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US 6624949 B2 Abstract A writing apparatus (10) for forming images from digital data onto color motion picture film or other photosensitive medium (32), the apparatus employing a single spatial light modulator (30) and having an illumination system (14) comprising a dichroic prism (26) and a plurality of light sources (20). The dichroic prism (26) directs light from each light source (20) onto a common output axis, thereby providing an incident light beam for modulation by the spatial light modulator (30). The apparatus allows high-speed imaging optimized for photosensitive media (32). Additional sensor (12) and logic components allow writing apparatus (10) to adapt to different types of photosensitive media (32) without requiring any retooling or manual adjustment.
Claims(33) 1. A writing apparatus for forming an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium comprising:
(a) a spatial light modulator comprising an array of pixel sites, each pixel site modulating an incident light beam in order to form an array of image pixels according to said digital data;
(b) an illumination system comprising a dichroic prism for combining input light from a plurality of light sources onto a common output axis to provide said incident light beam;
wherein said plurality of light sources comprises an LED array; and
wherein said LED array has substantially the same height-width aspect ratio as said spatial light modulator.
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31. A writing apparatus for forming an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium comprising:
(a) a spatial light modulator comprising an array of pixel sites, each pixel site modulating an incident light beam in order to form an array of image pixels according to said digital data;
(b) an illumination system comprising a dichroic prism for combining input light from a plurality of light sources onto a common output axis to provide said incident light beam;
wherein said plurality of light sources comprises an LED array; and
wherein said LED array is substantially flat.
32. A writing apparatus for forming an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium comprising:
(a) a spatial light modulator comprising an array of pixel sites, each pixel site modulating an incident light beam in order to form an array of image pixels according to said digital data;
(b) an illumination system comprising a dichroic prism for combining input light from a plurality of light sources onto a common output axis to provide said incident light beam;
wherein said illumination system further comprises an integrating bar; and
wherein said integrating bar has substantially the same height-width aspect ratio as said spatial light modulator.
33. A writing apparatus for forming an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium comprising:
(a) a spatial light modulator comprising an array of pixel sites, each pixel site modulating an incident light beam in order to form an array of image pixels according to said digital data;
(b) an illumination system comprising a dichroic prism for combining input light from a plurality of light sources onto a common output axis to provide said incident light beam;
wherein said illumination system further comprises a lenslet array; and
wherein each lens of said lenslet array has substantially the same height-width aspect ratio as said spatial light modulator.
Description This invention generally relates to apparatus for writing digitally encoded color images onto photosensitive media and more particularly relates to an apparatus for writing color images onto motion picture film from digital data using a single spatial light modulator with a plurality of light sources. In conventional motion picture film preparation, a master negative film is developed and prepared as an intermediate from which copies can be mass-produced as print films. One example of a motion picture printer using conventional optical methods for producing print films is the Model 6131 Series Printer manufactured by BHP Incorporated, Chicago, Ill. Using such conventional methods and optical equipment, projection-quality print films for distribution can be produced economically, at high speed. With the advent of digital motion picture imaging, conventional optical methods can still be used for print film preparation. That is, a master negative film can be prepared using digital imaging equipment. This same master negative film then serves as an intermediate for print film production, following the conventional sequence used for film production using optical equipment. However, it can be appreciated that there are benefits to film production methods that offer increased speed, lowered cost, and increased versatility over earlier methods. As one example, conventional methods don't allow imaging directly to print film economically. Using conventional equipment, an intermediate film is still required, with an accompanying loss of some measure of image quality in transfer between the intermediate negative film and the final print film. Those knowledgeable in the film production arts will realize that relatively slow writing speeds are a disadvantage for digital film production. Conventional digitally-based motion picture film imaging systems, using CRT writers or using lasers in conjunction with a spinning polygon, yield writing output speeds measured in multiple seconds per frame. However, high-speed film duplication using older optical exposure methods achieves speeds measured in multiple frames per second. Thus, in order to provide a competitive alternative to optical film production methods, digital film production methods must improve upon current printing times. Light Modulators for Printing For motion picture film and other photosensitive media in general, spatial light modulators show considerable promise as image forming components. Originally developed for digital projection equipment, spatial light modulators are being more widely used for imaging onto film and other photosensitive media. Spatial light modulators used for this purpose include liquid crystal devices (LCDs) from Victor Company of Japan (JVC), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, and digital micromirror devices (DMDs) from Texas Instruments, Dallas, Tex. A spatial light modulator can be considered essentially as a two-dimensional array of light-valve elements, each element corresponding to an image pixel. Each array element is separately addressable and digitally controlled to modulate light. An LCD, for example, modulates light intensity for a pixel by modulating the polarization state of light from the array location corresponding to that pixel. For operation, the LCD must be provided with plane polarized light. Both LCD and DMD arrays have advantages over other types of image-forming devices. Because LCD and DMD arrays can image a complete frame at a time, there is minimal mechanical complexity and thus, lower cost. Thus, LCDs and DMDs enjoy complexity and cost advantages, particularly in contrast to writing systems using lasers with spinning polygons. Though not as widely used, other types of spatial light modulators used for photosensitive media include gated light valves such as lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) light valves. The gated light valve is essentially an array of light-transmitting elements arranged in linear fashion to provide a 1�m pixel array, where the width of the array, m, is typically in the range of a few thousand pixels. One example of a gated light valve is a Micro Light Valve Array (MLVA) used in the Noritsu model QSS-2711 Digital Lab System, manufactured by Noritsu Koki Co., located in Wakayama, Japan. The same basic imaging principle used with spatial light modulators applies, whereby individual elements in the array vary in the intensity of light emitted. However, using a linear array provides only one line of the two-dimensional image at a time, and therefore requires movement of the photosensitive media relative to the printhead in order to expose a complete frame. Alternative Light Sources There are a number of alternative light sources for use with a spatial light modulator in an apparatus that images onto a photosensitive medium, including the following: (a) tungsten or halogen lamp. These sources, although used in many types of film development and processing systems, are not advantageous for high-speed film printing using spatial light modulators. Substantial filtering and polarization optics are typically required to adapt lamp sources to spatial light modulators, with concomitant loss of brightness. Shuttering components would be necessary for color printing using multiple sources. Heat management would also be necessary for tungsten or halogen sources. (b) LED. These light sources are low cost and have favorable response speeds when compared against other light sources that must be shuttered. However, single LEDs do not generally provide sufficient brightness for high-speed imaging. Arrays comprising multiple LEDs are one possible solution; however, conventional solutions using LED arrays face aperture size and cone angle constraints, which force tradeoffs between cost, complexity, and brightness. These disadvantages have, therefore, limited the use of LEDs as light sources for high-speed production of motion picture films. (c) laser. The laser has advantages including high brightness and narrow bandwidth. As a further advantage, laser output is inherently polarized, not requiring polarization conditioning by lossy components in the optical path. However, lasers are higher in cost, particularly in some wavelengths. Overall, LEDs and lasers are more durable than lamps and provide a favorable solution for imaging systems needing light at specific wavelengths and having high brightness levels. Illumination Optics Path Considerations for Color Printing Color motion picture printing uses sequenced exposures at discrete red, green, and blue (RGB) wavelengths. As a general rule for throughput efficiency, printing speed is primarily a factor of the achievable brightness of the light source. The preferred approach for illumination optics, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,547 (Ramanujan et al.) teaches the use of a single illumination optics path to one spatial light modulator for successive modulation of red, green, and blue light. Using a time-sequenced illumination scheme, the red, green, and blue light sources are sequentially modulated by the spatial light modulator and focused onto a photosensitive medium. U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,547 discloses a number of possible alternative light sources, including a lamp provided with a rotating filter wheel or multiple LEDs arrayed in different parts of a circular aperture. A notable advantage of the arrangement disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,547 is that the same illumination and imaging optics path is used for light of each color. This eliminates the need for registration of separate color path components and allows a minimum of components to be employed for full-color imaging onto the photosensitive medium. However, the arrangement disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,215,547 presents some obstacles. Aperture size and optical cone angle constraints can limit the number of LED or other light sources provided, thus limiting the brightness achieved. Compromises that can be made include deploying, within the limited space available, a different number of LEDs or other light sources for each wavelength according to sensitometric response characteristics of the target media. Solutions requiring motor movement, such as the rotating filter wheel, may introduce unwanted mechanical complexity and vibration effects. Timing considerations are complicated by the need to avoid using transitional zones in a filter wheel using multiple color filters. In spite of such problems, it can be appreciated that there would be substantial benefits to an illumination scheme that utilizes a single optics path with a single spatial light modulator. An alternative approach for illumination optics would be to employ a separate optical path for each color. This approach has been widely used in digital color projection. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,615 (Peterson et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,713 (Tadic-Galeb et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,851 (Marshall) all disclose projectors that use separate red, green, and blue light paths, each light path using its own separate spatial light modulator. Certainly, this approach increases the output brightness levels of an imaging system using spatial light modulator technology. However, the added cost and complexity when using separate spatial light modulators can be a significant disadvantage. It is instructive to note that the requirements for digital color printing and projection can be very different in some ways. Projectors are optimized to provide maximum luminous flux to a screen, with secondary emphasis placed on characteristics important in printing, such as contrast and resolution. Optical systems for projector and display applications are designed for the response of the human eye, which, when viewing a display, is relatively insensitive to image artifacts and aberrations and to image non-uniformity, since the displayed image is continually refreshed and is viewed from a distance. However, when viewing printed output from a high-resolution printing system, the human eye is not nearly as �forgiving� to artifacts and aberrations and to non-uniformity, since irregularities in optical response are more readily visible and objectionable on printed output. For this reason, there can be considerable complexity in optical systems for providing a uniform exposure energy for printing. When imaging onto print film for digital cinema, an added factor relates to the characteristic gamma of the print film. Due to film gamma, artifacts of the spatial light modulator become more pronounced when imaged onto print film, thereby accentuating an image quality problem originating at the spatial light modulator. Also significant are differences in resolution requirements. Adapted for the human eye, projection and display systems are optimized for viewing at typical resolutions such as 72 dpi or less, for example. Photographic printing apparatus, on the other hand, must achieve much higher resolution, depending on the media type. For example, apparatus designed for micrographics applications are expected to provide 8,000 dpi for some systems. Thus, while LCD spatial light modulators can be used in for both projection display and high-resolution printing, the requirements on supporting optics can vary significantly. In light of these significant differences between color projection and color printing using spatial light modulators, then, it can be readily appreciated that technical solutions that may be well-suited to digital projection apparatus using spatial light modulators may not be appropriate to digital printing apparatus using a spatial light modulator. One technical solution that has been broadly applied for digital projection apparatus, but has not been widely used with digital printing apparatus, is the use of dichroic optical components. Well known in the optical design arts, dichroic components provide treated surfaces that reflect light over some range of wavelengths and transmit light of other wavelengths. Of particular interest are dichroic prisms, such as those manufactured by Optec S. R. L., Italy. Dichroic prisms provide combinations of dichroic surfaces between prisms, cemented together in arrangements such as in the familiar X-cube or X-prism, Philips prism, and related devices. Different types of dichroic prisms are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,651 (Edlinger), U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,051 (Huang), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,474 (Doany et al.) In digital projection, dichroic separators are employed in the illumination path, to separate white light into red, green, and blue light components for modulation. U.S. Patent No. 6,053,615 (Peterson et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,713 (Tadic-Galeb et al.), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,237 (Booth) are just a few examples of projector designs using this approach. Dichroic combiners are then used at a later point in the optical path, after modulation at the spatial light modulators. Dichroic combiners, typically X-cubes or X-prisms and Philips prisms, have been widely used in digital projectors for combining the optical paths of modulated light, incident from a number of different axes, into a single, common axis for projection. As just a few examples, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,453,859 and 5,795,047 (both to Sannohe et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,262,851 (Marshall) disclose use of an X-cube or similar dichroic combiner for combining modulated light in the output path for a digital projection apparatus. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,390 and 5,816,675 (both to Brice et al.) disclose a digital projection apparatus that uses an X-cube as a dichroic splitter in the illumination path and a similar X-cube as a dichroic combiner for modulated light in a compact projector. U.S. Pat. No. 5,917,560 (Neumann) discloses use of a single X-cube as both dichroic separator and dichroic combiner for a projection apparatus. U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,474 (Wada et al.) discloses a complex printing apparatus that uses a dichroic prism in the path of modulated light. In the embodiment disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,474, the dichroic prism provides a component for redirecting modulated light from any of three linear printheads onto a moving medium. This solution may work well when using linear light modulation, which provides a single line of pixels at a time. However, because the spatial light modulator provides a full image frame at one time, this approach becomes more difficult to implement with a spatial light modulator. One notable weakness of X-cube devices in the imaging path, for example, is due to the intersection line of crossed dichroic surfaces at the center of the device. Dependent, in part, on the placement of the X-cube in the imaging path, image aberrations caused by this line of intersection can be visible in a printed image. Moreover, due to space considerations it is unclear how the solution of U.S. Pat. No. 6,278,474 could be implemented in any simple and inexpensive way when using a spatial light modulator of the reflective type. U.S. Pat, No. 5,982,407 (Enomoto et al.) discloses a printing apparatus that uses dichroic mirrors in its illumination light path for DMD spatial light modulators. In the embodiment disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407, dichroic mirrors are deployed to direct light from red, green, and blue light sources onto the surface of a DMD. This arrangement provides relatively good brightness levels and minimizes the complexity of light conditioning optics in the illumination path. However, there are a number of disadvantages when using a sequence of dichroic mirrors as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407. Space requirements are one key disadvantage with the use of multiple dichroic mirrors. These mirrors must be staggered and spaced correctly with respect to one another and to the individual light sources, making it difficult to design a printing apparatus in a compact package. Moreover, each individual dichroic mirror must be correctly aligned relative to its light source and to the illumination optics path for proper performance. Another significant disadvantage when using multiple dichroic mirrors as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407 relates to the relative cone angles of incident light. The most advantageous arrangement would provide incident light from all colored light sources at the same cone angle. With the layout shown for U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407, however, the effective cone angle for light incident on the spatial light modulator can differ substantially from one colored light source to the next. It would be cumbersome to provide identical cone angles for incident light of each color when using the arrangement of U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407, placing dimensional constraints on component layout or adding the expense of additional optical components. Without restrictive design constraints or added cost, a different percentage of light from each light source is effectively available at the spatial light modulator when using dichroic mirrors. Any optical components for obtaining a uniformly bright field, such as lenslet arrays, integrating bars, or related devices, would then necessarily be different within each colored light path; otherwise, the compromises that would be needed could easily degrade the overall brightness of the illumination system. Moreover, it would be difficult to provide illumination having the same height-width aspect ratio as the spatial light modulator when using the arrangement disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,982,407. Obtaining color balance would be further complicated, since different light sources would not be uniformly bright due, in large part, to cone angle differences. As was noted above, there are advantages in maximizing brightness and minimizing cost and complexity in the illumination optics subsystem of a digital color printing apparatus. With this in mind, it can readily be appreciated that there are advantages to an illumination system that provides source light having a large cone angle that is substantially the same for each of the component colors. There are further advantages for printing apparatus design in making the illumination optics subsystem as compact as possible. In conventional practice, printing apparatus are often designed to be compatible with one type of photosensitive medium. While some ability to adapt to different media types and conditions is inherent in the ability to modulate at the spatial light modulator itself, it can be appreciated that there would be advantages in designing an illumination system that has added adaptability. For example, different types of photographic film or paper process optimally under different brightness conditions. There would be advantages, therefore, in providing a printing apparatus