text:
7 reasons not to mess with children.
A little girl was talking to her teacher about whales.
The teacher said it was physically impossible for a whale to swallow a human because even though it was a very large mammal its throat was very small.
The little girl stated that Jonah (in bible) was swallowed by a whale.
Irritated, the teacher reiterated that a whale could not swallow a human; it was physically impossible.
The little girl said, "When I get to heaven I will ask Jonah".
The teacher asked, "What if Jonah went to hell?"
The little girl replied, "Then you ask him".
A Kindergarten teacher was observing her classroom of children while they were drawing. She would occasionally walk around to see each child's work.
As she got to one little girl who was working diligently, she asked what the drawing was.
The girl replied, "I'm drawing God."
The teacher paused and said, "But no one knows what God looks like."
Without missing a beat, or looking up from her drawing, the girl replied, "They will in a minute."
A Sunday school teacher was discussing the Ten Commandments with her five and six year olds.
After explaining the commandment to "honor" thy Father and thy Mother, she asked, "Is there a commandment that teaches us how to treat our brothers and sisters?"
Without missing a beat one little boy (the oldest of a family) answered, "Thou shall not kill."
One day a little girl was sitting and watching her mother do the dishes at the kitchen sink. She suddenly noticed that her mother had several strands of white hair sticking out in contrast on her brunette head.
She looked at her mother and inquisitively asked, "Why are some of your hairs white, Mom?"
Her mother replied, "Well, every time that you do something wrong and make me cry or unhappy, one of my hairs turns white."
The little girl thought about this revelation for a while and then said, "Then why are ALL of grandma's hairs white?"
The children had all been photographed, and the teacher was trying to persuade them each to buy a copy of the group picture.
"Just think how nice it will be to look at it when you are all grown up and say, 'There's Jennifer, she's a lawyer,' or 'That's Michael, He's a doctor.'
A small voice at the back of the room rang out, "And there's the teacher, she's dead."
A teacher was giving a lesson on the circulation of the blood. Trying to make the matter clearer, she said, "Now, class, if I stood on my head, the blood, as you know, would run into it, and I would turn red in the face."
"Yes," the class said.
"Then why is it that while I am standing upright in the ordinary position the blood doesn't run into my feet?"
A little fellow shouted, "Cause your feet ain't empty."
The children were lined up in the cafeteria of a Catholic elementary school for lunch. At the head of the table was a large pile of apples. The nun made a note, and posted on the apple tray:
"Take only ONE. God is watching."
Moving further along the lunch line, at the other end of the table was a large pile of chocolate chip cookies.
A child had written a note, "Take all you want. God is watching the apples.
TEACHER: Why are you late? LJOHNY: Because of the sign. TEACHER: What sign? LJOHNY: The one that says, "School Ahead, Go Slow."
TEACHER: Johny, why are you doing your maths sums on the floor? LJOHNY: You told me to do it without using tables!
TEACHER: Johny, how do you spell "crocodile"? LJOHNY: "KROKODAIL" TEACHER: No, that's wrong LJOHNY: Maybe it's wrong, but you ask me how I spell it!
TEACHER: What is the chemical formula for water? LJOHNY: "HIJKLMNO"!! TEACHER: What are you talking about? LJOHNY: Yesterday you said it's H to O!
TEACHER: George, go to the map and find North America. GEORGE: Here it is! TEACHER: Correct. Now, Johny, who discovered America? LJOHNY: George!
TEACHER: Johny, name one important thing we have today that we didn't have ten years ago. LJOHNY: Me!
TEACHER: Johny, why do you always get so dirty? LJOHNY: Well, I'm a lot closer to the ground then you are.
LJOHNY: Dad, can you write in the dark? FATHER: I think so. What do you want me To write? LJOHNY: Your name on this report card.
TEACHER: How can you prevent diseases caused by biting insects? LJOHNY: Don't bite any.
TEACHER: Johny, give me a sentence starting with "I". LJOHNY: I is... TEACHER: No, Johny. Always say, "I am." LJOHNY: All right... "I am the ninth letter of the alphabet."
Teacher: "Can anybody give an example of COINCIDENCE?" LJohnny : "Sir, my Mother and Father got married on the sameday sametime."
Teacher: "George Washington not only chopped down his father's Cherry tree, but also admitted doing it. Now do you know why his father didn't punish him?" LJohnny : "Because George still had the axe in his hand."
Teacher: Now, children, if I saw a man beating a donkey and stopped him, what virtue would I be showing? LJohnny: Brotherly love.
Teacher: Now, Johny, tell me frankly do you say prayers before eating? LJohnny : No sir, I don't have to, my mom is a good cook.
Teacher: Johny, your composition on "My Dog" is exactly the same as your brother's. Did u copy his? LJohnny: No, teacher, it's the same dog!
Teacher: What do you call a person who keeps on talking when people are no longer interested? LJohnny : A teacher
Why Indians don't need to fix a match:
Indians are honest people. A bookie calls Hansie Cronje before the match between India and South Africa. Cell phone rings. Hansie picks up.
Cronje : hello Bookie : I am ....... Here. Cronje : yes tell me
Bookie : how is the pitch Cronje : ya dry and good for batting Bookie : I want u to loose today's match
Cronje : impossible Bookie : I will pay u $200,000 Cronje : will be difficult to make India win.
Bookie : I will pay u $250,000 Cronje : May be I could help you by reducing the margin... u tell by what margin we should win... will be much more easier
Bookie : no India should win Cronje : OK. I will try my best Bookie : no make it. Cronje : OK.
Bookie : what will be the score Cronje : 300, if we bat first Bookie : no make it 220 Cronje : Impossible. Agarkar and Joshi are playing.
Bookie : 220 no change. Cronje : I will try Bookie : OK. If India bat first Cronje : 180
Bookie : no make it 275 Cronje : no u are asking too much. Dravid is playing. Bookie : OK make it $300,000
Cronje : This would be the toughest match in my life Bookie : OK, deal is made. Cronje : yes Bookie : bye.
Match starts India bats first. India score only 220 in 50 overs. During the lunch break Hansie's cell rings.
Cronje : hello Bookie : its me. why did India score only 220. Our deal was 275. Cronje : What can I do ? They run one when they could run three, defend full toss, get out on wide balls, all catches and shots...I mean, if there is any... exactly directed to the fielders. But I will tell you this, Indians are too good at this,I tried re-arranging the field...but they never miss a fielder.
Bookie : still u could bowl more no-balls. We got only 63 extras. Cronje : I asked all my bowlers to bowl badly. I also made Kirsten and Gibbs bowl. Bookie : Okay... leave that... I want u to loose the match.
Cronje : I will try. Bookie : South Africa should be all out for 180 Cronje : OK. Bookie : bye.
S. Africa bats. They are making a serious attempt to not hit the ball and if at all they hit trying their best to hit to the fielders. They try to run only singles for doubles. But sometimes, they can't stop themselves from running. All South African batsmen charged down to Joshi's bowling and they purposely miss the ball hoping at least one would hit the stumps. But they got to run a bye for that as Dighe is still searching for the ball. Inspite of the bad display of batting, they score 218 of 49 overs.
Last over, 3 runs required, the worst part is that its an Agarkar over. Hansie is batting with Strydom. Bookie gets really furious. Hansie is ready to face the last over his cell rings (he plays with his cell).
Cronje : hello Bookie : its me. What are you upto ? Cronje : We tried the best we could Bookie : OK forget it. I want u to loose the match
Cronje : what can I do. Fate !!! Agarkar is bowling Bookie : I don't know... u are loosing
Agarkar bowls... Hansie tries to hide his bat behind his back. But the ball hits the bat and goes to third man. So they take a single.
(cell rings) Cronje : sorry what can I do I was hiding my bat but still the ball comes and hit my bat. If I play much worse than this everybody will find out.
Bookie : (gets really tensed). OK I can understand. But please don't take last two run
Hansie talks to Strydom. Agarkar bowls... a juicy full toss. Strydom uses all his batting skills to restrict that one to a single. Scores are level (cell rings) . Bookie : OK. Past is past. Atleast finish it in a tie. I don't know what u are going to do u are not taking a single or u give u'r bat to the umpire.
Cronje : OK. OK. Don't worry this time I will see to it we are not taking the single. Let it be obvious also. I am not taking the single. Agarkar bowls, unfortunately he bowls a no ball. South Africa wins the match. Bookie goes mad and Hansie faints in the field itself.
Moral : Indians don't need to fix a match.
Men on earth die and go to heaven.
God comes and says," I want the men to form two queues - one line for the men who dominated their women, and the other one for the men who were dominated by their women. Also, I want all the women to go away so that no man and woman can talk."
Next time God comes back, the women are gone, and there are two lines.The line for the men who were dominated by their women is 100 miles long, and in the line of men who dominated their women there is only one man.
God gets mad and says, "You men should be ashamed of yourselves. I created you in my image, and you were all whipped by your mates.
Look at the only one of my sons who stood up and made me proud. Learn from him!
Tell them, my son, how did you manage to be the only one in this line?"
The man replies, "I don't know, my wife told me to stand here."
Sardar Santa Singh is the english teacher in a school. He is very well known as all his students do very well in exams. the classroom : Santa Singh : "Bolo bachchon GADHA" Students (in chorus) : "GADHA " Santa Singh : "Bolo bachchon GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA" Students (in chorus) : "GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA " Santa Singh : "Bolo bachchon GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PECHE MAIN" Students (in chorus) : "GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PECHE MAIN" Santa Singh : "Bolo bachchon GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PWECHHE MAIN AUR MERE PEECHHE SAARA DESH " Students (in chorus) : "GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE MAIN AUR MERE PEECHHE SAARA DESH" By this time the inspector is furious . He confronts the principal and shouts at him "What is this Santa Singh teaching the students. He is supposed to be taking an english class and what he is saying is GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE MAI AUR MERE PECHE SAARA DESH . The principle too is shocked , Santa Singh the famous english teacher doing this. He immediately sends for for Santa Singh. Principal : " Santa singh ji what nonsense are you telling these students, GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE GADHA, GADHE KE PEECHHE MAIN AUR MERE PECHE SAARA DESH". Santa Singh : " Yes I was saying all this in class, but I was only teaching the students the spellings of ASSASSINATION. " ASS ASS I Nation
A man goes to the doctor and says, "Doctor, wherever I touch, it hurts."
The doctor asks, "What do you mean?"
The man says, "When I touch my shoulder, it really hurts. If I touch my knee - OUCH! When I touch my forehead, it really,really hurts." The doctor says, "I know what's wrong with you - you've broken your finger!"
One guy was selected as a Trainee Clerk to a private company and on the first day of work, he had to answer the phone for one for one of Phone Calls :
Caller : I'd like to talk to MR. Jones,
Clerk : He is not in his seat, call later.
