text:
Ringworm Remedies for Pets
Last Modified on Apr 06, 2015
You might naturally assume that a ringworm condition would actually involve a worm, just like roundworms and tapeworms etc; but you would be wrong. Ringworm is actually a fungal infection that occurs in the hair fibers and epidermis of the animals skin. Three of the most common fungi responsible for the development of ringworm in your pet are Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It is important to have your pet's ringworm properly diagnosed, because the treatment for it may depend on which type of organism or fungus was responsible for the ringworm condition.
Ringworm is a highly contagious condition as it can be spread via direct contact with an infected animal or can be wind-borne as a result of fungi spores in the air. Ringworm is a zoonotic infection, which means that humans are also capable of contracting it.
You will recognize ringworm on your pet if you see small, round areas of missing hair. You might also be able to see the actual fungus that forms around the affected areas, as it will appear as white, scaly skin.
There are several homeopathic treatments that work effectively on ringworm problems, such as Bacillinium, Berberis, Chrysarobinum and Sepia. Keep in mind however that as mentioned, the effectiveness of each individual treatment may vary depending on the specific cause of the ringworm.
Most Popular Ringworm Remedies: | |
Apple Cider Vinegar | 9 |
Coconut Oil | 7 |
Iodine | 4 |
Motor Oil | 3 |
User Reviews
Apple Cider Vinegar 9 1
Approval Ratings
| ||
Somehow I got ringworm and my Dr wants to blame my cats. They don't go outside and I don't know really where this came from. I checked my cats and I don't see any on either one of them. They are both long hairs. I wanted to know how I deal with using the Apple Cider Vinegar on them, since I don't see them having any ringworm. I have read where maybe they could be carriers of it. Since I don't see any specific spots to apply it to, would I just put it in their food? Would I give them a bath with Apple Cider Vinegar in the water? If so, how much would I use? I don't have a clue but we have to get rid of this asap! Thank you!
I have a 6 month of kitten named Tinkerbell who we adore! Tinkerbell has been very healthy up until recently when she took a trip to our vet to get spayed! She did amazing after the surgery and was almost healed when I found a spot of what my vet diagnosed (over the phone) from what I described as ringworm! I was furious because I have two children who had been exposed to it and it had to have come from the vet visit! I asked what to treat and was told any athletes foot medicine! I immediately googled to find out if it was safe and read that many people had no luck with this or vet medications!
I have been doing the ACV remedy for 5 days and thinks it's improving, but I'm not sure! I have been applying undiluted ACV three times a day with a cotton ball! We quarantined her to our garage because it is very contagious and we have a 3 year old and 5 month old! It peeled some hair and is really red and irritated! First it turned a brownish/red color! I wanted to know if anyone knows if it is better to dilute the ACV or use it full strength? She hasn't acted like it hurt and is still eating well! Please Help! We love her and want her back inside with us as soon as possible! Thanks!!!
Replied by Tink's Family
Southern, Missouri
11/20/2011I just wanted to repost my results with the ACV I used! Our cat has completely recovered and has no ringworm! I treated her by using 1/2 tsp water mixed with 1/2 tsp ACV and dipping a cotton ball in it and applying it to the spot 3x daily! I started noticing results after about 2 days! The treatment took 10-12 days top complete get rid of it! After doing this I bathed her one time in Selsun Blue shampoo! I used a very small and amount and washed her entire body except for her face! I made sure to rinse her really well! I read the Selsun Blue shampoo would remove any other fungus from the ringworm that could be lingering in her coat! I then blow dryed her on the lowest setting and with warm not hot air! Before bringing her back in the home I washed everyones bedding and vaccumed vigorously! I also bleached any surface she had come in contact with! (window seals, tile, food bowls, litter box) I threw out her old bed and just bought a new one and new toys! No one in our family got the ringworm and she never had more thanone spot! She is happy, healthy, and won't return to the vet that she got this from! Sanitation is very important and cleaning their surfaces with bleach water would've prevented this from happening! Good Luck and hope this helps someone else! We will happily celebrate Christmas with our kitty inside to enjoy it too!Replied by Ana
Reynoldsburg, Ohio
01/12/2012My name is Ana and I'm sixteen years old. I have a one and a half year old dog named Lola. She hasn't had any medical problems so I didn't know what to think of this until my boyfriend said it was ringworm. It's located on her belly. I told my mom and she also didn't know what to do. I told her we were ganna have to take her to the vet but she isn't able to pay for that at the time so I looked for something that I can treat her with here at home. I went to walmart and found her some dog medicine that was for hookworms and large round worms so I got it. I've been giving her 1tsp a day and don't know if it's working. It looks as if she has been scratching at it and it has been peeling off. So I'm not sure. Should I keep giving this to her and wait to see what happened or should I try the ACV remedy?? Help please.!Replied by Goblueevelyn
Port Austin, Mi
01/14/2012Ana... Ringworm is not a worm... It is a fungus. Do not keep giving your pet the intestinal dewormer. You will need anti fungal cream and shampoo. Neither are very expensive.Replied by Timh
Louisville, Usa
01/16/2012... and refrigerate the worm medicine because Lola won't be needing any of it for about 6 mo.Replied by Jorgita
Avon Lake, Oh
12/03/2014I read online that turbinate cream is good for dogs. It is an athlete's foot cream for people. My dog had horrible ringworm and the cream clears it up. He has two spots though on his legs that are lingering, so I ordered Betadine solution on Amazon because I have read it is excellent remedy. Getting ready to use it for the first time tonight. Will let you know how it all works out.Posted by Gdsmkg (Las Vegas, Nv, USA) on 12/24/2009[YEA] After adopting a very sick cat from SPCA, he had ear mites, mange, ring worm. I first tried the borax mixture that I found on here, saw a little improvement but not much. Tried olive oil in the ears, was very soothing but didn't seem to do much.
Then I tried one capful of natural apple cider vinegar to a cup of water. I took a cotton ball, dipped it in the mixture, rang it out good. Then cleaned his ears with a slightly moist cotton ball. Within a couple of days I saw a big difference in his ear grime.
So then I thought I would try it for the mange and ring worm, I took the mixture, and soaked his ear good. I also wet the areas where there was the most flakiness and crusty flakes. Again within a week, big improvement! I highly recommend anyone to try this, but for him I couldn't use full strength. Just the smell made him puke on the spot.
One capful is all you need to one cup tepid water, it worked so well. I imagine you could also use it in a spray bottle and spray around the house, wherever he hangs out. They also liked me, so I used full strength on myself for ring worm and mange mites.
Replied by Raberdash
Ely, Nevada
01/05/2010[SIDE EFFECTS] I tried giving my dogs (9 months, 10 and 12 years old, respectively) ACV in their food. I only gave them 1 tsp. per day. After two days, they all started hacking, and kept my husband and I awake all night. I stopped the ACV, gave them some cold pressed barley pills (three each), and they have slept through the night since. The hacking completely resolved in a day. A friend told me that ACV actually ate through the stomach of another friend's dog and killed him. I am going to try the ACV TOPICALLY and diluted for my 9 month old's ringworm, but would caution anyone against giving it orally to any animal.Replied by Michael
Riverside, Ct, Usa
01/05/2010Sorry, but I really question this post and wonder if its appropriate content for this website: that "apple cider vinegar ate through the lining of a dog's stomach and killed him". Unless you are torturing a dog by making him drink large quantities of undiluted apple cider vinegar, this just ain't going to happen. I have been giving dogs diluted apple cider vinegar in small quantities for years without any problems.Please have your friend send us the autopsy results proving that apple cider vinegar killed the dog and I will pay more attention.
Replied by Raberdash
Ely, Nevada
01/06/2010Regarding Michael's comment: The information about the dog dying from ACV was obtained from a friend who knew this person. Obviously, the dog has since been buried and an autopsy is out of the question. However, given the fact that MY dogs suffered from incessant hacking from only 1 tsp. of ACV in their food (well-diluted, mind you), I would not recommend it for internal use in dogs. Nevertheless, I would be interested in knowing at what dose Michael uses for his dogs.Replied by John
Colorado Springs, Colorado
04/13/2010I've always heard of a ACV treatment for topical means but I've never seen it in oral mean.I'd imagine ingesting ACV would be pretty disgusting and would cause this. I've been fighting a fungal infection in my cat and Verbac shampoo seemed to work right off the bat but then it came back during treatment. Then we switched recently to terbinafide hydrochloride (Lotramin) and that just turned my cat into a zombie. I switched vets and he gave her griseofulvin 250mg (30 days) and Prednisone (20 days) for for the itch. That looked like it was working for a little over a month with new hair growth. We decided to keep two more weeks with the griseofulvin pills but she shortly developed more spots. So, 20 days of prednisone again and keeping the griseofulvin 250mg.That's where we are 1 years in. Maybe after this I'll try the ACV topically. However, by all account she should have been cured by now.Replied by Susan
Dallas, Tx
08/28/2010I am sure the treatment is topical. I would never give it to my animal to drink. Use common sense!Replied by Laurie5677
Sumter, Sc
08/29/2010I can't imagine anyone saying Apple Cider Vinegar is not good to ingest for anyone. My mother in law has been drinking it for years and diluted for pets helps with so many issues. If the pet is coughing it is more likely a smell issue, back of the throat kind of thing. Try a more diluted solution. Try sticking your nose in a bottle and taking a whiff their senses are many times more sensitive. I hear things like this from conventional users all the time. One capful to a cup should work for most issues in a pet.Replied by Robert
Ukiah , Ca
10/04/2010If you think that apple cider vinegar can't be fed internally you need to do more research. Just read a bag of dog food it is an ingredient in alot of high end and holistic dog foods... Come on learn a little before you open your mouths... If you aren't a vet don't act like one...Replied by Linda
Yucca Valley, Ca, Usa
01/30/2011[YEA] I've fed apple cider vinegar mixed in food to cats with no problems. It works well to help older cats digest food. The claim that apple cider vinegar ate through a dog's stomach is ridiculous. Stomach acid is a lot stronger than any vinegar.Replied by Donna
Carlisle, Arkansas
05/01/2011just wanted to tell you have been giving my two english bulldogs organic raw Apple Cider Vinegar. And it is the best thing I have ever used I put a tsp 3x day in there food or you can put a tsp in there water.. I also clean there ears out with it.. It keeps them so clean... I also use it for tear stains it is clearing both of my dogs from the tear stain.. I even take it myself.. For acid reflux.. I haven't had an episode sense I have been taking it..... And it's all Natural.. Love it!! It does a whole lot more stuff too... Just google _____s Apple cider Vinegar... It will tell you about it.. you can get it at any health food store or Kroger grocerie store..:)Replied by Jmarie Mora
Fresno, Ca
08/14/2011This is my first time to visit this site. I am desperate, to find a healthy remedy for my English Bulldog. She has been suffering with for years with pyoderma in her face folds. I recently stopped giving her Predisone and Benadryl. I have been making their food for about 8 months and she has been tested for food allergies. I will certainly try the ACV today! Thank you all so much!Replied by Kara
Anderson, In
08/24/2011Wow.. This is a wonderful site. My questions/concerns come from a diagnosis from the doctor that my daughter has tinea versicolor. I asked her where this comes from.. She said it's a form of fungus and then she asked if we had pets. I told her we have 2 dogs and she said it most likely came from them. My daughter is taking topical treatment, but my search on the internet for a more cost effective treatment for my dog, brought me to this site.My question is.. Is tinea versicolor the same thing as ringworm? I want to try the ACV treatment and wonder if it is ok to apply even if I havent had him diagnosed by a vet? He is a 3 lb chihuahua and I see hairloss on his underside and a lot of "circles" on his bare skin, although they are not raised or flaky (just like my daughter's symptoms). So, any feedback would be great to let me know if it is ok to apply ACV to his areas. Thanks!
Replied by Lidia
Dallas, Texas
02/21/2012I give my dog organic acv, everyday in her meals. Two teaspoonful and she loves it. after a bath with malaseb shampoo that can be order at 1800petmed. Com, after she is completely rinsed then I pour the Apple Cider Vinegar and half water over her fungal infections. Dry her off completely(blow dry low heat) then I apply the vaginal cream, miconzole, ( I buy at target or any store) infected areas.I also, with a cotton ball, 1 cap full of Apple Cider Vinegar and distilled water, I clean the inside of her ears and make sure all the liquid comes out , I apply a dab of clotrimazole 1% athlete's foot cream inside her ear outer ear miconozale. Of course her yeast or (ringworm) is caused by food allergies, it was really a battle changing her food to holistic and organic (vitamins to built her immune system. Sometimes I prepare her meals. The outcome she is clear of all that black crusty mess (malassezia) when she was given to me, she was 4 months old, notice that dark discharge in her ears. I took her to the vet and he prescribe ton of antibiotics which at the time, I did not have a clue that later it would cause havoc on her and me. Antibiotics mess her immune system plus her allergies. Another thing that I have learn, her sugar intake in food even if they are organic. Yeast, or fungal feeds on it.
Apple cider vinegar will not destroy your animal, it will help it inside out.
Replied by Homescoolmum
Amamoor, Queensland Australia
02/29/2012With regard to the fungal infection and steroids; The steroids actually feed the infection, so it is possible that the steroids would be exacerbating the problem. There does seem to be a case for the ACV. Also, try bathing the animal in a diluted form of phisahex solution. I'm going to try the ACV. We have been using topical antifungal cream, available over the counter at any supermarket or pharmacy with good results.Replied by Alva
Nashua, Nh
06/24/2012[YEA] I've been giving my 12 cats ACV for more than a year now. I put 5 drops of ACV in a gallon of distilled water for their drink. Ever since then none of my cats have fleas, zero & I comb all of them everyday. They actually love to be combed. Saying that ACV can kill a pet is nonsense. I even put it on my eyes when my eyes gets itchy from allergies.Replied by Jo In Boulder
Boulder, Co
08/30/2012Have two foster kittens, 4 mnths old just diagnosed with ringworm, so am going to try the ACV for a few days - week before moving over to the vets Lime Sulphar treatment. I was interested to read the suggestion to use this as a spray to decontaminate my house so my own cats don't get it. (so far so good).Re good dry food for your cats/kittens, my holistic vet told me to find a food with no corn/byproducts in the first 5 items, which seemed to mean expensive brands like Wellness - actually no, Costco's own brand fits the requirements and is way cheaper, and my cats and kittens like it. I also add some of the advocado dry cat food which has given my cats and the kittens lovely soft healthy hair and got rid of that black cat dandruff!
Now off to try the ACV..... How long before i'll see results?
Posted by Jemsie6 (Ballina Mayo Ireland, Ireland) on 10/25/2009i have had 7 kittens since june 2009 all being treated with a liquid remedy. 4 have cleared and am now left with three. one of these has ringworm in the ear - the other two have it around the eye area. how do i apply the apple cider vinegar, which sounds amazing, around the eye are without getting it in the eyes? i have four kittens 3 weeks old coming in tomorrow with ringworm and really dont want to have them spend their first months being caged when its not necessary
think this is an amazing site
thank you for any helpful advice
Replied by Justmejlc
Dartmouth, Ma
11/28/2009Glad I found this site. I am not sure if my cat has ringworm or not. About 5 days ago I noticed a ring around his mouth. At first I thought he was under my car in the garage and the mark was from oil. It looks like he has a black smile ring under his mouth. A little above his mouth also. It is the weekend so the vet is closed. I looked at picture online of ringworm and it doesn't look like that. I am stumped. I will try applying apple cider vineger for the next two days. I imagine it is safe because he may lick it being near his mouth. Has anyone else ever seen this? He is otherwise healthy and flea-free.Replied by Zillah
