text: [[quoteright:300:[[WesternAnimation/TheWrongTrousers http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/HaveYouSeenThisChicken.jpg]]]][[caption-width-right:300:[[PaperThinDisguise "Have You Seen This Chicken?"]]]]->''And the $50,000 prize for the Best Dog in Show goes to this rare Black-Feathered Quacking Retriever!''If you are a [[MorallyAmbiguousDucktorate duck on the make]], or a RascallyRabbit trying to escape the hunters, or just a [[CanineCompanion dog]] that thinks it's "cute" to [[http://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/DogInTurkeysClothing.jpg wear a turkey costume]] (or, at least, has an [[JerkAss owner]] who does), you have a good chance of turning into an '''Laconic/AssInALionSkin'''. This involves one animal (usually a FunnyAnimal) that attempts to [[DisguiseTropes pass as]] an animal of an ''entirely different species'', not simply of a different style or level of reality -- [[WesternAnimation/QuickDrawMcGraw Augie Doggie]] pretending to be TopCat, but ''not'' Augie Doggie pretending to be Doggie Daddy, Franchise/ScoobyDoo, WesternAnimation/{{Underdog}}, [[ClassicDisneyShorts Pluto]], or [[HeroicDog Rin Tin Tin]]. Note also that the trope specifically excludes an animal dressed as or imitating a human being (or ''vice versa'').Though this is mainly an [[AnimationTropes Animation Trope]] (the WesternAnimation/LooneyTunes / [[WesternAnimation/LooneyTunes Merrie Melodies]] series in particular were addicted to it), it also occurs in other fictional contexts. The disguise in question is usually [[PaperThinDisguise Paper Thin]], but is often remarkably successful, to the point that its removal may actually provoke a comedic [[HeroicBSOD BSOD]] -- "My God! You're not a fruit bat at all! You're a killer whale!"The Ass In A Lion Skin has a RealLife counterpart in the phenomenon of "animal mimicry," in which a harmless milk snake may resemble a deadly coral snake, but in such a case, unlike its fictional counterpart, the mimicry is permanent and (probably) unconscious.Compare AWolfInSheepsClothing. Contrast with FurryConfusion, which is about the bewilderment caused by differences in two individuals of what are supposed to be the ''same kind'' of animal; with IAmNotWeasel, the {{Inversion}} of this trope, in which the animal is taken for another species ''against'' its wishes; and with most of the entries on the SlidingScaleOfAnthropomorphism, which are about animals acting like humans. [[IThoughtItMeant Not to be confused with]] a ''human'' whose ass is in a lion skin; that's FurBikini or LoinCloth. When the filmmakers dress up an animal as a cheap way to put a "monster" on screen, that's a {{Slurpasaur}}.The [[TropeNamers Trope Namer]] is, of course, the Aesop's fable of the same name "The Ass in the Lion Skin".----!!Examples[[foldercontrol]][[folder:Advertising]]* The Cadbury Chocolate commercials, featuring [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw_gEyg7Nt8 clucking rabbits]]. A later commercial featured other [[EasterBunny rabbits]] making [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYhikmfE7dA&NR=1 other animal noises]] (ribbits, barks, trumpetings, ''etc''.), while a still later one featured [[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFCNvZ_1gg0&NR=1 other animals]] ([[StubbornMule donkeys]], [[KingOfBeasts lions]], ''etc''.) with [[AnimalEaredHeadband rabbit]] ears, clucking.[[/folder]][[folder:Anime]]* While ''Anime/{{Pokemon}}'' are not animals per se, Team Rocket's Meowth often disguises itself as other species of Pokémon. This once backfired when Ash used his [[MonsterCompendium Pokédex]] on him, blowing his cover when it described him as being a Meowth.[[/folder]][[folder:Film -Animated]]* ''WesternAnimation/AnAmericanTail'': Warren T. Rat (actually a [[CatsAreMean cat]] himself) dresses as a [[YouDirtyRat rat]] to fool the mice into buying into his protection racket against the cats.* ''Disney/TheJungleBook'': [[BearyFunny Baloo]] disguises himself as an [[EverythingsBetterWithMonkeys ape]] to try to rescue Mowgli from King Louie.* ''Disney/RobinHood'': Robin, a [[CunningLikeAFox fox]] in this version of the [[RobinHood legend]], disguises himself as "the spindle-legged stork from Devonshire" and as Nutsy, the vulture.* ''WesternAnimation/SharkTale'': Lenny the [[EverythingsEvenWorseWithSharks Shark]] passes himself off as Sebastian the Dolphin.* ''WesternAnimation/RockADoodle'': The club that Chanticleer is playing at bans all cats, mice, dogs and '''birds''' from attending so that Edmond and his friends can't get in. So what does Edmond and the gang do? They sneak in [[SomewhereAnOrnithologistIsCrying dressed as]] [[EverythingsBetterWithPenguins penguins]]. And it works since the announcer told them to "bring your penguin suits (i.e. tuxedos)!" [[LiteralMinded literally.]][[/folder]][[folder:Eastern Animation]]* In one ''Animation/NuPogodi'' short, the Wolf is thrown out of a TV studio when he tries to sneak in, and keeps re-entering in attempted disguises as other animals (''e.g.'', wearing a black-and-white striped shirt and claiming to be a zebra, or dropping on all fours with a big bowl on his back and claiming to be a [[TurtlePower tortoise]].) None of these work.[[/folder]][[folder:Literature]]* '''Literature/AesopsFables:'''** "The [[StubbornMule Ass]] in the [[KingOfBeasts Lion]] Skin" -- The TropeNamer** "[[AWolfInSheepsClothing The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing]]"* In ''Literature/TheLastBattle'' Puzzle the Donkey is, as a ShoutOut to the Aesop's Fable above, put into a lion skin by Shift the ape so that the poor ass can unwittingly function as the local {{Antichrist}}. The costume is so feeble that the only reason why it works is because the Narnians haven't seen a lion for ages, because Puzzle is forbidden from braying, and brought out only at night.* In the Literature/{{Discworld}} story ''The Truth'', there is a reward offered for a specific dog. One of the candidates presented, along with the massive range of dogs of the wrong breed, is a parrot with "[=DoG=]" written on it.-->''No, sir, I '''know''' that's not it. Because it's a parrot, that's why. You've taught it to bark and you've painted "[=DoG=]" on the side of it but it's still a parrot.''** Also, Quoth the raven tries to dress up as a robin in ''Hogfather''.** The "[=DoG=]" parrot turns up again in ''The Last Hero''.* ''Literature/HowTheGrinchStoleChristmas'': The Grinch dresses his dog, Max, as a reindeer.* ''ComicBook/{{Maus}}'': The mice (Jews) wear pig masks to pass among the general population of pigs (Poles}. As the story is non-fiction, it's understood that the Jews didn't actually do this, but is just the comic's way of depicting their attempts to blend in.* Happens a couple of times in ''{{Literature/Redwall}}''. Brome the mouse and Jukka the squirrel both managed to pass for rats, in Jukka's case by shaving her tail and dyeing her fur. The hares Midge [[MeaningfulName Manycoats]] and Tammo dress up to enter the Rapscallion camp; they end up looking like miscellaneous weird-looking creatures "neither wholly rat, ferret, or stoat, but definitely vermin of some sort", but since they're dressing up as Seers the otherworldly look actually helps. And then there's the otter Mask, who is a master of disguise and can pass as pretty much ANY other creature.[[/folder]][[folder:Live Action TV]]* On the Cloris Leachman episode of ''TheMuppetShow'', [[MessyPig pigs]] take over the show and fill all the roles. Cloris comes out on stage while "Kermit the Pig" is making an introduction and states her belief that he's not Kermit the [[FrogsAndToads Frog]], despite being green (not easy for a pig) and having the collar. What changes her mind? "Ribbit!" He didn't even have to hide his ears or snout.** Whether she was actually fooled for any length of time is another matter, as revealed in the end, when Kermit and the others made their escape;--->'''Kermit''': Who ever thought that someone would be holding a hog-calling contest next door? It was amazing, it was bizarre...--->'''Cloris Leachman''': It was easy. I'm from Iowa.* A ''Series/SesameStreet'' sketch featured William Wegman's dogs dressed as different kinds of animals. "It's Kermit the Dog!"** A more recurring incident was with Gladys the Cow, who liked to pretend she was another animal. In one scene, she got some horses to pretend they were cows.* In ''ANTFarm'' Cameron enters for a dog show but has no dog. His solution? Strap a stuffed toy dog onto a cat. [[RuleOfFunny He wins]].[[/folder]][[folder:Myths & Legends]]* One version of the TropeNamer goes as follows: An Ass, having put on the Lion's skin, amused himself by terrifying all the foolish animals. At last coming upon a Fox, he tried to frighten him also, but the Fox no sooner heard the sound of his voice than he exclaimed, "I might possibly have been frightened myself, if I had not heard your bray." The moral of the story is often quoted as "Clothes may disguise a fool, but his words will give him away."