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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The climate change research community is developing a toolkit for creating new scenarios to explore and evaluate the extensive uncertainties associated with future climate change and development pathways. Components of the toolkit include pathways for greenhouse gas emissions over this century and their associated magnitude and pattern of climate change; descriptions of a range of possible socioeconomic development pathways, including qualitative narratives and quantitative elements; and climate change policies to achieve specific levels of radiative forcing and levels of adaptive capacity. These components are combined within a matrix architecture to create a scenario. Five reference socioeconomic development pathways have been described along axes describing increasing socioeconomic and environmental challenges to adaptation and to mitigation. This paper extends these global pathways to describe their possible consequences for public health and health care, and considers the additional elements that could be added to increase the relevance of the new scenarios to address a wider range of policy relevant questions than previously possible.
The future is inherently uncertain, calling for the use of scenarios to describe the range and character of possible futures. A
Independent of climate change, socioeconomic factors will alter future burdens of climate-sensitive health outcomes and the status of public health and health care infrastructure. These, in turn, will interact with climate change, leading to different risks under different development pathways. Many projections of the health risks of climate change make limited to no explicit socioeconomic assumptions, perhaps incorporating demographic change and economic growth. These projections typically have focused only on what changing weather patterns could mean for climate-relevant health outcomes. Although such an approach provides valuable insights, it also implicitly assumes the current drivers and distribution of vulnerabilities and capabilities, and the level of adaptation, will not change in the future. These are not plausible assumptions, so such projections may not provide realistic analyses to support policy- and decision-making. Different socioeconomic futures need to be considered to provide more credible analyses of the range of possible future health risks associated with climate change. Factors that could be considered include:
possible advances in legislation, the built environment, technology, surveillance and control strategies, diagnosis and treatment, etc., and their deployment; progress in reaching sustainable development goals; level of education of women and policies that promote reproductive rights; and other factors that could alter future burdens of climate-related diseases and the status of the public health and health care infrastructure and institutions with which climate change could interact.
Projections of the possible impacts of climate change have primarily been based on scenarios described in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) [
The SRES scenarios are becoming dated in terms of scientific understanding and in their assumptions about demographic and socioeconomic change over time. For example, earth system models now include the full basket of greenhouse gases, more detailed projections are available for land use and land use change over the century, and demographic projections for mid- to late-century are quite different from those used in the SRES. New scenarios are needed to cover the wider range of greenhouse gas concentrations explored in the literature (including those that could be reached by mitigation measures) and to facilitate integration of mitigation, adaptation, and impact analyses. Policy- and decision-makers are asking not just about the magnitude and pattern of climate change and associated impacts, but also how alternative mitigation and adaptation polices could assist in managing projected risks and take advantage of possible opportunities. Answering these types of questions requires considering how variables not included in the SRES scenarios, such as inequality and governance, could evolve under different development pathways.
At the end of the SRES process, it was decided that the scientific community would lead further scenario development because scenarios developed by the research community have greater scientific credibility; the potential for much wider participation of research groups across disciplines and geographic regions; and the growing ability of the climate research communities involved to self-organize [
Extensive discussions of approaches to and the process for developing new scenarios started in 2006 and continued over many meetings and workshops [
The parallel process describes a new approach to scenario development. Instead of the forward-looking process used for the SRES that starting with driving forces and their resulting emissions (from which atmospheric concentrations would be modeled), the scientific community agreed to first identify a small number of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (and their associated radiative forcing) in 2100, and then to simultaneously project climate change over the century and beyond, and to develop socioeconomic pathways to describe the evolution of elements over this century that could lead to the chosen concentrations [
The process being followed is a modification of the parallel process that is informed by an insight gained from the SRES [
Based on this insight, the new scenario process includes:
A preparatory phase designed to serve the needs of the earth system modeling community. Together with the IAM community, four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were chosen. The IAM community then determined the emissions that would produce each, taking into consideration emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived species specified on a 0.5° latitude x 0.5° longitude grid, and including land use and land cover. The development of the four RCPs is documented in a special issue of A parallel phase involving the earth system modeling community and the wide range of research communities needed to develop socioeconomic scenarios. The new scenario development is in this phase. The RCPs are being used in simulations by earth system models as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP-5), producing projections of the magnitude and pattern of climate change over this century and, in some cases, to 2300 [ An integration phase where scenarios for use in climate science research and assessment will be developed; this phase is just underway. These scenarios will integrate the socioeconomic development pathways with the climate change projections and with assumptions about climate mitigation and adaptation policies [
The new scenario process, particularly the development of the shared socioeconomic pathways, the shared climate policy assumptions, and the scenarios, is being coordinated by the International Committee on New Integrated Climate change assessment Scenarios (ICONICS;
Meetings of IAM and VIA researchers over the past two to three years facilitated progress on developing a framework for the socioeconomic development pathways ([
Instead of providing packaged scenarios similar to those included in the SRES, the process is producing a toolkit of essential elements that researchers can use to tailor-make scenarios to address a wide range of policy- and decision-relevant questions. These elements are organized through a scenario matrix architecture, with qualitative and quantitative elements, from three sets of building blocks:
Radiative forcing as described in the RCPs and resulting climate change; Socioeconomic development pathways; and Climate (mitigation and adaptation) policies.
In addition, marker (or reference) scenarios are under development to facilitate integration across disciplines and comparison within and across research communities [
The two main axes of the matrix are the level of radiative forcing (described in the RCPs); and a range of possible socioeconomic reference pathways (the SSPs, described in the next section) [
Shared Socioeconomic Pathways define plausible alternative global pathways by which human and natural systems could evolve over the 21st century that can be "shared" across all or several RCPs (e.g., the same socioeconomic pathway can lead to multiple emission pathways), and include a narrative and a set of quantified measures [
To encompass a wider range of possible development pathways of relevance for climate change research than were represented in the SRES, it was decided to define five SSPs along axes describing increasing socioeconomic and environmental challenges to adaptation and to mitigation effectiveness [
Defining the SSPs by challenges to adaptation and mitigation is very different from the SRES and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios that defined their axes by key socioeconomic driving forces assumed to be principal uncertainties determining the outcomes of interest [
Challenges to mitigation include factors and trends that generate high reference emissions in the absence of climate policy and reduce the social capacity to mitigate those emissions [
Socioeconomic challenges to adaptation increase the risks associated with any given level of climate change by making adaptation more difficult [
The challenges space is divided into five domains so that there is a middle development pathway (
Key characteristics of the SSPs include [ A focus on global socioeconomic and environmental trends and large world regions over the 21st century; Qualitative narratives and quantifications sufficient to distinguish the five domains; Information typically used as inputs to integrated assessment models of the global energy-economy-land use system or to global scale impacts models, such as assumptions about future demographics, economic development, and degree of global integration. Typical outcomes of these models are not included. Sufficient information to create the boundary conditions for extending the SSPs to develop scenarios at regional and sectoral scales.
Based on these characteristics, elements incorporated or being explored for incorporation into the SSPs include [ Demographics, including population and age structure, and urban vs. rural populations; Economic development, including global and regional gross domestic product, trends in productivity, and proportion of population in extreme poverty; Welfare (including human development), educational attainment, and health; Environmental and ecological factors, including air, water, and soil quality; Resources, including fossil fuels and renewable energy potentials; Institutions and governance, including existence, type, and effectiveness; Technological development, including type and diffusion of technological progress; Broader societal factors, including attitudes to the environment and sustainability, and life styles; and Non-climate policies, such as policies on development, technology, urban planning, transportation, energy, and environment.
Scenarios designed to achieve a particular RCP may need to include mitigation and adaptation policies to reduce emissions to the specified level of radiative forcing and to have the designated capacity to cope with resulting climate change [
Of the wide variety of health outcomes that could be affected by climate change, the ones with the greatest worldwide burden are undernutrition, malaria, and diarrheal disease [
Some of this progress may be due to efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which include targets that helped catalyze major national and international efforts to reduce the burdens of undernutrition (MDG 1.C), malaria (MDG 6.C), and diarrheal disease (part of MDG 4). Significant progress on some targets had been made as of June 2013, measured against a 1990 baseline [
Target 1.C:
Target 4.A:
Target 6.C:
These trends are part of the backdrop against which narratives and quantifications of possible socioeconomic futures are being developed.
A brief summary of each SSP is followed by interpretations of that SSP for public health and health care. These summaries are based on the initial sketches of the SSPs in [
SSP1 depicts a world where population health improves significantly, with increased emphasis on enhancing public health and health care functions that, in turn, increase the capacity to prepare for, respond to, cope with, and recover from climate-related health risks. Coordinated, worldwide efforts through international institutions and non-governmental organizations to achieve sustainable development goals increase access to safe water, improved sanitation, medical care, education, and other factors in underserved populations. Social capital increases, resulting in more effective community-based efforts to manage local health and environmental quality. These improvements reduce the burden of these health outcomes before considering any impacts of climate change. Life expectancies increase in low-income countries with decreasing burdens of key causes of childhood mortality (undernutrition, diarrheal diseases, and malaria). However, as more children survive to adulthood, burdens of non-communicable diseases increase, although changes in dietary patterns and reductions in air pollution from burning fewer fossil fuels lower the burden of some chronic diseases. Funding increases for public health and health care organizations and institutions to improve (1) monitoring and surveillance systems of climate-related health outcomes that integrate health and environmental information, and of adaptation policies and measures; (2) research on and modeling of the health risks of climate change; (3) use of iterative management approaches to increase the effectiveness of adaptation policies and measures; (4) the number of health care and public health professionals and practitioners trained in climate change risks; and (5) technology development and deployment, such as identifying new diagnosis and treatment options and increasing use of telemedicine. Enhanced cooperation across sectors minimizes co-harms from adaptation options implemented in other sectors, such as agriculture and water. This cooperation and coordination leads to integrated effects to address food and water security, and to enhance protection from extreme weather and climate events.