that is adaptable to as broad a range of media as possible. In summary, it can be seen that there is room for improvement in maximizing brightness, in simplifying the time sequencing, in streamlining the component arrangement, and in providing solutions which allow compact component packaging for the illumination optics path of a digital color printing apparatus using a spatial light modulator. It is an object of the present invention to provide a digital color writing apparatus using a spatial light modulator and having an illumination optics path that provides improved brightness and provides other advantages over conventional systems. Briefly, according to one aspect of the present invention a writing apparatus for forming an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium comprises: (a) a spatial light modulator comprising an array of pixel sites, each pixel site modulating an incident light beam in order to form an array of image pixels according to the digital data; and (b) an illumination system comprising a dichroic prism for combining input light from a plurality of light sources onto a common output axis to provide the incident light beam. It is a feature of the present invention that it employs a dichroic combiner in a novel arrangement within the illumination system of the digital color writing apparatus. It is an advantage of the present invention that it provides an apparatus capable of achieving high print speeds that can equal or exceed those available with conventional laser and polygon-based equipment. Moreover, the apparatus of the present invention achieves high throughput speeds without the complexity and cost of rotating reflective components and their support timing structures. It is a further advantage of the present invention that it allows the use of colored light sources having high brightness, while providing a single optical path for directing and conditioning an incident light beam from such sources for modulation. With respect to the optical path, the present invention relaxes limitations on the illumination area where arrays of light sources are employed. In effect, for each color, an array of light sources can fill the full aperture and illumination cone angle available. Since it positions each light source at the same optical distance from uniformizing optics and modulation components, the present invention also facilitates providing, for each color illumination at the same height-width aspect ratio as the spatial light modulator. It is a further advantage of the present invention that its optical arrangement provides each component light source at substantially the same cone angle. This simplifies the design of optics used to provide a uniform light field for each color source in the illumination path. It is a further advantage of the present invention that it provides a compact arrangement of light sources that can be clustered in close proximity to the dichroic prism. It is a further advantage of the present invention that it provides an arrangement that allows straightforward alignment of colored light from multiple light sources onto a single illumination path. It is a further advantage of the present invention that it allows the sequencing of colored light to be controlled directly at the light source, thereby taking advantage of fast switching times of LED devices and eliminating the need for rotating filters, shutters, or other optical or mechanical devices used for providing sequential color with conventional approaches. Using the method of the present invention, it is straightforward to adapt exposure intensity and duration to the specific response characteristics of a photosensitive medium. These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein there is shown and described an illustrative embodiment of the invention. While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the major optical components in a digital printing apparatus using a spatial light modulator and the illumination system of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the major optical components in an alternate embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing major components of a digital printing apparatus capable of adapting to a media type; and FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram showing major optical components of a digital printing apparatus in a alternate embodiment of the present invention, using a fourth light source. The present description is directed in particular to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, apparatus in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood that elements not specifically shown or described may take various forms well known to those skilled in the art. Referring to FIG. 1, there are shown, in block diagram form, the basic optical components of a printing apparatus 10 of the present invention. An illumination system 14 provides an incident light beam L through a polarizing beamsplitter 24 to a spatial light modulator 30. Polarizing beamsplitter 24 reflects one polarized component of incident light beam L toward spatial light modulator 30. Spatial light modulator 30 modulates individual pixels of the incident light and reflects a modulated light beam M through polarizing beamsplitter 24 to a print lens 38, which focuses modulated light beam M for imaging at image plane 36 onto photosensitive medium 32. For the basic configuration of FIG. 1, spatial light modulator 30 is a reflective LCD. A re-arrangement of components from that shown in FIG. 1 would apply for modulation using a transmissive LCD as spatial light modulator 30. For such an alternative configuration, a straight-line optical system could be provided, eliminating polarizing beamsplitter 24 and the 90 degree deflection of the light path. Following conventional techniques well known in the optical arts, transmissive LCD spatial light modulator 30 would then be inserted into the light path after illumination system 14, preceded by a polarizer for providing suitably polarized light and followed by an analyzer. A slight re-arrangement of components from that shown in FIG. 1 would also apply when using a DMD as spatial light modulator 30. As is well known in the optical arts, the DMD would accept, from illumination system 14, incident light beam L at the proper angle. No polarization components would be required for a DMD-based printing apparatus 10. In the preferred embodiment, illumination system 14 provides incident light beam L in a cyclical sequence of red, green, and blue color light. By alternating colors in this way, a single spatial light modulator 30 can be used for successive imaging using red, green, and blue wavelengths, such as is done for photographic film printing, for example. To provide incident light beam L, as one of a plurality of different colors, along a common axis A, illumination system 14 uses a dichroic prism 26. The X-cube or X-prism of a preferred embodiment, familiar to those skilled in the optical arts, is shown as dichroic prism 26 in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows an alternate arrangement in which a Philips prism 126 is used as dichroic prism 26. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, it should be noted that similar components are used for providing light for each color. Components for individual color paths are designated with an appended letter: �r� for red, �g� for green, �b� for blue. These appended letters are used in this specification only when necessary to be specific in discussion of a color path. Returning to FIG. 1, a light source 20, possibly conditioned by an optional polarization filter 18, provides input source light to dichroic prism 26. Illumination from red light source 20 r is reflected by a dichroic surface within dichroic prism 26 to emerge as output along optical axis A. Similarly, illumination from blue light source 20 b is reflected from a dichroic surface within dichroic prism 26 to emerge as output along optical axis A. Illumination from green light source 20 g is transmitted through dichroic prism 26, also output along optical axis A. Thus, the action of dichroic prism 26 combines each of light sources 20 r, 20 g, 20 b to provide output light along optical axis A. It must be noted that the X-cube that serves as dichroic prism 26 exhibits sensitivity to the angle of incident light, giving best performance with light at normal or near-normal incidence. For this reason, flat LED arrays are preferred for light source 20, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Optional red, green, and blue polarization filters 18 r, 18 g, and 18 b condition the polarization of light from the corresponding light sources 20 r, 20 g, and 20 b. Condensing lens 42 then optimizes capture of light from the LEDs. Additional beam-shaping optics are provided to further condition this output light in order to provide incident light beam L for polarizing beamsplitter 24. Output light from dichroic prism 26 goes to a condenser lens 42 and to a field lens 50 which directs the illumination beam to a uniformizer 44, such as an optical tunnel, integrating bar, or lenslet array, that provides a uniform illumination field for incident light beam L. A condenser lens 48 then directs uniform incident light beam L to polarizing beamsplitter 24. For optimum optical efficiency and writing speed, it is preferable that light source 20 and the lenslet array or integrator bar of uniformizer 44 have substantially the same height-width aspect ratio as spatial light modulator 30. The arrangement of FIGS. 1 and 2 allows printing apparatus 10 to provide exposure light having intense brightness levels with controlled duration. Using dichroic prism 26, each light source 20 provides illumination at the same cone angle, maximizing brightness and simplifying the design of uniformizer 44 and lenses 42 and 50. Adapting to Type of Photosensitive Medium 32 Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an optional arrangement of major components for printing apparatus 10 that enable sensing and detection of the type of photosensitive medium 32 that has been loaded for imaging. A control logic processor 28, typically a dedicated microprocessor or other computer, controls illumination system 14 to adjust the brightness and duration of incident light beam L for each color. Since the exposure energy is proportional to brightness (or intensity) and duration, control of illumination system 14 allows control logic processor to adapt printing apparatus 10 to a number of compatible types of photosensitive media 32. An operator could provide commands to control logic processor to indicate the type of media 32. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, automatic detection is provided. A sensor 12 connects as input to control logic processor 28. Sensor 12 detects the presence of an indicator 16 that is coupled to photosensitive media 32. Optional sensor 12 can thus read encoded information from indicator 16, where this information concerns photosensitive medium 32. This information can be used by control logic processor 28 to change the behavior of illumination system 14 appropriately. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, Table 1 lists a representative number of possible sensors 12 and the corresponding indicator 16 provided with photosensitive medium 32.
