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PARTMAR CORPORATION ET AL. v. PARAMOUNT PICTURES THEATRES CORP. ET AL.
No. 17.
Argued October 13, 1953.
Decided February 8, 1954.
Paramount leased a theatre and granted a franchise to Partmar to exhibit first-run films of Paramount pictures, both for terms of ten years. The lease provided that it was terminable at Paramount's option if the franchise agreement "be cancelled or terminated for any reason whatsoever." In an antitrust suit by the Government against Paramount and others, a Federal District Court held that such franchise agreements were the product of an illegal conspiracy and enjoined their enforcement. Paramount then notified Partmar that it was terminating the franchise agreement because of the injunction and that it was terminating the lease because of termination of the franchise agreement. Partmar refused to vacate the theatre, and Paramount sued in a Federal District Court to obtain possession and for a declaratory judgment that the lease had been properly terminated. Partmar answered, setting up various defenses, and filed counterclaims seeking treble damages resulting from a conspiracy respecting the franchise agreement in violation of the Sherman Act. Paramount's suit and the counterclaims were separated for trial. After this Court had overruled the District Court's finding that such franchise agreements violated the Sherman Act, the eviction suit was tried and the District Court found no substantial evidence of a conspiracy respecting the franchise agreement and entered judgment for Partmar; but it also dismissed Partmar's treble-damage counterclaims, with prejudice and without trial. Partmar took no appeal from the District Court's judgment in the eviction suit; but it appealed from the judgment dismissing the treble-damage counterclaims. Held: Collateral estoppel bars further litigation by the parties of the issue of conspiracy in violation of the Sherman Act, and the judgment dismissing the counterclaims with prejudice is sustained. Pp. 90-103.
In a suit by respondents to declare a lease properly terminated and to regain possession of a theatre, the District Court decided that issue in favor of petitioners but dismissed petitioners' counterclaims for treble damages under the antitrust laws. 97 F. Supp. 552. The Court of Appeals affirmed. 200 F.2d 561. This Court granted certiorari. 345 U.S. 963 . Affirmed, p. 103.
Russell Hardy argued the cause for petitioners. With him on the brief were Henry Schaefer, Jr. and James Wallace Kemp.
Jackson W. Chance argued the cause for respondents. With him on the brief was Rodney K. Potter.
MR. JUSTICE REED delivered the opinion of the Court.
This case presents a matter of federal practice involving inconsistent positions by litigants in court proceedings. We have often held that under the doctrine of res judicata a judgment entered in an action conclusively [347 U.S. 89, 91] settles that action as to all matters that were or might have been litigated or adjudged therein. 1 But a prior judgment between the parties has been held to operate as an estoppel in a suit on a cause of action different from that forming the basis for the original suit "only as to those matters in issue or points controverted, upon the determination of which the finding or verdict was rendered." 2 This latter aspect of res judicata is the doctrine of collateral estoppel by judgment, established as a procedure for carrying out the public policy of avoiding repetitious litigation.
Petitioners entered counterclaims in a suit against them by respondent. These counterclaims were dismissed by the trial court upon determination of the original suit for petitioners and against respondents. The cause of action stated in petitioners' counterclaims is based upon a controverted personal right that had not been adjudged and therefore res judicata is no bar to the claimed right of recovery. Respondent, however, in its original suit had raised an issue, determinative of its cause of action, which had been therein successfully controverted by petitioners to final judgment on the merits. Collateral estoppel stands as a bar to further litigation by the parties of this issue, and this issue was held by the trial court to be determinative of petitioners' counterclaims. Petitioners' argument that the dismissal denied a hearing of issues that might have been but were not determined by the judgment on the merits of the original action [347 U.S. 89, 92] moved us to grant certiorari, limited to the issue of the counterclaims. 345 U.S. 963 .
Although federal jurisdiction was sought only on the ground of diversity, the complaint relied upon a breach of the Sherman Act, and the counterclaims were similarly bottomed on that federal law. Therefore our conclusion is reached on a consideration of federal law and procedure. It will depend upon whether or not any issue of fact or law remained for decision after the primary action was decided. 3 The issue reaches us under the following circumstances.
Paramount Pictures Theatres Corp., a subsidiary of Paramount Productions, Inc., and successor to Paramount Pictures, Inc., is a New York corporation engaged in the business of operating motion picture theatres throughout the United States. These three corporations will hereinafter be referred to jointly as "Paramount." On August 31, 1939, Paramount leased the Paramount Downtown Theatre in Los Angeles, California, for ten years to Partmar Corp., a California corporation, petitioner here, wholly owned by Fanchon & Marco, Inc. This lease was subsequently amended in 1942 and extended to March 18, 1952. A "film franchise agreement" was executed in conjunction with, and for the same period as, the lease. It licensed Partmar to exhibit Paramount pictures at the theatre as first "runs" of the films, required Partmar to exhibit such pictures not less than forty-six weeks each year, and set a scale of license fees. The lease expressly provided that it was terminable at the option of Paramount if the franchise agreement "be cancelled or terminated for any reason whatsoever." Other provisions of the lease and agreement are not germane to the issue before this Court. [347 U.S. 89, 93]
On December 31, 1946, a decree was entered in the District Court for the Southern District of New York in an equity action brought by the United States against Paramount and other major companies of the motion picture industry alleging a conspiracy to violate the Sherman Act, 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C. 1-2. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 70 F. Supp. 53. One provision of that decree defined a "franchise" to be a licensing agreement "in effect for more than one motion picture season and covering the exhibition of pictures released by one distributor during the entire period of agreement" and enjoined each of the defendants in that action "from further performing any existing franchise to which it is a party and from making any franchises in the future." Id., at 73, Decree, II, 5.
On March 26, 1947, Paramount notified Partmar that it was cancelling and terminating the franchise agreement because of the injunction, and on April 2, 1947, notified Partmar that it was terminating the lease by reason of the termination of the franchise agreement. Partmar refused to vacate the theatre upon demand, and Paramount instituted this action on May 1, 1947, in the District Court for the Southern District of California, alleging diversity and unlawful detainer of the theatre. The complaint sought, so far as is material here, restitution of possession based on illegality of the franchise under the Sherman Act as construed in the decree in the Southern District of New York, supra, and a declaratory judgment that the lease had been properly terminated.
Partmar and Fanchon & Marco, Inc., answered setting up various defenses and filed three counterclaims seeking treble damages under 38 Stat. 731, 15 U.S.C. 15, resulting from a conspiracy between Paramount and other motion picture companies in violation of the Sherman Act. The conspiracy was alleged to have resulted in the [347 U.S. 89, 94] imposition of excessive terms and conditions on Partmar by the lease and franchise agreement. 4
By order dated April 26, 1948, the District Court, upon Paramount's motion, ordered Paramount's causes of action [347 U.S. 89, 95] for unlawful detainer and declaratory judgment tried separately from Partmar's counterclaims. Prior to trial on May 3, 1948, we handed down our decision on Paramount's and the other defendants' appeals from the decree of the Southern District of New York. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 . We held inter alia that "we cannot say on this record that franchises are illegal per se when extended to any theatre or circuit no matter how small" and set aside the District Court's findings relative to such franchises. Id., at 156. Relying on that decision Partmar and Fanchon & Marco, Inc., moved in the Southern District of California for dismissal of Paramount's action against them. Their motion was denied and the case went to trial without amendment of the pleadings in November 1950, on two issues: whether Paramount was justified in terminating the franchise agreement because of the decree in the New York Paramount case, supra; whether the lease and contract were illegal contracts under the federal antitrust statutes justifying repossession of the theatre by Paramount under California law. See, e. g., Glos v. McBride, 47 Cal. App. 688, 191 P. 67. Thus issue was joined as to the legality of the actions of Paramount and its alleged co-conspirators relative to the lease and franchise agreement, wholly apart from the New York injunction, and Paramount was in the anomalous position of attempting to prove that its agreements with Partmar violated the antitrust laws. Paramount did not limit its contention of illegality of the agreement to nonconspiratorial aspects of the antitrust laws, but argued that if the agreements were illegal in any way it had the right to possession. That Partmar recognized this position is clearly shown by its statement in its brief to the trial court that "after the reversal of that judgment [in the New York case], the plaintiff [Paramount] took the position that the question presented was whether the franchise was violative of the [347 U.S. 89, 96] Sherman Act, wholly apart from any judgment or the decisions of the District and Supreme Courts." Partmar vigorously contended in brief and in argument that the lease of the theatre and the franchise for "first-run" exhibitions did not in any way violate the Sherman Act. It clearly recognized that one way the franchise might be illegal would be if it were the result of a conspiracy, for it argued in its brief that:
After eighteen days of trial the District Judge on May 2, 1951, filed a memorandum opinion, 97 F. Supp. 552, in which he concluded that the termination "for any reason" clause in the lease meant for any "legal or substantial reason," and that the 1946 decree of the Southern District of New York "was not a legal cause or reason for terminating [347 U.S. 89, 97] the franchise agreement." He continued, "there is no evidence to indicate that any third party conspired with either Paramount or Partmar to bring into existence the franchise agreement," that "a single contract between one film company and one exhibitor is not violative of the Sherman Act," and that, since the franchise agreement was "not in itself an illegal agreement," Paramount "had no right to cancel or terminate it because of illegality." The court went on to hold that "as we find no substantial evidence of a conspiracy in this case on the part of Partmar or Paramount, we are of the opinion that the counterclaimant cannot recover" on the counts seeking treble damages on the basis of an alleged conspiracy. The opinion directed Partmar to submit proposed findings of fact; both parties submitted such findings and proposed conclusions; and a hearing, upon notice, was held on June 18, 1951. Paramount thereupon submitted Finding No. 20 and conclusion No. 11, infra, thus formalizing its contention that the judgment denying plaintiff's petition estopped defendant from recovering on its counterclaims for violation of the Sherman Act. At this hearing Partmar appeared and expressly objected to the adoption of the proposed finding and conclusion which required the dismissal of its treble-damage counterclaims. Argument was heard on Partmar's objection, but the court adhered to its position and adopted among its findings No. 20 which provides:
Partmar, apparently not wishing to jeopardize its valuable lease and franchise, took no appeal from parts of [347 U.S. 89, 99] the District Court's judgment declaring the lease and franchise to be valid and subsisting and the theatre not to be unlawfully detained. 6 Therefore those parts of the judgment must be accepted as valid and binding on the parties. Partmar did, however, serve timely notice of appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from so much of the District Court judgment as dismissed with prejudice the treble-damage counterclaims. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in a per [347 U.S. 89, 100] curiam opinion on December 16, 1952, 200 F.2d 561, noted agreement with the opinion of the District Court and affirmed the District Court judgment. As heretofore indicated, our consideration is "limited to the issue of the counterclaims."
Partmar contends that the District Court erred in dismissing its counterclaims with prejudice without a separate trial as to their merits, which the trial court had previously ordered, and that such dismissal deprived it of due process of law. In particular, it argues that it was denied the valuable property right of having admitted in evidence during a trial the judgment in the case of United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 , which, it argues, would provide, under 5 of the Clayton Act, 38 Stat. 731, 15 U.S.C. 16, prima facie evidence of the conspiracy on which the counterclaims were based. We think these contentions are without merit. The power remained in the trial court until the entry of his final judgment to set aside, for appropriate reasons, the former order for separate trial of the counterclaims.
Each of Partmar's counterclaims for treble damages was predicated upon allegations that Paramount and its alleged co-conspirators engaged in a conspiracy in restraint of trade and commerce, and that the allegedly "excessive terms, conditions and charges for the photoplays made and released by them" and the exaction of fifty percent of the net receipts, imposed by the lease and franchise agreement, were part of such conspiracy. The District Court found in the principal action, which decision was not appealed and is not before us, that neither the lease nor the franchise was the result "of any agreement, combination or conspiracy of any kind whatsoever." Of course, if this finding were not material to the principal action, the doctrine of collateral estoppel would not apply. But this finding was obviously [347 U.S. 89, 101] necessary to the court's judgment that the agreements were not illegal. Partmar had ample opportunity upon trial to present evidence and to contest the conspiracy finding, and argument was heard prior to adoption of the findings. This finding, binding all of the parties, determined the key ingredient of Partmar's counterclaims contrary to its allegations and thus precluded recovery upon such claims. A separate trial on the counterclaims would have been improper procedure, as the judgment entered on the complaint was a final disposition of the determinative issue on the counterclaims - whether or not the terms of the lease were a product of an illegal conspiracy. 7
The allegations of the counterclaims charge that as a result of "the same conspiracy stated in the complaint" in United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 , Partmar was damaged in the terms of its lease from Paramount. Yet this very lease was sustained by the judgment in this case on the ground that it was not violative of the Sherman Act. Partmar moved to dismiss the complaint in this case after this Court's decision in the Paramount Pictures case on the ground that it "had become moot by the demonstrated nonexistence of the basic fact," i. e., the illegality of the lease. In its brief in the trial court, petitioner stated its position clearly:
[For dissenting opinion of MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN, joined by MR. JUSTICE BLACK, see p. 104.]
[ Footnote 2 ] Cromwell v. County of Sac, supra, at 353; United States v. Moser, 266 U.S. 236, 241 ; Treinies v. Sunshine Mining Co., 308 U.S. 66, 74 ; Commissioner v. Sunnen, 333 U.S. 591, 597 -601. Cf. Federal Trade Commission v. Cement Institute, 333 U.S. 683, 706 , where the rule is recognized but its application denied because the issues differed.
[ Footnote 3 ] See Scott, Collateral Estoppel by Judgment, 56 Harv. L. Rev. 1; Note, Collateral Estoppel by Judgment, 52 Col. L. Rev. 647.
