discounts.
- Decriminalizing marijuana was smart. Now, let's be smarter.
- Momentum swinging against medical marijuana.
- Michael del Castillo
- Upstart Business Journal Technology & Innovation Editor
Michael del Castillo is the technology and innovation reporter at Upstart Business Journal, a member of American City Business Journals. A graduate of Columbia University, his work has appeared in the New Yorker. He is also the cofounder of Literary Manhattan, a nonprofit dedicated to promoting Manhattan's literary community and creating new ways to appreciate literature.
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Notre Dame is good, but Bama is better. And if the college football world needs another reminder, they will get it on Monday night.
Notre Dame is good, but Bama is better. And if the college football world needs another reminder, they will get it on Monday night.
the former CrimsonBleedRed.
Depth is not as great as you think. Acknowledged recruiting guru Coach Saban competed for a title in his third year too but his team depth took a full five years to really round into shape.
We'll have a good game between the starting 22s but if the bottom third of the rosters played each other today y'all would need a medevac unit.
You are insane, a dreadful ND offense put up 30 points on MSU that year. You don't have a clue if you think 2010 Michigan State Defense is even remotely close to this years Notre Dame team. I won't even address the fact that you think that team is better
Yeah I am convinced you haven't seen a single snap of either team. This post is beyond laughable.MSU though had a better team than what ND has now, that's for sure.
No sense in name calling, we all know JBNP is crazy but we don't say it out loud . We like to have constructive arguments around here, not posts that stoop to name calling. I think offensively Msu was suppose to have been better,though they didn't have an equal to Johnny football like Nd has in Golston( ) from what I saw in 2010 msu defense was awful.
Are w you serious? I watched the Pitt game, at team who who got beat by Youngstown State, I saw some of the BC game, a team who is terrible. I saw some of the OU game, they got destroyed by A&M, They had y'all but holding calls got to them. I saw the whole USC game. And let me tell you that wasn't impressive at all. MSU had a defense AND offense that year. They were also co-B1G champs that year as well. I will give you ND undefeated season was good. But the struggles you had against weak teams is as you laughable. They beat game I saw with ND was Miami in Chicago or wherever it was, but Miami wasn't going anywhere this year. We took the #12 team this year and destroyed their season.
Last edited by NDGiantsKings; January 6th, 2013 at 07:28 AM.


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Released: Jun 01st, 2005
Running Time: 107
Director: Axel Braun
Company: New Sensations
Scott Nails, Dayzjha, Brittany James, Tony T., Chris Charming, Taryn Thomas, Lea Luv, Kimmie Cream, Mr. Pete
Critical Rating: AAA 1/2
Genre: All-Sex
Nice nonstop action for couples into conventional sex.
This one proves that a release can be hot without anal. A threesome with Kimmie Cream, Tony T., and Scott Nails shows that everyone can get their jollies with the right approach and the right times. Their pool table boff, where more than the felt is felt, winds up at a nearby couch that, presumably, will clean up easier than the billiards table.
Sweetie Leah Luv and Mr. Pete make their coupling work quite well, and the view of her straddling his member is as memorable as the same position achieved, respectively, by Taryn Thomas and Brittany James. Ride 'em, girls.


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International Practice Section
The International Practice Section is committed to sharing information with its members. The administrative responsibilities of the section include providing the Board of Governors with an annual report, management of the budget and adherence to the bylaws.
Annual Report Budget Bylaws
Chair James Clack Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Chair-elect Fraser Mendel Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Secretary/Treasurer Leonid Kisselev Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Immediate Past Chair Jonathan Lloyd Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Communications Eriko "Elly" Baxter Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Executive Committee Members
Monica Langfeldt, Position #1 (to 2015) Email: email@example.com
Matthew Dresden, Position #2 (to 2015) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Bernard Shen, Position #3 (to 2016) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Bonnie Wasser, Position #4 (to 2016) Email: email@example.com
Holly Vance, Position #5 (to 2017) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Megan Lutes, Position #6 (to 2017) Email: firstname.lastname@example.com BOG Liaison Mario Cava


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Safety Study of Dantrolene to Treat Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating acute brain injury due to bleeding onto the brain surface from a ruptured aneurysm. Cerebral vasospasm (cVSP; critical narrowing of brain arteries) is a known complication after SAH and significantly increases disability and death after SAH. Vasospasm is difficult to treat and can lead to stroke. Animal studies have shown that the muscles in the artery wall play a role in cVSP.