Toowoomba, Qld
02/11/2010You might want to look into acne. Feline acne looks like sooty black stuff, usually on the chin. If you think that might be it, stop using plastic feeding bowls, they harbour the bacteria that cause the acne. Use metal/glass/china bowls and it should clear up.Replied by Natasha
West Beach, Australia
07/15/2011i do not see any signs of ringworm on my cat but I have them on my body, can cats carry it but not show it ? I am going to try the Apple Cider Vinegar and tea tree oil on myself seeing as the creams dont work.Posted by Lililebron (Pocono, Pa) on 08/22/2009[YEA] i've used avc for my dog for other reasons in the past so i can testify to the usefulness of it. i was pleased to find out that the solution also worked on my puppy's ringworm within a matter of two days! just rubbed some on a paper towel and rubbed it on the ringworm spots on her belly once a day and its nearly cured in no time
Posted by Angie (Titusville, FL) on 04/30/2009[YEA] I have an 11 month old English Bulldog named Diesel. He came down with a terrible case of ringworms after being on steroids and antibiotics for an inverted tail. I read on-line that most of the medicine given internally for ringworms can be damaging to their liver. I came across this site and decided to try the ACV. Let me tell you, it works awesome. It's been 2 weeks and his ringworms are completely gone and the hair is already coming back in. I gave him a bath in Selsun Blue dandruff shampoo and then put undilluted ACV in a spray bottle and sprayed him all over with it and rubbed it in with my hands and let him dry naturally. I sprayed him with the ACV everyday for the first week, and then gave him another bath in the dandruff shampoo and sprayed him every other day for the second week. He looks amazing! I just started using it in his ears for the chronic ear infections he gets, so I'll let you know if it works!!
Replied by Joanna
Brooklyn, New York
01/10/2011thank you for the valuable advice I just started using the Apple Cider Vinegar on my cats earsfor ring worms.. just dabbing it. I'll see how it goes.. And let u know.. thanks again..Replied by Mish23
Yorkshire, England Uk
06/02/2011I have just found 3 ringworms on my body and now understand that is the patch on my cat after phoning many vets none can give me a price b4 treating my cat so its impossible to no if I will afford the vet bill. Thank you so much for all the advice on this site what an amazing site this is I will now try bathing her in head and shoulders then diluting and dabbing her infected areas with apple cider vinegar. Great advice thank you so very much , mishReplied by Annamika
Vancouver, British Columbia
04/12/2012Head and Shoulders shampoo is not the same as Selsun Blue shampoo. The reason Selsun Blue is used for ringworm is because it contains Selenium. To treat ringworm you must use Selsun Blue with Selenium otherwise you are just treating dandruff or dry scalp.Posted by Billy Krivolavek (Fresno, Ca) on 12/05/2008I have a pitbull that a bad case of ringwormes i tryed the fungle shampoo.and the orle med.and it was helping somewhat intell her and my male locked up and she became pregnet.at that point i had no choce but to stop the oral med because of the puppys.i tryed to abort but vet wanted 500.00 dollors so i let her have them & they came out fine.and i read about acv & was treating the mother & it was working. I almost had it cured by the time the puppys came. (allmost) now i have 9 puppys 1 week old that have fungus all over there backs & spreding fast & mom is not looking good ether not as bad as she was but not good.but the acv will take care of her its the puppys that im triping on. one week old & im not sure if acv is to strong to use on them but its spreding fast and i must do something now ! im useing acv on mom and bathing her befour returning her to the puppys!can i use acv on one week old puppys? help im a dog lover & cant stand to is puppys in this shape! please emale me
Replied by Lidia
Dallas, Texas
02/20/2012To Billy with his pet pit bull and all his puppies. Don't panic! Malaseb shampoo is back! I just bought it at 1800petmed.com. 2% miconazole 2 % chlorhexidine Gluconate. It doesn't say not to use on puppies. I would use it on the older dog and maybe dilute with the puppies. You must change their diet to holistic, organic or raw organic food. I gave mine raw organic vegetable, like string bean, parsley, broccolli, butternut squash, chop carrots for vitamin A, 2 teaspoon of ACV, biotin, aciddophilus to clean to yeast (fungus) from the gut. Two for each meal twice a day. Also nordic omega -3. Nordic brand is pure and clean no mercury. What we have to do is build their immune system from being broken and weak, to fight the yeast infection from the inside out. Once you have under control and understand that when the immune system is weak from antibiotics or not consumming the right food. I started bathing my dog twice a week, she had in her ears, underarms, legs, her private parts, behind her legs, on back. Now , I bathe her once a week with malaseb shampoo rinse her off with organic apple cide vinegar, dry her completely then apply vaginal miconozole cream, I buy at target for 4.99. Usually yeast infections start with allergies. It is alot of work, but it's better than spending hundreds and hundred of dollars at the vet and bury her after, because the shot and medication they administer is deadly.Posted by Romana Welch (Chaparral, New Mexico) on 07/01/2008[YEA] Apple cider vineger has cured my puppy's bad case of ringworm. Now I will be battling a bad case in a new puppy we just rescued off the streets. Thanks for being here for folks like us. The good ol ways have always been the cheapest and the best cure.
R.L.WReplied by Vera
Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil
11/23/2008Hi, I am having a bad outbreak of fungus, that I am begining to think is ringworm which came with a very bad shaped young dog I rescued from the street. The dog has been elsewhere for more than two months, and my poor cat (and I!), and the the whole home are still contaminated... What about the Apple Cider, should we use it topically, or drink it, or both; and how? Many thanks. We are going to homeopathy and some herbs as well right now; but anything that helps which may make our lives easier. VeraReplied by Pedro
Campinas, Brazil
11/24/2008[YEA] Hi Vera,I don't have any experience and getting rid of ringworms in pets, but I have gotten rid of it on me! I'm assuming ringworm and athletes foot are the same thing (I'm talking about "frieira", in portuguese).
What I did was soak a cottom ball with ACV and place it on the area (with a bandaid if you have to) a couple of times a day for 30 minutes. I did this while on the computer or watching TV. Once done, clean it with H202. Even better if you can leave H2O2 in the area for a while too.
Do this for a few days and the infected skin will peel of. You can stop doing it once everything is good again, but keep an eye on it as it may take a few cycles to get rid of it.
I did it once, and it never came back.
I also take ACV orally, and I think that is key. Skin problems need to be addressed from the inside as well as the outside.
Replied by Shawn
Grapevine, Texas
05/22/2009To begin with you wrote that you used "apple cider" and NOT apple cider "vinegar" which leads me to believe that not only did you torture your kitten with the toothbrush scrubbing but it was all for not since you didn't pay attention to the details and use the proper product. Also if you had paid attention to other advice about applying the ACV (and other products methods) you might have noticed that you are supposed to dab the affected area or spray it directly on the area but DO NOT rub it on (or in) and certainly DO NOT scrub the area with a brush. This will disperse the spores and make the problem worse and spread.So far I have treated my two kittens in the following manner. I place them in the bath tub. I have a small generic spray bottle which I fill with undiluted ACV and then address (spray) the infected areas directly. After I have done this I then spray the rest of their body avoiding their eyes mouth and nose and then sort of "pat" it into their coats. I try to avoid rubbing them as much as possible. I have only done this for 3 days at this point and can't really claim success yet, but it does appear to be making progress and I will post more info as things develop.
P.S.- Wear leather work gloves while doing this, trust me you will appreciate them..! Not only do they protect you from catching the fungus, but they prevent you from being shredded by the patient.
Posted by Katie (Bismarck, ND) on 08/03/2007[NAY] I've been using apple cider, scrubbed on with a toothbrush with my kitten for about a week now with no success. It appears to cause him some pain because he cries and after I'm finished and he even walks around the house howling for a bit. :( I wouldn't reccomend it.
Also: I thought it would be a good idea to cut the hair of where the fungus was visable (white flakes and scaley skin) so I could treat it better but it only seemed to spread to I'd advise against that as well!!
Replied by Darlene
Chico, California
09/11/2007In comment to Katie from Bismarck, ND stating that she used a TOOTHBRUSH to apply the apple cider vinegar: no wonder your kitten cries! How would you like someone to use a toothbrush on YOUR sores? DAB the vinegar on with a cotton ball twice a day--make sure it gets to the skin and not just the fur. Vinegar changes the PH balance of the skin and the fungus cannot grow and spread.Replied by Gwennan
Homer, NY
07/06/2008[SIDE EFFECTS] My 5 week old kitten has a horrible case of ringworm and I have been using Lotrimin ultra on him and it seemed to be slowly working but i am afraid he was licking it off of a spot on his leg and i don't want him to get sick so I tried dabbing on apple cider vinegar. It apparently stung him so badly and he was so upset that he cried and vomited 5 times, poor baby. I was very excited to try it as I know vinegar won't kill him but I don't think I have the heart to put it on him again. I feel horrible that I put the poor little guy through that. I plan to cross my fingers and hope for miracles that it clears up overnight!EC: Undiluted ACV is much too strong for a 5 week old kitten!
Replied by Joyce
Joelton, Tn
07/06/2008To Gwennan from Homer, NY I am not familiar with the topography in NY, so my first question is, do you have any black walnut trees there? If you do, go gather a few green walnuts from a tree. Cut a small slice off the green hull and rub the cut edge on that ringworm 3 or 4 times a day. Even if he licks it off it shouldn't make him sick. When I used it on what the dermatologist called a cat ringworm on my son's scalp years ago, it really worked much better and faster than the dermatologist's prescriptions did. After using it the first time, I just put it in a plastic sandwich bag and placed it in the refrigerator until needed for the next application. It kind of starts drying out after a couple of days use, then it's time to cut a small slice off the next. Of course the walnuts aren't mature yet, but it's the juice in the hull on the walnut that does the job.Replied by Raberdash
Ely, Nevada Usa
12/21/2009Regarding the use of green walnuts for ringworm in cats posted on 07/06/08: My understanding is that walnuts are toxic to cats. Are green walnuts exempt?Posted by Dianne (Haines, Alaska) on 08/08/2006[YEA] I remember once as a child I had ringworm and my mom used cider vinegar on it. It burned but it sure beat that ringworm out. We had used it on our cats and other farm animals also. When I was older I worked in animal care and a vet had me take photos of a huge ringworm on a goat and she had trouble curing it. I told her to try the cider vinegar and the goat was cured in no time, she now keeps it on hand. Vinegar is the only thing I will mop floors with now and it also takes the burn out of sunburn!
Posted by Judy (Tallahassee, FL)[YEA] I recently found a kitten with spots of ringworm on its body. It frantically chewed its paws so I poured a pint of natural ACV in a small dishpan and soaked the kitten twice a day for several days, sponging the liquid all over its body. Within 24 hours, the feet chewing stopped and in a week's time, new fur was beginning to grow on the bare areas. Sure beats typical 3-4 weeks treatment vets want to use.
Replied by Heather
North Of Boston, Ma
11/04/2011I have a senior cat (16) who has ringworm and the pills have not worked. I'm going to try the diluted ACV but was wondering if it will sting her? Anyone have any issies w/side effects topically. I hated giving her the pills anyway b/c I was worried especially with an older cat the damage that might be done to the liver. Thanks for the tips!Also, her littermate died about a month and a half ago and she has been licking a patch of her belly to the skin. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance to any response. She is an indoor cat if that makes a difference in regards to any suggestions.
Replied by Timh
Louisville, Usa
11/05/2011Heather, my two cents. Many reports of ACV successful for many condition, start with diluted, then increase. Also for topical treatment, otc povidone iodine can kill the fungus. No need to dilute, apply with q-tip. For internal, colloidal silver in water or food will kill infections. 2 or 3 drops 3% H2O2 in water will increase the depleted oxygen body levels and restore health and vigor.Replied by Tinks Family
Southern, Missouri
11/19/2011My kitten recently returned from being spayed with ringworm1 I was told athletes foot meds would work! Before I tried this I researched and read ACV was much better! I used 1/2 tsp water and a 1/2 tsp ACV on a cotton ball 3x Daily and my cat never acted as if she was in any pain! It took about 10 days and she was ringworm free! I also suggest a deep cleaning of your home! I read to bleach anything that was bleachable and discard what wasn't! We bleached her litter box and bowls and bought new toys and bedding! After the treatment was complete I read to bathe one time in Selsun Blue shampoo! Use a very small amount and keep away from the face! Make sure you rinse really well and dry completely! Our cat is healed, healthy, and will never return to the unsanitary vet she used before! Also be careful of your self and children because it is very contagious! Our cat actually was quarantined to our garage because we have small children! No one in our family ended up getting the ringworm!Apple Cider Vinegar, Coconut Oil 0 0
Posted by Tigerbear17 (Cheektowaga, New York, Usa) on 05/17/2013My cat has Ringworm. I have been treating him for a week with Organic Apple Cider Vinegar and Extra Virgin Coconut oil. He has it over his eye between the eye and the ear. I have also been spraying my entire house down daily with a 50/50 mix of ACV and water. Is there anything else I can do ??? The skin is red and inflamed and there is a smaller patch of BLACK scabby stuff near the larger red spot. He is a long haired cat so I clipped the hair to get to the spot. I have 2 other cats who seem to not be infected.... I also spray all the cats daily with the 50/50 mix. Any advise ???? Thanks, Karen
Replied by Gena
Pasadena, California
05/18/2013If the ACV isn't helping, I would then try the remedy on this site for mange, which is peroxide and borax. You should read up on the feedback on that page first to see how many people have used it on their cats as it is a dog remedy from the few posts that I have read. The vet should be able to give you an anti-fungal remedy. If you can't afford it, see what Over the Counter meds people are using on cats with ringworm. Not sure this helps, but please let me know how it goes.Replied by Om
Hope, B.c., Canada
05/18/2013Turmeric works like a charm. Apply dry, do not wet. I have used it for years and maybe one needs to follow up, depending on the individual animal. If they lick it, it will benefit the liver. Very cost effective. It is being used now in a local shelter with great success. If an animal is full of ringworm, put the kitty in a small box and work the powder into the fur after which keep it caged so the powder is not spread everywhere. This should cost you pennies. Love, OmBetadine and Cruex 1 0
Approval Ratings YEA (1) 100% Posted by Bliss on 07/15/2006[YEA] Try Betadine or other iodine solution and Cruex on ringworm. Worked very well when my cats had it, and then I caught it.
Bleach 1 0
Approval Ratings YEA (1) 100% Posted by Kathie (Houston, Texas/ Usa) on 12/02/2011[YEA] This is not "all natural" but it works. I got ringworm from my cat (he went to the vet for treatment, but I used my mom's home remedy). I dabbed bleach on the fungus twice a day and followed that up each time with athelete's foot medication (over the counter). Within 3 days it was gone, but I treated for four days to make sure!
Replied by Kathie
Houston, Tx
12/06/2011I do want to add that when I put the athlete's foot medication on the affected area I then put a piece of medical tape over it to make a high concentration. I put the medication on thick (you could still see the white color of the cream).Borax 1 0
Approval Ratings YEA (1) 100% Posted by Mary (Oklahoma) on 07/17/2013How much borax do you mix with water to spray carpets and furniture for ringworm? Our poor dog keeps getting infected again and I am not using bleach on carpeting.