[ Footnote 4 ] Petitioner's first counterclaim alleged: "27. Paramount Pictures Theatres Corporation, Paramount Pictures, Inc., Paramount Film Distributing Corporation, . . . and the defendants in United States of America v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., et al., Equity No. 87-273, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and other persons to the defendants unknown, were, at the time of the acts and transactions stated in the complaint herein, and they now are, engaged in a conspiracy in restraint of trade and commerce among the States, in the distribution and exhibition of motion pictures, in violation of the Act of July 2, 1890, that is to say, the same conspiracy stated in the complaint in that case. . . . . . "32. This action has been brought by the plaintiff in pursuance of the aforesaid conspiracy, arrangements and agreements, and to evade and defeat the purpose to end the aforesaid conspiracy and restraint of trade for which United States of America v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., et al., Equity No. 87-273, was instituted. "33. As part of the aforesaid conspiracy, the plaintiff and the third-party defendants arranged and agreed among themselves, to require Partmar Corporation to license for exhibition at the Paramount Theatre for 46 weeks of each year, only photoplays made and released by Paramount Pictures, Inc., and, for any failure upon the part of Partmar Corporation to obey that requirement, to evict it from Paramount Theatre. The plaintiff, and the third-party defendants have been able to impose, and they have in fact imposed, upon Partmar Corporation, excessive terms, conditions and charges for the photoplays made and released by them and exhibited at the Paramount Theatre, from March 2, 1933, to the present time." In the second counterclaim, the third-party plaintiffs (petitioners) reiterated their allegations of conspiracy and based their claim for damages on an addition to the lease that required Partmar "to pay an additional sum; that is to say, fifty per cent of the net receipts of Partmar Corporation at the Paramount Theatre." The other counterclaim is not in the record but the briefs indicate that it contained substantially the same allegation as numbers one and two.
[ Footnote 5 ] Partmar had brought in other parties as third-party defendants under Fed. Rules Civ. Proc. 14. Their presence is not important in this phase of the controversy.
[ Footnote 6 ] While Partmar did not appeal, it might have. The finding and conclusion of law just quoted were essential to the determination of Paramount's claim for possession of the theatre. Paramount's position after the Court's reversal of the franchise portion of the New York decree, was that the agreements were invalid under the federal antitrust statutes as the product of an illegal conspiracy. It is only when a finding of law or fact is not necessary for a decree that the prevailing party may not appeal and the finding does not form the basis for collateral estoppel. This is shown by the case cited to support the statement as to appeal in Lindheimer v. Illinois Bell Telephone Co., 292 U.S. 151, 176 . See New York Telephone Co. v. Maltbie, 291 U.S. 645 , and cases cited. Electrical Fittings Corp. v. Thomas & Betts Co., 307 U.S. 241 , stated the practice negatively. "A party may not appeal . . . findings . . . not necessary to support the decree." Professor Scott, note 3, supra, at 12, concurs in this view. Restatement, Judgments, 68 reads: "(1) Where a question of fact essential to the judgment is actually litigated and determined by a valid and final judgment, the determination is conclusive between the parties in a subsequent action on a different cause of action, except as stated in 69, 71 and 72." Section 69 (2) ["Where a party to a judgment cannot obtain the decision of an appellate court because the matter determined against him is immaterial or moot, the judgment is not conclusive against him in a subsequent action on a different cause of action."] is immaterial because the conspiracy determination was essential for Partmar's defense to Paramount's claim. See Galloway v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 106 F.2d 466. The paucity of cases in this field is explainable by the infrequent happening of a need of a prevailing party to set aside a determination necessary to a judgment in his favor.
[ Footnote 7 ] Southern Pacific R. Co. v. United States, 168 U.S. 1, 48 -49: "The general principle announced in numerous cases is that a right, question or fact distinctly put in issue and directly determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, as a ground of recovery, cannot be disputed in a subsequent suit between the same parties or their privies; and even if the second suit is for a different cause of action, the right, question or fact once so determined must, as between the same parties or their privies, be taken as conclusively established, so long as the judgment in the first suit remains unmodified."
[ Footnote 8 ] Emich Motors Corp. v. General Motors Corp., 340 U.S. 558, 568 -569: "We think that Congress intended to confer, subject only to a defendant's enjoyment of its day in court against a new party, as large an advantage as the estoppel doctrine would afford had the Government brought suit. "The evidentiary use which may be made under 5 of the prior conviction of respondents is thus to be determined by reference to the general doctrine of estoppel. . . . Accordingly, we think plaintiffs are entitled to introduce the prior judgment to establish prima facie all matters of fact and law necessarily decided by the conviction and the verdict on which it was based." See Theatre Enterprises v. Paramount Corp., 346 U.S. 537 ; Monticello Tobacco Co., Inc. v. American Tobacco Co., 197 F.2d 629.
[ Footnote 9 ] United States v. Moser, 266 U.S. 236, 242 : "The contention of the Government seems to be that the doctrine of res judicata does not apply to questions of law; and, in a sense, that is true. It does not apply to unmixed questions of law. Where, for example, a court in deciding a case has enunciated a rule of law, the parties in a subsequent action upon a different demand are not estopped from insisting that the law is otherwise, merely because the parties are the same in both cases. But a fact, question or right distinctly adjudged in the original action cannot be disputed in a subsequent action, even though the determination was reached upon an erroneous view or by an erroneous application of the law." Emich Motors Corp. v. General Motors Corp., 340 U.S. 558, 569 ; Cf. United States v. Stone & Downer Co., 274 U.S. 225, 230 . [347 U.S. 89, 104]
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN, whom MR. JUSTICE BLACK joins, dissenting.
I cannot join in the Court's decision. Relying on the doctrine of collateral estoppel, it affirms the trial judge's dismissal of petitioner's treble-damage counterclaims without a trial. The doctrine, I believe, is inapplicable to the facts of this case.
The Court correctly states the well-settled rule that a prior judgment on a different cause of action is not conclusive as to questions which might have been but were not actually litigated in the original action. 1 The inquiry, therefore, must be whether the conspiracy issue was actually litigated in the eviction suit; if it was not so litigated, the District Court's finding as to the absence of evidence of conspiracy cannot preclude petitioner on its counter-claims. The Court rests its decision on the assumptions (1) that the conspiracy issue was litigated in the eviction suit and (2) that in any event petitioner had a full opportunity to litigate the issue. Neither assumption, it seems to me, is warranted by the facts. To those facts I now turn.
The respondent, Paramount, sought to take advantage of its own violation of the federal antitrust laws by bringing an eviction suit to cancel a valuable lease held by its tenant, the petitioner, on a Los Angeles theatre. The lease provided that it was terminable if, "for any reason whatsoever," petitioner's franchise for the showing of Paramount's pictures should be "cancelled or terminated." [347 U.S. 89, 105] Paramount, in its complaint charging unlawful detainer, did not allege in any respect that the franchise was invalid because part of a conspiracy; rather, the crux of the complaint was that the franchise had been terminated by the District Court decree in the Government antitrust action against Paramount and others. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 66 F. Supp. 323, 70 F. Supp. 53. After the eviction complaint had been filed, the decree in the Government action was reviewed here; the Court sustained the decree as to the existence of a nationwide conspiracy among the defendants, but reversed that portion of the decree which held that franchises were illegal per se. 334 U.S. 131, 155 -156. Petitioner moved to dismiss, contending that the basis of the eviction complaint had been swept away by this Court's decision. In opposing the motion to dismiss, Paramount made an about-face and urged the illegality of the franchise on other grounds: its minimum price requirements, block booking, and restrictions on runs and clearances. Paramount alleged that these provisions of the franchise agreement, apart from any conspiracy and independent of the decree in the Government action, rendered the agreement an illegal "contract . . . in restraint of trade" under the Sherman Act. This new theory of the case was accepted by the trial court without any change in the pleadings, and the motion was denied.
In its answer, petitioner set up as a defense that Paramount was seeking to evict petitioner in pursuance of the conspiracy enjoined in United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., supra, and that the effect of an eviction would be to drive petitioner out of business and thus enable Paramount to extend an unlawful monopoly over motion picture theatres. On Paramount's motion, the defense was stricken as an improper collateral attack on the right of the lessor to recover possession of the theatre. [347 U.S. 89, 106]
The answer also contained petitioner's counterclaims, alleging that Paramount and others named as cross-defendants had engaged in the conspiracy enjoined in United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., supra, and that by reason of this market control Paramount had been able to exact from petitioner monopoly profits in the form of overcharges for theatre and film rentals. Treble damages and injunctive relief were sought. On Paramount's motion to dismiss the counterclaims, they were sustained as valid actions under the antitrust laws. 2
Both actions - the eviction suit and the counterclaims - were then ready for trial. Paramount moved that the two actions be tried separately. Petitioner consented and the court so ordered, the eviction suit to be tried first.
Throughout the lengthy trial of the eviction suit, the trial judge repeatedly complained of the total absence of any evidence showing that the franchise was part of a conspiracy. His complaint went unheeded. Paramount, which had the burden of proof in the eviction suit, not only failed to introduce such evidence but never even alleged such a conspiracy. Petitioner, on the other hand, never denied the existence of the conspiracy, but argued that the franchise in itself was not invalid. 3 And both [347 U.S. 89, 107] times that petitioner sought to inject the conspiracy issue into the case, it was prevented from doing so. As I have already noted, petitioner's answer alleged that the eviction suit was brought in pursuance of the conspiracy; on Paramount's motion, the defense was stricken. Later when Paramount offered into evidence the decree in the Government action for the limited purpose of showing Paramount as being subject to the injunctive features of the decree, petitioner objected on the ground that the decree "should go in as a document in toto - no part of it but the whole thing." In support of the objection, petitioner argued that 5 of the Clayton Act 4 made the decree prima facie evidence of the conspiracy established in the Government action. Again petitioner was overruled.
At the conclusion of the eviction trial, the court gave judgment for petitioner because of Paramount's failure to show the illegality of the franchise by evidence of conspiracy. As to the counterclaims, the court stated: 5
I submit that on these facts the Court's two assumptions are unwarranted. The issue of conspiracy was not litigated; nor did petitioner have a fair opportunity to litigate the issue. Indeed, whether petitioner had an opportunity to do so is immaterial under the doctrine of collateral estoppel. If the counterclaims had been based on the same cause of action as the eviction suit, such an opportunity might have barred petitioner under the more sweeping doctrine of res judicata. But here, where the second suit is based on a different cause of action, a neglected opportunity in the first action to litigate an issue is without legal significance. 7
Under these circumstances, should the doctrine of collateral estoppel be invoked against petitioner to bar a trial on its counterclaims? I believe not. The doctrine presupposes, and the Constitution requires, that the party who is estopped had his day in court in a prior action and that he then had a fair hearing in which to prove his point but failed. Surely the doctrine was never intended to estop a party who in the prior action was denied such a hearing.
That, as I see it, is precisely the situation here. The eviction suit and counterclaims had been severed for trial purposes. During the trial of the eviction suit, Paramount was the only party with any reason or justification for proving that the franchise was part of a conspiracy. Because of Paramount's failure to present such proof, the court held the lease to be valid, but at the same time gave judgment against petitioner on its counterclaims because of the same shortcoming of Paramount's proof. This Court now affirms. The anomalous result is to penalize petitioner for refusing to help Paramount win the eviction suit. [347 U.S. 89, 109]
I believe that petitioner has been denied its day in court, and that the case should be reversed with instructions to the trial court to hear the counterclaims. 8
[ Footnote 1 ] Cromwell v. County of Sac, 94 U.S. 351, 353 . See also Restatement, Judgments, 68; Scott, Collateral Estoppel by Judgment, 56 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 2-3, 5-6; Note, Collateral Estoppel, 52 Col. L. Rev. 647, 652-657; Developments in the Law, Res Judicata, 65 Harv. L. Rev. 818, 840-841; Von Moschzisker, Res Judicata, 38 Yale L. J. 299, 311-312; Cleary, Res Judicata Reexamined, 57 Yale L. J. 339, 342-343; Freeman, Judgments (5th ed.), 674-676.
[ Footnote 2 ] 38 Stat. 731, 15 U.S.C. 15.
[ Footnote 3 ] The Court's opinion, apparently for the purpose of showing that the conspiracy issue was actually litigated, points to statements in petitioner's trial brief to the effect that Paramount had failed to establish a conspiracy in restraint of interstate commerce. It is difficult to understand how petitioner's argument at the trial that the conspiracy issue was not litigated can now be converted into proof that the issue was litigated. Petitioner's statements in its brief amounted to nothing more than a wholly justifiable contention that Paramount had failed in its burden of proof in the eviction suit; the statements merely pointed out that the franchise was valid in the absence of evidence of conspiracy and that Paramount had not even alleged a conspiracy - by pleadings, evidence, or oral argument.
[ Footnote 4 ] 38 Stat. 731, 15 U.S.C. 16.
[ Footnote 5 ] 97 F. Supp. 552, 561.
[ Footnote 6 ] Ibid.
[ Footnote 7 ] See note 1, supra.
[ Footnote 8 ] There is yet an additional reason for not applying the doctrine of collateral estoppel here. Petitioner, as the successful party in the eviction suit, could not appeal the District Court's finding that there was no evidence of conspiracy. Lindheimer v. Illinois Bell Telephone Co., 292 U.S. 151, 176 ; New York Telephone Co. v. Maltbie, 291 U.S. 645 . The adverse finding was not included in the Court's decree, as in Electrical Fittings Corp. v. Thomas & Betts Co., 307 U.S. 241 . Because of this inability to appeal, the finding cannot bind petitioner in a subsequent action between the parties based upon a different cause of action. See Restatement, Judgments, 69 (2); Scott, Collateral Estoppel by Judgment, 56 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 15-18. The Court's opinion (footnote 6) concedes that inability to appeal precludes a subsequent application of collateral estoppel, but contends that petitioner could have appealed here because the trial court's finding in the eviction suit (as to the absence of proof of conspiracy) was material to the decree in the eviction suit. The Court's opinion cites no case, in this Court or any other, holding that a successful party can appeal findings which are not inserted as part of the decree. Indeed, the opinion overlooks the very holdings of this Court on which it relies for support. In both Lindheimer v. Illinois Bell Telephone Co., supra, and New York Telephone Co. v. Maltbie, supra, the findings which the public utility sought to appeal related to the value of its property for rate-making purposes; in each case, the trial court had held that the rates fixed by a state commission were confiscatory on the basis of those findings. Yet this Court held that the public utility, as the successful party, could not appeal those findings. Surely in this case the trial judge's finding as to conspiracy was no more "material" than the findings which this Court refused to review in Lindheimer and Maltbie. [347 U.S. 89, 110]