Dantrolene has been FDA approved and extensively used in clinical practice as a muscle relaxant for more than 30 years. It has been shown to provide some benefit in animal studies of cVSP, as well as in a small number of humans. Therefore, we plan to undertake this study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of treatment with dantrolene in patients with cVSP after SAH, and to determine the maximal tolerated dose to be used in future studies to determine if treatment with Dantrolene can improve the outcome of patients with cVSP after SAH.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
Drug: Dantrolene |
Phase 1 Phase 2 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Non-Randomized Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Dantrolene in the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - a Phase 1 Study |
- Hemodynamic Parameters (Change From Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure (Pre-infusion) Over Time Until 135 Minutes Post-infusion) [ Time Frame: baseline until 135 minutes post-infusion ] [ Designated as safety issue: Yes ]Systolic Blood Pressure (Change from baseline systolic blood pressure (pre-infusion) over time until 135 minutes post-infusion).
- Transcranial Doppler Peak Systolic Velocity (Change From Baseline Peak Systolic Velocity (Pre-infusion) Over Time Until 135 Minutes Post-infusion) [ Time Frame: baseline until 135 minutes post-infusion ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Peak Systolic Velocity of vessel in vasospasm (Change from baseline peak systolic velocity (pre-infusion) over time until 135 minutes post-infusion).
- Transcranial Doppler Mean Flow Velocity (Change From Baseline Mean Flow Velocity (Pre-infusion) Over Time Until 135 Minutes Post-infusion) [ Time Frame: baseline until 135 minutes post-infusion ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Mean flow velocities of vessel in vasospasm (Change from baseline mean flow velocity (pre-infusion) over time until 135 minutes post-infusion).
Enrollment: | 10 |
Study Start Date: | July 2007 |
Study Completion Date: | October 2009 |
Primary Completion Date: | October 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Experimental: Dantrolene (low dose) |
Drug: Dantrolene
1.25 mg/kg IV once over 60 min
Experimental: Dantrolene (high dose) |
Drug: Dantrolene
2.5 mg/kg IV once over 60 min
Detailed Description:
Our main objectives are: 1) to evaluate the safety and tolerability of varying doses of dantrolene, by determining the treatment related adverse events, in participants with cVSP after SAH; and 2) to determine the maximal tolerated dose to be adopted in subsequent studies and 3) to determine efficacy trends of dantrolene on brain vessels as assessed by ultrasound of brain vessels (transcranial Doppler).
We hypothesize that dantrolene is well-tolerated and has minimal serious adverse effects in patients with cVSP after SAH. The results can potentially bring a new treatment to patients with SAH. cVPS after SAH is a frequent cause of disability and death. A successful study demonstrating the safety of dantrolene in would be of considerable public health significance.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
- Participants with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital NeuroICU (Blake 12) and undergoing standard-of-care daily transcranial doppler (TCD).
- Participants with unilateral or bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), or basilar artery vasospasm as defined by the following TCD criteria
- a >50% mean velocity increase from the baseline mean TCD velocity (baseline is the first TCD measurement, usually within 24hrs of admission), or
- peak systolic TCD velocities of 200 cm/s or higher in the MCA or ACA (for MCA with a concurrent ipsilateral LR of 3.0 or higher), or peak systolic TCD velocities of 120 cm/s or higher in the PCA or basilar artery, or
- any daily 100 cm/s peak systolic TCD velocity increase from the previous day, or
- any longitudinal mean TCD velocity increase of 80 cm/s or more
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inability to obtain consent from patient or health care proxy
- Age < 18 years
- Pregnancy
- Traumatic SAH
- Known allergy to dantrolene
- Prior history of cirrhosis or hepatitis B/C, or any two of the following three liver enzymes elevated to greater than: ALT >165 Units/L, AST >120 Units/L, alkaline phosphatase >345 Units/L (three times upper limit of normal)
- Participants on verapamil
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00964548
United States, Massachusetts | |
Massachusetts General Hospital | |
Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114 | |
UMASS Memorial Medical Center/UMASS Medical School | |
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655 |
Principal Investigator: | Susanne Muehlschlegel, MD | UMASS Medical School | |
Study Director: | John R Sims, MD | Massachusetts General Hospital |
Responsible Party: | Susanne Muehlschlegel, Study Principle Investigator, University of Massachusetts, Worcester |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00964548 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | H-13076 |
Study First Received: | August 23, 2009 |
Results First Received: | November 18, 2011 |
Last Updated: | April 25, 2012 |
Health Authority: | United States: Institutional Review Board |
Keywords provided by University of Massachusetts, Worcester:
vasospasm subarachnoid hemorrhage neurocritical care dantrolene vasorelaxation |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Vasospasm, Intracranial Brain Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders Intracranial Hemorrhages Nervous System Diseases Pathologic Processes |
Vascular Diseases Dantrolene Central Nervous System Agents Muscle Relaxants, Central Neuromuscular Agents Peripheral Nervous System Agents Pharmacologic Actions Physiological Effects of Drugs Therapeutic Uses |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on April 23, 2015


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Ughhhhhhhhh. Interesting, I almost had the exact experience today. Flew my MSRx inside, was buzzing around and, like many, I've gotten pretty comfortable with it close to my face. Took my eye off of it for a second, and it was suddenly within inches of my face.