text:
In the News
for the Week of 12-21-10
- Esophageal cancer screening might not be worthwhile for most GERD patients, modeling study finds
- HIV reduction efforts should target risky behaviors
Test yourself
- MKSAP Quiz: daily cough without specific triggers
Pain management
- For arthritis, opioids present increased relative risk compared to NSAIDs
- Opioids for nonmalignant pain have different adverse event profiles
- Cystatin C beats creatinine at predicting complications of kidney disease
Regulatory news
- Are you ready for 5010 and ICD-10?
- HRSA accepting applications for GME grants program
- CMS conducting 2011 Medicare Contractor Provider Satisfaction Survey
From the College
- Depression quality improvement program seeks participants
- Help choose the best name for ACPs advocacy program
Cartoon caption contest
- Put words in our mouth
Physician editor: Darren Taichman, FACP
Editorial note: ACP InternistWeekly will not be published for the next two weeks due to the Christmas and New Years holidays.
.Esophageal cancer screening might not be worthwhile for most GERD patients, modeling study finds
Although gastroesophageal reflux increases patients relative risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma, the absolute risk is too low to merit screening in most patients, a new study found.
The study used a Markov model to extrapolate based on incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its association with esophageal cancer. According to the results, women with GERD have a very low risk of developing esophageal cancer no matter their age. For example, 60-year-old women with weekly GERD have an esophageal cancer incidence rate of 3.9 per 100,000 person-years. Having daily symptoms increases their risk only slightly, the model found.
Men with GERD have a higher risk of esophageal cancer and it increases with age. For example, 70-year-old men have a risk of 60.8 per 100,000 person-years. The study authors compared these risks to those for cancer for which experts have recommended screening. For example, the risk of breast cancer is 100.5 per 100,000 in 40-year-old women and the risk for colorectal cancer is 47.2 per 100,000 in 50-year-old men. The lowest incidence rate at which screening has been recommended was for colorectal cancer in 50-year-old women: 35.6 per 100,000. If the latter rate is taken as a benchmark for cancer screening, the researchers concluded that esophageal cancer screening would be worthwhile only for men over 60 years of age with at least weekly GERD. Because risk increases with more frequent GERD, men with daily GERD would pass the benchmark at age 55.
However, the authors noted, this calculation assumes that esophageal cancer screening effectively reduces mortality, an assumption there is not yet evidence to support. Decisions about the value of screening would also need to consider the cost, accuracy and safety of screening, the authors said. They suggested that identification of additional risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (obesity and tobacco are possibilities) might increase the value of screening, but data on the effects of these factors are still needed. The study was published online Dec. 7 by the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
The findings of this study dont support current practice of American gastroenterologists, as identified by a recent survey, the authors said. More than 70% of gastroenterologists said they would screen a 35-year-old man with GERD and 42% would screen a 55-year-old woman. The gap between evidence and practice may be due to an inappropriate focus on the relative increase in risk posed by GERD rather than the fairly low absolute risk of esophageal cancer, the authors concluded.
.HIV reduction efforts should target risky behaviors
Expanding HIV screening and treatment would help reduce new HIV infections, but prevention efforts should also target risky behaviors to be most effective, a new study indicates.
Approximately 56,000 people become infected with HIV each year in the U.S., and recent clinical guidelines recommend expanding HIV screening to all patients 13 and older regardless of risk factors. Researchers developed a mathematical model and performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the effect of expanded screening, antiretroviral therapy (ART) and behavioral counseling on the U.S. HIV epidemic. The goal of the study was to determine whether expanding screening, treatment or both could significantly decrease HIV infections in the U.S., and whether more infections could be prevented by allocating resources to screening or to treatment. Effects of reductions in risky behavior were also evaluated. The study results appear in the Dec. 21 Annals of Internal Medicine.
The authors' model projected that about 1.23 million new HIV infections would occur in 20 years, 74% in persons at high risk. In the base-case analysis, one-time HIV screening in low-risk persons and annual screening of high-risk persons prevented 6.7% of these infections at a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained of $22,382 when a 20% reduction in sexual activity after screening was assumed. When ART use was expanded to 75% of eligible patients, 10.3% of infections were prevented at a cost of $20,300 QALY gained. A strategy that combined both expanded screening and treatment prevented 17.3% of infections at a cost of $21,580 per QALY gained. The sensitivity analysis, meanwhile, found that expanded screening could prevent 3.7% of infections if sexual activity wasn't reduced, that earlier initiation of ART could prevent 20% to 28% of infections, and that efforts to halve high-risk behavior could reduce new infections by 65%.
The study used a simplified model of disease progression and treatment, did not consider variations in race or ethnicity, and excluded acute HIV screening. Nevertheless, the authors wrote, their results indicate that a multimodal program could markedly affect HIV incidence in the U.S. over the next two decades, with expanded screening and treatment programs leading to a potential 24% reduction. They pointed out that the cost-effectiveness of one-time HIV screening in low-risk persons and annual screening in high-risk persons is comparable to that of screening for type 2 diabetes and mammography screening for breast cancer. "If these [screening and treatment] programs are accompanied by additional interventions that halve risky sexual and needle-sharing behavior, the epidemic could be reduced by 65%, suggesting the need for a comprehensive portfolio of HIV prevention, screening, and treatment," they concluded.
Test yourself
.MKSAP Quiz: daily cough without specific triggers
A 52-year-old man is evaluated for a daily cough for the past 6 months. It occurs throughout the day and occasionally at night, but he does not notice any specific triggers. There is occasional production of small amounts of white sputum but no hemoptysis. He does not have any known allergies, has no new pets or exposures, and does not smoke. He does have nasal discharge. He has not noticed any wheezing and has no history of asthma. He has no symptoms of heartburn. He has had no fever, weight loss, or foreign travel, and takes no medications.
Vital signs are normal. There is no cobblestone appearance of the oropharyngeal mucosa or mucus dripping down the oropharynx. Lungs are clear to auscultation. A chest radiograph is normal.
Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?
A) Antihistamine/decongestant combination
B) CT scan of chest
C) Inhaled fluticasone
D) Proton-pump inhibitor
E) Pulmonary function testing
Click here to see the answer and critique for this question.
Pain management
.For arthritis, opioids present increased relative risk compared to NSAIDs
Opioids for arthritis pain control have an increased relative risk for many safety events compared with nonselective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs), a new study concluded.
Researchers examined the comparative safety of nsNSAIDs, selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors (coxibs) and opioids. They studied Medicare beneficiaries from Pennsylvania and New Jersey who qualified for pharmaceutical assistance programs for low-income older adults with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients had started therapy with an nsNSAID, a coxib, or an opioid in the years from 1999 to 2005. The mean age was 80 years, and almost 85% were female.
Results appeared in the Dec. 13/27 Archives of Internal Medicine alongside a second study derived from the same population and done by many of the same authors. (See the next story, "Opioids for nonmalignant pain have different adverse event profiles.")
Outcome safety events were adverse events related to analgesics: cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, revascularization and out-of-hospital cardiac death); gastrointestinal effects (upper and lower GI tract bleeding and bowel obstruction); acute kidney injury; hepatic toxic effects; fractures of hip, pelvis, wrist and humerus, but not spine; and trauma from a fall. Patients were matched on propensity scores.
Compared with nsNSAIDs, coxibs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.62) and opioids (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.24) had elevated relative risk for cardiovascular events. Gastrointestinal tract bleeding risk was reduced in patients on coxibs (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.00) and similar for opioids. Coxibs and nsNSAIDs posed similar fracture risk. Fracture risk was elevated with opioid use (HR, 4.47; 95% CI, 3.12 to 6.41). Opioids (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.07) but not coxibs, were associated with an increased risk for events requiring hospitalization compared with nsNSAIDs. Opioids (HR, 1.87; 95 CI, 1.39 to 2.53) but not coxibs raised the risk of all-cause mortality compared with nsNSAIDs.
The authors wrote, "Although nsNSAIDs pose certain risks, these analyses support the safety of these agents compared with other analgesics. The recent concerns raised about opioid use in nonmalignant pain syndromes appear warranted on the basis of these data."
An editorialist commented that, for a practicing internist, treating the underlying condition is as important as treating the pain. While there was likely some residual bias in which sicker patients were more likely to take opioids, "many clinicians use opioids in their patients, including the elderly, precisely for the reason that this class is perceived to be less toxic, whether out of concern for the gastrointestinal toxicity or nephrotoxicity of nsNSAIDs or the cardiovascular toxicity of coxibs, for example," the editorialist wrote. "However, the results of this study, as well as others, suggest that those assumptions may no longer hold up under more rigorous scrutiny from systematic comparative safety analyses such as this."
.Opioids for nonmalignant pain have different adverse event profiles
Adverse events among older adults using opioids for nonmalignant pain vary significantly by agent, contrary to the commonly held belief that all opioids are associated with a similar risk, a study found.
Researchers devised a propensity-matched cohort analysis that used health care utilization data collected from the years 1996 to 2005 among Medicare beneficiaries from Pennsylvania and New Jersey who started opioid therapy for nonmalignant pain. The five studied opioids were codeine phosphate, hydrocodone bitartrate, oxycodone hydrochloride, propoxyphene hydrochloride and tramadol hydrochloride. No patients had a cancer diagnosis, and none were using hospice or nursing home care.
Main outcome measures were incidence rates and rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs for cardiovascular events, fractures, gastrointestinal events, and several composite end points. Results appeared in the Dec. 13/27 Archives of Internal Medicine alongside a study derived from the same population and done by many of the same authors. (See the previous story, "For arthritis, opioids present increased relative risk compared to NSAIDs.")
In the study, 143,482 (26.5%) potentially eligible subjects were available for matching. The study looked at 6,275 subjects in each of the five opioid groups. Their mean age was 79 years; 80.9% were women; 91.0% were white.
Researchers looked at fractures (including hip, pelvis, wrist, and humerus fractures, but not spine fractures), cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, revascularization and out-of-hospital cardiac death) and gastrointestinal bleeding or bowel obstruction.
Results showed that the risk of cardiovascular events was elevated for codeine (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.06) after 180 days. Compared with hydrocodone, after 30 days of opioid exposure, the risk of fracture was significantly reduced for tramadol (RR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.28) and propoxyphene (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.66) users. Gastrointestinal safety events did not differ across opioid groups. All-cause mortality was elevated after 30 days for oxycodone (RR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.47 to 4.00) and codeine (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.45) users compared with hydrocodone users.
Limitations include that the study analyzed typical, nonrandomized practice data, leading to potential residual confounding, and the study was unable to assess causality. Secondly, the study database consisted of health care and pharmacy data without corroboration from death certificates, or other details such as pain levels, functional status, aspirin or tobacco use, or over-the-counter medication use. Third, the study occurred among older, low-income adults, limiting generalizability, and fourth, the study looked at a limited number of events in several outcome-exposure relationships, limiting the ability to prove the safety of an opioid for a specific outcome.
Editorialists commented that there is now a need to re-examine the widespread use of codeine. "If codeine is of middling efficacy for pain and is more risky than other opioids, there would be little reason to use it. ... [T]his large observational study revealing a previously unknown risk makes further research imperative," they wrote.
Also, the editorial said, elevated fracture risk with opioid use is suspected from increased fall risk and the drugs' effects on bone metabolism. Starting opioids at low doses, monitoring for side effects, and avoiding polypharmacy have been used to prevent adverse events. But, said the editorial, "[T]hese studies strongly suggest that implementation of these basic safety measures is suboptimal for patients taking opioids."
.Cystatin C beats creatinine at predicting complications of kidney disease
Testing for cystatin C, a protease inhibitor made by most cells and a biomarker of renal function, more accurately identifies chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who are at high risk for complications than creatinine testing does, according to a new study.
The study included more than 11,000 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Patients were assessed for chronic kidney disease (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) using creatinine testing and cystatin C testing. The researchers used CKD-EPI equations to estimate GFR based on the biomarkers. In the MESA study, 9% of participants had CKD based on the creatinine test, 2% had it based on cystatin C and 4% had it according to both measures. In the other study, the percentages were 12%, 4% and 13% respectively. The results were published by the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology on Dec. 16.
The study also assessed the risk of death, cardiovascular events, heart failure and end-stage renal disease among the patients found to have CKD. In the MESA group, patients diagnosed by creatinine had no higher mortality risk than those without CKD (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.26), while patients who were diagnosed by cystatin C had a significantly increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.84 to 5.67). Those who tested positive on both had an increased risk with a hazard ratio of 1.93 (95% CI, 1.27 to 2.92). Trends were similar in the CHS study and for the other outcomes tracked by the study.
Recent efforts to improve detection of CKD have promoted the use of creatinine testing, the study authors noted. Given that this study found that patients whose creatinine indicated CKD had no greater risk than average, creatinine-based equations may be leading patients to receive unnecessary nephrology referrals, testing and treatments, the authors said. Cystatin C testing would offer greater specificity and therefore may be useful as either a confirmatory test for patients whove been identified with possible CKD by creatinine testing or, in high-risk groups, as a screening test.
The two tests could also be combined with albuminuria testing, the authors suggested. Future research should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such a triple screening process. Cystatin C testingwhich is becoming more readily available in U.S. labs, the authors notedcould be used in a stepwise system to identify CKD patients who are higher risk for complications. The end result could be more specific screening and less unneeded care, the authors concluded.
Regulatory news
.Are you ready for 5010 and ICD-10?
Its only a little over a year until the deadline for practices to convert their coding to 5010 electronic transactions.
As part of preparation for the ICD-10-CM code set, which must be used starting Oct. 1, 2013, all electronic transactions must be using 5010 standards by Jan. 1, 2012. To make sure that your practice is ready, you need to begin testing the upgraded electronic administrative transactions with your trading partners during 2011. To help you prepare, CMS maintains a resource that provides guidance on talking to vendors about 5010 readiness. In addition, you can visit the AMAs website to access additional resources and view a free archived webinar to help your practice prepare for these approaching deadlines.
.HRSA accepting applications for GME grants program
The Health Resources and Services Administration is now accepting applications for the new Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education program.
Established as part of the health care reform legislation, this program is designed to encourage resident education in ambulatory care sites and can be used to fund new positions for primary care training. The deadline for submitting a grant application is Dec. 30. Additional information can be found in the announcement on the HRSA website.
.CMS conducting 2011 Medicare Contractor Provider Satisfaction Survey
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is now conducting its annual satisfaction survey for Medicare fee-for-service contractors responsible for processing and paying Medicare claims.
The survey will be sent to a random sample of 30,000 Medicare providers and suppliers. If you are contacted, please take the time to complete the survey. It should take no more than 20 minutes. More information about the survey can be found on the CMS website.
From the College
.Depression quality improvement program seeks participants
Physicians are invited to participate in ACPs new quality improvement program on depression.
This free Web-based program offers physicians the chance to earn up to 30 performance improvement CME credits and credit toward American Board of Internal Medicine Part 4 Maintenance of Certification. This program will help physicians to analyze their own practice patterns, evaluate actual practice data in identifying gaps, and learn how to implement clinical quality improvement tools and techniques.
Participants will also communicate with national experts via conference call to interact and receive guidance on practice improvement. The program is done for free without leaving the office. Physicians will be asked to complete both a survey and a set of chart abstractions twice during the program and will be given access to a Web-based educational module on depression. The first 50 physicians to enroll in the program will be entered into a raffle to win either MKSAP 15 or Internal Medicine 2011 registration. If you are interested in participating in this program, please contact Meghan Gannon at firstname.lastname@example.com.
.Help choose the best name for ACPs advocacy program
The College is looking for a new name for its federal advocacy grassroots program.
ACP's grassroots advocates e-mail, call and meet with their members of Congress on issues of importance to medical students, internists and their patients. ACP gives these physicians the tools necessary to develop and maintain relationships with their representatives.
Please take a minute to fill out this short survey and help us determine our new name.
Cartoon caption contest
.Put words in our mouth
ACP InternistWeekly wants readers to create captions for this cartoon and help choose the winner. Pen the winning caption and win a $50 gift certificate good toward any ACP product, program or service.
E-mail all entries to email@example.com. ACP staff will choose finalists and post them online for an online vote by readers. The winner will appear in an upcoming edition.
.MKSAP answer and critique
The correct answer is A) Antihistamine/decongestant combination. This item is available to MKSAP 15 subscribers as item 9 in the General Internal Medicine section.
The most appropriate treatment for this patient is a trial of an antihistamine/decongestant combination. The initial approach in patients with chronic cough (>8 weeks in duration) is to conduct a history and physical examination looking for identifiable causes, determine whether the patient is taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and obtain a chest radiograph. In the population of patients who do not smoke, do not take an ACE inhibitor, and have a normal chest radiograph, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) (previously termed postnasal drip), asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are responsible for approximately 99% of cases of chronic cough. When the etiology of a chronic cough is unclear, the American College of Chest Physicians recommends initial treatment with a first-generation antihistamine/decongestant combination to treat UACS. This is true even in the absence of evidence of a postnasal drip. The diagnosis of chronic cough is often based upon the patients response to empiric therapy, and it may take weeks or even months for the cough to resolve with appropriate therapy.
In a nonsmoking patient with a normal chest radiograph and no systemic symptoms, CT scan of the chest is not indicated.
Asthma is a common cause for a chronic cough and may present only with a cough (cough-variant asthma). However, pursuing pulmonary function testing or initiating empiric β-agonist therapy for asthma is premature unless the patient fails to respond to empiric treatment of UACS.
In the absence of GERD symptoms, proton-pump inhibitors should be reserved for patients with chronic cough who have a normal chest radiograph, are not taking an ACE inhibitor, do not smoke, and have failed to improve with treatment for UACS, asthma, and nonallergic eosinophilic bronchitis.
Key Point
- Empiric treatment of chronic cough in a nonsmoking patient not taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor who has a normal chest radiograph begins with treatment for upper airway cough syndrome.
Click here to return to the rest of ACP InternistWeekly.
About ACP InternistWeekly
ACP InternistWeekly is a weekly newsletter produced by the staff of ACP Internist. It is automatically sent to all College members who have an e-mail address on file with ACP.
To add your e-mail address to your member record and to begin receiving ACP InternistWeekly, please click here.
Copyright 2010 by the American College of Physicians.
Test yourself
A 30-year-old woman is evaluated for a 1-year history of fatigue, headaches, poor sleep, depression, intermittently blurred vision, and weakness when climbing stairs. She takes no medication.
What will you learn from your Annals Virtual Patient?
Annals Virtual Patients is a unique patient care simulator that mirrors real patient care decisions and consequences. CME Credit and MOC Points are available. Start off with a FREE sample case. Start your journey now.
Internal Medicine Meeting 2015 Live Simulcast!
Unable to attend the meeting this year? On Saturday, May 2, seven sessions will be streamed live from the meeting. Register for the simulcast and earn CME credit after watching each session. Watch it live or download for later viewing.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Wishlade, Fiona (2012) When policy worlds collide : tax competition, State aid and regional economic development in the EU. Journal of European Integration, 34 (6). pp. 585-602. ISSN 0703-6337
Full text not available in this repository. (Request a copy from the Strathclyde author)Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between tax competition, regional development and State aid control. In the 1990s, 'unfair' tax competition rose up the policy agenda with EU and OECD initiatives leading to the amendment of various tax measures sometimes, paradoxically, enhancing their attractiveness. In parallel, the European Commission pursued an increasingly rigorous approach to disciplining regional aid - even in the most disadvantaged regions. Meanwhile, the European Court of Justice addressed the longstanding question of whether corporate tax rates set by regional authorities involve State aid. The consequence of these policy outcomes is that national governments and 'genuinely' autonomous regional authorities may operate more generous tax measures than those authorised under the State aid rules in the most severely disadvantaged regions. This raises important issues for EU Cohesion policy and small island economies, as well as for the relationship between EU Competition policy and taxation.
Item type: | Article |
ID code: | 41891 |
Keywords: | state aid, tax competition , regional development, outermost regions, Regional organization and integration. Comparative law, Sociology and Political Science, Political Science and International Relations |
Subjects: | Law > Europe > Regional organization and integration. Comparative law |
Department: | Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (HaSS) > School of Government and Public Policy > European Policies Research Centre |
Depositing user: | Pure Administrator |
Date Deposited: | 02 Nov 2012 12:59 |
Last modified: | 27 Mar 2014 10:40 |
Related URLs: | |
URI: | http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/41891 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |


text:
Get the Best Priced Hummer Flex Plate
- Fast Shipping
- 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee
- Lowest Prices
Hummer Replacement Flywheel Plate
Shop www.PartsGeek.com every time you desire the best OEM or aftermarket car and truck parts and you'll be rewarded with our world-class service and a great price every day. Reliable OEM parts are what mechanics need to keep your vehicle in running order however tough the environment.
There are times you have to get a Flex Plate for road safety or utilitarian needs, or it could be that it's an item to enjoy; regardless, find the best quality you can swing. When it turns out you need to buy Hummer parts, it's wise to look for the best quality parts you can buy - and here at partsgeek.com you also see the most reasonable prices anywhere all done with world class service. The daily drivability and skilled design of your high-quality car or truck are excellent reasons for the purchase of OEM and aftermarket systems with the same level of value; those parts don't need to require a second mortgage. When you got a car or truck, you made an investment that likely will be with your family for a lengthy period; protect that choice by purchasing first-rate auto parts. Hummer sells well-regarded automobiles, and they are regularly found on America's roadways. A car or truck's flex plate is an essential module in the linkage between transmission and driveshaft. As the vehicle's flex plate is exposed to the elements, the unit can crack and fail.
Selection of parts seems to be very good and the order turnaround time was fantastic-will definitely use again.
Extremely Fast Shipping! Received Part...the NEXT DAY! Strong Communication via email when shipped. Part received solved car problem. Highly Satisfied!


