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Operation 23:Crazy Warfare Wallpaper
Sep 13, 2011 Wallpapers 4 commentsI know,It's not the best wallpaper I can make but that's a small one because the characters models are not as good as I expected.Anyways,You can use this...
The game you are trying to view has ceased development and consequently been archived. If you are a member of this game, can demonstrate that it is being actively developed and will be able to keep this profile up to date with the latest news, images, videos and downloads, please contact us with all details and we will consider its re-activation.
This the Latest Game I'm Developing and it is looking very good.
Its a Game with theme the War but with the difference that the things are going a bit... crazy!
Created with Game Maker 8 Pro Let's hope people are going to appreciate my job with this and will enjoy the craziness so you can get the most fun you can on the online matches.
You better search for the Game on www.yoyogames.com with the same name as there is the place where we make the most updates.
Thanks for having a look at my game. Please visit www.OP23-CW.Blogspot.com for more information about the game.
Also! We got the site up :D
4 comments by Tha_14 on May 20th, 2012
So... I decided to start removing stuff from the game... I removed like 20mb of resources and much of the code I did in the past and I now started sorting things out and remake almost everything. I have created many things I really want to add but now it is just compiling all together and making everything actually work. I took 20 minutes to make a loading screen and I want to know your suggestions and ideas about this. I will continue it so it's now tagged as unfinished. Have a look:
I know,It's not the best wallpaper I can make but that's a small one because the characters models are not as good as I expected.Anyways,You can use this...
Operation 23:Crazy Warfare Update V0.0.74 Added: -HealthBar -Ultimate Screenshot Engine -Admin Key System Fixed: -Games Speed -Executables Size -Typing...
sorry for long delay.. im now working on a mini street map which is very detailed
maybe 2mb or 5mb.. its gonna be small.. not sure maybe 500kb
Ohh man, I see myself cutting out tons of vertexies again :P
im gonna cut as many vertexes as i can.. i will make sure its bellow 700kb
So... I tried to put the shoutbox here but I failed so you might need to go visit our site :P
Hey Tha.. I've been getting a glitch
When ever i try to sign up .. I press "I" and it quits me
That again... come on guys! Read the comments and at least what I write for once!
"Now working on the Login/Register system, It will take us some time to make it work without bugs"
Oh I see ..
Is the update the full game or just the update????????
Good news! Server list is now ready and running(for me) so you can now connect to servers without having the IP address.!
Now working on the Login/Register system, It will take us some time to make it work without bugs but I believe that you will be able to register and login with your custom account and if you want you can check a checkbox to receive an email for when you would like to join. Thank you :D
Promote Operation 23: Crazy Warfare on your homepage or blog by selecting a button and using the embed code provided (more).


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TODD SMITH'S SPIN CYCLE — Maximize your holiday PR with these tips for your list
by Todd Smith Published: December 12,2014
Tags: advertising, Business, Deane Smith & Partners, media, Mississippi, NEWS, PR
Every year, we distribute thousands of holiday season news releases. From gift guides and product launches, events and end-of-year wrap ups, there are many ways brands use news releases to successfully insert themselves into the holiday news cycle. After all, smart PR pros understand that news releases can directly impact end-of-year, holiday sales. To help […] [...]

subset: commoncrawl


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Spotlight: Member Stories
I am 32 I have 4 children ages 8,9,12,and 14. I dont think I over eat! I just dont eat the right stuff :( at least thats what i make myself believe. I...More
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Started this discussion. Last reply by Pyana Mwamba Symphorien Apr 19, 2011. 2 Replies 0 Likes
Dear Linley,
Its my pleasure to visit your profile in peace network.
We can be good friend and partner in future.
Hello Linley
Thank you very much for your comments and remiding me about the From the talk to Action. I do not know well yet about the information. I hope I can come and join it. Would you please send post me again about it? I believe that it must be very interesting to join.
We must make the talk to be action as what we have done so far.
Best Regard
Tabrani Yunis
Dear friend
"Vasudev kutukbkam" entire world is a family.This is the teaching of our indian culture and tradition.This is a wonderful site to to know our inner self and each other and can make a world a family.
We created countries, boundaries,religions,cast,race for any reason.But this the time to realize that we are one and naturally interconnected with each other which we can just realize by watching inhale and exhale of our breaths. The source is same without any discrimination of religion and boundaries, equally for all living life of universe .When we understand this simple thing then we must understand how our and other's life is equally important, valuable and respectable .
We should follow the nature's rule,God has given us a human life not for destruction but to look after the wellbeing of all living life so that peace and harmony can establish in this planet.
I shall be happy if we could be a friend with harmonious relationship.
Dear Linley,
Thanks allot for your valuable comments and thoughts. I appreciatted your
consideration and love to collaborate with you in near future on similar issues.
Please keep in touch with me. Takecare.
In Peace.
Dear Linley,
Happy to meet you at peace network here.
We can be good friend and partners in peace activities.
Peace.Please consider Paying What You Can to help PCDN grow. We encourage you to consider any amount from $1 and up. Read the SUPPORT page prior to making a payment to see PCDN's impact and how your payment will help.
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3D combat racing game.In the beginning of 21th century global energy crisis wakened World War III. A lot of cities were destroyed and people abandoned them searching for better life.
OS Requirement Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7
License Freeware File Size 37.8 MB
Version 1.0
Date Added Wed 05, 2012 at 01:38 pm
Source Gamehitzone


text: I was hoping someone could answer a couple of questions about the Wii console... I know you need an internet connection to utilise all functions. But, can you play games like Wii Sports without internet connection? Do you need an LCD tv, or will it work while connected to a standard tv? Thanks to anyone who can answer! aaa |


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To send an email to OCSO, please fill out all the fields in the form below.
Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public-records request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing.
The Orange County Sheriff's Office does not accept records requests or criminal complaints via email. To request records, please call the Records department at 407-254-7280. To make a non-emergency criminal complaint, please call our Non-Emergency Complaint line at 407-836-4357. IF YOU WISH TO COMMUNICATE WITH US VIA MAIL PLEASE USE OUR OUR MAILING ADDRESS AS INDICATED: Orange County Sheriff's Office c/o______________________ PO BOX 1440 Orlando, Fl. 32802-1440 ________________________________________________________________________________


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Issue Archives
We here at ADVANCE have been forced to make the difficult decision to discontinue our Healthy Aging print publication. Likewise, we will no
longer be updating the Healthy Aging website. This online resource
will, however, remain available as it stands so that medical aesthetics
and age management professionals may search our article archives and
continue to reference this information in the future.
Many of the topics covered by Healthy Aging will continue to be covered by our sister publication, ADVANCE for NPs & PAs.


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Book your room at Mainsail Tampa Extended Stay
Please enter your travel dates.
All-suite Tampa hotel near shopping and sports venues
Near businesses, shops
This hotel offers complimentary shuttle service within 3 miles, which includes numerous corporate offices and Raymond James Stadium; downtown Tampa is 10 miles away.
Soaks and sports
In addition to an outdoor pool and spa tub, Mainsail Suites Hotel & Conference Center offers a basketball court, sand volleyball, and a fitness center. The casual restaurant includes a sports bar.
Full kitchens
One- and two-bedroom suites at Mainsail Suites Hotel & Conference Center include fully equipped kitchens, and separate living rooms. Free wireless Internet access and 32-inch TV are included.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In Tampa's Westshore business district, this resort-style gated enclave is within five miles of Tampa International Airport, two shopping centers, and Raymond James Stadium. Shuttles operate within three miles of the hotel from 7 AM until 7 PM (subject to availability).
Mainsail Suites Hotel & Conference Center offers a freeform pool, a spa tub, and sports courts. The hotel's fitness center includes more than a dozen cardio and strength-training machines.
Extras include complimentary wireless Internet access, a 24-hour business center with 12,000 square feet (1,115 square meters) of meeting facilities, complimentary newspapers at the front desk and Starbucks coffee in the lobby.
- ATM/banking
- Number of floors - 3
- Bar/lounge
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Conference space
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Free WiFi
- Wired (high-speed) Internet access - surcharge
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 360
- Picnic area
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free area shuttle
- Conference space size (feet) - 12,000
- Free self parking
- Conference space size (meters) - 1115
- Conference center
- Spa tub
- Outdoor pool
- Television in lobby
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchen
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- DVD player
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Wired (high-speed) Internet access - surcharge
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Access via exterior corridors
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Ceiling fan
- Climate control
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Designer toiletries
- Desk
- DVD player
- Free local calls
- Hair dryer
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board
- Kitchen
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Microwave
- Patio
- Premium TV channels
- Refrigerator
- Separate sitting area
- Shower/tub combination
- Room service (limited hours)
- Cable TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Dishwasher
- Stovetop
Where to Eat
Latitudes Pub and Grill - Off the lobby. Casual dining. American fare. Cocktail bar and bar menu. Multiple TVs tuned to sporting events. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner; bar open from early afternoon to late evening.
Room service - Available from early morning to late evening.
Nearby Things to Do
Set on the spacious grounds are a large freeform pool and spa tub. Basketball, tennis, and sand volleyball courts are also provided, as is complimentary equipment (subject to availability). The hotel fitness center contains more than a dozen cardiovascular and strength-training machines as well as free weights.
Five miles away, the Intracoastal Waterway offers kayaking (canoeing), fishing, bird watching, dolphin-watching cruises (surcharges) and other recreation. Numerous other water sports are available at Clearwater Beach, 20 miles away. At least a dozen golf courses are located within 10 miles of the hotel
The recreational activities listed below are available on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Windsurfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
- Parasailing nearby
- Basketball on site
- Volleyball on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 11 PM
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No elevators
No rollaway/extra beds available
- Pet fee: USD 35.00 per accommodation, per stay (maximum USD 75.00 per stay)


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Amazing Alex
Amazing Alex - 1-5 Chain Reaction - Walkthrough - HD (2012)
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Trailer Info
From: pixelplanet | |
Jul 12, 2012 | |
Category: Walkthroughs |


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What Is This "Polar Vortex" That Is Freezing the U.S.?
January 6th, 2014 | 64
As I write these words, temperatures across half the U.S. are plummeting like a rock. Extreme lows are forecast by tonight: -32 degrees Fahrenheit in Fargo, N.D.; -21 degrees F in Madison, Wisc.; -15 degrees F in Chicago and Indianapolis, according to the National Weather Service. Wind chills will reach a bizarre 60 degrees below [...]
Keep reading »


text:
BPL Community Profile
Paul Davis (FauxRealz) - BPL Forum Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by Paul Davis
Bivy Interested in bivy pending details. |
WTB NeoAir any size for a good offer. A buddy of mine is coming with me to hike the JMT this summer. He's looking for a NeoAir and doesn't really have a preference on size. Anyone looking to get rid of their's? |
Mountainfitter Going for Mountain Fitter's. I was just going to see if anyone was trying to get rid of some, before I did. Thanks guys. |
WTB Ti Hooks NM. Bought some from Mountainfitter |
Ill take it Want it |
Staked How much for the stakes? And how long? Pm me with details. |
Next in line on Wool 1 Let us know the size and price. I would take a large, gladly, if the price is right. |
Repeat thread... I've found a couple of threads on this subject. NM. |
PenFishingRods.com Anyone ever used or heard about these rods? "Pen fishing rod extreme" @ http://penfishingrods.com/shop/index.php They look perfectly small and light and surprisingly good quality. |
Re: Got it This is the best news. I was mostly expecting another Bent Gate, Montbell double sale fiasco (UL Inner for about 90 after the two codes. Bent Gate then sent emails to everyone after the purchase ... |
All Reader Reviews by Paul Davis
Paul Davis has posted no reviews.