Caller : I need to talk to some body else in the department;
Clerk : No body in the department, I told you to call later. ok?
Caller : Do you know who am I?
Clerk : No.!
Caller : I'm the Managing Director of the the company...;
Clerk : Do you know who am I?
Caller : No...!
Clerk : Thank GOD..!
He kept the phone.
Twins were born in sardarjis house, allnight he did not sleep thinking who is the father of the second child!!!!
Santa Singh saw a man pick pocketing a purse. Thief: There is Rs 150 in the purse. We can take 50_50. Sardar slowly asked him,"what abt the balance 50"
Husband asks, Do u know the meaning of WIFE. It means...Without InformationFighting Evrytime! WIFE on hearing this says, it could also mean-With Idiot For Ever.
Santa Singh had called an Englishman for lunch. There was curd on the table. The guest asked what is this? Santa Singh didn't know English, he said "Milk sleeping in night, morning becomes tight"
Teacher: What is 5 plus 4? Mr. Bean: 9 Teacher: What is 4 plus 5? Mr. Bean: Are you trying to fool me, you've just twisted the figure, the answer is 6!!
Friend: How was the tape you borrowed from me, is it OK? Mr. Bean: What do you mean OK, I thought it's a horror film. I didn't see any picture. Friend: What tape did you took anyway? Mr. Bean: Head Cleaner.
Mr. Bean's Son: Dad, what is the spelling of successful ....is it one c or two c? Mr. Bean: Make it three c to be sure!
Doctor: I regret to tell you that you have a brain tumor. Mr. Bean: Yesss!!! (jumps in joy) Doctor: Did you understand what I just told you? Mr. Bean: Yes of course, do you think I'm dumb? Doctor: Then why are you so happy? Mr. Bean: Because that proves that I have a brain!
Friend: How many women do you believe must a man marry? Mr. Bean: 16 Friend: Why? Mr. Bean: Because the priest says 4 richer, 4 poorer, 4 better and 4 worse.
wife went to the police station with her next-door neighbor to report that her husband was missing. The policeman asked for a description. She said, "He's 35 years old, 6 foot 4, has dark eyes, dark wavy hair, an athletic build, weighs 185 pounds, is soft-spoken, and is good to the children." The next-door neighbor protested, "Your husband is 5 foot 4, chubby, bald, has a big mouth, and is mean to your children." The wife replied, "Yes, but who wants HIM back?"
Woman: These men are really fools, you tell them something, they would listen with one ear and then pass it out from the another. Man : It's still better, you tell something to a women, she would listen with both the ears and then pour it out through the mouth.
Interviewer : Give me the opposite words.
Banta Singh : Ok
Interviewer : Made in India
Banta Singh : Destroyed in Pakistan
Interviewer : Good... Keep it Up
Banta Singh : Bad.... Put it Down
Interviewer : Maxi Mum
Banta Singh : Mini Dad
Interviewer : Enough! Take your Seat
Banta Singh : Insufficient! Don't Take my seat
Interviewer : Idiot! Take your Seat
Banta Singh : Clever! Don't take my Seat
Interviewer : I say you get out!
Banta Singh : You didn't say I come in
Interviewer : I reject you!
Banta Singh : You Appoint me
Interviewer : ....!!!
spotted in a toilet of a London office: TOILET OUT OF ORDER. PLEASE USE FLOOR BELOW
In a London Laundromat: AUTOMATIC WASHING MACHINES: PLEASE REMOVE ALL YOUR CLOTHES WHEN THE LIGHT GOES OUT
In a London department store: BARGAIN BASEMENT UPSTAIRS
In an London office: AFTER TEA BREAK STAFF SHOULD EMPTY THE TEAPOT AND STAND UPSIDE DOWN ON THE DRAINING BOARD
Outside a London secondhand shop: WE EXCHANGE ANYTHING - BICYCLES, WASHING MACHINES, ETC. WHY NOT BRING YOUR WIFE ALONG AND GET A WONDERFUL BARGAIN?
Notice in London health food shop window: CLOSED DUE TO ILLNESS
Spotted in a safari park: ELEPHANTS PLEASE STAY IN YOUR CAR
Seen during a London conference: FOR ANYONE WHO HAS CHILDREN AND DOESN'T KNOW IT, THERE IS A DAY CARE ON THE FIRST FLOOR
Notice in a field: THE FARMER ALLOWS WALKERS TO CROSS THE FIELD FOR FREE, BUT THE BULL CHARGES
Message on a leaflet: IF YOU CANNOT READ, THIS LEAFLET WILL TELL YOU HOW TO GET LESSONS
On a repair shop door: WE CAN REPAIR ANYTHING. (PLEASE KNOCK HARD ON THE DOOR THE BELL DOESN'T WORK)
People in other countries sometimes go out of their way to communicate with their English-speaking tourists. Here is a list of signs seen around the world: At a Budapest zoo: PLEASE DO NOT FEED THE ANIMALS. IF YOU HAVE ANY SUITABLE FOOD, GIVE IT TO THE GUARD ON DUTY. Doctors office, Rome: SPECIALIST IN WOMEN AND OTHER DISEASES.
Hotel, Acapulco: THE MANAGER HAS PERSONALLY PASSED ALL THE WATER SERVED HERE.
In a Nairobi restaurant: CUSTOMERS WHO FIND OUR WAITRESSES RUDE SHOULD WAIT AND SEE THE MANAGER.
Santa Sigh photographer focusing a dead body's face in a funeral function, suddenly all relatives beat him why? He said "SMILE PLEASE"
Santa Singh standing below a tube light with a open mouth................. WHY? because his doctor advised him "Todays dinner should be light"
A dog was chasing Santa Singh and the Santa was laughing. A bystander: why are u laughing? Santa: I have an Airtel card but still Hutch network is following me.
Santa Singh & his wife buy coffee in a shop. Santa says... Drink quickly...... Wife asks why...Santa Singh says hot coffee Rs5 and cold coffee Rs10
Santa Singh walked up to the front desk of the library and said, "I borrowed a book last week, but it was the most boring I've ever read. There was no story whatsoever, and there were far too many characters!" The librarian replied, "Oh, you must be the person who took our phone book."
After digging to a depth of 100 metres last year, Russian scientists found traces of copper wire dating back 1000 years, and came to the conclusion that their ancestors already had a telephone network one thousand years ago.
So, not to be outdone, in the weeks that followed, American scientists dug 200 metres and headlines in the US papers read: "US scientists have found traces of 2000 year old optical fibres, and have concluded that their ancestors already had advanced high-tech digital telephone 1000 years earlier than the Russians.
One week later, the Indian newspapers reported the following: "After digging as deep as 500 metres, Indian scientists have found absolutely nothing. They have concluded that 5000 years ago, their ancestors were already using wireless technology .
Your Colleague: Hey!! Kya yahan baitha mail forward karta rahta hai yaar!! Naye packages dekh.... Naye language seekh. Night out Maar.... Fundoo programming kar like me... Do something cool man!! You: Achha ! To usse Kya hoga. Your Colleague: Impression!!! Appraisal!!! Har appraisal main tu No 1! Hike in salary!! Extra Stocks You: Phir kya hoga... Your Colleague: Project Leader ban jaayega..Phir Project Manager!!! Phir Business Manager! One day U will be a Director of the Company man!! You: Acchha to phir kya hoga... Your Colleague: Abe phir tu aish karega ! Koi kaam nahin karna padega! Araam se office aayega aur MAGZENE padega. You: To ab main kya kar raha hoon???? "Dikhawe pe na jao, apni akal lagao. Programming hai waste, trust only copy-paste "
Three men were applying for the same job as a DETECTIVE. One was a Sardarji,one was Jewish, and one was Italian. The chief decided to ask each applicant just one question and base his decision upon that answer. When the Jewish man arrived for his interview, the chief asked him, "Who killed Jesus Christ?". The Jewish man answered without hesitation "The Romans killed him."The chief thanked him and he left. When the Italian man arrived for his interview, the chief asked the same question. He replied "Jesus was killed by the Jews." Again, the chief thanked the man. Finally the Sardarji arrived for his interview, he was asked the same question. He thought for a long time, before saying, "Could I have some time to think about it?" The chief said, "OK, but get back to me tomorrow." When the Sardarji arrived home, his wife asked "How was the interview?". Pat came the reply, "Great, I got the job, and I'm already investigating a murder.
Jasmeet Kaur watched her husband Santa Singh searching high and low, all over the living room. She asked him : "What are you so frantically searching?" Santa : "Hidden cameras!" Jasmeet : "And what makes you think there are hidden cameras here?" Santa : "Or else, every few minutes, how is that guy on television saying 'You are watching the Star World channel'? "How can he know what I am watching?"
Banta Singh queuing behind his friend at an ATM Machine. Friend: What are you looking at? Banta Singh: I know your PIN no., hee, hee. Friend: All right, what is my PIN no. if you saw it? Banta Singh: four asterisks!
BANTA SINGH'S MOTHER DIED. Banta Singh: (crying) the doctor called, my mother is dead. Friend: condolence, my friend. After 2 minutes Banta Singh cries even louder Friend: what now? Banta Singh: my sister just called, her mother died too!
BANTA SINGH NEEDS VITAMINS FOR GRANDSON. Banta Singh: I'd like some vitamins for my grandson. Clerk: Sir, vitamin A, B or C? Banta Singh: Any will do, my grandson doesn't know the alphabet yet!!
BANTA SINGH STUCK ON THE ELEVATOR. Lotta Singh: Sorry I'm late. I got stuck in an elevator for 4 hrs. because of a power failure. Banta Singh: That's all right, me too...I got stuck on the escalator for 3 hrs.


text:
Mantle cell lymphoma as a rare cause of intussusception: a report of 2 cases. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 19917477 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Intussusception is uncommon in adults and is only very rarely caused by malignant lymphoma. To our knowledge, there are only 2 previously reported cases of mantle cell lymphoma causing intussusception. We present 2 additional cases of intussusception at the ileocecal valve in patients being treated for mantle cell lymphoma, and a review of the pertinent literature is presented. |
Andrea Grin; Runjan Chetty; Denis Bailey |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Case Reports; Journal Article Date: 2009-04-22 |
Journal Detail:
Title: Annals of diagnostic pathology Volume: 13 ISSN: 1532-8198 ISO Abbreviation: Ann Diagn Pathol Publication Date: 2009 Dec |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 2009-11-17 Completed Date: 2010-01-26 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 9800503 Medline TA: Ann Diagn Pathol Country: United States |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 398-401 Citation Subset: IM |
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Abdominal Pain
etiology Adult Aged Antibodies, Monoclonal / administration & dosage Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage* Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage Doxorubicin / administration & dosage Female Humans Ileal Diseases / etiology*, pathology, surgery Ileocecal Valve / pathology*, surgery Intussusception / etiology*, pathology, surgery Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell / complications*, drug therapy, pathology Male Prednisone / administration & dosage Vincristine / administration & dosage |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antibodies, Monoclonal; 0/rituximab; 23214-92-8/Doxorubicin; 50-18-0/Cyclophosphamide; 53-03-2/Prednisone; 57-22-7/Vincristine |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma arising in calcifying odontogenic cyst.