text: I wrote several verses and multiple choruses for a Not Valentine's song for you, but I ended up hating it, so you get a straight-up comic instead. Simply put, though, I fail to see how setting high expectations for romance that you demand as being a great idea for a holiday about love. Somehow celebrating love is more true today than other days? That's mildly insane. Anyway, Happy Old People Sex Day. Since that's really what today is about.


text:
| Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
| |||
| |||
Blades of Time: Schoolgirl/Summer costumes, profile.blk
Has anyone unlocked these new costumes yet? If so, what was the requirement to do so? Also, is there a cheat/hack to activate these costumes? I tried typing the costume "summer_costume" into the "profile.blk" file (AppData/Local/BladesOfTime; seems to hold the general inventory, including costumes, like "skyguard_costume"), but it doesn't register during the game. Trying to overwrite costume files in the game folder doesn't seem to work, either. I 100%'ed the game on XBox, but I'm currently swamped and won't be able to play the PC version for a bit...otherwise, I'd explore this myself. |
| |||
| |||
Re: Blades of Time: Schoolgirl/Summer costumes, profile.blk
I cant tell you about the Xbox 360 version of Blades of Time and as well as that on Playstation 3 as I play the game on PC. In the PC version in the system folders of the game, there is a folder by name texpack which contain all the groups and files for the costume for the character of this game. You can find that folder by running a search in the folder of the game. I have unlocked three costumes in this game and the fourth costume that she wears by default, which makes it four costumes. I referred many websites on internet to find any possible way to unlock this costume by playing the game. I have also tried renaming the schoolgirl costume as dragon costume so that when the game searches for the default costume, it will automatically load the locked schoolgirl; costume, but this method failed. The game would start and would play the cut scene in the beginning, but then it would fail to load. I think there must be some way to unlock the school girl costume by playing the game on different difficulty levels or must be some secret way to unlock it. I am currently searching for some secret passage or some secret mission that I must have missed which will unlock the costume. |
| |||
| |||
Re: Blades of Time: Schoolgirl/Summer costumes, profile.blk
Kunal, Thanks for your reply! Yes, I was talking about the PC version, although I have played the 360 one, too. I tried the same thing you did with overwriting costume files, but got the same results. I was also talking about something you might be unaware of, which is the AppData/Local/BladesOfTime folder in your user profile folder on Windows. There are game files in there than you can edit via text, namely "profile.blk", which contains inventory, and "save.blk" (your save). I tried adding "summer_costume" to the profile.blk, but, again, same result as you. You said you unlocked *three*? So, including the base, that means you have four overall? Which costumes do you have? It seems you've unlocked an extra, if you say you have four overall, since you only get three overall in the story. I've been looking for any info anywhere on all of this, too, so, let's keep each other posted. |
Tags: blades of time, costumes, profile |
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
Similar Threads for: "Blades of Time: Schoolgirl/Summer costumes, profile.blk" | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
Extras available in Blades of Time | Paandu | Video Games | 4 | 10-05-2012 10:02 AM |
Time required to complete Blades of Time | Esmond Ivers | Video Games | 1 | 08-05-2012 07:41 PM |
Not getting sound with Blades of Time | Coos Richard | Video Games | 6 | 04-05-2012 08:20 PM |
Bugs in Blades of Time | Neha Singh | Video Games | 4 | 30-04-2012 05:50 PM |
Are there any secret costumes in Spider-Man: Edge of Time? | bIbEkS | Video Games | 4 | 20-10-2011 08:01 PM |