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Schools in Ft. Ashby, WV
About Ft. Ashby Schools
- There are 3 K-12 schools in Ft. Ashby, WV, including 2 public schools and 1 private schools. Ft. Ashby public schools belong to one districts, Mineral County Schools School District.
- There are 3 Ft. Ashby elementary schools, 1 Ft. Ashby middle school and 3 Ft. Ashby preschool schools.
Contact Education.com with questions or feedback about SchoolFinder.
Please note, if you wish to speak to someone at the school, you must contact the school directly.


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Calendar of Events
BUZZHub Series
CEO-CFO Series
The New Capital Connection
Crystal Ball
Holiday Luncheon
Mid-Atlantic Bio'12
TechBUZZ Series
Vanguard Roundtables
AgilityFirst! Forum
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MAVA Community Partner Event: Happy Hour and Fireside chat with Ted Leonsis (Monumental Sports/Wizards/Caps)
Hosted by Startup Grind
Event date: 3/20/2014
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Ted Leonsis is the founder and chairman of Monumental Sports & Entertainment, which owns and operates three professional sports teams (Washington Capitals, Washington Wizards and Washington Mystics) and Verizon Center. He also serves on the board of governors for the NBA and NHL.
He is a partner in the speed-up capital Revolution Growth Fund II, investing in people and ideas that can change the world. Ted is an investor and chairman of the board of directors of Groupon. He also serves on the board of directors at AddThis, American Express and Georgetown University as well as Revolution Growth companies FedBid, Resonate and Optoro.
In 2008 Ted founded SnagFilms, which enables online audiences to watch, share and support documentary films. SnagFilms grew out of Ted's experience as a producer of award-winning documentary films, including Nanking, which won Peabody and Emmy awards.
An author and daily blogger at TedsTake.com, Ted published a book, "The Business of Happiness," which quickly became a bestseller. A committed philanthropist, Ted is actively involved with numerous charities through the work of the Leonsis Foundation. After a near 14-year career at AOL, he retired from active management in 2006 and retains the position of vice chairman emeritus.
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Samed Pavilion Resort
Hotel | 89/1 Moo 4 Samed T. Phae, Muang Rayong, Ao Phai Koh Samet, Thailand 21160
- Air Conditioning
- Bar
- Credit cards accepted
- No curfew
- Currency Exchange
- Lounge area
- Internet / Wi-Fi
- Restaurant
- Safety deposit
- 24 hour hot showers
- Swimming Pool
- Banqueting facilities
- Conference / meeting room(s)
- Hot tub / jacuzzi
- Concierge
- Express check-in / out
- Laundry service
- Reception (limited hours)
- Room service (limited hours)
- Bar(s)
- Internet access in public areas
- Internet café
- Onsite shop(s)
- Television room
- Cot / crib
- Infant bed
- Sofa
What's Included
- Luggage Room
- Breakfast
- Linen
- Towel
Important Information
Smoking Reference: Non -Smoking Guest Remarks : The guest request for honeymoon room set up and arrangement. Applicable: If cancelled or modifide up to 14 days before date arrival, 100 % of the 1st night will be charged. Applicable Deposit Policy: 100% of the fist night will be charged on the day of booking.
Cancellation Policy
Customers can cancel their reservation free of charge up to 14 days before arrival (local time). Payments made to HostelBookers are non-refundable.
Check-In/Out Details
Earliest check-in: 11:00
Latest Check-out: 12:00
Enter dates to check prices
About Samed Pavilion Resort
Samed Pavilion Resort offers outdoor swimming pool, meeting facilities, laundry service and tour desk. It's perfect for a couples, family, or individual travelers to relax and unwind as well to escape stress in the modern living. Quite atmosphere, comfort and convenience are the hallmarks of Samed Pavilion Resort and Restaurant.
Accommodation Information
Every guests rooms has a unique elegance design and equipped with individual control air conditioning, hair dryer, hot and cold shower, flat screen cable television, toiletries, telephone, in-room safety box, mini bar, with complementary bottled drinking water and free Wi-Fi access to make each guests stay more comfortable and pleasant.
Location Information
Samed Pavilion Resort located at Ao Pai beach, the ideal place for travelers that love to bath under the sun, quite beach with white and crystal sand. Sit and relax while having dinner under moonlight, with pub and reggae bar and don't miss the Black jack fire show every night.
Other languages
- Deutsch: Samed Pavilion Resort
- Español: Samed Pavilion Resort
- Français: Samed Pavilion Resort
- Italiano: Samed Pavilion Resort
- Português: Samed Pavilion Resort


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Dan and the Bottle Ch. 19
— Expanding the fight.Pawn Among Wolves Ch. 15
— She is used in a fight among werewolves.Move In Day Ch. 02
— Josh and I go hunting.Enchantress of the Hallsbroeck
— German barmaid plays young count's family legend.Chameleon in Chrome Ch. 05
— Ryan, Taela & Shorty are handed a way out.Award
— A high school senior strives for his award.Running a Camp
— Fiancee learns that you need to do the right thing.An Orgy in Venus Villa Ch. 03
— Sexual politics is the hottest.Across the Ages: Book One Ch. 01
— A princess flees her father. He was hired to bring her back.A Big Shiny Blue Marble Ch. 59
— Talon gets his wings and the idol flies once more.Daughter of the Witcher Ch. 01
— "No one hits the witcher's girl," she said.Sheeple Ch. 02
— Life gets interesting for Kate and Eric.Shotgun
— Aftermath of a hunting accident.Sex at the Abandoned Army Camp
— A young woman's non-consent fantasy comes to life.The Hunt
— Ordinary people drawn into a life an death stuggle.Trail Cam Surprise
— Neighbor girl caught in the act on trail cam.A Big Shiny Blue Marble Ch. 19
— Yuan likes Billy. The young outdoorsman and the uh, dragon.Total Woman Excursions 13
— Fall Festival: Hunter's Moon, OksanaI Sucked The Sheriff
— Busted by the sheriff he has one chance to avoid arrest.The Hunting Trip
— A hunting expedition turns into something else.Claiming an Ally Ch. 02
— Another rescue and a kiss...or two.Big Game Hunter
— Sometimes hunting is a sex game fetish.The Last Herd
— All actions, no matter how big, have consequences.The Not so Secret Agent Ch. 12
— A hapless ranger, a big decision, and wasted ammo.Wrangler Butts Ch. 05
— Mitch and Darrin take an autumn trip.Just an Old Legend Ch. 11
— Who's Hunting Whom?He Planned a Secret Ch. 02
— Things unravel after a mistake.Just an Old Legend Ch. 10
— The hunt begins.My New Hunting Partner
— He allows a female hunter to use his property.Deer Tree Stand
— Outdoor sex.Hunting Instruction
— Teaching a friend to hunt turns hot in the woods.Hostile Ch. 05
— Alie's recovery begins.Hostile Ch. 04
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— The Wood Nymph tells her side of the story.Storms Never Last Ch. 02
— Terry mourns Annie; Acey enters his life.Hunting Camp
— Wife pays an old debt for her husband.The Highlands Hunt Club
— Despite warning, Clare submits to Mr. Charles' advances.Hunters & Prey
— Paparazzo has a hunting mishap with Eliza Dushku.Lacks Charm But Wins the Girl
— Hunting guide expecting a male client is landed with Lee.Masters of the Arches Ch. 21
— Back on land again.Opening Weekend Ch. 02
— Jon and Lindsay's steamy nights.The Duck Blind
— What was he hunting?Masters of the Arches Ch. 08
— Captured and a slave.Masters of the Arches
— Man discovers a door leading to the unknown.Married Cocksucker Buds Begin Ch. 03
— Bucks & buck naked blow jobs: Will, Mike, Jeff keep going.Crystal Chandeliers
— Chuck's life falls apart when his wife leaves him for riches.Married Cocksucker Buds Begin Ch. 01
— The continuing story in the hunting cabin.Married Cocksucker Buds: The Beginning
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— Farcical tale of ridding the Literotica Forest of trolls.A Walk in the Woods
— a kidnapped girl is hunted down Running through the woods.The Hunter Ch. 02
— In 1830s Florida, a couple hunts for supper.Bob and Bigfoot
— Bob shoots his gun, Bigfoot shoots his.Progressive Learning Ch. 02
— Man's lessons from an older man continue.The Hunt
— She was hunted down like an animal.Hunting
— A hunting experience to be remembered.Active Tags
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NAIA Men's Basketball Daktronics Scholar Athletes
March 19, 2007
This year's honorees from Divisions I and II are listed below by institution:
First Name Last Name Institution Class Position Hometown J.R. Maggard JR F Nielsen SR G Eric N. Mullins JR F Hazard, KY Matt Mills JR F Daniel J. Watkins SR F Chris Woolery SR G Evan Wright SR G Jesse SR G Jesse Mullens JR F Peters SR G Derek Demaree JR F Jacob Deines 5th NA Neil Rohe JR F Kurt Webb JR G Tom Radtke JR C Whiting, IN Robinson SR G Justin Watson SR G Martin McLaughlin SR F Ryan Short SR G Yoder SR F Josh JR G Ryan Steinhoff SR G Benjamin Buhr JR G Richard Schwartz 5th G Jesse Alvarez JR G Luke Bronkema SR F Corey DeSantis SR F North Branch, MI Elliot Neuheisel SR C Brock Seim SR F Zach Genant JR G Dan Barraclough SR G Drew Erhardt JR C Center, ND Brent Cole SR F Wade Janssen SR G Cropper Eastern SR G LaDarian Raymond SR G/F Todd Simon JR F Samuel Saillant JR G Jelmer Krijthe SR F Revius Lyceun, NETH Justin Speer SR G Ryan Waterson SR F Matt Crawford SR F Middle Bury, IN David Haire SR G David Ritter SR F Dow JR C Chase SR G James JR G Bobby Kempf SR C Mike Snyder SR F Julius Cumlat SR G Andrew JR F Bryn Caulkins GR G Richie 5th G Ryan O'Hern SR G Kellen Bubach SR G Christopher M. Pitts SR C Karl E. Stedman, JR. SR G Stephen A. Ward SR F James Bunn SR G Mario Farando JR F Carter Wurts JR F Luke Zumo JR G Adam Kerfoot SR G Shane Humphrey JR F Reid Flaagan 5th G Beulah, ND Derek Gathman JR F Schafer JR G Klumpe SR G Cy Rolfs SR F Matthew SR G Adam Hepker JR G Jacob Nellor SR G Ryan Rundberg SR G Patrick SR C John Connot SR F Zachory Gradoville SR G Drew Hysjulien SR F Ryan Byrne SR G Dustin Berens SR G Gustavo Tur Climent SR C Piles, Damon Collins SR F Sasko Ristov SR G Vales, Jack Rother JR G Pat Mount Marty College SR G Chris Filsinger Mount Marty College JR G Nathan Fischer Mount Marty College JR F Miller, SD Ryan Hajek Mount Marty College SR G Huron, SD Jonathon Heyden Mount Marty College SR F Travis Ptacek Mount Marty College JR F O'Neill, NE Mark Hess SR F Evan Yates JR F Brett Pflugrath SR F Nate Yokers SR G Mark DeYounge Northwestern College JR F Shane Hansen Northwestern Oklahoma State Univ. JR G William Bambrick SR F Christopher Furey JR G Patrick Grewe JR F Jared Mitchel JR G Johnson SR F Ryan Fiegi Oregon Institute of Technology JR G/F Alan Johnson Oregon Institute of Technology 5th F Daniel Mills Oregon Institute of Technology SR F Bryant Derley SR G Nathan Haussmann JR G Voorhees SR G/F Benjamin Wallis JR F Ben Valentine 5th C Matthew Benson SR F Dennis DiPasquale SR G Samuel Marquardt SR G Dusan Vukojevic SR F Ryan Gomendi Rocky SR G/F Devin Uskoski Rocky JR F Brush Prairie, WA Bradley Wade Ward Saint Gregory's University SR G Ken McCormick SR G Shawn SR G Brett Tompkins SR F Daniel Wall SR G Andrew Dapore JR G Fredrickson SR F Matt Lyndoe SR F Casey Schmitz SR C Smith JR F Blake Tideman SR G Winner, SD Brent Kimmel Southern Nazarene Univeristy JR G Matt Espinoza Southern SR F Scott Parrish 5th F Mike Steigerwald SR G Matt Wilke SR F Andrew Brubacher SR G Zach Gulmire JR G C.J. Higginbotham SR G Little Elm, TX Peter Zigterman JR G Aaron Leonard SR F Maurice University of Michigan-Dearborn JR G Chris Dinwiddle SR G Ryan Bradley SR G Michael Steinau JR G Ryan Williams University of the Cumberlands SR F Jonathan Lindahl SR F Brian Roberts Vanguard JR G Keith Black SR G Derek Chappell SR F Adam Lesch SR F Lee Berend JR G/F Justas Mikelionis SR G Michal Polanowski SR C Nick Booth SR F Jared Roberts JR G Davey Krause JR G Evan Lange SR C Andrew Fisher SR F Luke Letzring JR C Jacob Spielbauer SR G Craig Wamsley SR G Arapahoe, CO Jesse SR F Jeff Hajny SR C