SSP2 depicts a world where population health improves, although not as quickly as in a sustainability world. Progress in reducing the burden of climate-related health outcomes in low-income countries is slow and uneven, with not all low-income countries making progress. Public health and health care international institutions and nongovernmental organizations have an inadequate and not well-coordinated focus on addressing the burden of climate-related health outcomes. Access to safe water, improved sanitation, and medical care slowly improve. For many low-income countries, the burdens of infectious and chronic diseases increase (e.g., the double burden of disease), thus continuing the disproportional impacts of climate-relevant health outcomes on children. Multiple factors contribute to some countries making slower progress in reducing health burdens, including, in some low-income countries, high burdens of climate-related diseases combined with moderate to high population growth. Other contributing factors are constraints to adaptation because of limited human and financial resources and personnel, weak surveillance and control programs, and insufficient access to new technologies and expertise. Funding for public health infrastructure and health care falls below requirements, with inadequate resources and international commitment for (1) integrated monitoring and surveillance systems; (2) research on and modeling of the health risks of climate change; (3) iterative management approaches; (4) training health care and public health professionals and practitioners; and (5) technology development and deployment. Limited cooperation across sectors increases the probability of co-harms from adaptation and mitigation options implemented in other sectors. This lack of integration increases the health risks of food and water insecurity, and limits progress on managing the risks of extreme events and disasters. Adverse health outcomes associated with the burning of fossil fuels increase (with moderate progress on regulations on end-of-pipe measures to reduce air pollutants), particularly in rapidly industrializing economies, leading to increasing burdens of associated chronic diseases.
SSP3 depicts a world characterized by increasing mortality from climate-related health outcomes (particularly undernutrition, diarrheal diseases, and malaria) and possibly falling life expectancy in low-income countries because of increased childhood mortality, although some sub-regions enjoy better health. Developed and developing countries experience a double burden of infectious and chronic climate-related health outcomes. Challenges to improving human wellbeing in low- and middle-income countries include weak international and regional institutions, limited international cooperation, low investments in public health and health care infrastructure, and too few public health and health care personnel to address needs. Climate-related infectious diseases increase in developed countries with reduced funding for surveillance and monitoring programs, limited investment in research and technology development, less effective institutions for ensuring food and water safety, and poor access to health care. Urbanization mostly fails to improve access to safe water and improved sanitation, thus increasing the burden of infectious diseases, particularly in children and those living in unplanned settlements. Increasing reliance on fossil fuels and limited progress on regulations on end-of-pipe measures to reduce air pollutants, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, increases the burden of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. There is very high vulnerability to the impacts of extreme weather and climate events. To the extent to which regions focus on health issues, they do so only for issues of concern within the region; wealthier regions do not invest in research and development to help less well off regions manage health risks. Limited coordination also occurs within countries, resulting in adaptation and mitigation actions in other sectors sometimes adversely affecting health. Large regions of the world are food and water insecure, with limited trade to move food across regions.
SSP4 depicts a world where health differs from worlds with high challenges to adaptation and mitigation in the magnitude and extent of greenhouse gas emissions. Low challenges to mitigation make some aspects of this world similar to worlds with low challenges to adaptation and mitigation, with lower burdens of some chronic diseases from changes in dietary patterns and reductions in air pollution from less reliance on fossil fuels. This coexists with features of fragmented worlds (SSP3), with mortality increasing from other climate-related health outcomes (particularly undernutrition, diarrheal diseases, and malaria) in low- and middle-income countries with lower investment in public health and health care research, development, and training, poor access to health care, less effective institutions for monitoring water and food security, and high levels of unplanned urbanization. International and regional institutions are weak, providing limited funding and technical expertise for reducing health burdens in low-income countries who don't have the human or financial resources, or access to technology, to do so themselves. This is a highly vulnerable world, with limited capacity to avoid, prepare for, and cope with outbreaks of infectious diseases, episodes of high food insecurity, and extreme events. Limited co-operation across sectors increases co-harms from adaptation and mitigation options implemented in other sectors.
SSP5 depicts a world where health improves significantly, but not as much as in a sustainability world with low challenges to adaptation and mitigation (SSP1) because energy intensive systems increase the burning of fossil fuels, although progress on regulations on end-of-pipe measures reduces some air pollutants. As in SSP1, social capital increases. Because the challenges for local management of environmental quality are larger, the burden of chronic diseases is somewhat higher than in SSP1. Human and financial resources increase for public health and health care organizations, with a priority for improving the health of populations in low-income countries. The effectiveness of international organizations, and the emphasis on international and regional cooperation, enhances the capacity of health care and public health institutions to avoid, prepare for, and cope with climate-related health risks in underserved populations. This increased capacity, along with research and technology development and deployment, facilitates significant progress in achieving sustainable development goals, except those directed at energy efficiency, through improving access to safe water, improved sanitation, medical care, education, and other factors that reduce vulnerability. In addition, highly engineered urbanization has positive health effects by increasing access to safe water and improved sanitation, reducing the burden of water- and foodborne diseases. Therefore, life expectancies increase in low-income countries through decreasing burdens of undernutrition, diarrheal diseases, and malaria. At the same time, the burden of chronic diseases increases with more children surviving to adulthood. There is enhanced cooperation across sectors, limiting the potential for co-harms from adaptation and mitigation options.
Challenges space for shared socioeconomic pathways.
Source: [
The new scenario process offers a significant opportunity for the health sector to develop scenarios relevant for questions being asked and decisions that need to be taken by policy- and decision-makers about:
the extent to which climate change could affect the geographic range, seasonality, and incidence of climate-related health outcomes under different assumptions of future socioeconomic development; the extent to which adaptation and mitigation policies could avoid those health risks and increase the capacity of the health sector to prepare for, cope with, and recover from climate change, and what these policies will cost; and how the balance of adaptation and mitigation policies could alter health burdens over time.
The toolkit being produced focuses on the global scale, providing narratives and quantifications that create boundary conditions for sectoral and regional extensions. Creating health-specific extensions is the responsibility of the health sector.
Scenarios developed from this process allow exploration of the interplay between development pathways and climate change, furthering understanding of where best to place scarce human and financial resources to manage risks. For example, climate change alone is projected to increase mortality from heatwaves [
The health sector will need to self-organize to produce their own SSP extensions to underlie projections of health impacts under different degrees of climate change and patterns of development. However, the sector is not currently organized to do so. Among the consequences of the IPCC leading previous scenario development is that there is no tradition of international and national organizations funding health scenario development. To facilitate the process of developing health extensions, it would be helpful for some international and national public health and health care organizations to sponsor an international meeting to discuss and agree which elements would be most useful to add to the SSPs to facilitate understanding of and managing possible future health risks. Such a meeting should include the representatives of relevant communities, including climate change and health impacts, mitigation and adaptation, and development. For example, understanding how climate change could affect the future geographic range of infectious diseases and malnutrition in low-income countries would ideally include projections of how maternal and childhood mortality could change independent of climate change under different development pathways. These and other potentially desirable variables are important measures in their own right as well as indicators of the ability of nations (and the non-governmental and other organizations operating in a particular country) to deliver primary health care and public health services. The limited efforts to project how socioeconomic and other key determinants of health burdens could evolve over coming decades could be augmented to provide a broader range of projections of socioeconomic and health-determining variables over longer temporal scales and at finer spatial resolution. It may be helpful to create partnerships with individuals and groups working on issues such as the global burden of disease and measures of health governance. The proposed meeting also could discuss the process for constructing and vetting the extended narratives, how to produce the desired quantifications, the process for coordinating these activities, and possible funding opportunities.
Another issue that would be useful to consider is creating scenarios over shorter time periods than this century. Few health adaptation decisions will be affected by the magnitude and pattern of climate change later in the century. Assuming the health sector practices iterative risk management, then adaptation decisions, such as modifications of surveillance and monitoring programs to take changing weather patterns into account, can focus on projected climate change over the next few decades. Infrastructure is one exception; decisions on the placement and character of infrastructure will be more robust if the risks later in the century, including uncertainties, are considered.
Richer narratives and quantifications of the SSPs would be helpful for these shorter-term decisions. One approach is to use the extensive data gathered on the progress towards meeting the MDGs and estimates of when (and where) particular targets will be achieved. One could view the middle-of-the-road SSP (SSP2) as a world that achieves the MDGs perhaps a bit more slowly than is the current situation. The sustainability SSP (SSP1) is a world moving more quickly to achieve all MDGs and the sustainability goals (SDGs) that will succeed them. The fragmented SSP (SSP3) is a world that achieves the MDGs, if at all, only after a long delay. Each SSP could be enriched with more narrative elements and information on how the MDGs and SDGs could evolve over the next two to three decades. In addition, because poverty is a key determinant of vulnerability, it also could be useful to explore the possibility of constructing multidimensional poverty indexes to describe how vulnerability could evolve under different socioeconomic development pathways (e.g., [
The possibilities for SSP elaborations are large, including over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The questions are what scenarios would be most useful to health decision- and policy-makers to support their efforts to increase resilience to the health risks of climate variability and change under different development pathways, and how to go about developing them.