Next Document: Mesonephric remnant hyperplasia: an unusual benign mimicker of prostate cancer.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Northern Michigan
Best meal I ever ate:
I'm sure it involved a steak...
My "Go-to" dinner party dish:
Pork tenderloin, roasted asparagus, red-skin mashed
My favorite comfort food:
I'm a sucker for salty snacks. Chocolate, of course. Lebanese cuisine makes me forget all my worries.
My top 5 favorite restaurants:
La Shish (going to have to find a new one!)
My most tattered cookbooks:
My 10 year collection of Cooking Light Recipes


text:
For a rather unhandy person like me, the guys at Junction True Value are a blessing! They take the time to explain the products and provide expert, easy-to-understand advice. The entire staff is friendly and helpful. Oh, and they carry something called "Anti-Monkey-Butt Powder," because who wants the heartache of monkey butt?
But, really, big-box store or friendly neighborhood hardware store? No contest!
WSB Forum » Open Discussion
Rave: Junction True Value
Posted 2 years ago #
Agree with Sonoma completely. I've gotten great help and advice from the Juction True Value crew over the years. And I love their Christmas display. Always makes me smile when I walk in the door.
Posted 2 years ago # -
guess I need to walk in the door...am trying to get in the holiday spirit :)
Posted 2 years ago # -
Who wants some anti-monkey butt in their stocking?
I feel like this is important somehow.
Posted 2 years ago # -
Indeed, there's nothing worse than monkey butt. The packaging for this miracle powder is classic - you can google it. There's even a Lady Anti-Monkey Butt (though I don't think our friends at True Value carry that version). But, yes, the perfect his-and-her gifts! So elegant!
Posted 2 years ago #
You must log in to post.


text:
John L. Doney
We rely on our partner organizations, the Center for Responsive Politics and the National Institute on Money in State Politics, to uniquely identify individuals' campaign finance and lobbying activity. If data appears to be missing, it may be that they have not identified all influence activity for this individual. If the data is completely different than you expected, it may be that you're looking at a different person with the same name.
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Click here for campaign contributions with the name "John L. Doney".
Campaign Finance
$1,250 GivenFigures are based on itemized contributions reported to the Federal Election Commission and state agencies. Please note that:
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Top Politicians
Republicans vs. Democrats
in dollars
Lobbying by John L. Doney
Lobbied with the Following Firms
Ernst & Young -
Most Frequently Disclosed Lobbying Issues
- Taxes,
- Finance,
- Railroads
Clients of Firms John L. Doney Worked For
International Council of Shopping Cntrs, Verizon Communications, Association of American Railroads, Real Estate Investment Securities Assn, Skadden, Arps et al


text:
Interview with Peter Beach, a Lawyer and Awakened Being
Interview with Julie Desmond and Sandra Fuller, both Awakened Beings.
For more like these, visit www.onenessprogram.com by Rev. Patricia Keel
VideosOneness University and Sri AmmaBagavan
Oneness TV www.onenesstv.com Great collection of videos www.youtube.com/profile?user=worldofoneness YouTube channel with Amma Bhagavan Darshan videos. http://www.youtube.com/ammabhagavansharanam Video Teachings on Oneness University site www.onenessuniversity.org/index.php/teachings Rare Interview with Sri Bhagavan from 2005 but still so extremely relevant www.youtube.com/profile?user=worldofoneness#p/a/u/2/jR_jyeryqmE Oneness Meditators Reverend Howard Caesar talks at Unity Church in Houston includes Oneness University and its teachings and the symbiotic relationship with Jesus's Teachings. http://youtu.be/MnzLG6Agrw8 Peter Beach addresses questions after a Oneness Meditation in Woodland Hills, California on June 24, 2012 including commentary about his awakening experience.http://www.omlive.info/special-feature-access.html A video explaining the new Oneness Meditation happening across the planet. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cayy_YoP0zo Inaugural Oneness Meditation in Washington |
Quick Find |


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Pictured at RAF Finningley in 1983 Whirlwind HAR.10 of SAREW (Search and Rescue Engineering Wing) carries the markings of No 22 Squadron.
1948 views as at 31/1/2015.
Good old S-55. Excellent shot Colin. – Ted
Had a couple of these at St. Mawgan when I was there.
Thanks Ted! Only time I ever went to St Mawgan it was to have a tooth out!


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Guardian 24,051 (Sat 14 Apr)/Enigmatist – Blue is the colour
Posted by rightback on April 20th, 2007
Solving time: 22:12
I made heavy weather of this, especially the key long answer (16ac) and the top left corner, and I can't explain 4dn.
No main theme that I could spot, but a few mini-themes – symmetrical birds at 5dn and 14dn and a nice double clue at 22/23dn.
* = anagram, "X" = sounds like 'X'.
Across | |
11 | NO(SHIN)G – tricky. I only got this because 'nog' was the only drink I could think of beginning with 'n'. |
12 | KARAOKE; K, + A-OK in ARE (= 'live') |
13 | ARCED; CEDAR with the letters cycled – a nice idea, which I didn't understand while solving, but is 'recycling' quite the right word? If you 'recycle' e.g. a radio frequency, it usually means you end up back where you started. |
14 | DO ONE'S NUT; (NOSE)* in DONUT |
16 | ABSTRACT (= steal = appropriate) + PAINTER (= rope = line) – this took me ages, partly because I thought the definition was 'line' and the rest of the clue was some cryptic reference (I'd written in 'railway' for the second word at one stage), and partly because I didn't really know anything about Jackson Pollock, other than that he was the inspiration for John Squire's famous Stone Roses record sleeves, and the classic track 'Made of Stone' (available here). |
19 | STREETCAR; (CRETE)* in STAR – a reference to the play by Tennessee Williams. |
21 | PAD (= 'thief', from 'footpad') + RE |
22 | ST + KIT + TS (= rev. of ST) |
23 | ARSENIC; (IN SCARE) – the chemical symbol for arsenic is 'As'. This fooled me completely, I thought 'as' was probably part of the answer. |
25 | EN PRIMEUR; (MENU RIPER)* – an obvious anagram but I had to make up this phrase. |
Down | |
1 | FANNY ADAMS – I'm not convinced about this clue ('Sweet nothing'). 'Fanny Adams' actually means 'tinned mutton'. |
2 | ODD(SOCK)S – very clever definition ('Their top drawer partners are missing'). |
4 | RING – when I saw this clue ('Start to call'), I almost wrote in 'ring' straight away, then realised that I couldn't explain 'start' = 'ring'. It turned out to be my last entry, after going through the alphabet, and I still can't explain it. |
5 | ROCK(H + OPP.)ER – 'a small crested penguin'. Not a word I knew, and I needed all the checking letters before working this out. |
6 | DISRAELI; (AIRS)* in DELI |
8 | BLUE – or alternatively, 'Leicester fan after a run of ten games without a win leaves them perilously close to the relegation zone?'. Sob. Chelsea are not my favourite team after this disgrace (number 4) probably cost Leicester the FA Cup in 1997, but I would dearly love to see Manchester United win absolutely nothing this season. |
14 | DICK + CISSEL (= (SLICES)*) – another visit to the natural world, this time 'the black-throated bunting'. |
15 | THREESCORE; (HERE ESCORT)* – I was convinced the definition was 'Get excited here'. Nice clue. |
17 | ROENTGEN; R (= recipe = take) + (NEON GET)* |
19 | RAKI + SH (= mum) |
23 | [d]AMPS – I think, but it could be [c]AMPS or [t]AMPS! |


text:
Story Time
Tooth Tales |
Submitted by: Christine Turner, Atascocita |
Audience |
• Schoolage |
Books |
Tabitha's terrifically tough tooth by:Middleton, Charlotte |
The night before the Tooth Fairy by:Wing, Natasha |
Nice try, Tooth Fairy by:Olson, Mary |
Rosie's baby tooth by:Macdonald, Maryann |
Dear Tooth Fairy by:O'Connor, Jane |
Alice and her fabulous teeth by:Maconie, Robin |
Jane vs. the tooth fairy by:Jay, Betsy |
Throw your tooth on the roof : tooth traditions from around the world by:Beeler, Selby B |
Songs |
Other |
The American Dental Hygienists |
Notes |
Note to Parents: It can be a somewhat scary experience for children to lose their first baby tooth. However, you can help support you child by reading books and talking to them. |


text:
Bayreuth | ||
Town square
Coordinates: 49°56′53″N 11°34′42″E / 49.94806°N 11.57833°ECoordinates: 49°56′53″N 11°34′42″E / 49.94806°N 11.57833°E | ||
Country | Germany | |
State | Bavaria | |
Admin. region | Oberfranken | |
District | Urban district | |
Government | ||
• Lord Mayor | Brigitte Merk-Erbe (BG) | |
Area | ||
• Total | 66.92 km2 (25.84 sq mi) | |
Population (2013-12-31)[1] | ||
• Total | 71,572 | |
• Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) | |
Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) | |
Postal codes | 95401–95448 | |
Dialling codes | 0921, 09201, 09209 | |
Vehicle registration | BT |
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ( listen); Upper Franconian: [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a sizeable town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtelgebirge Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194 and it is nowadays the capital of Upper Franconia with a population of 72,576 (2009). It is world-famous for its annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Middle Ages and Early Modern Period[edit]
The town is believed to have been founded by the Counts of Andechs probably around the mid-12th century,[2] but was first mentioned in 1194 as Baierrute in a document by Bishop Otto II of Bamberg. The syllable -rute may mean Rodung or "clearing", whilst Baier- indicates immigrants from the Bavarian region.
Already documented earlier, were villages later merged into Bayreuth: Seulbitz (in 1035 as the royal Salian estate of Silewize in a document by Emperor Conrad II) and St. Johannis (possibly 1149 as Altentrebgast). Even the district of Altstadt (formerly Altenstadt) west of the town centre must be older than the town of Bayreuth itself. Even older traces of human presence were found in the hamlets of Meyernberg: pieces of pottery and wooden crockery were dated to the 9th century based on their decoration.[3]
While Bayreuth was previously (1199) referred to as a villa (village), the term civitas ("town") appeared for the first time in a document published in 1231. One can therefore assume that Bayreuth was awarded its town charter between 1200 and 1230. The town was ruled until 1248 by the counts of Andechs-Merania. After they died out in 1260 the burgraves of Nuremberg from the House of Hohenzollern took over the inheritance. Initially, however, their residence and the centre of the territory was the castle of Plassenburg in Kulmbach. The town of Bayreuth developed slowly and was affected time and again by disasters.