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These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers. Show details
The movie itself deserves to be seen, being what could be called "State-of-the-art Photography in motion".A must have for those who enjoy the visual arts.
Great product, in the plastic, brand new ... also shipped pretty much the next day.cool movie! Interesting documentary for those who love nature and are against technology.
There is no singular meaning for this movie. "To some its a work of art, to others it's a piece of s$#@," was what I believe Godfrey Reggio stated during his interview for... Read more
I saw this movie my senior year in highschool, back in 2002. I can honestly say that i have never been moved in such a way by a film as i have been by Koyaanisqatsi. Read more
This movie is amazing. It's not for everybody or for everyday viewing, but it is truly an experience. Read more
More than anything, this is a beautiful movie. It is difficult to judge this movie on anything else because although the title is a commentary on modern day life, the actual movie... Read more
I was 14 years old when I first watched the film. It has been a year now. Only now after watching the film a hundred times do I truly understand it. Read more
Visually, I love this movie. Ron Fricke pioneered a very poetic cinematographic technique, and went on to perfect his art in "Baraka". Read more
OK, my title is a real strong statement, but I stand by it. I can remember the first time I saw it, on a 13 inch TV, on PBS, as I was channel surfing. Read more
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U.S. Army War College >> Strategic Studies Institute >> Publications >> Details
Future Warfare
Authored by Major General Robert H. Scales.
- Added May 01, 1999
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Brief Synopsis
Throughout U.S. history the American military services have had an unfortunate penchant for not being ready for the next war. Part of the problem has had to do with factors beyond their control: the American policy has been notoriously slow to respond to the challenges posed by dangerous enemies. On the other hand, American military institutions have been surprisingly optimistic in weighing their preparedness as they embarked on the nation's wars. The first battles involving American military forces hardly give reason for optimism. The initial defeats in the War of 1812, Bull Run, Belleau Woods, Savo Island, Kasserine Pass, Task Force Smith, and Landing Zone Albany hardly suggest unalloyed success by America's military in preparing for the next war. Admittedly, in each of its major wars the United States did enjoy the luxury of time to repair the deficiencies that showed up so glaringly in the country's first battles. Unfortunately, in the 21st century the United States may not have that luxury of time. Whatever approaches the American military take to innovation, war will occur. And it will provide a harsh audit. Almost certainly the next war will take the United States by surprise. U.S. military institutions may well have prepared for some other form of warfare, in some other location. To paraphrase Omar Bradley: it may well be the wrong war, in the wrong place, at the wrong time. But there it will be, and the American military will have to fight that conflict on its terms rather than their own. Unfortunately, military history is replete with examples of military institutions that have refused to adapt to the real conditions of war, but rather have attempted to impose their own paradigm--no matter how irrelevant or ill-suited to the actual conditions. If we cannot predict where the next war will occur or what form it will take, there are some things for which the American military can prepare as they enter the next millennium. Obviously, the services have to pr
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This photograph shows a marching band, an automobile carrying American flags, and a small group of men assembled in a Memorial Day parade in Dorrance, Kansas. Also visible are spectators, parked automobiles, utility poles and power lines, and buildings (the nearest of which is made of limestone and is decorated with American flags) and businesses along the city street (dirt).
Creator: Halbe, L. W. (Leslie Winfield), 1893-1981
Date: May 30, 1912
Item Number: 1486
Call Number: Halbe Coll. No. 860
KSHS Identifier: DaRT ID: 1486
Built Environment - Materials - Stone - Limestone
Collections - Photograph - Halbe, L. W. (photographer)
Community Life - Arts and Entertainment - Music - Musical groups - Bands
Community Life - Events and Celebrations - Holidays
Community Life - Events and Celebrations - Parades
Date - 1910s - 1912
Home and Family - Family parties and reunions - Holidays - Memorial Day
Objects and Artifacts - Communication Artifacts - Documentary Artifact - Photograph - Dry plate glass negatives
Places - Cities and towns - Dorrance
Places - Counties - Russell
Thematic Time Period - Industrialization and the National Economy, 1870-1920
Transportation - Automobiles
Type of Material - Photographs
Type of Material - Photographs - Format - Dry plate glass negatives


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O'Neill Sculpture Quarterpipe Session in Davos.
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Advances in Human-Computer Interaction
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 659758, 10 pages
Investigating Effects of Screen Layout Elements on Interface and Screen Design Aesthetics
1Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Northeastern University, 334 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Garyounis, Benghazi 1308, Libya
Received 2 June 2010; Revised 11 December 2010; Accepted 12 March 2011
Academic Editor: Antonio Kr?ger
Copyright © 2011 Ahamed Altaboli and Yingzi Lin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A recent study suggested the use of the screen layout elements of balance, unity, and sequence as a part of a computational model of interface aesthetics. It is argued that these three elements are the most contributed terms in the model. In the current study, a controlled experiment was designed and conducted to systematically investigate effects of these three elements (balance, unity, and sequence) on the perceived interface aesthetics. Results showed that the three elements have significant effects on the perceived interface aesthetics. Significant interactions were also found among the three elements. A regression model relating the perceived visual aesthetics to the three elements was constructed. When validating the model using standard questionnaire scores of real web pages, high correlations were found between the values computed by the model and scores of questionnaire items related to visual layout of the web pages, indicating that layout-based measures are good at assessing the classical dimension of website aesthetics.