As Table 1 suggests, there are numerous ways for sensing information about photosensitive media 32 that would allow printing apparatus 10 to adapt accordingly. Among possible alternatives, the indicator 16 encoding could be printed on or attached to photosensitive medium 32 packaging or could be provided from a network connection or manually entered by an operator. Using this option with the preferred embodiment, upon sensing media 32 type, control logic processor 28 would be capable of controlling multiple variables in the exposure process, such as light intensity and duration for illumination system 14 or voltage bias settings for spatial light modulator 30, for example. Just a few examples of types of information that can be encoded using indicator 16 include: Product identification; Batch number; Date of manufacture; Data on sensitometric characteristics; One or more encoded instructions for operation of printing apparatus 10; Look-up tables or pointers to stored data; URL or similar network address for obtaining preferred processing parameters from a networked site. Where a URL or similar network address is provided, control logic processor 28 could be programmed for automatic access to the network site, using techniques familiar to those skilled in networking technology. This would allow control logic processor 28 to obtain the needed processing parameters or to download executable instructions for processing photosensitive medium 32. Color-Sequential Operation As synchronized by control logic processor 28 which provides image frames of successive color components in order, spatial light modulator 30 forms images in color-sequential fashion in printing apparatus 10 of the present invention. Thus, for example, spatial light modulator 30 forms the red component of an image frame when provided the data for the red component and illuminated by the red color source, then forms the green component when provided the data for the green component and illuminated by the green color source, and then forms the blue component when provided the data for the blue component and illuminated by the blue component source. This pattern repeats: red, green, and blue for each successive frame. For each separate component color, control logic processor 28 can configure spatial light modulator 30 with a different set of parameters, such as voltage bias level. In this way, spatial light modulator 30 can adjust its behavior for each component color. In this color-sequential operation, the image data processed by control logic processor 28 can also be conditioned using a separate Look-Up Table (LUT) for each color. Thus, printing apparatus 10 is able to optimize color printing for each component color. Typically, component colors are R, G, and B, however, the method and apparatus of the present invention could be readily adapted to an alternate color sequence. Light Source 20 Component Selection and Options In a preferred embodiment, light source 20 is an LED array, fabricated by assembling multiple LEDs on a surface. A preferred embodiment uses LEDs such as Model No. NSPB500 and NSPG500 series blue and green devices available from Nichia America Corp., Mountville, Pa. or H3000L series red devices available from Stanley Electric Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. Commercial LED arrays that could be used include types such as the Luxeon Star/O LXHL-NE98, available from LumiLeds Lighting, San Jose, Calif. LEDs have a number of advantages for providing imaging light, including high brightness, spectral purity, and fast switching times. Alternative light sources include other LED types or lasers. While some types of lamps might be used, such devices would require additional filtering and shutter components, which can add cost and complexity as well as introducing undesirable heat and space requirements. In the most straightforward embodiment, light sources 20 r, 20 g, and 20 b would use the same basic type of device. As noted above, this provides the inherent advantages of identical light cones for each color. However, it might be preferred to employ different types of light source devices, in a hybrid arrangement, within the same illumination system 14. As just one example, a laser could be used as part of light source 20 r, 20 g, or 20 b, with LEDs or other sources used for other colors. The selection of a suitable device for light source 20 r, 20 g, or 20 b would be based on factors such as the response characteristics of photosensitive medium 32, device availability and cost, or printing speed requirements, for example. For most conventional film printing applications, visible light is used for exposure. However, the present invention does not restrict light sources 20 to the visible spectrum. One or more light sources 20 could provide radiant energy from infrared or ultraviolet regions, for example. Referring to FIG. 4, an alternate embodiment is shown, in which printing apparatus 10 alternately provides invisible light from optional light source 20 i. From the view of FIG. 4, infrared or ultraviolet light from light source 20 i, conditioned by optional polarization filter 18 i, is reflected into the illumination path by dichroic mirror 52. Using the alternate embodiment of FIG. 4, fourth light source 20 i could be used for imaging onto the same photosensitive medium 32 that accepts red, green, and blue light. Alternately, fourth light source 20 i could be used independently from other light sources 20 r, 20 g, 20 b with one or more different types of photosensitive media 32. As just one example, light source 20 i providing infrared light might be the best illumination source for exposing some types of black and white or other monochromatic film media. Using sensor 12 and related control logic as described earlier with reference to FIG. 3, printing apparatus 10 could detect a type of photosensitive medium 32 requiring a separate light source instead of, or in addition to, conventional RGB light. Photosensitive Medium 32 In the preferred embodiment, printing apparatus 10 is particularly suited to high-speed motion picture film imaging applications. Photosensitive medium 32 could be an intermediate negative film for motion picture production, such as Eastman EXR Color Intermediate Film EK 5244, manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. Alternately, photosensitive medium 32 could be a print film, such as KODAK VISION Premier Color Print Film/2393, also manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. However, the present invention is applicable to a broader range of imaging apparatus. Photosensitive medium 32 can be more broadly interpreted to include any of a number of types of sensitized film, paper, or other surface having photosensitive emulsions that respond to image-bearing light. Photosensitive medium 32 could be, for example, a reversal film medium that is positive-acting, so that increasing levels of exposure cause decreasing film densities. Examples of reversal film media include conventional slide film, such as Kodachrome and Ektachrome slide films manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. Photosensitive medium 32 can also include an intermediate surface used for forming a color image such as, for example, an electrophotographic imaging medium. Photosensitive medium 32 could alternately comprise an electronic photosensor array or grid employed as a component in an imaging path. Photosensitive medium 32 could also be a dry process media type. As was described with reference to FIG. 3, printing apparatus 10 of the present invention could be configured to be adaptable to more than one type of photosensitive medium 32. Depending on the photosensitive medium 32 type, a number of adjustments could be made to components of printing apparatus 10 for providing optimal exposure conditions, such as the following: (a) different light sources 20 could be switched into the optical path; (b) a different number of LEDs in an LED array used as light source 20 could be energized in order to provide the necessary exposure energy; (c) adjustment of the drive current for LED or other light source 20; (d) adjustment of on-time for light source 20, such as using a variable pulse-width scheme; or (e) addition of a filter or shutter component for attenuating light from any light source 20. Different calibration Look-Up-Tables (LUTs) could be used for controlling aspects of illumination system 14 operation, based on the type of photosensitive medium 32 that has been loaded. Mechanical Alignment In contrast to any illumination scheme using dichroic mirrors that requires alignment of each individual dichroic surface in order to maintain a single illumination axis, the method of the present invention takes advantage of geometric symmetries of dichroic prism 26 or Philips prism 126 for alignment. Moreover, because light sources 20 r, 20 g, and 20 b can be situated near the surfaces of dichroic prism 26 as shown in FIG. 1, or near the surfaces of Philips prism 126 as shown in FIG. 2, spacing requirements and tolerance problems are minimized. Alternate Embodiments The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the scope of the invention as described above, and as noted in the appended claims, by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, while the preferred embodiment is optimized for providing source illumination to a reflective LCD spatial light modulator 30, the present invention admits a number of alternate embodiments. As is noted above, substituting a polarizer for polarizing beamsplitter 24 would allow use of a transmissive LCD spatial light modulator 30. Alternately, angular redirection of incident light beam L and elimination of polarizing beamsplitter 24 or other polarizing components would allow use of illumination system 14 with a DMD as spatial light modulator 30. While the preferred embodiment uses visible light from red, green, and blue light sources, light having any suitable wavelength, including light outside the visible spectrum, can be used for any of light sources 20 in illumination source 14. While the description of the embodiment of FIG. 4 would generally be best suited for exposure light outside the visible spectrum, optional light source 20 i could be visible light at some alternate wavelength that is particularly suited to a class of photosensitive media 32. Thus, what is provided is an apparatus for writing color images from digital data onto a photosensitive medium with a plurality of light sources and a single spatial light modulator, light sources directed toward the spatial light modulator through a dichroic prism. 10. Printing apparatus 12. Sensor 14. Illumination system 16. Indicator 18. Polarization filter 18 r. Polarization filter for red 18 g. Polarization filter for green 18 b. Polarization filter for blue 18 i. Polarization filter for fourth color illumination 20. Light source 20 r. Red light source 20 g. Green light source 20 b. Blue light source 20 i. Fourth light source 24. Polarizing beamsplitter 26. Dichroic prism 28. Control logic processor 30. Spatial light modulator 32. Photosensitive medium 36. Image plane 38. Print lens 42. Condensing lens 44. Uniformizer 46. Analyzer 48. Condenser lens 50. Field lens 52. Dichroic mirror 126. Philips prism Patent Citations
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When you go through puberty, it's pretty darn common to wake up one morning, look down and realize there's hair everywhere. The fact of the matter is, however, humans are mammals and we all naturally have hair all over, whether it's dark and coarse or barely noticeable.
I urge you to leave the hair on your nipples alone. The skin on and surrounding your nips is extremely sensitive, making plucking and waxing a really painful-sounding idea. Plus, if that area of skin doesn't take well to depilatories, you're gonna be seriously uncomfortable until the irritation goes away. And shaving is a recipe for lots of cuts all over your boobs.
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Obama is confused about the economy: It's doing fine. Well it isn't if you don't use my never never land numbers.
2012/06/08 21:26:36
20 votes
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8 votes
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- Don Leuty 2012/06/10 21:27:12
- Idiot repubs 2012/06/10 21:08:48other, I think thisHe said the private sector is doing well, but if YOU want to lie about what he said, go ahead.
- betz 2012/06/10 20:00:03Liar in Chief+1I love Mitt's response on Friday shortly after he heard the prez's comments:
"He said the private sector is doing fine," Romney said. "Is he really that out of touch? I think he's defining what it means to be detached and out of touch with the American people. Has there ever been an American president who is so far from reality as to believe in an America where 23 million Americans are out of work."
This prez is absolutely CLUELESS! -
- mwg0735 2012/06/09 06:59:23
- S and S 2012/06/09 03:54:10
- Kiosk Kid 2012/06/09 00:13:29
- Kane Fernau 2012/06/08 23:03:21
- Mike 2012/06/08 22:56:50
- JMCC 2012/06/08 22:33:07other, I think this+2It;s very clever actually,- I have just realised that he has started painting his opposition into the corner,,,
With his announcement today he is saying that if the Hill don't pass his job creation bill (which will create jobs and which the Republicans were probably planning to pass in some form after the election), then they will be blamed for not helping resolve the problem.
If they do pass the bill then he will take the credit.....
This is getting interesting...
Its "game theory" in the mathematical sense. I wonder which strategic analyst came up with this one?.... - SK-pro impeachment 2012/06/08 22:28:49
- bob'45 2012/06/08 22:21:36
- Mr. T 2012/06/08 22:16:37
- maggiemay 2012/06/08 21:53:37Liar in Chief+5Shows how out of touch this narcissistic ass is. In case he hasn't noticed the private sector isn't doing so fine. People have lost their jobs,their homes, and most of their retirement. The most they can hope for now is that they have enough food to put on the table, and some place for their kids to sleep.