The author thanks the reviewers for their constructive and useful suggestions for improving the clarity and content of this paper.
The author declares no conflict of interest.


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Online marketing Master!
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
DO YOU THINK YOU ARE AN ONLINE MARKETING MASTER? So do you? Well if you are I have a project for you! Please study my website, www.ghpartygear.com. Now answer these questions with detail, if you do not answer them all I will not hire you!
1) Who is my target market?
2) How will you market my site?
3) What results can I expect from your work?
4) What is my logo of (test)?
5) What are your strongest marketing skills, and your weakest?
6) What will you do, where will you campaign?
7) What is the most effective thing that you can do for me?
8) what makes you better than everyone else that is applying to this job?
I am interested in someone that can market for me within the US! I want results so people that are actually going to buy things not just random traffic! Good luck to you!
Skills: marketing, test

subset: commoncrawl


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I have a Media PC with an AMD Phenom II X4 965 processor, now an MSI 790FX-GD70motherboard and an ATI HD 3600 series video card. My primary display was an older Sony XBR WEGA component video HDTV. I upgraded to this motherboard from a Gigabyte 790X based motherboard that had failed. After installing the new motherboard WIndows 7 installed the correct motherboard drivers and also updated the ATI graphics drivers. Previously I had manually set the Sony HDTV resolution in the Catalyst control panel to get the TV display resolution up to 1080i. With the new driver I am no longer able to manyally set the resolution and highest resolution I can set is 720 x 576. Unfortunatly the "Roll Back Driver" button in the display adapter is grayed out so I can not get back to the old driver that way. Is there any way in the new "AMD Vision Engine COntrol Center to manually set the display resolution for the ATI HD 3600 series component output?
FuseTalk Hosting Executive Plan v3.2 - © 1999-2015 FuseTalk Inc. All rights reserved.


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Steve and Debbie Spencer of Warsaw, Missouri, and Shane and Jill Salmon of Hermitage, Missouri, announce the engagement of their children, Stevie Nicole Spencer and Benjamin Robert Salmon. An Aug. 16, 2014 wedding is planned in Branson, Missouri.
The future bride is a 2010 graduate of Warsaw High School and a 2014 graduate of Southwest Baptist University, where she received a bachelor of science degree in exercise science.
She is currently employed with Kanakuk's K-Kauai Christian Family Kamp in Branson and will begin the doctoral program for physical therapy in August at SBU. She is the granddaughter of Ray and Lomie Spencer of Warsaw, the late Robert and Dorothy Poe of Jefferson City, and Manuel DeCosta of Kintnersville, Pennsylvania.
The future groom is a 2010 graduate of Hermitage High School and a 2014 graduate of Truman State University, where he received a bachelor of science degree in business administration-finance and a minor in economics.
He is also currently employed with Kanakuk's K-Kauai Christian Family Kamp in Branson and will be employed with SBU in August as an admissions counselor. He is the grandson of Sharon Winner of Columbia, Dick Winner of Peoria, Arizona, and the late Jim and Bonnie Salmon of Pilot Grove, Missouri.


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Men's Tennis Travels To Valparaiso
March 21, 2014 CHICAGO- The UIC men's tennis team (3-5) heads to Valparaiso, Ind., to compete against the Crusaders on Saturday at the Valparaiso University Tennis Complex. Competition is set to get underway at 2 p.m. (CT).
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The restaurant had a gf menu, but were exceptionally uninformed. After specifying I was a celiac and asking questions about the menu, I had ordered a cider. The waiter brought me a Blue Moon. I took a sip without knowing and spit it back out. the waiter argued that I didn't know what I was talking about and that he had brought me cider. I asked for a manager after he said, "What, now you don't trust us to eat here?" to which I replied I did not. The waiter told me I wasn't very nice and did not go get his manager. I was enraged. After asking around, we finally spoke to a manager who said he would pay for our drinks. I was terribly disappointed with both the service and the education of the staff. I wouldn't recommend this place to anyone, not just to a celiac!
Cheers has a separate gluten free menu that includes a bunless burger and some of Boston's famous baked beans. It's a good place to go if you're a fan of the show or if you have a family member with celiac's in town.
Monday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Tuesday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Wednesday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Thursday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Friday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Saturday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Sunday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Be the first to add a photo!


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This New England–style fish shack, named for chef-owner Marc Murphy's favorite surfing spot, is sophisticated and sleek—no seaside knickknacks here. They don't take reservations, but the kitchen keeps dinerlike hours, and the menu is packed with classics like mac and cheese, hot dogs and hamburgers. The restaurant doesn't outdo Pearl's or Mary's on the shellfish front, but it holds its own with the $26 lobster roll, a mound of luscious chopped meat mixed with scallions, tarragon and aioli and served on a soft roll with a side of sweet-potato chips.
Ditch Plains
Venue name: | Ditch Plains | Contact: |
Address: |
29 Bedford St New York |
Cross street: | at Downing St |
Opening hours: | Daily 11am–2am |
Transport: | Subway: A, C, E, B, D, F, M to W 4th St; 1 to Houston St |
Price: | Average main course: $20. AmEx, MC, V |


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Pradeep Rohatgi - UWM Distinguished Professor |
Contact Information Office Address: EMS 574 3200 North Cramer Street Milwaukee, WI 53211 Phone: 414-229-4987 Fax: 414-229-6958 Email: email@example.com Mailing Address: P.O. Box 784 Department of Materials Engineering University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI 53201 |
Education Sc.D., Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1964 M.S., Materials Science and Engineering, MIT, 1963 B.S., Metallurgical Engineering, Banaras University, 1961 Research Interests Foundry Technology, Solidification Processing, Composite Materials, Alloy Development, specialty Aluminum and Steels, Bulk Nanostructured Alloys and Nanocomosites, Rapid Mobile Manufacture, and Materials Policy. Selected Publications


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Vertex Buffer Objects
Posted Wednesday, 15 February, 2012 - 22:12 by DivByZero inHello All,
I'm about to start working on a project where I need to improve 2D graphics response for high channel count analog/digital sampled data (C#) . I've read a little bit about Vertex Buffer Objects and think this is the direction I want to go. What I need to be able to accomplish is, read samples/trace data from an array, display each trace sequentially on a graph i.e. trace numbers across the top (x) and trace length(milliseconds) along (y), then be able to display possibly 5,000-10,000 traces in one window, then if possible be able to drag the mouse to move across the display area and use the mouse wheel to zoom in and out.
At this point I'm looking for suggestions on the best way to accomplish this using OpenTK (if it's possible), just need a nudge in the right direction....
Thanks in Advance


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stanczyk 5pts retro-futuristic ! that's the only way... - look at Camaroit's true that it'll be rival for SC Lexus , both looks quirky , whis is good for SAAb or SPYKER, not so much for Personal lux car segment !Riviera should be ecscentric, not quirky :)
beaucoupdechance 5pts Hello sexy Buick. If GM built this thing here, it would be the first time I'd EVER consider buying a Buick.
impalastreetracer17 5pts If GM is smart they will add this car into the buick line up. They added in the buick enclave which shows that the future designs will be less for the old people. They need to add this car to compete with that lexus coupe SC. This buick would be a huge sucess in the U.S. Its very futureristic looking. Which is the direction GM is going on a lot of their cars. GM needs to add this car into the buick line up becuase at the moment there is only 2 other cars to chose from and the enclave. GM ADD THIS BEUTY.
ChevroletGuy 5pts Very nice. Just make the front more American looking, give it the classic boattail look from the 70's and put it on the Zeta platform.


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April 13th, 2012, 01:14 PM | #76 (permalink) |
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: Montréal/Marseille/Hanoi
Posts: 61
Oh yes these shows were amazing! I had already seen Agalloch live (love this band!), but it was my 'first time' with Borknagar and Arcturus. WOW. I was in an indulgent mood for Borknagar, I know they rarely play live... But they were just great!
It was a fantastic experience to hear this music and these beautiful voices LIVE! Hard to describe how you feel when you attend a concert of one of your favorite bands ever, when you have thought for such a long time that this day would never come... And I second Dany, the Borknagar members are very cool and friendly with the fans, that's greatly appreciable too! BTW, I must say that Darklorddany and his girlfriend are some of the nicest metalheads I've ever met! They saved the best seat of the venue for me on the last day, and managed to find me in the crowd, and offered me some noodles... Hehe, that was so cool, thanks again. And yes, I hope to see you soon on FB, Dany |
April 14th, 2012, 12:37 PM | #77 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
Hi all! I have to echo those who have already said how amazing Borknagar and Arcturus were. Borknagar was great and I liked them more than I even thought I would. I thought it was a really good setlist too, even though I would have liked a couple more songs from Urd. I didn't think they'd play Frostrite and that was possibly the highlight of the set for me. I talked to Jens for a few minutes and he was very nice.
And Arcturus was just beyond anything I could have imagined. Maybe the best way to put it is that I feel changed after having seen them live. I wouldn't trade those 90 minutes for anything. Hearing Simen's vocals live was quite an experience. I also did a lot of sight seeing and really loved Oslo. Thanks again to everyone who's been so nice to the black metal newbie on this forum. I wish I had posted here and tried to make plans to meet up with some others on the forum, but I'll have to admit that I was more than a little concerned that something would happen at the last minute and Arcturus wouldn't perform. Not very rational, but somehow I thought that it was better to just stay quiet about the whole trip. |
April 19th, 2012, 06:17 PM | #79 (permalink) |
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Near Mountains
Posts: 1,754
FUCK! Sounds terrific!!! Lars sounds just flawless!