As early as 1361 Emperor Charles IV had conferred on Burgrave Frederick V the right to mint coins for the towns of Bayreuth and Kulmbach.
Bayreuth was first published on a map in 1421.
In February 1430, the Hussites devastated Bayreuth and the town hall and churches were razed. Matthäus Merian described this event in 1642 as follows:"In 1430 the Hussites from Bohemia attacked / Culmbach and Barreut / and committed great acts of cruelty / like wild animals / against the common people / and certain individuals. / The priests / monks and nuns they either burnt at the stake / or took them onto the ice of lakes and rivers / (in Franconia and Bavaria) and doused them with cold water / and killed them in a deplorable way / as Boreck reported in the Bohemian Chronicle, page 450"(Source: Frühwald (Hg.): Fränkische Städte und Burgen um 1650 based on texts and engravings by Merian, Sennfeld 1991.)
By 1528, less than ten years after the start of the Reformation, the lords of the Frankish margrave territories switched to the Lutheran faith.
In 1605 a great fire, caused by negligence, destroyed 137 of the town's 251 houses. In 1620 plague broke out and, in 1621, there was another big fire in the town. The town also suffered during the Thirty Years War.
A turning point in the town's history came in 1603 when Margrave Christian, the son of the elector, John George of Brandenburg, moved the aristocratic residence from the castle of Plassenburg above Kulmbach to Bayreuth. The first Hohenzollern palace was built in 1440-1457 under Margrave John the Alchemist. It was the forerunner of today's Old Palace (Altes Schloss) and was expanded and renovated many times. The development of the new capital stagnated due to the Thirty Years' War, but afterwards many famous baroque buildings were added to the town. After Christian's death in 1655 his grandson, Christian Ernest, followed him, ruling from 1661 until 1712. He was an educated and well-travelled man, whose tutor had been the statesman Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal. He founded the Christian-Ernestinum Grammar School and, in 1683, participated in the liberation of Vienna which had been besieged by the Turks. To commemorate this feat, he had the Margrave Fountain built as a monument on which he is depicted as the victor of the Turks; it now stands outside the New Palace (Neues Schloss). During this time, the outer ring of the town wall and the castle chapel (Schlosskirche) were built.
18th century[edit]
His successor, the Crown Prince and later Margrave, George William, began in 1701 to establish the then independent town of St. Georgen am See (today, the district of St. Georgen) with its castle, the so-called Ordensschloss, a town hall, a prison and a small barracks. In 1705 he founded the Order of Sincerity (Ordre de la Sincérité), which was renamed in 1734 to the Order of the Red Eagle and had the monastery church built, which was completed in 1711. In 1716 a princely porcelain factory was established in St. Georgen.
The first 'castle' in the park of the Hermitage was built at this time by Margrave George William (1715–1719).
In 1721 the town council acquired the palace of Baroness Sponheim (today's Old Town Hall or Altes Rathaus) as a replacement for the town hall built in 1440 in the middle of the market place and destroyed by fire.
In 1735 a nursing home, the so-called Gravenreuth Stift, was founded by a private foundation in St. Georgen. The cost of the building exceeded the funds of the foundation, but Margrave Frederick came to their aid.
Bayreuth experienced its Golden Age during the reign (1735–1763) of Margrave Frederick and Margravine Wilhelmina of Bayreuth, the favourite sister of Frederick the Great. During this time, under the direction of court architects, Joseph Saint-Pierre and Carl von Gontard, numerous courtly buildings and attractions were created: the Margravial Opera House with its richly furnished baroque theatre (1744–1748), the New 'Castle' and Sun Temple (1749–1753) at the Hermitage, the New Palace with its courtyard garden (1754 ff) to replace the Old Palace which had burned down through the carelessness of the margrave, and the magnificent row of buildings in today's Friedrichstraße. There was even a unique version of the rococo architectural style, the so-called Bayreuth Rococo which characterised the aforementioned buildings, especially their interior design.
The old, sombre gatehouses were demolished because they impeded transport and were an outmoded form of defence. The walls were built over in places. Margrave Frederick successfully kept his principality out of the wars being waged by his brother-in-law, Frederick the Great, at this time, and, as a result, brought a time of peace to the Frankish kingdom.
1742 saw the founding of the Frederick Academy, which became a university in 1743, but was moved that same year to Erlangen after serious riots because of the adverse reaction of the population. The university has remained there to the present today. From 1756 to 1763 there was also an Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Roman Catholics were given the right to set up a prayer room and Jewish families settled here again. In 1760 the synagogue was opened and in 1787 the Jewish cemetery was dedicated.
Countess Wilhelmina died in 1758 and, although, Margrave Frederick married again, the marriage was only short-lived and without issue. After his death in 1763, many artists and craftsmen migrated to Berlin and Potsdam, to work for King Frederick the Great, because Frederick's successor, Margrave Frederick Christian had little understanding of art. He also lacked the means due to the elaborate lifestyle of his predecessor, because the buildings and the salaries of the mainly foreign artists had swallowed up a lot of money. For example the court - which under George Frederick Charles had comprised around 140 people - had grown to about 600 employees by the end of the reign of Margrave Frederick.[4] By 1769 the principality was close to bankruptcy.
In 1769 Margrave Charles Alexander, from the Ansbach line of Frankish Hohenzollerns, followed the childless Frederick Christian and Bayreuth was reduced to a secondary residence. Charles Alexander continued to live in Ansbach and rarely came to Bayreuth.
In 1775 the Brandenburg Pond (Brandenburger Weiher) in St.Georgen was drained.
Following the abdication of the last Margrave, Charles Alexander, from the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth on 2 December 1791 its territories became part of a Prussian province. The Prussian Minister Karl August von Hardenberg took over its administration at the beginning of 1792.
The town centre still possesses the typical structure of a Bavarian street market: the settlement is grouped around a road widening into a square; the Town Hall was located in the middle. The church stood apart from it and on a small hill stood the castle. Some sixty years later the town (at that time a tiny village) became subordinate to the Hohenzollern state, and when this state was divided, Bayreuth ended up in the county of Kulmbach.
19th century[edit]
In 1804, the author Jean Paul Richter moved from Coburg to Bayreuth, where he lived until his death in 1825.
The rule of the Hohenzollerns over the Principality of Kulmbach-Bayreuth ended in 1806 after the defeat of Prussia by Napoleonic France. During the French occupation from 1806 to 1810 Bayreuth was treated as a province of the French Empire and had to pay high war contributions. It was placed under the administration of Comte Camille de Tournon, who wrote a detailed inventory of the former Principality of Bayreuth. On 30 June 1810 the French army handed over the former principality to what was now the Kingdom of Bavaria, which it had bought from Napoleon for 15 million francs. Bayreuth became the capital of the Bavarian district of Mainkreis, which later transferred into Obermainkreis and was finally renamed as the province of Upper Franconia.
As Bavaria was opened up by the railways, the main line from Nuremberg to Hof went past Bayreuth, running via Lichtenfels, Kulmbach and Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg to Hof. Bayreuth was first given a railway connexion in 1853, when the Bayreuth–Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg railway was built at the town's expense. It was followed in 1863 by the line to Weiden, in 1877 by the railway to Schnabelwaid, in 1896 by the branch line to Warmensteinach, in 1904 by the branch to Hollfeld and in 1909 by the branch via Thurnau to Kulmbach, known as the Thurnauer Bockala (which means something like "Thurnau Goat").
On 17 April 1870 Richard Wagner visited Bayreuth, because he had read about the Margrave Opera House, whose great stage seemed fitting for his works. However, the orchestra pit could not accommodate the large number of musicians required, for example, for the Ring of the Nibelung and the ambience of the auditorium seemed inappropriate for his piece.[5] So, he toyed with the idea of building his own festival hall (the Festspielhaus) in Bayreuth. The town supported him in this project and made a piece of land available to him, an undeveloped area outside the town between the railway station and Hohe Warte, the Grüner Hügel ("Green Hill"). At the same time Wagner acquired a property at Hofgarten to build his own house, Wahnfried. On 22 May 1872 the cornerstone for the Festival Hall was laid and, on 13 August 1876, it was officially opened (see Bayreuth Festival). Planning and construction were in the hands of the Leipzig architect, Otto Brückwald, who had already made a name for himself in the building of theatres in Leipzig and Altenburg.
In 1886, the composer Franz Liszt died in Bayreuth while visiting his daughter Cosima Liszt, Wagner's widow. Both Liszt and Wagner are buried in Bayreuth; however Wagner did not die there. Rather he died in Venice in 1883, but his family had his body brought to Bayreuth for burial.
20th century[edit]
To the end of the Weimar Republic (1900–1933)[edit]
The new century also brought several innovations of modern technology: in 1892, the first electric street lights; in 1908 a municipal electricity station, and, in the same year, the first cinema.
In 1914–15, one section of the northern arm of the Red Main was straightened and widened after areas along the river had been flooded during a period of high water in 1909.
After the First World War had ended in 1918, the Workers' and Soldiers' Council took power briefly in Bayreuth. On 17 February 1919, there was a three-day coup, the so-called Speckputsch, a brief interlude of excitement in the otherwise rather staid town.
In a series of völkisch and nationalist "Deutscher Tag" (German Days), the NSDAP organised the event in Bayreuth on 30 September 1923. More than 5,000 military and civilian people gathered (equivalent to 15% of the inhabitants), although Minister of Defence Otto Gessler had forbidden the participation of Reichswehr units.[6] Among the guests were mayor Albert Preu as well as Siegfried and Winifred Wagner, who invited keynote speaker Adolf Hitler to Wahnfried house. There he met writer Houston Stewart Chamberlain, son-in-law of Richard Wagner and anti-semitic race theorist. Also on that day, Hans Schemm met Hitler for the first time.
In 1932, the provinces of Upper and Middle Franconia were merged and Ansbach was chosen as the seat of government. As a small compensation, Bayreuth was given the merged state insurance agency for Upper and Middle Franconia. Unlike the provincial merger, the merger of those institutions was never reversed.
The Nazi era (1933–1945)[edit]
Being a stronghold of right-wing parties since the 1920s, Bayreuth became a center of Nazi ideology. In 1933, it was made capital of the Nazi Gau of Bavarian Ostmark (Bayerische Ostmark, in 1943 Gau Bayreuth). Nazi leaders often visited the Wagner festival and tried to turn Bayreuth into a Nazi model town. It was one of several places in which town planning was administered directly from Berlin, due to Hitler's special interest in the town and in the festival. Hitler loved the music of Richard Wagner, and he became a close friend of Winifred Wagner after she took over the festival. Hitler frequently attended Wagner performances in the Bayreuth Festival Hall.
