text:
Nitrogen, the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, is found in a variety of gaseous and particulate forms. The overwhelming amount in air (79 percent of air by volume or 4.6×1012 tons) is present as relatively inert nitrogen gas, N2. However, the oxidation of nitrogen by bacteria, lightning, organic protein decay, and high temperature combustion and chemical processing causes the appearance of nitrogen in a variety of compounds. The most important, because of health effects and reactivity, are: NO (nitric oxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), NH3 (ammonia) and to a lesser extent N2O (nitrous oxide).
Nitrous oxide, a colorless and odorless gas, has been used as an anesthetic (laughing gas). It is present in the atmosphere in concentrations averaging about 0.25 ppm (Junge 1963, Bates and Hays 1967). There are no direct pollutant sources of N2O, although it may be an indirect and minor product of NO2 photolysis with sunlight and hydrocarbons. The in-
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Nitrogen Compounds
Nitrogen, the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, is found in a variety of gaseous and particulate forms. The overwhelming amount in air (79 percent of air by volume or 4.6×1012 tons) is present as relatively inert nitrogen gas, N2. However, the oxidation of nitrogen by bacteria, lightning, organic protein decay, and high temperature combustion and chemical processing causes the appearance of nitrogen in a variety of compounds. The most important, because of health effects and reactivity, are: NO (nitric oxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), NH3 (ammonia) and to a lesser extent N2O (nitrous oxide).
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Nitrous oxide, a colorless and odorless gas, has been used as an anesthetic (laughing gas). It is present in the atmosphere in concentrations averaging about 0.25 ppm (Junge 1963, Bates and Hays 1967). There are no direct pollutant sources of N2O, although it may be an indirect and minor product of NO2 photolysis with sunlight and hydrocarbons. The in-
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
terest in N2O is not in the troposphere (ground level to 8–15 km) where it is practically inert but in photodissociation reactions in the stratosphere. Bates and Hays (1967) indicate that the dissociation of N2O into NO and atomic nitrogen accounts for about 20 percent of the dissociation in the stratosphere. The NO thus formed provides an important sink reaction for ozone.
Ammonia (NH3)
As an industrial emission, ammonia is produced mainly from coal and oil combustion but natural production from biological generation over land and ocean is many times greater than that from anthropogenic sources (250 to 1). NH3's importance is the significant role it plays in atmospheric reactions in both the nitrogen and sulfur cycles. Nearly three-fourths of the NH3 is converted to ammonium ion condens ed in droplets or particles. These aerosols are then subject to the physical removal mechan isms of coagulation, washout, rainout and dry deposition.
In general, ambient background concentrations of NH3 vary directly with the intensity of biological activity. The highest concentrations occur in the summer and in the tropical latitudes. Concentrations, as reported by many investigators, range from 1 to 10 ppb (Strauss 1972).
Nitric Oxide-Nitrogen Dioxide
NO, a colorless, odorless gas, is formed naturally from the nitrates in various materials by bacteria and then is oxidized to NO2 (Peterson 1956).
Altschuller (1958) and others have reported very hazardous conditions for farm workers near closed silos where NO→NO2 bacterial production has resulted in toxic concentrations of several hundred ppm of NO2.
Organic nitrogen compounds are found in
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
coal and oil in concentrations of a few tenths to a few percent by weight. Bituminous coal contains 1–2 percent nitrogen, and United States crude oil approximately 0.05–0.5 percent nitrogen (Demski et al. 1973).
Natural gas, while containing up to 4 percent nitrogen gas, does not contain any significant organic nitrogen (Perry et al. 1963). Because organic nitrogen compounds have relatively high molecular weights, they tend to be concentrated in the residual and heavy oil fractions during distillation.
Nitrogen oxides are produced during combustion by the oxidation of organic nitrogen compounds in fossil fuels and by the thermal fixation of atmospheric nitrogen gas, N2.
The primary sources of NO and NO2 as pollutants are combustion processes in which temperatures are high enough to fix N in the air and fuel, and in which the quenching of combustion is rapid enough to reduce decomposition back to N2 and O2. The predominant product of this high temperature combustion is NO. During combustion, approximately 5–40 percent of the nitrogen in coal, and 20 to 100 percent of the nitrogen in oil is oxidized to nitrogen oxides (see Chapter 15).
NO is subsequently oxidized to NO2 either in the stack gas or, to a lesser extent, in the diluted plume. Once the NO has been diluted to 1 ppm (1230 μg/m3) or less, the direct reactions with O2 do not contribute significantly to NO2 formation (USEPA 1971). However, the reaction of NO with tropospheric ambient concentrations of O3 (ozone) to form NO2 is rapid. It is believed that the almost everpresent background concentrations of O3 will yield NO2 predominance over NO, although some researchers have reported higher NO than NO2 concentrations in remote areas (Lodge and Pate 1960, Ripperton et al. 1970).
NO2 is removed from the atmosphere either by further O3 oxidation to a nitrous salt or by the more favored conversion to HNO3 in the presence of water vapor. The HNO3 is then rapidly removed by reactions with NH3 and absorption by hygroscopic particles (Strauss 1972)
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Nitrogen Oxides
Global Emissions
To estimate the total annual emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), emission factors have been applied to the fuel usage of several sources (Robinson and Robbins 1968). According to Robinson and Robbins, the annual production in 1967 was about 53×106 tons with coal combustion contributing the majority, 51 percent, followed by petroleum production and combustion contributing 41 percent. Natural gas combustion on a world-wide basis is comparatively less important (4 percent). However, it should be noted that on a local or regional basis, it could be the major source of NOx. (It should also be noted that these figures include combustion sources only since careful surveys of industrial process losses had not been undertaken at the time these estimates were prepared.) See Table 14–1.
National Emissions
Anthropogenic sources in the United States produce nearly 50 percent of the world's NOx emissions (USEPA 1971). While emissions from human activities amount to far less than the estimated 50×107 tons of NOx emitted annually from natural sources (USEPA 1971), the spatial concentration of emissions in urban areas leads to concentrations of NOx 10 to 100 times higher than those in non-urban atmospheres.
Fuel combustion is the major cause of anth ropogenic NOx emissions in the United States (See Figure 14–12). In 1972, coal, oil, natural gas and motor-vehicle fuel combustion contributed over 86 percent of the estimated 24.6 million tons of NOx emitted in the United States. Stationary area and point sources account for approximately 64 percent of all the NOx. Direct stationary fuel combustion is the largest source
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
World-Wide Urban Emissions of Nitrogen Dioxide
NO2 Emissions (106 Tons)
% Total
Sub %
Power Generation
Refinery Production
Fuel Oil
Residual Oil
Power Generation
Forest Fires
Source: Modified from Robinson and Robbins (1968).
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
category (49.7 percent) with coal as the single largest contributor of NOx in this group.
Gasoline powered vehicles are the overwhelming source of transportation-related NOx contributing 32 percent of all NOx and 82 percent of the transportation NOx.
Significant quantities of NOx are emitted from industrial processes, primarily the manufacturing and use of nitric acid and refining of petroleum. On a local scale, electroplating, engraving, welding, and metal cleaning are responsible for industrial NOx emissions which may also be significant. In 1972, industrial process losses accounted for 2.9 million tons of NOx, or 11.7 percent of total nationwide emissions.
Overall, about 77 percent of the total NOx emissions occur in highly populated areas. Eighty percent of stationary source emissions occur in populated areas as do 71 percent of motor vehicle emissions.
The 1972 NOx emissions for the Nation will be defined in greater detail in the following section.
There has been a steady growth of NOx nationwide emissions. The decade of the sixties witnessed a greater increase in emissions than the previous two decades (see Table 14–2).
NITROGEN OXIDES: Estimated Total Nationwide Emissions (106 tons) (USEPA 1974)
Over the past three decades, total nationwide emissions are estimated to have quadrupled. During this period, emissions from motor vehicles have increased at a steady rate of 4.6 to 4.9 percent per year. Emissions from stationary sources, however, have contributed progressively increasing proportions. Total NOx
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
emissions from power plants have increased at an annual rate of 6.9 to 7.4 percent.
Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations
Controversy and uncertainty about NOx measurement methods have made reliable urban NO and NO2 concentration data almost as scarce as the remote area data. Global remote measurements show NO2 variations with growing season, latitude, and altitude. Lodge and Pate (1966) reported average dry season values of 0.9 ppb and wet season values at 3.6 ppb NO2 in Panama. Junge reported in 1966 measured NO2 concentrations averaging 0.9 ppb in Florida and 1.3 ppb at 10,000 foot high Mauna Kea, Hawaii (Junge 1956). In the continental U.S., several investigators found NO2 values in the 4 ppb range and NO concentrations about 50 percent lower at 2 ppb (Hamilton et al. 1968, Ripperton et al. 1970).
Based upon the estimated global background levels and the annual emissions rates, the average residence time of NO2 in the atmosphere is about 3 days and that of NO is about 4 days. Residence times of atmospheric pollutants reflect the action of natural scavenging processes including photochemical reactions. Figure 14–1 provides a flow diagram summary of the atmospheric NO-NO2 cycle.
The spatial and temporal variations in ambient NO2 concentrations are great. Not surprisingly, the highest concentrations are found in urban regions. Measurements of NO2 have been taken since 1961 through the CAMP and SCAN programs of EPA (formerly NAPCA). However, there is now considerable uncertainty regarding ambient levels and trends for NOx. Although an EPA study of CAMP data for 5 cities reported slight increases in ambient NOx for 1962–1971, the data were obtained by the Jacobs-Hochheiser method for NOx analysis, which has been shown to overestimate ambient NOx levels at low concentrations (CEQ 1975). Thus, these NOx data must be viewed with caution. (See Appendix 14-B)
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
FIGURE 14–1: Nitrogen Oxide Cycle in the Atmosphere (106 Tons/Year).
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
The National Air Surveillance Network (NASN) program for measuring NOx by a modified Jacobs-Hochheiser method was started in 1972 and it will be several years before the program can provide useful trend data on ambient NOx levels.
EPA has suspended all Air Quality Control Regions priority classifications based on NOx. However, regions where the standards for NO2 are believed to be exceeded are Los Angeles, Chicago, and Baltimore, and possible, New York-New Jersey-Connecticut, Salt Lake City, and Denver.
In spite of the uncertainties in the absolute values, there are NOx data available to indicate the general yearly trends in a few areas. The trends in CAMP observations of nitrogen dioxide are provided in Table 14–3. With the exception of Chicago, annual avenge nitric oxide concentrations of the period 1967–1971 are consistently higher than those of the period 1962–1966.
Annual nitrogen dioxide (NO2) averages show a greater variability among cities than do the nitric oxide averages, and the trends for nitrogen dioxide do not parallel those of nitric oxide. It is not clear whether this deviation is a result of instrument variation, or whether it can be attributed to differences in atmospheric conversion rates in various cities (NAS 1974).
Monitoring data for NO and NO2 in New Jersey cities presented in Figure 14–2 suggest that a pattern of change similar to that observed in the CAMP cities has occurred at these locations. Maximum monthly averages of nitric oxide appear to have increased after 1971, while the levels of NO2 have remained essentially constant over the same period.
In Los Angeles County there has been a direct relationship between increasing NOx emissions and the reported annual average one hour concentrations of NO2. Between 1965 and 1972, NOx emissions have increased in L.A. County at an annual average rate of 3.8 percent per year. The annual average of the maximum hourly average total NOx concentrations has increased approximately 3.2 percent per year from 1965 to
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Nitrogen Dioxide Trends in CAMP Cities 1962–71 (National Academy of Sciences 1974)
Average NO concentration, ppm
Average NO2 concentration, ppm
St. Louis
*The unusually high NO concentration for Philadelphia in 1967–71 is discussed in the section of this chapter on U.S. Nitrogen Oxide Emissions.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
FIGURE 14–2: Maximum Monthly Average Concentrations of Nitrogen Oxides in Three New Jersey Cities (National Academy of Sciences 1974).
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Gillespie, G.R., A.A.Boyum, and M.F.Collins (1971) Catalytic Purification of Nitric Acid Tail Gas: A New Approach, paper presented at 64th AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, December.
Grossman, J.W., J.N.Slaminski, and A.Licata (1974) Emission Data and Combustion Calculations for a General Electric PG-5341 Gas Turbine, Report No. WSS/C1 74–5, May.
Habelt, W.W. and A.P.Selker (1974) Operating Procedures and Prediction for NOx Control in Steam Power Plants, presented at Tag Central States Section of the Combustion Institute, Spring Technical Meeting, March.
Hall, R.E. and D.W.Pershing (1973) Proceedings, Coal Combustion Seminar, June 19–20, Research Triangle Park, N.C., Report No. EPA-650/2–73–021, September.
Hall, R.E., J.H.Wasser, and E.E.Berkau (1974) A Study of Air Pollutant Emissions from Residential Heating Systems, Report No. EPA-650/2–74–003, January.
Halstead, C.J., C.D.Watson, and A.J.E.Munro (1972) Nitrogen Oxide Control in Gas Fired Systems Using Flue Gas Recirculation and Water Injection, presented at Tag IGT/AGA Conference on Natural Gas Research and Technology, June.
Hammons, G.A. and A.Skopp (1971) NOx Formation and Control in Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion Processes, Report NO. 71-WA/APL-3, ASME, August.
Hazard, H.R. Conversion of Fuel Nitrogen to NOx in a Compact Combustor, ASME Paper No. 73-WA/GT-2.
Heap, M.P., T.M.Longs, R.Walmsley, and H.Bartelds (1973) Burner Design Principles for Minimum NOx Emissions, presented at the Coal Combustion Seminar, June.
Heap, M.P., T.M.Lwest, and R.Walmsley (1972) The Emission of Nitric Oxide from Natural Gas and Pulverized Fuel Flames, Report No. Doc. nr.—D og 1 a, May.
Hemsath, K.H., T.J.Schultz, and D.A.Chojnacki (1972) Investigation of NOx Emissions from Industrial Burners, presented at the American Flame Research Committee/EPA American Flame Days, Chicago, September.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Hilt, M.B. and R.H.Johnson (1971) Nitric Oxide Abatement in Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Combustions by Meas of Aerodynamics and Water Injection, Report No. 72-GT-53, December.
Hoke, R.C., L.A.Ruth, and H.Shaw Combustions by Meas and Desulfurization of Coal in a Fluidized Bed of Limestone, Report No. ASME 74-PWR-6.
Holliden, G.A. and S.S.Ray (1973) Control of NOx Formation in Wall, Coal-Fired Utility Boilers: TVA-EPA Interagency Agreement, presented at Coal Combustion Seminar, June.
Hoy, H.R. and A.G.Roberts (1969) Power Generation via Combined Gas Steam Cycles and Fluid-Bed Combustion of Coal, Gas and Oil Power, July/August.
Hung, W.S.Y. (1974) Accurate Method of Predicting the Effects of Humidity or Injected Water on NOx Emissions from Industrial Gas Turbines, Report No. 74-WA/GT-6 (ASME).
Jain, L.K., E.L.Calvin, and R.L.Looper (1972a) State of the Art for Controlling NOx Emissions Part I. Utility Boilers, Report No. EPA-R2–72–072, September.
Jain, L.K., E.L.Calvin, and R.L.Looper (1972b) State of the Art for Controlling NOx Emissions Part II. Industrial, Commercial and Domestic Boilers, EPA Contract No. 68–32–0241, September.