«Sola gaar bak Aase ned Skuggan' bli saa lange Natte kjem snart atteved Teke meg i Fange» Forestfather in Bandcamp - Listen the new Forestfather album 'Hereafter'! Atmospheric black metal Forestfather in Facebook |
April 20th, 2012, 07:54 AM | #81 (permalink) |
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Vienna, Austria
Posts: 211
the sound during Epochalypse was quite shitty but got always a bit better constantly. or was that the beer?
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature herself, but nature exposed to our method of questioning. Last edited by Helge-Uwe : April 20th, 2012 at 08:15 AM. |
April 25th, 2012, 01:21 PM | #83 (permalink) | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 180
If all of you think the video above is bad.... I have bad news, my recordings sounds worst :'( and my f****g shitty cam works pretty bad on low light conditions, plus, the movie looks pretty blur a lot of times. Not sure if will worth to upload these videos to youtube. Thats too bad :'( |
April 27th, 2012, 07:46 AM | #88 (permalink) | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 180
What's the idea on repost this videos anyway. :P |
April 27th, 2012, 07:12 PM | #91 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
Wow, these are great - thanks so much for posting them. Even if the sound on the recordings isn't that good, it's still really nice to be able to watch them. I think Ad Noctum sounds a little better than the other two.
You didn't happen to get any Arcturus video did you? |
April 28th, 2012, 07:54 PM | #93 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
That's awesome. These 3 videos are very nice visually. I don't think I would have had such a steady hand.
Any chance I can convince you to post Shipwrecked Frontier Pioneer next? That's a special one for me and I've found video of most of the other songs at least at the Helsinki and Athens shows, but no Shipwrecked. If you are going in order though I will be patient. |
May 3rd, 2012, 10:14 PM | #94 (permalink) |
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 180
Sure!, I will upload Shipwrecked Frontier Pioneer.
SADLY, the sound is really really bad, the Borknagar videos sounds pretty good if you compare it with my recordings of Arcuturs I was on the second floor and the videos are almost unlistenable when everybody are playing loud. :'( Anyways, I will upload the video tomorrow. EDIT: But today, I have uploaded this one! What a great grim vocals by Andreas, Isn't it? Last edited by Darklorddany : May 4th, 2012 at 07:34 AM. |
May 4th, 2012, 04:58 PM | #95 (permalink) | |
Soul Wandering
Join Date: Jan 2010
Location: somwhere in the middle of nowhere
Posts: 1,349
May 4th, 2012, 09:08 PM | #96 (permalink) | |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
May 4th, 2012, 09:13 PM | #97 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
I remember thinking the same thing about their set as a whole. It was great getting to hear what we did from the 3 vocalists, but I did think that they could have done a little more with that. Maybe it's a case where they'd really need to rehearse a lot more to pull something like that off, and will have to work towards doing more of it in the future. At least we can hope.
May 4th, 2012, 11:38 PM | #98 (permalink) | |
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2010
Posts: 180
In other songs which were originally performed by Vortex the game was on that way giving us a real epic moments. e.g. Ruins of the future (Andreas doing the grim and Lars and Vortex the clean at the same time) or Colossus (Vortex the clean and the backing grim by Andreas) I dont know why this song sounds really bad on my recordings :'(, you will see once I upload this song Well, for now, I will share the link to Shiprwecked I said on the recordings of Arcturus the sound is pretty worst? :'( SORRY! I dont think if will worth to upload more videos of Arcturus. (AT least my recordings) since the sound is crap |
May 5th, 2012, 11:54 AM | #99 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2010
Posts: 58
Thank you thank you thank you thank you, mange takk, and gracias. I know the sound isn't too good, but I still loved to see it. It helps me to kind of put myself back at the show. I would love to see the rest, when you have time, after the Borknagar ones are done. And if you don't want to leave them up forever, I'd be happy with just seeing them once.
May 5th, 2012, 12:04 PM | #100 (permalink) | |
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands
Posts: 351
Last edited by Devourer : May 5th, 2012 at 12:09 PM. |
Thread Tools | |


text:
Craftsman Professional 11/32 in. Cobalt Drill Bit
Item# 00966047000 | Model# 66047Specifications & Dimensions
Dimensions and Weight: | |
Item Weight (lbs.): | 0.12 lbs. |
Product Overview: | |
Drill Bit Type: | Split point |
Material: | Cobalt |
Ratings & Reviews
Product Description
Designed for use in stainless steel, high alloy steel and other hard metals. Cobalt provides excellent performance in the toughest materials. Split point design drills on contact.
- Requires no center punch
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- Precision-ground flutes provide accurate drilling and fast material removal
- Made in the U.S.A.
- Available for Gift Wrap
Added on May 13, 2010
Overall, others give this:
Reviewers may have received a benefit, like a sweepstakes entry or rewards program points, in exchange for writing a review.
Those benefits were not conditioned on the positive or negative content of the review.
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text:
Jason Natural, Nail Saver, Tea Tree, 0.5 fl oz (15 ml)
By Jason Natural
151 Reviews-
Expiration Date:?Jan 2019
Expiration Date
The length of time for the expiration date or "best used before" date depends on the type of product, as well as the brand.
Perishable items (such as flax oils or certain probiotics) generally have shorter expiration dates. Although our warehouse is fully air-conditioned, these more fragile items are put in cold storage (freezer or refrigeration unit) for maximum freshness.
Our receiving department does its best to verify and then enter the correct expiration dates for all incoming products. However, discrepancies do occur from time to time. This being said, the exceptionally high turnover at iHerb ensures that our inventory is among the freshest in the industry.
Shipping Weight:?0.25 lbs (0.11 kg)
Shipping Weight
The Shipping Weight includes the product, protective packaging material and the actual shipping box. In addition, the Shipping Weight may be adjusted for the Dimensional Weight (e.g. length, width & height) of a package. It is important to note that certain types of products (e.g. glass containers, liquids, fragile, refrigerated or ice packed) will often require protective packaging material. As such, these products will reflect a higher Shipping Weight compared to the unprotected product.
- Product Code: JAS-03032
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Caution: For external use only. Keep out of reach of children. Avoid direct contact with eyes. If rash or irritation occurs, stop use and consult a physician.
iHerb Customer Reviews
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text:
Source: Eurosport
Maldini: players want Ancelotti to stay
AC Milan captain Paolo Maldini insists that coach Carlo Ancelotti has the full backing of his players to remain at the San Siro.
Ancelotti has one year left on his contract with AC Milan but there has been constant media speculation in Italy and England that he will be in charge of Chelsea by the start of next season.
"We are all hoping Ancelotti will stay," said Maldini.
"With him in charge, the group has been really good.
"We have won so many titles and our quality of life with him has
been great. But in order to go forward, there needs to be three parties that want it: the players, the coach and the club."
Ancelotti joined the club in 2001 and is the longest serving manager in Serie A.