- Denny 2012/06/08 21:47:56
- lonewolf 2012/06/08 21:39:27
- Dale 2012/06/08 21:32:49
- flaca BN-0 2012/06/08 21:30:15other, I think this+2his exact words : "the private sector is doing fine". And since the bulk of job creation is in the private sector, it could be argued that after a calamitous the private sector IS doing fine. He did not say the economy is doing fine.
When states are cutting departments, they are laying off people. So shrinking government which some advocate is directly causing unemployment. -
- Reggie☮ 2012/06/08 21:29:52
- Mel the Witch POTL PWCM~JLA 2012/06/08 21:28:01
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text: Home Surname List Name Index Sources Email Us | Seventh Generation320. Alphonzo "Fonnie" FRY144 was born on 4 October 1891 in Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas.145 He died on 14 October 1948 at the age of 57 in Hamlin, Jones County, Texas.146,147,148 World War I Draft Card dated 6 Jun 1917. Alphonzo [his spelling] Fry was then age 25, born 4 Oct 1891. He lived in Ladonia, Texas and worked as a Laborer for Lee Walker. His mother was his dependent and he was single. He is described as tall with gray eyes, brown hair. 1930 Census. Justice Precinct 1, Stephens Co TX, Hh 205 1940 Census. Breckenridge, Stephens TX, Hh 312, 803 Miller Ave. The obituary report of Alfonzo Fry stated he was 57 years, 10 days old when he died of a coronary occlusion. He had worked for the Highway Department until a year before when he had a stroke. Was a member of the Baptist Church for 30 years and a member of the American Legion and VFW. Apparently served in World War I in Germany. He had lived at Breckenridge, Texas for 22 years having moved there from Ladonia. He was with Henry Whitecotton near Hamlin, Jones Co TX when he died but services were at 1st Baptist Church in Breckenridge, Stephens County, and he was buried at Breckenridge Cemetery. The Death Certificate was recorded in Fisher County. Buried 16 October, 1948. Breckenridge Cemetery, Breckenridge, TX. The Death Certificate has date of death & burial both as 14th. Family info has his date of death as Oct 12. #2218966 Alphonzo "Fonnie" FRY and Bertha May WALKER were married on 8 July 1917 in Ladonia, Fannin County, Texas.147 Bertha May WALKER was born on 29 April 1898 in Mississippi.131,149 She died on 12 October 1972 at the age of 74.148 Bertha's Death Certificate stated she died Stephens Memorial Hospital, Breckenridge, Stephens Co TX. Her address was 1901 W. Elliott St. She obviously did not remarry after the death of Alfonzo. Her father was Hyram Walker; her mother Henryetta Graham. Son Billy gave the data for the death certificate. She was buried Breckenridge Cemetery. Alphonzo "Fonnie" FRY and Bertha May WALKER had the following children:


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Top Definition
1. a very attractive man
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2. a man with large genitals
3. one who is excellent in bed
"I met a sexy man today. He was unbelievable in bed."
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A group of men that make you want to make the love.
Those sexy men make my penis hard and my eyes water.
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text: Naked Movie is a 2002 American comedy with as much star power as humor. Tori Spelling, French Stewart, Jeff Garlin, Alana Stewart, and Michael Badalucco star in this mockumentary about what it takes to make a movie in the glittering city of Hollywood, with cameos by Carmen Electra, Danica McKellar, Jeff Conoway, David Carradine, Sandra Taylor, , Lou Diamond Phillips, Andy Dick, Adrian Zmed, and Herschel Savage. When film director Sam Henry Kass (Sam Henry Kass) is not getting much help from his agent (Tori Spelling) in getting funding for his upcoming project, he turns to a porn king (Andy Dick) for financing. As could have been expected, the porn king wants to influence the film that he is funding and soon Kass finds himself directed adult videos. That was definitely not how he had planned his career to go. Naked Movie is a funny fake documentary about money, movies, celebrity, and porn.


text:
Range Rules and Policies West End Gun Club, Inc.
I. Membership and Dues
Dues for current Annual members are established in the By-laws of West End Gun Club, Inc. Annual members must renew their membership on or before December 31 of each year. Dues for Annual members are $240.00 annually, with a one-time initiation fee of $240.00. Annual membership dues, fees and renewals may only be paid to West End Gun Club, Inc. through the office of the Membership Director. The fees for Limited membership are set by the Board and are currently $65.00 per year initially, (as of Jan 1, 2015 -new and renewing members must show proof of NRA membership), plus daily use fees thereafter. Limited membership is valid until one year from the start date on the Limited member card and may be sold or renewed by the Rangemaster at the MainRange.
II. Range Fees
1. Main Range Fees
Fees are charged for use of the MainRange when a Rangemaster is present and controlling the MainRange firing line. Currents fees are:
- $5 daily range fee for Limited members and $10 daily range fee for each Limited member guest. Limited members are limited to 2 guest shooters, including junior shooters.
- No range fees are charged for Annual members and his or her immediate family (includes their spouse, minor children and minor grandchildren) and $5 daily range fee each for each Annual member guest, up to three guests per Annual member.
- No range fees are charged for any junior shooters (less than 18 years old) at the MainRange. The Rangemaster on duty must approve junior shooters at the MainRange as safe to handle firearms. An adult must supervise all junior shooters at all times when they are shooting. Waivers must be completed and signed by a guardian who is present for all guests that are minors and present on the range, whether they are shooting or not.
2. Match fees
The fees paid by competitors in scheduled events are set by each discipline's Director and are listed at the top of each month's newsletter. Payment of a match fee does not entitle the guest to shoot free of charge on the Main Range or to the use of any WEGC range facilities before or after the match, without being with a WEGC member. Check with the Match Director for additional fees for special match events.
3. Group fees
The Board establishes range fees and permission for special recreational events and use by members on a case-by-case basis. In general, however, range fees will apply and an Annual member must be in attendance with the group at all times.
III. General Club Rules
1. No alcohol is to be present or consumed by anyone, anywhere on club property, while guns are present and available for use. Once an individual starts to drink, he or she is finished shooting for the day.
- Any condition resulting in the shooters impairment will result in their immediate termination of shooting and may result in the shooter being asked to leave the range until this condition is mitigated.
- Absolutely no alcohol is allowed on the MainRange at any time.
2. There is no smoking allowed anywhere on the range.
3. All members and guests on all Club range facilities when in areas that may present a hazard due to the results of bullet impact and gunshot report are required to wear eye and hearing protection.
4. All Guests must sign a WEGC Waiver of Liability each time they visit the range.
- Minor guests (under the age of eighteen) must have a WEGC Waiver of Liability signed for them by a guardian present.
- Guest participants of WEGC sponsored matches or events may have a WEGC Waiver of Liability kept on file annually by the Director of that match or event and therefore will not need to resign each time when participating in that specific match or event.
- Excluding immediate family which consists of a spouse, minor children and minor grandchildren, Annual members are allowed to have no more than three additional guests while using the back ranges.
- Match Directors may have as many guest shooters as their Range Safety Officer cadre is able to support at any WEGC sponsored match or event.
5. West End is a ColdRange. All guns are to be kept in a safe and empty condition until on the firing line or under the supervision of a Range Safety Officer during competition.
6. Except for those days and times when the Main Range is available to Limited members, when a Rangemaster present, the Range Gate is to be kept locked by Annual members at all times. Make certain that the padlock has been snapped into place right side up and the combination scrambled.
7. Absolutely no sales of firearms or ammunition are permitted on range property.
8. Direct transfer of Black powder from bulk containers to a firearm is not permitted. Black powder shooters must reload from a powder horn or tin. Shooters may transfer Black powder from bulk containers to a powder horn, but then they must safely secure the bulk Black powder container before shooting.
9. Any shooters under the age of 18 years old are considered a junior shooter. While shooting, juniors must be under the constant supervision of an adult.
10. Visitor guests are permitted to watch matches or events without charge on the range. They are not allowed to roam around freely, however, and must be accompanied by an Annual member when not in the vicinity of the Main Range or any of the matches.
IV. Rules for the Main Range
1. The Main range is closed to Limited members on holidays or anytime the Rangemaster is not in attendance. The range gate will always be locked open if a Rangemaster is operating the Main Range.
2. The action of all guns shall always be open except when in shooting positions. Range safety chamber flags are required for all firearms on the firing line.
3. No handling guns of any kind or any equipment at shooting benches during the line-breaks.
4. Stay on the firing line when shooting.
5. Shoot at approved targets only. The Rangemaster on duty has the authority to classify any target as inappropriate to preserve the safety of the range or members and guests.
- Shooting at rocks or any other inappropriate targets that cause ricochets or may start a fire is prohibited on the MainRange.
- Shooting any flammable or exploding material is prohibited at the MainRange, including Tannerite or any other similar binary compounds.
- Shooting at any non-biodegradable targets, that the destruction of and resulting debris would present a hazard if washed into the creek, is prohibited on the MainRange.
- Shooting at glass bottles is prohibited on the MainRange.
- Shooting at any wildlife is prohibited at the MainRange.
6. Tracer, incendiary and armor-piercing ammunitions are not permitted at the MainRange.
7. Intoxicating beverages are not permitted on the Main Range.
8. Persons under the age of 18 years must be accompanied by a parent or guardian and shall not be allowed to shoot without adult supervision.
9. Children not shooting are not permitted on the firing line.
10. A time limit of 2 hours may be enforced if all firing points are occupied.
11. The Range-master may refuse anyone the right to shoot and may order anyone to leave the range to enforce range rules and preserve the safety of the range or the safety of members or guests.
12. Eye and hearing protection is required for everyone on the MainRange, including spectators.
13. While on the MainRange, only shoot rifles from the rifle side and pistols from the pistol side unless the Rangemaster on duty authorizes it.
14. Use of a holster to carry a gun or to draw from is prohibited on the MainRange.
V. Rules for the Back Ranges
1. All Annual member guests must sign a WEGC Waiver of Liability each time they use the back ranges as a guest. The waiver will be left with the Rangemaster or in the waiver box at the Main Range office before proceeding to the back ranges.
2. All Annual members are required to have a full sized shovel whenever they are on the range and show it to anyone who asks. A 4 lb. fire extinguisher is also recommended.
3. Eye and hearing protection are required for everyone on the back ranges, including spectators.
4. All members are required to have their membership cards with them anytime they are on the range. All members are required to show their membership card anytime they are asked to and have the right to ask to see any members' card as well. When asked about membership status, guests are required to provide information about whom they are and whom they are with.
5. Use by Annual members of the back ranges is on a first come, first served basis, except as described otherwise in these range rules. All members are required to share the range facilities with fellow members whenever attendance is high. This applies to all bays and pads. The Rangemasters have the final authority to close or open any bay or pad, at any time, to accommodate the maximum number of members using the range.
6. Use of the back ranges is limited to Annual Club members and their guests. Annual members must accompany guests on the back ranges at all times. Regularly scheduled matches are open to guests, but non-members must remain in the immediate vicinity of the match.
7. Before proceeding to the back range area, all Annual members and their guests must stop at the range office to check in with the Rangemaster whenever a Rangemaster is in control of the Main Range. He may inform you if any of the back ranges are unavailable for member use.
8. The Shotgun Range is for shotguns only. No handguns or rifles are to be discharged on this range, without prior authorization of the Board or Range Officer.
9. The Small bore Silhouette / Junior range is for .22 Short, Long and Long Rifle rim-fire only. Absolutely no .17 caliber, no magnum rim-fire, no rim-fire ammo above 1,500 fps velocity and no type of center-fire ammo use are allowed.
10. The unreserved use of the 600-yard shooting position is limited to Monday through Thursday mornings on a first come, first served basis, unless otherwise noted in these Range Rules. There is no individual use of the 600-yard range by members on Fridays, Saturdays or Sundays. Unless otherwise noted in these Range Rules, the 600-yard range must be relinquished at 10:00 a.m. if there are other members of the club who wish to utilize any of the other members shooting ranges. After inspecting that all the back ranges are cleared of other occupants, the gate leading out of the MainRange must be closed before using the 600-yard pad.
- Annual members have the priority use of the 600-yard pad each Tuesday of the week from dawn until 12:00 hours, as long as they claim its use before 08:00 hours.
- The Rangemasters have the final authority to close or open any bay or pad, at any time, to accommodate the maximum number of members using the range.
11. Rifle shooters are given priority use of the 200-meter pad Monday through Friday and on fifth Saturday and Sunday mornings, before 10 am. Before 10 am members occupying bays beyond the 200-meter pad must move back to other bays at the request of Annual members wishing to use the 200-meter pad, as long as there is space available in bays 1 thru 6. After inspecting that the back ranges are cleared of other occupants, the gate leading to bays 7 through 11 must be closed before using the 200-meter pad.
- The Rangemasters have the final authority to close or open any bay or pad, at any time, to accommodate the maximum number of members using the range.
12. All rifle shooting positions that shoot over other shooting positions or bays requires a safety inspection first, where the member(s) actually drive(s) or walk(s) the full distance from the firing line to the impact area. Once the range is determined to be secure, with no other persons present downrange and all gates or safety cables closed to insure that no one drives past your firing position while you are shooting, only then may firing commence.
13. Never walk or drive past any closed gates, cables, safety cones or barricades without checking to see if that area is a live-fire area.
14. Shooting on the back ranges must always be in the direction of authorized impact areas and from designated rifle pads or while completely inside the safety berms of an authorized shooting bay.
15. The use of incendiary, tracer or armor-piercing ammunition is prohibited everywhere on the range.
16. Never shoot at club property or structures. Any club equipment, which you might use, are to be used only for the purpose for which they were designed, including; tables, chairs, benches, buckets, trash cans, rifle racks, equipment storage boxes and target holders. Intentional vandalism to club property will lead to expulsion from the Club and loss of membership.
17. Unauthorized use of safeguarded club equipment is prohibited. If material is locked and you don't have a key, leave it alone.
18. Members are responsible for bringing appropriate targets to shoot at whenever they use the back ranges.
19. Shooting at rocks or any other inappropriate targets that cause ricochets or may start a fire is prohibited everywhere on the range.
- Shooting trash or junk is prohibited everywhere on the range.
- Shooting glass is prohibited everywhere on the range.
- Shooting any flammable or exploding material is prohibited everywhere on the range, including Tannerite or any other similar binary compounds.
- Shooting at containers designed to hold flammable material is prohibited everywhere on the range.
- Shooting at any non-biodegradable targets, that the destruction of and resulting debris would present a hazard if washed into the creek, is prohibited.
- Do not shoot at E-Waste such as TVs, computers, refrigerators, light fixtures, automotive components or large junk like furniture, anywhere on the range.
20. Do not dump E-Waste, petroleum products or any other hazardous waste in the WEGC trashcans or dumpsters.
21. Members are responsible to clean up after themselves and their guests. Deposit trash in the appropriate trashcans, dumpsters or pack it up and take it home. This includes spent casings or shotgun hulls.
22. Hunting and shooting at any wildlife is strictly prohibited everywhere on WEGC range property.
23. Open campfires, wood burning and charcoal barbecues are strictly prohibited everywhere on WEGC range property. Only propane barbecues are permitted for use on WEGC range property.


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Modern Deco Top
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Length | 24 | 25 | 26 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 28 | 28.5 |
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text:
Posted by shelliR on August 25, 2001, at 18:34:02
In reply to Uh oh-forgot to mention tennis and ADs in order, posted by shelliR on August 25, 2001, at 17:02:42
> to keep the last post appropriate to Psychobabble and not be redirected. Won't happen again, Dr. Bob. Posts *solely* on the topic of the U.S. open and not medications will be posts on PB in the future.