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Vietnam People's Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam |
Vietnam People's Air Force emblem
Active | 1959 – present |
Country | Vietnam |
Branch |
Five branches
Size | 35,000 personnel (2009) 551 active aircraft |
Part of | Vietnam People's Army |
Colors | Azure, Dark Green |
Anniversaries | October 22, 1963 |
Engagements | First Indochina War Vietnam War Cambodian-Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War |
Decorations | |
Battle honours | Operation Linebacker Operation Linebacker II The 1975 Spring Offensive |
Commanders | |
Commander | Lieutenant General Phuong Minh Hoa |
Political Commissar | Major General Nguyen Van Thanh |
Chief of Staff | Major General Nguyen Van Tho |
Insignia | |
Flag of Vietnam People's Air Force | |
Roundel | |
Wings | |
Awards | |
Aircraft flown | |
Attack | Su-22, Mi-24 |
Fighter | Su-30, Su-27, MiG-21 |
Patrol | Ka-27, Ka-25 |
Reconnaissance | M-400, An-30 |
Trainer | Yak-52, L-39 |
Transport | An-38, M-28, An-24, An-26, UH-1, Mi-8, Mi-17 |
The Vietnam People's Air Force (Vietnamese: Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam) is the air force of Vietnam. It is the successor of the former North Vietnamese Air Force and absorbed the Republic of Vietnam Air Force following the re-unification of Vietnam in 1975. The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) is one of three main branches in the Vietnam People's Army which is a part of the Ministry of Defence. The main mission of the VPAF is the defence of Vietnamese airspace and the provision of air cover for operations of the Vietnam People's Army.
Beginning-1964 (North Vietnam)[edit]
The first aircraft in service for the Vietnamese Armed Forces were two trainers, a de Havilland Tiger Moth and a Morane-Saulnier, which were initially the private property of the emperor Bảo Đại.[1] In 1945, Bảo Đại gave the aircraft to the Vietnamese government. Until 1950, even though the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) had acquired credible offensive capabilities on the ground, it was almost powerless against reconnaissance or attacking operations from the French Expeditionary Air Force. On March 9, 1949, General Vo Nguyen Giap was authorized to establish the Air Force Research Committee (Ban Nghiên cứu Không quân) under the General Staff to study ways to deal with the air war. The first Vietnamese service aircraft flight was made by the Tiger Moth on August 15, 1949.[1] A small-scale training was carried out in the following years.
Further development of aviation in North Vietnam began in 1956, when a number of trainees were sent to the USSR and China for pilot training. They were organized into two groups, for pilots and mechanics, respectively; and among others, utilized the Czechoslovak Zlín Z-226 and Aero Ae-45. The first unit of the VPAF was the No. 919 Transport Regiment (Trung đoàn Không quân Vận tải 919), organized on May 1, 1959, with An-2, Li-2, Il-14 aircraft, followed by the No. 910 Training Regiment (Trung đoàn Không quân 910) with Yak-18 trainers.[1] In 1963 the Air Force and Air Defense Force were merged into the Air and Air Defence Force (Quân chủng Phòng không – Không quân).
1964–74 (North Vietnam)[edit]
The first North Vietnamese combat plane was a T-28 Trojan trainer, whose pilot defected from the Royal Lao Air Force; it was utilized from early 1964 by the North Vietnamese as a night fighter. The T-28 was the first North Vietnamese aircraft to shoot down a U.S. aircraft, a C-123, on February 15, 1964.[1]
The North Vietnamese Air Force (NVAF) received its first jet fighter aircraft, the MiG-17 in February 1964, but they were initially stationed at air bases on Mainland China, while their pilots were being trained. On February 3, 1964, the first fighter regiment No. 921 (Trung đoàn Không quân Tiêm kích 921), aka "Red Star squadron", was formed, and on August 6 it arrived from China in North Vietnam with its MiG-17s.[1] On September 7, the No. 923 fighter regiment, aka "Yen The Squadron", led by Lt. Col. Nguyen Phuc Trach, was formed. In May 1965, No. 16 bomber company (Đại đội Không quân Ném bom 16) was formed with Il-28 twin engine bombers. Only one Il-28 sortie was flown in 1972 against Royal Laotian forces.
The North Vietnamese Air Force's first jet air-to-air engagement with U.S. aircraft was on April 3, 1965. The NVAF claimed the shooting down of two US Navy F-8 Crusader, which was not confirmed by US sources, although they acknowledged having encountered MiGs.[1] Consequently, April 3 became "North Vietnamese Air Force Day". On April 4 the VPAF (NVAF) scored the first confirmed victories to be acknowledged by both sides. The US fighter community was shocked when relatively slow, post-Korean era MiG-17 fighters shot down advanced F-105 Thunderchief fighters-bombers attacking the Thanh Hóa Bridge. The two downed F-105s were carrying their normal heavy bomb load, and were not able to react to their attackers.[1]
In 1965, the NVAF were supplied with supersonic MiG-21s by the USSR which were used for high speed GCI controlled hit and run intercepts against American air strike groups. The MiG-21 tactics became so effective, that by late 1966, an operation was mounted to especially deal with the MiG-21 threat. Led by Colonel Robin Olds on 2 January 1967, Operation Bolo lured MiG-21s into the air, thinking they were intercepting a F-105 strike group, but instead found a sky full of missile armed F-4 Phantom IIs set for aerial combat. The result was a loss of almost half the inventory of MiG-21 interceptors, at a cost of no U.S. losses. The VPAF (NVAF) stood down for additional training after this setback.
Meanwhile, the disappointing performances of US Air Force and US Navy (USN) airmen, even though flying the contemporary advanced aircraft of those times, combined with a legacy of successes from World War II and the Korean War, resulted in a total revamping of aerial combat training for the USN in 1968 (Top Gun school; established 1969). The designs for an entire generation of aircraft, with engineering for optimized daylight air-to-air combat (dog fighting) against both older, as well as for emerging MiG fighters, were being put to the drawing board. US forces could not consistently track low flying MiGs on radar, and were hampered by restrictive rules of engagement (ROE) which required pilots to visually acquire their targets, nullifying much of the advantage of radar guided missiles, which often proved unreliable when used in combat.
The VPAF (NVAF) was a defensive air arm, with the primary mission of defending North Vietnam, and until the last stages of the war, did not conduct air operations into South Vietnam; nor did the NVAF conduct general offensive actions against enemy naval forces off the coast. However it did conduct limited attacks on the opposing naval vessels, notably damaging the United States destroyer USS Higbee in 1972. In a separate incident, MiG-17s that ventured over water were shot down by surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) fired by U.S. warships.
The VPAF (NVAF) did not engage all US sorties. Most US aircraft were destroyed by SA-2 surface-to-air missiles or anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), and in some cases, even small arms. Typically, VPAF MiGs would not engage unless it was to their advantage. Some of the aerial tactics used were similar to Operation Bolo, which lured the NVAF to the fight.
On March 24, 1967, regiments Nos. 921, 923 and 919 were incorporated into the 371st Air Division "Thăng Long" (Sư đoàn Không quân 371). In 1969, No. 925 fighter regiment was formed, flying the Shenyang J-6 (the Chinese-built MiG-19). In 1972 the fourth fighter regiment, No. 927 "Lam Son", was formed.[1]
VPAF flew their interceptors with superb guidance from ground controllers, who positioned the MiGs in perfect ambush battle stations. The MIGs made fast and devastating attacks against US formations from several directions (usually the MiG-17s performed head-on attacks and the MiG-21s attacked from the rear). After shooting down a few American planes and forcing some of the F-105s to drop their bombs prematurely, the MiGs did not wait for retaliation, but disengaged rapidly. This "guerrilla warfare in the air" proved very successful. In December 1966 the MiG-21 pilots of the 921st FR downed 14 F-105s without any losses.[5]
The U.S Air Force and the U.S. Navy continued to lay down great expectations on the F4 Phantom, assuming that the massive arms, the perfect on-board radar, the highest speed and acceleration properties, coupled with the new tactics will provide "Phantoms" an advantage over the MiGs. But in collisions with lighter VPAF's MiG-21, F-4 began to suffer defeat. From May to December 1966, the U.S. air battles lost 47 aircraft, destroying all of this only 12 enemy's fighters. From April 1965 to November 1968, over North Vietnam was conducted 268 air battles, VPAF claimed shot down 244 U.S. or ARVN's aircraft, and they lost 85 MiGs (including 27 F-4s and 20 MiG-21s).[6]
In the spring and summer of 1972, to illumine the theater of war 360 tactical fighters of the U.S. Air Force and 96 Navy fighter, a great number of which were F4 Phantom of recent modifications, opposed only 71 VPAF's aircraft (including 31 MiG-21) was a militant.[6]
The culmination of the struggle in the air in the spring of 1972 was May 10, when the VPAF's aircraft completed 64 sorties, spending 15 air battles. VPAF claimed 7 F-4s were shot down (U.S confirmed five F4s were lost[7]). Those, in turn, managed to kill two MiG-21s, three MiG-17s and one MiG-19. May 11, two MiG-21, who played the role of "bait", brought the four F-4 to 2-circled at low altitude MiG-21. MiGs quickly stormed the "Phantoms" and 3 missiles shot down two F-4. May 18, Vietnamese aircraft made 26 sorties and spent eight air combat, which cost the 4 F4 Phantom, Vietnamese fighters on that day did not suffer losses. June 13, MiG-21 unit intercepted a group of F-4, the second pair of MiGs made a missile attack and was hit by two F-4 and did not suffer losses.[6]
Over the course of the air war, between 3 April 1965[8] and 8 January 1973, each side would ultimately claim favorable kill ratios. A total of 1972 between American and Vietnamese planes took 201 air battle. VPAF lost 54 MiGs (including 36 MiG-21s and one MiG-21US) and they claimed 90 U.S aircraft were shot down (including 73 F-4 fighter and two spy RF-4C)[6]
U.S. Navy ace Randy Cunningham believed that he shot down a Mig-17 piloted by the mythical "Nguyen Toon" or "Colonel Tomb" while flying his F4 Phantom. However, no research has been able to identify Col. Tomb's existence; Cunningham most likely downed a flight leader of the 923rd Regiment. Legend states Col. Toon downed 13 US aircraft during his tenure.[9] Many North Vietnamese pilots were not only skilled but unorthodox, as Cunningham found out after making elementary tactical errors.[10] The resulting dogfight became extended. Cunningham climbed steeply, and the MiG pilot surprised Cunningham by climbing as well. Using his Top Gun training, Cunningham finally forced the MiG out ahead of him and destroyed it. In fact, there wasn't any pilot in VPAF named Nguyễn Toon, he was a fictional character of the American pilots and they often made jokes with the dissertation. As a goodwill of the American pilots, Colonel Toon was a combination of good pilots in Vietnam, like the "solo artist" lonely night bombing in World War II was called Washing Machine Charlie.
There were several times during the war that the U.S. bombing restrictions of North Vietnamese Airfields were lifted. Many VPAF (NVAF) aircraft were destroyed on the ground, and those that were not, were withdrawn to a sanctuary in the north west of the country or in China. In December 1972, the North Vietnamese air defences nearly exhausted their supply of surface-to-air missiles trying to down the high-flying B-52 raids over the North. The North Vietnamese Air Defense Network was degraded by electronic countermeasures (ECM) and other suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) measures. Though the North Vietnamese forces claim over 81 US aircraft as shot down during Operation Linebacker II, (including 34 B-52s, two attributed to the VPAF),[11][dubious ], U.S sources acknowledge only 27 aircraft lost by the Americans (including 15 B-52s).[12]
Within 12 days of the operation "Linebacker-2" (18–29 December), during the eight air battles were shot down seven U.S. aircraft (including four F4 Phantom) and three Vietnamese MiG-21.[6]
After the negotiated end of American involvement in early 1973, the No. 919 transport air group (Lữ đoàn Không quân vận tải 919), was formed; and equipped with fixed-wing aircraft, as well as helicopters (rotor-wing) in November.
During the 1975 Spring Offensive, the bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base, the only airstrike conducted by the VPAF, occurred on April 28, 1975, just two days before the Fall of Saigon. The operation was carried out by the VPAF's Quyet Thang Squadron, using captured A-37s aircraft flown by hero pilot Nguyen Thanh Trung who had bombed the Presidential Palace in Saigon, less than one month earlier before defecting to the north.
During the Vietnam War, NVAF used the MiG-17F, PF (J-5); MiG-19 (J-6), MiG-21F-13, PF, PFM and MF fighters.[1] They claimed to have shot down 266 US aircraft, and US claimed to have shot down or destroyed 204 MiGs aircraft and at least six An-2s, of which 196 were confirmed with solid evidence[citation needed] (100 MiG-17s, 10 MiG-19s and 86 MiG-21s). However, VPAF admits only 154 MiGs were lost through all causes, including 131 in air combat (63 MiG-17s, 8 MiG-19s and 60 MiG-21s)[13]). Like that, total kill ratio would be 1:1.3 to 1:2.[14][15] With the number of losses to MiGs confirmed by US (121 aircraft shotdown and 7 damaged[14][15]), the kill ratio turn 1.6:1 against the MiGs, or 1.1:1 even accepting the VPAF's figure of only 131 in air combat. However, this ratio does not include the number of ARVN's aircraft shot down by VPAF (One source claims 72 ARVN's aircraft were shot down by VPAF[16])
1975–present (reunified Vietnam)[edit]
The VPAF did not play a major role during the Ho Chi Minh Campaign in 1975. The only sorties flown were conducted by five captured VNAF A-37s. SA-2s were transported into South Vietnam to counter possible US military air strikes. The US could not bring back their air power during the 1975 offensive, which had proven decisive in 1972, and the VNAF did not have the capability to strike targets in the north nor to defend against the onslaught in the south.
After the end of the Vietnam War (called the American War in Vietnam) in May 1975, more regiments were formed. No. 935 fighter regiment "Đồng Nai" and no. 937 fighter-bomber regiment "Hậu Giang", followed by no. 918 transport regiment "Hong Ha" and no. 917 mixed transport regiment "Đồng Tháp" were created in July 1975. In September 1975, the four newly created regiments were formed into the 370nd Air Division "Lê Lợi" and the 372nd Air Division "Hai Van" was formed, including among others the 925th fighter regiment.[1]
On May 31, 1977, the Vietnam People's Air Force (Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam) was separated from the Air Defense Force (Quân chủng Phòng không).[1]
When South Vietnam was overrun by PAVN forces on 30 April 1975, approximately 877 aircraft were captured by PAVN. Of that number, 41 were F-5s and 95 were A-37s.[17] When Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1979, former VNAF A-37s flew most of the ground support missions. These aircraft were more suited to the role than the MiGs. Former VNAF F-5Es, C-123s, C-130s, and UH-1s were used by the VPAF for many years after the end of the War.
In the years between 1953 and 1991, approximately 700 warplanes, 120 helicopters, and 158 missile complexes have been supplied to North Vietnam by the USSR and PR China (primarily the MiG-19 (J6 series). Even today, three-quarters of Vietnamese weaponry has been made in post-Cold-War Russia.[18]
Today the VPAF is in the midst of modernization. It still operates late model MiG-21s, Su-22s, aircraft of the Cold War era.[19][20] However, it has recently been modernizing its air force with models of the Su-27-SK air superiority fighter following closer military ties, and an array of arms deals with Russia. To date, Vietnam has ordered and received 12 of these aircraft. In 2004, it also acquired 4 modified variants of the Su-30 MK2V, newer models of the Su-27. In May 2009, they have inked a deal to procure additional 12 aircraft from the Russian to bolster their aging fleet. The Vietnamese air force has also acquired new advanced air defense systems, including two S-300 PMU1 (NATO designation: SA-20) short-to-high altitude SAM batteries in a deal worth $300 million with Russia.[18]
A twin-engine light transport aircraft of the 918th Transport Regiment crashed into a field on the outskirts of the capital Hanoi (Thanh Tri District) on Tuesday morning 8 April 2008 during a training mission, killing five Vietnamese military pilots. The plane took off from Gia Lam Airport in Hanoi, Northern Vietnam, with five officers aboard for a training exercise. It crashed on its way back to the airport.
Aerial aces[edit]
In Vietnam War, many Vietnamese pilots had notable achievements, and were honored in as "aces".[21]
Name | Victories | VPAF Aircraft | Regiment | Service |
Nguyễn Văn Cốc | Eleven kills (nine aircraft and two UAV) | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1967–69 |
Mai Văn Cường | Eight kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1966–68 |
Nguyễn Hồng Nhị | Eight kills | MiG-21 | 921st/927th Fighter Regiment | 1966–72 |
Phạm Thanh Ngân | Eight kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1967–69 |
Đặng Ngọc Ngự | Seven kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1966–72 |
Nguyễn Văn Bảy | Seven kills | MiG-17 | 923rd Fighter Regiment | 1966–72 |
Lê Hải | Six kills | MiG-17 | 923rd Fighter Regiment | 1967–72 |
Lê Thanh Đạo | Six kills | MiG-21 | 927th Fighter Regiment | 1971–72 |
Lưu Huy Chao | Six kills | MiG-17 | 923rd Fighter Regiment | 1966–68 |
Nguyễn Đăng Kỉnh | Six kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1967–68 |
Nguyễn Đức Soát | Six kills | MiG-21 | 921st/927th Fighter Regiment | 1969–72 |
Nguyễn Ngọc Độ | Six kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1967–68 |
Nguyễn Nhật Chiêu | Six Kills | MiG-17/MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1965–67 |
Nguyễn Tiến Sâm | Six kills | MiG-21 | 921st/927th Fighter Regiment | 1968–72 |
Vũ Ngọc Đỉnh | Six kills | MiG-21 | 921st Fighter Regiment | 1966–70 |
Nguyễn Văn Nghĩa | Five kills | MiG-21 | 927th Fighter Regiment | 1972 |
About the other pilots, see Safarik's comprehensive list.[22]
Organizational structure[edit]
Air Force and Air Defense Divisions[edit]
The organizational levels of Vietnam People's Air Force, from highest to lowest are:
- High Command of Vietnam People's Air Force
- Air Division (Vietnamese: Sư đoàn không quân)
- Air Regiment (Vietnamese: Trung đoàn không quân)
- Air Flight (Vietnamese: Phi đội)
- Air Section (Vietnamese: Biên đội)
Air Division and Regimental Names of the VPAF[23] Recent base information is from the Vietnamese Wikipedia VPAF article.
Command | Division | Regiment | Name | Equipment | Base |
High Command of Air Defense and Air Force | 371st Air Force Division (Thăng Long Air Wing) |
931st Fighter | Yên Bái Squadron | Su-22M-4/UM-3K | Yên Bái Air Base |
921st Fighter | Red Star Squadron | Su-22M-4/UM-3K | Phúc Yên Air Base | ||
923rd Fighter-bomber | Yen The Squadron | Su-30MK2 | Tho Xuan Airport | ||
927th Fighter | Lam Son Squadron | Su-30MK2 | Kép Air Base | ||
916th Helicopter | Ba Vi Squadron | Mi-6, Mi-8, Mi-24D, Mi-171 | Hòa Lạc Air Base | ||
918th Air Transport | Hong Ha Squadron | An-2, An-26, An-30, M-28, C-295M | Gia Lam Airport | ||
372nd Air Force Division (Hai Van Air Wing) |
929th Fighter-Bomber | Son Tra Squadron | MiG-21 bis,Su-22M4 may temporarily be deployed to this airport, | Da Nang International Airport | |
930th Helicopter | Mi-8, Mi-171 | Da Nang International Airport | |||
940th Fighter/Air Training | Tây Sơn Squadron | Su-27SKM/UBK/PU | Phu Cat Airport | ||
370th Air Force Division (Lê Lợi Air Wing) |
937th Fighter-Bomber | Hậu Giang Squadron | Su-22M-4/UM-3K | Thanh Son Air Base | |