* Another fable (the TropeNamer for AWolfInSheepsClothing) has a wolf trying to infiltrate a flock of sheep (in order to eat them) by wearing a sheepskin. This plan ends up biting the wolf in the ass, though. In some versions, he gets caught when he tries to bleat like a sheep but ends up howling instead. In other versions, [[GoneHorriblyRight the disguise works too well]], [[IronicDeath and the farmer decides to kill a sheep for food]] [[KarmicDeath and settles on the wolf]].[[/folder]][[folder:New Media]]* In ''[[http://www.angryalien.com/ 30-Second Bunnies Theatre]]'' rabbits re-enact popular films. Thus, a film like ''Film/JurassicPark'' will feature a ''T. rex'' wearing bunny ears.[[/folder]][[folder:Newspaper Comics]]* There was a cartoon in the ''Wall Street Journal'' or similar paper during a recession, in which the boss of the New York Stock Exchange arranged to have a bear dressed as a bull so he could claim that it was a bull (''i.e.'', rising) market as opposed to a bear (falling) market.* ''ComicStrip/TheFarSide'' had one with a polar bear with a PaperThinDisguise -- a penguin's beak -- pretending to be a [[EverythingsBetterWithPenguins penguin]].** Also, the cover of the book collection ''The Chickens Are Restless'' depicts a duck with a false chicken comb among the mob of chickens.*** "[[FlockOfWolves Is]] ''[[FlockOfWolves anyone]]'' [[FlockOfWolves here a real sheep?]]"* A RunningGag in ''ComicStrip/{{Peanuts}}'' involved Snoopy imitating other animals, most often a vulture.* [[http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v518/Tannhaeuser/Nast_AssInALionSkin.jpg This political cartoon]] by Thomas Nast, in a ShoutOut to Aesop, depicts ''The New York Herald'' as an ass in a lion-skin stampeding the "foolish animals" of the press, including ''The New York Times'' (unicorn), ''The New York Tribune'' (giraffe), and ''The New York World'' (owl). A skittish [[CunningLikeAFox fox]], representing the Democratic Party, has edged onto a reform plank near a gaping pit, by which the trumpeting elephant, symbolizing the Republican vote, lumbers. (This is probably one of the [[UrExample original sources]], incidentally, of the depiction of the G.O.P. as an elephant; Nast also popularized the Democratic donkey.)[[/folder]][[folder:Toys]]* Purr-Tenders, a strange toyline about a gang of [[CuteKitten cats]] who realized they were the only animals who weren't getting adopted from a pet shop, so they disguised themselves as other animals (''i.e.'' dogs, parrots, [[CarnivoreConfusion mice...]])* There's a range of Franchise/WinnieThePooh cuddly toys with the characters dressed as different animals -- Pooh in a bee costume and Eeyore as a butterfly, for example.** There're even a few where everyone who isn't Tigger, is dressed up as Tigger. Presumably, this is to coincide with ''The Tigger Movie''.[[/folder]][[folder:Web Comics]]* In ''Webcomic/KevinAndKell'' many characters have used make up, costumes, and/or parts of other characters to disguise themselves as members of other species. For starters, Corrie had gone a long while disguised as a wolf named Dale. Kell has disguised herself as a rabbit and shortly after as a feline. George Fennec spent a small while disguising as a rabbit despite disliking rabbits since he was always been confused as one his whole life. And at least three non-rabbits spent Easter disguised as the Easter bunny.** And this occasionally pops up as Halloween costumes for kids. Kell noted one time that a child was using a...less-than-fresh pelt. (In fact, this is eventually where Corrie's "Dale" pelt went: into Coney's dress-up box.)** One storyline ends with a group of jackals being tricked into and then trapped in the Rabbit Warrens, where they have the option of either dressing up as and pretending to be rabbits in the hope they can find their way out, or spurn the disguises and probably be torn apart by virtue of the fact they are outnumbered hundreds to one. The final panel reveals at least one jackal got so "into character" that he wound up an old man, happily married to an equally elderly rabbit lady, father of countless litters... and with her still oblivious to the truth of her husband's species.* One of the main characters in Mike Witmer's ''[[http://www.pinkertonpark.com Pinkerton]]'' is Steve, the guinea pig trying to pass himself off as a moose (complete with glued-on fork-and-spoon antlers).* [[http://pbfcomics.com/253/ This]] ''Perry Bible Fellowship'' strip, featuring an actual ass.[[/folder]][[folder:Western Animation]]* In ''WesternAnimation/ACharlieBrownChristmas'', Snoopy is tapped to perform the parts of all the animals in the Christmas play, including a sheep, a cow, and a [[EverythingsBetterWithPenguins penguin]]. (He gratuitously adds a vulture.)** The vulture may be a reference to a series of strips where Snoopy pretended to be a vulture. He eventually gave up when he decided it wasn't creeping people out enough to be fun any more.* It happens in a number of [[ClassicDisneyShort Classic Disney Shorts]]:** In "The Fox Chase" (1928), Oswald [[LuckyRabbitsFoot The Lucky]] [[RascallyRabbit Rabbit]] flushes a [[SmellySkunk skunk]] out of a log. Oswald and his hounds flee into the distance -- and then we see that the "skunk" is really a [[CunningLikeAFox fox]] in disguise.** In "The Moose Hunters" (1937), Goofy and Donald digsuise themselves as a cute lady moose doing a peek-a-boo dance in order to lure a male moose to his doom. Too bad they attract ''two'' males...** In "Disney/ThreeLittlePigs" (1933), Zeke the Wolf disguises himself in a sheepskin, becoming a literal [[AWolfInSheepsClothing Wolf In Sheep's Clothing]].** In "The Golden Eggs" (1941), Donald disguises himself as a chicken to get some eggs from a rooster.* Billy of ''[[WesternAnimation/TheGrimAdventuresOfBillyAndMandy Grim Adventures]]'' fame once entered Irwin in a dog show. He'd been infected with lycanthropy, and his wolf form made for a passable wolf''hound''--a term that is confusingly used both to describe dogs bred to hunt wolves, and dogs that are part-wolf.* In ''TheLittleDrummerBoy'', Baba the lamb pretends to be a lion, a [[FrogsAndToads frog]], and a [[MessyPig hog]]; Joshua the camel pretends to be an alligator and an elephant; and Samson the donkey pretends to be a caribou.* In the Creator/TexAvery cartoon "Little 'Tinker," near the end [[SmellySkunk B.O. Skunk]] tries to woo a female by painting his fur like a [[CunningLikeAFox fox]]. [[spoiler: The girl fox he meets turns out to actually be another skunk in disguise after they fall into a creek and their paint washes off. Cue CrowningMomentOfHeartwarming as they kiss.]]** "The Counterfeit Cat": A cat [[ItMakesSenseInContext rips the ears off a dog]] to deceive the bulldog who's guarding the canary he's after.* WesternAnimation/LooneyTunes[=/=]Merrie Melodies:** "Bedevilled Rabbit": Bugs pretends to be a [[EverythingsBetterWithMonkeys monkey]] and a Tasmanian she-devil to escape the Tasmanian Devil.** "Dog Pounded": Sylvester the Cat dresses in a dog suit in an attempt to cross the city dog pound and eat Tweety. Near the end of the same short, Sylvester paints a white stripe down his back, managing to purloin Tweety. The stunt works ([[spoiler:a little too well, as [[AbhorrentAdmirer Pepe LePew]] [[CrossoverPunchline appears out of nowhere]] and starts hitting on him in standard Pepe fashion]]).** "Double or Mutton": Sam the sheepdog disguises himself as a sheep stolen by Ralph the wolf.** "Duck! Rabbit! Duck!": Bugs pretends to be a duck; Daffy pretends (briefly) to be an elk and a fiddler crab.** "Duck Soup to Nuts": Daffy tries (and fails) to convince Porky that he's a fish. When that doesn't work, Daffy [[DuckSeasonRabbitSeason manages to trick Porky into trying to prove that he's an eagle]].** "False Hair": A father-and-son pair of wolves disguise themselves (badly) as rabbits and try to trick Bugs Bunny into a series of death-traps disguised as the initiation to a "rabbit club". Bugs sees right through the ruse, but plays along to troll the papa wolf. After one failed attempt too many, the papa wolf decides to start a "rooster club", prompting a cameo by Foghorn Leghorn.** "For Scentimental Reasons": As in a number of other WarnerBros. shorts, a black [[CuteKitten cat]] (later christened Penelope Pussycat) disguises herself as a [[SmellySkunk skunk]] to frighten away her persecutors; this, of course, backfires spectacularly when it attracts AbhorrentAdmirer Pepe le Pew.*** Speaking of whom ... some version of this is pretty much ''de rigeur'' for any Pepe le Pew cartoon. It's usually unintentional: a female black cat inadvertently gets a stripe of paint/whitewash/bleach or something; cue Pepe catching sight of her. There's at least one that inverts it, with Pepe getting splashed with ''black'' paint and the female cat (who has a bad cold and can't smell anything) starts pursuing ''him''.** "Foxy By Proxy": Bugs disguises himself as a fox to mislead a pack of hounds.** "Muzzle Tough": Sylvester does this again, but this time [[DisguisedInDrag as a female dog]] to lure Hector away from guarding Tweety. His costume is so convincing, it [[GoneHorriblyRight even fools the dog catcher!]]