Bayreuth was to have received a so-called Gauforum, a combined government building and marching square built to symbolise the centre of power in the town. Bayreuth's first Gauleiter was Hans Schemm, who was also the head (Reichswalter) of the National Socialist Teachers League, NSLB, which was located in Bayreuth. In 1937 the town was connected to the new Reichsautobahn.
Under Nazi dictatorship the synagogue of the Jewish Community in Münzgasse was desecrated and looted on Kristallnacht but, due to its proximity to the Opera House it was not razed. Inside the building, which is once again used by a Jewish community as a synagogue, a plaque next to the Torah Shrine recalls the persecution and murder of Jews in the Shoah, which took the lives of at least 145 Jews in Bayreuth.[7][8]
During the Second World War, a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was based in the town,[9] in which prisoners had to participate in physical experiments for the V-2. Wieland Wagner, the grandson of the composer, Richard Wagner, was the deputy civilian director there from September 1944 to April 1945. Shortly before the war's end branches of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) were to have been set up in Bayreuth.[10]
On 5, 8 and 11 April 1945 about one third of the town, including many public buildings and industrial installations were destroyed by heavy air strikes, along with 4,500 houses. 741 people were also killed. On 14 April, the U.S. Army occupied the town.
Post-war era and Reconstruction (1945–2000)[edit]
After the war Bayreuth tried to part with its ill-fated past. It became part of the American Zone. The American military government set up a DP camp to accommodate displaced persons (DP), many of whom were Ukrainian.[11] The camp was supervised by the UNRRA.
The housing situation was very difficult at first: there were about 55,000 inhabitants in the town, many more than before the war began. This increase was primarily due to the high number of refugees and expellees. Even in 1948 more than 11,000 refugees were counted. In addition, because many homes had been destroyed due to the war, thousands of people were living in temporary shelters, even the festival restaurant next to the Festival Hall housed some 500 people.[12]
In 1945, 1,400 men were conscripted by the town council for "essential work" (clean-up work on damaged buildings and the clearing of roads). A significant number of historic buildings were demolished post-war but cultural life was soon back on track: in 1947 Mozart festival weeks were held in the Opera House, from which the Franconian Festival Weeks developed. In 1949 the Festival Hall was used for the first time again and there was a gala concert with the Vienna Philharmonic led by Hans Knappertsbusch. In 1951, the first post-war Richard Wagner Festival took place under the leadership of Wieland and Wolfgang Wagner.
In 1949 Bayreuth became the seat of the government of Upper Franconia again.
In 1971 the Bavarian State Parliament decided to establish the University of Bayreuth and, on 3 November 1975, it opened for lectures and research. There are now about 10,000 students in the town.
In May 1972, a serious accident occurred at the folk festival in the town, when an overcrowded carriage derailed and several people were thrown out. Four died and five were injured, some seriously. At that time, it was the worst disaster on a roller coaster since the Second World War.
In 1979, US Army serviceman Roy Chung disappeared from the area and allegedly defected to North Korea via East Germany.
In 1999 the world gliding championship took place at Bayreuth municipal airport.
21st century[edit]
In 2006, Bayreuth chose its first CSU member and mayor, the lawyer, Michael Hohl, and, in 2007, a Youth Parliament, consisting of 12 young people, aged 14–17 years, was elected for the first time. The end of October saw the opening of the long-planned bus station and its associated office building on the newly created Hohenzollernplatz.
Largest groups of foreign residents[13] | |
Nationality | Population (2012) |
Russia | 2,683 |
Kazakhstan | 2,345 |
Turkey | 1,416 |
Poland | 1,318 |
Italy | 578 |
Richard Wagner and Bayreuth[edit]
The town is best known for its association with the composer Richard Wagner, who lived in Bayreuth from 1872 until his death in 1883. Wagner's villa, "Wahnfried", was constructed in Bayreuth under the sponsorship of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, and was converted after World War II into a Wagner Museum. In the northern part of Bayreuth is the Festival Hall, an opera house specially constructed for and exclusively devoted to the performance of Wagner's operas. The premieres of the final two works of Wagner's Ring Cycle ("Siegfried" and "Götterdämmerung"); the cycle as a whole; and of Parsifal took place here.
Every summer, Wagner's operas are performed at the Festspielhaus during the month-long Richard Wagner Festival, commonly known as the Bayreuth Festival. The Festival draws thousands each year, and has persistently been sold out since its inauguration in 1876. Currently, waiting lists for tickets can stretch for 10 years or more.
Owing to Wagner's relationship with the then unknown philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, the first Bayreuth festival is cited as a key turning point in Nietzsche's philosophical development. Though at first an enthusiastic champion of Wagner's music, Nietzsche ultimately became hostile, viewing the festival and its revellers as symptom of cultural decay and bourgeois decadence —an event which led him to turn his eye upon the moral values esteemed by society as a whole - "Nietzsche clearly preferred to see Bayreuth fail than succeed by mirroring a society gone wrong."[14]
Bayreuth lies on the Red Main river, the southern of the two headstreams of the River Main, between the Fichtelgebirge Mountains and Franconian Switzerland.
Town divisions[edit]
The borough of Bayreuth is divided into 39 districts:
- 1: Westliche Innenstadt (Western town centre)
- 2: Östliche Innenstadt/Obere Röth (Eastern town centre)
- 3: Cosima-Wagner-Straße/ Nürnberger Straße/Universitätsstraße
- 4: Südöstliche Innenstadt (Southeastern town centre)
- 5: Südwestliche Innenstadt (Southwestern town centre)
- 6: Birken
- 7: Justus-Liebig-Straße/Quellhöfe/Rückertweg
- 8: Leuschnerstraße/Ludwig-Thoma-Straße
- 9: Saas, originated from the parish village Saas, which was mentioned as early as 1528 in connecxion with the Baptists [15]
- 10: Bismarckstraße/Friedrichstraße/Moritzhöfen
- 11: Freiheitsplatz/Malerviertel
- 12. Erlanger Straße/Wolfsgasse
- 13: Jakobshof
- 14: Hetzennest/Braunhof/Fantaisiestraße
- 15: Meyernberg
- 16: Nördlicher Roter Hügel
- 17: Grüner Hügel/Wendelhöfen
- 18: Kreuz
- 19: Herzoghöhe/Am Bauhof
- 20: Nördliche Innenstadt
- 21: Carl-Schüller-Straße/Bürgerreuther Straße/Gutenbergstraße
- 22: Gartenstadt
- 23: Bürgerreuth/Gravenreutherstraße
- 24: St. Georgen/Grüner Baum/Burg
- 25: Östliche Hammerstatt
- 26: Westliche Hammerstatt
- 27: Bernecker Straße/Insel/Riedelsberg
- 28: Industriegebiete St. Georgen
- 29: St. Johannis
- 30: Neue Heimat
- 31: Oberkonnersreuth
- 32: Laineck
- 33: Westlicher Roter Hügel
- 34: Eubener Straße/Furtwänglerstraße/Schupfenschlag/Hohe Warte
- 35: Seulbitz
- 36: Aichig/Grunau
- 37: Thiergarten/Destuben
- 38: Oberpreuschwitz
- 39: Wolfsbach
Climate in this area has mild dfferences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).
Climate data for Bayreuth | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
3 (38) |
8 (46) |
13 (55) |
19 (67) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
24 (76) |
21 (69) |
14 (57) |
6 (42) |
2 (36) |
13.3 (55.8) |
Average low °C (°F) | −4 (24) |
−4 (25) |
−1 (30) |
2 (35) |
6 (43) |
9 (49) |
11 (52) |
11 (52) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
0 (32) |
−3 (27) |
3.3 (37.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 46 (1.8) |
33 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
43 (1.7) |
56 (2.2) |
61 (2.4) |
71 (2.8) |
69 (2.7) |
46 (1.8) |
46 (1.8) |
43 (1.7) |
48 (1.9) |
598 (23.5) |
Source: Weatherbase [16] |
Town council[edit]
The results of the 2008 local elections in Bavaria were as follows (in brackets the change from the 2002 elections):
- CSU: 28.2% (-3.1), 13 seats (-1)
- SPD: 22.5% (-5.4), 10 seats (-3)
- BG - FW: 21,6% (+2.0), 10 seats (+1)
- Greens/indep.: 10.0% (+2.8), 4 seats (+1)
- Young Bayreuth: 5.8% (-0,9), 2 seats (-1)
- FDP: 4.4% (+0.5), 2 seats (+1)
- BT go!: 4.2% (+4,2), 2 seats (+2)
- BBL: 3.2% (+3,2), 1 seat (+1)
- Others: 0.0% (-3,4), 0 seats (-1)
(Lord) Mayors of Bayreuth since 1818[edit]
- 1818–1848: Erhard Christian Hagen von Hagenfels (First legally trained mayor)
- 1851–1863: Friedrich Karl Dilchert (civic mayor)
- 1863–1900: Theodor von Muncker (legally trained mayor)
- 1900–1918: Dr. Leopold von Casselmann (legally trained mayor, lord mayor from 1907)
- 1919–30 April 1933: Albert Preu (lord mayor)
- 1 May 1933–June 1937: Dr. Karl Schlumprecht (lord mayor; NSDAP)
- 21 July 1937–April 1938: Dr. Otto Schmidt (lord mayor; NSDAP)
- 3 May 1938 – 30 June 1938: Fritz Wächtler (Gauleiter, self-proclaimed commissarial lord mayor; NSDAP)
- 1 July 1938–April 1945: Dr. Fritz Kempfler (lord mayor; NSDAP)
- 24 April 1945–November 1945: Dr. Joseph Kauper (lord mayor)
- November 1945–30 June 1948: Dr. Oscar Meyer (lord mayor)
- 1 July 1948 – 30 April 1958: Hans Rollwagen (lord mayor; SPD)
- 1 May 1958 – 30 April 1988: Hans Walter Wild (lord mayor; SPD)
- 1 May 1988 – 30 April 2006: Dr. Dieter Mronz (lord mayor; SPD)
- 1 May 2006 – 30 April 2012: Dr. Michael Hohl (lord mayor; CSU)
- since 1 May 2012: Brigitte Merk-Erbe (lord mayor; BG)
Twin towns[edit]
The town of Bayreuth has twinning partnerships with the following towns:
- Annecy, France, since 1966
- Rudolstadt, Thuringia, since 1990
- La Spezia, Italy, since 1999
- Prague 6, Czech Republic, since 2008
Further twinnings with other European towns are planned. Under discussion are Shrewsbury, England, United Kingdom, and Tekirdağ in western Turkey.[17]
There is also a cultural partnership with the state of Burgenland, Austria, and a university partnership between the University of Bayreuth and the Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia.
In 1955 Bayreuth took on sponsorship for displaced Sudeten Germans from the town of Franzensbad in Okres Cheb.