935th Fighter | Đồng Nai Squadron | Su-30MK2 | Bien Hoa Air Base | ||
917th Mixed Air Transport | Đồng Tháp Squadron | UH-1H, Mi-8, Mi-171 | Tan Son Nhat International Airport | ||
Air Force Officer School | 910th Air Training | L-39C | Dong Tac Airport | ||
920nd Air Training | Yak-52 | Nha Trang Air Base | |||
361st Air Defense Division (Ha Noi Air Defense Division) |
218th SA Artillery | Hoa Lư Regiment | ZSU-23-4, SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-9 Gaskin, SA-13 Gopher, SA-17 Grizzly, SA-20 Gargoyle, SA-22 Greyhound | Ha Noi | |
280th SA Artillery | Hong Linh Regiment | ||||
236th SA Missile | Song Da Regiment | ||||
250th SA Missile | Thăng Long Regiment | ||||
257th SA Missile | Red Flag Regiment | ||||
64th SA Missile | |||||
363rd Air Defense Division (Hai Phong Air Defense Division) |
240th AA Artillery | ZSU-23-4, SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-9 Gaskin, SA-13 Gopher | Hai Phong | ||
213th SA Missile | |||||
238th SA Missile | Hạ Long Regiment | ||||
285th SA Missile | Nam Trieu Regiment | ||||
365th Air Defense Division (Bac Thai Air Defense Division) |
228th SA Artillery | Ham Rong Regiment | ZSU-23-4, SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-9 Gaskin, SA-13 Gopher, SA-6 Gainful | Bắc Giang | |
267th SA Missile | Dien Bien Regiment | ||||
284th SA Missile | Song La Regiment | ||||
375th Air Defense Division (Da Nang Air Defense Division) |
224th SA Artillery | To Vinh Dien Regiment | SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-6 Gainful | Da Nang | |
275th SA Missile | Soc Son Regiment | ||||
282nd SA Missile | Tam Giang Regiment | ||||
377th Air Defense Division (Khanh Hoa Air Defense Division) |
591st SA Artillery | Truong Son Regiment | SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-6 Gainful, SA-17 Grizzly, SA-22 Greyhound | Cam Ranh | |
274th SA Missile | Hung Vuong Regiment | ||||
367th Air Defense Division (HCMC Air Defense Division) |
230th SA Artillery | Thong Nhat Regiment | SA-2 Guideline, SA-3 Goa, SA-6 Gainful, SA-20 Gargoyle | Ho Chi Minh city | |
261st SA Missile | Thanh Loa Regiment | ||||
263th SA Missile | Quang Trung Regiment | ||||
276th SA Missile | |||||
93rd SA Missile |
Some airbases in the south were built by the French, Japanese* (World War II), United States Air Force or United States Navy for South Vietnam. The northern bases were likely built with assistance and/or use by the French, China or Soviet Union during the Vietnam War.
- Kép Air Base (VVKP)
- Bien Hoa Air Base (VVBH/VBH)
- Đồng Hới Airport (VVDH/VDH)
- Hòa Lạc Air Base (VVHL/VHL)
- Gia Lam Airbase (VVGL/VGL)
- Anh Son Airfield
- Thanh Son Airbase (VVPR/VPR)
- Tho Xuan Airport – (VVTX) training school for Vietnam fighter pilot.
- Truong Sa Airfield (VVSA)
- Tan Son Nhut Air Base (VVTS)
- Yên Bái Air Base – (VVYB) training school for Vietnam fighter pilot.
- Cam Ranh Airport (VVCR/CXR) – open for commercial flights in 2005
- Vũng Tàu Airfield (VVVT) operates for offshore helicopter services
- Cần Thơ Airfield – (VVCT/VCA) open and upgrade for logistic support air group.
- Phúc Yên Air Base – 921st Fighter Regiment
- Nha Trang Air Base
Air Force Museum[edit]
There are two Air Force museums in Vietnam: Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Hanoi and Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Ho Chi Minh City.
Service branches[edit]
Aircraft | Air Defense Missiles | Air Defense Artillery | Paratroops | Radar Surveillance |
Table of Ranks[edit]
Rank of Commander of Vietnam People's Air Force usually is Lieutenant General. Colonel General is very rarely used.
Level | Ranks | Translation | Insignia |
Flag Officers Sĩ quan cấp Tướng |
Thượng tướng | Colonel General | |
Trung tướng | Lieutenant General | ||
Thiếu tướng | Major General | ||
Field Grade Officers Sĩ quan cấp Tá |
Đại tá | Senior Colonel | |
Thượng tá | Colonel | ||
Trung tá | Lieutenant Colonel | ||
Thiếu tá | Major | ||
Company Grade Officers Sĩ quan cấp Úy |
Đại úy | Captain | |
Thượng úy | Lieutenant | ||
Trung úy | Sub-lieutenant | ||
Thiếu úy | Ensign | ||
Officer cadets Học viên Sĩ quan |
Học viên Sĩ quan | Officer Cadet | |
Non-Commissioned Officers Hạ sĩ quan |
Thượng sĩ | Sergeant Major | |
Trung sĩ | Sergeant | ||
Hạ sĩ | Corporal | ||
Seamen Chiến sĩ |
Binh nhất | Airman First Class | |
Binh nhì | Airman |
Aircraft inventory[edit]
Most of the VPAF's aircraft were supplied from the Soviet Union and PRC, but hundreds were left over by the United States via the Republic of Vietnam, most of which are no longer in service.
Photo | Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service | Notes |
Trainer aircraft | ||||||
Aero L-39 Albatros | Czechoslovakia | Trainer | L-39C[24] | 26[25] | Subsonic jet trainer | |
Yakovlev Yak-52 | Soviet Union | Trainer | Yak-52 | 36 | Basic trainer aircraft. Version Iak-52 Trainer aircraft 2014 Assembled from kits in Viet Nam, delivery 2016–2018. Option on 24 more | |
Combat aircraft | ||||||
Sukhoi Su-30MK2 | Russia | Multi-role fighter | Su-30MK2 |
36[26][27][28] | Russia completes delivery of all Su-30MK2 to Vietnam Air Force[28] | |
Sukhoi Su-27 | Russia | Air superiority fighter | Su-27SK/UBK[29] | 12[26] | Su-27SK: 7 Su-27UBK: 5 [30] |
Sukhoi Su-22 | Soviet Union | Ground attack | Su-22M3 Su-22M4 Su-22UM3K |
36[26][31] | Flight Global reported that 38 aircraft in service as 2014.Two aircraft crashed in April 2015.[32] At least 50+ in storage 54 Su-22M3/M4 were upgrade in 1998 |
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 | Soviet Union | Air superiority fighter | MiG-21Bis | 144[26] | Flight Global reported that 144 aircraft in service as 2014 100 MiG-21 has the Bison upgrade package from India. This is the latest upgrade package of this aircraft |
Transport aircraft | ||||||
EADS CASA C-295 | Spain | Transport | C-295M | 1 | 2 on order[33] | |
Antonov An-24 | Soviet Union | Transport | An-24 | unknown | ||
Antonov An-26 | Soviet Union | Transport | An-26 | 30[34] | ||
Antonov An-2 | Poland | Light transport | An-2TD | 15 | ||
PZL M28 Skytruck | Poland | Light transport | M-28 | 11 | In 2005, Vietnam bought 12 PZL M28-1Rs (M-28B) from Poland. In November 2005, 1 PZl M-28 of VPAF crashed in Gia Lam district, Hanoi. All three crewmembers died.[35] | |
Helicopter | ||||||
Mil Mi-8 | Soviet Union | Transport helicopter | Mil Mi-8 | 70 | ||
Mil Mi-17 | Russia | Transport | Mil Mi-17/171 | 68 | ||
Mil Mi-24 | Soviet Union | Attack helicopter | Mi-24A/D | 36 | ||
UH-1H Huey | United States | Utility | UH-1H | 14[25] | ||
Eurocopter Dauphin | France | SAR helicopter | SA-365 N2 | 6 | From the Ministry of Defence | |
Aérospatiale Super Puma | France | Civilian transport | AS-332L2 | 8 | From the Ministry of Defence. One Super Puma operated by Southern Service Flight Company (SFC) was lost in sea transportation mission for offshore platform in 2007. | |
Miscellaneous Aircraft | ||||||
AV.UAV.SM1[36] | Vietnam | UAV | unknown | unknown | ||
AV.UAV.S1 | Vietnam | UAV | unknown | unknown | ||
AV.UAV.S2[37] | Vietnam | UAV | unknown | unknown | ||
AV.UAV.S3 | Vietnam | UAV | unknown | unknown | ||
AV.UAV.S4 | Vietnam | UAV | Unknown | unknown | ||
M-400 UAV | Vietnam | UAV | M400-CT | Currently used for air defenses training purpose. | ||
VT Patrol | Vietnam | UAV | Unknown. | Tested in 2013, VT Patrol aircraft capable of flying at speeds of 100 to 150 km / h, 50 km distance operations, reconnaissance in full HD camera. The aircraft also operate slopes in inclement weather with temperatures about 10 °C, cloudy., . | ||
VNS-41 | Vietnam | Amphibious | VNS-41 | 12 | Domestic produced light plane type ULM with floatation devices. |
Air Defence[edit]
Photo | Name | Origin | Type | Versions | No. of launchers | No. of missiles | Notes |
Air Defence Missile | |||||||
SA-20 Gargoyle (S-300) |
Russia | long range SAM system | S-300PMU-2 | 2 batteries, 12 launchers[18] | 75 missile | Fully upgraded. | |
SA-17 Grizzly (Buk-M2E) |
Russia | medium range SAM system | Buk-M2E | 6 batteries, 36 launchers | 200 9M317 missiles | Recently put on active duty. | |
SA-3 Goa (S-125 Neva/Pechora) |
USSR | surface-to-air missile | S-125 Pechora 2TM (upgraded version of SA-3) | 30+ systems | Unknown | ||
SA-2 Guideline (S-75 Dvina) |
USSR | surface-to-air missile | S-75 Volga 2MV (upgraded version of SA-2) | 30+ systems | 1000+ missiles | ||
SA-6 Gainful (2K12 Kub) |
USSR | surface-to-air missile | SA-6 MV | 10+ systems | 1600 missiles | ||
SA-13 Gopher (Strela-10) |
Russia | surface-to-air missile | Strela 10M3MV | 20 launchers | 200 missiles | Licensed produced in Vietnam | |
SA-7 Grail (Strela-2) |
Russia | Man-portable surface-to-air missile launcher | Strela 2M | 100 launchers | 350 missiles | ||
SA-24 Grinch (Igla) |
Russia | Man-portable surface-to-air missile launcher | Igla-S | 50 launchers | 400 missiles | Licensed produced in Vietnam | |
Air Defence Artillery | |||||||
ZSU-23-4 | USSR | SPAAA | ZSU-23-4M | 100 systems[38] | |||
57 mm AZP S-60 | USSR | AAA guns | S-60 | 250 | |||
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) | USSR | AAA guns | Twin barrel version | At least 260 | Indigenously produced in Vietnam | ||
ZU-23-2 | USSR | AAA guns | 2500 | ||||
ZPU-4 | USSR | AA Machine gun | 1300 |
Photo | Name | Origin | Type | Versions | Launch platform | Number of missiles | Notes |
AS-13 Kingbolt | Russia | anti-ship missile | Kh-59MK Kh-59MK2 Kh-59ME |
Su-30MK2 |
280 missiles | ||
AS-17 Krypton | Russia | anti-ship missile | Kh-31A Kh-31P Kh-31AM Kh-31PD |
Su-30MK2 Su-27SKM |
80 missiles[39] 100 more on order |
delivery in 2012[40] | |
AS-14 Kedge | Russia | anti-ship missile | Kh-29T Kh-29TE |
Su-30MK2 Su-27SKM Su-22M4 |
100 missiles | [41] | |
AA-10 Alamo | Russia | air-to-air missile | R-27ER R-27R R-27ET R-27T |
Su-30MK2 Su-27 |
– | [42] | |
AA-11 Archer | Russia | air-to-air missile | R-73 | Su-30MK2 Su-27 |
– 250 missiles[39] | [42] | |
AA-12 Adder | Russia | air-to-air missile | RVV-AE | Su-30MK2 Su-27SKM |
– | .. | |
AS-10 Karen | Russia | anti-ship missile | Kh-25ML Kh-25MP/Kh-25MPU Kh-25MR |
Su-22M4 | |||
AS-9 Kyle | USSR | anti-ship missile | Kh-28E | Su-22M4 | [43] | ||
AA-2 Atoll | USSR | anti air-to-air | R-3S | Mig-21 | |||
AA-8 Aphid | USSR | anti air-to-air | R-60 | Mig-21 |
- Czechoslovakia Zlín Z-226 Trener – basic trainer (8)
- Czechoslovakia Aero Ae-45 – trainer (3)
- Czechoslovakia Aero L-29 Delfin – jet trainer (12)
- USSR Lisunov Li-2 Cab – transport (24)
- USSR Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle – medium bomber (16)
- USSR Ilyushin Il-14 Crate – transport (45)
- USSR Ilyushin Il-18 Coot – transport (7)
- USSR Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot – jet fighter (50)
- USSR Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fresco – jet fighter (77)
- USSR Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19 Farmer – jet fighter (45)
- USSR Sukhoi Su-7 Fitter- fighter-bomber (30)
- USSR Yak-40 Codling – transport (15)
- USSR Mi-4 Hound – VIP transport – (1) – used as Ho Chi Minh's transport helicopter.
- Poland Mil Mi-2 Hoplite Hoplite – light helicopter (24)
- United States Douglas A-1 Skyraider – prop attack aircraft (21)
- United States Sikorsky CH-34 Choctaw – helicopter (34)
- United States Cessna A-37 Dragonfly – jet attack aircraft (95)
- United States Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter – supersonic light fighter (8 that haven't been auctioned off)
- United States Northrop F-5E Tiger II – supersonic light fighter (1) – Lt. Nguyễn Thành Trung was pilot when he bombed the Republic South Vietnam Presidential Palace on morning of April 5, 1975 then fled to Phước Long airfield where he was received by North Vietnam Forces.
- United States Northrop F-5B Freedom Fighter – supersonic trainer (3)
- United States Douglas C-47 Skytrain – transport & gunship (16)
- United States Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar – medium transport (5) – 1 gunship lost with crews, in battle on April 29, 1975, Captain Trang văn Thắng was pilot
- United States Lockheed C-130 Hercules – medium transport (4)
- United States Boeing CH-47 Chinook – heavy-lift helicopter (23)
- United States Cessna O-1 Bird Dog – army co-operation/light recon (19)
- United States North American T-28 Trojan – basic trainer/light attack (14)
- United States Cessna T-37 Tweet – jet trainer (9)
- United States UH-1 Iroquois – helicopter (42) – except 15 UH-1H still in flight
Some jet fighters (F-5s and A-37s) were auctioned in 1998, and are currently owned by private companies, and individuals in America, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe.
The current procurement plan of the VPAF is to equip up to 3 regiments with 3 x 12 Sukhoi Su-30 "Flanker" until 2015. VPAF already upgraded its air defense system with more effective missile system such as Buk missile system and Pantsir-S1 system. Vietnam may be the third customer to buy the S-400 Triumf missile system around 2017[44]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vietnam People's Air Force. |
- Battle of Phou Pha Thi, (Northeastern Laos, 12 January 1968)
- Republic of Vietnam Air Force
- Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Hanoi
- Vietnam People's Air Force Museum, Ho Chi Minh City
- Colonel Nguyen Toon
- ^ Captain Van Coc had only scored 9 victories during his meeting with Ho Chi Minh in 1969, he scored 2 USAF reconnaissance drones[2] in December of 1969, after Ho Chi Minh's death which occurred in September of that same year
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ivanov, S.V. (2000). "Boyevoye primenenye MiG-17 i MiG-19 vo Vietnamye (Боевое применение МиГ-17 и МиГ-19 во Вьетнаме)". Voyna v vozdukhye (16).
- ^ Toperczer (29) p. 86
- ^ Sander Peeters. "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 1 - www.acig.org". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2." ACIG. Retrieved: 25 August 2013.
- ^ "Vietnamese Aces – MiG-17 and MiG-21 pilots". Acepilots.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
- ^ a b c d e "Mig-21 against the Phantom".
- ^ "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ Anderton 1987, pp. 70–71.
- ^ Sherman, Stephen (October 2002). "Randy Cunningham". Acepilots.com.
- ^ Hall, George (1987). Top Gun: The Navy's Fighter Weapons School. Presido Press.
- ^ "Vạch nhiễu tìm thù hạ "ngáo ộp" B52". Tin nhanh Việt Nam ra thế giới (World News Vietnam) – Vietbao.vn. 23 December 2007.
- ^ See "Published Government Documents" and "Secondary Sources" below.
- ^ Migs over North Vietnam: The Vietnam People's Air Force in Combat, 1965–75, Stackpole Military History
- ^ a b ACIG Team (16 September 2003). "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 1". Indochina Database. Air Combat Information Group.
- ^ a b ACIG Team (16 September 2003). "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2". Indochina Database. Air Combat Information Group.
- ^ Aviaciya PVO Rossii i nauchno-technicheskii progress. Boevie kompleksi i sistemi vchera, segodnya, zavtra", E.A.Fedosova, Drofa, 2004
- ^ Toperczer (29) p. 80, 81
- ^ a b c Blagov, Sergei (5 September 2003). "Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam". Asia Times Online (Moscow).
- ^ "Su-17,-20,-22 FITTER (SUKHOI)". GlobalSecurity.org.
- ^ "MiG-21 FISHBED". GlobalSecurity.org.
- ^ Bowers, Al; Lednicer, David (17 May 1999). "Fighter Pilot Aces List". The Air University.
- ^ ŠAFAŘÍK, Jan Josef (20 December 2010). "VIETNAM: War In Vietnam".
- ^ MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units of the Vietnam War by István Toperczer
- ^ Flightglobal Insight | World Air Forces 2011/2012
- ^ a b "World Air Forces 2013". Flight International.
- ^ a b c d "Free download: World Air Forces directory 2014". The DEW Line. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Vietnam Received Two More Su-30MK2". December 12, 2014.
- ^ a b http://asian-defence-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/russia-completes-delivery-of-all-su.html
- ^ "Ukraine to Repair Engines of Vietnamese Su-27 Aircraft". July 23, 2013.
- ^ Reed Business Information Limited. "Multiple engine failure blamed for An-124 Irkutsk accident". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/world/asia/vietnamese-sukhoi-fighter-jets-collide-during-training/
- ^ http://indianexpress.com/article/world/asia/vietnamese-sukhoi-fighter-jets-collide-during-training/
- ^ "Vietnam Air Force Purchased 3 Transport Aircraft C-295". June 12, 2014.
- ^ "World Air Forces 2014", Flightglobal
- ^ http://phunutoday.vn/xahoiol/tieudiem/201111/Bao-Trung-Quoc-noi-ve-may-bay-tuan-tieu-M28-cua-Viet-Nam-2110299/
- ^ "Vietnam Successfully Tests First Unmanned Aircraft". May 5, 2013.
- ^ "Vietnam UAV Flying at Night, Facing the South China Sea". May 28, 2013.
- ^ "ZSU-23-4". Jane's Information Group. 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ a b "Thống kê hợp đồng mua sắm đạn dược của Việt Nam". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Việt Nam mua tên lửa chống hạm siêu âm cho Su-30MK2" [The Philippines bought supersonic anti-ship missile for Su-30MK2]. VietnamDefence.com. 18 July 2008.
- ^ "Soviet Missiles: Air-to-Surface Missiles".
- ^ a b "Vietnam Arranges Event for Media for the Su-30MK2 Missile". April 1, 2013.
- ^ Kopp, Dr Carlo (August 2009), Soviet/Russian Tactical Air to Surface Missiles (Technical Report APA-TR-2009-0804), Air Power Australia (http://www.ausairpower.net)
- ^ "Việt Nam là khách hàng mua S-400 thứ ba" [Vietnam is the third S-400 buyer]. Vietnam Press (baodatviet.vn). 24 March 2012.
Published Government Documents
- Boyne, Walter J. (May 1997). "Linebacker II". Air Force Magazine 80 (11).
- Gilster, Herman L. The Air War in Southeast Asia: Case Studies of Selected Campaigns. Maxwell Air Force Base AL: Air University Press, 1993.
- Head, William P. War from Above the Clouds: B-52 Operations During the Second Indochina War and the Effects of the Air War on Theory and Doctrine. Maxwell AFB AL: Air University Press, 2002.
- McCarthy, Brig. Gen. James R. and LtCol. George B. Allison, Linebacker II: A View from the Rock. Maxwell Air Force Base AL: Air University Press, 1979.
- Nalty, Bernard C. Air War Over South Vietnam: 1969–1975. Washington, D.C.: Center of Air Force History, 1995.
- Schlight, John, A War Too Long. Washington, D.C.: Center of Air Force History, 1993.
- Tilford, Earl H. Setup: What the Air Force Did in Vietnam and Why. Maxwell Air Force Base AL: Air University Press, 1991.
- Thompson, Wayne, To Hanoi and Back: The U.S. Air Force and North Vietnam, 1966–1973. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002.
Secondary Sources
- Asselin, Pierre, A Bitter Peace: Washington, Hanoi and the Making of the Paris Agreement, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
- Ambrose, Stephen E., The Christmas Bombing in Robert Cowley, ed. The Cold War: A Military History, New York: Random House, 2005.
- Casey, Michael, Clark Dougan, Samuel Lipsman, Jack Sweetman, Stephen Weiss, et al., Flags Into Battle. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1987.
- Dorr, Robert. Boeing's Cold War Warrior: B-52 Stratofortress. Osprey Publishing, 2000. ISBN 978-1-84176-097-1
- Drendel, Lou, Air War over Southeast Asia: Vol. 3, 1971–1975. Carrollton TX: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1984.
- Hobson, Chris, "Vietnam Air Losses USAF/NAVY/MARINE, Fixed-wing aircraft losses Southeast Asia 1961–1973. 2001. ISBN 1-8578-1156
- Karnow, Stanley, Vietnam: A History. New York: Viking Books, 1983.
- Lipsman, Samuel, Stephen Weiss, et al., The False Peace: 1972–74. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985.
- Littauer, Raphael and Norman Uphoff, The Air War in Indochina. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.
- McCarthy, Donald J. Jr. MiG Killers: A Chronology of US Air Victories in Vietnam 1965–1973. North Branch, Minnesota: Speciality Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-58007-136-9.
- Morocco, John, Rain of Fire: Air War, 1969–1973. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1985.
- Pribbenow, Merle L.(trans) Victory in Vietnam: The Official History of the People's Army of Vietnam. University Press of Kansas, 2002. ISBN 0-7006-1175-4
- Zaloga, Steven J. Red SAM: The SA-2 Guideline Anti-Aircraft Missile. Osprey Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84603-062-8
External links[edit]
- Vietnamese's Air-to-Air Victories
- Vietnamese Aces
- Vietnam Air Force Museum
- Ace Pilots North Vietnam Aces