** "WesternAnimation/RabbitFire": Bugs pretends to be a duck; Daffy pretends to be a rabbit and a dog.** "Sheep in the Deep": Ralph the Wolf and Sam the Sheepdog disguise themselves as sheep [[MindScrew and as each other]].** "Tom Turk and Daffy": Tom dresses Daffy as a turkey to divert Porky Pig from himself.** "You Were Never Duckier": Daffy dresses as a chicken to win a poultry contest; Henery Hawk and his father dress as a duck and a chicken to do the same.** "Fowl Weather": When spying on Tweety on Granny's farm, Sylvester [[LatexPerfection dons a rubber goat mask]] and hides behind a fence to obscure his body, yet Tweety knows he's not really a goat. Later in the same short, Sylvester disguises himself ([[PaperThinDisguise poorly, by means of a rubber glove and some feathers]]) as a chicken, which doesn't fool a large burly rooster one bit.** "Roughly Squeaking": Hubie and Bertie convince a cat he's actually a lion and put on the disguise. They also convince him that lions hunt moose and disguised a dog as a moose.** Not an intentional disguise, but related: there are several cartoons in which Sylvester believes a young kangaroo to be a giant mouse. In his defense, the "kangaroo" is usually ''drawn'' like a oversized version of the mouse that will inevitably also appear in the show. On the other hand, it's kind of stupid of him to assume he can defeat it because it's a "mouse" while ignoring the fact that the "giant" part means it's as big as he is (or, in the cases where the Mom Kangaroo also shows up, signficantly larger than he is).* In the [=DePatie=]-Freleng ''Misterjaw'' cartoon "Show Biz Shark", the eponymous [[EverythingsEvenWorseWithSharks shark]] disguises himself as a porpoise to sneak into show business.* In ''Film/OliveTheOtherReindeer'', Olive the dog is constantly trying to convince people she's a reindeer. No one believes her.* In the ''WesternAnimation/PhineasAndFerb'' episode "Got Game?", Perry the [[EverythingsBetterWithPlatypi Platypus]] dresses up as a dog (''i.e.'', he wears an earband and fake tail) to infiltrate a pet shop where Dr. Doofenshmirtz has been shopping, and ends up being bought by the doctor, who is unaware of Perry's disguise.* In an episode of ''RockyAndBullwinkle'', Bullwinkle was in hiding and he hid out on a mink farm. When the criminal went to the mink farm, the moose hid in a mink pen and pretended to be a mink by squeaking and hopping on all fours.* In the ''WesternAnimation/ScoobyDooWhereAreYou'' episode "Jeepers, It's the Creeper," a baby chick labors under the delusion that it is a dog after imprinting on Scooby.* ''WesternAnimation/TomAndJerry'':** "The Brothers Carry-Mouse-Off": Tom disguises himself as a female mouse, complete with [[TertiarySexualCharacteristics eyelashes, pink bow, and perfume]], because of course, nothing's sexier than your equivalent of the 50-foot woman. It works... too well. He attracts every male mouse in the vicinity. Rather than take advantage of the feast at his feet, he runs off when they start fighting each other. Just when he's safe from that, he finds that his zipper's stuck... and he's being noticed by ''[[CatsAreMean cats]]'' now.** "Jerry and Jumbo": A baby elephant paints himself to look like a giant Jerry just to mess with Tom. Poor Tom goes completely over the edge when the elephant's mother gets in on the act.** "Jerry's Nephew": Jerry disguises himself as a baby chick to smuggle his nephew Dinky out of a hen-house.** "Little Runaway": To capture an escaped baby seal, Tom disguises himself as a seal. He is then mistaken for the escaped seal and captured.** "Puttin' on the Dog": Tom disguises himself as a dog to catch Jerry in a dog pound.** "Flirty Birdy" has Tom donning probably one of the most {{Paper-thin Disguise}}s imaginable. When an eagle steals Jerry from Tom's hands, Tom disguises himself as a female bird to woo the eagle into handing the mouse over. Said disguise consists of lipstick, a party horn for a beak, a skirt, and a few feathers strapped to his rear. Regardless, the eagle is [[AttractiveBentGender instantly lovestruck]]. * In the ''WesternAnimation/WallaceAndGromit'' short "The Wrong Trousers'', the notorious rooster bank robber Feathers [=McGraw=] is really a [[EverythingsBetterWithPenguins penguin]] with a red rubber glove on his head (whence the page image).* In ''WesternAnimation/TheYearWithoutASantaClaus'', Vixen pretends to be a dog, even to the point of chasing a [[CuteKitten cat]].* ''WesternAnimation/TheRenAndStimpyShow'':** "Dog Tags": At the end, Stimpy consoles Ren (who's been snubbed by his fellow dogs) by letting him dress up as a cat and hang out with Stimpy and his cat buddies.** "Fire Dogs": Ren paints himself and Stimpy as Dalmatians in order to get jobs at a firehouse.** "Monkey See, Monkey Don't": Ren and Stimpy dress as monkeys. Later in the episode, Stimpy disguises himself as a hippopotamus and Ren disguises himself as a tickbird.* In the ''WesternAnimation/RockosModernLife'' episode "An Elk For Heffer", Heffer needs to bring an elk home to [[RaisedByWolves his family]] as a RiteOfPassage. So he goes to the most logical place to find an elk: The Elks Club. Only, he can't get in, being a steer and all. [[PaperThinDisguise So he takes branches and ties them to his horns to create antlers]]. Oddly enough, it works.-->'''Heffer:''' I am an elk. I have antlers!\\'''Bouncer:''' (''shrugs'') You want a prize?* One episode of ''SlackerCats'' had Buckley, a house cat, disguising himself as a full-grown tiger by painting himself the correct colours so he could feel brave enough to fight rats. Then the zoo caught him...* In the half-hour animated television special based on the ComicStrip/{{Garfield}} comic strip, "Here Comes Garfield", Garfield and Odie are captured by the local dogcatcher and thrown into a [[PoundsAreAnimalPrisons dark and dreary cell]] with the other inmates. Among the delinquents is Weird Lonnie, a dog who tried to impersonate a moose (at least his head looks like a moose). Even after the escape attempt, Weird Lonnie's true face is never revealed. * In the second act of the ''WesternAnimation/MrBogus'' episode "[[Recap/MrBogusS1E9HipsterTripster Hipster Tripster]]", Bogus disguises himself as a mouse (done by shaping his nose in the shape of a mouse snout and stretching his ears in the shape of mouse ears) in order to scare off an elephant at the zoo as a tactic to help himself to the elephant's peanut cache.[[/folder]]----


text:
Muslim heritage.
Muslim heritage. ARTICLES
Figure 1: Two views of the frontispice of the first edition of the Latin translation of Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics: Opticae Thesaurus...Libri Septem, nunc primùm editi. Eiusdem liber De Crepusculis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis...Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adjectis etiam in Alhazenum commentariis, a Federico Risnero. Basel: Episcopius, 1572. (Source 1 - Source 2).
Ibn Al-Haytham on Eye and Brain, Vision and Perception
Ibn al-Haytham was the major figure in the study of optics...
Figure 1: First page of the Arabic manuscript of Kitab fi al-Jadari wa-'l-Hasaba. Source: The Leiden University Library.
A Medical Classic: Al-Razi's Treatise on Smallpox and Measles
Kitab fi Al Jadari wa Al Hasaba authored by the Muslim...
The latest 1001 Inventions exhibition, and the first designed specifically for a Middle East audience, enjoyed a glamorous Royal launch in the UAE's capital today.
1001 Inventions Exhibition in Abu Dhabi
1001 Inventions, the award-winning global initiative about...
Rebuttal by the FSTC to Edward Rothstein's Article
Rebuttal by the Foundation for Science Technology and...
Figure 1: The title of Sinan's text on the first page of MS 3306 and the first line of the text on the top of folio 132r.
A New Arabic Text of Mechanics: Sinan ibn Thabit on the Theory of Simple Machines
The Arabic manuscript Orient fol. 3306 preserved at the...
FSTC and Khalifa University to create interactive Science Heritage Centre in UAE
Khalifa University (KU) and the Foundation for Science,...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
HEAT oven to 400°F.
COOK peppers in hot oil in large nonstick skillet on medium heat 3 to 5 min. or until crisp-tender. Remove from heat. Add spaghetti sauce, pepperoni, water and 1 cup cheese; mix well.
LAYER 3 noodles, 1/4 of the sauce and 3/4 cup of the remaining cheese in 13x9-inch baking dish sprayed with cooking spray. Repeat layers 3 times; cover.
BAKE 30 min. or until noodles are tender and lasagna is hot and bubbly around edges.


text:
Fill the Boot, Car Wash, Fund Drive, Clothing Drive, etc.
I figured since many of us are doing some of these things to raise money that we should have a place to put an ad advertising these events for other local departments. I know of at least 15 members from other local departments that read these forums and maybe they can help me and you to spread the word about raising money for NY and DC.
October 5th 7-9pm and October 7th 10am-2pm
Busy Bee Parking Lot..exit 11, 78 West
Fill The Boot and Helmet Drive for FDNY Relief Fund...all money to go the families of our fallen brothers and sisters.
October 6th 9am-2pm Car Wash Pattenburg Fire, Exit 11, 78 West, go around the circle over the overpass and through the town...we are on the right across from the Pattenburg Tavern. Money also to FDNY Relief Fund
[ 10-01-2001: Message edited by: hctrouble25 ]Never forget those who went before and sacrified to make us better and stronger as a fire service and a nation. 09-11-01 forever etched in time and our memories. God Speed Boys!
- Join Date
- Oct 2001
- Location
- Buffalo,NY
- Posts
- 54
last saturday my department had a fill the boot drive and in 4 hours we collected $24,000. wich is awesome.
I have participated in 2 boot drives. One was with a paid department and they raise $54,000 in cash and checks in 2 days...and still had over 2 5 gallon buckets of change to count.
The other was with a small volunteer department which rais $7200 in a little over 1/2 day and that also does not include the change to be counted09-11 .. 343 "All Gave Some..Some Gave ALL" God Bless..R.I.P.
IACOJ Minister of Southern Comfort
"Purple Hydrant" Recipient (3 Times)
BMI Investigator
The comments, opinions, and positions expressed here are mine. They are expressed respectfully, in the spirit of safety and progress. They do not reflect the opinions or positions of my employer or my department.
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Casa Amarela
In this Hostel/Guesthouse you can have both: the calm and stress free environment with a laid back atmosphere, with common areas where you can mingle with other Guests if you choose to.
We offer 3 different style houses, all located in Lagos City centre and are designed to suit your needs. Or main house has a small swimming pool and lovely terrace – Please Check for Availability at this House – , and all of the houses have an outdoor area with BBQ, table and chairs.
In this difficult times our Guesthouse wants to be different and strives to provide the best quality rooms to our Guests at an affordable price, and differentiate from other Hostel/Guesthouse by offering bunk-bed free rooms, since we only use single and double beds, private bathroom facilities in all rooms, cable TV, kitchen facilities (full equipped), and above all daily cleaning.
Laundry service is available at a low price, 6 euros per load, and some of our rooms have Air Conditioning – Please Check for Availability at these Rooms – One thing is guarantee, here you will have a place to relax (balcony/ terrace/patio) and to enjoy Lagos exceptional weather, even in the winter time.
Late nights at the garden or terrace are just the best to unwind or to hang-out, and during the day it's always good to read a book outside in the sun with a cold breeze . The beach is also just a few minutes away and everything is in walking distance and not more than 5 minutes away (timed it ourselves). In every turn you can find a Café, Bar or a place to eat; Ice Creams are a must and walking along the boardwalk in the evening is very uplifting.
Meet us at our office, where we also have wi-fi acess for guests, and we will provide full information about the city, the best places to go, what to buy, where to go out, what and where to eat; we will tell you the best beaches and night/day activities.
See you on your arrival :)


text:
Strive HI
What students need to do to earn a diploma from Hawaii's public high schools.
Academic and performance requirements to obtain a diploma from Hawaii's public high schools, from the basics to honors recognition...
The Budget
Learn about the Operating and Capital Improvement Projects budgets for our schools.
The Department operates Hawaii's public schools on a $1.7 billion budget comprised primarily of state funds. Learn about the Opera...
Work for us
Looking for Highly Qualified teachers, specialists and more for our schools and offices.
Welcome to the Hawaii State Department of Education. Year-round, we hire an array of teachers, educational specialists and staff t...
Digital learning
Teaching and learning extends beyond the four walls of a classroom and a school schedule.
Teaching and learning extends beyond the four walls of a classroom and the confines of a bell schedule. Digital and blended learni...
Hawaii Common Core
English Language Arts and literacy in history, science, technical subjects and math.
Hawaii Common Core Standards define the knowledge and skills students need to succeed in college and careers when they graduate. T...
Our governing document driving the transformation of schools, grounded in three goals.
Our school accountability and performance system, rewarding growth and achievement.
Our series of student exams includes the State Assessment, ACT and End of Course exams.
Families are key in student preparedness. New standards (Hawaii Common Core) and assessments (Smarter Balanced) are creating shifts in the classroom that involve more dynamic, evidence- and technology-based learning than what classes used to look like a generation ago. We encourage families to dig in to these resources to help students be ready for learning — and demonstrating learning.
Congratulations to Shanna Peeples, Palo Duro High School, Texas: 2015 National Teacher of the Year: http://t.co/c9P3j6cPLr #NTOY15
Here they are! Our top public school principals of 2015 with Supt and CASs. http://t.co/jV5V0hXIrt
Congrats to all of the nominees and thank you for all you do for our schools. #HIprincipals
2015 NDP is - Haleiwa El Principal Malaea Wetzel!! Congratulations!! http://t.co/xwu3E5oRmu
When announcement is made the former national distinguished principals will ring their bells.


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Sunburn is India's premier electronic music brand hosting Asia's largest 3-day Electronic Music Festival in Goa, Various city festivals, Arena gigs and Club tours across the country since 2007 . Sunburn introduced 'Sunburn Arena' in 2011 bringing some of the worlds best DJs to India like Avicii, Armin Van Buuren, Swedish House Mafia, Tiesto, Hardwell, Nicky Romero, Deadmau5 and many more in an exhilarating arena format across all major cities. Inaugurated in 2007, Sunburn is a synergy of music, entertainment, food, shopping and lifestyle that attracts music tourism in India and now spreading its wings across the globe to Sri Lanka in 2012 & Dubai in 2013. For more info visit www.sunburn.in
Tags: syncburn, sunburn goa qr code.
Tags: syncburn, sunburn goa qr code.
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1 Day Tickets
$14.00 – Adults
$12.00 – Seniors (60+)
$8.00 – Children (6-12)
FREE – Children (5 & under)
2 Day Tickets (Available only at the Box Office)
(Tickets are good for any two days during the 2015 Ford 61st Annual Indianapolis Boat, Sport & Travel Show)
Starting Monday, January 19, 2015, you can save $2 on adult tickets with advance sale discount tickets available from Marsh Supermarkets
$12.00 – Adults ($14.00 at the show box office)
$8.00 – Children (6-12)
Two Day Tickets not available at Marsh.
We are excited to welcome your group to the 2015 Ford 61st Annual Indianapolis Boat, Sport & Travel Show, 24th Annual Indiana Motorcycle Expo and the 18th Annual Indiana Deer, Turkey & Waterfowl Expo
With so much to see and do at our events there is something for everyone to enjoy and remember for years to come.
No matter what kind of group you are, as long as you have 15 or more people you can enjoy discounted admission to our shows.
Our Group Sales prices are:
$11.00 for Adult (ages 13 and above)
$7.00 for Child (ages 6-12)
Don't forget!! You must order at least 15 tickets. Orders for less than 15 tickets will not be processed.
Please contact Janine Lawton at firstname.lastname@example.com to place your order. Orders must be received by February 1, 2015.


text:
If this is in the wrong section, please let me know. I will gladly re-post to the correct area. Here is a real problem we face at work, and I would like some help quantifying it. We have a round form, whose diameter is adjustable. Air cylinders are used to expand or contract the overall diameter of the form as needed. This form receives several wraps of a product. The form rotates, and the wraps of product get wound around the form. Kind of like a garden hose carrier. The product translates along the cylindrical length of the form as the form rotates, so a single wrapped layer is applied to the form. While the product is being wrapped around the form, there is about 1.25 kg of force (tension) on the band. If the force is too high, we experience "crush" of the form. Basically, the air cylinders are overcome by the compression, and they begin to allow the form to shrink in diameter. This is the problem we face. "Crush" is not desirable. Here is the question: How can I quantify the total compressive force against these cylinders? I am able to know the number of wraps of product, and the linear tension of the product as it is applied to the form. I have been toying with the idea of simply multiplying the kg of force by the number of wraps, but that doesn't seem quite right. Of course, it would be better if we didn't use air cylinders to begin with, but this is what we have, and we need to make it work. At least once we understand the total force we are dealing with, then we can begin to tackle the problem a little better. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Paul
This is similar to the stress in a pressurized cylinder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder_stress except you know the "stress" and want to find the pressure, not the other way round. Consider one segment of the form and the section of wrap that covers it. You have the tension of the wrap acting on its two edges, directed along the tangents to the circular shape. You also have the force in the air cylinder acting outwards. Just resolve the wrap forces in the direction of the air cylinder. If there are n segments, each one covers an angle of 360/n degrees, so the wrap tensions are angled "inwards" by 180/n degrees at each end. (As a sanity check, it should be obvious that if there were just 2 segments, the force in each air cylinder would balance twice the wrap tension (twice because there are two sides to the segment). If there are more segments, the force on each air cylinder will be less.
paul11273: It looks like each adjustable pneumatic actuator spans across the entire diameter of the cylindrical form, correct? It looks like there are three adjustable actuators at approximately one x-station location inside the cylindrical form. We might need to know the width of the product band. And we might need to know the length of the cylindrical form supported by each set of three adjustable pneumatic actuators; or in other words, we might need to know the length of the cylindrical form, and the x-axis coordinate (location) of each set of three adjustable actuators, measured from the beginning (x = 0 mm) of the cylindrical form. (The x axis is the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical form.)
nvn: Thanks for the reply. The way I drew the diagram is a bit misleading in that respect. I just wanted to represent the different sections. It is not literally built the way I drew it. There are actually about 16 seperate sections that make up this form, and they are connected to the air cylinders via some mechanics. Not directly coupled to the forms outer plates. I tried to simplify this in the drawing, and ended up misleading you. I am sorry about that. My main concern is calculating the total "crushing" force the band applies to the form. From that we can define the force each actuator + it's mechanics needs to be able to resist. I hope that helps clarify.
paul11273: Let's say each pair of opposite sectors of the cylindrical form is supported by one adjustable actuator that spans across the entire diameter of the cylindrical form, similar to your diagram, which is a good schematic representation. Let n1 be the number of adjustable actuators. Therefore, n1 = one half of the number of sectors. Therefore, we have, F1 = 2*F2*(L/b)*sin[(90 deg)/n1], where n1 = number of diametrical adjustable actuators = 8, F2 = tensile force in product band = 12.26 N, b = width of product band, L = axial (x-direction) length of cylindrical form per set of eight adjustable actuators, and F1 = compressive force in each adjustable actuator. For example, if there are eight diametrical adjustable actuators supporting each 1104 mm of axial length of the cylindrical form, and the product band width is 95.5 mm, then we have L = 1104 mm, b = 95.5 mm, and n1 = 8. Therefore, we have, F1 = 2*F2*(L/b)*sin[(90 deg)/n1] = 2(12.26 N)[(1104 mm)/(95.5 mm)]*sin[(90 deg)/8] = 55.30 N.


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This pattern is for a sweet bonnet and booties set. Quick to knit, with several options for cuffs on the booties with coordinating hems on the bonnet. The perfect baby shower gift!
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My name is Dave Roberts and I am running for the open seat on the Alta Loma School Board. As a teacher and school principal for the past 37 years, I have the experience, training, background and educational insight to make positive contributions to the Alta Loma School Community.
Throughout my career I have been dedicated in my efforts to represent the best interests highest standards, and educational needs of children. My record of achievement points to the fact that I have been very successful in building learning and teaching environments where children always come first, and teachers are respected and celebrated for their dedication and expertise. That success has also been built on the belief that all stakeholders should have a voice in the decision making process, and that open, honest discussion and collaboration is key to problem solving and in setting direction for the future.
I believe that as a Board member and as a school community, we must be committed to excellence in all that we do, and that we concentrate on PEOPLE, big and little, as the centerpiece of the educational process. I believe too, that we must continually strive toward improvement in the quality of curriculum, and embrace best teaching practices that demonstrate increased student achievement while addressing the needs of their future. We must, as a school community, be agents of change for positive, long lasting improvement of our public schools.
Unfortunately, for the foreseeable future, many challenges face California schools, including Alta Loma School District. State funding for schools, federal and state program reductions, declining enrollment, and penalties contained in No Child Left Behind legislation are all concerns needing to be addressed by our Board, district administration, and the school community. There are no easy or quick fixes. However, I know that by working together, we can meet the challenges that lie ahead and at the same time continue to improve our excellent schools.
I believe that my record of success as a school site principal, my insight and knowledge of the educational community, and my years of hands on experience in California schools, all point toward my ability to make positive contributions to the Alta Loma School Board, the children, and the Alta Loma School Community. Your help in allowing me to make those contributions will be appreciated when you vote for Dave Roberts on November 4th.
Tag Archives: Alta Loma School District board
Pete Peterson, Alta Loma School District board incumbent
Pete Peterson, Alta Loma School District board
My name is Pete Peterson, and I'm a candidate for the Alta Loma School Board. I'm asking for your continued support by re-electing me on November 4th. Students in Alta Loma continue to be among the highest achievers in San Bernardino County as shown by their latest API scores, with a District average of 829. Some schools are close to reaching 900 and I will continue to work towards that goal for all schools.
I am the facilities planner for the Ontario-Montclair School District's Facilities Planning and Operations Department, and have served as Assistant Director since 1998. As a school architect, I have been responsible for the design of new schools and modernization projects. I have owned my own business and know the importance of developing a realistic budget plus hiring and keeping highly qualified staff members. I understand the necessity for providing all employees with competitive salaries and benefits to ensure the continued success of ALSD.
My public service also includes coaching Pony League baseball, serving on the Board of Directors of the Mariposa Women's Center in Orange, CA, being an active PTA parent, and as Chairperson of Alta Loma Junior High School's Site Council. I am a Vietnam Veteran and served six years in the US Navy. I also serve on the West End Special Education Local Planning Area's (WESELPA's) Facility Advisory Council. I served for six years on the State Architect's Advisory Board as the Public School Representative.
The School Board functions as a non-partisan panel that sets the goals and objectives for the District by collaborating with the teachers, parents and administrators. I am proud to have received the endorsements of individuals and groups across the political spectrum as they recognize that my leadership style and decision-making process keeps students first. These endorsements include ALEA (Alta Loma Educators Association), ALSD classified staff members, the San Bernardino County Republican Party, and the Presidents of the teachers' association (OMTA) and the classified members' association (CSEA) for the Ontario-Montclair School District, and three past superintendents of ALSD.
Alta Loma's continued academic success and financial stability requires leaders that make sound decisions based on data and collaboration, and can adapt to changes as they become necessary. The State's budget and declining enrollment will offer some very real challenges over the next few years. Please recommit your support to our students by re-electing me on November 4th. Thank you.
Brad Buller, Alta Loma School District board candidate
I care about our Community. I have been a part of Rancho Cucamonga since 1985 and in the Inland Empire for over 36 years. My wife Susan and I value family, home and community. We have raised our family here and have been very involved in the Alta Loma School District since 1988.
I have a vision for Alta Loma. Having served as the City Planner for the City of Rancho Cucamonga for 20 years, I understand the working process of government and have worked diligently with the private business sector to build our City. My work culminated in the development of Victoria Gardens, a model for other cities in the United States. In addition, I have assisted a wide range of community members to be involved as volunteers with activities that promote community. My knowledge and understanding of budgets and the big picture of public finance will be an asset as we look to future fiscal years for the Alta Loma School District. I am ready to help set the direction for the future of our District.
I support teachers and I am dedicated to students. As an Alta Loma School Board Trustee I believe that every student deserves to have the best education in California. To accomplish this, I believe we must do all that we can to support our hard working teachers. For other core values please visit bradbuller.com.
I believe in working as a team. It takes a team of teachers, district staff, parents, school board, and community friends to help a student grow into an active, contributing member of their local community. The best way to build a team is to listen well, reach out and openly share ideas, identify needs, and prioritize goals.
I work hard with others who work hard. I have always sought ways to bridge community issues with the local schools in Rancho Cucamonga. From orchestrating employee volunteers to becoming reading buddies, to gaining a state-awarded planning curriculum for teaching students the principles of community urban planning, to coaching youth sports, I have dedicated my efforts to student success. I served on the Terra Vista Children's Forum and was also a parent member of the Rancho Cucamonga High School Accreditation Team.
I value the opportunity to serve my community and would appreciate your vote on November 4th for the Alta Loma School District Governing Board.
Vote BRAD BULLER.


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The Wayne and Gladys Valley Foundation has made a grant to support the expansion of Project SEED, the program that teaches concepts in algebra, geometry and calculus to elementary students, Schools Superintendent Gloria Johnston has announced.
Project SEED, a national mathematics program, prepares mathematics specialists to teach in ways that make abstract mathematics easy to understand for students in elementary school. Their traditional programs takes place 14 to 16 weeks a year as an addition to the regular math curriculum. Classroom teachers learn the projects method by observing and participating in the instruction and through one-on-one coaching by the SEED instructor.
All Project SEED instructors have at least a bachelors degree in mathematics, science or engineering, and many hold a masters or doctorate.
Project SEED instructors ask questions about small, understandable bits of complex ideas. As the questions become more complex, so does the understanding. Older students, who may be inhibited by early experiences of failure in learning math, often have more difficulty with this material. Students can respond to virtually every question by using common hand gestures, and by observing these gestures the instructor monitors how well the entire class understands what is being taught. When called upon, individuals are required to explain their answers, and this enhances their verbal skills.
Last year the program reached over 14,000 students at schools in West Contra Costa, Dallas, Detroit, Philadelphia, Camden, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Berkeley, and Oakland.
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JEFFERSON CITY — Missouri tax officials are getting audited.
A new committee of the Missouri Senate will review how the state Department of Revenue interprets, enacts and enforces state tax laws. Senators also plan to look for potential conflicts and inconsistencies. Business organizations and lawmakers have expressed displeasure with the agency.
Senate President Pro Tem Tom Dempsey announced Thursday the committee will be led by Sen. Will Kraus, a Republican from Lee's Summit. Other Republicans serving on the committee are Wayne Wallingford, of Cape Girardeau; Bob Dixon, of Springfield; Ed Emery, of Rogersville; and Eric Schmitt, of Glendale. The Democratic members are Scott Sifton, of Affton, and Paul LeVota, of Independence.


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Item 1. | CIR./DIST./DIV. CODE: This six-character location code is the circuit, district and divisional office codes for the court where the proceedings whom the person represented are held. |
Item 2. | PERSON REPRESENTED: Give the full name of the person whom you were appointed to represent. |
Items 3-6: | DOCKET NUMBERS: Provide the case number assigned by the court. Enter the number using the last two digits of the calendar year (YY), the sequential number assigned by the court (NNNNN), and the defendant number (DDD), as shown in the indictment or charging document. Thus, the format of the docket number is YY-NNNNN-DDD. Note: If two or more cases are heard or tried together for the person represented, complete a separate voucher for each case in which representation is provided (i.e., for each docket number listed). Prorate the total time among the cases. On the supporting documentation, cross reference the voucher number of all related claims for which costs are prorated. |
Item 7: | IN CASE/MATTER OF (CASE NAME): In criminal cases, enter U.S.
vs. Defendant's Name. If it is a multiple defendant case, give the
case cite as provided on the indictment (e.g., U.S. vs. Lead
Defendant's Name, et al). If this is a habeas corpus proceeding, enter
the Name of the Petitioner vs. the Name of the
Respondent and include the respondent's title. |
Item 8. | TYPE PERSON REPRESENTED: Check the box that defines the legal status of the person represented. |
Item 9. | REPRESENTATION TYPE: Check one of the following types of
D1 Habeas corpus (capital) petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, seeking to vacate or set aside a state death sentence; D2 Federal capital prosecution, either trial or direct appeal; D3 Habeas corpus (capital) petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 seeking to vacate or set aside a federal death sentence; or D4 Death penalty prosecution in federal court under a state statute or any authority other than the United States Code. ATTORNEY'S NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS AND NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS OF LAW FIRM: Complete Item 11 with the legal name and address of the attorney appointed to represent the person whose name is shown in Item 2. If prior to your appointment for representation, you had a pre-existing agreement with a law firm or corporation, including a professional corporation, indicating that CJA earnings belong to the law firm or corporation, rather than to the court-appointed attorney/payee, provide the Name and Mailing address of that law firm or corporation in Item 13. This information will allow earnings to be reported to the Internal Revenue (IRS) on a 1099 Statement as earnings of the law firm or corporation and not as the earnings of the attorney appointed. (Note: Information about a pre-existing agreement, including the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) of the law firm or corporation, should be provided to the court staff when the attorney is admitted to the panel or at initial appointment to a case.) |
Item 10. | OFFENSE(S) CHARGED: If the case is a capital prosecution in federal court, cite the U. S. Code, title and section, or other code citation of all charges up to five. List all death-eligible charges first. If the case is a direct appeal of a federal prosecution, list all offenses for which the defendant was convicted. |
Item 11/13 | If the court approves interim payments because of the conditions stated in Box "D," the court should check this box. The presiding judicial officer or clerk of court must sign and date this court order to validate the appointment. Check statement "E," if full or partial repayment was ordered by the court from the person represented at the time of the appointment. If services were provided prior to court appointment, the presiding judicial officer can ratify the previous service by indicating a "nunc pro tunc" date that covers the services prior to appointment. No other court order is necessary. |
Item 12 | COURT ORDER: Check the box that describes the type of counsel appointed. If appointed as a substitute counsel, give the name of the previous counsel and the appointment date. If appointed as a "Standby Counsel," attach the court order establishing this type of appointment in accordance with paragraph 2.17 of the CJA Guidelines. Specific qualifications are required for all counsel appointed to provide representation in death penalty cases. See 21 U.S.C. § 848 (q)(5)- (7) and 18 U.S.C. § 3005. The remaining portion of the Item will be completed by the clerk of court or other court-designated person. |
Item 14. | STAGE OF PROCEEDING: Check the box that corresponds to the stage of proceeding for services claimed in Item 15 even if it is anticipated that the work will be used in connection with a later stage of the proceeding. CHECK ONLY ONE BOX. Submit a separate voucher for each stage of proceeding. NOTE: The stage noted as "Other" under "Other Proceeding" should be used only for a petition for presidential pardon or clemency, or other proceeding that cannot fit within the other described categories. |
Item 15. | CLAIM FOR SERVICES--CATEGORIES FOR HOURS AND COMPENSATION: On
the applicable lines "a" through "j" enter the actual time spent in hours
and tenths of hours. Total the number of hours in out-of-court categories
"b" - "j" and enter the total in the "HOURS CLAIMED" column where
required. Multiply the total hours for in-court and out-of-court time by
the allowable compensation rate. Enter the amount claimed in the "TOTAL
AMOUNT CLAIMED" column for category "a", and for categories "b" - "j."
NOTE: Indicate "Other Dispositive Motions" only for work related to
a motion to dismiss, motion for summary judgment, or similar motion to end
the entire habeas corpus proceeding. If services included in-court
hearings of one hour each on separate dates, enter two hours on the form
and attach a sheet indicating one hour for each of the two dates.
Any mathematical or technical adjustments to your claim during the judicial approval process or an additional review will be indicated in the columns provided on the form under the heading "FOR COURT USE ONLY." |
Item 16. | TRAVEL EXPENSES: Travel related expenses that are incidental to the representation (e.g., transportation, lodging, meals, car rental, parking, bridge, road and tunnel tolls, etc.) must be itemized on a separate sheet, indicating dates the expense was incurred. Attach supporting documentation (receipts, canceled checks, etc.) for all travel expenses. Travel expenses by privately owned automobile, motorcycle, or aircraft should be claimed at the rate in effect for federal employees at the time of travel. For overnight travel, reasonable expenses for lodging and meals will be reimbursed on an actual expense basis; per diem is not allowed. Counsel should be guided by prevailing limitations for travel and subsistence expenses of federal employees. The clerk of court can advise you on applicable rates and federal government travel regulations. |
Item 17. | OTHER EXPENSES: Itemize all reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses
incidental to the representation. Provide dates and a brief description of
the expense. Submit supporting documentation (a receipt, canceled check,
etc.) for single item expenses in excess of $50. Reimbursable expenses may
include, in some circumstances, payments to a law student or law clerks
for research and assistance, and the cost of computer assisted legal
research (CALR) when conducted by counsel. See paragraph 2.31 and 3.15 of
the CJA Guidelines for an explanation. Fees and expenses for expert
attorney and other consultants in death penalty cases should be authorized
and claimed on a CJA Form 31. The following are not reimbursable expenses,
and should not be claimed: 1. General office overhead, such as rent, telephone services, and secretarial services. 2. Expenses for items of a personal nature for the client (e.g., clothes, haircuts). 3. The cost of printing briefs. However, the cost of photocopying or similar copying service is reimbursable. 4. Fact witness fees, witness travel costs, and expenses for service of subpoenas. These expenses are not paid out of the CJA appropriation, but instead are paid by the Department of Justice pursuant to Fed. R. Crim. P. 17 and 28 U.S.C. § 1825. Contact the United States Marshal for payment procedures. See paragraph 3.13 of the CJA Guidelines for guidance on payment of witness fees generally. 5. Filing fees. These fees are waived for persons proceeding under the CJA. 6. The cost of allowable investigative, expert, or other services. (See Chapters III and VI of the CJA Guidelines) such services should be requested using a CJA Form 31.