text:
Location: HomePage > Medical News Medical News
Three classification double channel routine blood analyzer price
в—ҮAdded : 2012-07-19 09:40:16гҖҖгҖҖв—Үhits : 130
Clinical department is all big hospitals will set a department, the sterilization of medical analyzer is mostly responsible for inspection of all kinds of test provides the patient to the sample, such as blood analyzer, urine analyzer, electrolyte analyzer and so on. Among them are called blood and blood analyzer routine chemistry, because it is routine blood test project. Routine blood test believes that many people have heard of, no matter be regular yearly check or entry physical examination, or physical examination certificate, little not a is routine blood test. Perlong medical--three classification double channel routine blood detector XFA6000 Intelligent Perlong medical treatment is a collection of scientific research, production, sales for the integration of new modern enterprise, the collection research and development, the production, the sale to a body, focus on one-time medical instrument the innovation of the product, has the abundant production strength and strong sales team, our promise: Recommended Products


text:
Saturday, February 23, 2008
No, Not The Zest One
I saw this old Clemens ad on TV the other day. I finally thought to check to see if it was on GooTube, and I found it. (The guy who put it up lists his one favorite video as a Ginoooo video! Awesome.) Anyway, too bad you went on to wear a "damn Yankee hat," traitor/liar/cheater boy....
<< Home
Post a Comment
If you're "anonymous," please leave a name, even if it's a fake one, for differentiation purposes.
If you're having trouble commenting, try signing in to whatever account you're using first, then come back here once you're signed in.
<< Home


text:
Chennai, Dec 23:
Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J. Jayalalithaa will attend the swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi as Gujarat Chief Minister on December 26.
Jayalalithaa will be visiting Gujarat following an invitation from Modi, who was elected as Chief Minister for a third consecutive time, an official release said today.
Modi, who maintains a good rapport with Jayalalithaa, attended her swearing-in ceremony after AIADMK swept back to power after the April 2011 Assembly elections.
She also deputed two of her party MPs, V. Maithreyan and M. Thambidurai, as emissaries to attend Modi's 'Sadbhavana Mission' last year.


text:
CENTURY 21 Millennium Inc. › 1460 Evenside Cres, Mississauga, ON L5M 3Y2
Absolutely Gorgeous Home!! In A Demand Quiet Location! Upgrades Galore! Includes Stunning Quality Kitchen With Granite Countertops (07), Strip Hardwood Floors Thruout (07), Professionally Finished Bsmt With 3Pc Washroom & Rec Rm (07), Hi Eff Furnace & Hot Water Boiler (06)*New Roof (06)*Windows Replaced*All Washrooms Fully Renovated*Very Bright & Tastefully Decorated Home With Quality Finishings Thruout*Only Steps To Schools,Transit,Shopping*See Virtual Tour Fridge,Stove,Dishwasher,Washer,Dryer,Quality Pot Lights,Water Softner,New Hot Water Boiler,Cac,Central Vacuum.Exclude:Dining Rm, Master Ens, Powder Rm & Front Porch Light Fixtures, Main Bathrm & Powder Rm Mirrors (To Be Replaced) & Drapes.
Your message has been sent.
Independently Owned and Operated. CENTURY 21® is a registered trademark owned by Century 21 Real Estate LLC, used under license. © 2011 Century 21 Canada Limited Partnership
Welcome  | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Blog Terms and Conditions | Feedback | OnlineOffice
All information displayed is believed to be accurate but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. No warranties or representations are made of any kind.
Search facilities, other than by a consumer seeking to purchase or lease real estate, are prohibited.
Property Information Last Updated: 2015-04-25 at 5:47 PM
© 1999-2015 WhereToLive.com, Inc.


text:
An American Tail
Producer Steven Spielberg's first dabble in animation follows the 19th century adventures of a young Russian mouse who is washed overboard when his family moves to America. Smashing attention to detail and a menagerie of oddball characters ensure the skittery immigrant finds plenty of local colour in his adopted country. But yikes, despite all the rumours, the place is actually swarming with cats!
- Directors: Don Bluth
- Starring: Dom DeLuise, Christopher Plummer, Madeline Kahn, Nehemiah Persoff
- Genres: Family, Animation
- More Info Read review on Sky Movies.com
- Release Date 1986
- Certificate U


text:
Take the Kids: Doylestown, PAWhat to do with kids in and around Doylestown, PA |
Kids and Mother Nature in Philly & The 'Burbs |
Event Date/Time | Mar 1, 2012 to Mar 31, 2012
Description |
During the Philadelphia Girl Power show, learn about remarkable women such as Betsy Ross & Marian Anderson who have called Philadelphia home. During the Women of Power show, explore extraordinary women throughout history and the issues they faced while trying to secure equal rights. The Center's main exhibition highlights defining moments in women's history. Artifact highlights include a judicial robe worn by retired Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and a collection of artifacts from Susan B. Anthony. |
Cost | Free with admission, $8-$14.50, ages 2 & younger free | ||||||||||||
Location |
National Constitution Center |
Additional Information |
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