text:
NIST Authors in Bold
Author(s): | J Y. Kim; U Paik; Vincent A. Hackley; |
Title: | Rheological and Electrokinetic Behavior Associated with Concentrated Nanosize Silica Hydrosols |
Published: | May 01, 2005 |
Abstract: | We report that concentrated fumed silica nanosols exhibit anomalous rheology with regards to predictions based on DLVO theory. Despite a high electrokinetic potential at pH 8, fumed silica not only exhibits rheologicl behavior normally indicative of an unstable suspension but also the rheology does not have the expected dependence on ionic strength. In this study, experimental measurements and simple geometric considerations are used to clarify the influence of solids loading and the electrical double-layer on the rheological behavior of concentrated silica nanosols, and to compare their behavior with that of much larger silica microspheres. |
Citation: | Materials Chemistry and Physics |
Volume: | 91 |
Issue: | 1 |
Pages: | pp. 205 - 211 |
Keywords: | cmp slurries,colloidal silica,dynamic mobility,electrokinetics,fumed silica,nanosol,particle interactions,rheology,silica |
Research Areas: | Nanostructured Materials |


text:
InterCity Palmerston North
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Highest burden of proof in a criminal case, placed normally on the prosecution. Because under common law the defendant is presumed innocent, his or her guilt must be proven to the entire satisfaction of the judge or jury. This term, however, does not imply 'beyond a shadow of a doubt.' If the evidence is so strong that there is only a remote possibility (and no probability) of an extenuating circumstance, the guilt is then deemed to have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Whether the same level of proof is required also in civil cases is still a matter of debate.
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text:
North Jeolla
From Wikivoyage
North Jeolla is a province in South Korea.
- Imsil
- Jeonju
- Muju
- Namwon - the hometown of important Korean classical literature, such as Chunhyangjeon and Heungbujeon. Chunhyangjeon was written for Pansori at first but people also met the story as a novel. It is a representative love story of Korea written in the Joseon (1392 1910) period. Namwon is also a background of the story of Heungbujeon, one of the top Korean classical literature.
- Gimje - the location of Geumsansa, one of South Korea's most famous Buddhist temples
Other destinations[edit]
Get in[edit]
Get around[edit]
- See the Gochang dolmen sites which together with the ones in Hwasun and Ganghwa are highly praised for their archaeological worth, and added to the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage list in 2000.
- Visit Namwon to see the Gwanghallu garden, which is the representative traditional garden built in the middle years of Joseon dynasty(1392-1910). Chunhyang first met her love, Lee Mong ryong, here. You can enjoy the beautiful view of nature.
- Visit Naejangsan Temple in Jeongeup.
- Ski in Muju
- Maple Leaf Festival in Jeongup
- Chueotang (추어탕), a spicy, hearty stew made from minced loach (mudfish), potatoes, mushrooms, rice cakes and anything else lying around. A speciality of Namwon, where July 5 is "Chueotang Day".