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NCGenwebTM Page
These pages include reunions in many areas of western NC and northeast TN. New notices are welcome. Send your notice to Dee. Please indicate place, time, date, meal plans such as covered dish or catered, and contact information. Please also indicate if the reunion is held regularly at a certain time each year.
return to the Madison County Genweb home page
Surnames and places beginning with S through Z
Click on the surname or place above to go directly the reunion info about that surname or place
Surnames and Places Beginning With
Swain County's
North Shore Cemetery Association
Fontana North Shore Historical Association
Schedule for Homecoming and Decoration
Sams Family Reunions
Sams Family Reunion
Flag Pond, Tennessee
Sunday of Memorial Day Weekend
(This year May 26, 2013)
Held at the Old Sams Homeplace
on Old US 23 just south of Flag Pond
Covered dish lunch at noon
Bring family history info and pictures to share
Will include a visit to the family cemetery
for directions and/or more info, contact Jacqui Justice
Grapevine Baptist Church Fellowship Hall
3507 Grapevine Road, Marshall, NC.
(Follow Highway 213 east from Marshall or west from Mars Hill to Petersburg,
turn north onto Petersburg Rd, follow the signs to the church)
Third Saturday in October
this year
October 19, 2013
Gather around 10 AM
Covered dish dinner at Noon
All folks who have interest in or are descendants of the pioneer Sams Family of WNC are invited to attend, and encouraged to bring family histories, pictures, etc. and join us for morning worship at Grapevine Baptist Church, and bring a covered dish to share for the mid-day meal.
The afternoon will be spent sharing family information, genealogy, family histories, pictures, etc.
For more information, contact
Betty Clark
Jacqui Justice
Everyone is welcome.
Setser Reunion
First Saturday in August
Saturday, August 3, 2013
Covered dish lunch 12:30 PM
Louisa Chapel Methodist Church Fellowship Hall
Franklin, NC
Siler Family to Gather for Annual Reunion Descendants of Weimar and Margaret Rafferty Siler
160th Siler Family Meeting
2013 Date to be announced
Macon Middle School, 1345 Wells Grove Rd., Franklin, NC. The covered dish lunch will begin at noon
business meeting following the meal. All family members and their guests are invited to attend. The first Siler Family Meeting was held in the Franklin area on January 1, 1853.
This reunion is believed to be one of the oldest continuing family reunions in the United States.
Silver Family Reunion
Bandana, Mitchell County, NC
George Silver, Jr. (1753 - 1839)
Revolutionary War Veteran
Fourth Weekend in July
Saturday, July 27, 2013
Bandana Community Center
Highway 80 (Sam Gourge Road)
Bandana, Mitchell County, North Carolina.
Business Meeting and Genealogical Reserach
For more details, click here
Covered dish lunch at 12:30 PM
Snacks and drinks will be provided
Contact Til Tillery
336 288 4663
Smiley Family Reunion
The Annual Smiley Family Reunion
The Descendants of Jesse Madison Smiley
is held the 2nd Sunday in July
This year the reunion will be held July 14, 2013
Cold Springs Baptist Church
Bryson City, NC.
for details contact
Elise Bryson
16th National Sosebee/Solesbee Reunion
2013 details to be announced
HOLIDAY INN LANIER CENTER 400 E. E. Butler Parkway Gainesville, GA 30501 Phone Number 1-800-782-8966
(Holiday Inn bought out Best Western
Best Western is where we had the previous reunions
Same address & phone number)
for more information, contact:
Iola S. Gramling
4749 Aaron Sosebee Rd.
Cumming, GA 30040
678 - 513 - 1647
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Andy and Carrie Sorrells Annual Family Reunion
Third Saturday in August.
This year: Saturday, August 17, 2013
Covered dish lunch - 1:00 PM
Coon Hunter's Club
Wide Horizon Road off Prentiss Bridge Road
Doris Cheek
Annie Sorrells Annual Family Reunion
First Sunday in October
This year: Sunday, October 6, 2013
Sprinkle Family Reunion
2013 details to follow
Franklin Jaycee Memorial Park
covered dish at noon
for information, contact
Janet Rowland
Stallcup Family Reunion
STALLCUP - STALCUP The Stalcop Gathering of the Descendants of WILLIAM (1786-1878) AND MARY HYATT STALCOP the First Stalcops into the Smokys
the home place of Charlie and Mary Stallcup they built in 1900. Saturday, July 13, 2013 (the Saturday before the second Sunday) Hughes Branch Road Bryson City, NC 4:00 PM (note new time) � Until . . . Directions Following Highway 74 take Exit 67 into Bryson City. Go through first traffic light. At second traffic light, turn left on Highway 19 West. Follow Highway 19 to Hughes Branch Road. Turn left on Hughes Branch Road. Watch for signs for Gathering contact: Larry Spencer Stallcup 1436 Lakeview Drive Virginia Beach, VA 23455 Phone 757- 464- 4974
Email: email@example.com www.StalcopFamily.com
Stamey Family Reunion
this year: October 19, 2013
Pleasant Hill Methodist Church
Hwy.19-23 Candler, N. C.
Anyone interested is invited to bring a covered dish and join in.
We will gather about 11 AM with covered dish lunch around Noon.
Lois Davis 828-298-3851
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Stamey Family Reunion in GA
Ellijay, Ga.
3rd Sunday in May
This year will be held May 19, 2013
Riverside Park on Highway 5 South
11 am to 4 pm.
For further information. Please contact
Lorraine Wilson
email: email@example.com
Starnes Family Reunion
Celebrating the 300th Anniversary of the Starnes family arrival in America
June 27, 28 and 29, 2013
at the Holiday Inn (3005 Linden Drive, Bristol VA)
1-276-466-4100 (ask for STA or Starnes Reunion)
for into, contact
Lee Starnes
more info
Charles Alvin and Susie Stines Family Reunion
June 22, 2013
Ramseur, NC
Fellowship Baptist
12:00 Noon Until ?
Everyone Welcome!!
Covered dish lunch -- come early & stay late!
Contact: Bruce T. DeBruhl
828-680-9677 e-mail
Directions from Asheville, N.C.:
Take I-40 east to Greensboro. Take US 220 south to Asheboro. Take US 64 east to Ramseur. As you are coming into Ramseur turn left on US 22 west. When you cross a bridge take the first right which is the entrance to the park. We will have signs up from Ramseur.
If you have any questions about Ramseur, N.C. contact: Alvin Bell
Ph# 336-798-3111 e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
Directions to Mars Hill for later use
Directions from Asheville, N.C.: Follow future I-26 West to Mars Hill Exit. (Exit # 11) --- Approximately 18 miles. Turn left onto NC 213 west. Follow NC 213 west -- approximately 2 miles -- turn left on Gabriels Creek Road and go approximately 2 miles -- turn left on Gabriels Creek Church Road.
Directions from Hwy. 25/70 Marshall, N.C. -- take Mars Hill exit -- turn left on NC 213 east to Mars Hill -- approximately 12 miles. Just before you reach Mars Hill City limits you will turn right on Gabriels Creek Road. Go approximately 2 miles -- turn left on Gabriels Creek Church Road
From Erwin, Tenn. take future I-26 east to Mars Hill -- exit # 11 -- approximately 25 miles. Turn left on NC 213 west and go approximately 2 miles to Gabriels Creek Road. Turn left onto Gabriels Creek Road and go approximately 2 miles -- turn left on Gabriels Creek Church Road.
Fines Creek, NC,
3rd Saturday in September
This year: September 21, 2013
take Fine's Creek Exit (Exit 15) on I-40 on the Gatlinburg side of Asheville, NC
Follow Fines Creek Road to Fines Creek School on the left
Covered dish lunch at 12 Noon
Bring pictures and family information to share
Trentham/Trantham Gatherings in TN
26th Annual Trentham Reunion
Gatlinburg, TN
2nd Saturday in August: August 10, 2013 at Holt Park
9 AM til ...
Covered dish lunch at Noon
Bring genealogy stuff and photos of your family members.
The older the photos the better.
You may wish to bring a lawn chair (seating is at picnic tables.)
There are rest rooms and small playground for the kids.
It's nice to go exploring along the river that runs by the pavilion.
Traveling from Pigeon Forge into Gatlinburg... the very first thing you see on your RIGHT as you enter Gatlinburg is Holt Park. There is then a curve to the RIGHT. Stay in the right lane. Slow down as you get in sight of the FIRST red light, because it's easy to miss the little street. A few car lengths before you get to the red light, on the RIGHT there is a small green sign up high on a tall post that says "Holt Park". You turn RIGHT there on the RIGHT side of that little sign. (This road turns on the left side of what used to be the old Trentham Hardware building. Not sure what is there now.) This is the first right turn you can make after you go past the by-pass and start into Gatlinburg. After you turn, the road immediately "disappears" below you. You go DOWN the hill and then SHARP RIGHT and follow road across a narrow bridge. The road dead ends at the pavilion where our reunion is held.
9th Annual Tweed Reunion Descendants of James and Rachel Neely Tweed Saturday, July 20, 2013 -- 11am - 3pm Noon: Covered Dish Luncheon Middle Laurel Church of God - Fellowship Hall Highway 212, Marshall, NC 28753 Church phone: 828-656-2909 For Information, Contact: Steve Tweed, 828-656-2369 (Marshall, NC) Mary Etta Sane, 423-638-8032 (Greeneville, TN) Diana Chesser, 423-929-7485 (Johnson City, TN) HOPE TO SEE YOU AND YOUR FAMILY THERE!
Wallace Reunion
Sunday, September 15, 2013
Covered dish lunch 1 PM
Donnie Wallace
477 Louisa Chapel Road
John and Pheriba (Talley) Watkins Descendants and Allied Families Reunion
3rd Sunday in October (October 20, 2013) At the Woodsmen of the World Facility In Dillard, GA A covered dish luncheon to be served at 12 noon. Paper good will be provided. For more information contact: Dot Watkins Chastain 1567 Gum Springs Ch Rd Jefferson, GA 30549 (770) 823-5998 Descendants lines are those of: Judson and Janie (Watkins) Carpenter (this line includes: Henry�s; Vinson�s; Greenwood�s; Talley�s) Judson and Ruthe (Watkins) Green (includes: Green�s as well as allied family, Brown�s) Henry and Isabelle (Watkins) Sanders (includes: Bryson�s; Ledford�s; ) Martin and Polly (Watkins) Ramey George and Rachel (Watkins) Ellenburg (Gilstrap) Jim and Rosetta (Watkins) Ramey Dolph and Elizabeth (Watkins) Picklesimer Ingram and Margaret (Watkins) Miller The men of John and Pheriba�s children Include descendants of: Bill Watkins & Martha Stines Ev Watkins & Mary Gibson John Lewis Watkins & Clarissa Green Mont Watkins & Malinda Ramey George Watkins & Etta Kell
Weaver Reunion
one of the oldest reunions in the WNC area
"The Tribe of Jacob",
the first child of John,
which now invites all the descendants of pioneers
John and Elizabeth Biffle Weaver of Weaverville.
Second Saturday in August
August 10, 2013
Weaver Haven
Ollie Weaver Road
For more info call Shelby Shields (828-691-6502).
It actually began in 1859 as a reunion of Jacob and Elizabeth Siler Weaver and their family, but was interrupted from 1866 until 1896 by deaths of family members and the Civil War and its consequences.
Montraville Weaver Descendants Reunion
Second Saturday in August,
Picnic - 12:45 PM
Blackberry Inn
Blackberry Road
Beech Community (Weaverville, NC)
Montraville Weaver was the youngest son of John Weaver. He gave the land for Weaverville and the money and land for Weaverville College (later name Weaver College.)
You are invited to join the group for dinner at the Weaverville Milling Company (1 Old Mill Lane, Weaverville, NC) on Saturday evening, August 9. Contact Jan Lawrence for details.
for more info contact:
Jan Lawrence
Gladwell, Glidwell, Henson, & Williamson Family Reunion
Second Sunday in July
This year: Sunday, July 7, 2013
Otto Fire Department
Otto, NC
Max Gladwell 828-524-5442
or Virginia Bryson 828-369-9969
The 21st Annual Reunion
of the
Descendants of Samuel N. Wykle 4th Sunday in August (August 25, 2013) at the home of Martin Wykle** Covered dish dinner @ 1:30 (no pork please) For more information contact Bill or Dee Wykle at: 828- 369- 9210 or firstname.lastname@example.com (please put Wykle Reunion in subject line)
This page was last updated June 24, 2013
copyright 2004- 2013 by Dee Gibson-Roles