text:
Please come!!! BUY YOUR TICKETS NOW!
also – are you on my email list? Read my most recent update!
Please come!!! BUY YOUR TICKETS NOW!
also – are you on my email list? Read my most recent update!
My solo theater show, "Ungrateful Daughter" is up for the "People's Choice" award for 510Arts.com for the East Bay here in Northern California! Please please go to the website and vote for this important work to win this award!!
As part of the ASAC's "Adoption: Secret Histories, Public Policies" 3rd International Conference, 2010, on Friday April 30th I'll be performing UD and sharing the stage with some other writerly folk impacted by adoption, Martha Gelarden, Adam Lazar, Ned Balbo, Rosemary Starace, and Craig Hickman.
Friday April 30th
Bldg 32-Room 123
I'm so excited! I hope if you are near you can come out and say hello.
Hey ya'll! I've got some upcoming performances of my solo theater show! I'd love it if you came out!
Full description of the show here
March 3
Excerpt at WordsFirst at Counterpulse in SF, 7:30pm
For Tickets go HERE
Tickets, sliding scale: $15-$20
Half-price discount code: firstwords
Discount tix: $7.50-$10
April 8
Ungrateful Daughter full solo show Debut at StageWerks in SF, 8pm
April 22
Ungrateful Daughter full solo show Debut at StageWerks in SF, 8pm
TICKETS to the April 8th or 22nd shows Go here to BrownPaperTickets!
Since yesterday I've been a bit overwhelmed with so many feelings around Michael Jackson's death. I'm in the process of writing a blog from my perspective on this. Michael Jackson had a major impact on me as a black child who was a singer and performer growing up in an all white setting. I have much to say. soon.
I will miss him and will always love the music, passion and love he brought to the world.
until then read these:
Davey D
Looking Through the Window: May Michael Jackson Rest in Peace
Adrienne Maree Brown at Colorlines Blog
Michael Jackson – Who's Loving You?
Jessie at Racism Review
Michael Jackson RIP
The Meaning of MJ at Feministing.com
Next week I'll be headed to LA for the Mixed Roots Film and Literary festival. Its held at the Japanese American United Museum in downtown LA!!
I'm performing a short piece from "Ungrateful Daughter" and be co-presenting in a writing workshop with my good friend, amazing writer and blogger Susan Ito about mixed-race adoptees and writing.
The festival is FREE. You should come.
I got a new solo piece I'm showing at the Monday Night Marsh in SF! I hope you can make it out.
This piece doesnt look at transracial adoption in a specific way – but what is does do is try to think about how the nature of adoption and foster care plays upon the notion of "abandonment" and causing a permanent scar upon the person who is adopted or in foster care. What happens to someone when their first link to love and security is broken and severed permanently? How does that impact their ability to love deeply, create intimacies and maintain committed relationships?
sounds deep i know – but its actually gonna be funny! I hope you can come thru. I'll be sharing the stage with 4 other amazing solo performers for a full night of theater.
multiple singular voices
7:30 at the MARSH, SF
1062 Valencia Street (near 22nd Street) San Francisco, CA 94110
The Marsh Theater
MARTHA RYNBERG "Late Bloomer" Image, identity, judgement… all
housed in one body.
LISA MARIE author of the solo show "Ungrateful Daughter"
shares a new solo short. What's it like to be the best girlfriend
ever? Lisa Marie can tell you. Her newest piece investigates how to
maintain your cool, and move through relationships without any
baggage, or attachments – because that's what we all want – right?
COLLEEN TANI NAKAMOTO "SOFT TISSUE" What makes a woman a woman?
Which comes first – her body, her desires, her memories? What lives
in her soft tissue?
MzDEBRA "From A to B" Be prepared to put on your attentive
listening hat, because mzdebra has a lesson for you. It's all about
how to get from A to B, and it's important. There's a good reason
cave people didn't use emoticons, and it is not because they couldn't.
JULIA JACKSON "Tip the Board" A hilarious and touching look at the
age-old, yet uniquely American question, Who is Black enough?"


text:
Penthouse suite in Sölden in Tyrol - book your luxury holiday in the 5-star hotel Das Central in Sölden:
Panoramic view to the Ötztal river with balcony, located in our wellness residence, furnished in modern country house style, some suites on two floors, two separate bedrooms, 1 living room, 2 bathrooms, one with shower, bath tub, double wash basin, separate toilet, the other with shower, single sink and toilet, hairdryer, minibar, safe, telephone, digital TV. Size: 75-100 m²
- Weekend rate: from Thursday until Monday, up to 4 nights
- Prices are per person per day, excl. local tax: € 2,10 per adult/day
- Christmas/New Year's one-time surcharge: € 260,- per person; for children: € 130,-
- Festival one-time surcharge (02.01.-09.01.2015): € 150,- per person; for children: € 75,-
- Prices are per person per day, excl. local tax: € 2,50 per adult/day
- Prices per child per day in the parents room
- 1 child up to 9 years stays free in the parents room (from 25.07.-16.10.2015)!
- For all other children we charge the regular children rate!
- In our Family suite de luxe & Penthouse suite for the 3rd / 4th person - if adults - we charge € 150,- per adult/day!


text:
To embed, copy and paste the code into your website or blog:
Our Dealership Practice Group represents thousands of dealerships all across the country, from large consolidators, to regional groups, to single dealerships. Because of working so closely with so many dealerships for so many years, we've acquired an in-depth understanding of dealership operations as well as a wealth of practical experience in dealing with dealers' unique labor and employment issues.
In "Ask Fisher & Phillips," we will be taking some of the more common dealership questions and providing our response and advice. This section is based on our clients' real-life questions. But don't worry . . . all names have been removed to protect the innocent!
We have an employee who was off for five days taking care of his sick wife. He has been with the dealership for more than a year and worked more than 1,250 hours last year. I sent him the FMLA paperwork. He called me and said that he did not want to use his time off for FMLA, and instead was just going to use unpaid time off. What do I do now?
An employee does not have a choice whether or not to take FMLA. If the employee and the reason for the absence satisfy the requirements of FMLA, then you are legally obligated to grant it and he or she is obligated to take it. Otherwise their absence is simply unexcused. So tell the employee that you are taking him at his word that he needed time off to care for his wife (a FMLA-qualifying event) and that based on that representation, you have granted him five days of FMLA.
DISCLAIMER: Because of the generality of this update, the information provided herein may not be applicable in all situations and should not be acted upon without specific legal advice based on particular situations.
© Fisher & Phillips LLP | Attorney Advertising
Read fresh new writing on compliance, cybersecurity, Dodd-Frank, whistleblowers, social media, hiring & firing, patent reform, the NLRB, Obamacare, the SEC…
…or whatever matters the most to you. Follow authors, firms, and topics on JD Supra.
Create your news brief now - it's free and easy »
Many law firms today talk about value as if it's a new concept. At Fisher & Phillips, we were... View Profile »
See more »
Sign up for your custom alerts now, using LinkedIn ›


text:
Document Type
Under a prominent and influential economic model known as the permanent income hypothesis, people s decisions depend on their expected lifetime income, not their current income. If completely true, this hypothesis would have radical implications for tax, transfer, and entitlements policy. For example, unless modified by other information, it would suggest replacing the income tax with a consumption tax, establishing lifetime income averaging, viewing Social Security as irrelevant other than as a system for transferring lifetime resources between individuals, and dramatically changing welfare law to base aid purely on people s lifetime income, as distinct from their current circumstances. However, incomplete markets and departures from rational behavior, by shortening people s planning horizons, weaken some of permanent income s implications and refute others.
Date of Authorship for this Version
July 2006
Recommended Citation
Shaviro, Daniel N., "Permanent Income and the Annual Income Tax" (2006). New York University Law and Economics Working Papers. Paper 61.
Included in
Economics Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Taxation Commons, Taxation-Federal Income Commons


text:
Building upon the foundations of education and experience, the professional nurse who chooses the pathway resulting in an advanced degree will make a positive impact on the health and well-being of individuals, families and communities.Whether MSN students desire to sharpen nursing processes and critical thinking skills in preparation to educate other health team members, provide direct primary care or lead a class of students studying their chosen profession of nursing, Marian's program for a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree will prepare graduates to assume teaching roles and advanced practice and leadership roles.
MSN degree program tracks include:
Marian has a male to female ratio of 1:3 (Source: Marian University Office of Institutional Research, June 2014).
Marian University - Main Campus 45 S. National Ave. Fond du Lac, WI 54935-4699
CALL: 1-800-2-MARIAN (1-800-262-7426)EMAIL: email@example.com
© Copyright 2013 Marian University • Founded 1936 • Sponsored by the Congregation of Sisters of St. Agnes • Accreditation • Contact Us • Privacy Policy • Tobacco-Free Campus


text:
Data recovery Software
- OS: All BSD Platforms (FreeBSD/NetBSD/OpenBSD/Apple Mac OS X) ×
SILVERCODERS DocToText Extracts plain text from documents in all popular formats.
44 weekly downloads -
ReMove to Waste rmw (ReMove to Waste) is a command line recycle bin/trash can utility
5 weekly downloads -
Data Integrity Monitor Monitoring (checking, validating) the integrity of data on a storage device based on hash signatures generated earlier for all files to be monitored. The validation process can be started manually or automatically by using a schedule.
0 weekly downloads


text:
By Advocate.com Editors
Originally published on Advocate.com December 23 2009 11:00 AM ET
Fat loss from the face, a common side effect of antiretroviral therapy, causes increased stress, anxiety, depression, and a disruption of normal social interaction, according to a study presented at the Seventh International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV.
Of 35 HIV patients experiencing facial lipoatrophy, 71% were shown to have borderline or higher levels of anxiety and 48% had symptoms of depression. All but one of the study participants reported a loss of confidence caused by noticeable loss of facial fat, 71% had social anxiety caused by their appearance, and 85% said they believed their condition publicly identified them as being HIV-positive.
Self-esteem and quality-of-life levels also were low among study subjects -- and were shown to be lower than levels reported by adults with other chronic illnesses, the researchers reported.
[1] http://www.advocate.com/
[2] http://www.advocate.com/health


text:
What Does DogFriendly.com Offer? Select From Our Pull-Down Menu Dog-Friendly Hotels & Lodging Dog-Friendly City Guides ...Attractions, Restaurants & More Dog-Friendly Ski Resorts Dog-Friendly Camping/RV Parks Dog-Friendly Beach Guide Dog-Friendly Outdoor Dining Dog-Friendly Attraction Guide Dog-Friendly Park Guide Off-Leash Dog Parks Public Transportation & Dogs Dog Camps Dog-Friendly Events Dog Photo Gallery Dog & Pet Store Dog Travel Guide Books Top 10 Dog-Friendly Cities Top 10 Dog-Friendly Resorts DogFriendly.com's Newsletter Book Reseller Information Advertise with DogFriendly.com Online Press Kit About Us/Contact Us
U.S. Dog Travel Guides
Dog City Guides
Outdoor Dining
Dog Parks
Dog & Pet Store
Campgrounds & RV Parks
Dog Travel Books
Mobile Apps
Dog Photos
Econo Lodge Christiansburg
Econo Lodge ChristiansburgDog-Friendly Hotels2430 Roanoke StreetChristiansburg,Virginia 24073Call 866-676-3077 To Book This Hotel Get Map or Directions Easy access off of I-81. Many restaurants nearby. Shopping & Antiques nearby. VA Tech only 10 min away. Free Continental Breakfast. FREE wireless high speed Internet available in all rooms. Pet accommodation: 10.00/night per pet.Easy access off of I-81. Many restaurants nearby. Shopping & Antiques nearby. VA Tech only 10 min away. Dogs of all sizes are allowed. Dogs are allowed for a pet fee of $10.00 per pet per night.
=indicates DogFriendly.com's dog-friendly advertisers!
Air Travel
Highway Guides
Books and Ebooks
List Your Property
About Us
Press Kit
Contact Us
Recommend Places