text:
First name MALVIN's origins are Gaelic and Irish. MALVIN means "polished chief" (Gaelic) and "chief" in Irish. You can find other first names and English words that rhymes with MALVIN below. Ryhme list involves the matching sounds according to the first letters, last letters and first&last letters of malvin.(Brown names are of the same origin (Gaelic,Irish) with MALVIN and Red names are first names with English/Anglo-Saxon origin)
First Names Rhyming MALVIN
malvina malvineNAMES RHYMING WITH MALV�N (According to last letters):
Rhyming Names According to Last 5 Letters (alvin) - Names That Ends with alvin:
alvin galvinRhyming Names According to Last 4 Letters (lvin) - Names That Ends with lvin:
delvin elvin kelvin kohlvin melvinRhyming Names According to Last 3 Letters (vin) - Names That Ends with vin:
garvin nevin slevin bevin evin sevin arvin ashvin darvin davin dervin devin dravin earvin ervin gavin irvin javin kevin marvin orvin ravin rouvin tavin tevin slavin gervin norvin mervin yavin corvinRhyming Names According to Last 2 Letters (in) - Names That Ends with in:
fatin yasmin brengwain camarin maolmin delbin kristin adin gin ixcatzin tepin tlazohtzin xochicotzin yoltzin zeltzin ihrin adwin akin alafin din kayin yerodin abbudin abdul-muhaimin aladdin amin husain mazin muhsin yasin agravain alain custennin erbin mabonagrain pheredin taliesin tortain txomin zadornin fiamain rivalin ashlin quentin guerin bain banain bealantin cerin coinleain giollanaebhin guin constantin nopaltzin ollin tepiltzin zolin alin calin catalin codrin cosminNAMES RHYMING WITH MALV�N (According to first letters):
Rhyming Names According to First 5 Letters (malvi) - Names That Begins with malvi:
Rhyming Names According to First 4 Letters (malv) - Names That Begins with malv:
malva malvynRhyming Names According to First 3 Letters (mal) - Names That Begins with mal:
mal malachi malachy malagigi malaika malak malakai malana malcah malcolm malcom malcsi malduc maldue maleah maledysaunte maleka malene malerie malia maliha malik malika malila malin malina malinalxochitl malinda malita malkah mallaidh malleville mallorie mallory malloy malmuira malmuirie malone maloney malynRhyming Names According to First 2 Letters (ma) - Names That Begins with ma:
ma'isah ma'mun ma'n maahes maarouf maat mab mabbina mabel mabelle mabina mable mabon mabonaqain mabuz mabyn mac maca macadam macadhamh macaire macala macaladair macalister macalpin macalpine macandrew macario macartan macarthur macartur macaulay macauliffe macauslan macawi macayla macayle macbain macbean macbeth macbride maccallum macclennan maccoll maccormack maccus macdaibhidh macdhubh macdomhnall macdonald macdonell macdougal macdoughall macdubhgall macduff mace macee macelroyNAMES BOTH FIRST AND LAST LETTERS RHYMING WITH MALV�N:
First Names which starts with 'ma' and ends with 'in':
macklin madailein maighdlin mainchin mairin makin marin marlin marnin martin marwin marylin maslin masselin matinFirst Names which starts with 'm' and ends with 'n':
macen macewen macgowan machaon mackaillyn mackinnon macklyn maclachlan maclaren maclean macmillan macnachtan macnaughton macon macpherson macqueen macsen madalen madalyn madalynn maddalen maddalyn madden maddielynn maddison madelon madelynn madilynn madisen madison madisyn madolen maegan maeghan maeleachlainn maelynn maeveen magan magdalen maggie-lyn mahon mai-ron maialen maimun makaylyn makeen mandalyn mann manon manton maolruadhan maralyn marchman marden mardon maren marian marilyn marilynn marion marlan marleen marlon marlyn marlynn marmion marsden marsten marston martainn martyn marven marvyn marwan maryan maryann marylyn marylynn maryon maslynn mason masson masyn matherson mathesonEnglish Words Rhyming MALVIN
ENGLISH WORDS RHYMING WITH MALV�N (According to last letters):
Rhyming Words According to Last 5 Letters (alvin) - English Words That Ends with alvin:
Rhyming Words According to Last 4 Letters (lvin) - English Words That Ends with lvin:
indifulvin | noun (n.) A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican. |
Rhyming Words According to Last 3 Letters (vin) - English Words That Ends with vin:
alevin | noun (n.) Young fish; fry. |
bavin | noun (n.) A fagot of brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for kindling fires; refuse of brushwood. |
noun (n.) Impure limestone. |
cavin | noun (n.) A hollow way, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a place. |
covin | noun (n.) A collusive agreement between two or more persons to prejudice a third. |
noun (n.) Deceit; fraud; artifice. |
eschevin | noun (n.) The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. |
flavin | noun (n.) A yellow, vegetable dyestuff, resembling quercitron. |
kevin | noun (n.) The gazelle. |
levin | noun (n.) Lightning. |
olivin | noun (n.) A complex bitter gum, found on the leaves of the olive tree; -- called also olivite. |
quinovin | noun (n.) An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and quinova. |
noun (n.) An amorphous bitter glucoside derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and quinova. |
pavin | noun (n.) See Pavan. |
plevin | noun (n.) A warrant or assurance. |
ravin | noun (n.) Alt. of Ravine |
adjective (a.) Ravenous. | |
verb (v. t. & i.) Alt. of Ravine |
replevin | noun (n.) A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention. |
noun (n.) The writ by which goods and chattels are replevied. | |
verb (v. t.) To replevy. |
savin | noun (n.) Alt. of Savine |
spavin | noun (n.) A disease of horses characterized by a bony swelling developed on the hock as the result of inflammation of the bones; also, the swelling itself. The resulting lameness is due to the inflammation, and not the bony tumor as popularly supposed. |
ENGLISH WORDS RHYMING WITH MALV�N (According to first letters):
Rhyming Words According to First 5 Letters (malvi) - Words That Begins with malvi:
Rhyming Words According to First 4 Letters (malv) - Words That Begins with malv:
malvaceous | adjective (a.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Malvaceae), of which the mallow is the type. The cotton plant, hollyhock, and abutilon are of this order, and the baobab and the silk-cotton trees are now referred to it. |
malversation | noun (n.) Evil conduct; fraudulent practices; misbehavior, corruption, or extortion in office. |
malvesie | noun (n.) Malmsey wine. See Malmsey. |
Rhyming Words According to First 3 Letters (mal) - Words That Begins with mal:
mala | noun (n.) Evils; wrongs; offenses against right and law. |
(pl. ) of Malum |
malabar | noun (n.) A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between the mountains and the sea. |
malacatune | noun (n.) See Melocoton. |
malacca | noun (n.) A town and district upon the seacoast of the Malay Peninsula. |
malachite | noun (n.) Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure. |
malacissant | adjective (a.) Softening; relaxing. |
malacissation | noun (n.) The act of making soft or supple. |
malacobdella | noun (n.) A genus of nemertean worms, parasitic in the gill cavity of clams and other bivalves. They have a large posterior sucker, like that of a leech. See Illust. of Bdellomorpha. |
malacoderm | noun (n.) One of a tribe of beetles (Malacodermata), with a soft and flexible body, as the fireflies. |
malacolite | noun (n.) A variety of pyroxene. |
malacologist | noun (n.) One versed in the science of malacology. |
malacology | noun (n.) The science which relates to the structure and habits of mollusks. |
malacopoda | noun (n. pl.) A class of air-breathing Arthropoda; -- called also Protracheata, and Onychophora. |
malacopterygian | noun (n.) One of the Malacopterygii. |
malacopterygii | noun (n. pl.) An order of fishes in which the fin rays, except the anterior ray of the pectoral and dorsal fins, are closely jointed, and not spiny. It includes the carp, pike, salmon, shad, etc. Called also Malacopteri. |
malacopterygious | adjective (a.) Belonging to the Malacopterygii. |
malacosteon | noun (n.) A peculiar disease of the bones, in consequence of which they become softened and capable of being bent without breaking. |
malacostomous | adjective (a.) Having soft jaws without teeth, as certain fishes. |
malacostraca | noun (n. pl.) A subclass of Crustacea, including Arthrostraca and Thoracostraca, or all those higher than the Entomostraca. |
malacostracan | noun (n.) One of the Malacostraca. |
malacostracology | noun (n.) That branch of zoological science which relates to the crustaceans; -- called also carcinology. |
malacostracous | adjective (a.) Belonging to the Malacostraca. |
malacotoon | noun (n.) See Melocoton. |
malacozoa | noun (n. pl.) An extensive group of Invertebrata, including the Mollusca, Brachiopoda, and Bryozoa. Called also Malacozoaria. |
malacozoic | adjective (a.) Of or pertaining to the Malacozoa. |
maladdress | noun (n.) Bad address; an awkward, tactless, or offensive way of accosting one or talking with one. |
maladjustment | noun (n.) A bad adjustment. |
maladministration | noun (n.) Bad administration; bad management of any business, especially of public affairs. |
maladroit | adjective (a.) Of a quality opposed to adroitness; clumsy; awkward; unskillful. |
malady | noun (n.) Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. |
noun (n.) A moral or mental defect or disorder. |
malaga | noun (n.) A city and a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean. Hence, Malaga grapes, Malaga raisins, Malaga wines. |
malagash | noun (n.) Same as Malagasy. |
malagasy | noun (n. sing. & pl.) A native or natives of Madagascar; also (sing.), the language. |
malaise | noun (n.) An indefinite feeling of uneasiness, or of being sick or ill at ease. |
malamate | noun (n.) A salt of malamic acid. |
malambo | noun (n.) A yellowish aromatic bark, used in medicine and perfumery, said to be from the South American shrub Croton Malambo. |
malamethane | noun (n.) A white crystalline substance forming the ethyl salt of malamic acid. |
malamic | adjective (a.) Of or pertaining an acid intermediate between malic acid and malamide, and known only by its salts. |
malamide | noun (n.) The acid amide derived from malic acid, as a white crystalline substance metameric with asparagine. |
malanders | noun (n. pl.) A scurfy eruption in the bend of the knee of the fore leg of a horse. See Sallenders. |
malapert | noun (n.) A malapert person. |
adjective (a.) Bold; forward; impudent; saucy; pert. |
malapropism | noun (n.) A grotesque misuse of a word; a word so used. |
malapterurus | noun (n.) A genus of African siluroid fishes, including the electric catfishes. See Electric cat, under Electric. |
malar | noun (n.) The cheek bone, which forms a part of the lower edge of the orbit. |
adjective (a.) Of or pertaining to the region of the cheek bone, or to the malar bone; jugal. |
malaria | noun (n.) Air infected with some noxious substance capable of engendering disease; esp., an unhealthy exhalation from certain soils, as marshy or wet lands, producing fevers; miasma. |