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Loosely based on the author's own childhood in south Texas, this story collection is a moving whirlwind of humor and insight - brash, tender, and full of the unexpected.
©2003 Puffin; (P)2009 Audible, Inc.
"A decent performance"
Crazy Loco is one of the novels in the Hampton Brown "Edge A" reading curriculum. The book is appropriate for my hispanic lower-functioning teenaged readers. While it is not gripping literature, it is amusing and it did teach me more about my students' cultural backgrounds.
Joe Rodriguez does a fine job with the performance.
There are no listener reviews for this title yet.


text:
Match report: Bradford 3-1 Villa
Villa must reproduce their dramatic 1994 comeback against Tranmere Rovers if they are to reach the Capital One Cup final. Paul Lambert's young side became Bradford City's latest victims as the Bantams continued their cup adventure by establishing a two-goal advantage in the first leg of the semi-final. The Yorkshire outfit led at half-time through Nahki Wells and doubled their advantage through Rory McArdle in the 77th minute. And although Andreas Weimann reduced the deficit, the home side grabbed a third goal through Carl McHugh on 89 minutes. Despite the setback, though, Villa will not be totally despondent after creating enough chances to have won comfortably. The visitors were on top for long periods and, significantly, home keeper Matt Duke was voted man of the match. The game opened at a frantic pace and there could have been goals at either end during a blistering first 10 minutes. Wells twice went close for the home side, seeing one shot blocked and another saved by Shay Given, while skipper Gary Jones fired wide from the edge of the penalty area. But Villa looked dangerous every time they moved forward. Charles N'Zogbia had a fierce left-footer parried by Matt Duke, Christian Benteke headed over from Barry Bannan's corner and an N'Zogbia drive deflected for another flag kick. There was no let-up in the tempo, either. Benteke was narrowly wide with a header from another Bannan corner before N'Zogbia made a forceful run before unleashing a low shot which was well held by Duke. Then Fabian Delph's superb through ball sent Benteke racing through the left-hand channel, only for the striker to fire against Duke's legs as the keeper raced from his line. But in the 19th minute the home side grabbed the lead with an opportunist goal. Zavon Hines 25-yard drive took a deflection in a crowded penalty area and the ball ran loose to Wells, who sent an angled shot with the outside of his right boot beyond Given's reach and into the far corner. Villa responded with another strong N'Zogbia surge, followed by a low shot which was held by Duke - and the keeper did even better to tip Benteke's 22-yard drive away for a corner. Given came to Villa's rescue on 35 minutes, though, keeping out a Hines drive with his body whena second Bradford goal looked likely - and two minutes later Delph cleared off the line when James Hanson met Gary Jones' corner with a firm downward header. Even so, the visitors should have been level just before the interval, Gabby Agbonlahor's thundering drive being pushed away by Duke after N'Zogbia had set up the chance with a wriggling run along the byeline. Within a minute of the resumption, Duke raced out to save from Agbonlahor at the expense of a corner, and the keeper then produced a couple of reflex saves in quick succession. First he dived to push away Benteke's header from an inviting cross from Bannan, and that was quickly followed by an instinctive block to keep out Agbonlahor's left-foot volley. Benteke tried his luck with a right-foot volley when the ball reached him beyond the far post in the 62nd minute but his effort cleared the bar. And Darren Bent, who had replaced Agbonlahor, missed a glorious chance in the 67th minute, heading over an open goal after Duke had been unable N'Zogbia's stinging drive. The club's record signing was injured as he fell, needing treatment before he could continue. Bradford had hardly been in the game as an attacking force in the second half but in the 77th minute they doubled their advantage. Wells had just seen a drive deflected for a corner and when the Bantams maintained their momentum, McArdle met a Jones cross with a header which left Given helpless as it flew inside the near post. It could have become worse straight after when Hanson's header struck the bar. And although Weimann threw Villa a lifeline when he chased Benteke's flick-on to lift the ball over Duke, there was a sting in the tail when McHugh headed in an 89th-munte flag-kick from Jones. Bradford: Duke; Darby, McArdle, McHugh, Good; Hines (Turgott 66), Doyle, Jones, Atkinson; Hanson, Wells. Unused subs: McLaughlin, Ravenhill, Reid, Jones, Hannah, Connell. Villa: Given;Lowton, Clark, Baker, Bennett; Bannan, Delph; Weimann, N'Zogbia, Agbonlahor (Bent 57, Burke 85);Benteke. Unused subs: Guzan, Ireland, Stevens, Lichaj, Carruthers. Keywords
Adobe Flash Plug-in Needed This website requires a Adobe Flash plug-in. Please download the latest version of the Flash plug-in by clicking here Aston Villa v
19 Apr,
Countdown until kick-off
TicketsEverton tickets
on sale ShoppingPrepared
for Wembley |