Jarry, R.L., L.F.Anastasia, E.L.Carls, A.A.Jonke, and J.J.Vogel (1970) Comparative Emissions of Pollutants during Combustion of Natural Gas and Coal in Fluidized Beds, proceedings of Second International Conference on Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Publication No. AP-109, Office of Air Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Johnson, R.H. and R.B.Schiefer Environmental Compatibility of Modern Gas Turbines, General Electric Gas Turbine Reference, Library Report No. GER-2486c.
Jonke, A.A. (1974) Fluidized-Bed Combustion: A Status Report, presented to Clean Energy
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Coal, Part IV, 67th AIChE Annual Meeting, December.
Jonke, A.A., E.L.Carls, R.L.Jarry, L.J. Anastasia, M.Haas, J.R.Pavlik, W.A.Murphy, and C.B.Schoffstoll (1970) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Report ANL/ES-CEN-1002, June.
Jonke, A.A., E.L.Carls, R.L.Jarry, M.Haas, and W.A.Murphy (1969) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Report ANL/ES-CEN-1001, June.
Jonke, A.A., G.J.Vogel, L.J.Anastasia, R.L.Jarry, D.Ramaswami, M.Haas, C.B.Schoffstoll, J.R.Pavlik, G.N.Vargo, and R.Green (1971) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Report No. ANL/ES-CEN-1004, June.
Jonke, A.A., W.M.Swith, and G.T.Vogel (1974) Fluidized-Bed Combustion: Development Status, presented at the SME Fall Meeting, September.
Klapatch, R.D. and T.R.Koblish (19 ) Nitrogen Oxide Control with Water Injection Gas Turbines, Report No. 71-WA/GT-g.
Koch, H. (1973) Investigations and Measurements for the Reduction of Gas Turbine Emissions, CIMAC.
Kurylko, L. (1971) Control of Nitric Oxide Emissions from Furnaces by External Recirculation of Combustion Products, Report NO. 71-Wa/PID-6, ASME, December.
Lange, H.B., Jr. (1972) NOx Formation in Premixed Combustion: A Kinetic Model and Experimental Data, Air Pollution and Its Control, AIChE Symposium Series 126, Vo. 68, p. 17.
LaChapell, D.G., S.J.Bowen, and R.D.Stern (1974) Overview of Environmental Protection Agency's NOx Control Technology for Stationary Combustion Sources, presented at 67th Annual AIChE Meeting, December.
Lipfert, F.W. (1972) Correlation of Gas Turbine Emission Data, Report No. 72-GT-60 (ASME).
Lipfert, F.W., E.A.Sanlorenzo, and H.W.Blakeslee (1974) The New York Power Pool Gas
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Turbine Emissions Test Program, presented at the MASS-APCA Specialty Conference on Air Quality Standards and Measurement, Kiameska Lake, New York, October.
Livesey, J.B., A.L.Roberts, and A.Williams (1971) Combustion Science and Technology, 4, 9.
Lockling, D.W., H.H.Krause, E.L.Putnam, W.T.Reid, M.A.Duffy (1974) Design Trends and Operating Problems in Combustion Modifications of Industrial Boilers, EPA Grant No. 902402, April.
Lowes, T.M., H.Bartelds, M.P.Heap, and R.Walmsley (1973) Burner Design Optimization for the Control of NOx Emissions from Boilers and Furnaces, International Flame Research Foundation Doc. K/20/a/68, September.
Lowes, T.M., M.P.Heap, and R.B.Smith (1974) Reduction of Pollution by Burner Design, International Flame Research Foundation, Doc. No. K20/a-74, August.
Lyon, R.K. (1974) Verfahren zur Reduzierung von NO in Verbrennungabgasen, Germany, Patent No. 2411672, September.
Manny, E.H. and A.Skopp (1969) Potential Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emission from Stationary Sources, presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association, Paper No. 6g–46, June.
Mark et al. (1964) et., Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd edition, Interscience Publishers, New York.
Martin, G.B. (1974a) Environmental Considerations in the Use of Alternate Clean Fuels in Stationary Combustion Processes, presented at the EPA Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Fuel Conversion Technology, St. Louis, Missouri, May.
Martin, G.B. (1974b) Overview of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Activities in NOx Control for Stationary Sources, presented at the Joint U.S.—Japan Symposium on Countermeasures for NOx, June 28–29.
Martin, G.B. and E.E.Berkau An Investigation of the Conversion of Various Fuel Nitrogen
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Compounds to Nitrogen Oxides in Oil Combustion, AIChE Symp. Ser., 68(126), II.
Mason, H.B. and A.B.Shimzu (1974) Briefing Document for the Maximum Stationary Source Technology (MSST) Systems Program for NOx Control, EPA Contract No. 68-OZ-1318, October.
Mayland, B.J. and R.C.Heinze (1973) Continuous Catalytic Absorpotion for NOx Emission Control, Chemical Engineering Progress, 69, pp. 75–76.
McCann, C., J.Demeter, R.Sneddon, and D.Bienstock (1974) Combustion Control of Pollutants from Multi-Burner Coal-Fired Systems, Report No. EPA-650/2–74–038, May.
McCann, C.R., J.J.Demeter, and P.Bienstock (1973) Preliminary Evaluation of Combustion Modifications for Control of Pollutant Emission from Multi-Burner Coal-Fired Combustion Systems, presented at the Coal Combustion Seminar, June.
McCann, C.R., J.J.Demeter, A.A.Orning, and D.Bienstock (1970) NOx Emissions at Low Excess-Air Levels in Pulverized Coal Combustions, ASME Winter Meeting, Proceedings, November.
McGowin, C.R. (1973) Stationary Internal Combustion Engines in the United States, EPA-R2–73–210, April.
McGowin, G.R., F.S.Schaub, and R.L.Hubbard (19 ) Emissions Control of a Stationary Two-Stroke Spark-Gas Engine by Modification of Operating Conditions, Report No. P-2136 (Shell and Copper Bessemer).
Merryman, E.L. and A.Levy (1974) Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Flames: The Roles of Nitrogen Dioxide and Fuel Nitrogen, paper presented at Fifteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Tokyo, Japan, August.
Merryman, E.L., H.R.Hazard, R.E.Barrett, and A.Levy (1974) Recent Studies of Tag Conversion of Fuel Nitrogen to NOx, presented at the Central States Section Combustion Institute, March.
Mesko, J.E. and R.L.Gamble (1974) Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Steam Generations for Electric Power Generations, presented at 36th Annual Meeting of the American Power Conference.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Mesko, J.E., S.Ehrlich, and J.W.Bishop (1973) Fluidized Bed Holds Promise for Coal, Electric Light and Power, E/G Edition, April.
Miller, V.H. (1971) Some Preliminary Results of NOx Measurements in a Tangential Fired 890 TPH Boiler, International Flame Research Foundation, Flame Chemistry Panel, March.
Muzio, L.J. and R.P.Wilson, Jr. (1973) Experimental Combustor for Development of Package Boiler Emission Control Techniques—Phase I of III, Report No. EPA-R2–73–292a, July.
National Academy of Engineering (1972) Ad Hoc Panel on Abatement of Nitrogen Oxides, C.N.Satterfield, Chairman, Abatement of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources, Report COPAC-4, National Reserch Council, Washington, D.C.
National Coal Association Steam-Electric Plant Factors, 1973 Edition.
National Electric Reliability Council (NERC) (1974) Fuel Survey Subcommittee, Technical Advisory Committee, Estimated Fossil Fuel Requirements for the Electric Utility Industry of the United States, 1974–1983, July.
National Electric Reliability Council (1974) Review of Overall Adequacy and Reliability of the North American Milk Power Systems, report by Interregional Review Subcommittee of the Technical Advisory Committee, October.
Pai, R.H. and R.E.Sommerlad (1973) Nitrogen Oxide Emission, an Evaluation of Test Data for Design, presented at Tag Symposium Control of NOx Emissions from Stationary Sources, 66th Annual AIChE Meeting, November.
Parks, B.C. and H.J.O'Donnell (1956) Petrography of American Coals, U.S.B.M., Bull.
Pereira, F.J., J.M.Beer, B.Gibbs, and A.B.Hedlye (1974) NOx Emissions from Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustors, paper presented at 15th Symposium on Combustion, Japan, August.
Perry, R.H. et al., eds. (1963) Chemical Engineer Handbook, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill and Company, New York.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Pershing, D.W., J.W.Brown, and E.E.Berkau (1973) Relationship of Burner Design to the Control of NOx Emissions through Combustion Modification, presented at Coal Combustion Seminar, June 19–20.
Pershing, D.W., J.W.Brown, G.B.Martin, and E.E.Berkau (1973) Influence of Design Variable on the Production of Thermal and Fuel NOx from Residual Oil and Coal Combustion, presented at 66th Annual AIChE meeting, November.
Pompei, F. and J.B.Heywood (1972) The Role of Mixing in Burner-Generated Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide, Combustion and Flame, 19, 407.
Proceedings of Second International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Turner, Elliott Williams, Coates, Rice, Ehrlich, Hoy, etc.
Quan, V., J.R.Kliggel, N.Bayard de Volo, and D.P.Teixeira (1973) Analytical Scaling of Flowfield and Nitric Oxide in Combustors, presented at Coal combustion Seminar, June 19–20.
Radwon, A.H. and R.S.Sadowski (1972) An Experimental Correlation of Oxides of Nitrogen missions from Power Boilers Based on Field Data, Report No. 72-WA/Pwr-5, ASME, July.
Rawdon, A.H. and S.A.Johnson (19) Control of NOx Emissions from Power Boilers, Riley Stoker Corp., Paper No. 22.
Rendle, L.K. and R.D.Wilson (1956) The Prevention of Acid Condensation in Oil-Fired Boilers, J. Tag Inst. Fuel, September.
Rice, R.L. and N.H.Coates Fluid-Bed combustion: Suitability of Coals and Bed Materials, Power Engineering.
Roessler, W.A., A.Moraszew, and R.D.Kopa (1974) Assessment of the Applicability of Automotive Emission Control Technology to Stationary Engines, EPA 650/2–74–051, July.
Roessler, W.V., E.K.Weinberg, J.A.Drake, H.M.White, and T.Fura (1973) Investigation of Surface Combustion Concepts for NOx Control in Utility Boilers and Stationary Gas Turbines, Report No. EPA-650/2–73–014, August.
Sarofim, A.F. and J.H.Pohl (1973) Kinetics of Nitric Oxide Formation in Premixed Laminar
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Flames, Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, pp. 739–753.
Sarofim, A.F., G.C.Williams, M.Modell, and S.M.Slater (1973) Conversion of Fuel Nitrogen to Nitric Oxide in Premixed and Diffusion Flames, presented at SIChE 66th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November.
Schaub, F.S. and K.V.Beightol (1971) NOx Emission Reduction Methods for Large Bore Diesel and Natural Gas Engines, Report No. 71-WA/D4P-2, ASME, July.
Schiassi, A. For Energy Preservation-Low Excess Air Combustion, Report No. F 25/ha/3, International Flame Research Foundation.
Sensenbaugh, J.D. (1966) Formation and Control of Oxides of Nitrogen in Combustion Processes, presented at Air Pollution Training Course, Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, March.
Sensenbaugh, J.D. and J.Tonakin (1969) Effect of Combustion Conditions on Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Boiler Furnaces, Paper No. 60-WA-334, October.
Shaw, H. (1972) Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from a Gas Turbine by Fuel Modifications, Report No. 73-GT-5, December.
Shaw, H. (1973a) The Effect of Water, Pressure and Equivalence Ratio on Nitric Oxide Production in Gas Turbines, Report No. 73-WA/GT-1, July.
Shaw, H. (1973b) Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from a Gas Turbine Combustor by Fuel Modifications, J. Eng. and Power, 301.
Shaw, H. (1974a) Test-Report-Aqueous Solution Scrubbing for NOx Control of the Deactivation Furnace Effluent Gas, Contract No. DAAAIS-74-C-0084, May.
Shaw, H. (1974b) The Effects of Water, Pressure, and Equivalence Ratio on Nitric Oxide Production in Gas Turbines, transactions of the ASME, pp. 240–246, July.
Shaw, H. (1975) The Effect of Water on Nitric Oxide Production in Gas Turbine Combustors, presented at the 20th Annual international Gas Turbine Conference, March.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Shaw, H., W.F.Taylor, C.J.McCoy, and A.Skopp (1974) Continuous Measurement of Exhaust Emissions from a High Pressure Cannular Combustor, Report No. 72-GT-88, ASME, December.
Shoffstall, D.R. and D.H.Larson (1973a) Agro-dynamic Control of Nitrogen Oxides and Other Pollutants from Fossil Fuel Combustion. Volume I. Data Analysis and Summary of Conclusions, Report No. EPA-650/2–73–033a, October.
Schoffstall, D.R. and D.H.Larson (1973b) Volume II. Raw Data and Experimental Equipment, Report No. EPA-650/2–73–0336, October.
Siegmund, C.W. and D.W.Turner (1974) NOx Emissions from Industrial Boilers: Potential Control Methods, Journal of Engineering for Power, pp. 1–6, January.
Singh, P.P., W.E.Young, and M.J.Ambrose (1971) Formation and Control of Oxides of Nitrogen Emission from Gas Turbine Combustion Systems, Report No. 72-GT-22, ASME, December.
Skinner, D.G. (1970) The Fluidized Combustion of Coal, National Coal Board Research and Development Department (CPC), London.
Skopp, A., M.S.Nutkis, G.A.Hammonds, and R.R.Bertrand (1971) Studies of the Fluidized Lime-Bed Coal Combustion Desulfurization System, Report No. GRU.13GFGS.71, Esso Research and Engineering Co., December.
Teixera, D.P. and B.P.Breen (1973) NOx Reductions in Utility Boilers, 16th Power Instrumentation Symposium, Instrument Society of America, Chicago, Illinois, May.
Thompson, D., T.D.Brown, and J.M.Beer (1972) The Formation of Oxides of Nitrogen in a Combustion Syste, Combustion and Flame, 19, 69.
Thompson, R.E., D.W.Pershing, and E.E.Berkau (1973) Catalytic Combustion; a Pollution-Free Means of Energy Conversion? Report NO. EPA-650/2–73–018, August.
Tohata, H. (1974) Nitrogen Oxides Abatement Processes in Japan, presented at Joint U.S.-Japan Symposium on Countermeasures for NOx, Tokyo, Japan, June.
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Toussaint, J. and M.P.Heap (1974) Formation des Oxydes D'Azote et des Particules dans une Flamme d'Emulsion Fuel Lourd-Eau, International Flame Research Foundation, Doc. No. G 19/a/7, Ijmuiden, Holland, April.
Turner, D.A. and C.W.Siegmund (1972) Staged Combustion and Flue Gas Recycle: Potential for Minimizing NOx from Fuel Oil Combustion, American Flame Research Committee, Flame Days, Chicago.
Turner, D.Al, R.L.Andrews, and C.W.Siegmund (1972) Influence of Combustion Modifications and Fuel Nitrogen Oxides Emission from Fuel Oil Combustion, AIChE Symp. Ser., 68, 55.
Turner, D.B. (1971) Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates, EPA, AP-26.
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1970) Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides from Stationary Sources, March.
Vandaveer, F.F. (1965) Fuel Reserves, Production, Gases Marketed, and Fuels Used by Utilities, in Segeuer, C.G., ed., Gas Engineers Handbook, pp. 2–5, The Industrial Press, New York.
Vogel, G.J., M.Haas, W.Swift, J.Riha, C.B.Schoffstoll, J.Hepperly, and A.A.Jonke (1973) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Report No. ANL/ES-CEN-1006 and EPA-650/2–74–037, June.
Vogel, G.J., W.M.Swift, J.F.Lenc, P.T.Cunningham, W.I.Wilson, A.F.Panek, F.G.Teats, and A.A.Jonke (1974) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion and Regeneration of Sulfur-Containing Additivies, Report No. ANL/ES-CEN-1007 and EPA-650/2–74–104, June.
Vogel, G.L., E.L.Carls, J.Ackerman, M.Haas, J.Riha, C.B.Schoffstoll, J.Hepperly, and A.A.Jonke (1972) Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution by the Application of Fluidized-Bed Combustion and Regeneration of Sulfur-Containing Additives, Report No. ANL/ES-CEN-1005 and EPA-R2–73–253, June.
Wasser, J.H. and E.E.Berkau (1972) Combustion Intensity Relationship to Air Pollution Emissions from a Model Combustion System,
OCR for page 715
Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control
Air Pollution and its Control, AIChe Symposium Series, 68, 126.
Wasser, J.H., R.P.Hangebrauck, and A.T.Schwartz (1968) Effects of Air-Fuel Stoichiometry on Air Pollutant Emissions from an Oil-Fired Test Furnace, J. Air. Pollution Control Assoc., 18(5) 332.
Wendt, J.O.L. and O.E.Schulze (1974) Effect of Diffusion-Reaction Interactions on Fuel Nitrogen Conversion during Coal Char Combustion, presented at Eastern Section Meeting of the Combustion Institute, Silver Spring, Maryland, November.
Wendt, J.O.L., C.V.Sternling, and M.A.Matovich (1973) Reduction of Sulfur Trioxide and Nitrogen Oxides by Secondary Fuel Injection, Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh.
White, A.O. (1972) 20 Years Experience Buring Heavy Fuels in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines, Report No. 73-GT-22, ASME, December.
Winship, R.D (1971) Fossil Fuel Power-Emissions and their Control, presented at the 81st Canadian Electrical Association, June.
Winship, R.D. and P.W.Brodeur (1972) Control of NOx Emissions in Pulverized Coal-Fired Units, presented at the Canadian Electrical Association Thermal and Nuclear Power Meeting, September.
Winship, R.D. and P.W.Brodeur (1973) NOx Control in Oil and Gas-Fired Boilers, presented at the 1973 Power Engineering Conference and Exhibition, October.
Woolrich, P.F. (1961) Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assn. Journal, 22, 48.
Yamayishi, K., M.Nozawa, T.Yoshie, T.Tokumoto, and Y.Kakegawa (1974) A Study of NOx Emission Characteristics in Two Stage Combustion, paper presented at Fifteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Tokyo, Japan, August.
Zeldovich, Y.B. (1946) Aeta Physicochem USSR, 21, 577.


text:
International Student
FULL-TIME or MATRICULATED PART-TIME INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS:
International students who are full-time or who are part-time and matriculated are required to submit a completed Connecticut State University (CSU) Confidential Health Form before attending the university. Proof of adequate immunization against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella (chicken pox) along with completion of the Tuberculosis (TB) Risk Assessment are required prior to being able to register for classes. Please review the Tuberculosis (TB) Risk Assessment carefully as you may need to have a tuberculosis screening test (either a skin test or a blood test). If so, this test must be must be administered by an American medical facility within 6 months of attending CCSU.
CLICK here for FULL-TIME INTERNATIONAL PACKET (in English)
NON-MATRICULATED PART-TIME and IELP INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS:
CLICK here for IELP/NON-MATRICULATED PACKET
If you are planning on living in a the residence hall on campus, you will be required to have the meningococcal vaccination (Menactra). This vaccination must also be administered in an American medical facility. The United States requires this vaccine with subtypes A, C, Y, W 135 in the vaccine, which may not be available in your country. For more information on meningitis prevention, please go to the "Important Medical Updates" tab on our home page and click on "Meningococcal vaccination update." We also recommend students be fully immunized against Hepatitis B.
University Health Services will be offering both Tuberculosis testing and the meningococcal vaccination for those of you who are not able to obtain either of them in an American medical facility prior to the first day of classes. Additional immunizations required but not submitted in your health form can be scheduled to be completed in our office. There are fees for the test and the vaccinations that will be charged to your university account.
Please complete your required form and return it to the University Health Service as soon as possible but no later than than two weeks prior to arriving on campus. Additional medical information may be needed, and we will notify you by e-mail to enable you to obtain this medical information while you are still in your country.
The information provided on the Connecticut State University Health Service form is strictly confidential and will be reviewed and used only by University Health Services. However, if you are missing required health information we will notify the CCSU Center for International Education so they may assist you in completing your requirements. No specific health information will be shared. Also, the information contained within the health form is not shared with U.S. immigration officials nor any other person at the University without your written permission to release any part of the information on the form from University Health Services.
All Central Connecticut State University students are required to maintain a health insurance policy that meets or exceeds the coverage provided by the Aetna Student Health Insurance policy offered by the University. While you may waive this policy by providing proof of alternate health insurance coverage, please be aware that many healthcare providers (physician and medical facilities) in the local area surrounding the University may not accept your form of alternate health insurance coverage, leaving you personally responsible for your medical bills or refusing to see you (even if you can afford to pay at the time of the visit). Therefore, the Center for International Education and University Health Services strongly encourage all international students to purchase the Aetna Student Health Insurance policy offered through the University. For more information about health insurance please click here.
We hope to meet all your medical needs while you attending our University. Please call us at 860-832-1925 with any questions.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Beef Pizza Casserole (With Pizza Crust)
Kids of all ages enjoy this casserole!
ground beef, black pepper, +red pepper flakes, +italian seasoning, +flour, +garlic, +green pepper, +mozzarella cheese, +onions, +parmesan cheese, +pasta sauce, +salt, +mushroom
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Bacon Cheeseburger Pizza
The secret to this delicious pizza is to pre-bake your crust firstly and brown your beef well, then top as stated in directions and bake just to heat through...
black pepper, ground beef, +bacon, +cheddar cheese, +garlic, +mozzarella cheese, +onions, +parmesan cheese, +pizza sauce, +salt
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Basic Beef Pizza
"We like pizza plain and simple without the frills of many toppings. This easy-to-fix pizza is better than any frozen variety.--Linda Troop, Fleetwood,...
allrecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Crazy Crust Pizza
Whenever you need pizza quick, this is the recipe to go for! It is not a traditional yeast dough crust...it actually starts out with a batter that turns...
black pepper, ground beef, +eggs, +flour, +milk, +mozzarella cheese, +onions, +oregano, +pizza sauce, +salt, +mushroom
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Barbecue or Oven Baked Pizza Bread
Easy to make pizza bread starting with a loaf of French bread or you could also use kaiser rolls or other bakery buns. Great for lunch or dinner, or cut...
ground beef, black pepper, +oregano, +french bread, +chives, +parmesan cheese, +mozzarella cheese, +salt, +olives, +tomato paste, +sugar
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Mission Mexican Pizza
"This South-of-the-border twist on pizza is a great way to change up your dinner menu."
ground beef, black pepper, +cilantro, +mexican cheese blend, +pizza sauce, +refried beans, +roma tomato, +salt
allrecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Loaded French Bread Pizza Recipe
Well I did not want the traditional pizza and had a loaf of French bread that needed to be used so I made a loaded French bread pizza is it ever good to...
ground beef, black pepper, +red pepper flakes, +italian cheese blend, +sausage, +french bread, +pepperoni, +cheddar cheese, +parsley, +olive oil, +garlic powder, +italian seasoning
www.grouprecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Spaghetti Pizza Bake
"Kids always go for this flavorful casserole, which is a cross between pizza and spaghetti.--Jackie Heyer, Cushing, Iowa"
allrecipes.com - Similiar recipes
Ww Pizza Pasta
This is out of one of my old weight watchers cookbooks called "Two's Company". It is excellent! Easy and quick to fix and only has 8 points for...
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Ground Beef Pizza
This is my kind of favorite pizza. I have not try this one but this is almost the same as the one I did without any recipe. This is from the issue of...
black pepper, ground beef, +cheddar cheese, +oregano, +garlic, +mozzarella cheese, +onions, +pizza dough, +pizza sauce, +salt
www.recipezaar.com - Similiar recipes
Can't find what you are looking for? Try our custom google recipe search:
Custom Search
Your Ingredients:
Legend: click ingredients to include or exclude
have this
need to use this
exclude this
Ingredient Informationground beefblack pepper


text:
25-20, 20-8, 10-22, 12-7
Italy have won their first classification game for 9th to 16th place to secure their Division A spot for 2013, defeating Bulgaria 67-57.
Italy are the first team to join the hunt for 9th place while Bulgaria will look to avoid a bottom three finish and relegation to Division B in the classification games for 13th to 16th place.
Italy rode a big second quarter run, scoring 11 points over a one-and-a-half minute stretch to blow open a close game.
Bulgaria fought back to come within two points in the third quarter, but sufficient firepower enabled the Italians to run out victors.
A combination of 11 second-chance points and 16 fast-break points proved to be the difference for Italy, helped by four first-half threes to Lorenzo Baldasso.
Baldasso finished with 12 points, but it was Simone Fontecchio who scored a team-high 13 to go with 10 rebounds.
Bulgaria were led by 12 points to Aleksandar Vezenkov and Venelin Hristov.
Lorenzo Baldasso
Aleksandar Vezenkov


text:
Sunday, April 26, 2015
More New York Times Critics' Picks »
The following shows have received ratings of at least four stars from Times readers.
Most Highly Rated Shows »
A "Midsummer's Night" production by the Classical Theater of Harlem in Marcus Garvey Park has piquant multicultural touches.
Full New York Times Review »


text:
Unicon Investment has come out with its report on Indian Union Budget 2012-13. As per the research firm banks, NBFCs & Financial institutions are expected to post healthy growth on the back of higher fund allocation. Unicon Investment has come out with its report on Indian Union Budget 2012-13. As per the research firm banks, NBFCs & Financial institutions are expected to post healthy growth on the back of higher fund allocation. The Finance Minister in the backdrop of global uncertainties and domestic constraints both economic and political presented a pragmatic budget, preserving the growth momentum of the economy (est. at 7.6% for FY13) by containing the high fiscal deficit to 5.1% in FY13. The budget seems to be more realistic and achievable and endeavors to focus on crucial sectors like agriculture, infrastructure and power to strengthen and revive the economy to achieve sustainable medium term growth. This would be implemented through. � Addressing supply side bottlenecks in agriculture, transportation & infrastructure. � Measures taken to provide low cost funds to some stressed infrastructure sectors like power, airlines, roads & bridges, ports & shipyards, affordable housing, fertilizers & dams. � Increasing the tax/GDP ratio through increase in indirect taxes, service tax and broadening of service tax net. � Reducing cap on subsidies to 2% of GDP � Higher outlays on agriculture, health, education and employment generation would have multiplier effect. This budget is also perceived as populist budget, with enhancement of exemption limit to provide some comfort to aam aadmi from high inflation. Also, the introduction of Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme & reduction of STT tax to be positive for the retail investors. This would result in higher disposable income which leads to higher consumption. The markets closed negatively as profit booking continued and the budget did not have anything substantial to offset it Most of the positive announcements were on expected lines and had negligible impact on the market. However, going forward we expect the market to stay range bound between 5100 and 5500 for few weeks and follow global cues. The domestic events like interest rate cut, last quarter results of FY12 and announcement of reforms in the first quarter of FY13 may give a new direction to the market. The Nifty then may move ahead towards the 6000 mark in the second half of this year. Union Budget 2012-13 was positive for the banking and financial sector in terms of policy announcement. The focus of the budget was agriculture & infrastructure sector this would lead to increase loan growth & fee income for banks. Also, captalisation of PSU banks will be positive, but large government borrowings may put pressure on the interest rates going forward. We expect banks, NBFCs & Financial institutions to post healthy growth on the back of higher fund allocation. Disclaimer: The views and investment tips expressed by investment experts/broking houses/rating agencies on moneycontrol.com are their own, and not that of the website or its management. Moneycontrol.com advises users to check with certified experts before taking any investment decisions. To read the full report click here READ MORE ON Unicon Investment
video of the day Budget 2015-16: Revive capex through savings on cheap crude says Kotak Sec news videos


text:
Freemark Abbey Cabernet Sauvignon 2005
Cabernet Sauvignon from Napa Valley, California
Winemaker's Notes
Dark ruby in color, this wine has aromas of black cherry, currant, plum and blackberry, which integrate with floral notes of lilac and rose petals. On the palate, our 2005 Napa Cabernet Sauvignon delivers great balance and flavors of black cherry with subtle hints of cedar, spice, chocolate and espresso. The combination of French and American oak barrels adds layers to the dark fruit flavors that lead to a long clean finish.
Critical Acclaim
The Wine Advocate - "The 2005 Cabernet Sauvignon Napa (a blend from various sites) is a soft, sexy combination of 83% Cabernet Sauvignon, 6% Merlot, 9% Petit Verdot, and 2% Cabernet Franc. A big, sweet nose of Asian spices, smoky oak, and plenty of black and red fruits, are followed by a lush, round, generously constituted wine with medium to full body, decent acidity, and velvety tannins. Enjoy it over the next 8-10 years. " -
Connoisseurs' Guide - "9% Petit Verdot; 6% Merlot; 2% Cabernet Franc. A quick whiff of mint, a focused suggestion of black cherries, a hint of cocoa and a rounded, fruity impression of more Merlot than shows in the wine's cepage all lift this wine into the full commendation. Its supple palatefeel and polished tannins allow it to drink nicely now, and its firm underbelly will allow it to age for a few years into a smoother potion yet."
Freemark Abbey Winery
The history of Freemark Abbey began in 1886, when Josephine Marlin Tychson became the first woman to build and operate a winery in California. The historic site where Josephine's winery, Tychson Cellars, once stood is now known as Freemark Abbey. Josephine, a native of San Lorenzo, California and her husband, John Tychson, a Danish immigrant, moved to St. Helena in 1881. For $8,500, they purchased 147 acres north of St. Helena, which later became known as "Tychson Hill".
Shortly after her husband's untimely death, Josephine began construction of a fifty square foot redwood winery which would grow to hold a capacity of about 30,000 gallons. In addition, she hired Nils Larsen, an experienced vintner, as her foreman. Josephine successfully produced wine for the next eight years and then sold the winery to Larsen in 1894. In turn, Larsen leased the winery to Antonio Forni, a good friend of Josephine's. Forni later purchased the property in 1898. Forni is responsible for building a new winery on the old site of the Tychson structure.
In the years that followed, Freemark Abbey went through a period of several different owners until 1966, when a group of partners purchased the winery. In 1993, Winemaker Ted Edwards became a partner. Edwards assumed the role of managing partner in addition to maintaining the responsibilities he has held as winemaker since 1985. View all Freemark Abbey Wines
About Napa Valley
View a map of Napa Valley wineriesIt's hard not to think of Napa Valley when thinking of California wines. The region is, after all, the one that brought world recognition to California wine making. The area was settled by a few choice wine families in the 1960's who bet that the wines of the area would grow and flourish. They were right. The Napa wine industry really took off in the 1980's, when vineyard lands were scooped up and vines were planted throughout the county. A number of wineries emerged, from large conglomerates to small boutiques to cult classics. Cabernet Sauvignon is definitely the grape of choice here, with many winemakers also focusing on Bordeaux Blends. Whites are usually Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.
Notable Facts
Within the Napa Valley lie smaller sub-AVAs that lend even more character specifics to the wines. Furthest south is Carneros, followed by Yountville, Oakville & Rutherford. Above those two is St.-Helena and finally, just grated an AVA, Calistoga. These areas are situated on the valley floor and are known for creating rich, smooth Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay. There are a few mountain regions as well, nestled on the slopes overlooking the valley AVAs. Those include Howell Mountain, Stags Leap and Mount Veeder. Wines from the mountain regions are often more structured and firm, benefiting from more time in the bottle to evolve and soften.About California
It's not rare to see a wine's country of origin listed as "California." A country into itself in the wine world, California makes enough varieties and styles to match many European wine countries. It produces a diverse range of wines that span the quality spectrum.The most famous of the California wine regions is Napa Valley, and these wines are certainly outstanding – but it's not as broad and diverse as its larger neighbor, Sonoma County. Down south, Santa Barbara's Santa Maria Valley is well-known for its Rhône blends, as well as cool-climate varieties like Pinot and Chardonnay. The Central Coast, the largest California AVA, has many different microclimates that lead to a wide range of wines with many sub-AVAs.
Customer Reviews
Sign In to Add Your Review0 }div>Related ProductsAlcohol By Volume Guide
Most wine ranges from 10-16% alcohol by volume. Some varietals tend to have higher (for example Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon) or lower alcohol levels (Pinot Noir and many white varietals), but there is always some variation from producer to producer. Some wine falls outside of this range, for instance Port weighs in closer to 20%, while Muscat and Riesling are usually a bit below 10%.Wine Style Guide
Light & Fruity
- Red wines that are more fruit-forward and lighter in tannin and body.
Smooth & Supple
- Medium bodied reds that go down easy, with smooth tannins and supple fruit.
Earthy & Spicy
- Wines where earthy and/or spicy dominate the flavors – typically medium to full body.
Big & Bold
- Full bodied wines that have concentrated fruit and are higher in alcohol and/or tannins. Some need age.


text:
NEWS ROOM ITD News USDOT News Associated Press News Link
TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATIONS State of Idaho ITD Home Page AAMVA AASHTO USDOT Federal Highways TRIP TRB NTSB NHTSA
FINANCIAL RESOURCES IDAHY Credit Union Pocahy Credit Union
Vision plan provider changes access procedure
Vision Services Plan (VSP), which provides vision benefits for Blue Shield subscribers, recently changed the way State of Idaho employees access its data base. Instead of asking employees to provide their Social Security Number for identification, VSP will ask members for their Regence Blue Shield member identification number.
When contacting VSP by mail, phone or the Internet, please use the number that follows XNA from your Blue Shield card to retrieve account information.
Anyone who experiences difficulty retrieving information from VSP should contact the State of Idaho Office of Insurance Management at 332-1860, or 800-531-0597.
VSP may be contacted at: Vision Services Plan P.O. Box 997105 Rancho Cordova, CA 95899-7105 800-877-7195 www.vsp.com
Return to Transporter Main Page
Idaho Road Report
Idaho weather Southwest Southeast North


text:
Safety Issues in Particle Handling: Dust Explosions
- Type: Archived Webinar
- Level:
- PDHs:
Over the past 6 years dust explosions have claimed 28 lives in the United States, tragically demonstrating the importance of proper design and operation to ensure safety in solids handling operations. The trend towards manufacture of finer combustible powders in many businesses can only be expected to increase this risk in the future. This webinar provides a fundamental understanding of dust explosions with an emphasis on preventive and mitigative measures to prevent their occurrence. Current regulatory activity regarding solids-handling safety will also be briefly discussed.
Robert L. Gravell
Bob Gravell is a Principal Process Safety Consultant with the DuPont Company and is located at the DuPont Explosion Hazards Laboratory in Deepwater, NJ.
Bob received his BS and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Virginia and has 34 years of experience with DuPont, including assignments in project engineering, technical services, manufacturing, and R&D. In his current role he is responsible for addressing a wide range of reactive hazards issues, including flammability and explosion behavior of vapors and combustible dusts. He is also the primary...Read more
Do you already own this?
Log In for instructions on accessing this content.
AIChE Member Credits | 1 |
AIChE Members | $69.00 |
AIChE Undergraduate Student Members | Free |
AIChE Graduate Student Members | Free |
Non-Members | $99.00 |


text:
More time at the pool. Lotsa rain. Toy Story 3 at the IMAX. The kids started a band. Ice cream cones are the treat of choice. Summer band lessons begin. Father's Day. Bonfire with friends. Date Night. Calvin & Hobbes. The library. Family golf night. Dinner at 10:30 pm. Playing with the neighbors ("the things vs. the normals"). Cheese balls. Here's a peek at our week in pictures:
Thursday, June 24, 2010
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
caught up in the room renovation
...and my computer is giving me issues and the day is slipping away and it's almost dinner time. The bad news, this will be short. The good news, I managed to get my hands on that bread pudding recipe. And just in time:
Here's the recipe (thanks Stacey!):
Bread Pudding
1-1/2 loaves white bread at least a day old, cut into 1-inch squares (about 6-7 cups)
1 qt milk (4 cups)
3 eggs, lightly beaten
2 cups sugar
2 Tbsp vanilla
1 cup raisins
1/4 teaspoon allspice
1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
4 Tbsp butter
1 Preheat oven to 350°F.
2 Soak the bread in milk in a large mixing bowl. Press with hands until well mixed and all the milk is absorbed. In a separate bowl, beat eggs, sugar, vanilla, and spices together. Gently stir into the bread mixture. Gently stir the raisins into the mixture.
3 Use a 9x13 inch baking pan. Spray the pan so it won't stick and put pieces of the butter at the bottom of the pan. Pour in the bread mix and bake at 350°F for 35-45 minutes, until set. The pudding is done when the edges start getting a bit brown and pull away from the edge of the pan. Can also make in individual ramekins.
Makes 8-10 servings.
Here's what it looked like BEFORE I polished it off:
Simply divine.
Posted by Tina Vega at 5:06 PM 1 comments
Tuesday, June 22, 2010
i have a thing for photo collages
Perhaps it's the way I shoot.
I love the way a series of images can tell a story.
A typical family session will give you an assortment of images to choose from. Take my own family, for example:
We spent the afternoon hanging out at a local park, just tossing a football and checking out the sights.
The images were perfect for this collage frame I picked up at Target:
But would have worked well in any of these frames as well:
Speaking of collages...
This is one of Ren's old bedroom - the "new room" is under construction. (I can tell you this much... it will be one giant IKEA advertisement.)
Ah, but I digress.
Click HERE and HERE for some inspiring wall collage ideas. Too complicated? Click HERE for a fool-proof option.
I'd best be getting back to my home improvement projects. Be back tomorrow with some information regarding my annual BLOGIVERSARY CELEBRATION, a bread pudding teaser, and things you need to know if you plan on booking a photography session with me in the coming months. Until then...
Posted by Tina Vega at 7:33 PM 0 comments
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
**snapshots of summer** week 1
With summer underway, I thought I'd post a weekly "snapshots of summer" entry to help me stay on top of things. The plan is to complete an album similar to my Week in the Life project. But for the summer. The entire summer.
Looking for your own summer inspiration? Click HERE to check out a cool summer workshop.
Here's a peek at our first week of summer vacation:
We've missed the sunshine and have thoroughly enjoyed these last couple of days. The rainy days meant a lot of time indoors - playing games and cleaning. (Ren is getting a room makeover this summer... out with the cartoon animals, in with IKEA.) Lotsa late nights and late mornings... LOVE IT!!!
Posted by Tina Vega at 10:09 PM 0 comments
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)


text:
Your donations keep RPGWatch running!
Drox Operative - v0.924 Beta
by Dhruin, 2012-10-10 22:57:34
We skipped a couple of Drox Operative beta patches but Soldak has now upped the game to v0.924. Word is "this patch adds bonus skills for high base crew points, adds damage bonuses/penalties for different damage/defense type combinations, and as usual fixes a bunch of small things".
Information about
Drox OperativeSP/MP: Single + MP
Setting: Sci-Fi
Genre: Action-RPG
Platform: PC
Release: Released


text: Meta Battle Subway PokeBase - Pokemon Q&A Login Register All Activity Questions Unanswered Tags Users Ask a Question Rules Chat In Gold, Crystal, and Silver, you could battle certain gyms of a higher level before you battled the lower ones. 0 votes Can you do that in Heart Gold/ Soul Silver? soulsilver heartgold gold-silver crystal gyms asked May 13, 2012 by heracross retagged Jun 19, 2012 Please log in or register to add a comment. Please log in or register to answer this question. 1 Answer 0 votes Best answer you can skip the first and fifth gyms, but not the rest. The reason you can skip them is that they allow use of unnessesary HMs. answered May 13, 2012 by latiospie edited May 18, 2012 by latiospie Not the first, or a man who gives miracle seed will stop you Not true... You can glitch past him. Please log in or register to add a comment. Related questions Can you catch Celebi in the original Gold/Silver/Crystal games without gameshark or a glitching system? What are the differences between Crystal and Gold/Silver? What are good ingame teams for Gold, Silver, and Crystal? which pokemon can learn extreme speed in GOLD/SILVER/CRYSTAL? What are the order of the gyms in pokemon Heart Gold? What are the changes from Gold/Silver to HeartGold/SoulSilver? Last Pokemon for ingame crystal? Where can I find Eevee in Pokemon Gold, Silver and Crystal? Useful Meta Posts How to change your username How to add a user avatar Why was my post hidden? The points system Question etiquette Flags vs Downvotes Anime FAQ


text:
Ardbeg Corryvreckan
Ardbeg samples Try before you buy >>
Best price to buy online:
Find the best price to buy Ardbeg whiskies online
Tasting Notes by jmende1
Geek alert: I got into single malts about a year ago via an upscale lounge in NYC which sponsors free tastings on Saturdays. I nabbed a copy of a reputable whisky mag (well, it wasn't nabbing since it was offerred for free). It happened to have been the yearly review issue. This bottle was rated whisky of the year in that publication for 2009.
My relationship to smokiness in anything is one of an infatuated lover. In fact, my professed favorite smell that the earth can produce is a bonfire (preferably one with resinous wood for some reason). These things said....This bottle became my holy grail. I searched, but it was too late for me. All the stocks on the Northeast were sold out. I went as far as finding the original press release showing what retailers would have the bottle. Alas, I found one in the great state of massachusettes, a bit off the beaten path for me. no way in heck could I justify a sojourn to my wife just for whisky as a novice enthusiast. So I planted the seed. "C-O-R-R-Y-V-R-E-C-K-A-N is how its spelled," I said when asked what I want for Xmas. Somehow, she managed to find someone in California willing to ship it to me in NY. I love my wife. Now down to business:
Nose pre dilution: Bacon bacon bacon. Seaweed. Burnt dried fruit. Black fermented garlic cloves.
Nose post-dilution: Bacon bacon (fruit) bacon. Seaweed. Burnt dried fruit puree. I'll be honest, the aromas were just as strong, with a continuity that just has not been matched by anything else I've tried yet. This is a big Islay; not one that leads by injecting fear, but one who certainly asserts its authority. Its Michael Corleone in a bottle (sorry for the Godfather reference). In other words, its a young, powerful, unimaginably full of surprises and natural talent. There are bananas there, rum. This bottle is aptly titled. Hats off.
Food pairing: Main: Surf and turf that involves seaweed and mushrooms, a vegetarian plate. Sure you can do a nice fatty NY strip, but why make the meat the star? Why not the whisky?
I only suggested a main, because I wouldn't think of making this an appetizer whisky. Too big, too complex (and also too expenseive!). My hats off to you Corry. You've put a smile on my face.
Whisky details
Whisky reviews by distiller (A - D)
- Ar2 Elements of Islay reviews (3)
- Ardbeg 10 Year old reviews (82)
- Ardbeg 10 Year old Bot. 1980's Clear Glass Bottle reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 10 Year Old 75cl reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 17 Year old reviews (4)
- Ardbeg 1975 Bot. 2003 reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1977 reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1990 Airigh Nam Beist reviews (22)
- Ardbeg 1990 Airigh Nam Beist First Release Bottled 2006 reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1991 18 Year Old Old Malt Cask #5449 Douglas Laing reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1995 10 Year old reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1998 Renaissance reviews (6)
- Ardbeg 1998 - Almost There reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1998 - Still Young reviews (1)
- Ardbeg 1999 Galileo 12 Year Old reviews (15)
- Ardbeg 25 Year Old Lord of the Isles reviews (1)
- Ardbeg Alligator reviews (23)
- Ardbeg Almost There 2007 reviews (1)
- Ardbeg Ardbog reviews (15)
- Ardbeg Blasda reviews (9)
- Ardbeg Corryvreckan reviews (49)
- Ardbeg Day Feis Ile 2012 reviews (1)
- Ardbeg Lord of the Isles reviews (3)
- Ardbeg Rollercoaster reviews (5)
- Ardbeg Supernova reviews (9)
- Ardbeg Supernova 2010 reviews (13)
- Ardbeg Uigeadail reviews (76)
- Kildalton 1980 reviews (2)
- SMWS 33.79 - A road side dram reviews (1)
- SMWS 33.80 - A foodie's delight! reviews (1)


text:
Gift Joins Music and Justice Festival Friday
By Theresa D. McClellan
GIFT's Faith Advocacy Coordinator
"Gay Christian? Yes!" Campaign Coordinator
When you are a small community church with a mission to listen and be heard, what do you do?
If the church is the "Square-Inch Community," you bring multi-textured music to the masses and raise the bar by highlighting tough social justice issues happening in our community.
So that's exactly what Pastor Steve DeRuiter chose to do by creating the free "Inch Fest" concert. The concert will be 4 p.m to 10 p.m. Friday June 20 in a parking lot in the 1000 block of Wealthy Street SE across the street from the Sparrows Coffee House.
The event features six bands offering music styles from indie alternative, to folk to Christian hip-hop to punk. And when your not jammin' with the sounds, you have the chance to get more involved with six local social justice groups – including GIFT – that will have information tables and representatives who work on tackling issues of affordable housing, sex trafficking, safe neighborhoods, and safe and affirming places to worship for the lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and transgender communities.
"We want to promote local goodness," said DeRuiter in explaining how he chose the participating social justice organizations. "Our church is really interested in promoting local business and justice organizations and art" said DeRuiter. His small church community meets Sundays in an upper room at the Inner City Christian Federation Bldg. at 920 Cherry St. SE.
The social justice organizations represented will include the Manasseh Project which is working on educating others on what is called the sex-slave industry occurring right here in West Michigan. The project is an outreach of Wedgewood Christian Services which is working to end the sexual exploitation of men, women and children.
"They have stats on how many of these victims are homeless and from the LGBT community, especially when LGBT kids get kicked out of their homes," said DeRuiter.
Too often, LGBT youths and young adults are ostracized by their families – based on church teachings – and wind up disconnected and on the streets.
GIFT and the "Gay Christian? Yes!" Campaign, which works to spread the message that you can be gay and Christian, will also be present. Our persistent message of hope and affirmation is crucial for youths and all who are told they are worthless and something to be dismissed just because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or questioning.
To be able to spread our message of hope and affirmation in the neighborhoods and on the streets of Grand Rapids is indeed a blessing for GIFT and for all those who will hear. Our website includes a growing list of inclusive churches and more churches are wanting to know how they can embrace all of God's children. We regularly connect with people of faith who attest to the difference it has made in their lives to have found a supportive faith community.
Pastor DeRuiter is a Christian Reformed Church pastor whose small community of believers come from the parent church of Eastern Avenue Christian Reformed Church. "I want to figure out how we can best be a church for our LGBT brothers and sisters, even though our Christian Reformed Church has miles to travel. How can we approach this as a church? We have gay members, they just want to know how to be a disciple of Christ," said the pastor.
So one way to reach out to multiple communities is to create a festival. He will not be preaching at the six-hour event. He will have free Bibles available and a box for prayer requests and literature about their church. It will mostly be multiple musicians, diverse information and a chance to get to know and learn about each other. There will also be vegan treats for sale.
Other justice groups expected are Safe Haven Ministries, which provides help for women in abusive relationships. The Inner City Christian Federation which helps create affordable housing and the East Hills Council of Neighborhoods which works on community development and building strong, safe, connected neighborhoods. Square Inch Church is in the East Hills neighborhood.
"We are letting people know we are a Christian community in this neighborhood and we aim to be a safe place for you. My prayer is that people will know who we are and seek out questions about us and the universe in a Christian context," said DeRuiter.
He calls the expected music the "the Best local Band Lineup of the Summer." They are:
Heartside Hooligans: http://heartsidehooligans.bandcamp.com/album/heartside-hooligans-2
Care: http://care.bandcamp.com/
Circle Maybe: http://circlemaybe.bandcamp.com/
Alert (hip hop from Chicago) http://www.facebook.com/thealertlive/app_204974879526524
The Soil and the Sun: http://thesoilandthesun.com/
Cains and Abels: http://cainsandabels.tumblr.com/
Ghost Heart: http://www.ghostheart.com/
For more information on Inch Fest, search "Inch Fest 7/20 Free Admission!" on Facebook.
Churches, please tell us of your programs and efforts to include the LGBT community and we will help spread the word on Theresa's Table. Send story ideas and church information to email@example.com
In Joy,
Theresa D. McClellan
Faith Advocacy Coordinator
Gays In Faith Together (GIFT)


text:
Hang tight!
Recipe by Campbell's Kitchen
"One of the benefits of using Swanson® stock for gravy is the rich stock flavor combines with the drippings in the pan to make a great-tasting mashed potato topper."
Hmm. None of these ingredients are on sale today.
Show ingredients on sale
Sort stores by
Save money at local stores when ingredients are on sale!
Watch video tips and tricks
1 (12 pound) turkey, prepared according to package directions
3 1/2 cups Swanson® Chicken Stock
6 tablespoons all-purpose flour
The only way to go! If your family needs browned skin, simply put a piece of foil (large enough to cover entire pot) then put the lid on. The reflective properties of the foil will brown your skin!
I would advise turkey novices to do a bit of reading and asking questions about gravy making. The directions here could lead to disaster if a new cook got "rid of the fat" - Does that mean dumping all the drippings? How do I tell which is fat? How do I separate it? Can you imagine what will happen if the stock and flour are stirred in the pan without any direction to cook the flour and gradually add the liquid and constantly whisking. Most of us who enjoy our holiday meals consider the gravy to be one of the stars of the show. It's a shame that due to poor and thoughtless directions from Campbells Kitchen the gravy is a flop.
13 Ratings
This recpe is not for the "roasted turkey" it is only for the gravy. A lot of details have been left out though and done as directed you're going to end up with a disaster. You need to whisk together a cup of room temperature (or cool) liquid/broth with the flour before adding it to the drippings in the pan or else you are going to end up with lumpy lumpy lumpy, did I say LUMPY? gravy. And then continue to stir/whisk constantly while it is cooking over medium-hi heat til it starts to boil, then reduce heat to med-low and simmer til thickened. As written this is a recipe for disaster! I hope this helps.
This is the way my grandmother made it, adding seasonings to her taste. Fast, simple and delicious homemade flavor.
A little salty. I might use sodium free stock next time. Overall a very good and easy gravy! I will repeat what others have said....add flour gradually!!
This was so ood. I wil definitely be doing it again next year. As I poured it into my gravy pourer, I wondered if it was thick enough, but it seemed to thicken up a little bit on it's own. Yummy!!
Best Turkey Gravy recipe I ever made. Delicious!!
it was really bland. it needs more spices added to the gravy. I will never be making this again. If you try it, try it once before your big day.. because you would hate to be disaapoinnted by this bland recipe
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Roasted Turkey and Pan Gravy
Serving Size: 1/12 of a recipe Servings Per Recipe: 12 Amount Per Serving Calories: 691 Calories from Fat: 283
We have over 150 different ways to take chicken from everyday to gourmet.
All the tenderest leaves, baby vegetables, and early fruits are ready for the picking.
Great recipes and cooking tips! For a limited time, get a year of Allrecipes Magazine for $5.99.
This top-rated turkey gravy always comes out smooth and creamy. No lumps!
This brine infuses your bird with flavor and makes it moist.
This gravy is rich and delicious. It's great for holidays or any time!


text:
Scanlon, Kathleen (2009) Foreign exchange. Inside Housing, Online . ISSN 0950-3358
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Council housing debt is a hot topic at the moment in England thanks to the ongoing review of the housing revenue account. In most other countries, however, it's not an issue as such — either local authorities don't directly own much social housing (Denmark, the Netherlands), and/or their debt levels aren't subject to central government control (the USA, Germany). So how do they do it? Read on for a snapshot of how five countries handle social housing finance and lessons they might hold for their English counterparts.
Item Type: | Article |
Official URL: | http://www.insidehousing.co.uk/ |
Additional Information: | © 2009 Inside Housing |
Library of Congress subject classification: | H Social Sciences > HJ Public Finance H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform |
Sets: | Research centres and groups > LSE London Centre for Urban and Metropolitan Research |
Date Deposited: | 10 Nov 2010 12:24 |
URL: | http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29918/ |
Actions (login required)
Record administration - authorised staff only |


text:
Environmental Health News
Latin American Program in the News: "Analyst urges broader look at Amazon oil resources' local impacts"
Mar 24, 2014
This article discusses the Latin American Program event "Oil Sparks in the Amazon: Local Conflicts, Indigenous Populations, and Natural Resources."
CEF Director Jennifer Turner Comments on China's Global Environmental Impact
Jan 24, 2014
A recent study published by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that pollution from heavy industry concentrated in eastern China is drifting across the Pacific Ocean and helping foul the air on North America's west coast. Interviewed by The Globe and Mail (Canada), Dr.Turner comments on the responsibility for China's pollution problem.
Roger-Mark De Souza Named Director of Population, Environmental Change, and Security
Apr 22, 2013
Noted population-environment expert Roger-Mark De Souza joins the Wilson Center as Director of Population, Environmental Change, and Security. De Souza will lead programs on reproductive and maternal health, environmental security, and livelihoods, including the Center's Environmental Change and Security Program and the Global Health Initiative.
Business Insider: Dr. Turner discusses the Cost of Smog to China
Mar 06, 2013
Business Insider interviewed CEF Director Jennifer Turner for the article, "Pollution is Costing China's Economy More than $100 Billion a Year."
NPR's Diane Rehm Show: CEF Director Jennifer Turner Discusses Cost of Pollution in China
Mar 06, 2013
On March 5 at 11 am EST, CEF Director Jennifer Turner appeared on National Public Radio's (NPR) The Diane Rehm Show to discuss the public health and economic costs associated with China's pollution.
2012's Top 'New Security Beat' Posts
Jan 03, 2013
If 2011 was the year of political demography, then 2012 was perhaps when the full intersection of natural resource management, population dynamics, development, and security came into focus.
Africa UP Close
Dec 04, 2012
The Africa Program and the Project on Leadership and Building State Capacity launch new blog - join the discussion today!
Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy Blog Features CEF Event
Jul 31, 2012
Ethan Goffman discusses the findings of experts who gathered for CEF's coal event on the Sspp blog.
In Mongolia, Climate Change and Mining Boom Threaten National Identity
Jul 24, 2012
Mongolia, a vast, sparsely populated country almost as large as Western Europe, is at once strikingly poor and strikingly rich. Its GDP per capita falls just below that of war-torn Iraq, and Ulan Bator has some of the worst air pollution ever recorded in a capital city. At the same time, Mongolia sits atop some of the world's largest mineral reserves, worth trillions of dollars, and its economy, already one of the world's fastest growing, could expand by a factor of six by the end of the decade as those reserves are developed.
Jun 19, 2012
Follow the events of Rio+20: United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development


text:
Chaplain's Corner
Short essays written for the La Jolla Veteran's Hospital newsletter in La Jolla, California
A recent report issued by the American Psychiatric Association pointed out the importance of family in healing.i Specifically cited were findings released by for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research of the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center regarding factors in healing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Chaplains and Pastoral Counselors of all religious traditions are in a unique position to aid in such treatment, as stated in the chaplain resource material: "chaplain's strengths have been in the offering of care to patients, families and staff, and in building an intuitive sense of the importance of the care they provide."ii
Care to individuals in the context of their families is central to religious traditions. Speaking in the Buddhist tradition, the Dali Lama has said: "The ultimate source of peace in the family, the country, and the world is altruism."iii The Bhagavad-Gita (68: 8-9) points out: "They are completely fulfilled by spiritual wisdom and Self-realization . . .They are equally disposed to family, enemies, and friends, to those who support them and those who are hostile, to the good and the evil alike. Because they are impartial, they rise to great heights."
The ancient Hebrew people certainly considered family a blessing. As king and psalmist David writes: "Behold, thus shall the man be blessed that feareth the Lord. May the Lord bless thee out of Sion: and mayest thou see the good things of Jerusalem all the days of thy life. And mayest thou see thy children' s children, peace upon Israel." (Ps 127: 4-6) From a contemporary Jewish perspective, Rabbi David Rosen tells us: "Indeed, the family was the focus of Jewish joy and light, warmth and compassion."iv The Islamic view, likewise, is quite emphatic on the criticality of family and religion, one Islamic scholar writes: "No religion can be regarded as complete unless it has a well-defined code of family life "v
Such focus on the importance of family is certainly central to Christian tradition. St. John Chrysostom, the great Father of the Eastern Church, likens marriage and family to the Godhead: "Shall I also tell you how marriage [and family] is a mystery of the Church? The Church was made from the side of Christ, and He united Himself to her in a spiritual intercourse . . . [quoting St. Paul (2Cor 11: 2)] "I betrothed you to Christ to present you as a pure virgin to her one husband""vi Saintly Elder Paisios of the Holy Mountain would have us consider that family care and love must start with the parents. He tells us: "Parents must cultivate love for one another between the children, in this way preparing the groundwork [to strengthen the family]."vii It can be put this way: All those stronger (be they other family members, friends or chaplains) can be enlisted to help the one in need.
i http://alert.psychiatricnews.org/
ii http://www.professionalchaplains.org/content.asp?pl=86&sl=100&contentid=100#religion_health
iv rabbidavidrosen.net/Articles/Judaism/Family%20in%20Judaism.doc?
v http://www.al-islam.org/islamic-family-life-sayyid-akhtar-rizvi/family
vi St. John Chrysostom. (2003). On marriage and family life. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
vii Elder Paisios of Mount Athos. (2012). Spiritual Counsels, V. 4: Family life. Thessaloniki, Greece: Holy Monastery Evangelist John the Theologian [p. 107].
Visit Fr. Morelli's Facebook page.
V. Rev. Fr. George Morelli Ph.D. is a licensed Clinical Psychologist and Marriage and Family Therapist.
Fr. Morelli is the Coordinator of the Chaplaincy and Pastoral Counseling Ministry of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese and Religion Coordinator (and Antiochian Archdiocesan Liaison) of the Orthodox Christian Association of Medicine, Psychology and Religion.
Fr. Morelli is a Senior Fellow at the Sophia Institute, an independent Orthodox Advanced Research Association and Philanthropic Foundation housed at Columbia University and Union Theological Seminary in New York City that serves as a gathering force for contemporary Orthodox scholars, theologians, spiritual teachers, and ethicists.
Fr. Morelli serves on the Executive Board of the San Diego Cognitive Behavior Therapy Consortium (SDCBTC)
Fr. Morelli serves as Assistant Pastor of St. George's Antiochian Orthodox Church, San Diego, California.
Fr. Morelli is the author of:


text:
Quality Inn & Suites Southwest 2800 Greenway Dr. Jackson, MS 39204 Phone: (601) 922-5600 Fax: (601) 922-0768 |
»Metrocenter Mall
Stunning design and a great layout make for easy shopping in the largest shopping outlet in the state. Towering glass canopies let in the sunlight to feed the rows of palms and ferns that line the walkways between such stores as Dillards, McRae's, Sears plus over 114 specialty shops, boutiques and restaurants. A busy food court features offerings of Italian, Chinese, Mexican and lots of traditional Southern goodies. The Metrocenter Mall is located just off I-220 near Highway 80.
»Royal Bleau
Royal Bleau is a popular boutique in Jackson that specializes in providing edgy and sophisticated fashions for women. This shop carries shoes and accessories, such as flower crowns, in addition to dresses, tshirts and jumpsuits. There is also a selection of plus size clothing, making the fashions accessible to every body type.
»Material Girls
Material Girls is always on the cutting edge of fashion. With four stores throughout Mississippi and an online shop, this retailer is the perfect place to find trendy women's clothing at any price point. Material Girls specializes in unique, hard-to-find items, ensuring that your wardrobe will be as unique as you are.
»Deville Camera and Video
This is a good basic camera store with two locations in Jackson. The main store in Deville Plaza sells cameras, camera equipment, film, video recorders, picture frames and related items. In addition to developing film in a variety of formats, the store also offers one-hour processing, video transfers and passport photos. The downtown store at 401 East Capitol Street is smaller and focuses on developing and selling film. Established in 1977, the store has prospered over the years thanks due to its friendly staff and its reputation for offering reliable film work to the general customer.
»Olde Tyme Commissary
Old Tyme Commissary is one of the most popular toy stores in Jackson. This shop offers a variety of enjoyments for kids of all ages and interests, including toys to stimulate children's imaginations and toys to get kids up, active and living healthy lifestyles. This shop has been a Highland Village staple since 1972.
»Mississippi Farmers Market
The Mississippi Farmer's Market is the community's central space to find the freshest produce raised by local Mississippi farmers. This market is a mix of products from both large and small farms, and this farmer's market is the largest of its kind in the state. The all-weather facility near the fairgrounds ensures that fresh produce is available any day, rain or shine.
»High Street Antique Mall
Browsing from storefront to storefront is a relaxing way to spend an afternoon, but if you're serious about your antiquing then head over to High Street. This amazing cooperative, between many of the area's most industrious traders, features over 100 dealer spaces representing just about every specialty in the antique game. Furniture and accessory items are the chief draw, but the stock here also includes some of the most interesting and culturally unique collectables to be found in the South.
»Antique Market
Owners of this five thousand square foot building import directly from England, which helps keep everything realistically priced. They make two to three trips each year to purchase beautiful furniture, clocks, and decorative accessories. The merchandise is always interesting and you can find great pieces at affordable prices. Take home an antiquarian book treasure or something from one of the over thirty other antique venders that lease space from the building owners.
»Treehouse Boutique
Treehouse Boutique is known as the store with the pink door. This shop stocks a variety of fashions and accessories for women, for any season and any occasion. This Fondren District shop stocks a few big name designers in addition to more affordable pieces to keep your wardrobe looking fresh and trendy.
»Orange Peel
This trendy consignment shop is located in the always interesting Fondren area of Jackson. A shopper will never get bored looking through the eclectic clothes that this store sells. They consign vintage and gently worn clothes and shoes in women's, men's and plus sizes. In addition to clothes, The Orange Peel carries accessories including jewelry, scarves, vests, ties and even kitchen aprons. The prices are very affordable and the price gradually lowers on inventory depending on how long it has been in the shop. This store is for shoppers who are looking for something unique at an affordable price.
»Morningbell Records & Studios
As the name suggests, Morningbell Records & Studios is a music venue-cum-music shop. It stocks and sells second hand CDs, vinyl records and cassettes too. Apart from that, it also hosts concerts that feature local artists and bands. Most of the events are 18 and above; for more details check website.
»Lemuria Books
This independent bookstore's eclectic selection, knowledgeable staff and welcoming environment are unmatched in the city. Lemuria has prospered in a time of large chain bookstores due to its attention to individual customers and their reading interests. It is one of best stores in the nation for contemporary Southern writing. Hosting author readings on Wednesday nights, it holds frequent signings by nationally known writers. The first editions room includes signed works by Ernest Hemingway, Eudora Welty, Alice Walker and other greats. The store also has a full-time children's book buyer and an excellent children's section named OZ.


text:
Ignoring the moral and intellectual shape of the law after Bland: the unintended side-effect of a sorry compromise
Coggon, John (2007) Ignoring the moral and intellectual shape of the law after Bland: the unintended side-effect of a sorry compromise. Legal Studies, 27, (1), 110-125. (doi:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2006.00042.x).
Full text not available from this repository.
In this paper, I explore the sanctity of life doctrine and consider the scope of s 4(5) of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, a provision designed to give statutory effect to the sanctity principle. Rather than question the intellectual validity of the doctrine, I examine the legal and practical problems created by this limited section. I argue that it necessarily creates dilemmas for medical practitioners, which could only be avoided by a wholesale adoption of the principle. I conclude, therefore, that the provision fails to ensure a coherent moral and intellectual shape to the law
Item Type: | Article |
ISSNs: | 0261-3875 (print) 1748-121X (electronic) |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine |
Divisions: | Faculty of Business and Law > Southampton Law School |
ePrint ID: | 342962 |
Date Deposited: | 19 Oct 2012 13:14 |
Last Modified: | 27 Mar 2014 20:25 |
URI: | http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/id/eprint/342962 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |


text:
Review and change the name ratings you've made throughout the site
Create a private list of your favorite names or share it with the Nameberry community to flex your naming muscles
Manage all the name subscription emails you've set up
Change your email address and your password
- this week
We're excited that you have an opinion about the name Effemy. To rate names on Nameberry, please register for an account or log in to an existing account.
You will receive an email (no more than once per day) summarizing any new mentions of Effemy on Nameberry. Would you like to follow Effemy?
Variation of Effie
Amarantha Effie Elaine Enid Eulalie Kelly Lili Lucasta Maida Nemo Severin Solveig Thoreau Wilko Willoughby Show me more names similar to Effemy Comment on Effemy
Please add to or correct the information provided by other members of the Nameberry community.
Exclusive Nameberry picks, direct to you.


text:
I must say, that's a cute little ass. It's not always such a flattering pose you know, what with the seat spread factor and all.
Oh, yeah...I'm talking about the one on the left.
(Via Get Outdoors)
« Beautiful bicycling butts | Main | Allure + Desire »
TrackBack URL for this entry:
Listed below are links to weblogs that reference Naked bike riders get thirsty too, you know:
The comments to this entry are closed.


text:
Alumni Impact: 75,000 SCA Members and Counting
This year, SCA reaches a milestone – over 75,000 members will have served the planet with SCA. A recent alumni survey shows that their impact goes far beyond their hands-on service with SCA. It has fostered an appreciation and focus on conservation and eco-minded living that is making the planet more sustainable.
You can help us continue our mission. Give Today
Help SCA Make a Difference.


text:
Wayne Larrivee
Wayne Larrivee is the play-by-play voice of the World Champion Green Bay Packers. He's calling NCAA games this weekend on Westwood One. He joined Robert today to talk about March Madness matchups, and his time working with the legendary Harry Caray. Podcast after the jump.
Wayne Larrivee on the Robert Wuhl Show


text:
Venezia a 50, a large format coffee table book printed on premium paper, focuses on color and black and white images of Venice, Italy.
The Author is donating all proceeds, approximately $10 per book, after publishing and manufacturing fees to Kiva.org. Kiva provides micro-credit loans to people in emerging countries. Loans as low as $25 afford people to become more self-suffcient.
Images cover topics such as: Venice market place, Venice Cemetary, Piazza San Marco, Rialto area, Burano island, and Murano island.
Share the images in this book and give indirectly with Kiva.


text:
Photoshop CS3. 2010.
Illustration specially made for the II Barcelona' Steampunk Con. My first steps in steampunk.
Congrats on the Daily Inspiration Feature #124
Congrats, this piece has been featured on Abduzeedo's Daily Inspiration #869
Amazing and brilliant work .. this looks awesome.
Don't forget to add tags to your work, it will help you gain more views!


text:
Gamestop deal of the week, Playstation 2 Used MB Memory Card $4.99. Selection may vary, which means look for the Sony brand ones, and says available in all stores. Checked it is unavailable online. Should be good through 6-17.
Gamestop Playstation 2 Used 8 mb Memory Card $4.99
By jumpiestranger2, Jun 10 2011 07:43 AM


text:
Add To Favorites
Every neighborhood is full of interesting stories. Gather friends to record favorite local scenes in cut-paper collages similar to those made by Faith Ringgold.
Use Crayola® Scissors to cut large squares from construction paper.
Think about what you see in your neighborhood. Cut a variety of paper shapes to show the landscape in your collage. If you live in a city, you might use geometric shapes to represent buildings. If you live in the country, perhaps you see green fields, mountains, or forests.
Glue your shapes to the larger square with Crayola Glue Sticks.
Using Crayola Markers and Crayons, add drawings of your friends and family doing their favorite things.
Arrange several quilt squares together on posterboard. Attach them with a glue stick. What stories can you share using the Neighborhood Quilt as a beginning?
Let's make something!
Explore celebrations across the globe! Capture a celebratory moment of your own by designing a colorful fabric banner!
Add To Favorites Processsing...Processsing...
Research your family heritage to find out where they've been and how you got to where you are now. Use Crayola® Bright F
Contribute to your holiday festivities with beautifully decorated dreidel.
Tap into your inner diva! Design fashionable, fun, and colorful surprise accessories with Crayola Color Explosion™ White
Celebrate human diversity! Children think about the freedoms they enjoy, and remember the work of civil rights leaders s
Show your love of reading with this handmade bookmark! Mark your place in a favorite book or give it as a gift to a spec
Surprise someone you love with a bold bouquet of flowers! These are so colorful your green thumb will want to make more!
Carry your books in style in your very own bookbag. Jazz it up with bright colors and cool designs!


text:
{{ title }}
{{ link.name }}NEW! SAVE BIG ON YOUR NEXT PROJECT WITH PREMIUM PACKS
South Korean marines man K-55 self-propelled howitzers at a military... News PhotoAdult,Armored Tank,Army Soldier,Cannon,City,Geographical Border,Horizontal,Howitzer,Marines,Men,Military,Military Training,Paju,Politics,South KoreaPhotographer JUNG YEON-JECollection: AFP 2013 AFPSouth Korean marines man K-55 self-propelled howitzers at a military training field in the border city of Paju on on April 1, 2013. South Korea's new president on April 1 promised a strong military response to any North Korean provocation after Pyongyang announced that the two countries were now in a state of war. AFP PHOTO / JUNG YEON-JE (Photo credit should read JUNG YEON-JE/AFP/Getty Images)


text:
Featured Member
Welcome To Dance Source Houston
Bookmark The Dance Card for up-to-the-minute listings of Houston dance events. Get the dish on dance news at The Dance DiSH. And come visit us at The Barn (formerly Barnevelder), our performance space for dance and theatre arts.
For Dance Artists, we offer a full range of Programs and Resources to help you build audiences and foster appreciation for contemporary dance.
We hope to see you soon!


text:
Dedicated to safety
Employee safety is an integral part of an employer's responsibility. Novartis Group companies are committed to providing our associates with safe workplaces.
Reducing accidents is a top priority for Novartis. We have systems in place to prevent accidents and ensure our operations are safe. Ongoing training programs for employees and annual targets aim to bring us closer to our goal of an accident-free environment for all Group company associates.
Safety culture
Occupational safety is influenced by employee behavior. Programs emphasizing safe behavior support an integrated approach to personal health and safety, because accidents and incidents are endpoints in a chain of events. The root cause may be technical, but decisions and behavior can have a significant impact on the frequency and severity of accidents or incidents.
Novartis strives to create a safety culture including:
- Continuous improvement: Promoting a safety culture is an ongoing effort.
- Adaptability: Effective safety culture programs are adapted to the individual circumstances of a country, site or department.
- Involvement and accountability: Associates on all levels must be engaged to create ownership and commitment. All lost time accidents as well as incidents and near-misses with high potential to result in accidents are reported and recorded as learning opportunities.
- Problem-solving: Novartis aims to create an open and honest culture, where problems and risks can be identified and resolved by involving Group company associates at all levels.
Reporting accidents
Work-related injuries and illnesses among affiliates' associates are measured and reported as two distinct indicators:
- Total recordable case rate (TRCR): the total rate of injury and illness cases with and without lost work time
- Lost time injury and illness rate (LTIR): the rate of absenteeism cases due to occupational injury and illness
As a result of systematic improvements in processes and protective measures, these numbers have declined each year. In 2013, our TRCR was 0.42, exceeding our improvement target of 5% compared to 2012. Our LTIR was 0.12, exceeding our target of 0.14.
Handling biological materials is an integral and essential part of research, development and manufacturing programs at Novartis. Biological materials can include human or animal pathogens, and experimental or transgenic animals.
We take great care to ensure we prevent material misuse. Our biosafety program sets out standards, tools and practices for associates to manage potential risks when handling biological materials. Risk management and safety measures are stipulated in our guidelines on biosafety and in our detailed guidance notes. These standards are binding and based on best practice. We regularly assess compliance through audits at sites conducting biological activities.
Novartis also supports the goals and objectives of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) as well as the protocol on compliance with the convention.


text:
Jeff Zucker's Suicide
… according to a now deleted entry on Wikipedia. Hint: it includes a shotgun, and possibly a gerbil.
This post was created by a user and has not been vetted or endorsed by BuzzFeed's editorial staff. BuzzFeed Community is a place where anyone can post awesome lists and creations. Learn more or post your buzz!