noun (n.) A morbid condition produced by exhalations from decaying vegetable matter in contact with moisture, giving rise to fever and ague and many other symptoms characterized by their tendency to recur at definite and usually uniform intervals. |
malarial | adjective (a.) Alt. of Malarious |
malarian | adjective (a.) Alt. of Malarious |
malarious | adjective (a.) Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria. |
malashaganay | noun (n.) The fresh-water drumfish (Haploidonotus grunniens). |
malassimilation | noun (n.) Imperfect digestion of the several leading constituents of the food. |
noun (n.) An imperfect elaboration by the tissues of the materials brought to them by the blood. |
English Words which starts with 'ma' and ends with 'in':
maalin | noun (n.) The sparrow hawk. |
noun (n.) The kestrel. |
maclurin | noun (n.) See Morintannic. |
madbrain | noun (n.) A rash or hot-headed person. |
adjective (a.) Hot-headed; rash. |
main | noun (n.) A hand or match at dice. |
noun (n.) A stake played for at dice. | |
noun (n.) The largest throw in a match at dice; a throw at dice within given limits, as in the game of hazard. | |
noun (n.) A match at cockfighting. | |
noun (n.) A main-hamper. | |
noun (v.) principal duct or pipe, as distinguished from lesser ones; esp. (Engin.), a principal pipe leading to or from a reservoir; as, a fire main. | |
adjective (a.) Very or extremely strong. | |
adjective (a.) Vast; huge. | |
adjective (a.) Unqualified; absolute; entire; sheer. | |
adjective (a.) Principal; chief; first in size, rank, importance, etc. | |
adjective (a.) Important; necessary. | |
adjective (a.) Very; extremely; as, main heavy. | |
verb (v.) Strength; force; might; violent effort. | |
verb (v.) The chief or principal part; the main or most important thing. | |
verb (v.) The great sea, as distinguished from an arm, bay, etc. ; the high sea; the ocean. | |
verb (v.) The continent, as distinguished from an island; the mainland. |
mainpin | noun (n.) A kingbolt. |
malkin | noun (n.) Originally, a kitchenmaid; a slattern. |
noun (n.) A mop made of clouts, used by the kitchen servant. | |
noun (n.) A scarecrow. | |
noun (n.) A mop or sponge attached to a jointed staff for swabbing out a cannon. |
maltin | noun (n.) Alt. of Maltine |
manakin | noun (n.) Any one of numerous small birds belonging to Pipra, Manacus, and other genera of the family Pipridae. They are mostly natives of Central and South America. some are bright-colored, and others have the wings and tail curiously ornamented. The name is sometimes applied to related birds of other families. |
noun (n.) A dwarf. See Manikin. |
mandarin | noun (n.) A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam. |
noun (n.) A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus nobilis)mandarin orange; tangerine --. |
mandolin | noun (n.) Alt. of Mandoline |
manequin | noun (n.) An artist's model of wood or other material. |
manikin | noun (n.) A little man; a dwarf; a pygmy; a manakin. |
noun (n.) A model of the human body, made of papier-mache or other material, commonly in detachable pieces, for exhibiting the different parts and organs, their relative position, etc. |
marcassin | noun (n.) A young wild boar. |
margarin | noun (n.) A fatty substance, extracted from animal fats and certain vegetable oils, formerly supposed to be a definite compound of glycerin and margaric acid, but now known to be simply a mixture or combination of tristearin and teipalmitin. |
margin | noun (n.) A border; edge; brink; verge; as, the margin of a river or lake. |
noun (n.) Specifically: The part of a page at the edge left uncovered in writing or printing. | |
noun (n.) The difference between the cost and the selling price of an article. | |
noun (n.) Something allowed, or reserved, for that which can not be foreseen or known with certainty. | |
noun (n.) Collateral security deposited with a broker to secure him from loss on contracts entered into by him on behalf of his principial, as in the speculative buying and selling of stocks, wheat, etc. | |
verb (v. t.) To furnish with a margin. | |
verb (v. t.) To enter in the margin of a page. |
marlin | noun (n.) The American great marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Applied also to the red-breasted godwit (Limosa haematica). |
martin | noun (n.) A perforated stone-faced runner for grinding. |
noun (n.) One of several species of swallows, usually having the tail less deeply forked than the tail of the common swallows. |
mascagnin | noun (n.) Alt. of Mascagnite |
mashlin | noun (n.) See Maslin. |
maslin | noun (n.) A mixture composed of different materials |
noun (n.) A mixture of metals resembling brass. | |
noun (n.) A mixture of different sorts of grain, as wheat and rye. | |
noun (n.) A vessel made of maslin, 1 (a). | |
adjective (a.) Composed of different sorts; as, maslin bread, which is made of rye mixed with a little wheat. |
masticin | noun (n.) A white, amorphous, tenacious substance resembling caoutchouc, and obtained as an insoluble residue of mastic. |
mastlin | noun (n.) See Maslin. |
matachin | noun (n.) An old dance with swords and bucklers; a sword dance. |
mathurin | noun (n.) See Trinitarian. |
matin | noun (n.) Morning. |
noun (n.) Morning worship or service; morning prayers or songs. | |
noun (n.) Time of morning service; the first canonical hour in the Roman Catholic Church. | |
adjective (a.) Of or pertaining to the morning, or to matins; used in the morning; matutinal. |
maudlin | noun (n.) Alt. of Maudeline |
adjective (a.) Tearful; easily moved to tears; exciting to tears; excessively sentimental; weak and silly. | |
adjective (a.) Drunk, or somewhat drunk; fuddled; given to drunkenness. |
maukin | noun (n.) See Malkin. |
noun (n.) A hare. |
mawkin | noun (n.) See Malkin, and Maukin. |
mavournin | noun (n.) Alt. of Mavourneen |


text:
Saturday, June 9, 2012
TBR Intervention Challenge (35)
TBR Intervention is a weekly challenge hosted by
Everyone is WELCOME to JOIN this meme. Just click the image TBR Intervention Button above to see the rules and read more about this feature.
Shine has been two weeks over due. SADLY, I'm still on Chapter 18. So my week was a DISASTER when it comes to my TBRIC. I couldn't get a quiet time to read Shine without interruptions so I decided to set it aside for a while and get back to it once my schedule is ok. I know it's CRAZY, but here's my current reading status as of today:
The Vincent Brothers by Abbi Glines, Chapter 5.
Reason to Breathe by Rebecca Donovan, loc 158 of 8630 on Kindle
Clockwise by Elle Strauss, Chapter 3
The Forever Girl by Rebecca Hamilton, loc 295 of 5203 on Kindle
The Rock Star's Daughter by Caitlyn Duffy, loc 630 of 4073 on Kindle
Silent Song by Ron C. Nieto, Chapter 12 :)
Not to mention, I also started The One That I Want by Jennifer Echols, Love and Leftovers by Sarah Tregay, and Ditched by Robin Mellom. See, I told you it was a DISASTER. I've started so many books and haven't finish any of them. Well at least I've read and enjoyed BRIDGE by Jeri Smith-Ready from Enthralled. This is so embarrassing *hides face. I can't find a book that suits my mood, and I'm telling you, it's so frustrating! A doctor told me that I have cumulative stress that equals to super stress. Maybe it's one of the reasons why I couldn't get the right book at the moment. I don't have the mood to read. Did this happen to you before? Or it's just me?
*Sigh. I still wanna finish Shine so same book AGAIN.
I hope you DID a LOT better than me last week. What's on your TBRIC today?
6 comments:
I can't really read multiple books at a time since manghihinayang ako if I don't finish them all, so I just read two-three books at a time. But, I also get you - finding a book to read will depend on your mood. If I don't find a book, I turn to the TV instead, watching reruns of my favorite shows. De-stress first, I guess.
Still, good luck this week on your TBRIC... just breathe, relax.
I love comments! I may not be able to reply to every post but I read them all. Thank you so much for your visit! Come back soon =)
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Do you own a Yamaha and would like an easier way to buy some Yamaha-brand goodies for you and your bike? Well, today, Yamaha Parts and Accessories launched a new e-commerce … [Read more...]
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Hostel Strowis
Utrecht, NetherlandsHello I'm Local Boutique Hostel
Haarlem, NetherlandsHostel is in great condition, everything is brand new. Staff made every effort to be as helpful as possible. I think this is the only centrally located hostel in Haarlem.. and while it was a little more than I usually like to pay for hostels (it's still cheaper than a lot of the stay ok hostels), you do get a quality service with a great environment and a good quality bed, mattress sheets etc. Personally I'm the type who doesn't mind roughing it a bit more for 15Euros a night ;).
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France, Le Mans People Story Transportation
Second and last panning shot at Le Mans. I could post ten look-alike pictures but that probably wouldn't be very exciting :) Anyway, that is probably Hector Faubel, during practice, but I could be wrong. I like how his head is turned towards the apex of the next curve and how you can feel the heavy pressure on the front suspension. 2010-09-21
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Lemmings (video game)
Lemmings | |
Developer(s) |
Publisher(s) |
Programmer(s) | David Jones Mike Dailly |
Artist(s) | Mike Dailly Gary Timmons Scott Johnston |
Composer(s) | Tim Wright Brian Johnston |
Platform(s) | Amiga, various |
Release date(s) |
14 February 1991
Genre(s) | Puzzle |
Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer (on some systems) |
Distribution | Floppy disk, CD-ROM, ROM cartridge, cassette tape |
Lemmings is a puzzle-platformer video game originally developed by DMA Design and first published by Psygnosis for the Amiga in 1991. The game was programmed by Mike Dailly and David Jones, and was inspired by a simple animation that Dailly created while experimenting with Deluxe Paint.
The objective of the game is to guide a group of humanoid lemmings through a number of obstacles to a designated exit. In order to save the required number of lemmings to win, one must determine how to assign a limited number of eight different skills to specific lemmings that allow the selected lemming to alter the landscape, to affect the behavior of other lemmings, or to clear obstacles in order to create a safe passage for the rest of the lemmings.
Lemmings was one of the best-received video games of the early 1990s. It was the second highest rated game in the history of Amstrad Action, and was considered the eighth greatest game of all time by Next Generation in 1996. Lemmings is also one of the most widely ported video games, and is estimated to have sold over 15 million copies between its various ports. The popularity of the game also led to the creation of several sequels, remakes and spin-offs, and has also inspired similar games.