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This full record display is using an old version of our collections database until it has been reconfigured to work with our new Collections Explorer.
In the meantime, if the record has been edited recently, the version you see here may contain out of date information. To be sure of finding the most up-to-date records please run the search again in Collections Explorer.
This is a temporary measure, in place only whilst the new system is being developed, and we apologise for any inconvenience. If you have any questions about the data in this record please contact the Documentation Office
Volcanic ash vessel | |
Click on image(s) for larger view | |
Title/s | Volcanic ash vessel |
Category | |
Name | |
Description | jug |
Production Notes | this flask was inspired by Palestinian forms |
Field Collection | Egypt |
Dimensions |
diameter 7.2
cm |
Period | |
Date | 3000 B.C. 2890 B.C. |
Provenance | bequeathed: Greg, Sir Robert 1954 (Filtered for: Antiquities) |
Material/s | |
Accession Number | E.111.1954 (Antiquities) |
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Fashion»Oversized Satchel Lookbook (Katie Holmes)
Katie Holmes Oversized Satchel
Katie certainly travels in style—just look at that luxurious leather carry-all.
Katie Holmes Ankle boots
Katie Holmes played up the urban cowgirl angle in these suede thick-heeled boots.
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ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM - ELECTROSTATICS - ELECTROSTATIC MACHINES | Order | ||||||
Van De Graaff Generator # 5A50.30 |
Description: Use to show sparks from the generator to the grounded sphere. Purchased/Built: purchased Setup Time: 5 min Quant. in Demo Room: 2 Source: Central Scientific
Home Manual Demo Suggestions NCSU Physics Demonstrations © 2010, North Carolina State University Department of Physics. The design of this site nor the contents may be copied without the express written permission of the NC State University Department of Physics. WebDemo North Carolina State University All Rights Reserved, 2011 |


text:
Inside of St. Peter's state-of-the-art operating rooms, doctors are helping patients return to active lives thanks to the ongoing advances being made each day in technology and medical procedures. At St. Peter's, the orthopedics practice offers routine procedures, as well as the most advanced. These include:
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Books & Music Career Computers Education Family Food & Wine Health & Fitness Hobbies & Crafts Home & Garden Money News & Politics Relationships Religion & Spirituality Sports Travel & Culture TV & Movies
Alzheimer´s Information about Alzheimer´s Disease, treatment options, and related information.
Alzheimer´s Association [offsite link] Alzheimer´s Disease Exercise your Mind Game Playing can Stave Off Alzheimer´s Disease Logic vs. Illogic Mind Games Not Only Changing Addresses Role Reversal Seniors Say The Darndest Things Links marked with the [offsite link] designation point to websites not associated with BellaOnline.com. BellaOnline.com is not responsible for the material found there.
Want to Suggest a Link? Think your link belongs here? Use the contact page to let this editor know. |
| About BellaOnline | Privacy Policy | Advertising | Become an Editor | Website copyright © 2015
Minerva WebWorks LLC. All rights reserved.