text:
Scrabble word: PANDA
In which Scrabble dictionary does PANDA exist?
Definitions of PANDA in dictionaries:
- noun - large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet
- noun - reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore
- A rare, bearlike mammal (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) of the mountains of China and Tibet (Xizang), having woolly fur with distinctive black and white markings.
- A small, raccoonlike mammal (Ailurus fulgens) of northeast Asia, having reddish fur, white face markings, and a long ringed tail.
- noun - a carnivorous mammal
There are 5 letters in PANDA: A A D N P
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to PANDA
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word PANDA plus a wildcard: PANDA?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word PANDA
Images for PANDA
Other Resources
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text:
Click here to view the item | |
Creator: | Riffel, Brent E. |
Title: | Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR) |
Date: | 1954-present |
Description: | Entry on the organization the Arkansas Council on Human Relations (ACHR), founded in 1954 in the reorganization of the Arkansas branch of the Southern Regional Council. The ACHR was a major contributor to desegregation of public schools and businesses in Arkansas. The Civil Rights Digital Library received support from a National Leadership Grant for Libraries awarded to the University of Georgia by the Institute of Museum and Library Services for the aggregation and enhancement of partner metadata. |
Types: | Articles |
Subjects: | Darragh, Fred K., 1916-2003 | School integration--Arkansas | Southern Regional Council | Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.) | Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.) | Civil rights movements--Arkansas | Arkansas |
Collection: | Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture |
Institution: | Richard C. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies |
Contributors: | Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture |
Online Publisher: | [Little Rock, Ark.] : The Central Arkansas Library System | 2006-04-04 |
Rights and Usage: | copyright Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture 2007 |
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We're a team of senior strategic and creative thinkers with broad experience working at international agencies. Our collective background spans packaged goods, business-to-business, automotive, financial services, retail, airlines, travel, telecom, government and more.
Our mainstream agency experience includes global and national brands at agencies like BBDO, Grey, Maclaren McCann, DDB, Wunderman, Darcy Masius, Lowe and Publicis. Our top executives have worked in the UK, Australia, Middle East, India, and Canada.
Whether it is leveraging cultural insights at the key steps in the consumer's path to purchase, or producing relevant and engaging creative that helps your brand truly resonate, our focus on strategy drives everything we do.
Years of experience in developing brand strategies and integrated communications programs for some the largest national brands taught us the importance of understanding the big picture for your brand, for your overall corporate mission and your business goals.
At the same time we know how to bring the right balance between speaking to your audience in a culturally relevant voice and remaining true to your overall brand's character.
Our mainstream agency backgrounds ensure we bring the rigors and disciplines of planning and execution to even the smallest of assignments. You will receive the same level of excellence from your multicultural agency as you expect for your mainstream business.
Monsoon is flying high these days. In a recent search for a South Asian multicultural agency, Air Canada and J. Walter Thompson Toronto picked…
"We're in the business of changing consumer behaviour" Reprinted by kind permission of Can India News and their issue on March 18, 2015. Looking back…
Foreign-born residents' spending is growing much faster than native-born population's
Why shoppers aren't satisfied with ethnic food selection at mainstream grocers
From meal prep to career aspirations, Harbinger's Jennifer Lomax dishes on what makes the multicultural female unique.
Canada Mortgage & Housing Corporation appoints Monsoon following multicultural agency review. For new client CMHC, Monsoon Communications has developed an integrated multi-media marketing campaign…
Sachi Mukerji, President & Creative Director
Ramesh Nilakantan, Vice President, Client Services


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Infographic of the Day
Infographic of the Day: Egypt's Protest Network, Mapped With Google Pagerank
Someday in the near future, the chart you see below might be looked at as a hero's roll call — the same way that war heroes are listed at the sites of famous battles. Or, it might simply be useful to social scientists, hoping to understand the role Twitter played in bringing about the end of Hosni Mubarak's 30-year dictatorship. Either way, it's an astounding document of a once-in-a-lifetime event.
Created by Kovas Boguta, The Egypt Influence Network shows some of the most influential tweeters during the Egyptian uprising. And it's powered by the same mojo that drives Google.
Boguta, formerly a math whiz working for Wolfram Alpha, tells Co.Design that he started by hand picking a few Twitter accounts that were widely watched during the revolution. Then, he used algorithms to glean who those accounts were most connected to. And finally, he applied Google's Pagerank algorithm to the follower lists, to determine who was most important—and mapped the results, awarding bigger bubbles to the bigger players in the network. The English-speaking accounts are in blue, while those in Arabic are in red:
Of course, in the wrong hands and during the revolution, the chart would basically have been a hitlist for Mubarak's thugs. So Boguta, who was working on it during the uprising, has only published the chart now.
In hindsight, there are all kinds of sociological artifacts within it. For example, as Boguta notes, there's a group of accounts dominated by journalists and foreign-policy types; it takes several intermediaries before connecting with activists on the ground:
Boguta points out that this process of translation and aggregation is key. Moreover, it's also a form of protection: The sheer number of connections held by key players meant they couldn't simply be "disappeared" without anyone noticing.
The biggest bubble, unsurprisingly, belongs to Wael Ghonim, the Google executive who created the Facebook page that became a clearing house for protest organizers, and who became a symbol of the cause following his arrest and emotional reappearance on Egyptian TV.
And the Tweeters most isolated from the protesters? That would be the White House and the State Department. Which is probably good news for Egyptians anxious to own their own future—and good news to the U.S., which kept careful distance from the events as they unfolded.


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The best commentary is E. Courtney, A Commentary on the Satires of Juvenal (1980). Other useful interpretative books include Gilbert Highet, Juvenal the Satirist (1954, reissued 1962); William S. Anderson, Essays on Roman Satire (1982); and Susan H. Braund, Beyond Anger: A Study of Juvenal's Third Book of Satires (1988, reissued 2007).
Alternate title:
Decimus Junius Juvenalis