Item 18. | CERTIFICATION OF ATTORNEY/PAYEE FOR PERIOD OF SERVICE: The person appointed by the court must certify dates of service for the representation. Indicate where required, the date range for the services claimed on the voucher. |
Item 19. | APPOINTMENT TERMINATION DATE, IF OTHER THAN CASE COMPLETION: If the appointment is discontinued by order of the court (i.e., substituted counsel or reasons other than disposition of the defendant's case such as fugitive defendant, appointment of a public defender, or retention of counsel by defendant), give the effective date for termination of appointment. |
Item 20. | CASE DISPOSITION: Indicate case disposition for the person represented. Select applicable code from the table below. |
Proceeding | Type of Disposition | Code |
District Court Criminal and Other Proceedings | Dismissed | 1 |
Acquitted by court, or government motion for judgment of acquittal granted | 2 | |
Acquitted by jury | 3 | |
Convicted/final plea guilty | 4 | |
Convicted/final plea nolo | 5 | |
Convicted/court trial | 8 | |
Convicted/jury trial | 9 | |
Mistrial | C | |
Not Guilty/insane/court trial | E | |
Guilty/insane/court trial | F | |
Not guilty/insane/jury trial | G | |
Guilty/insane/jury trial | H | |
Other (PTD matters, other reps. Transfers ,etc) | X | |
Appeals | Affirmed | A |
Reversed | R | |
Remanded | 0 | |
Reversed in Part/Affirmed in Part | RA | |
Affirmed in Part/Reversed in Part | AR | |
Dismissed | 1 | |
Habeas/Petitions/Writs | Granted | GR |
Denied | DE |
Item 21. | CLAIM STATUS: Indicate, by checking the appropriate box, whether the voucher is (1) the final payment for the services, (2) an interim payment, or (3) a supplemental payment (an additional claim submitted after a final payment is made). If an interim payment, indicate the payment number. Complete the remaining portion of Item 21, and sign and date the affirmation statement before submitting the claim for court approval. |
Items 22-27a. | APPROVED FOR PAYMENT--COURT USE ONLY: The presiding judicial officer will indicate the amount approved for each major category. These amounts will reflect mathematical or technical adjustments to your claim. The total amount approved for payment of the claim, less any amounts withheld for interim payment, is reflected in the "TOTAL AMOUNT APPROVED." The "SIGNATURE OF THE PRESIDING JUDICIAL OFFICER" is required to effect payment of the claim. The JUDGE CODE will be provided by the court staff. |


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23rd February 2011, 03:13 PM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jun 2004
Location: bs.as.
what I need for safe use mercury rectifier
Hello I build in last years lots of tubes amps. and always use 5u4, 5y3, az41, etc for rectifier.
Never use mercury rectifier because i´read out there in the web, "mercury rectifier is very dangerous" Today I´find NOS Philips AX50 mercury rectifier; and my question is: _Why is more dangerous than 5u4g? (i´now mercury, but why?) _what I need for safe use mercury tube? thanks. Alejo |
23rd February 2011, 03:17 PM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: May 2007
I am not an expert, but I suggest:
1. never break it, as mercury vapour is poisonous. 2. shield the UV it emits when operating. 3. read the datasheet and obey any warnings and limitations. |
23rd February 2011, 04:47 PM | #3 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Denmark
You don't want to use Mercury vapor rectifiers, even if you think you do. Using them for audio is dumb. They are in my view the hallmark and signature of inexperience.
True, they emit a pretty blue glow, but they are really, Really, *REALLY* noisy rectifiers. They make enough noise that back in the day you could literally hear in your AM broadcast radio receiver if the radio amateur next door keyed his Morse code transmitter. The Mercury vapor rectifiers acts as wide band audio and RF noise generators when they are conducting. This is not switching noise, it happens even if they only conduct DC. That said, if you insist, then: *) Mercury vapor rectifier tubes cannot really take high peak currents when used as AC rectifiers. So you usually use them in choke input filters. Any input capacitor in cap input filters needs to be really small, on the order of a few uF. The data sheet will tell you more. If it doesn't say anything, then it is assumed you will only use choke input. *) They need a pre-heating time. Meaning you apply heater power to the rectifiers for several minutes before you apply the high AC voltage. This is to allow the Mercury inside the rectifiers time to fully evaporate before switching on. Doubly important if the tubes has been moved or shaken since last time they had power applied. *) When hot the tubes contains a fair amount of Mercury vapor. As opposed to ordinary, liquid Mercury at room temperature this stuff is fairly nasty. If you accidentally break a rectifier while power is applied, the vapor will immediately disperse in your living room. It will be impossible to avoid inhaling some of it, or prevent getting Mercury all over the place. So condemn your house, and build a new one. Much safer for your family that way. Check symptoms for Mercury poisoning, they are quite entertaining. *) When Silicon rectifiers of reasonable voltage rating was introduced, there was a stampede of radio amateurs away from Mercury rectifiers. With good reason I'd say. Sorry to be the bringer of bad news. However I'd rather say this now before you build anything with them, and then post photos, asking for comments.
Team Thermionic |
23rd February 2011, 04:49 PM | #4 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2002
Location: Lindau
MV rectifiers need to be preheated before the high voltage is applied. Allow up to 1 min with just the filament voltage until the mercury is vaporized. Then apply HV. Thomas
http://vinylsavor.blogspot.com/ |
23rd February 2011, 05:02 PM | #5 |
diyAudio Moderator
The biggest problems of all are when one inadvertently gets broken, there is sufficient elemental mercury in a cold tube to constitute a significant environmental and hence health hazard. Clean up depending on the surface it spills on can be problematic, in any event it is usually recommended that a local hazzmat specialist do the clean up. There are recommended clean up procedures for fluorescent lamps which generally contain a lot less mercury afaik.
The worst case scenario might be if an operating tube got broken and the vapor escaped because it will quickly condense leaving micro-droplets of mercury on everything it touches. I was given a bunch of 866 rectifiers, I don't plan to use them, in fact I will return them at some point to the original owner. The two things I try to avoid having in my house are MV rectifiers and PCB filled oil caps..
"Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence." - Carl Sagan |
23rd February 2011, 06:56 PM | #6 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Oct 2004
I was thinking of using Mercury rectifiers when I came accross with this thread.There is no safe use with MVRs
Audio Asylum Thread Printer |
25th February 2011, 02:54 PM | #7 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jun 2004
Location: bs.as.
This confirms my suspicions, it is very dangerous for me. I will not use them. thank you all for your responses.
Alejo |
25th February 2011, 08:42 PM | #8 |
diyAudio Member
The only thing that Hg diodes have going for them is glowey bottle kewelness. Back in "the day", they were used for applications requiring high PRV, high currents, and superior voltage regulation. These days, all of this is available with silicon that does not require another hole in the chassis, a special, low voltage, high current, and insulated to stand up to 10KV filament xfmr.
Like the OP explained, Hg diodes are liable to RF parasitics (since it's a glow discharge, it has negative resistance) require preheating (~30 secs if the Hg hasn't been disturbed since last power down, ~30mins if it has -- otherwise poofage due to having Hg droplets bridging the anode and cathode is a distinct possibility). Too much bother. One thing that you don't have to worry about is UV, since glass is opaque to UV (only fused quartz is transparent to UV, and is standard for UV sources). If you just have to have that glowey bottle goodness, look into substituting xenon diodes for the Hg vapor variety. You will still have to deal with that RF parasitic problem, however. Personally, I'd say t'hellwiddit. If you can't do it with vacuum diode(s) you're better off going Si instead. |
26th February 2011, 06:16 AM | #9 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2002
Location: Lindau
Reports of the danger and RF hash of MV rectifiers are exagerating. Of course one should be extremely careful not to break the glass as mercury is hazardous. I remember the times when mercury was common in thermometers. I remeber these things also falling on the floor and the mercury beeing spilled. I even saw this happen in a hospital once. No clean up team had to come to remove the spill. And the people vitnessing this are still alive Also many people claim MV tubes provide much better sound than vacuum rectifiers. I used 866As a lot. RF is not really an issue in a well laid out PSU. I wrote about a 866A PSU here: VinylSavor: Single Ended Amplifier Concept, Part 5 Best regards Thomas
http://vinylsavor.blogspot.com/ |
26th February 2011, 07:38 AM | #10 |
diyAudio Member
there's an important difference between breaking an MV rectifier or a Hg thermometer... In the former case, the Hg is vaporized! It would spread around the room in litterally seconds. People would need to hold their breath and clear the house immediately and then wait outside for hours or days until all the vapor has deposited on surfaces (which then need to be cleaned ). In the latter case, the droplets can just be collected on a piece of paper and discarded. Liquid mercury would only release some vapor when left lying on the floor for weeks. Remember you could drink a thermometer and not get poisoned; the vapour reaching the lungs is where poisoning takes place. Tip: a rather cool looking high-vacuum diode with high PIV, cheap too, is the U19/CV187... Kenneth
Never send a human to do a machine's job. --Agent Smith |
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This specification covers two types and two grades of 2- and 3-wire, uncoated weldless steel and strand for use in pretensioned and posttensioned prestressed concrete construction. One specimen for test shall be taken from each production lot of finished strand and tested for breaking strength, yield strength and elongation. Strands of Grades 250 and 270 shall conform to specified breaking strength and yield strength requirements. Low relaxation strand shall also be tested as prescribed.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers two types and two grades of 2-wire and 3-wire, uncoated steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. The two types of strand are low-relaxation and stress-relieved (normal-relaxation). Low-relaxation is to be regarded as the standard type. Stress-relieved (normal-relaxation) strand will not be furnished unless specifically ordered. The two grades are 250 [1725] and 270 [1860]. Grades 250 [1725] and 270 [1860] have minimum tensile strengths of 250 ksi [1725 MPa] and 270 ksi [1860 MPa] respectively, based on the nominal area of the strand.
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A910) or in SI units (as Specification A910M).
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
A1061/A1061M Test Methods for Testing Multi-Wire Steel Strand
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MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and StorageFederal Standard
Fed.Std.No.123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)ICS Code
ICS Number Code 77.140.15 (Steels for reinforcement of concrete)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 31152207(Prestressed concrete steel wire)
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ASTM A910 / A910M-12, Standard Specification for Uncoated, Weldless, 2-Wire and 3-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org
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Date | Type | Category | Affiliation | Detained |
2009-12-01 22:10 | Friendly Action | Cache Found/Cleared | FRIEND | 0 |
Enemy | Friend | Civilian | Host nation | |
Killed in action | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wounded in action | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2/1 12:002
WHO: 3-46th IA (Unilateral)
WHAT: Cache
WHERE: al Azizia IVO LE 872 122
HOW: 3-46 found a cache near al Azizia IVO LE 872 122, whose contents were brought back to 3-46 BN HQ. The cache consists of:
1x RPG Launcher
2x RPG-7 (1x old, 1x very new)
4x pineapple grenades
7x grenade fuses
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S-2 ASSESSMENT: S-2 ASSESSMENT: In previous activity RPG-7s have been used by the ISI with the help of the Abassi Early Warning Network in Hawijah. The network uses the lights of the Mosque to signal the ISI direct action cell that CF/ISF are coming. This explains why RPG attacks typically happen in the same sector of SW Hawijah. The grenade fuses may indicate that there is a bomb maker in that area as they have been used as detonators for HMEs. This find will not significantly affect enemy activity.
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Tracking number: 20091201223038SLE8720012200
Attack on: FRIEND
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I think we can actually allow ourselves to believe that the good weather's here to stay for a while, and that we really can start to plan some extensive shooting days in the field, without needing to wear full weather-protection gear...
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- Publisher: Codemasters
- Release Date: Oct 23, 2007
- Also On: PC, PlayStation 3
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Remember this kids, Clive Barker Mercury Steam and Codemasters have formed together to make what is in my mind one of the best shooters this year.
Its slick style, amazing graphics, and dark atmosphere really make it stand out.
Considering the subject material there are not many other games like it (F.E.A.R.) and the unique character-switching feature helps it pick up a few points. The nice variation in weapons and magical powers also keeps the average gameplay from getting too boring.
Clive Barker's Jericho doesn't provide the same degree of deep and engaging gameplay as Undying, opting instead for a more accessible, mainstream adventure that can be frightening at best, and repetitive at worst. Still, the game has no shortage of action and intensity.
I would've enjoyed more variety in the enemy fodder, but what's available is certainly creepy and intense. Clive Barker should develop more games. [Nov 2007, p.65]
Unlike many squad-based shooters that don't require the use of the whole team, Jericho's premise relies on it. What's equally important is that each character is genuinely worth playing.
If you are a fan of Clive Barker's works, or in fact a horror fan, then Jericho should be a priority for you.
A flawed classic. Jericho is stylish, with epic battling, unique gameplay dynamics and satisfying weapons. But variable visuals, too many QTEs and a poor ending leave it wanting. [Issue 26, p.88]
It provides gamers with a creepy, action-packed experience with a solid plot and unique designs. No one should go into Jericho expecting the "Citizen Kane" of gaming, just like no one expects a slasher flick to win an Oscar. Instead, Jericho should be enjoyed for what it is: an interactive horror experience, good for some chills, thrills and a little bit of ye old gore factor thrown in for good measure.
A solid shooter marred by poor design. Excellent visuals and some fine FPS gameplay are to be had in Jericho, but I wouldn't pay full price for it.
High-concept and high-action from beginning to end, Jericho is far closer to "Gears of War" and "Painkiller" than to "Condemned", but it's darker and gorier than all three combined. [Holiday 2007, p.66]
It won't scare you, but Jericho is an enjoyably slick and bloody shoot-'em-up. [Dec 2007, p.75]
Jericho is definitely a case of inventive design married all-too-unhappily to old school thinking, and the result is a game that is almost fatally broken.
With no replay value of any kind and no cooperative or multiplayer action at all, Jericho is practically begging me to tell my readers that this game is only worth a rental.
Jericho is not a bad game it's just one that lost its way slightly during development. The ability to jump into other team members bodies and harness their powers is a good idea let down slightly by poor implementation and a claustrophobic level design.
Not nasty enough and not scary at all. [Dec 2007, p.92]
With its unique squad-based focus and the huge combat variety on offer, it breaks plenty of new ground for the genre - and were it not for a few rough edges would have been bordering on essential.
Ultimately, considering the overwhelming strength of recent FPS arrivals, Clive Barker's Jericho is likely to sink into the gaming Abyss with God's diabolical Firstborn... never to be seen again.
Jericho is clever enough for a good time with a FPS, however as anything else Jericho should trade in this blood gushing festival of carnage for jelly donuts.
Poor level design poisons Jericho's awesome but unrealized potential.
The game combines a tired formula of spawning wave after wave of mindless enemies in the same room with you with the clumsily-executed 'squad-based' combat, which is enough to stave off any fan of the genre aside from stout Barker fans in it for the intriguing but sadly unrealised plot.
Clive Barker's Jericho will likely appeal to a certain group of gamers just from the implied pedigree, but the truth is that the uninspired gameplay, linear levels, horrid AI, and merely average presentation values keep this game from ever gripping you like any of Clive's movies.
If the developers had given this game another six to eight months in development, the game could have been a solid shooter; unfortunately it ends up just being an average one.
Overall, Clive Barker's Jericho is somewhat of a disappointment. I was hoping for another great horror game just in time for the Halloween season but this was not the case as the storyline and character design is not enough to save this game which is flawed on many different levels.
Jericho is a title with great ideas. The squad-switching mechanic works very well, the various magic abilities are mostly sound and the plot is potentially very interesting. However, great ideas don't make up for shoddy execution, and Jericho just isn't a $60 game. It's far too short and easy, and the complete lack of any post-game content is almost unforgivable.
If broken gameplay mechanics and community college acting didn't weigh down the game, it might actually be worthwhile.
Jericho works really hard to build up a tense and involving game environment, but then can't quite deliver the game to match. Confusing at the points where it needs to be clear and, only sporadically showing glimpses of what should have been, Jericho is a perfectly reasonable experience, but hardly essential.
Jericho's gameplay comes off as a decidedly "lather, rinse, repeat" affair where you enter a new area, kill the monsters that spawn and run at you and then move onto the next area and perform the monotonous experience all over again.
Jericho doesn't really bring anything new to the gaming world.
On one hand it's a near-broken video game, packed full of so many gaming no-nos that it ought never to be spoken about again, but on the other it's original, atmospheric and sickeningly good fun.
Beneath the mangled exterior of clumsy control methods and weak characterisation there is a great idea here and had the game been given a few months longer in development it could have had these annoyances ironed out.
In Jericho there was the potential for an atmospheric game packed with terror, wonder and invention. Unfortunately, all we get is a very standard shooter with a number of annoying failings, sitting atop an undoubtedly original premise.
Jericho is way too ambitious and it hurts on every side. While not broken, it's poorly designed and dull, from spawning enemies making the tactical play irrelevant, to a horror story that, despite its charm and intricacies, just isn't scary. Jericho may be art, but not all art is good.
Instead of getting caught up in the struggle against a demonic force that threatens the continued existence of your race, you're left with tacked-on squad elements, poor friendly and enemy AI, repetitive encounters, and unabashedly linear levels. Jericho has a few memorable moments, but they're not worth the cash.
Clive Barker's Jericho is the type of game that would have made an impact a decade ago. Its onslaught of enemies is far more reminiscent of old-school shooters like Quake, and if that's your bag then you should be able to at least marginally enjoy what Jericho brings to the table.
The sheer number of things that had to go wrong to keep Clive Barker's Jericho from being a raging success is almost unbelievable, because when it comes right down to it, this game had the makings of a real hit. The fact that the credits roll at the exact same moment you finally find yourself on the edge of your seat cements the overall feeling of incompleteness the game gives off from the beginning.
Publisher Codemasters didn't complement Barker's original story with an enjoyable video game.
The game's failure to monopolise on its squad dynamic relegates it to a shooter-by-numbers, and its appeal is then further undercut by the fact that, while Barker clearly has a sense for the grotesque, it is the only note that Jericho plays. [Dec 2007, p.91]
Clive Barker's Jericho is a mish-mash of great concepts and stupid design choices.
A story that took you into twisted, deranged, decrepit worlds that just yearned for some fantastic art direction and varied, interesting level design - you didn't get any.
Deep down, Jericho clearly has the right idea. However, the implementation - which feels half-hearted at times - really lets it down.
Given how much repetition is in the game, one would think it was much longer than its six to eight hour length. The lack of any kind of multiplayer hurts it further. And the final stake to the heart is the appallingly abrupt and inconclusive ending.
Everything it tries to do, it fails—from the beginning to the abrupt and anti-climactic ending.
Jericho is a mess of a shooter with nonexistant A.I., frustrating timed events, vague puzzles, and PS1-style load times. [Dec 2007, p.107]
The action and violence are satisfying enough to make the game marginally recommendable, but only barely. Add in the complete lack of any multiplayer options, a terrible ending, and Clive Barker's Jericho feels like a game where the good parts are overwhelmed by the shortcomings.
Also worthy of note: the stupid, unforgiving, scripted button-tapping events (think God of War, only terrible). The only reason these do not throw me into a fit of vein-bursting rage is that you can retry them infinitely.
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