Coat of arms[edit]
Margrave Albert Achilles, who was also Elector of Brandenburg, presented the town Bayreuth in December 1457 which the coat of arms that it still bears today. Two fields show the black and white coat of arms of the Hohenzollerns. The black lion on gold with a red and white border was the municipal coat of arms of the burgraves of Nuremberg. Along the two diagonals are two Reuten, small triangular shovels with a slightly bent shaft. They represent the ending -reuth in the town's name." [18]
Culture and places of interest[edit]
The Margravial Opera House was opened in 1748 and is one of the finest Baroque theatres in Europe. It is both a museum and the oldest working tableau in Bayreuth.
The Festival Hall dates to the 19th century and is now used solely for the Bayreuth Festival. Only works by Richard Wagner are put on.
The Bayreuth Town House (Stadthaus), likewise, does not have its own ensemble. It is regularly used by the Theater Hof as well as the Tourneetheater.
The only two theatres with their own ensemble are the Studiobühne Bayreuth and amateur dramatic society, Brandenburg Kulturstadl. The venues of the studio theatre in Bayreuth are the domicile of the theatre in the Röntgenstraße, the ruins of the Bayreuth Hermitage and the courtyard of Bayreuth piano manufacturer, Steingraeber & Söhne.
- The Richard Wagner Museum at Wahnfried House was the residence of Richard Wagner and his family's home until 1966. Since 1976 it has been a museum with attached national archives and a research centre for the Richard Wagner Foundation in Bayreuth
- The Jean Paul Museum in the former residence of Richard Wagner's daughter, Eva Chamberlain, with autographs, first editions of works, portraits and other pictorial material
- The Franz Liszt Museum in the house where Franz Liszt died, with about 300 photographs, scripts and printed papers from the collection of the Munich pianist, Ernst Burger, which were bought by the town of Bayreuth. In addition there is a Stummklavier, made by the Ibach company of Haus Wahnfried, letters and first editions of Franz Liszt. Biographic information boards, a mould of the font from Liszt's birthplace Raiding, Austria and Liszt busts by Antonio Galli enhance the collection. Visits are accompanied by the music of Franz Liszt
- The Historical Museum in the Old Latin School on Kirchplatz. On the ground floor it portrays the history and development of Bayreuth from the late Middle Ages to the 20th century with a model of the town in the year 1763. On the first floor are divisions covering the art and cultural history of Bayreuth's margravial period (17th and 18th centuries). Another division portrays arts and crafts in Bayreuth and the surrounding area with examples of faience pottery, glass products from the Fichtelgebirge and stone pottery from Creußen. Painting, crafts, and early industrial artefacts from the Biedermeier period and the late 19th century round off a visit to the museum
- The Museum of Art in the Old Town Hall which contains the Helmut and Constanze Meyer Art Foundation, the Georg Tappert collection and the archives and collection of Caspar Walter Rauh. The collections contain key works from the 20th century
- The British American Tobacco's Historical Collection in the old Lord Mayor's rooms of the Old Town Hall
- The German Typewriter Museum with a collection of over 400 historic typewriters from the Research and Training Centre for Shorthand and Word Processing in Bayreuth
- A branch of the Bavarian State Painting Collection was opened in the New Palace in August 2007. 80 works from Dutch and German painters of the late 17th century and 18th century are displayed.
- The Archaeological Museum in the Italian Building of the New Palace was founded in 1827 by the Historic Society. Its eight exhibition rooms include artefacts such as New Stone Age stone axes, 80 pottery jars from the Hallstatt era and Celtic bronze jewellery. The discoveries on display, which all come from eastern Upper Franconia, especially Franconian Switzerland and the region around Bayreuth, date from the Old Stone Age to the Middle Ages. In the experimental field there is a reconstructed loom, a rock drill and an original Schiebemühle.
- Maisel's Brewery and Cooper's Museum, which teaches everything about the production of Weizen beer on a 2,400 m2 (25,833 sq ft) layout, making it the largest brewery in the world,[19][20] not least due to its collection of over 5,500 beer glasses and mugs).
- The Upper Franconia Prehistory Museum portrays the history of life in Upper Franconia since the beginning of the world. Exhibitions are constantly changing; currently the life-size dinosaurs attract especial interest.
- Bayreuth Football Museum (Altstadt-Kult-Museum of SpVgg Bayreuth)
- The Bayreuth of Wilhelmina Museum in the New Castle
- Fire Brigade Museum
- Iwalewa House, the Africa Centre of the University of Bayreuth
- Johann Baptist Graser School Museum
- Catacombs of the Bayreuth Aktien Brewery
- Little Poster Museum
- Margravial state rooms and collection of Bayreuth faiences in the New Castle
- Museum of Agricultural Tools and Equipment
- Lindenhof Natural History Museum
- Richard Wagner Gymnasium School Museum
- Wedlich Transport Museum
- Walküre Porcelain Museum
- Wilhelm Leuschner Memorial
- Wo Sarazen Art
- The Hermitage (Eremitage)
- Thiergarten Hunting Lodge (Jagdschloss Thiergarten)
- New Palace (Neues Schloss) and court garden, seat of the margraves from 1753
- St. Georgen Castle (Ordensschloss St. Georgen)
- St. Georgen Church (Ordenskirche St. Georgen)
- St. John's Parish Church (St. Johannis)
- Colmdorf Castle
- Rollwenzelei with Jean Paul's study (Dichterstube)
- Old Palace and castle chapel of Our Dear Lady (Altes Schloss)
- Victory Tower (Siegesturm)
- Spital Church (Spitalkirche)
- Church of the Holy Spirit (Stadtkirche Heilig Dreifaltigkeit)
- Stift church (Stiftskirche)
- Birken Castle
- The Goldener Anker hotel
- Baroque parks:
- Hermitage Park, former seat of the margraves, outside the inner town
- Castle and park of Fantaisie, in Eckersdorf (vicinity of Bayreuth. 7 km (4 mi) west)
- Sanspareil Park, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) west of Bayreuth
- University Botanical Gardens
Public parks and cemeteries[edit]
In the town centre is the Court Garden (Hofgarten) of the New Palace. Near the Festival Hall is the Festival Park. On the southern edge of the town lie the Botanical Gardens of the University of Bayreuth. On the Königsallee, east of the town centre, is the relatively small Miedel Garden.
The best known park in Bayreuth is that of the 'Eremitage' (Hermitage) in the district of St. Johannis. With a total area of almost 50 hectares it is the largest park in Bayreuth.
Bayreuth has been chosen to host the Bavarian Country Garden Show in 2016.[21] For this reason another park is planned on the Main water meadows between the Volksfestplatz and the A9 motorway.[22]
The oldest surviving cemetery is the Town Cemetery (Stadtfriedhof) with a large number of gravestones of famous people. On the southern edge of the town is the Southern Cemetery (Südfriedhof) and crematorium. The districts of St. Johannis and St. Georgen have their own cemeteries. On Nürnberger Straße, in the east of the town, is an Israeli cemetery.
Over 60 clubs offer just under one hundred sports. The most successful club in the town is the street hockey team, Hurricans Bayreuth, who have been German runners-up three times (1998/2004/2006) and champions five times (1996/1997/2001/2005/2007). The only other first division team is the Bayreuth Gliding Club which won the league in 2002 and were runners-up in 2005 and 2008. They were also fourth in the World League in 2008.[23] The basketball team of BBC Bayreuth plays in the Basketball Bundesliga (division 1), the HaSpo Bayreuth handball team, the footballers of SpVgg Bayreuth and the volleyball players of BSV Bayreuth each play in their respective Bavarian League. The ice hockey team, EHC Bayreuth, has also just entered the Bavarian League.
Bayreuth had its sporting heyday in the late 1980s and early 90s. The basketball team, Steiner Bayreuth, were twice German Cup winners (1987/1988 and 1988/1989) and in the 1988/1989 season they also won the German championship. The hockey team of Bayreuth's swimming club (SCC) was twice champions of Second Division South and also played for a year in the Hockey League. At the time that the table tennis team of Steiner Bayreuth was also first class[24] (since 1983 2nd Division, in 1984/85, 1986/87 and 1987/88 1st Division,[25] 1988 relegated[26] and the team has played for many years in the 2nd Football Division. The table tennis players of the 1. Bayreuth FC played in the 1st Division from 1994 to 1997.
In 1999 the World Glider Championships took place in Bayreuth.
Regular events[edit]
- In January, May, June, July, November and December: Young master pianists (concert series for young pianists from various music academies in the rooms of piano makers, Steingraeber & Söhne)
- April: Bayreuth Easter Festival (charity concerts for children with cancer)
- May: Musica Bayreuth
- June: Uniopenair
- June: Time for New Music
- June: Bayreuth Folk Festival
- July: Bayreuth Town Festival (on the first weekend in July)
- July: Bayreuth Piano Festival
- July–August: Bayreuth Festival, Midsummer Night Festival
- September: Rock in Bayreuth
- September: Bayreuth Baroque (opera performances in the Margravial Opera House)
- October: Bayreuth Kneipen Festival
- October: Bayreuth Museum Night (the day before the clocks go back)
- October: Since 2008 the town had awarded annually the Margravine Wilhelmina Prize of the Town of Bayreuth as part of the Bayreuth Future Forum symposium of the University of Bayreuth
Economy and infrastructure[edit]
Long-distance roads[edit]
Motorways (Autobahnen):
- A 9: Berlin–Leipzig–Bayreuth–Nuremberg–Ingolstadt–Munich
- A 70: Schweinfurt–Bamberg–Bayreuth
Federal roads (Bundesstraßen):
- B 2: Rosow–Berlin–Lutherstadt Wittenberg–Leipzig–Gera–Hof–Bayreuth–Nuremberg–Donauwörth–Augsburg–Munich–Mittenwald
- B 22: Würzburg–Bamberg–Hollfeld–Bayreuth–Weiden–Cham
- B 85: Berga–Weimar–Ludwigsstadt–Kulmbach–Bayreuth–Amberg–Schwandorf–Cham–Neukirchen vorm Wald–Passau
From Bayreuth Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) railway lines run north to Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg, and from there to Bamberg and over the Schiefe Ebene to Hof, east to Weidenberg, southeast to Weiden and south to Schnabelwaid with connections to Nuremberg on the Pegnitz Valley Railway. The lines around Bayreuth are all single-tracked and non-electrified.
Since 23 May 1992 tilting Class 610 diesel multiple units have worked the Pegnitz Valley route. These were bought by the former Deutsche Bundesbahn specifically for the winding track.
Since a 2006/2007 timetable change, Bayreuth has no longer been connected to the DB's long-distance network. However, the Franken-Sachsen-Express still provides a direct connection to Dresden (since December 2007, every two hours). This service is worked by Class 612 diesel multiple units. There are also Regional Express links via Lichtenfels to Bamberg and Würzburg, and via Lichtenfels and Kronach to Saalfeld.
Local public transport[edit]
The town bus routes are operated by Bayreuth Transport and Public Baths (BVB) (Bayreuther Verkehrs- und Bäder GmbH). Sometimes private bus operators run services on behalf of the transport companies. The 15 routes (lines 301-315) operate from Monday to Friday at 20 or 30-minute intervals; on Saturday and Sunday the interval is extended to 30 minutes. Late evening services (from about 20 to 12 pm during the week and to 1 am at weekends), on Sunday mornings a simplified network of six lines (lines 321-326) runs buses at 30-minute intervals. Some lines then operate like an on-call taxi service. The network is star-shaped. Originally, the central station was at the market square in Maximilianstrasse. Since 27 October 2007 the Central Bus Station (ZOH) has been at Hohenzollernplatz at the junction of Kanalstraße on the Hohenzollernring. At this stop there are also bus stops for local buses to facilitate transfers.
Regional rail is operated by the Omnibusverkehr Franken. From 1 January 2010 public transport from the town and district of Bayreuth was integrated into the Nuremberg Regional Transport Network (Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg).
In most places there is a signed cycle path network. In the centre of Bayreuth itself, cycling is fairly straightforward due to the relatively flat topography, something which encourages the use bicycles as an everyday means of transport. Because of the proximity of the 600 kilometre long Main Cycle Path, Bayreuth is also a destination for many tourist cycle routes. Because of the long service intervals of the Bayreuth town bus system and its long overnight pause, students use bicycles as their everyday mode of transport. Bicycles may be carried for a fee on DB Regio trains leaving Bayreuth and in the VGN's buses.[27]
Air transport[edit]
The local airport supports Bayreuth's commercial aviation traffic, individual business travel, general aviation and air sports. By 2002 even the airline from Frankfurt to Hof stopped in Bayreuth three times a day.
The airfield at Bindlacher Berg is also one of the most important bases for gliding in Germany. For example, the World Championships took place here in 1999. For the air sports community in Bayreuth, the airport is a departure point for glider flights taking part in the national Bundesliga competition league. The local gliding club also provides instruction in flying gliders and light aircraft.
See also: Bayreuth Airport.
Important firms[edit]
- Basell Bayreuth Chemie (Producer of polyolefins)
- Brauerei Gebrüder Maisel (wheat beer specialist)
- British American Tobacco (Germany) GmbH (cigarette production)
- Cherry (Data entry devices, switches and sensors, car motifs)
- Grundig Business Systems (world market leader for professional dictaphone systems)
- W. Markgraf (construction)
- medi (medical aids)
- Stäubli (textile machines, technical couplings and robot arms)
- Steingraeber & Söhne piano manufacturers
- TenneT TSO system operator
- Zapf (manufacturer of ready-made garages and houses)
Former important firms[edit]
- F. C. Bayerlein 1809-1979 (textile company: weaving, spinning, cotton-spinning and dying)
- Nordbayerischer Kurier (dail paper)
- Fränkische Zeitung (FZ) ; formerly the Bayreuther Anzeiger, renamed in October 2008 (advertising paper)
- Bayreuther Sonntag (advertising paper)
- Bayreuth4U (town magazine)
- Bayerischer Rundfunk (North Upper Franconia correspondent office). In the 1950s/1960s Bayerische Rundfunk operated a radio station in Bayreuth on medium wave with a frequency of 520 kHz and a transmitter power of 200 watts using a 60-metre high transmission mast.
- Campus TV (University of Bayreuth media project in media science)
- Der Tip (University of Bayreuth student paper)
- Oberfränkische Wirtschaft, (trade magazine for Upper Franconia)
- Radio Galaxy (local radio station for the Bavaria-wide youth radio)
- Radio Mainwelle (local radio)
- Schalltwerk (University of Bayreuth internet radio)
For centuries Bayreuth was also a garrison town for the Prussian Army, Royal Bavarian Army, Reichswehr, Wehrmacht, US Army, German Army (Bundeswehr) and the German Border Police (Bundesgrenzschutz). In the early 1990s, following the end of the Cold War the garrison tradition of the town came to an end when the Bundeswehr's Margrave Barracks (Markgrafenkaserne) and the Röhrensee Barracks (Röhrenseekaserne), used by the US Army and the BGS (Grenzschutzabteilung Süd 3), were closed.
Rollwenzelei with Jean Paul's study (Dichterstube)
Famous people[edit]
- Princess Wilhelmine of Bayreuth (1709–1758), monarch
- Johann David Schoepf (1752–1800), naturalist
- Johann Christian Ritter (1755-1810), first printer in South Africa
- Jean Paul (1763–1825), writer
- Max Stirner (1806–1856), philosopher
- Franz Liszt (1811-1886), composer
- Richard Wagner (1813–1883), composer
- Oskar Panizza (1853–1921), psychiatrist, dissident author
- Fritz Rasp (1891–1976), actor
- Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim (1892–1945), soldier and aviator
- Walter Demel (1935-), cross country skier
- Florian Mayer (1983— ) professional tennis player
- Anne Haug (1983-) professional triathlete
- Philipp Petzschner (1984— ), professional tennis player
- Maya Karin (1979— ), Malaysian actress, television personality, and singer
- ^ "Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes". Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (in German). 31 December 2013.
- ^ Mayer, Bernd and Rückel, Gert (2009). Bayreuth - Tours on Foot, Heinrichs-Verlag, Bamberg, p.5, ISBN 978-3-89889-147-9.
- ^ Stuhlfauth, Adam (1991). Fundberichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte im Gebiet der Fränkischen Alb in the Archives for History of Upper Franconia, 35th volume, 3rd section, Bayreuth 1991
- ^ Hübschmann, E. et al. (1992). Bayreuth - umgeguckt und hinterfragt, Bumerang Verlag, Bayreuth
- ^ The Artwork of the Future (Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft)
- ^ Martin Schramm: "Deutscher Tag, Bayreuth, 30. September 1923", in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
- ^ Gedenkstätten für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Eine Dokumentation, Vol. 1. Federal Office for Political Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0, p. 119 f.
- ^ A list of the victims' names is found in "Denk / Steine setzen", published by the Bayreuth History Working Group (Geschichtswerkstatt Bayreuth), Bumerang Verlag, Bayreuth 2003. Bayreuth's Jews are considered to be those people who had lived for some time in Bayreuth, were born in Bayreuth or who were deported from Bayreuth.
- ^ O'Keefe, Christine, Concentration Camps
- ^ Source and details → People's Court
- ^ Maruniak, Volodymyr (1984). "Displaced persons camps". Encyclopedia of Ukraine (Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies) 1.
- ^ Bernd Mayer, Wo jeder Zehnte einen Stuhl besaß. In: Heimat-Kurier das historische Magazin des Nordbayerischen Kuriers. No. 3/2004
- ^ "Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Bayreuth". Stadt Bayreuth. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
- ^ Bergmann, Peter. Nietzsch: the Last Antipolitical German, Indiana University press, 1987, p. 102 ISBN 0-253-34061-6
- ^ Holle, J.W. (1901). Geschichte der Stadt Bayreuth. Bayreuth
- ^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013. Retrieved on July 6, 2013.
- ^ Stadt ist auf Partnersuche in the Nordbayerischer Kurier dated 6 March 2009
- ^ http://www.bayreuth.de/dlc/284/download.htm
- ^ 1988 Guinness Book of Records
- ^ Museums in Bayreuth at www.bayreuth.de. Accessed on 18 September 2010.
- ^ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Bayreuth bekommt die Landesgartenschau 2016
- ^ Bayreuth Stadtnachrichten - Amtsblatt der Stadt Bayreuth, Nr. 2, 30. Januar 2009
- ^ OLC - Segelflugszene - Herzlich Willkommen
- ^ founded in 1970 by Horst Steiner (*1949) Zeitschrift DTS, 1989/6 dts regional/Süd p.5
- ^ Zeitschrift DTS, 1984/6 p.32
- ^ Zeitschrift DTS, 1988/5 p.12
- ^ Fahrradmitnahme, vgn.de.
External links[edit]
- Official website (German)
- University of Bayreuth website (German)
- Bayreuther Festspiele website
- Images from Bayreuth (English) (German)


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It appears you have not yet Signed Up with our community. To Sign Up for free, please click here....
I am currently pursuing "medical actions" if you will, concerning my 7 year old daughter, and her mothers jumping around from doctor to doctor to try and find one that will go along with her "beliefs" as to what is wrong with my daughter.
As you can tell ... this is a very vague description as to what is going on in my daughters life .. and I do believe the "mother" is somewhat scared now. Child Protective Services have questioned her, and some of her motives .. and she is again switching doctors.
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Getting ready to put my truck up for sale - just bought an FJ.
I have a set of Cover King neoprene seat covers in it that I'd like to get some cash for. They are all black, meant for a double cab /w TRD package. Designed for the side airbags. My truck is a 2010, I'm not sure if the seats are different on other years.
I'm going to start by asking for $140, local pickup only. If I don't hear anything in a week or so, I'll put up some pics and bump the price a bit to include shipping to somewhere.
I'm located in Westminster, CO.


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German melodic folk/death metallers SUIDAKRA have issued the following update:
"Quite some time has passed since the last update. "We have been in North America, which was great as always! "Thanks to all of you who came out to the shows! We had a good time and hope to come back soon. "Right now we're on the next tour already, riding through France and Switzerland. Check out the tour dates and come to the gigs if you can make it! "Unfortunately, the London show in June will go on without our participation due to organizational problems beyond our control. Sorry for that! "Our 'Emprise To Avalon' album was re-released recently. Originally out on Century Media in the year 2002, 'Emprise' has surely become a SUIDAKRA classic over the years. It was out of print for some time, but now you may purchase it here. Brand new 15-year anniversary t-shirts are available as well. "The best at the end: We started to write new music for the next album and have about four songs finished so far! Recording is supposed to start in December; we'll keep you updated." SUIDAKRA's ninth album, "Crógacht", was released in the U.S. in March 2009 through Wacken Records/SPV. Recorded at Gernart Studios with producer Martin Muchwalter, the CD's artwork was created by famous Belgian graphic artist Kris Verwimp. "Crógacht", meaning bravery, is based on one of the most dramatic tales in Irish mythology. It tells the story of the hero Cuchulainn's epic journey to the Isle of Skye, where he seeks to learn the arts of war from the Scythian warrior woman Scathach. The decisions he then has to make set the events in motion that will lead to his son Conlaoch's tragic fate…SUIDAKRA To Enter Studio In December
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Issue #5022 has been updated by Motohiro KOSAKI. Status changed from Open to Assigned ---------------------------------------- Bug #5022: WEBrick returns improper response for malformed HTTP Request http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/issues/5022 Author: Felix Jodoin Status: Assigned Priority: Normal Assignee: Aaron Patterson Category: lib Target version: 1.9.3 ruby -v: ruby 1.9.2p180 (2011-02-18 revision 30909) [x86_64-darwin10.7.0] =begin When sending an improper HTTP request in the form of: GET /\n (with any valid or invalid HTTP verb), WEBrick returns: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">  <TITLE>Internal Server Error</TITLE>
Internal Server Error
 undefined method `each' for nil:NilClass
 <ADDRESS> WEBrick/1.3.1 (Ruby/1.9.2/2011-02-18) at localhost:3000 </ADDRESS>   and then closes the connection, without sending any HTTP status headers or printing a correct '400 Bad Request' error page. This is because the @header variable wasn't set up properly, so @header is nil when a message is passed to it when handling the request. WEBrick's log on the server console will read similar to: [2011-07-13 00:49:40] ERROR NoMethodError: undefined method `each' for nil:NilClass /Users/x/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/webrick/httprequest.rb:154:in `each' /Users/x/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/webrick/httprequest.rb:231:in `meta_vars' /Users/x/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/gems/rack-1.3.0/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:34:in `service' /Users/x/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/webrick/httpserver.rb:111:in `service' /Users/x/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/webrick/httpserver.rb:70:in `run' /Users/x/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/lib/ruby/1.9.1/webrick/server.rb:183:in `block in start_thread' (Where line 34 of rack/handler/webrick.rb is a simple `env = req.meta_vars`) This is reproducible in both 1.8.7 and 1.9.2. A simple patch is attached to WEBrick's httprequest.rb that will allow the request to continue processing, fixing the 500 internal server error (and let the app decide how to handle the malformed request). In my testing with rack 1.3.0 & sinatra 1.2.6, this patch allowed the request complete normally. =end -- http://redmine.ruby-lang.org


text:
Primobolan and Primobolan Depot Cycles for Lean Muscle Gains, Plus Primo Cycle Myths
Dear Friend and Fellow Athlete,
Primobolan and Primobolan Depot Cycles for Lean Muscle Gains, Plus Primo Cycle Myths', 'body' => 'PRIMOBOLAN (Methenolone Enanthate)
If ever there was a steroid that can be considered "perfect"
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the necessary building blocks needed for tissue growth and repair.
Unless sufficient amino acids are present muscle growth will be sub par
and in the case of Primobolan this is of utmost significance. You MUST
train hard and you MUST eat a lot of protein. THAT, is when you'll see
what Primobolan can do.
The concept behind Primobolan was to have a far greater anabolic to
androgenic ratio. The reasoning is not far removed from the original
steroid Dianabol, which was formulated to
be a "kinder, gentler" form of testosterone. In this way, the athlete
can get all the benefits of greater muscle growth without all the
detriment and suppression of excess androgens. In the case of Dianabol, it was a good idea yet
just it didn't turn out quite as well as expected. With Primobolan,
they got it right.
Primobolan also has a unique fat burning/estrogen blocking capability
resulting in "lean gains." (Leading some people to believe it's just a
"cutter" which is also ridiculous since all steroids are growth drugs).
It doesn't actually burn fat but it can prevent more fat from being
Being a DHT derivative (technically it's DHB) Primobolan blocks SHBG
(sex hormone binding globulin) thus preventing estrogen from forming.
When using Primobolan you not only do not
need to add an anti aromatase it acts as one on its own, so if you add
testosterone, an anti e may not be required.
Primobolan has often been compared to Deca Durabolin – most likely due to the fact that they're both mildly androgenic. However, Deca's "nandrolone" qualities are actually more suppressive than straight testosterone. Deca also increases progesterone that causes extreme water retention, which incidentally is often regarded, incorrectly, as muscle growth. Primobolan causes almost no water retention that is why many people feel it isn't a good "mass" builder, which is probably its biggest misconception. Primobolan is deceptive in that the gains are so clean they aren't overtly apparent at first -- which accounts for another myth that Primobolan takes weeks to "kick in." That, of course, is nonsense. It begins working within hours, but the results may not be noticeable for a while.
Primobolan can be an outstanding size drug on a bulking cycle, If... you consume adequate protein. That is the principal on which it is based. It repairs though increased anabolism. Without the food source, the drug has nothing to work with, so if you aren't committed to training hard and eating a lot of protein, Primo will be a disappointment. But for more advanced trainers, and those who are used to training naturally, Primo will seem like a wonder drug. Which it kinda is.
There is also an oral form of Primobolan that is often overlooked, the reason being, they are probably the most impractical steroids available. Primobolan acetate is not 17 alpha alkylated, therefore they do not stress the liver. Sounds great, eh? The problem is, they're only bioavailability for about 4 hours, resulting in several dosages throughout the day (and night) in order to maintain stable blood levels. The other problem is the cost. At what usually amounts to $2 a pill and a necessity of 8 pills a day, the weekly price will exceed $100 a week for a mild cycle. Therefore, Primobolan tablets are not in large demand. (Though if cost isn't much of a concern they're an excellent "safe" choice for a first time user, the needle phobic, or a "natural" athlete who needs it clear his or her system within a day).
Primobolan is the "Rolls Royce" of steroids – expensive, but worth it. It stacks well with everything and adds increased anabolism to any cycle while keeping blood pressure, cholesterol count and blood platelet within normal range with moderate use. It may also be the only steroid suitable for women, with the exception of Anavar, though Primobolan is safer.
People are concerned with hair loss with the usage of Primobolan but most users claim it's no harder on the hairline than straight testosterone.
Because of Primobolan's mild nature some bodybuilders use it as a "bridge" between cycles though that is not recommended since it will further suppress natural testosterone production and make it more difficult to rebound.
Primobolan can be an excellent addition to HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) (200 mgs of Primo with 100mgs of testosterone weekly) but it is not available even with a prescription in most countries.
Primobolan is usually injected several times a week since a cc contains only 100 mgs. ( This is due to a heavy molecular weight. Only so much will "fit" into a ml of oil). It's active for approximately 2 weeks. Anything under 200 mgs a week will not show a tremendous difference but once it goes to 400 mgs, that's when the magic usually begins. Also due to the molecular weight, Primo tends to be a painful shot. Not bad going in, but the next day you can expect some soreness.
Arnold Schwarzenegger was known to love Primo and to use 100mgs a day, which by today's standard is quite conservative for a pro but back in the 70's it was considered outrageous! As mentioned, Primo needs a more androgenic compound to truly get the maximum benefit so an additional steroid is often used and Arnold was thought to maybe use 50 mgs of d-bol a day, which was also pushing the envelope at the time. As little as 200 mgs of test will suffice to maintain a favorable androgenic environment. (Though most people use more, which is essentially more than they need. At a certain point, the risk/benefit ratio becomes unfavorable).
Primobolan is the most faked steroids on the black market. Even UG labs fake it because the raw materials for the chemical compound so expensive. The common "substitute" for Primo is Equipoise since the effects are similar – solid muscle with little bloat. But EQ is not in the same league as Primo and experienced Primo users know it. EQ is a cheap veterinarian drug and can leave the user feeling a little "ill" whereas Primo makes you feel "healthy." Unless you can get your hands on legit Primo in Turkey or Germany, a reliable UG lab is the only way to go, though you're never really certain of what you'll get or if the dosage is correct. Even in countries where it's legal, Primo isn't readily available due to the high cost and the fact that there really isn't a medical reason to use it. It's strictly a muscle builder and for that purpose it's unparalleled.
When it comes to putting foreign substances in your body, you don't want to go bargain hunting. Primobolan costs a little more but in the long run you'll get more -- with less risks. It's a shame it's so hard to obtain but with more access to more UG labs via the internet, it may be possible to track it down. It isn't a "get big quick" drug, but is a great adjunct to developing solid, quality muscle that can be maintained post cycle with natural training as long as proper PCT is used.
This drugs is capable of blocking Estrogen from ever attaching to the
female-hormone receptors in the male breast tissue. Nolvadex
will block the receptor sites on the breast tissue so that Estrogen can
never attach there and cause gynecomastia. This is a very
important drugs for those who do not wish to suffer from puffy nipples.
This drug helps in recovering testosterone after a cycle. When using Anabolic Steroids, your testicles will diminish their own testosterone production. using Clomid will help your testicles regain their testosterone production to the same levels as before you went on cycle. A Bodybuilder only needs 100mg of Clomid per day for a week in order to regain testosterone production. Clomid is the drugs every bodybuilder must have in their cabinet before even starting their first cycle.
Arimidex is an aromatase inhibitor. It works by lowering blood Estrogen concentrations, which may decrease the size and growth of breast tissue in men. Men who use Steroids are prone to growth of the tissue around the breast area, a condition known as "Bitch-Tits" of Gynecomastia. Arimidex is a very potent medication capable of preventing and even reversing the growth of tissue in the male chest area. Arimidex is a drug used by almost every bodybuilder who uses steroids.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
HCG is an injectable preparation used by Bodybuilders for the purpose of preventing and treating testicular shrinkage. When a Bodybuilder uses Steroids for a long period of time, the testicles of the user will lose size and shrink due to the testicles producing less testosterone during a Steroid cycle. Using HCG during this time will both help the testicles regain size and also bring the testicles back to normal size. HCG can be used during and after a cycle. Read more information about HCG and how it works.
Yours in sport,
George Spellwin
Yours in sport,
George Spellwin
George Spellwin


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People & Business :: Companies Ashland Posts Fourth-Quarter Loss From Continuing Operations1:07 AM MDT | October 29, 2008 | Nancy Seewald Ashland reported a loss from continuing operations of $1 million for its fiscal fourth quarter ended September 30, compared to income of $32 million in the year-ago period. Sales rose 6%, to $2.2 billion. "Our performance for the fourth quarter continued to reflect the difficult economic environment, which particularly affected Ashland Performance Materials' composites business, both from a demand and raw materials cost perspective, and Ashland Water Technologies, which suffered from significant declines in gross profit percentage," says James... This information is only available to Chemical Week subscribers. Forgot your user ID or password?
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Town Square
Oakland A's lease gets county board approval
Original post made on Jul 30, 2014
Read the full story here Web Link posted Tuesday, July 29, 2014, 2:03 PM
Comments (1)
a resident of Alamo
on Jul 30, 2014 at 9:00 am
That's nice...too bad the so called leaders in Oakland and Alameda County lack the brains to keep both the A's and the Raiders in the Bay Area.
The problem with our way of government is to elect people without common sense or the ability to deal in the business world.
If they would think a little, they could have both teams. I would not lick your chops yet Okaland...The A's management is 1000 times smarter than the elected fools in office.
No one wants to stay in Oakland. But they will play on the elected officials simple mind and in the end Oakland will host No teams.
Just my opinion, Thanks for listening, Julia Pardini from Alamo
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text:
What to put on your Christmas list this year ladies
Roxy kit
What? Roxy running range: we love the frequency fit zip jacket
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