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Search our online radiator fan catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured Mercedes 380SE Radiator Fan parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following Mercedes 380SE years: 1985, 1984, 85, 84. This part is also sometimes called Mercedes 380SE Cooling System. We stock radiator fan parts for most Mercedes models including S430, E320, S500, ML320, CLK320, S600, C230, E300, E420, 300E, 300D, ML430, E430, 300SD, 190E, 420SEL, E350, C240, C300, 450SL, E55 AMG, SLK230, 560SEL, CL500, 560SL, 380SL, 300TE, SLK320, ML350, 300TD, CL55 AMG, 240D, 300SDL, C220, 300SE, CL600, S55 AMG, 500SEL, E550 and E500.
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From: | Mark Elliott <email@example.com> |
To: | email@example.com |
Reply-To: | |
Content-Type: | text/plain; charset=US-ASCII |
Good day to everyone. Does anyone have a method that works for staining IL-13 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (human lung) they would be willing to share. I have been given some of the antibody from Serotec (H-112) which I need to use. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks very much. Mark Elliott, PhD Research Associate UBC-Pulmonary Research Lab Room 292, St. Paul's Hospital 1081 Burrard St. Vancouver, BC Canada V6Z 1Y6 604-806-8351 (FAX)


text:
Dale, P. D. and Sherratt, J. A. and Maini, P. K. (1994) The speed of corneal epithelial wound healing. Applied Mathematics Letters, 7 (2). pp. 11-14.
| PDF 1752Kb |
We propose a reaction-diffusion model of the mechanisms involved in the healing of corneal surface wounds. The model focuses on the stimulus for increased mitotic and migratory activity, specifically the role of epidermal growth factor. We determine an analytic approximation for the speed of travelling wave solutions of the model and verify the result numerically. The predicted speed compares very well with experimentally measured healing rates.
Item Type: | Article |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Travelling waves; Epidermal growth factor; Reaction diffusion; Mitosis migration |
Subjects: | A - C > Biology and other natural sciences |
Research Groups: | Centre for Mathematical Biology |
ID Code: | 494 |
Deposited By: | Philip Maini |
Deposited On: | 12 Dec 2006 |
Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2009 14:21 |
Repository Staff Only: item control page


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The Water Diviner
Russell Crowe's directorial debut, a drama about a man trying to save three sons who disappeared at the battle of Galliipoli, wants to be a…
Russell Crowe's directorial debut, a drama about a man trying to save three sons who disappeared at the battle of Galliipoli, wants to be a…
Though it's hampered by rather bloodless lead performances, this story of an ageless woman and her two great loves finds its tone in its second…
"The Ballad of Narayama" is a Japanese film of great beauty and elegant artifice, telling a story of startling cruelty. What a space it opens…
Patrice Leconte's "Monsieur Hire" is a tragedy about loneliness and erotomania, told about two solitary people who have nothing else in common. It involves a…
A look at the gifted musicians scheduled to perform at Ebertfest 2015.
Meet the critics attending Ebertfest 2015.
An appreciation of Time Magazine writer Richard Corliss.
An FFC reviews "The Motel Life", which just played at Ebertfest.
An FFC reviews "The Motel Life", which just played at Ebertfest.
A review of Ramin Bahrani's Goodbye Solo from a far-flung correspondent.
A remembrance of Richard Corliss by Richard T. Jameson, who wrote for Film Comment under Corliss, then later was his editor.
Leonard Maltin writes about his visit to Ebertfest 2015.
Here's a movie that teeters on the edge of being really pretty good and loses its way. I'm not sure quite what goes wrong, but you can see that it might have gone right. Maybe Paul, its alien hero, should have been sent back to the shop for a rewrite. He isn't merely voiced by Seth Rogen, he is Seth Rogen, if Seth Rogen looked like your usual bulb-headed, big-eyed being from outer space.
The premise is lovable. Graeme and Clive (Simon Pegg and Nick Frost) play two overage fanboys from England who breathlessly embark on their dream trip to America. Their destination: Comic Con in San Diego, and then they plan to rent an RV and tour such American landmarks as Roswell, N.M., where (as we all know) a flying saucer landed years ago, and the event has been covered up ever since, becoming famous for allegedly being covered up.
The Comic Con scenes are priceless, as our lads vibrate with excitement in the presence of the legendary sci-fi author Adam Shadowchild, who Jeffrey Tambor invests with a dour impatience for the species of fanboys. I don't know where Tambor got the inspiration to wear that hat, but sometimes you see a prop, and your heart leaps up because it is so right.
After San Diego, the boys drive to Area 51 in Nevada, the first leg of their odyssey. Pegg and Frost bring a wide-eyed innocence and sweetness to their characters, for whom just about everything in America is more or less alien. That includes Paul, whose van crashes in front of them on the highway. If you are an alien and a bad driver, Graeme and Clive are the first two humans you want to meet. They've been inflamed for so long by images of creatures that look exactly like you, that they aren't particularly surprised when you appear. So you join them in their RV and enlist them in your trip toward a rendezvous with your mothership.
Along the way, they all meet Ruth Buggs (Kristen Wiig), an Intelligent Design advocate with a black lens in her glasses, who finds most of what they say shocking, but joins them in the RV for excellent reasons, even though the existence of an alien poses a considerable challenge to her creationism.
As you expect with a movie that begins at Comic Con, "Paul" revels in its geekdom. The movie is wall to wall with references to other sci-fi movies, some overt, some subtle, as we gradually catch on that this one little creature, Paul, must have been singlehandedly behind most of the close encounters of the last 70 years. The movie even supplies a new ending for one sci-fi classic, which brings it to a total of three.
But Paul himself may be a miscalculation. He is Seth Rogen in every aspect, except physical appearance. His voice, his vocabulary, his thinking, even his wardrobe (such as it is). And he uses even more four- and 10-letter words than Seth Rogen characters usually do. I think that's a mistake in two ways. (1) If you're going to involve Seth Rogen in a live-action movie, put him on the screen. (2) Paul isn't alien enough. The joy in characters like E.T. and Starman is that they are aliens. Their thinking is strange. Their reactions are unexpected. Paul is somehow too … ordinary.
So the movie's a miss, but not without its pleasures. One of them is the appearance of Sigourney Weaver, who knows a thing or two when it comes to aliens who are not ordinary.
This message came to me from a reader named Peter Svensland. He and a fr...
A review of Showtime's Happyish with Steve Coogan, Kathryn Hahn, and Bradley Whitford.
A piece on the restoration and new subtitles for Forbidden Games, one of Roger's Great Movies.
A remembrance of Richard Corliss by Richard T. Jameson, who wrote for Film Comment under Corliss, then later was his ...


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"Webb offers coherent, understandable, and sometimes humorous coverage of a diverse range of topics. He provides readers with non-trivial insights into research fields they may not have encountered previously . . . I think everyone who has ever considered the possibility that other intelligent civilizations exist elsewhere within our galaxy will enjoy Where Is Everybody? They will find much to agree with, and much to argue about, in this very accessible volume." - Science
"Where Is Everybody? is a delightful mental romp. With a light-hearted, enthusiastic tone, Webb offers lively coverage of UFOs, crop circles, and the books of Erich von Däniken, the infamous proponent of the idea that aliens visited the Earth in the distant past. Science-fiction fans will enjoy the frequent references to Star Trek, and science buffs will appreciate mention of the ideas of Carl Sagan, Fred Hoyle, Frank Drake, and Freeman Dyson. This book is a must-read for anyone who has ever pondered the question, "Are we alone?"
"There have been many attempts to resolve the Fermi paradox, and Stephen Webb.. presents his favorites in compelling detail… [he] writes informatively - even authoritatively… His writing is encyclopedic in scope, lucid, often poetic – and in the end is both enormously inspiring and a little sad if he is right, as I'm afraid he might be, in concluding that we are the only advanced civilization in the Galaxy. Readers are free to differ with Webb's conclusion, but they will be surprised to learn how convincing it is.
"I have read a number of good astronomy books this past year, but this is the one I regard as indispensable. If I were Robinson Crusoe – shipwrecked and lonely on an island in space — I would want this book with me."
MERCURY Magazine (published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific)
"Stephen Webb provides a fascinating a guide to the rousing scientific debate over the existence of extraterrestrial life in Where Is Everybody? Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life … . The reader of the book will get a very broad education in many basic fields of science, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, meteorology and even psychology. Webb is clear, entertaining and fair to every one of the 50 opinions, and even gives his own solutions in a concluding chapter." (Jeffrey Marsh, Washington Times, January, 2003)
"Physicist Stephen Webb examines 49 hypotheses and theories that attempt to solve the Fermi Paradox and offers his own explanation in this fascinating survey of the opinions of astronomers, physicists and philosophers. … Where is Everybody? is engrossing and thought-provoking, a science book that every fan of science fiction should read." (Mark Graham, Rocky Mountains News, December, 2002)
"Amidst the plethora of books that treat the possibility of extraterrestrial intelligence, this one by Webb … is outstanding. … Each solution is presented in a very logical, interesting, thorough manner with accompanying explanations and notes that the intelligent layperson can understand. Webb digs into the issues … by considering a very broad set of in-depth solutions that he addresses through an interesting and challenging mode of presentation that stretches the mind. … An excellent book for anyone who has ever asked 'Are we alone?'." (W. E. Howard III, Choice, March, 2003)
"'Where is everybody?' … The question encapsulates what is now known as the Fermi paradox. Webb, lecturer in physics at the Open University in England, presents 49 solutions that have been proposed for the paradox, grouping them according to whether they hold that intelligent extraterrestrials are here, exist but have not communicated, or do not exist. He makes a splendid and enlightening story of it, concluding with his own solution, the 50th: 'We are alone'." (Scientific American, June, 2003)
"In response to Enrico Fermi's famous 1950 question concerning the existence of advance civilizations elsewhere, physicist Webb critically examines 50 resolutions to explain the total absence of empirical evidence for probes, starships, and communications from extraterrestrials. … His comprehensive analysis covers topics ranging from the Drake equation and Dyson spheres to the panspermia hypothesis and anthropic arguments. … This richly informative and very engaging book is recommended for most academic and public library science collections." (H. James Birx, Library Journal, December, 2002)
"Here's a fascinating science book filled with ideas for SF writers. Physicist Webb examines the question about where are all the alien civilizations if life isn't confined to lonely little Earth. … There's an interesting, accessible discussion of Fermi's paradox and even the more technical 'explanations' are provided in understandable layman's terms. Very interesting and thought provoking." (Science Fiction Journal, May, 2003)
"The question posed by the title of this fascinating book is Fermi's Paradox. … nicely organized and laid out for the general reader. Fortunately, Webb's often witty comments make this an eminently readable book without sacrificing scientific rigor. You may agree or disagree with any of his particular solutions, but on the whole he presents each argument fairly. This is a terrific book for anybody with any interest in the extraterrestrial life question, and perhaps especially for those new to the field. Highly recommended." (Netsurfer Digest, June, 2003)
"In Where is Everybody? Stephen Webb … examines proposed solutions to this conundrum, known as the Fermi Paradox. … The proposed solutions … are well explained, and Webb skillfully argues their pros and cons with science. … Where is Everybody? is a delightful mental romp. With a light-hearted, enthusiastic tone, Webb offers lively coverage of UFOs, crop circles, and the books of Erich von Däniken … . This book is a must-read for anyone who has ever pondered the question, 'Are we alone?'" (Jennifer Birriel, Astronomy, April, 2003)
"'Where is everybody?' … . it became known as Fermi's Paradox. Now Stephen Webb … has suggested fifty reasonably sensible answers to the puzzle. … Where is everybody? is a classic book and one that you will be happy to refer to for decades to come. It is beautifully written, concise, thorough, interesting, and mentally stretching. This huge subject has been summarized with skill. And there are pages of notes and references encouraging you to read more and delve further." (David W. Hughes, The Observatory, Vol. 123 (1175), 2003)
"There have been many attempts to resolve the Fermi paradox, and Stephen Webb, the author of this remarkable book, presents his 50 favorites in compelling detail … . His writing is encyclopedic in scope, lucid, often poetic … enormously inspiring … . I have read a number of good astronomy books this past year; but this one is the one I regard as indispensable. If I were Robinson Crusoe – shipwrecked and lonely on an island in space – I would want this book with me." (William Sheehan, Mercury, January – February, 2003)
"Fifty ideas are presented … that reveal a clearly reasoned examination of what is known as 'The Fermi Paradox'. … For anyone who enjoys a good detective story, or using their thinking faculties and stretching the imagination to the limits … 'Where is everybody' will be enormously informative and entertaining. … Read this book, and whatever your views are about life elsewhere in the Universe, your appreciation for how special life is here on Earth will be enhanced! A worthy addition to any personal library." (Philip Bridle, BBC Radio, March, 2003)
"In his highly entertaining and thought-provoking book, Where is Everybody, Stephen Webb sets out a host of possible solutions to the so called Fermi paradox, famously posed by the nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi." (Markus Chown, New Scientist, April, 2003)
"Webb offers coherent, understandable, and sometimes humorous coverage of a diverse range of topics. He provides readers with non-trivial insights into research fields they may not have encountered previously … . The author cites an impressive collection of primary resource materials … . I think everyone who has ever considered the possibility that other intelligent civilizations exist elsewhere within our galaxy will enjoy Where Is Everybody?" (Jill Tarter, Science, Vol. 299, January, 2003)