Lemmings is divided into a number of levels, grouped into four difficulty categories.[1] Each level begins with a trap door opening from above, releasing a steady line of lemmings who all follow each other.[2] Levels include a variety of obstacles that prevent lemmings from reaching the exit, such as large drops, booby traps and pools of lava.[3]
The goal is to guide at least a certain percentage of the green-haired, blue-robed lemmings from the entrance to the exit by clearing or creating a safe passage through the landscape for the lemmings to use.[4][5] Unless assigned a special task, each lemming will walk in one direction ignoring any other lemming in its way (except "Blockers"), falling off any edges and turning around if they hit an obstacle they cannot pass.[6] A lemming can die in a number of ways: falling from a great height, falling into water or lava, disappearing off the top, bottom or side of the level map, being caught in a trap or fire, or being assigned the Bomber skill. Every level has a time limit; if the clock counts down to zero, the level automatically ends.
To successfully complete the level, the player must assign specific skills to certain lemmings. Which skills and how many uses of each are available to the player varies from level to level, and the player must assign the skills carefully in order to successfully guide the lemmings.[5] There are eight skills that can be assigned:[4] 'Climbers' climb vertically though fall down if they hit an overhang. 'Floaters' use a parachute to fall safely from heights. 'Bombers' explode after a five-second timer, destroying themselves and any destructible landscape in close proximity, though not damaging other Lemmings or traps. 'Blockers' stand still and prevent other Lemmings from passing; Lemmings that hit a Blocker simply reverse direction. 'Builders' build a stairway of 12 steps. 'Bashers', 'Miners' and 'Diggers' dig horizontally, diagonally downwards or directly downwards respectively.[1]
While the player is able to paws (wordplay in the game)[1] the game to inspect the level and status of the lemmings, skills can only be assigned in real-time. Lemmings are initially released at a rate predetermined by the level (from 1 to 99). The player can increase the rate as desired to a maximum of 99, and later decrease it down to, but not lower than, the initial rate. The player also has the option to "nuke" all the remaining lemmings on the screen, converting them to Bombers.[1] This option can be used to abort a level when in a no-win situation, remove any Blockers that remain after the remaining lemmings have been rescued, or end a level quickly once the required percentage of saved lemmings has been reached.[4]
The four difficulty groups – "Fun", "Tricky", "Taxing" and "Mayhem" – are used to organize the levels to reflect their overall difficulty.[7] This rating reflects several factors, including the number of obstacles the player has to surpass, the limitation on the number of types of skills available to assign, the time limit, the minimum rate of lemming release, and the percentage of lemmings that must be saved.[5]
Two-player mode[edit]
The original Lemmings also has 20 two-player levels. This took advantage of the Amiga's ability to support two mice simultaneously, and the Atari's ability to support a mouse and a joystick simultaneously.[8] Each player is presented with their own view of the same map (on a vertically split screen), can only give orders to their own lemmings (green or blue), and had their own base. The goal is to get more lemmings (regardless of colour) into one's own base than the other player. Gameplay cycles through the 20 levels until neither player gets any lemmings home.[4]
Mike Dailly, the first employee[9] of DMA Design and one of the programmers for Lemmings, provided a detailed history of the development of the game entitled "The Lemmings Story" in 2006.[8] David Jones, founder of DMA Design, has also commented on the development and success of Lemmings.[10]
The inspiration for gameplay came as a result of a simple animated character in an 8×8 pixel box created by Dailly using Deluxe Paint[10] as part of development for Walker, then envisioned as a sequel to Blood Money.[8] Dailly was able to quickly produce an animated graphic showing his creations moving endlessly, with additional graphical improvements made by Gary Timmons and other members of the DMA Design team to help remove the stiffness in the animation. One member, Russell Kay, observed that "There's a game in that!", and later coined the term "lemmings" for these creations, according to Dailly. Allowing the creatures to move across the landscape was based on a Salamander weapon concept for Blood Money and demonstrated with the animations.[8]
Levels were designed based on a Deluxe Paint interface, which allowed several of the members to design levels, resulting in "hundreds of levels".[10] There were several internal iterations of the levels, each designer challenging the others. Dailly pointed out that David Jones "used to try and beat us, and after proudly stabbing a finger at the screen and saying 'There! Beat that!', we'd calmly point out a totally new way of getting around all his traps, and doing it in a much simpler method. 'Oh...', he'd mutter, and scramble off to try and fix it." They also sent internally tested levels to Psygnosis, getting back the results of their testing via fax. While most were solved quickly, Dailly commented that "Every now and again though, the fax would be covered in scribbles with the time and comments crossed out again and again; this is what we were striving for while we were designing the levels, and it gave us all a warm fuzzy feeling inside."[8]
Each of the designers had a somewhat different style in their levels: Dailly's levels often had titles containing clues to what to do (such as "It's Hero Time", suggesting that one lemming had to be separated from the crowd) and generally required the player to perform several actions at once; Gary Timmons's levels were minimalistic, with popular culture references in the titles, and Scott Johnston's (whose mother was the first voice of the lemmings) levels were generally tightly packed. Dailly was also responsible for the "custom" levels based on other Psygnosis and Reflections Interactive Amiga games, such as Shadow of the Beast, Menace, Awesome and Shadow of the Beast II. These "crossover" levels also used music from those games, though in ports these levels have been removed or altered to remove such references. After they developed most of the hard levels, they then created several simple levels either by copying the existing ones or creating new layouts; as Dailly states, "This I believe is where many games fall down today, they do not spend the time making a good learning curve." Timmons is credited with the official drawings of the lemmings, as necessitated by the need of Psygnosis for box cover artwork.[8]
Music was originally created by Brian Johnston (Scott's younger brother), who sampled bits of copyrighted music. This had been common practice, but at that point there was a growing awareness of music copyright. Psygnosis asked Tim Wright to replace the offending tracks, who often used arrangements and reworkings of classical and traditional music to avoid copyright problems.[8] Music tracks in the game include: "Galop Infernal" from Orpheus in the Underworld (the music by Offenbach often used for the can-can), "Rondo alla Turca" from Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 11, "Dance of the Reed Flutes" from Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite, "Dance of the Little Swans" from Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake, "Ten Lemmings" (a track that uses melodies from traditional song "Ten Green Bottles"), Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 (the part used as funeral march), Wagner's "Bridal Chorus" (popularly known as "Here Comes the Bride"), "London Bridge is Falling Down", the English folk tune "Forest Green" (adapted into the hymn "All Beautiful the March of Days"), the carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem" mixed with the melody from the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, "She'll Be Coming 'Round the Mountain" and "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?".[8]
The two-player option was inspired by then-current games Populous and Stunt Car Racer. DMA Design initially wanted to use a null-modem connection between two machines to allow competitive play, but ended up using the ability of the Amiga to have two mouse pointer devices usable at the same time and thus created the split-screen mode.[8]
Ports and remakes[edit]
The popularity of the game on the Amiga led to its rapid porting to many other platforms, and it is regarded as one of the most widely ported video games.[10][11] Within a year of its release, the game had been ported to Atari ST, Sinclair Spectrum, PC and SNES.[10] David Jones stated that after porting the game to 20 systems, he stopped keeping count of additional ports.[10] Other commercial ports of the original game include 3DO, Acorn Archimedes, Apple II, Apple Macintosh, CDTV, Commodore 64, NES, Sega Master System and Genesis, TurboGrafx-16, Philips CD-i and Sharp X68000.[2]
In early 2006, Sony released a remake of Lemmings for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Team17. It features all 120 levels from the original game, 36 brand new levels as well as DataPack support (similar to the Extra Track system featured in Wipeout Pure), and a user level editor. Every level in the game is a pre-rendered 3D landscape, although their gameplay is still 2D and remains faithful to the original game. User levels can be constructed from pre-rendered objects and distributed by uploading them to a PlayStation-specific Lemmings online community.[7][12] The soundtrack also marks the final video game score created by longtime composer Tim Follin after he announced his retirement from the industry in mid-2005.[13] In October 2006 the game was ported by developer Rusty Nutz for the PlayStation 2 with use of the EyeToy.[14] The basic change in the concept is that the player must stretch and use his/her limbs in the recorded picture to aid the lemmings.[15] In 2007, Team17 produced a similar remake of Lemmings for the Sony PlayStation 3 for download through the PlayStation Network. The game has the similar graphical improvements as the PSP title, as well as on-line scoreboards and additional levels developed for high-definition display, but lacks the ability to create and share levels as the PSP version offers.[16]
Reception | ||||||||||||||||||||
The original sales for Lemmings on the Amiga topped 55,000 copies on the first day of sales; in comparison, Menace sold 20,000 copies and Blood Money sold 40,000 copies cumulatively. With all the ports included, it has been estimated that over 15 million copies of Lemmings have been sold between 1991 and 2006.[31]