This was a good reminder. No more "not ducking" when it comes my way. |
Latest blog entry: Clever sayings
United States, MA, Norwood
Joined Dec 2006
74 Posts
United States, MA, Norwood
Joined Dec 2006
74 Posts
Correction: I mean the flap/gyro switch
Canada, ON, London
Joined Jan 2013
8 Posts
Also, I found a 300mah turnigy nano-tech lipo on hobbyking.com that Im thinking of ordering, has anyone had any experience with these. Any better options out there |
United States, CA, Palos Verdes Peninsula
Joined Dec 2011
1,031 Posts
Prepping my newly repaired mCPX BL for tomorrow. I did a few mods:
- got rid of the plastic vertical stabilizer which flap/vibrate too much - put a groove in the tail motor mount and glued a carbon fiber rod to keep the tail blades from hitting the ground - glued on tail boom supports to keep from breaking the tail boom and stiffen the tail section for better tail authority - switched to a different tail blades which I had for my mCPX brushless conversion (don't like the stock blades which bend/flatten too easily) - turned on the gyro control and set it to +50% (seemed to work the best at reducing tail wag) She hovers well and is stable - should be fun tomorrow. |
United States, CA, Palos Verdes Peninsula
Joined Dec 2011
1,031 Posts
Yeah, "fine" is a word I rarely use except as a nice way of saying to someone "It's not broken, but I don't like it." Part of the fun of this hobby, for me anyways, is tweaking my models to see if I can get better performance and then flying it as hard as I can to see if it worked. None of my models stay stock very long unless it's a spare used for comparison.
It's not for everyone, but I would bet the mCPX BL will have a thriving hop up market before long. |
YES! Back in the air! My bearings, swash plate, and pushrods arrived today - for those of you who crash, a little warning - a good solid crash WILL send these parts in separate directions. Before you pick up your copter, make sure everything is attached.
But mine is back in the air and I'd forgotten how much I enjoy flying it. It's so much bigger, heavier, and more powerful than anything I've ever owned, and it's a treat to fly. I need more room to practice flipping and inverted flight. Most of the time, my yard is big enough, but when things start to head south, east, or west unexpectedly, I run out of room in a hurry. Did a few flips today, but it's blowing 10-20 and I don't feel like replacing parts again, so mostly I settled for lapping around the yard. I find that I have a harder time getting nice, smooth coordinated turns with this than I do w/ my other helis (MSRx, Nano). Gotta work on that. |
Latest blog entry: Clever sayings
Australia, NSW, Newcastle
Joined Jun 2012
314 Posts
Well, initial flight shows a bit of a tail wag which is there throughout all maneuvers (basic level flight), lots of power compared to its predecessor, running 20% expo had it about the same response as 0 on the v1 also.
Gyro gain seemed to have little effect between -100 0 +100, being set to the 3pos gyro switch on my DX7s at the gear channel. Any confirmation as to whether this is correct would be nice please?!0_o What have been the best tail wag remedies without major modifications? It seems to be always hunting. I am thinking of jamming my KBDD tail rotor on to see if it changes anything, but I don't want to ream it out and waste it as it will no longer fit my nano if I do. |
I love the liquid tape and use that for all sorts of stuff. The plastic dip is good stuff to Quote:
On the flying thanks, it is easy to get there and you will be able to easily do that soon, just crash often On flipping in that video I wasn't trying hard to do level flips but usually it is more like: 1)Apply positive collective 2) snap elevator 3) as it gets perpendicular to the ground BE at 0 pitch 4) as it pulls out of the perpendicular portion apply negative pitch softly to catch it wash rinse , repeat as necessary |
KBDD rotor will stop wag but it is not good for fast reverse flights. I had the tail will blow out on every reverse loop and reverse circuit I have tried. You can use a sewing needle to make it wide enough to fit on the motor easily. |
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