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Rishab and Madhubala
3 Rishab and Madhubala Articles
Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon: RK or Sultan – Who is better husband material?
2 years ago 451It's a tough choice to make, but Madhu will eventually pick one of the two men - so who do you think it will be? Colors' Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon… Read Article ▶
Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon: Will Madhu choose Sultan over RK?
2 years ago 92We know she loves Rishab, but why then does she keep looking at Sultan like a love lost puppy? We feel Colors' Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon is… Read Article ▶
Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek Junoon: Will RK and Madhu have unprotected sex?
2 years ago 21A lot can happen over a cup of coffee. Imagine then, what all can happen after a glass of alcohol! In the upcoming episodes of Madhubala Ek Ishq Ek… Read Article ▶
More Rishab and Madhubala


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Roccat Kave 5.1 XTD Digital Headset Review
Introduction and Technical Specifications
Published: 25th July 2014 | Source: Roccat | Price: £133.49 |
It's been a long time since we've seen a new product from Roccat come across the desk here at OC3D. When they first appeared on the market they came out of the blocks with some tremendous products, and the relative lack of updates only emphasises how good they were to begin with. Whilst other companies are chucking out new models that fix the flaws, Roccat sit back knowing that they've already broken barriers. Indeed, the fact they are mentioned in the same breath as some very famous companies, and yet are so new, says all that you need to know.
If new Roccat products are rare, then surround headphones are even rarer. When PCs moved from their placement as a beige box running dBase IV to something designed around gamers, so the 'more is more' mantra took hold and audio quickly went from plastic stereo speakers to 2.1, 5.1 and eventually 7.1 offerings. The recent trend has been away from sheer number of speakers towards 2 excellent ones, witness the Microlab Solo series, and headphones have gone the same way too. We've lost count of the number of stereo headsets we've witnessed, with the large majority of them aimed at the middle ground between smart device suitability and desktop PC designs.
As you can imagine a new Roccat headset, and one that is a genuine surround design too, is akin to finding a pound note in your change (other rarity similes available upon request). Without further ado let's see what is on offer from this updated Kave headset, and if it continues our love of the original.
Technical Specifications
As is so often the case with headsets, the numbers aren't really the meat of the affair. Nearly every headset has 40mm drivers with 20-20 response. However, the Roccat Kave XTD is even further removed from the plain specifications thanks to an inbuilt soundcard, audio pass through and Bluetooth tethering. Picture time..
Driver Units
Frequency response: | 20~20.000Hz |
Max. SPL at 1kHz: | 115±3dB |
Max. input power: | 50mW |
Drive diameter front: | 40mm |
Drive diameter rear: | 40mm |
Frequency response: | 10~10.000Hz |
Sensitivity at 1kHz: | -32±2dB |
Directivity: | omni-directional |
Diameter: | 4x1.5mm |
Impedance: | 2.2 kOhm + 15% |
Connection: | USB |
Impedance: | 32 Ohm |
Cable length: | 3.6m |
Weight (Headset only): | 335gr |
Most Recent Comments
Today we're taking a look at a full 5.1 headset from Roccat, the Kave XTD. With an included soundcard and Bluetooth pairing, is it all things to all men?
See more on the Roccat Kave 5.1 XTD Digital Headset Review here
Also any '5.1 7.1' multi-driver headset is a no for me I'm afraid, I've tried plenty in my gaming days and I'm now back to stereo with simulated surround, and none of these types of headsets can touch it for accuracy i'm afraid.
So as a gamer. My point scoring would be rather different :P
Still, nice to see the review good job as always.
tut tut, forum link on the article isn't up to new standards.
Also any '5.1 7.1' multi-driver headset is a no for me I'm afraid, I've tried plenty in my gaming days and I'm now back to stereo with simulated surround, and none of these types of headsets can touch it for accuracy i'm afraid. So as a gamer. My point scoring would be rather different :P Still, nice to see the review good job as always. |


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Video:How to Flip a Spanish Tortilla
with Tony SierraAlso called Tortilla de Patata or Spanish Potato Omelet, this is one of the most popular Spanish tapas. However, a Spanish tortilla can be difficult to flip while cooking. Here are two simple ways to flip a Spanish tortilla.See Transcript
Transcript:How to Flip a Spanish Tortilla
My name is Tony Sierra, and today we're going to learn two ways to flip a tortilla espanola, Spanish Potato Omelet.First Method of Flipping Spanish Tortilla
After we have cooked the tortilla on one side for about 4 minutes, the egg has cooked around the sides, and the bottom is browned, it's time to flip the tortilla. One way of flipping the tortilla is by placing a dinner plate over the frying pan and flipping it over. Now, we just slide the tortilla back into the frying pan.Second Method of Flipping Spanish Tortilla
Another way of flipping the tortilla - and probably easier - is by sliding the tortilla onto a dinner plate, covering it with an identical plate and flipping it over. Now, we just slide the tortilla back into the frying pan. Now, we return to the stove and finish cooking the tortilla.Thank you for watching. For more information, visit us at food.about.com. Buen Provecho!
About videos are made available on an "as is" basis, subject to the User Agreement.


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Cancun mayor accused of smuggling migrants
Web Producer: Mary Coleman
CANCUN, Mexico (AP) - The former mayor of Cancun is being accused by prosecutors in Mexico of smuggling Cuban migrants.
According to organized crime prosecutor Patricia Bugarin, former Mayor Gregorio Sanchez faces migrant trafficking charges in addition to drug charges pending against him. Sanchez says he's innocent.
With judges being on vacation, prosecutors can't get an arrest warrant for Sanchez.
Bugarin said Wednesday Sanchez will be freed with a monitoring device on the condition he stay in Mexico City as the case proceeds. It's the first time prosecutors have used the device in Mexico.
While campaigning for governor of his state, Sanchez was arrested in May 2010. A judge previously dismissed drug and money laundering charges, but he was re-apprehended Saturday.


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Main Copy Center East Campus Copy Center
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We offer competitive pricing and accept Cash, Check and Flex!
Departments--use your org # for bi-monthly billing instead of eVA
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text: Product Name: Manufacturer : HONEYWELL Description : HONEYWELL [mk4225-301-voc] - >> SCANGLOVE KIT:SECUREFIT RS232 W/VOCOLLECT(NO RETURNS TO HSM) (ITEM ALSO KNOWN AS : HSM-MK4225-301-VOC) [mk4225-301-voc] [mk4225-301-voc] Condition : Brand New With Original Manufacturer Warranty. Description : MS4225 Scanner (ScanGlove Kit - SecureFit - RS232 with VOCOLLECT) Manufacturer : HONEYWELL Part Number : mk4225-301-voc See Also : Honeywell hsm-mk4225-301-voc and Honeywell mk4225-301-voc Category : Honeywell MS4225 Scanner - Barcode Scanner/Reader - Scanners / Input Devices - Handheld Scanner - Laser - Standard Range Featuring high resolution and optical density, the Metrologic IS4225 delivers outstanding scanning versatility as well as advanced high-speed data scanning, processing and transmission technologies. Incorporating patented activation technology, the IS4225 can be used as a "hands-free" wearable scanner or a stationary desktop scanner. It is lightweight and compact, fits comfortably and prevents operational fatigue. The breakaway cable safety feature allows operators to quickly break away from tethered host system should a hazard occur while scanning. |