At the time of its first release, Lemmings received several high scores from gaming magazines, with only the level of graphics and sound receiving some small amount of criticism.[32] David Sears of Compute!, in his review of Lemmings for the PC, stated that "perhaps Psygnosis has tapped into the human instinct for survival in formulating this perfect blend of puzzle, strategy, and action."[33] Amiga Computing stated that "Lemmings is absolutely brilliant. Psygnosis have managed to produce a game that is not only totally original, but also features the kind of addicting gameplay that will keep the player coming back for more time and time again."[34] A review from the Australian Commodore and Amiga Review (ACAR) stated that "above all, the concept is simple, and the game is a lot of fun."[35] Computer Gaming World stated that "Not since Tetris has this reviewer been so addicted to, or completely fascinated with, a series of challenging puzzles ... follow the crowd and get Lemmings".[36] In 1992 the magazine named it its Action Game of the Year.[37] The game was reviewed in 1991 in Dragon by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars.[38] The Lessers reviewed the MacIntosh version of the game in 1993 in Dragon, also giving that version 5 stars.[39]
In 1994 Electronic Gaming Monthly complimented the Lynx version's large number of options and password feature, and remarked, "Lemmings has always been a good strategy game, and the Lynx version continues the tradition."[19] The following year they reviewed the CD-i version, criticizing that it has nothing but the obligatory full motion video intro to set it apart from the numerous ports of the game that had already been released over the past four years.[20] GamePro made the same criticisms, commenting that "this former 16-bit puzzler isn't going anywhere new on the CD-i."[40] In 1996, Next Generation declared it the 8th greatest game of all time, and "second only to Tetris" in the puzzle genre.[30] In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Lemmings as the 21st top retro game, with the editors calling it "perhaps Psygnosis' finest hour and a turning point in the puzzle genre."[41]
Lemmings for the PSP was warmly received, with a 76/100 average rating at Metacritic.[42] According to the review by GameSpot, "Lemmings is a game-design classic that is as compelling now in its newest iteration on the PlayStation Portable as it was 15 years ago."[7] Eurogamer complained that the game was the otherwise bare port of the game to yet another system.[5] The PSN version's inability to create levels or play competitively online resulted in the game receiving mediocre reviews, with an averaged Metacritic score of 59/100.[43]
Lemmings inspired several sequels, including the Christmas Lemmings short games that were released between 1991 and 1994, and the 1991 expansion Oh No! More Lemmings. Stand-alone sequels were Lemmings 2: The Tribes (1993),[44] All New World of Lemmings (1994),[2] 3D Lemmings (1995)[45] and Lemmings Revolution (2000).[2] Two spin-off games were also made, both in 1996; Lemmings Paintball[45] and The Adventures of Lomax.[46]
Numerous clones of Lemmings were made. One of the first was The Humans, released for the Amiga in 1992.[47] General game concepts have been included in the open source Pingus, where the player is required to safely guide penguins across landscapes using a similar array of tools.[48] Other similar games include Clones.[49]
In 2010, it was announced that Lemmings would be ported to the iOS operating system by developer Mobile 1UP.[50] On 29 June 2010, Mobile 1UP reported that Sony Computer Entertainment Europe had presented them with a cease-and-desist letter, forcing them to halt development of the port.[51] In April 2011, Mobile 1UP has released a re-worked version of the work done in 2010 with a prehistoric setting (new artwork, sfx, music, levels) under the name Caveman, available for the iOS and webOS platforms.[52]
Lemmings has also been called a predecessor of the modern real-time strategy (RTS) video game genre. A 1991 Amiga Power article claimed that Lemmings "was the first major game to introduce the 'indirect-control' concept," an element that is now common in many RTS games.[53] Lemmings ' introduction of RTS elements has been noted by fantasy author Terry Pratchett; in his novel Interesting Times, an army of golems is controlled in a fashion reminiscent of the Lemmings user interface. When readers asked if this was deliberate, Pratchett responded: "Merely because the red army can fight, dig, march and climb and is controlled by little icons? Can't imagine how anyone thought that... Not only did I wipe Lemmings from my hard disk, I overwrote it so's I couldn't get it back."[54]
Yannick LeJacq of Kotaku, commenting on the 2014 game MouseCraft which incorporates elements of Lemmings and Tetris, speculated that games like Lemmings would not be very successful in the current gaming market, as the pace of the game is far too slow to satisfy most players.[55]
- ^ a b c d e "Crash issue 94 page 15". World of Spectrum. Crash. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Fox, Matt (3 January 2013). The Video Games Guide: 1,000+ Arcade, Console and Computer Games, 1962-2012, 2d ed. McFarland & Company. p. 169. ISBN 978-0786472574.
- ^ a b "Lemmings". Your Sinclair. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Atari, ed. (1993). Lemmings Instruction Manual (Atari Lynx) (C398105-080 Rev. A). Atari. pp. 5–7.
- ^ a b c d Bramwell, Tom (7 March 2006). "Lemmings". Eurogamer. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Herold, Charles (29 June 2006). "Addictive as Chips, but Less Fattening". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Cocker, Guy (1 June 2006). "Lemmings Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dailly, Mike (2006). "The Complete History of Lemmings". The Complete History of Lemmings. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Jones, David (2006). "Playing Catch Up: GTA/Lemmings' Dave Jones". Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Wallis, Alistair (21 December 2006). "Playing Catch Up: GTA/Lemmings' Dave Jones". Gamasutra. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Lee, Don (15 June 2006). "Lemmings PSP Review". Consumer Electronics Net. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b "Lemmings - PlayStation Portable - IGN". IGN. 24 April 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Cifaldi, Frank (26 September 2005). "Playing Catch-Up: Tim Follin". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Lemmings: PS2". IGN. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ "Nix" (12 May 2006). "E3 2006: Lemmings". IGN. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b Van Ord, Kevin (19 January 2007). "Lemmings for PlayStation 3 Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Couper, Chris. "Lemmings". AllGame. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Lemmings". Amstrad Action (82): 30–31. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ a b "Review Crew: Lemmings". Electronic Gaming Monthly (56) (EGM Media, LLC). March 1994. p. 42.
- ^ a b "Lemmings Review". Electronic Gaming Monthly (69) (EGM Media, LLC). April 1995. p. 40.
- ^ MegaTech issue 22 (October 1993), page 100
- ^ Mega issue 2 (November 1992), page 62
- ^ "Amstrad Action All Time Top 10 Games". Retroaction. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Amiga Power's All-Time Top 100 Amiga Games". Amiga Power (0): 5. May 1991. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ Mega issue 26 (November 1994), page 74
- ^ "150 Best Games of All Time". CDAccess. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Edge's Top 100 Games of All time". Edge. 2 July 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Readers' Top 100 Games of All Time". Your Sinclair. September 1993.
- ^ "30 najlepszych gier na Amigę". Wirtualnej Polsce (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b "Top 100 Games of all Time". Next Generation (21): 68. September 1996. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ^ Dailly, Mike (2006). "The Complete History of DMA Design". Mike Dailly. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Douglas, Jim (April 1991), Lemmings, ACE
- ^ Sears, David (October 1991). "Lemmings". Compute!. p. 106. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Holborne, Jason (May 1991). "Lemmings". Amiga Computing. pp. 52–53.
- ^ Cambell, Phil (April 1991). "Lemmings". ACAR. p. 76.
- ^ Greenberg, Allen L. (June 1991). "Another Leap Forward". Computer Gaming World. p. 56. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "CGW Salutes The Games of the Year". Computer Gaming World. November 1992. p. 110. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Lesser, Hartley; Lesser, Patricia; Lesser, Kirk (July 1991). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (171): 57–64.
- ^ Lesser, Hartley; Lesser, Patricia; Lesser, Kirk (May 1993). "The Role of Computers". Dragon (193): 57–63.
- ^ "ProReview: Lemmings". GamePro (IDG) (70): 92. May 1995.
- ^ Retro Gamer 9, page 57.
- ^ "Lemmings PSP". Metacritic. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Lemmings Playstation 3". Metacritic. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Lemmings 2: The Tribes - PC - IGN". IGN. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ a b Soete, Tim (23 August 1996). "Lemmings Paintball Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Sterbakov, Hugh (1 December 1996). "Adventures of Lomax Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Andy Slaven, Video Game Bible, 1985-2002, Trafford Publishing, 2002 (p.35)
- ^ Anderson, Lee (20 December 2000). "Top 10 Linux games for the holidays". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Preview: Clones". Destructoid. 20 March 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Bell, Killian (25 June 2010). "Lemmings Coming to iPhone and iPod Touch For Free!". Cult of Mac. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Glasser, AJ (1 July 2010). "Lemmings iPhone port slapped with cease-and-desist letter". Macworld. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ Caplan, Lisa (13 April 2011). "If It Walks Like A Lemming And Talks Like A Lemming It Must Be… Caveman?". AppAdvice. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Buyers Guide". Amiga Power (8): 111–112. December 1991. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ Breebaart, Leo (1 July 2005). "Annotated Pratchett File v 9.0 - Interesting Times". LSpace. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ LeJacq, Yannick (9 July 2014). "Now I Know Why Lemmings Died". Kotaku. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
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text: For Immediate Release WXXI HOSTS A REUNION PARTY WITH ITS ORIGINAL MEMBERS TO KICK OFF Rochester, New York (June 9, 2006) – WXXI Public Broadcasting will kick off its 40th anniversary celebration with a reunion party for more than 100 of its charter members and other longtime friends of the station. The celebration will take place on Tuesday, June 13 from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. at WXXI's studios, 280 State Street in Rochester. The reunion party gives WXXI the opportunity to thank those who have supported the station for so many years. ### WXXI is the essential, life-long educational media resource for the Greater Rochester area. WXXI puts the community first with programming that stimulates and expands thought, inspires the spirit, opens cultural horizons and promotes understanding of diverse community issues. Log on to wxxi.org for more information about our services and programs. # # # |