text:
Eddie Toh
From Grand Theft Wiki
Revision as of 20:32, 3 October 2013 by A-Dust (Talk | contribs) (Adding potential mission appearances.)
Eddie Toh | |
[[Image::File:EddieToh-GTAV.jpg| ]] | |
Appearances | GTA V |
Full Name | Eddie Toh |
Status |
Alive |
Gender | Gender::Male |
Home | Los Santos |
Main Affiliations |
Lester Crest Michael De Santa Franklin Clinton Trevor Philips |
Voiced by | David Shih |
Eddie Toh is a character in the HD Universe appearing as a minor character in Grand Theft Auto V.
Character history
Eddie Toh, by 2013, had become an experienced driver and involved in the criminal underworld of Los Santos. When Michael De Santa begins to set up a new crew to perform a heist at Vangelico's Fine Jewelry with Eddie Toh one of the people suggested for the crew by Lester Crest. The player can choose to use his services in three heists for a fourteen percent cut of the take.
Mission appearances
- The Jewel Store Job (player choice)
- The Bureau Raid (player choice)
- The Big Score (player choice)


text:
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
CancerCare provides free, professional support services for people affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment information and additional resources.
Get Support
Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Contact us at 800‑813‑HOPE (4673) or email@example.com.
Learn more about counseling.
Financial Assistance
Find resources and support to manage your financial concerns. Limited assistance from CancerCare® is available to eligible families for cancer-related costs.
Support Groups
Connect with others in our free support groups led by oncology social workers.
Community Programs
If you live in New York, New Jersey, or Connecticut, learn about and view the full calendar of our free community programs.
Find Information
Connect Education Workshops™
Listen in by telephone or online as leading experts in oncology provide up-to-date information about cancer-related issues in one-hour workshops. Podcasts are also available.
Upcoming Workshops
General Topics
- Understanding Diagnostic Technologies and Biomarkers, May 6, 2015
- View all general upcoming workshops...
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Treatment Update for Adults Living with Acute Lymphocytic/Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Update from the 2014 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting
- Update from the 2013 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting
General Topics
Read or order our free Connect booklets and fact sheets offering easy-to-read information about the latest cancer treatments, managing side effects and coping with cancer.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Latest News in Blood Cancer Research: Highlights from the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology
- Your Guide to the Latest Cancer Research and Treatments: Highlights from the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
General Topics
- Caregiving for Your Loved One With Cancer
- Coping With Cancer: Tools to Help You Live
- Communicating With Your Health Care Team
- Helping Children When a Family Member Has Cancer
- Understanding and Managing Chemotherapy Side Effects
- If You've Just Been Diagnosed
- Caring Advice for Caregivers: How Can You Help Yourself?
- Finding Resources in Your Community
- Sources of Financial Assistance
- "What Can I Say to a Newly Diagnosed Loved One?"
Ask CancerCare
Every month, featured experts answer your questions about coping with cancer. View all questions and answers.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Browse all CancerCare services
by Diagnosis
by Topic
Additional Resources
For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Be the Match® Patient Services
800‑627‑7692, bethematch.org
Blood & Marrow Transplant Information Network
888‑597‑7674, bmtinfonet.org
Leukemia Research Foundation
847‑424‑0600, leukemia-research.org
National Bone Marrow Transplant Link
800‑546‑5268, nbmtlink.org
The Bone Marrow Foundation
800‑365‑1336, bonemarrow.org
The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
800‑955‑4572, lls.org
The Max Foundation
888‑462‑9368, themaxfoundation.org
General Cancer Resources
American Cancer Society
800‑227‑2345, cancer.org
Cancer Support Community
888‑793‑9355, cancersupportcommunity.org
Medical Information
National Cancer Institute
800‑422‑6237, cancer.gov


text:
When a Jeopardy contestant couldn't come up with the show's final answer, he took a different approach, coming up with a funny answer that made viewers laugh.
Epic Final Jeopardy answer will make you chuckle
Published On: Jun 27 2014 03:01:36 PM CDT
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.
blog comments powered by Disqus


text:
Cancer vaccine based on pathogenic listeria bacteria shows promise targeting metastases
...umor with generalized antitumor chemicals, such as interferon and tumor necrosis factor, as well as activated T-...d cytokines -- including tumor necrosis factor and interferon -- that mobilize generalized killing machines such as macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer ce...Researchers identify protein promoting vascular tumor growth
...se current therapies including steroids and alpha interferon have a number of high-risk side effects. Steroids...d cause weight gain and irritability. Use of alpha interferon as a medication in children can cause irreversible neurologic damage. Surgical removal is too danger...Other highlights in the September 1 JNCI
... may be able to help determine the optimal dose of interferon alfa for patients undergoing immunotherapy. Contact: Michelle Gailiun, Ohio State University, 614-293-3737, firstname.lastname@example.com Scientists Outline Best Methods for Determining Health Benefits of Diet and Exercise Changes in patterns ...Researchers develop better understanding of immune response to viral infection
...ally depleted, resulting in a dramatic decrease in interferon levels, other cell types compensated for this deficiency by secreting cytokines that ensured an efficient activation of NK cells and substantial control of MCMV infection. "In this study, we demonstrate that TLR9 recognizes MCMV in IPC and DC and tha...Patients' cells from tumors, the immune system merged for customized cancer therapy
...ubled the percentage of CD4+ T cells that produced interferon gamma, a cytokine integral to the immune response....d the percentage of CD8+ T cells that produced the interferon in response to exposure to the tumor. "The increase of these interferon-producing T cells indicated...Susceptibility of mice to mousepox offers promise of smallpox protection
...ine antivirals and cytokines such as such as gamma interferon to increase the efficacy of the treatment of poxvi...immune system cells to produce an immune response: interferon gamma (IFN-), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Collectively, this is known as ...Small trial shows daclizumab add-on therapy improves MS outcome
...ith multiple sclerosis (MS) who did not respond to interferon alone found that adding the human antibody daclizu...essive 3 MS. Each patient was treated with beta interferon - a naturally occurring antiviral protein commonly used to treat MS. Patients also received 7 treat...Jay Levy honored with 2004 Abbott Laboratories Award in Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology
...wn that the interaction of CD8+ cells with PDCs or interferon restores antiviral responses. After graduating with high honors from Wesleyan University, Levy received Fulbright and French Government fellowships to conduct research at the Universit de Paris in France. He earned his medical degree from the Col...Viral immunosuppression: Not just a game of hide and go seek
...tivation of DCs. Ironically, the release of type I interferon in response to LCMV infection, which normally cont...niversity discusses the paradoxical role of type 1 interferon in the immune suppression following LCMV infection and the novel way in which this virus not only el...JCI table of contents, March 1 2004
...tivation of DCs. Ironically, the release of type I interferon in response to LCMV infection, which normally cont...niversity discusses the paradoxical role of type 1 interferon in the immune suppression following LCMV infection and the novel way in which this virus not only el...Anti-interferon beta antibodies in MS care: A consensus
...zing antibodies (NAbs) has a significant effect on interferon beta therapy and this issue warrants the attention...S patients take disease-modifying therapies called interferon betas, which reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses or attacks, reduce brain lesion develo...Structure solved by Scripps scientists shows one way that body controls gene expression
...ctor (TNF) and interferons, by marking the TNF and interferon mRNAs for destruction. With incredible specificity...omain to recognize particular sequences of TNF and interferon mRNA. By solving the structure, Wright and his colleagues revealed for the first time in atom...Novel therapies show promise against myeloid leukemia
... tumors in the lungs of immunodeficient mice. The interferon was produced by MSC after their infection with a v...nic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis, MSC-produced interferon alpha (IFNaMSC) inhibited tumor growth in vivo and doubled the survival rates of CML bearing mice. ...Cytokine signal shuts down hyperactive T cells
...lus of activated T cells and increasing amounts of interferon gamma, a cytokine that activates antigen-presenting cells and other parts of the immune system. These results differed from previous studies that showed IL-27 to be among the many cytokines involved in T-cell differentiation and growth. Despite its ...UB researchers show first evidence of pharmacogenomic differences in patients' responses to MS drug
...idely used drug for treating multiple sclerosis -- interferon beta (IFN-beta-1a) -- can modulate the expression of particular genes in patients being treated for the disease. Their results show that IFN-beta-1a initiates different patterns of genetic expression in different MS patients, information that could ...Zadaxin in triple therapy shows 61% response for hepatitis C non-responders
...owing ZADAXIN® in combination with pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin produced a 12-week early virol...ents who had failed to respond to prior therapy of interferon in combination with ribavirin. By comparison, separate recent studies show that pegylated interfero...Improving the body's 'homeland security' against TB
...otably James Darnell's seminal descriptions of the interferon and Jak-STAT pathways, Zanvil Cohn's pioneering experiments on macrophage immunobiology and Christian de Duve's Nobel Prize-winning research on the lysosome. Others, such as current faculty members Ralph Steinman and Charles Rice, are similarly inter...White House awards National Medal of Science to Rockefeller University's James Darnell
...tch on a group of interferon-responsive genes when interferon contacts cells. Interferon, a cytokine used in anti-cancer and anti-viral therapy to halt or slow proliferation of cancer cells or viruses, is sometimes used in combination with chemotherapy. Darnell's lab also has shown that the persistent activati...First company founded on UCF biotechnology formed
...is groundbreaking methods of growing drugs such as interferon in tobacco leaves. "Tobacco is the fruit fly of p...it costs about $26,000 per Hepatitis C patient for interferon therapy (of a few months' duration). However, the daily income of one-third of the world's populatio......aken a few different routes to avoid eliciting the interferon response, and while some have been successful, non...oreign RNA into a cell), which both side steps the interferon response and allows for the tissue-specific suppression of gene expression. This vector, called pDEC...


text:
LOB_NY Yankees 8, Seattle 6. 2B_R.Cano, J.Nix. HR_D.Jeter (8) off H.Iwakuma. SB_C.Granderson (8). CS_I.Suzuki. GIDP_R.Cano, M.Carp. DP_NY Yankees 1 (M.Teixeira and D.Jeter); Seattle 1 (D.Ackley, M.Kawasaki and M.Carp).
I.Nova pitched to 2 batters in the 6th. J.Kinney pitched to 1 batter in the 8th. IBB_off S.Kelley (E.Chavez). HBP_by J.Kinney (D.Jeter). T_3:27. A_36071. Umpires_Home,Manny Gonzalez; First, Gerry Davis; Second, Phil Cuzzi; Third, Greg Gibson. |


text:
aka JM in the AM
Three hours of music, talk and information geared toward the Jewish community of New York and New Jersey.
(Visit homepage.)
<-- Previous playlist | Back to Jewish Moments in the Morning with Nachum Segal playlists | Next playlist -->
September 17, 2007: Guests: Dr. Theo Sussheim, David Mandel, Mrs Breindel Lehon, & Rabbi Paysach Krohn
Listen to this show: