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Rick Rude
Rick Rude | |
Rude at an ECW television taping in 1997
Birth name | Richard Erwin Rood |
Born | [1] St. Peter, Minnesota |
December 7, 1958
Died | April 20, 1999[1] Alpharetta, Georgia |
(aged 40)
Professional wrestling career | |
Ring name(s) | Rick Rude[1] Ricky Rood The WCW Phantom[1] |
Billed height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)[2] |
Billed weight | 252 lb (114 kg)[2] |
Billed from | Robbinsdale, Minnesota[2] |
Trained by | Eddie Sharkey[1][3][4] |
Debut | 1982[3] |
Retired | 1994 |
Richard "Rick" Erwin Rood[1] (December 7, 1958 – April 20, 1999), better known by his ring name "Ravishing" Rick Rude, was an American professional wrestler who performed for many promotions, including World Championship Wrestling (WCW), the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW).
Rude wrestled from 1982 until his 1994 retirement due to injury, with a final match following in 1997. Among other accolades, he was a four-time world champion (three-time WCW International World Heavyweight Champion and one-time WCWA World Heavyweight Champion), a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion, and a one-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion. Rude also challenged for the WWF Championship and the NWA World Heavyweight Championship on pay-per-view.[5][6]
In 2012, Rude's physique was named by WWE.com as the greatest in company history; writer Kevin Powers described him as "the ring's most impressive physical specimen".[7] He was one of the four original members of D-Generation X in 1997, alongside Shawn Michaels, Triple H, and Chyna. On November 17, 1997, during the Monday Night Wars, Rude became the only person to appear on WWF Monday Night Raw and WCW Monday Nitro on the same night (as Raw was taped, while Nitro aired live).
Early life[edit]
Rude was born in St. Peter, Minnesota to Richard Clyde Rood and Sally Jean Thompson. He attended Robbinsdale High School in Robbinsdale, Minnesota with Tom Zenk, Brady Boone, Nikita Koloff, Curt Hennig, John Nord, Road Warrior Animal, and Barry Darsow, all of whom later became professional wrestlers.[8]
Professional wrestling career[edit]
Early career (1982–1986)[edit]
After graduating from Anoka-Ramsey Community College with a degree in physical education,[8] Rude trained as a wrestler under Eddie Sharkey.[4] He began wrestling in 1982 as Ricky Rood, a babyface jobber.[3] Rude lost his TV debut against Mid-Atlantic Champion Paul Jones on the November 20, 1982 episode of NWA World Wide Wrestling. He started with Vancouver's NWA: All-Star Wrestling before moving on to compete for Georgia Championship Wrestling and later the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association. Rude debuted on the May 28, 1983 episode of World Championship Wrestling, defeating Pat Rose with a dropkick. Gordon Solie interviewed Rude the following week, with Rude discussing transitioning from arm wrestling to pro wrestling and dropping weight to increase speed. He later left and joined the National Wrestling Alliance affiliate Jim Crockett Promotions where he and a variety of tag team partners feuded with The Road Warriors. He returned to Memphis in 1984, this time as "Ravishing" Rick Rude, an overconfident, arrogant heel managed by Jimmy Hart.[9] Rude feuded with Jerry Lawler and later his former partner, King Kong Bundy.[10][11]
Rude was hired by Championship Wrestling from Florida in December 1984, where he was managed by Percy Pringle. He defeated Pez Whatley for the NWA Florida Southern Heavyweight Championship on January 16, 1985 and lost it to Brian Blair on April 10, 1985. He captured the championship again on July 20, 1985, when he defeated Mike Graham in the finals of a Southern title tournament. He held the belt until October 2 of that year when he dropped it to Wahoo McDaniel, who was booking Florida during this time. While teaming with Jesse Barr, he won the NWA Florida United States Tag Team Championship on April 16, 1985, and feuded with Billy Jack Haynes and Wahoo McDaniel over the belts, losing the straps to McDaniel and Haynes on July 9, 1985.
In late 1985, Rude jumped to World Class Championship Wrestling along with Pringle, where he feuded with Kevin Von Erich and Chris Adams. During his time in WCCW, Rude captured the NWA American Heavyweight Championship on November 4, 1985. However, WCCW withdrew from the NWA on February 20, 1986, and changed its name to the World Class Wrestling Association. The NWA American Championship was renamed the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship while Rude was still holding the title. As a result, Rude became the promotion's first World Champion. After losing the title to Chris Adams in July 1986, he fired Pringle and briefly replaced him with his sister, Raven. He formed a short-lived tag team with The Dingo Warrior, but the Warrior turned on him and became a face.
Jim Crockett Promotions (1986–1987)[edit]
In September 1986, Rude returned to Jim Crockett Promotions and joined Manny Fernandez and his manager Paul Jones in their rivalry with Wahoo McDaniel.[12] Rude and Fernandez, known collectively as the "Awesome Twosome",[13] won the NWA World Tag Team Championship on December 6, 1986 from The Rock 'n' Roll Express,[14] and they began a feud that ended only when Rude left the promotion for the World Wrestling Federation in April 1987. To explain the sudden departure, Jim Crockett, Jr. aired a pre-taped non-title match where the Express defeated Rude and Fernandez and claimed that Rude had been injured as a result.
Rick also was a noted arm wrestler, finishing sixth in the world championships in Las Vegas in the light heavyweight division in 1983.
World Wrestling Federation (1987–1990)[edit]
Rude made his WWF debut in July 1987 as the newest addition to the Bobby Heenan Family. His first feud in the WWF was with Heenan's former muscle bound charge "Mr. Wonderful" Paul Orndorff (who Heenan had dropped after Rude joined the Family), before starting one of his most famous feuds with Jake "The Snake" Roberts.[15] Rude had a routine where, before the match, he would make a show of removing his robe while insulting the males in the crowd (usually calling them "Fat", "out of shape" or "sweathogs") and, after his victories, he would kiss a woman that Heenan picked from the fans.[10] One of Rude's trademarks was his specially airbrushed tights that he wore during matches. In one storyline, he tried to get Roberts' real-life wife, Cheryl, to comply (though not knowing when Heenan chose her that she was in fact the wife of Jake "The Snake"). After Mrs Roberts rejected him and revealed who she was there to see, Rude got angry (after she slapped him) and grabbed her wrist, berating her on the microphone when Roberts ran from the dressing room to make the save.[10] On another occasion during the Roberts/Rude feud, Rude came to the ring with a picture of Cheryl stenciled on the front of his tights. A furious Roberts charged the ring and stripped Rude, appearing to television viewers to leave him naked,[16] although the live audience saw him stripped to a g-string instead.
Through mid-1988 Rude continued to wear a second pair of tights under the one he wore to the ring, including during his match against the Junk Yard Dog at the inaugural SummerSlam at Madison Square Garden. During the match Rude had the JYD on his back and had climbed to the top turnbuckle. While up there he pulled down his tights to reveal a second with Cheryl Roberts printed on them. After hitting the Dog with a flying fist, he was attacked by Roberts who had seen the action from the dressing room. Roberts attack on Rude caused the JYD to be disqualified, giving Rude the win. Rude's feud with Roberts came to its conclusion when Roberts pinned Rude following a DDT during the 1988 Survivor Series.
Rude's next big feud was with The Ultimate Warrior and began in January at the 1989 Royal Rumble pay-per-view in a "Super Posedown" that ended with Rude attacking Warrior with a metal pose bar.[17] With help from Heenan, Rude won the Intercontinental Championship from the Warrior at WrestleMania V, before dropping it back to the Warrior at SummerSlam 1989, due in large part to interference from "Rowdy" Roddy Piper.[17][18] Rude then feuded with Piper, before resuming his conflict with the Warrior in the summer of 1990 after the Warrior had won the WWF Championship. The two battled in a cage at SummerSlam 1990; however, Rude failed to win the title and departed from WWF in October 1990.[19][20] This departure came right before he was scheduled to feud with the Big Boss Man, which had its potential start when Rude started to make degrading comments about The Boss Man's mother.[21]
World Championship Wrestling; retirement (1991–1994)[edit]
After spending a year wrestling in select shows in the independent circuit, as well as a July 1991 tour for All Japan Pro Wrestling, Rude returned to World Championship Wrestling, which had originally been Jim Crockett Promotions prior to being sold to Ted Turner in late 1988; he returned under a mask as The WCW Phantom at Halloween Havoc on October 27, 1991, unmasking himself later that night.[19] He led The Dangerous Alliance, consisting of himself, Paul E. Dangerously, Madusa, Arn Anderson, Bobby Eaton, Larry Zbyszko, and "Stunning" Steve Austin. On November 19, 1991, Rude defeated Sting for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship and engaged in a number of high-profile feuds, including one with Ricky Steamboat. At one point during their feud, Steamboat suffered a kayfabe broken nose in a gang attack.[22]
In 1992, Rude and Madusa left The Dangerous Alliance and feuded with Nikita Koloff. Rude challenged reigning WCW World Heavyweight Champion Ron Simmons on several occasions but did not defeat him. In December 1992, Rude suffered a legitimate injury and was forced to forfeit the United States Championship, thus ending his reign of nearly 14 months, a reign that still stands today as the second longest reign in the almost 40 year history of the title.[10] Rude returned alone in April 1993 and tried to reclaim the title from Dustin Rhodes, who had won it while he was injured. The title was eventually held up after several controversial finishes to matches between the two; although, Rhodes regained the title in a rematch.[23]
Rude switched his sights to the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, making his intentions clear on August 28, 1993, when he was the guest on then-champion Ric Flair's "A Flair For the Gold" talk segment.[11] Rude defeated Flair for the title in September 1993 at Fall Brawl.[24] As WCW had recently withdrawn from the NWA, WCW lost the rights to continue using the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. WCW created their own championship, dubbing it the WCW International World Heavyweight Championship, which Rude lost to Hiroshi Hase on March 16, 1994 in Tokyo, Japan.[24] Rude regained the title just eight days later in Kyoto, Japan.[24] After dropping the title to Sting on April 17, Rude pinned Sting on May 1 in Fukuoka to become a three-time champion.[24] Rude, however, injured his back during the match when, upon receiving a suicide dive at ringside, he landed on the corner of the raised platform surrounding the ring; unable to wrestle, he was stripped of the title (with the storyline excuse that he was found to have used the title belt as a weapon in the course of the match).[10][24] Rude retired shortly thereafter.[10]
Extreme Championship Wrestling (1997)[edit]
Rude collected on a Lloyd's of London insurance policy and did not appear in wrestling again until early 1997, when he joined Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) as a masked man who harassed Shane Douglas, at one point spanking Francine. He eventually unmasked and became a color commentator before later aligning himself, for a short time, with Douglas and his Triple Threat stable. In the main event of ECW Heat Wave 1997, Rude made a one-off return to the ring in a six-man tag team match, where he partnered with ECW mainstays Tommy Dreamer and The Sandman to face Jerry Lawler and ECW stars Rob Van Dam and Sabu. During the ECW versus USWA/WWF inter-company competition, Rude helped Lawler win matches against Dreamer and The Sandman.
Return to WWF (1997)[edit]
On August 11, 1997, Rude returned to WWF as the "insurance policy" of the D-Generation X (DX) stable (Shawn Michaels, Triple H, and Chyna).[25] As a member of DX, Rude never wrestled, but stayed ringside during the group's matches. He once again left WWF after the Montreal Screwjob at Survivor Series. According to Bret Hart, Rude stayed in the locker room during Bret's confrontation with Vince McMahon, later calling Eric Bischoff and informing him what had happened was in fact real. As Rude was not signed to a full-time contract with WWF, and was instead performing on a "pay-per-appearance" basis, Rude was able to negotiate a deal with Bischoff and WCW, in part due to his anger over the Montreal Screwjob.[13][26]
Return to WCW (1997–1999)[edit]
Rude appeared on both WWF Raw is War and WCW Monday Nitro on November 17, 1997. A mustached Rude appeared on Nitro, which was live, and proceeded to criticize Shawn Michaels, DX, and the WWF, calling the company the "Titanic" (a reference to Titan Sports, as WWF's parent company was then known, as the "sinking ship").[1] An hour later on Raw (which had been taped six days earlier), Rude then appeared with the full beard he had been sporting during his return to the WWF.[1][27] Rude also appeared on ECW's Hardcore TV during that weekend (November 14–16 as the show was syndicated differently depending on the market). Rude was still making ECW appearances while in D-Generation X.
In WCW, Rude became a member of the nWo, managing his friend Curt Hennig.[10] When the nWo split, Hennig and Rude joined the NWO Wolfpac,[28] and they tried to motivate Konnan to defeat Goldberg, who was undefeated at the time. When Konnan was defeated by Goldberg, Rude and Hennig attacked him, later joining nWo Hollywood, the rivals of the Wolfpac. By late 1998, both Rude and Hennig were off WCW TV due to injuries. Hennig had an ongoing leg injury that year, and Rude was thought to have had testicular cancer which later turned out to be a spermatocele. Curt Hennig returned to the nWo from his injury at Starrcade 1998 without Rude, who was still unable to appear. Rude left the company in early 1999.[29]
Rude died on April 20, 1999, at the age of 40 when he suffered from heart failure. He was survived by his wife, Michelle, and their three children. An autopsy report showed he died from an overdose of "mixed medications." [30]
At the time of his death, Rude was in training for a return to the ring.[29]
In his autobiography, Bret Hart has stated that Rude was one of his closest friends and despite his portrayal of an arrogant womanizer, Rude was a devoted family man who never took his wedding ring off even during matches; covering it up with tape
In wrestling[edit]
- Finishing moves
- Overhead gutwrench backbreaker rack[32] – 1987–1988
- Rude Awakening[2] (Delayed hangman's neckbreaker with theatrics)[31] – 1988–1994
- Signature moves
- Managers
- Jimmy Hart[9][34]
- Bobby Heenan[3]
- Paul E. Dangerously
- Madusa Miceli
- Paul Jones[12]
- Percy Pringle III[3]
- Raven (Rude's sister Nancy Natysin)[3]
- Wrestlers managed
- Nicknames
- "The Ravishing One"
- "Ravishing" Rick Rude[2]
- Entrance music
- "Smooth Operator" by Sade (WCCW)
- The Stripper (WWF)
- "Arms Of Fire" by Jim Horn (AJPW)
- "Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565" by Johann Sebastian Bach (as The WCW Phantom) (WCW)
- "Big Brother" (WCW; production theme)
- "Simply Ravishing" from the WCW Slam Jam Vol. 1 album (WCW)
- "The Stripper" by David Rose (ECW)
- "Simply Ravishing" by Harry Slash (ECW)
- "Turn up the radio" by Autograph (ECW)
- "Break It Down (V1)" by The DX Band, used November 10, 1997 (WWF; as a member of the D-Generation X)
- "Rockhouse" from the Focus Music library (WCW; as a member of the nWo)
Championships and accomplishments[edit]
- Pro Wrestling Illustrated
- Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (1992)[39]
- PWI ranked him No. 4 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992[40]
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter
- 5 Star Match (1992) with "Stunning" Steve Austin, Bobby Eaton, Larry Zbyszko, and Arn Anderson vs. Sting, Ricky Steamboat, Dustin Rhodes, Barry Windham, and Nikita Koloff (February 24, WarGames match, WrestleWar)
- Best Heel (1992)[39]
- Worst Worked Match of the Year (1992) vs. Masahiro Chono at Halloween Havoc
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Wrestler Profiles: Rick Rude". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e ""Ravishing" Rick Rude". WWE. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Oliver, Greg; Steven Johnson (2007). The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Heels. ECW Press. p. 208. ISBN 1-55022-759-9.
- ^ a b Fahey, Vince. "Rick Rude:Page One". Kayfabe Memories. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "WWF SummerSlam '90". Internet Wrestling Database. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
- ^ "WCW Halloween Havoc '92". Internet Wrestling Database. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
- ^ Powers, Kevin. The 20 most impressive physiques in WWE history: #1 "Ravishing" Rick Rude. WWE. September 24, 2012. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
- ^ a b Oliver, Greg; Steven Johnson (2007). The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Heels. ECW Press. p. 207. ISBN 1-55022-759-9.
- ^ a b Lawler, Jerry; Doug Asheville (2002). It's Good to Be the King...Sometimes. Simon & Schuster. p. 168. ISBN 0-7434-7557-7.
- ^ a b c d e f g Powell, John. "Rick Rude dies". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b Slagle, Steve. ""Ravishing" Rick Rude". The Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b Shields, Brian (2006). Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s. Simon & Schuster. p. 109. ISBN 1-4165-3257-9.
- ^ a b "Rick Rude Profile". WrestlingData. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b "NWA World Tag Team Title (Mid-Atlantic/WCW) history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "Wrestler Profiles: Paul Orndorff". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "Wrestler Profiles: Jake Roberts". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c "History of the Intercontinental Championship: Rick Rude's first reign". WWE. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "History of the Intercontinental Championship: Ultimate Warrior's second reign". WWE. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b Shields, Brian (2006). Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s. Simon & Schuster. p. 110. ISBN 1-4165-3257-9.
- ^ "SummerSlam 1990". WWE. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "Bobby Heenan". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ Lyon, Stephen (July 18, 2004). "WCW Wrestling Classics TV report featuring Steamboat-Rude-Madusa angle". Wrestling Observer Newsletter. Retrieved May 26, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ a b "NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f "WCW International World Heavyweight Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ Fahey, Vince. "Rick Rude: Page 2". Kayfabe Memories. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ Hart, Bret (April 24, 1999). "Heaven gains a champ". SLAM! Wrestling. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ Shields, Brian (2006). Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s. Simon & Schuster. p. 111. ISBN 1-4165-3257-9.
- ^ "The History of the New World Order". Wrestling Information Archive. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b "This day in history". PWInsider. April 20, 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
- ^ "Ravishing Rick Rude – Former WWF Wrestler Rick Rude". Allwwewrestlers.com. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
- ^ a b "Other arena's finishing movelist".
- ^ "Dark Pegasus Video Review: PrimeTime Wrestling (08.03.87)".
- ^ "Dunn's Countdown To Summerslam: Summerslam '89".
- ^ "Jimmy Hart profile". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
- ^ "NWA Southern Heavyweight Title (Florida) history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "NWA United States Tag Team Title (Florida version) history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "NWA/AWA Southern Heavyweight Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "NWA Mid-America/AWA Southern Tag Team Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ a b "Rick Rude: Awards". Pro Wrestling Illustrated. WrestlingData. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 1992". The Internet Wrestling Database. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
- ^ "NWA American Heavyweight Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "World Class Television Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
- ^ "WCWA World Heavyweight Title history". Wrestling Titles. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
Further reading[edit]
- Meltzer, Dave (October 2001). Tributes. Winding Stair Press. ISBN 1-55366-085-4.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rick Rude. |
- Rick Rude's profile on WWE.com
- Rick Rude at the Internet Movie Database
- 1958 births
- 1999 deaths
- 20th-century American male actors
- American martial artists
- American male professional wrestlers
- Cardiovascular disease deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
- D-Generation X members
- Masked wrestlers
- People from Robbinsdale, Minnesota
- Professional wrestlers from Minnesota
- Professional wrestling announcers
- Professional wrestling managers and valets
- The First Family (professional wrestling) members
- The Heenan Family members
- The New World Order (professional wrestling) members


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Results for "that's not how i imagined it"
NOTE: VIDEO IS NSFW DUE TO LEWD SEXY TALK AND LOTS OF MOANING. This is a video of Mario and Princess Peach finally consummating their relationship. I almost cried it was so romantic. But I didn't, because I'm a big boy and I wear big boy pants (I sobbed like a baby). Also, ... / Continue →

subset: commoncrawl


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« Bell Witch ready 'Longing,' schedule East Coast tour (dates) | Acid Problem released self-titled EP (stream it) »
photos by Dana (distortion) Yavin
Snoop Dogg @ The Wellmont Theatre 9/27/2012
Snoop Dogg (not Lion!) played two area dates at The Paramount in Long Island on September 26 and Wellmont Theater in Montclair on September 27. Pictures from the latter, including billows of smoke, moshpits (?), well-endowed dog costumes (??) and all adorn this post. NSFW?
In other news, it seems that Snoop's weed influence is going much further than fans and his son. Congrats go out to Snoop for being appointed to Obama's post as "Staff Chief of Joints" in the wake of his legalization of pot (not really). What are we talking about? The whole story is below in video form, along with more pictures from Wellmont Theater.
Comments (11)
I hope Billy Smith's parents don't read this blog and see he's been "hangin" with the black Montclair residents.
Posted by Anonymous | October 1, 2012 2:03 PM
I can't believe you're all disrespecting him by calling him Snoop DOGG - it's Snoop LION! Would you call Puff Daddy "Sean Hayes?"
Posted by Anonymous | October 1, 2012 2:27 PM
Q: What do you call this G?
A: Anything he wants to be called
Posted by Anonymous | October 1, 2012 2:41 PM
I'm laughing at the frowny baby in the picture and all of the people who take him and his band seriously.
Posted by Yahoo Registration | November 25, 2012 4:00 AM
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International Energy Agency forecasts weak 0.9 percent growth in 2013 global oil demandAFP March 14, 2013, 12:00 am TWN PARIS -- The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecast on Wednesday that global demand for oil would grow at a weak pace of 0.9 percent this year amid uncertainty generated by the U.S. budget negotiations, slower-than-anticipated Chinese business activity and chronically high unemployment in Europe.
The IEA's estimated nominal growth figure of 820,000 barrels per day contrasted with average growth in demand of 1.4 million b/d in non-recessionary years, a monthly report said. "The macroeconomic environment underpinning oil demand, as of yet, shows little sign of short-term improvement," the report said. "A string of recent developments, including the U.S. sequester, worsening Chinese business sentiment and continued deterioration in European employment lend support to the IEA's demand growth forecast," it added. Global supply inched up in February meanwhile by 90,000 barrels per day to 90.8 million barrels per day, owing in large part to higher OPEC output that resulted from increased Iraqi oil supply the agency said.


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The Crab and His MotherAn Old Crab said to her son, "Why do you walk sideways like that, my son? You ought to walk straight." The Young Crab replied, "Show me how, dear mother, and I'll follow your example." The Old Crab tried, but tried in vain, and then saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. |
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Go Kipper! Emily Kipp rides a strong race on her Kona Mountain Bike. Karl came down from Helena. Lot's of group riding last night. A big group massed at the front of the race. Karl, Bob, Owen, Toby, and Sam all took to the front. The second half of the race got slimmed down to Bob, Karl, and Sam. S.S. looked good for Thunder and took the victory. It was awesome to have KV down for the evening. The men's B race was also dominated by a strong group. Dillon and Beltz were on the front controlling affairs. Chris C. gets the award for best dressed. 3 weeks in a row he's rocked the mysterious pink cutoff. He's even got Goldberg doing it now.
Toby laid down an excellent course last night. One of the best I've ridden at the fort. Shout out to John Sieber who delivered another gem of an album front last night. Click here.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Wednesday Night #4 - Big Groups, Strong Riders
Posted by Shaun Radley at 10:20 AM 0 comments
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
24 Hours of Moab - Phil Reporting
Phil Grove went down to Moab this past weekend to compete in 24 Hours of Moab. Here is his race report.
2009 24 Hours of Moab/USA Cycling 24 Hour Nationals Headline: Dustin "El Bandito" Phillips assembles a Flathead Powerhouse Squad to rip apart rocks and riders!!!
Posted by Shaun Radley at 8:35 AM 0 comments
Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Rolling Thunder - Boys and Girls Club
Janice Fontaine is the Director of the Missoula County Boys and Girls Club. This year Rolling Thunder has teamed up with the Boys and Girls Club. All proceeds from the event will be donated to B & G's after school program. Janice was kind enough to write a short piece on the program and where your money will be used. Just $20 provides a child a week of after school activities!
Thank you so much for you support. The Boys & Girls Club of Missoula
County, the Positive Place for Kids and Teens!
Janis Fontaine
Executive Director
MIssoula Boys & Girls Club
Posted by Shaun Radley at 8:18 AM 0 comments
Monday, October 12, 2009
Sunday, October 11, 2009
Bozeman Saturday
Jesse Doll sent a little report last night from the race on Saturday.
AM temperature were in the low teens and not looking like things were going to warm up. Serious snow had blanked the Bozman area as well as cold temperatures. I was quite surprised by the number of folks that turned out despite the conditions. MSU cross was shaping up to be a fine day by the looks of it. The course had a great flow to it. Elevation, single track, short punchy climbs, tons of slop and snow! The Ladies race was won by Amy Fryckman, who took second overall in the mens 4 race, and the 4's was won by I think a guy from Victor, ID. The usually suspects turned out for the 1,2,3 with Curry taking the hole shot and never looking back. Pedal choice played a huge factor with the snow, freezing ice, and mud. 2nd was Fryckman, 3rd Morgan, 4th Vanderwood, 5th Frank, 6th JD and 9th Fiore. Great day for sure...looking forward to tomorrow!
Posted by Shaun Radley at 9:22 AM 0 comments


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I have an orange (about a wratten 15) and a yellow, (wratten 8) bayonet mount contrast filters. They are 82mm filters and come with a case for each. $60 shipped to con US.
Robert Hall www.RobertHall.com www.RobertHall.com/mobile Apug Portfolio Facebook Profile Technology is not a panacea. It alone will not move your art forward. Only through developing your own aesthetic - free from the tools that create it - can you find new dimension to your work.


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You are in: World: Europe | |||||
Tuesday, 7 August, 2001, 21:46 GMT 22:46 UK
Italian police seize Mafia boss
Italian police have arrested a crime boss convicted and then cleared of killing a leading anti-Mafia judge and his five bodyguards in a car bomb attack nine years ago.
Gaetano Scotto was detained at an address in the northern Italian town of Chiavari after detectives tapped a phone in an apartment where he was staying, police said. He had been on the run since Paolo Borsellini and his police guards were blown up outside Mr Borsellini's mother's home in the Sicilian capital, Palermo, on 19 July, 1992. A court convicted Scotto in his absence and sentenced him to life for the murders, although he was acquitted on appeal.
In January this year, another crime lord was arrested in connection with killing Mr Borsellini and another prominent anti-Mafia prosecutor, Giovanni Falcone. Benedetto Spera, who had been on the run for 30 years, was convicted in absentia for the murders and sentenced to life imprisonment. Mr Falcone, his wife and three bodyguards were killed in their car when a bomb blew up on a motorway outside Palermo The attack, two months before Mr Borsellini's murder, caused outrage among ordinary Italians who took to the streets in protest against the Mafia. |
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The Bestiary
, Homepage: Revenants 7th, Autor: siehe Artikel
The Bestiary which Simon Bray and myself have been working on is now complete. It covers the prominent nations of Théah and gives run downs on a whole host of creatures; both kindly and cruel. It's looking fairly impressive¸ don't you think?
, Homepage: Revenants 7th, Autor: siehe Artikel
Here you shall find all the Villains who will inflict their cruel machinations upon your helpless players. They are a varied lot¸ with brief descriptions and perhaps a reason or two for them to enter the lives of your Hero's. At present I'm working on a small cabal to through the players for a loop when they realise that he was just the first of too many!


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Two top-level executives have left Hyundai Motor India Ltd. (HMIL). The extended term of R. Sethuraman, Director of Finance and Corporate Affairs, has come to an end. As a consequence, he will move out of the company. "Sanjay Pillai, Vice-President, HR and GS, is moving on to pursue his academic interest in management and law,'' according to a statement released by Byungwan Ryu, Executive Director (Administration). In response to a question, he said "the organisation has no information of any other senior executives planning to discontinue their services, as of this instant.''
Keywords: Hyundai Motor India, organisational changes, Finance and Corporate Affairs Director R. Sethuraman, VP Human Resources Sanjay Pillai


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Aubrey O'Day Oversized Clutch
Aubrey paired her strapless, bow-embellished jumper with the tan and black, oversized "Suzi" clutch. The flap closure handbag was sophisticated and stylish. This is a very toned down look for the usually outrageous starlet.
Brand: Tory Burch
Brand: Tory Burch
Show Aubrey O'Day Looks With:
Oversized Clutch also worn by:
more Oversized Clutch looks »


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Alberto Callaspo Rumors
Wood's Time With Angels Running Out?
Eight years ago, Brandon Wood was a first-round pick (23rd overall) by the Angels. Five years ago, Baseball America dubbed him the third-best prospect in the game. He ranked 8th and 16th on that same list the following two seasons. Now, the 26-year-old Wood may be an organizational afterthought. According to Mike DiGiovanna of the Los Angeles Times, Wood's chances of making the Angels' roster are dim, barring a trade or release of fellow infielder Alberto Callaspo.
Wood hit just .146/.174/.208 last season through 243 plate appearances. He managed just six walks while striking out 71 times — more than 29% of his plate appearances.
Wood is now out of options, meaning he'd have to pass through waivers unclaimed for the Angels to re-assign him to the minor leagues. Despite his struggles, it's unlikely this would happen, as a rebuilding team (DiGiovanna speculates on Toronto, specifically) would give him a chance based on his track record as an elite prospect.
Despite a strong push over the past week in Spring Training (7-19 with 2 HR, a double, and a triple), Wood remains buried on the team's depth chart. Maicer Izturis and Callaspo are ahead of him at third base, Erick Aybar and Izturis are ahead at short, while the combination Kendrys Morales (who will open the year on the DL), Mark Trumbo, and Howie Kendrick are in front of him on the first base depth chart.
DiGiovanna speculates that a trade of Callaspo to a team in need of infield help, such as the Phillies, would create room for Wood to make the club. We heard last week though that the Phillies payroll is tapped out, and Callaspo is set to earn $2MM this season. A release of Callaspo's non-guaranteed contract would also create room. The Angels, however, would still be responsible for part of his salary and would be risking a somewhat known commodity for Wood's upside, which may never surface.
It seems likely that Wood's time as an Angel may be coming to a close, with either a trade or DFA coming in the near future, giving him a chance at a fresh start in a new organization.
Angels, Callaspo Avoid Arbitration
The Angels agreed to a one-year contract with Alberto Callaspo, avoiding arbitration, according to the team. The sides agreed to a $2MM deal, according to the AP (via the Miami Herald). The 27-year-old was arbitration eligible for the first time.
In 601 total plate appearances last year, Callaspo hit .265/.302/.374. He walks nearly as often as he strikes out (31BB, 42K) and can play second, third and, on occasion, the outfield.
As MLBTR's Arbitration Tracker shows, the Angels still have a full slate of arbitration eligible players: Erick Aybar, Howie Kendrick, Jeff Mathis, Kendry Morales, Mike Napoli, Jered Weaver and Reggie Willits.
Angels Acquire Alberto Callaspo
Bob Dutton of the Kansas City Star is reporting (via Twitter) that infielder Alberto Callaspo has been dealt from the Royals to the Angels in exchange for right-hander Sean O'Sullivan and minor league left-hander Will Smith.
Callaspo has a modest .275/.308/.410 line in 373 plate appearances this season, though that still represents a big upgrade over the .411 OPS of Brandon Wood, who has seen most of the action for the Halos at third base. Callaspo was originally signed by the Angels as a free agent in 2001, and spent four years in the club's system before being dealt to Arizona for Jason Bulger in 2006. With Callaspo now in L.A., it potentially opens up a spot at third base for Mike Moustakas should the Royals want to give their top prospect a look over the last two months of the season. Moustakas has an OPS of 1.067 in 326 plate appearances at Double-A and Triple-A this season.
O'Sullivan, 22, has spent most of his year at Triple-A Salt Lake City, where he has posted a 4.76 ERA in 15 starts. A third-round pick in the 2005 amateur draft, O'Sullivan was the Angels' organizational pitcher of the year in 2007 and has a 5.15 ERA in 17 career major league games (11 of them starts).
The Royals rejected a previous offer for Callaspo two days ago that consisted of O'Sullivan and "a fringe prospect," so presumably K.C. was more attracted to Smith, a seventh-round pick in the 2008 amateur draft. Smith has a 4.24 ERA and a 3.47 K/BB ratio in 55 games (52 of them starts) in the Los Angeles minor league system, though his numbers have worsened this season as he's been elevated from high-A ball to Triple-A.
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Alberto Callaspo | Kansas City Royals | Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | Sean O'Sullivan | Transactions
Angels Focused On Alberto Callaspo
The Angels don't have the resources to trade for a big-name slugger, so they have turned their attention to Alberto Callaspo. GM Tony Reagins is targeting the former Angels minor leaguer, according to Mark Saxon of ESPNLosAngeles.com.
Saxon reports that the Angels "are believed to have offered" Sean O'Sullivan and a fringe prospect for Callaspo, only to have Royals GM Dayton Moore turn the offer down. Callaspo, 27, has a .276/.310/.413 line this season and could play second or (more likely) third for the Angels.
Reagins considered pursuing Adam Dunn, but backed off when he realized that other teams only have "marginal interest" in the pitchers the Angels have in the upper minors. Top prospect Mike Trout is not going anywhere, though teams do have interest in him.
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Alberto Callaspo | Kansas City Royals | Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | Mike Trout
Royals Will Listen To Offers
Royals GM Dayton Moore told Bob Dutton of the Kansas City Star that the club has some "nice pieces" to market this summer. The 27-37 Royals have a number of players who might appeal to contenders and Moore is ready to listen, even though the Royals aren't actively looking to move players at this point.
"We'll evaluate what comes our way if anything does come our way," he said.
It wouldn't be surprising to see an offer or two for David DeJesus come the Royals' way. Dutton reports that clubs are already scouting the outfielder, who is hitting .314/.392/.479. DeJesus makes an affordable $4.7MM salary this year and there's a club option for $6MM in 2011 ($500K buyout).
If the Royals hold onto DeJesus, they could decline his option and offer him arbitration. If he turns down their offer to sign elsewhere, they would obtain at least one draft pick, possibly two. The promise of draft picks makes the Royals hesitant to deal him for a pedestrian return, but there are advantages to dealing now. DeJesus must climb into Type A territory under the Elias rankings system and decline arbitration for them to get two picks. Even if they get the picks, they would have to wait a year and pay each draftee about $1MM.
Rival teams could also have interest in Scott Podsednik, Jose Guillen, Kyle Farnsworth, Willie Bloomquist, Brian Bannister, Kyle Davies, Alberto Callaspo and Rick Ankiel.
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Alberto Callaspo | Brian Bannister | David DeJesus | Jose Guillen | Kansas City Royals | Kyle Davies | Kyle Farnsworth | Rick Ankiel | Scott Podsednik | Willie Bloomquist
Where Could Alex Gordon Go?
Let's face it: if the Royals aren't going to give Alex Gordon a chance to play regularly when they are 11-21, 10 games out of first, and weeks shy of Memorial Day, he has fallen out of favor with the club. After just 38 plate appearances, the Royals sent Gordon - the player they once selected him second overall - to Triple-A to make way for… Alberto Callaspo.
But Gordon, still just 26, is a career .320/.433/.577 hitter in the minor leagues. Clearly, some team should take a flier on Gordon as a possible long-term answer at third base. Which teams are best suited to do so, and how much is it likely to cost?
- The Phillies seem like an interesting landing spot for Gordon, though not at first blush. Placido Polanco, after all, is signed through 2012. But Gordon could be an upgrade from Greg Dobbs at the very least. If Gordon fulfills his promise, the Phils could attempt to deal Polanco. More to the point, Gordon seems to fit the Phillies' template- his acquisition would be akin to the buy-low on Jayson Werth- and Philadelphia has depth in the farm system. A couple of their secondary pitching prospects could get it done.
- The Orioles have a combined zero homers from Rhyne Hughes and Garrett Atkins, so Gordon could appeal to them as an option at first. Corner infield prospects Brandon Snyder and Josh Bell lurk in the minors, but with Miguel Tejada locked up for just one year, Gordon would provide the O's with depth and upside.
- The Athletics don't have a ton in the way of a present or future player blocking Gordon. Kevin Kouzmanoff is a decent option, but he hardly has Gordon's upside at this point. With a number of nearly-ready pitching prospects to integrate into a young staff, the Athletics could well deal from pitching depth for Gordon, too.
- The Padres are another possible landing spot, with Chase Headley unlikely to keep up his batting average-fueled start. San Diego has several third base prospects, including James Darnell, who Baseball America ranked as the organization's third-best prospect heading into the season. Still, none of the Padres prospects have even proven themselves at Double-A, so acquiring Gordon and giving him the chance to win the third base job wouldn't impact any of them in the short-term. It would also echo the acquisition of another buy-low, former top draft pick: Adrian Gonzalez. A package of one of the Padres' third base prospects and a pitcher should be enough to pry Gordon loose.
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Adrian Gonzalez | Alberto Callaspo | Alex Gordon | Baltimore Orioles | Chase Headley | Greg Dobbs | Jayson Werth | Kansas City Royals | Kevin Kouzmanoff | Oakland Athletics | Philadelphia Phillies | Placido Polanco | Ryan Howard | San Diego Padres
Discussion: Mike Aviles
Following a promising 2008 campaign in which he hit .325/.354/.480 and finished fourth in Rookie of the Year voting, Mike Aviles underwent Tommy John surgery last year. Now that he's playing again and working his way toward full health, a note in ESPN.com's Rumor Central (Insider only) speculates that he could become trade bait for Kansas City.
The Royals' incumbent starter at shortstop, a position where Aviles posted a +31.6 UZR/150 in 2008, is Yuniesky Betancourt. Aviles offers more upside than Betancourt, who displayed little value with the bat (.245/.274/.351) or the glove (-23.9 UZR/150) last season. However, Aviles' recovery from arm surgery has necessitated at least a temporary move to second base, where he'll compete for playing time with Alberto Callaspo and Chris Getz.
Presumably, the Royals are hoping Aviles builds up the arm strength needed for throwing across the diamond, taking away some of Betancourt's playing time at shortstop. Even so, the Royals may end up having more middle infield depth than they need, and GM Dayton Moore could consider moving Aviles or perhaps Callaspo, who was the subject of trade rumors earlier in the winter.
Are there any teams you see as a possible match for Kansas City? If you're a Royals fan, how would you like to see the club handle their potential middle infield surplus?
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Alberto Callaspo | Chris Getz | Discussion | Kansas City Royals | Mike Aviles | Yuniesky Betancourt
Baseball Blogs Weigh In: Matsui, Mariners, Callapso
On Christmas Day way back in 2001, Hideki Matsui became the highest paid player in Japanese baseball history, agreeing to a one-year contract worth $4.7MM with the Yomiuri Giants. In his seven-year (and counting) Major League Baseball career, Matsui has never earned less than $6MM annually.
Let's see what's being written around the blogosphere…
- River Ave. Blues takes a look at the economic impact of Matsui leaving the World Champs for the Angels.
- U.S.S. Mariner runs down some potential first base options for the Mariners, covering players available through trades, free agency, and those already in-house.
- It's About The Money, Stupid! compares Nick Johnson and Curtis Granderson to the two guys they're replacing, Johnny Damon and Matsui.
- South Side Sox provides some thoughts on Kenny Williams' busy offseason.
- Royals Authority says Kansas City needs an outfielder, and proposes a few deals centered around Alberto Callaspo.
- Viva El Birdos has some concerns about signing Matt Holliday to a long-term contract.
If you have a suggestion for this feature, Mike can be reached here.
Baseball Blogs Weigh In: Beltre, Wolf, Callaspo, Rule 5 Draft
On this date two years ago, the Tigers acquired Miguel Cabrera and Dontrelle Willis for six players including Cameron Maybin and Andrew Miller. Only one of the other four players, Burke Badenhop has yet to see significant playing time at the big league level. With this year's winter meetings set to begin next week more big players could be on the move. Let's take a look at what is being written in the Blogosphere…
- Jorge Says No! wonders if the smart move for Adrian Belte is to accept arbitration from the Mariners now that the Phillies no longer need a third baseman.
- Around the Majors explains why the Dodgers made a mistake in not offering arbitration to Randy Wolf.
- The Baseball Opinion looks back at how each team did with their '04 free agency compensation draft picks.
- Royals Authority makes a case for trading Alberto Callaspo.
- River Ave Blues wonders who could play left field for the Yankees if they don't land Johnny Damon, Matt Holliday or Mike Cameron.
- UmpBump looks at what the Astros need this off-season.
- MLB Notebook believes Justin Duchscherer would be a good fit for the Pirates.
- Bucco Fans previews the right-handed pitchers in the upcoming Rule 5 draft with Aneury Rodriguez of the Rays listed as one of the top options overall.
- DRaysBay looks at some relief pitchers that are available in the Rule 5 draft.
- We Should Be GMs examines the free agent market for relief pitchers and who might be a good fit for the Phillies.
- The Pinstriper looks back at what might have happened had the Yankees not re-signed Alex Rodriguez in '07.
Cork Gaines writes for RaysIndex.com. If you have a suggestion for this feature, Cork can be reached here, and followed on Twitter here.
Full Story | Comments | Categories: Adrian Beltre | Alberto Callaspo | Alex Rodriguez | Aneury Rodriguez | Baseball Blogs Weigh In | Houston Astros | Johnny Damon | Justin Duchscherer | Kansas City Royals | Los Angeles Dodgers | Matt Holliday | Mike Cameron | New York Yankees | Pittsburgh Pirates | Randy Wolf | Rule 5 Draft | Seattle Mariners


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Help! My survey is done!...
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Hey Kacper ! Congratulations...welcome to poverty
I am sure that you'll get a lot of info, but I'll throw in my two cents...
1. Propane heater has to be taken out. Too dangerous and wouldnt get insurance.
Take it out - not an issue unless you are planning on living on it. YOu can put one in later - properly vented with sniffers and solenoids etc.
2. New navigation lights(the old ones are out of date and would not get insurance coverage for the boat with just those ones)
This may or may not be the case - a lot of insurers are going to write your policy over the phone - they won't see the boat, and will insure it as is pending upgrades. You will have to replace them eventually - not hard to do - figure $300 to do it nicely
3. electric LPG switch for propane stove has to be implemented, right now it's just a screw off/on for the propane tank that controls the whole propane deal
Important - but not hard to do. A complete control system sells for about $350.00 at Defender. You can install it as long as you follow the directions properly.
4. Propane hose from the tank to the stove has to be replaced with an adequate rubber hose, the current one isn't meant for propane.
$50 and a half hour - part of number 3 above
5. Batteries don't have socks to cover the diodes. And they are just automotive batteries, not marine batteries, they are also not tied down properly.
I would go so far as to say that at least half of the boats sailing right now have car batteries in them rather than marine batteries. Upgrade when you can afford it. Tie downs are about $20 and maybe two hours to install.
6. Needs new fire-extinguishers
$200.00 or thereabouts for 2 decent ones - check out Defender, or you can go to a hardware store...
7. Needs a flare kit
You are going to have to buy one of these every few years - might as well start now...
8. Needs to VHF radio. Current one works but really old and has a car spaker wired to it to be able to work(the previous owner was a bit of a "do it myself handi- man)
Get an inexpensive handheld one for about $150.00
So that's it.
Now, the surveyor's main comments were "You're paying way too much for this boat" After he checked the market data, he came up with a fair market value of $7,800 for the boat. My intial offer was $12,000
My questions:
1. Do you guys think those things that need fixing will take a lot of work / money? If so, how much?
See above
2. I still like the boat, but I do not want to pay $12K for it if that is indeed the value of the boat. I'm thinking to put a lower post survey offer in now, how much do you think would be good? I'm thinking $8,500, is that even too high?
Start low. Get actual prices for the necessary upgrades. Look at Yachtworld and a couple of other sites to see what people are listing for...same boat/year...deduct 25% and that should give you a reasonable estimate of what they are actually selling for.
Is it in line with what your surveyor says ? If so, then yes - you take his value and you deduct the cost of the propane upgrades and the nav light upgrades from you offer. If he won't sell then keep looking.
If you surveyor's estimate seems low, then find out how familiar he is with your segment of the market. Ask around, ask him, whatever...if he usually surveys 100 foot diesel yachts, he might be a bit out of touch with smaller sailboats...
Good Luck - Keep posting !!
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Oracle9i Database Reference Release 1 (9.0.1) Part Number A90190-02 |
Initialization Parameters, 54 of 220
Parameter type |
Boolean |
Default value |
Parameter class |
Dynamic: |
Range of values |
enables Oracle to determine whether or not the DRMON (Disaster Recovery Monitor) process should be started. DRMON is a non-fatal Oracle background process and exists as long as the instance exists.
If the site is never going to be configured in a disaster recovery configuration, you can leave the parameter unspecified and accept the default value of false
. If the site is part of a disaster recovery configuration, automatic startup of the DRMON process is simplified by specifying DRS_START = true
in the initialization parameter file.
Copyright © 1996-2001, Oracle Corporation. All Rights Reserved. |


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NEWS BRIEFS Casteen speaks on the State of U.Va. April 10 Parking changes coming at U-Hall CLICK HERE FOR MORE NEWS BRIEFS
Headlines @ U.Va.
War voices raised, alert high Staff Report
The University community has joined the rest of the nation in moving to a higher state of alert and voicing strong opinions about the war being waged in Iraq.
Last weeks move to level orange, the second-highest alert status, was in sync with the federal governments upgrade on March 18 and followed a path similar to an earlier Code Orange status on Feb. 7.
Leonard W. Sandridge, executive vice president and chief operating officer, assured members of the University community in a message March 18 that there had been no identified threat to U.Va. or to the Charlottesville/Albemarle area. The University has taken steps to increase security on Grounds and at major events.
You should maintain a heightened sense of awareness of your surroundings, and call 911 to report any suspicious activities, packages or people, Sandridge advised students, faculty and staff.
Updates, resources and general information about the Universitys emergency preparedness are available at http://www.virginia.edu/emergency.
Through the first week of the war, reaction around Grounds ranged from vocal protest to quiet support, from scholarly debate to direct involvement.
As of Monday, six U.Va. employees had been called up from the reserves to active military duty, said Gary Helmuth, assistant director of HR Management Systems. Two are from Facilities Management, one each from the athletics department, the Darden School, the housing division and ITC. In addition, four from the Medical Center have been called.
Alan Cohn, U.Va.s director of Employee Relations who retired from the reserves two years ago, said the war affects not only the employees who are activated but also their families. He asked people to be sensitive in their encounters with family members. Because they dont live a military life every day on a military base, for instance family members may not be accustomed to their loved ones serving in active duty.
The repercussions of the conflict took center stage Monday night in a roundtable discussion sponsored by the Carter G. Woodson Institute. U.Va. faculty members expressed emotions from shame to frustration regarding the war and the Bush administrations Iraq policy.
The best thing would be to finish this war as quickly and cleanly as possible, said religious studies professor James F. Childress.
A more boisterous gathering occurred March 20, when 300 to 400 students walked out of classes and assembled in the afternoon rain to chant and listen to speakers protesting the war.
The walkout and rally, organized by the University Anti-War Coalition and the Citizens Against
Global Exploitation, was coordinated with other protests in the community. The front steps of Old Cabell Hall served as the speakers platform, as students clustered under the overhang to stay out of the cold, driving rain.
We need to educate our apathetic peers, third-year student Ian Amelkin, president of the University Democrats, told the crowd.
The rally, he said, should be a starting point to free people of their fear of speaking out. Weve been screaming about this for a year, he said. The most important thing you can do is speak out.
Fourth-year student Ben Shanker reminded the crowd that while they were out in the rain protesting, students were still sitting in classrooms, not thinking about the war. The protestors needed to do something about that, he said.
This is about community education, he said. They are not able to see things that are happening and we need to help them see it.
Later, before leaving Grounds to join a protest in town, students marched through New Cabell Hall chanting anti-war slogans and seeking to draw students from their classes to join the protest.
© Copyright 2003 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia


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Site not look beautiful? Click here |
After you check out Marion, view out the other Weekly musicians, top MP3 downloads and our list of local bands.
Band | Marion's Role in the Band | About the Band | |
Marion Write | Vocals | Founded Flo Deep Music Group for one simple reason. Individuality, I had to separate myself and my people from the rest. ...more. |


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This article does not cite any references or sources. (June 2007) |
- For the Pitchshifter song, see Underachiever (song). For the hip hop duo, see The Underachievers.
An underachiever is a person and especially a student who fails to achieve his or her potential or does not do as well as expected.[by whom?]
Of particular interest is academic underachievement. Studies of individuals who have not realized their apparent potential have identified learning disabilities, ADHD, and many other educational problems, and enabled methods of addressing these problems. Current theories among academic scholars prefer to address underperformance problems with remedial help.
The term is also used more generally, for example a sports team that contains many star players but still loses games against teams with relatively little obvious talent would be termed underachieving. A stock which achieves poor profit and/or capital gains despite sound underlying business and/or assets may be called underachieving.
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
This article relating to education is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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Great one-story, historic building completely renovated in 1991. 13,409 GBA and 10,040 NLA. Post and Beam construction. Hollow clay walls, stuccoed between columns. Wood truss, pitched roof, wood deck. Single membrane roof material. New water, sewer and sprinkler systems installed about 10 years ago. One of five (5) buildings in Punta Gorda on the National Register
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Mechanics Files
Where the best mechanics rise to the top
Bobby & Steve's Auto World
- 1221 Washington Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55401, us
- (612) 333-8900
- Is this YOUR shop? Claim it and stay up to date!
- I have only used this one site on So. Washington Ave. in Mpls. I have a 15 yr old Saturn and was a dedicated customer of a Saturn dealership. I was very dismayed that GM discontinued the Saturn line, a mistake I'm sure GM will regret. I have had Bobby & Steve's do major work: a ring job, engine re-mounts, yes even a crank-window 'crank' replacement! They are VERY trustworthy, almost always complete repairs when they say they will (EVEN on weekends !). My only complaint/concern is that they do not take repair reservations in advance, so it's a first come, first serve. I find their diagnoses to always be accurate. I am VERY satisfied and HIGHLY, HIGHLY, recommend this Bobby & Steve's location. Plus, it has a really keel facility that includes a thorough 'food and fast food' prepared shop, and VERY, VERY, friendly and seemingly caring staff at ALL levels !!! I'm amazed B&S's has not been recommended before. Please, consider !


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In 2012, Colorado voters approved Amendment 64, which legalized marijuana for recreational use. Now the Colorado Legislature is in the process of implementing this amendment to the state constitution. At the same time, marijuana use remains a violation of Federal law and those authorities are still weighing their options regarding this change in Colorado state law. Join Active Minds as we delve into the background of this unfolding story.
Active Minds will present the story of beer! We will discuss the history of beer and how it is made, as well as the rise of several great American brewers and beer families, the current trends of microbrews and craft beers and their strong Colorado connections. Cheers!
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Comments on Photo | Add Comment |
By Terramariner From: Cordova/Fairbanks, AK Apr 7, 2014 |
Nice overview shot! Just a couple things, Double Exposure is the peak just left of Black Cap and I think what you have labeled as Double Exposure is Tusac. Also what is labeled as Old Snowy is actually Little Princess, but Old Snowy is hidden directly behind it. |
By flykatcher Apr 8, 2014 |
thanks for your input!! changes made. |
Avg Score | 5.0 from 1 votes |
Your Score |


text:
Refreshing & Different Summer Salad Recipes
Refreshing & Different Summer Salad Recipes
During a visit to Bed Bath & Beyond's corporate headquarters I had the chance to try out their kitchen studio. It being a hot, humid, summer day, a lighter dish was the only way to go. OK, so I made two, very different, but refreshingly delicious summer salads.
Sam the Cooking Guy
Summer salad recipes:
Asparagus & Tomatoes with Anchovy Vinaigrette Recipe
Cucumber & Watermelon Summer Salad Recipe


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The amount of the Frank Bolles Memorial Fund, which will be handed over to the University authorities the day after Commencement, will be nearly if not quite $1500.00. All persons who have promised to subscribe to the fund and have not yet done so will please send their subscriptions as soon as possible. If there are any more undergraduates who wish to contribute, their subscriptions, no matter how small, will be gladly received.
H. A. CUTLER, Treasurer, 8 Holworthy.


text:
As we're feasting this holiday weekend, find out what Jeremy Lin eats for his favorite post-game meal. You'll probably catch him at In N' Out after a Golden State Warriors win or scoring his career high points. His order of two Double Double with grilled onions and animal fries got us hungry.
BTW – Jeremy Lin recently launched his website. Be sure to check it out. You can also tweet questions to Jeremy Lin here.
Jeremy Lin favorite post-game meal


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Welcome! You are browsing as a guest
Would you like to see
5 projects made from this pattern
and much more?
join Ravelry now
What am I missing?
© Amalia Samios
© Amalia Samios
© Amalia Samios
Fruit Bookmarks - Aple, Pear and Pineapple
This pattern is available as a
free Ravelry download
These bookmarks are so quick and easy and they are a lot of fun. They would make great items for fetes and stalls and, of course, great gifts.
They are knitted on 2 needles with 8 ply (DK) yarn of cotton and are so easy even a beginner can make them. The pear is the tallest and it is about 7cm (3") high.
I do not allow the copying of my patterns of any type but I do allow the selling of the finished goods
For more information, see:


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Our Material Suppliers
Ideas & Solution
Contact Us
If you can not find in our glossary a definition for your subjects (contains meanings which apply to PCB design and manufacturing only) please don't hesitate to send us your query to: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Ag. Chemical symbol for element silver.
Air Gap - The shortest straight line air distance between two conductors under voltage.
Annular Ring - The pad area that remains after a hole is drilled trough the pad .
Analog circuit - A circuit in which the output varies as a continuous function of the Input.
ANSI - American National Standards Institute. WWW page: http://www.ansi.org .
AOI - Automatic Optical Inspection.
APERTURE - Aperture list or D-Code assignment are used in defining shapes and sizes of Gerber file entities.
ARRAY - A sub-panel which include the multiple printed circuits (called modules) so that the sub-panel can be assembled as a unit. The modules can then be separated after assembly into discrete printed circuits.
Aspect ratio -The ratio of the board thickness to the smallest-hole diameter of the printed circuit board
Assembly drawing - A drawing shows all parts identified by their reference designator,anel outline with datum and tooling hole position. If auto-insertion is required, a list of x, y coordinates of the parts may be helpful.
ATE - Automatic Test Equipment
Au - Chemical symbol for element gold.
AQL - Acceptable Quality Level.
Axial Component - An electronic component consisting of two wire leads separated by a cylindrical component body, e.g., resistors, diodes, capacitors.
Go back
Bare board - A finished PCB that has had no components added.
BASE MATERIAL - The insulating material upon which the conductor pattern may be formed. The base material may be rigid of flexible - It may be a dielectric sheet or insulated metal sheet.
B&B - Blind & Buried (VIA holes).
BBT - Bare Board Test.
BGA - Ball Grid Array. A leadless package on which the connectors to the board have been placed in an array on the bottom of the package.
Blind VIA - VIA hole that does not pass completely through the printed circuit board. A blind VIA starts from one side or another.
BOM - Bill Of Material. A component list with reference designators, part numbers, values, tolerance, description and other information. A BOM is required for PCB assembly.
BRIDGING("SHORT") - Solder that crosses the gap between two conductors, such as two leads.
Buried VIA - A buried VIA connects two or more inner layers but no outer layer, and cannot be seen from either side of the board.
CAD - Computer Aided Design. A system where engineers create a design and see the proposed product in front of them on a graphics screen or in the form of a computer printout or plot. In PCB manufacturing the result would be a printed circuit layout.
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacturing. CAM files - these are the data files used directly in the manufacture of printed wiring.
CARD - Another name for a printed circuit board. Card-edge Connector. A connector which is fabricated as an integral portion of a printed circuit board along part of its edge (see also finger).
CBGA - Ceramic Ball Grid Array.
CEM - Contract Electronic Manufacturers.
CERAMIC - Inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as alumina (a common substrate material composed of approximately 95% Al2O3) or beryllia (BeO 99,5. Beryllia has a high dielectric strength and a low dielectric constant) .
CHAMFER - A shaped corner to eliminate an otherwise sharp edge.
Characteristic Impedance - A compound measurement of the resistance, inductance, conductance and capacitance of a transmission line expressed in ohms.
CHIP - Non polarized surface mount capacitor, resistor or inductor with tinned conductive solder terminals at opposite ends of the part.
CLAD - A copper object on a printed circuit board.
Clearance - Separation between circuit entities ( pad-pad, pad-trace, trace-trace, solder mask-pad, pad-drill, circuit-board edge, etc.).
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) - The ratio of dimensional change of an object to the original dimension when temperature changes.
COFIRE - A process for forming multilayer ceramic substrates in which thick-film conductors and dielectrics are simultaneously processed by a firing cycle.
Column Grid Array (CGA) - A packaging technology similar to a pin grid array, in which a device`s external connections are arranged as an array of conducting pins on the base of the package.
Compliant pin - The forces required for a good contact between pin and through hole are generated by the deformation of the press-fit section of the pin
COMPONENT - Any of the basic parts used in building electronic equipment, such as a IC, transistor, resistor, capacitor, connector, etc.
Conductor Spacing - The distance between tracks on a printed circuit board.
Conductor width - The observable width of the pertinent conductor at any point chosen at random on the printed circuit board.
CONNECTION - One leg of a net . Also called a "pin pair."
CONNECTOR - A plug or receptacle which can be easily joined to or separated from its mate.
Contact resistance - The resistance which occurs at the point of contact between a female contact and the male connector pin.
Controlled Impedance - The process that give a circuit the correct impedance value.
Copper foil - Quality electrolytic copper used to form conductive patterns on printed circuits. The traditional weights are 0.5, 1 and 2 ounces per square foot (18, 35 and 70 micrometer thick)
Copper thickness - Cooper thickness usually specified in terms of number of Oz/sq. ft (1/2 Oz: 17.5um; 1 Oz: 35um and etc.). The thickness of copper you specified will be the final thickness of base material plus copper plating thickness.
CSP - Chip Size/Scale Packag.e
CTE - Coefficient of Thermal Expansion.
Cu - Chemical symbol for element copper.
Cut lines - A cut line is what we are going to use to program a router with. It represents the outer dimensions of board.
DFSM - Dry Film Solder Mask.
DIELECTRIC - An insulating medium which occupies the region between the conductors. It is also the distance between bonded inner layer conductors.
Dielectric Constant - That property of a dielectric that determines the electrostatic energy per unit volume for unit potential grade.
DIP - Dual In-line Package . A package designed for through hole mounting with parallel rows of evenly spaced leads extending straight down below the package at right angles to the top and bottom surfaces.
Drill File - Usually this is an Excellon file (with X and Y axis coordinates and tool sizes) used to create the hole of a circuit board.
Drill Table - A description of the drill sizes used to create the circuit board. The drill equivalent of an aperture list.
Dry Film Solder Mask (Resist) - A solder mask film applied to a printed board with photographic methods. This method can manage the higher resolution required for fine line design and surface mount. It is more expensive than liquid photoimageable solder mask.
Dummy Component - A non-functional component package.
Dummy Land - A conductor on a printed circuit board that is not connected electrically to other circuitry.
Edge Connector - A connector (can be gold plated) edge contacts or a series of parallel lines of holes.
Electrical Test - Used to test for opens and shorts. Recommended for all surface mount boards and multi-layers. Traditional test are done by test fixture with test pins wired to test system and compare connections/insulation read from board to board, an efficient type of test for volume production. Another type of test namely the flaying probes test, a set of 2 probes (or two sets, one set at top of board and another set at bottom), moving quickly to verify connectivity against the Netlist generated from Gerber or other CAD/CAM data.
Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold - A coating applied during printed circuit board manufacture to protect copper features from oxidation and provide a very flat surface for soldering components.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - (1) The ability of electronic equipment to operate in an intended electromagnetic environment without degradation caused by interference. (2) The ability of equipment to operate in its electromagnetic environment without creating interference with other equipment.
ELECTROPLATING - The electrode position of a metal coating on a conductive object. The object to be plated is placed in an electrolyte and connected to the relative terminal of a DC voltage source. The metal to be deposited is similarly immersed and connected to the positive terminal. Ions of the metal provide transfer to metal as they make up the current flow between the electrodes.
Epoxy Resin - A material that forms straight chain thermoplastic and thermosetting resins. Epoxy resins have excellent mechanical properties and good dimensional stability
ETCHING - The process of removing unwanted metallic substance (bounded to a base) via chemical, or chemical and electrolytic means.
Etch factor - The ratio of the depth of etch (conductor thickness) to the amount of lateral etch (undercut).
ESR - Electrostatically applied Solder Resist.
Fiducial mark - Fiducial marks are dots etched on board panel for which SMD assembly is required (provide viewing targets for camera to locate correct position).
FILLET - Refers to the shape of the solder joint between the lead and the pad. Visual inspection criteria are largely based on the size and the shape of the fillet.
Fine pitch - Component with lead pitch equal to or greater than 20 and less than 50 mils; most common pitches are 20, 25, 33 mil.
FINGER - A terminal (usual –gold plated) of a card-edge connector.
FIXTURE - A device that enables interfacing a printed circuit board with a spring-contact probe test pattern.
Flex circuit (Flexible circuit) - A printed circuit made of thin, flexible material.
FLUX - A substance used to promote or facilitate fusion, such as a material used to remove oxides from surfaces to be joined by soldering welding. Flux types: low residue, organic acid, rosin, rosin activated, rosin mildly activated.
FR4 - Flame retardant laminate made from woven glass fibre material impregnated with epoxy resin.
Gerber File - Data file used to control a photoplotter. Named after Gerber Scientific Co., who made the original vector Photoplotter.
Gold Finger - The gold-plated terminal of a card-edge connector.
Ground Plane - A relatively large mass of metal on a printed circuit board used as an electrical ground or shield.
Grid Spacing - This is the spacing between drilled through holes in a printed circuit card.
HDI - High Density Interconnection.
HTCC - High Temperature Cofired Ceramics
Hole breakout - A condition in which a hole is not completely surrounded by the land.
Hole density - The quantity of holes in a printed circuit board per unit area .
Hole void - A void in the metallic deposit of a plated - through hole exposing the base material.
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. IEEE Standards Board, New Jersey, USA. WWW page: http//www.ieee.org.
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. These serve as a basis for national standardization and as references when drafting international tenders and contracts. www-page : http://www.iec.ch
INCH - One inch = 25,4 mm.
INK - Common term for screen resist.
Insulation Resistance - Resistance of the insulating part between two conductors.
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) - An assembly of miniature electronic components simultaneously produced in batch processing, on or within a single substrate to perform an electronic circuit function.
Internal layer - A conductive pattern which is contained entirely within a multi-layer printed board.
Interstitial via hole - A plated through hole connecting two or more conductor layers of a multi-layer printed board but not extending fully through all of the layers of base material comprising the board.
IPC - .The Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits. WWW page: http://www.ipc.org .
JUMPER - An electrical connection formed by wire between two points on a printed board added after the intended conductive pattern is formed.
LAND - A portion of a conductive pattern that is usually used for making electrical connections or for component attachment, or both.
LEAD - Metal attachment on a component used to mount the component to a printed circuit board and establish an electrical pathway.
LEGEND - A format of lettering or symbols on the printed board : part number, component locations, and patterns.
Liquid Photoimageable Solder Mask (LPI) . A mask sprayed on using photographic imaging techniques to control deposition. It is the most accurate method of mask application and results in a thinner mask than dry film solder mask.
LTCC - Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics.
MASTER DRAWING - A document that shows the dimensional limits or grid locations applicable to any or all parts of a printed board (rigid of flexible), including the arrangement of conductive and nonconductive patterns or elements.
Metal-Core PCB - Boards built with a metallic core and an organic or inorganic insulation on either sides of the core. The core could be made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, or a laminate of metals.
MIL - One thousandth of an inch.
Minimum Annular Ring (MAR) - The minimum metal width, at the narrowest point between the circumference of the hole and the outer circumference of the land.
Minimum Conductor Width - The smallest width of any conductors, such as traces, on a PCB.
Minimum Conductor Space - The smallest distance between any two adjacent conductors, such as traces, in a PCB.
Multi-layer PCB (ML) - Printed circuit boards consisting three or more conducting circuit plans separated by insulating material and bonded together with internal and external connections to of the circuitry as required.
NC Drill - Numeric Control drill machine. A machine used to drill the holes in a printed board at exact locations, which are specified in a data file.
NC Drill File - A text file which tells an NC drill where to drill its holes.
NetList - List of names of symbols or parts and their connections points which are logically connected in each net of a circuit.
NFP - Non functional pad.
NFL - Non functional land. A land on internal or external layers, not connected to the conductive pattern on its layer.
Ni - Chemical symbol for the element nickel.
NPTH - Non plated-trough hole .
OEM - Orginal Electronic Manufacturers.
OSP - Organic Solderable Preservative.
OVERHAND - Increase in printed circuit conductor width caused by plating build-up or by undercutting during etching.
PAD (LAND) - The portion of the conductive pattern on printed circuits designed form the mounting or attachment of components.
PANEL - Material sized for fabrication of printed circuit boards. For example, standard panels by many Korean manufacturers are 340 x 407mm, 407x 510 mm, 510x 610 mm.
PANELIZE - 1.To lay up more than one (usually identical)printed circuits on a panel. Individual printed circuits on a panel need a margin between them of 3-7 mm. 2. Lay up multiple printed circuits (called modules) into a sub-panel (array) so that the sub-panel can be assembled as a unit. The modules can then be separated after assembly into discrete printed circuits.
PATTERN - The configuration of conductive and non-conductive materials on a panel or printed board. Also the circuit configuration on related tools, drawings, and masters.
Pb - Chemical symbol for element lead.
PCB - Printed circuit board.
Plated-through Hole (PTH) - A hole in a PCB with metal plating added after it is drilled. Its purpose it to serve either as a contact point for a through-hole component or as a via.
Press-fit Connection - The press-fit connection which is made of elastic deformable or massive (solid) pins into the plated through holes of the PCB. At the point of contact between the pin and the through hole plating a gas tight connection ensues.
Press-fit Pin - A metal pin with a specified area for pressing into a plated through hole without the requirement of further soldering. There are two types of press-fit pins : solid and compliant pins.
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) - A flat plate or base of insulating material containing a pattern of conducting material. It becomes an electrical circuit when components are attached and soldered to it. The conducting material is commonly copper which has been coated with solder or plated with tin or tin-lead alloy. The usual insulating material is epoxy laminate
Radial Component - An electronic component with two or three wire leads emanating from the component body that is designed to stand up on the PCB by its leads, e.g., transistors, capacitors, hairpin axial components, etc.
REGISTRATION - The degree of conformity of the position of a pattern, or a portion thereof, with its intended position or with that of any other conductor layer of a board.
RESIST (Solder Resist) - A coating material that is used to mask or protect selected areas of a circuit board from etching or plating processes.
ROUTING - In PCB CAD layout application, routing refer to as making manual/automatic wiring connecting logical nodes in a net. In PCB fabrication, routing refers to board edges profiling by running N-C program.
RS-274-D - Photoplotter file format (a variant of Gerber data) requiring an additional aperture information file.
RS-274-X. - A variant of Gerber data which contains aperture shape information in addition to the usual tool selection and movement commands.
Schematic Diagram - A drawing which shows, by means of graphic symbols, the electrical connections, components, and functions of an electronic circuit.
SCP - Single Chip Package
SHORT - Short circuit. An abnormal connection of relatively low resistance between two points of a circuit.
Silk-screen - The decals and reference designators in epoxy ink on a printed wiring board, so called because of the method of application - the ink is squeegeed through a silk screen.
SMC - Surface Mount Component.
SMD - Surface Mount Device.
SMT - Surface Mount Technology.
SMOBC - Solder mask over Bare Copper.
Sn - Chemical symbol for element tin.
SOLDER - Metal alloy used in soldering containing one of the metals used in the formation of an intermetallic bond.
Solder Balls - Small balls of solder that blow or roll across circuit boards causing shorts and other mischief.
Solder Levelling - The process of immersing printed circuit boards into hot liquids. Often referred to as HASL or HAL (hot air levelling)
Solder Mask - A coating applied over selected areas of a circuit board thereby permitting soldering only of the exposed areas : the contacts to be soldered; the gold-plated terminals of any card-edge connectors and fiducial marks.
Solder paste - Form of solder to be printed on SMD pads by using a stencil in assembly.
Solderability Testing - The evaluation of a metal to determine its ability to be wetted by solder.
Solid pin - The forces required for a solid mechanical contact between pin and hole are generated by the deformation of the drilled through hole.
SPAN - Component span refers to the center to center lead spacing of axial and radial components.
STENCIL - Stencil is a cooper foil screen with SMD pads etched openings use for solder paste printing in assembly.
Sub-panel - A group of printed circuits (called modules) arrayed in a panel and handled by both the board house and the assembly house as though it were a single printed wiring board. The sub-panel is usually prepared at the board house by routing most of the material separating individual modules, leaving small tabs.
SUPPORTED HOLE - A hole in a printed board that has its inside surface plated or otherwise reinforced.
SUPPORTING PLANE - A planar structure that is a part of a packaging and interconnecting structure to provide mechanical support, thermo-mechanical constraint, thermal conduction and/or electrical characteristics.
Surface Mount - Surface mount technology (SMT) - The technology of creating printed wiring wherein components are soldered to the board without using holes.
TAB - Tape Automated Bonding.
Tented VIA - A VIA with dry film solder mask completely covering both its pad and its plated-through hole.
Test Coupon - An area of patterns on the same fabrication panel as the PCB, but separate from the electrical circuits and outside the actual board outline.
Tg - Glass transition temperature, temperature at which substrate changes from hard to soft.
Through-hole - Having pins designed to be inserted into holes and soldered to pads on a printed board.
Tooling Hole - A hole in a PCB that has close tolerances for hole diameter and accurate location in relation to the component insertion holes.
Tooling Pin - A pin on a workboard holder that holds the PCB in proper position by closely fitting into a tooling hole.
UL - Underwriter`s Laboratories, Inc. - supported by some underwriters for the purpose of establishing safety standards on types of equipment or components. WWW page : http://www.ul.com .
V-cut scoring - This is a V-shaped cut made between boards within an array.. This process is used when boards are placed side-by-side within the array with zero spacing between boards. After assembly the boards are snapped apart along the V-cut.
VIA - Feed-through. A plated-through hole in a PCB used to route a trace vertically in the board, that is, from one layer to another. Common type of via connects traces on all layers, blind via or buried via are connected to defined layers only.
Warping - Warping generally refer to finished board warp and twist. All boards may have certain degree of warp as result of manufacturing, specially if materials contains high volume of moisture.
Wet Solder Mask - Applied by means of distributing wet epoxy ink through a silk screen, a wet solder mask has a resolution suitable for single-track design, but is not accurate enough for fine-line design.
Wetting - Ability of a liquid to flow across a surface as opposed to sticking to itself. Wetting occurs when the attractive surface energy of the pad or lead is greater than the surface energy of the solder, drawing a molecularly thin layer of solder across itself.
Wicking - Ability of solder to travel towards a heat source or fill a through-hole.
X Axis - The horizontal or left-to-right direction perpendicular to the Y axis in a two-dimensional system of coordinates.
Y Axis - The vertical direction, perpendicular to the X axis, in a two-dimensional system of coordinates.
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