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August 29, 2012
The bittersweet science of saying farewell
I have come to say farewell. You are probably saying, "He's only been blogging for five months, and he's quitting already. What gives?"
I am not quitting, I am leaving. My stay at the Edmonton Journal has come to an … Continue reading
How does Kyle Turris deserve more than Sam Gagner?
I know the Oilers and Sam Gagner were saying all the right things after they agreed on a one-year, $3.2 million deal a month or so ago. Both sides were happy to get it done and move on and think … Continue reading
Was it worth $20,000 to bring Bachelorette stars Ashley Hebert and J.P. Rosenbaum to Edmonton?
Travel Alberta and the Edmonton Economic Development Corp covered roughly $20,000 in expenses to bring in "Bachelorette" stars Ashley Hebert and J.P. Rosenbaum for a weekend in Edmonton.
The winsome couple reportedly took in the Edmonton Fringe Festival, the Art … Continue reading
Linus Omark off to Switzerland after failing to close the deal with the Edmonton Oilers
There was much to like about little Linus Omark's game, so much so that almost all major prognosticators saw him making a major breakthrough with the Oilers in 2011-12, earning a spot on the Oilers second line.
At the start … Continue reading
Nail Yakupov adds another potent skill set to Edmonton Oilers' expanding talent cluster
(Photo by Bruce Bennett/Getty Images)
Edmonton Oilers Prospects: #1 Nail Yakupov
* * *
You were expecting somebody else?
For the third year running, it's a dead easy task to identify the Edmonton Oilers' top prospect outside the NHL, because for the third year running … Continue reading


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It's possible to overcome the errors of our brains to make better choices, according to Francesca Gino, Harvard Business School professor and social psychology researcher. Among her suggestions: Take your "emotional temperature" to determine whether emotions are clouding your judgment, open up your view to include a wider range of information and question the social bonds that might be interfering with making the best possible decision.
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Tim Curry |
Mr. Giles French |
Caitlin Wachs |
Sigorney "Sissy" Patterson-Davis |
Gary Cole |
Bill Davis |
Sasha Pieterse |
Elizabeth 'Buffy' Patterson-Davis |
Luke Benward |
Jonathan 'Jody' Patterson-Davis (pilot only) |
Sam Stockman |
lewis |
Ariel Llinas |
Fireman |
Guest Star |
Akiko Morison |
Mrs. Laydoe |
Guest Star |
Dara Tomanovich |
Ms. Delani |
Guest Star |
Jack McGee |
Sidney |
Recurring Role |
Mr. French: (To kids in park) You little monsters.
Mr. French: (To himself as bird passes in park) Oh dear, God!
Buffy: Catch me!
(Buffy jumps on Uncle Bill)
Jody: Catch me next!
Jody: Where's our room?
During the premiere of "Family Affair" on September 12th the WB aired the first 2 minute-long movie trailer of the sequel to the franchise hit "Harry Potter", which debuted later in the fall in November 2002.
Guest-star Jennifer Lewis starred alongside Tim Curry in the 1999 mockumentary "Jackie's Back! Portrait of a Diva."
When this was reaired on September 13th, the laugh track was noticeably toned down from the original broadcast.
Luke Benward plays the original Jody in this update "Family Affair" series in the first 2 pilot episodes. He was recasted by Jimmy "Jax" Pinchak who appears in the 3rd episode.
TV Guide says, "Debut: Tim Curry does a different kind of time warp as he takes on the role of Mr. French in this update of the 1966-71 family sitcom. The premise of the series remains the same."
This series is an updated and revised version of the CBS series, "Family Affair" that aired from 1966-1971.
Tim Curry can mostly be known for the roles that he played in the movies "Charlie's Angels" and "Home Alone 2: Lost in New York".
Gary Cole (Uncle Bill) is mostly known for the role as Mike Brady in "The Brady Bunch Movies", which was also a revised and updated version of the 1970 classic TV series just like "Family Affair".
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Aub Scarf
The pattern requires just 3 x 50g balls, a pair of 3.75mm needles and (for this colour scheme) 740 small bronze beads and 800 small red beads. The finished scarf is 24cm wide x 164cm long.


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Categories > Celebrities > Fall Out Boy > How Long Will I Be Waiting?
~*Welcome Home, Boys*~
2 reviewsPeter Wentz loves to date, but lately it seems like he's been picking the wrong girls. One day he wakes up and realizes he's had a beautiful, wonderful, amazing girl just waiting for him to wake up...
How Long Will I Be Waiting?
(#) Sebastien_Is_Hott_ 2008-04-29
hey this is good! I like the whole love/not even noticing thing. It seems very interesting and I hope you update very soon! lotz of luv, Hannah
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Home | Forums | Rules | Articles | The diyAudio Store | Gallery | Blogs | Register | Donations | FAQ | Calendar | Search | Today's Posts | Mark Forums Read | Search |
Class D Switching Power Amplifiers and Power D/A conversion |
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Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
7th March 2008, 07:59 PM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Complete noob needs help
Sorry for the basic question, but I own three T-Amps (Sonic impact), two originals and one V2. I just bought the V2 and already, in 3 days, broke one of the speaker clips. I just touched it, and the spring flew out. I was trying to insert some Anticable speaker wire into it, and boom!
Anyway, I figured I might use the opportunity to try my first DIY project, basically taking the T-Amp out of its cheap housing and into a more robust container, adding real speaker connections, a better volume control (pot, right?). You can see, I am a real beginner. Can I do this? Is there anywhere on diyAudio with this already outlined? Any help would be greatly appreciated. |
7th March 2008, 08:02 PM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
7th March 2008, 08:11 PM | #3 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2006
Location: Chicago, IL
And this one:
Sonic Impact 5066 Parts List & Modifications There are several threads on this forum, about different versions of the T-Amp. They're pretty easy to pick out of a list of the Class-D topics here. Also check the FAQ, as there's some good background and links there. Enjoy yourself. These little amps are a lot of fun and a great way to get your feet wet in DIY audio--and amaze and astound your friends. Don't be afraid to tackle the parts modifications, especially the capacitor upgrades, which are detailed in these threads and on Michael Mardis' site. --Buckapound |
9th March 2008, 01:39 AM | #4 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Feb 2008
If you decide to mod one yourself, make sure you have a fine tip soldering iron with temperature control. You don't want to burn the surface mount pads. Do everything in your control to only use short bursts of heat on the board. I had the mishap of burning a through hole pad and had to reroute wires to another area of the board.
10th March 2008, 12:16 AM | #5 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Thanks everyone. I hope I don't destroy my T-Amp. Seems to intimidating. But I will take it slow.
10th March 2008, 09:03 AM | #6 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: May 2005
Location: Foxton, CAMBS..
Hi tstarn06,
If you are worried about messing up your board and would be happier just re-casing, then I have attached the diagram for that....... You could leave the original speaker leads and power leads attached to the board to keep things simple. You can always do the other mods later when you feel more confident. PS, the boards are a lot smaller in the flesh than they look on the PC..Good Luck.. |
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House Sets Hearing on Missing White House E-mail
A California lawmaker claims the White House is missing 473 days of archived e-mail.
Angered by apparent contradictory statements by the White House, U.S. Rep. Henry Waxman, D-Calif., said his Committee on Oversight and Government Reform will hold a Feb. 15 hearing over millions of missing White House e-mails. The missing e-mails were first revealed during a congressional investigation into the firing of U.S. attorneys general. While acknowledging the e-mails are missing, the White House initially contended that they are stored on backup tapes.


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Brock Lesnar not being at every WWE event:
"Brock Lesnar is not here 365 days a year, so when he appears, it's can't miss, it's something extraordinary, it's must see, it's something special. Besides, if Brock Lesnar wrestled every single week, he would wipe out the entire WWE and in three months we'd have no one left to work with!"
Lesnar defeating The Streak being the greatest WrestleMania moment of all time:
"Only one man, one beast has ever conquered the streak. And he didn't just conquer the streak. Brock Lesnar massacred the Undertaker at Wrestlemania. Beat him up, F5'ed him into oblivion, hospitalized him, crushed and ended and conquered the streak and walked away The Beast. I think it is the most historical moment in Wrestlemania history and I think it is the biggest moment in modern day WWE completely."
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American flight 2332
- hhanks, CNN iReport producer
Sisters plane turns around, flight attendant goes crazy, saying she's not responsible for crash
What do you think of this story?
iReport welcomes a lively discussion, so comments on iReports are not pre-screened before they post. See the iReport community guidelines for details about content that is not welcome on iReport.


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Seattle, Wa (PRWEB) August 17, 2013
Natural Weight Loss Code is the newly updated fat loss system created by Marius Bakken, who promises to give clients useful knowledge, natural weight loss tips and healthy exercises that guide them. This program took the author much time to research and test on his own body and the very first clients to find a real solution for the weight loss issue. With Natural Weight Loss Code, people can put an end to the concern about their overweight body. Many people wish to know how to get in shape effectively and safely without exhaustion and starving, and this system can help them. This program can be anything an overweight body needs: a nutritionist, a fat loss meal planer, a personal coach, or a guide on how to lose belly fat quickly. Thus, after the author exposed this brand new roadmap of fitness that can guide people on how to burn fat quickly without side effect, he received many positive opinions from the satisfied clients. Thus, the site Vkool.com tested this program and has given a complete overview to make it clear.
The full Natural Weight Loss Code overview on the site Vkool.com states that this program offers useful flexibility exercises for those who want to get fit and achieve their desirable build within a short time. Natural Weight Loss Code is actually not about diet. In brief, this weight loss training program promotes people's health and physique by teaching them how to eat smarter instead of eating less. On the other hand, this program also cl
Source: PRWeb Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc. All rights reserved |


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Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds
University of California Press 1990; US$ 19.95Surveying the night sky, a charming philosopher and his hostess, the Marquise, are considering thep ossibility of travelers from the moon. "What if they were skillful enough to navigate on the outer surface of our air, and from there, through their curiosity to see us, they angled for us like fish? Would that please you?" asks the philosopher. "Why... more...
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