> shelli
I mean on *social* psychobabble. And I thought the wellbutrin was only affecting my speech.S
URL: http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/20010822/msgs/76399.html


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May 6, 2015 |
Families Demand Compensation for WWII DeportationsPosted on Aug 29, 2006More than 200 families have threatened the French state railway with legal action if it refuses to compensate them for its role in transporting relatives to death camps during WWII. The railway companies argue they were forced to carry out the deportations, though a court in June sided with victims' families. BBC News: Advertisement Square, Site wide New and Improved CommentsIf you have trouble leaving a comment, review this help page. Still having problems? Let us know. If you find yourself moderated, take a moment to review our comment policy. |


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Credit: Samantha Heric
Ninnekah Oklahoma PUMPJACK IN THE SUN SET
Taken By: Samantha Heric Chickasha Oklahoma Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
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- 800.878.7323
More copies of this ISBNThis title in other editionsOther titles in the Joe Leaphorn/Jim Chee Novels series:
A Thief of Time (Joe Leaphorn/Jim Chee Novels)by Tony Hillerman
Synopses & ReviewsPublisher Comments:Chapter One
The moon had risen just above the cliff behind her. Out on the packed sand of the wash bottom the shadow of the walker made a strange elongated shape. Sometimes it suggested a heron, sometimes one of those stick-figure forms of an Anasazi pictograph. An animated pictograph, its arms moving rhythmically as the moon shadow drifted across the sand. Sometimes, when the goat trail bent and put the walker's profile against the moon, the shadow became Kokopelli himself. The backpack formed the spirit's grotesque hump, the walking stick Kokopelli's crooked flute. Seen from above, the shadow would have made a Navajo believe that the great "yei northern clans called Watersprinkler had taken visible form. If an Anasazi had risen from his thousand-year grave in the trash heap under the cliff ruins here, he would have seen the Humpbacked Flute Player, the rowdy god of fertility of his lost people. But the shadow was only the shape of Dr. Eleanor Friedman-Bernal blocking out the light of an October moon. Dr. Friedman-Bernal rested now, sitting on a convenient rock, removing her backpack, rubbing her shoulders, letting the cold, high desert air evaporate the sweat that had soaked her shirt, reconsidering a long day. No one could have seen her. Of course, they had seen her driving away from Chaco. The children were up in the gray dawn to catch their school bus. And the children would chat about it to their parents. In that tiny, isolated Park Service society of a dozen adults and two children, everyone knew everything about everybody. There was absolutely no possibility of privacy. But she had done everything right. She had made the rounds of the permanent housing and checkedwith everyone on the digging team. She was driving into Farmington, she'd said. She'd collected the outgoing mail to be dropped off at the Blanco Trading Post. She had jotted down the list of supplies people needed. She'd told Maxie she had the Chaco fever--needed to get away, see a movie, have a restaurant dinner, smell exhaust fumes, hear a different set of voices, make phone calls back to civilization on a telephone that would actually work. She would spend a night where she could hear the sounds of civilization, something besides the endless Chaco silence. Maxie was sympathetic. If Maxie suspected anything, she suspected Dr. Eleanor Friedman-Bernal was meeting Lehman. That would have been fine with Eleanor Friedman-Bernal. The handle of the folding shovel she had strapped to her pack was pressing against her back. She stopped, shifted the weight, and adjusted the pack straps. Somewhere in the darkness up the canyon she could hear the odd screeching call of a saw-whet owl, hunting nocturnal rodents. She glanced at her watch: 10:11, changing to 10:12 as she watched. Time enough. No one had seen her in Bluff. She was sure of that. She had called from Shiprock, just to make doubly sure that no one was using Bo Arnold's old house out on the highway. No one had answered. The house was dark when she'd arrived, and she'd left it that way, finding the key under the flower box where Bo always left it. She'd done her borrowing carefully, disturbing nothing. When she put it back, Bo would never guess it had been missing. Not that it would matter. Bo was a biologist, scraping out a living as a part-timer with the Bureau of Land Management while he finished his dissertation on desertlichens, or whatever it was he was studying. He hadn't given a damn about anything else when she'd known him at Madison, and he didn't now. She yawned, stretched, reached for her backpack, decided to rest a moment longer. She'd been up about nineteen hours. She had maybe two more to go before she reached the site. Then she'd roll out the sleeping bag and not get out of it until she was rested. No hurry now. She thought about Lehman. Big. Ugly. Smart. Gray. Sexy. Lehman was coming. She'd wine him and dine him and show him what she had. And he would have to be impressed. He'd have to agree she'd proved her case. That wasn't necessary for publication--his approval. But for some reason, it was necessary to her. And that irrationality made her think of Maxie. Maxie and Elliot. She smiled, and rubbed her face. It was quiet here, just a few insects making their nocturnal sounds. Windless. The cold air settling into the canyon. She shivered, picked up the backpack, and struggled into it. A coyote was barking somewhere over on Comb Wash far behind her. She could hear another across the wash, very distant, yipping in celebration of the moonlight. She walked rapidly up the packed sand, lifting her legs high to stretch them, not thinking of what she would do tonight. She had thought long enough of that. Perhaps too long. Instead she thought of Maxie and Elliot. Brains, both. But nuts. The Blueblood and the Poorjane. The Man Who Could Do Anything obsessed by the woman who said nothing he did counted. Poor Elliot! He could never win. A flash of lightning on the eastern horizon--much too distant to hear the thunder and the wrong direction to threaten any rain. A last gasp of summer, shethought. The moon was higher now, its light muting the colors of the canyon into shades of gray. Her thermal underwear and the walking kept her body warm but her hands were like ice. She studied them. No hands for a lady. Nails blunt and broken. The skin tough, scarred, callused. Anthropology skin, they'd called it when she was an undergraduate. The skin of people who are always out under the sun, working in the dirt. Synopsis:When two corpses appear amid stolen goods and bones at an ancient burial site, Navajo Tribal Policemen Lt. Joe Leaphorn and Officer Jim Chee must plunge into the past to unearth the astonishing truth behind a mystifying series of horrific murders. Movie rights sold and characters of Leaphorn and Chee licensed to Wildwood Enterprises (Robert Redford's production company).
Synopsis:At a moonlit Indian ruin—where "thieves of time" ravage sacred ground in the name of profit—a noted anthropologist vanishes while on the verge of making a startling, history-altering discovery. At an ancient burial site, amid stolen goods and desecrated bones, two corpses are discovered, shot by bullets fitting the gun of the missing scientist.
There are modern mysteries buried in despoiled ancient places. And as blood flows all too freely, Navajo Tribal Policemen Joe Leaphorn and Jim Chee must plunge into the past to unearth an astonishing truth and a cold-hearted killer. Synopsis:A noted anthropologist vanishes at a moonlit Indian ruin where "thieves of time" ravage sacred ground for profit. When two corpses appear amid stolen goods and bones at an ancient burial site, Navajo Tribal Policemen Lt. Joe Leaphorn and Officer Jim Chee must plunge into the past to unearth the astonishing truth behind a mystifying series of horrific murders.
About the AuthorTony Hillerman is a former president of the Mystery Writers of America and has received its Edgar and Grand Master Awards. His other honors include the Los Angeles Times' Robert Kirsch Award for lifetime achievement, the Center for the American Indian's Ambassador Award, the Silver Spur Award for the best novel set in the West, and the Navajo Tribe's Special Friend Award. He lives with his wife in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Credits: | 2 (2/0/0) |
Description: | This course is designed to prepare the student to write the national board exam administered by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). A review of all course work presented in the program with an emphasis on the ARRT exam specifications will be presented. |
Prerequisites: | RADT2100 AND RADT2110 AND RADT2224 |
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Dao Tran
Dao X. Tran is an editor based in the Bronx, New York. Dao is currently working on the Domestic Worker Oral History Project. When not reading for work and pleasure, she enjoys time with her daughter Quyen, a changemaker of a different sort.
Edited by Dao Tran:
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101 Changemakers: Rebels and Radicals Who Changed US History Hardcover, October 2012 |
$19.95 |


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I have a shapefile
that represents contours
. Because I have clipped
the contours to the map boundary they are broken in several places. Now that I have labeled
the contours there are labels that are repeated for the same value, for example, the 0.1
contour interval is broken is several places and the label 0.1
is repeated. I would like to convert
my labels
to graphics
so that I can delete the undesired labels. How do I do this in ArcMap 10
Take the 2-minute tour
Geographic Information Systems Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for cartographers, geographers and GIS professionals. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I think you need to Convert Labels To Annotation. Once they are annotations (which are like "graphics" for labels) you can select and delete any you want within an edit session. |


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Look up Dutch or dutch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Dutch usually refers to:
- Dutch people, people from the Netherlands or their descendants
- Dutch language, spoken in the Netherlands, Belgium, Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and Suriname
- Something from or related to the Netherlands
Dutch may also refer to:
- Dutch (nickname), a list of people
- Johnny Dutch (born 1989), American hurdler
- Dutch Savage, ring name of professional wrestler and promoter Frank Stewart
- Bird's Opening, also known as the Dutch attack, a chess opening
- Dutch Defence, another chess opening
- Dutch Grand Prix, a former Formula One car race
- Dutch Open (disambiguation)
- Dutch TT, a motorcycle race, part of the MotoGP World Championship
- Central Dutch, nickname of college athletic teams of Central College, Pella, Iowa
Other uses[edit]
- Dutch (film), a 1991 American comedy starring Ed O'Neill
- Dutch, the magazine, a magazine in English about the Netherlands and the Dutch
- Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan, a 1999 biography with fictional elements by Edmund Morris
- Alan "Dutch" Schaefer, protagonist of the film Predator, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger
- Dutch Wagenbach, fictional character on the TV series The Shield
See also[edit]
- Pennsylvania Dutch, German-speaking settlers in Pennsylvania and their language
- Dutch Springs, a spring-fed lake in Pennsylvania
- Dutching, in gambling, betting on more than one outcome
- Going Dutch, in which each person pays for themselves, rather than one person paying for all
- Kenny Howard, an American-born artist known as "Dutch" and "Von Dutch"
- Von Dutch, a men's and women's apparel and accessories brand inspired by Kenny Howard's work
- Deutsch (disambiguation)
- All pages beginning with "Dutch"
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dutch. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |


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The Community of Disc Golfers and About All Things Disc Golf
82 members Latest Activity: Feb 1, 2011 This group is for players that play at Kensington disc golf courses
468 members Latest Activity: Feb 19, 2014 Judging from bottle caps found on courses, disc golfers drink good beer. No Bud, Miller, or Coors talk here.
126 members Latest Activity: Feb 19, 2014 For a month, starting January 19, Mark Ellis is going to transform the putting game of 10 disc golfers of varying abilities who all share one desire:…
Welcome to
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Posted by CoolDaddySlickBreeze on August 13, 2013 at 4:40pm
© 2015 Created by Terry "the Pirate" Calhoun.


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Ok, It says Bull Dog mesh Drag Suit--- but there is no picture showing that it has a British Flag and a bull dog on the butt. LOLbought it for my son. He is big- but I thought it was still too tight for the size??
Fits great . Will last a long time, as it is made well. I really like this suit. The dog on the back is GREAT.
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The Indigenous Nationalist Party of Tripura (INPT) will consult regional parties on the issue of augmentation of power of the state's lone autonomous district council constituted under the sixth schedule of the constitution. Top leaders of the party reached Guwahati on Saturday for the purpose ahead of their visit to New Delhi to place demands to the Central government.
INPT President Bijay Kumar Hrangkhawl, Vice President Nagendra Jamatia and General Secretary Jagadish Debbarma will hold talks with leaders of the regional parties and office bearers of other autonomous districts councils. Unlike rival Indigenous Peoples' Front of Tripura (IPFT) which is voicing for a separate state for the minority tribal population, INPT wants to take a pragmatic approach on the whole issue.
"We don't want bifurcation of the state, but definitely demand measures to strengthen the tribal district council. The present council has very limited power and jurisdiction", Jagadish Debbarma told The Hindu.
He said the council should be given authority under the seventh schedule of the constitution that was only granted to the Bodo Territorial Council (BTC) in Assam. The party would place this and other demands to the central government leaders including Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde at New Delhi.
INPT leaders said they want the centre moves a bill on assigning more power to the Tripura tribal autonomous district council in upcoming winter session of the parliament. The party would also lobby for other demands concerning s indigenous people who constitute one third of total population of Tripura, they added.
A team of IPFT leaders are also slated to visit New Delhi soon to demand for a separate state for the tribals. The party has been agitating for a new state with areas under the tribal autonomous district council.
The council covers three fourth of total area of the state, but has only one fourth of population in a state 3.6million people.
Keywords: Indigenous Nationalist Party of Tripura, INPT, Indigenous Peoples' Front of Triprua, IPFT, Tripura district council


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The Pakistan government is silent on the killing of Haqqani Network leader Naseeruddin Haqqani in Barakahu area of Islamabad on Sunday. In response to questions on Wednesday at the weekly media briefing, ministry of foreign affairs spokesperson Aizaz Ahmad Chaudhry said it was an internal matter and referred it to the ministry of interior which is equally tightlipped on the matter.
To questions on whether Haqqani was a conduit between the government and the Taliban, Mr. Chaudhry did not comment. Even before Haqqani's killing, Minister for interior Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan declared in the National Assembly on Monday that the talks with TTP had broken down and till the drone strikes continued there was no point in a dialogue. He said the killing of TTP chief Hakimullah Mehsud was a serious setback and now the government would have to pick up the pieces.
The new TTP leader Fazlullah is categorical about not going for any peace talks with the government. When asked to clarify about the whereabouts of Fazlullah and if he is in Afghanistan or Pakistan , Mr. Chaudhry said he did not have any update regarding this matter. He said that there was no contact with the Afghanistan government regarding the whereabouts of Fazlullah. As for reports about the presence of Pakistani militants in Afghanistan, he said the government had said many times that Afghanistan's territory should not be used against Pakistan.
Meanwhile, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's visit to Kabul was on the cards and the dates and an agenda were being worked out. The talks between the leaders of the two countries will focus on bilateral relations and the peace and reconciliation process in Afghanistan, Mr. Chaudhry said.
To questions on Mullah Baradar, he said that the Taliban leader and some others were released at the request of Afghan government. Mullah Baradar is in Pakistan and he is free to contact his family members or anyone else to advance the peace process, he reiterated. He also denied that the Afghanistan government had approached Pakistan for a visit to meet Mullah Baradar.
Keywords: Haqqani network, Naseeruddin Haqqani, Jalaluddin Haqqani, Taliban


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Charleston Southern snapped a three-game losing streak with a much-needed 101-69 victory over Barber-Scotia College on Saturday afternoon at the CSU Field House.
Charleston Southern (2-5) came into the game in a team-wide shooting slump, but had good success against the smaller Sabers (1-7), shooting 58.6 percent from the field for the game. The Bucs also made 26 of 35 free throws and outrebounded the Sabers, 39-29.
Sophomore guard Arlon Harper led all scorers with 23 points, while fellow sophomore guard Saah Nimley added 16. Junior Joe Williams scored a career-high 15 points off the bench for the Bucs and sophomore Paul Gombwer added 12 points with seven rebounds.
We got some good looks tonight, CSU coach Barclay Radebaugh said. We really worked hard offensively. We were much more patient and we shared the ball with 19 assists. Im still looking for us to find that edge and killer instinct. We didnt show one tonight like I wanted.
CSU struggled a bit early, managing only six points in the first six minutes but caught fire over the next five minutes, opening up a 19-5 lead with 11:14 to play in the first half.
The lead grew to 49-29 by halftime.
Midway through the second half, the Sabers made their only solid run of the game, trimming the margin to 15 at 75-60 with 8:32 remaining. CSU, however, answered with an 18-4 run to take a 93-64 lead with 4:30 left.
Damian McLendon paced Barber-Scotia with 15 points.
CSU turns its focus to Tuesday night when it hosts The Citadel.
Its another city rivalry game for us, Radebaugh added. We have a lot of respect for The Citadel. Theyre a much improved team. Theyre big. Theyre long and they execute their system very well. It will be a battle. We need our fans out for it. We need the same atmosphere we had against College of Charleston and hopefully well come out and play very well.
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West Kelowna to host new Special Olympics BC event
West Kelowna will be the guinea pig for a brand new Special Olympics BC event next March.
The first-ever SOBC Snow Sports Festival will bring together Special Olympics athletes from B.C. and Alberta to race in alpine skiing events at Crystal Mountain Resort and compete in cross-country and snowshoeing events at Telemark Nordic Club March 2 and 3, 2013.
About 145 SOBC and 100 Special Olympics Alberta athletes and coaches are expected to travel to the Westside for the festival.
West Kelowna was chosen to host the event because Crystal Mountain Resort and Telemark Nordic Club have been "extremely supportive" of SOBC, said Cari Henri, manager of sport for the organization.
Megan Grittani-Livingstone, SOBC manager of communications, said the experience of hosting the 2007 SOBC Winter Games and 2011 SOBC Snow Sport Championships makes West Kelowna a great location for the inaugural event.
"This is a slightly larger competitive opportunity for athletes to come in from all over B.C., and many are coming from Alberta, to compete in a larger setting, giving them a great opportunity to show how much they've improved, meet other athletes, renew friendships and see coaches network as well," said Grittani-Livingstone.
Henri said the plan is to make the SOBC Snow Sports Festival an annual competition.
"We're hoping for the next two years it will be in West Kelowna, then we'll look to see if there are other areas, just to spread it around the province," said Henri.
According to Grittani-Livingstone, about 50 to 60 volunteers will be needed to help stage the races and provide educational opportunities throughout the event.
"It's a real amazing experience to work with Special Olympics athletes and support them in action. Volunteering is a really fun opportunity and we'd love for people to get involved," said Grittani-Livingstone.
She added there are few requirements necessary for those interested in helping out.
"Generally there's going to be a wide range of needs…it'll be an interesting opportunity for pretty much everybody."
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From: | email@example.com |
Yeah you're of course right.... I'm trying both the alcian blue (and the toluidine blue) so I had a little dyslexia. I raised the alcian blue conc. up to 5g/100ml but it still doesn't penetrate, (it didn't infact disolve the emulsion) but it still didn't stain so I did Toludine blue. And I guess I'll just have to start over and try what you suggested the Alcian/PAS after hybridization and before the emulsion. thanks so much, Nancy _______________________________________________ Histonet mailing list email@example.com http://lists.utsouthwestern.edu/mailman/listinfo/histonet