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US 4791618 A Abstract Disclosed are a well logging process and a well logging system using dipmeter and other logs to find subsurface faults and unconformities and automatically produce therefrom, and with user interaction, a subsurface map of the structural and depositional environment and stratigraphic characteristics of subsurface formations particularly important in the search for and exploitation of subsurface resources such as hydrocarbons.
Claims(1) 1. A well logging process for dipmeter interpretation comprising the following machine-implemented steps:
deriving formation dips based at least on dipmeter logs produced by at least one dipmeter tool passed through at least one borehole traversing subsurface earth formations; providing blackboard storage for said formation dips and for user-selected tokens characterizing subsurface parameters and for relationships between said tokens and for geological rules; processing said formation dips and said user-selected tokens characterizing subsurface parameters by an inference engine operating on the basis of said geological rules each of which comprises (i) a premise made up of tokens, each comprising a geological assertion of fact concerning an attribute of at least one of a well log and a subsurface feature, (ii) the relationship between said tokens, and (iii) a geological conclusion to be derived if the tokens in the premise part of a rule and the relationship therebetween are found in the blackboard storage, wherein the geological conclusion derived from one rule becomes a token for use by another rule; and producing a visible record of selected geological characteristics of selected subsurface formations based on said geological conclusions reached by the inference engine on the basis of said geological rules. Description This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 834,940 filed 2-28-86 which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 295,365 filed on 8-24-81 both abandoned. The invention is generally in the field of well logging and relates particularly to a machine-implemented process and a system for using dipmeter logs, other logs, and user interaction to detect and map the structural and stratigraphic make-up of relevant parts of subsurface formations which are most likely to be particularly important in the search for and exploitation of underground resources such as hydrocarbons. Examples are subsurface faults and unconformities which are likely to be hydrocarbon traps, and the structural and depositional environment and stratigraphic characteristics thereof, such as, in a particular example, the structural dips immediately above and below a fault, the nature of the fault (e.g., growth fault), the orientation of the fault (e.g., oriented along a line from 60� to 240�, with the downthrown block at 150�), and the stratigraphy (e.g., a distributary-front with an associated channel having channel access at 160� in which the flow was at 75�). Characteristics of prehistoric beaches, deltas, faults and other subsurface formations can serve as important guides in the search for and exploitation of underground resources such as hydrocarbons, but of course cannot be observed directly in the typical case. Accordingly, their presence and characteristics must typically be found from various indirect measurements, such as those produced by logging a borehole traversing the formations. One of the important logging tools is the dipmeter, which produces dipmeter logs allowing for mapping the dip (i.e., the three-dimensional orientation or attitude) of subsurface formations. Other logging tools produce logs of subsurface characteristics such as electrical resistivity and conductivity, spontaneous electrical potential, nuclear activity and characteristics, and yet other logs are derived in a more indirect manner and comprise measurements versus depth in the borehole of subsurface parameters such as porosity. Such logs can be recorded on a record medium such as film or paper as traces showing the magnitude of the logged parameter versus depth in the borehole. Some, such as the dipmeter logs, can be converted to other presentations, such as an arrowplot or tadpole log comprising a vertical arrangement of arrows, where the vertical position of an arrow corresponds to depth in the borehole, the horizontal position is indicative of dip magnitude and the direction of the arrow is indicative of dip azimuth. Well logs derived for the same subsurface formations, for example from the same borehole, can be examined by expert log interpreters to seek clues to subsurface formations which are likely to serve as traps for hydrocarbons and to the nature of such formations. A difficulty with such subjective interpretation is that few experts can consistently arrive at accurate conclusions, and that such process is excessively time consuming and prone to error. Accordingly, work has been done in the past toward seeking to find an accurate and consistent way of utilizing well logs to find and map the subsurface characteristics considered important in the search for and exploitation of hydrocarbons, and an example is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 140,578, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,656, filed on Apr. 15, 1980 in the name of Vincent R. Hepp and entitled "Well Logging System for Mapping Structural and Sedimentary Dips of Underground Earth Formations," which is assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated in this application by reference as though fully set forth herein. In addition, proposals have been made in fields other than well logging for utilizing some initial measurements or information respecting a system to derive more general conclusions about its nature. For example, Duda, R. et al, "Development of a Computer-Based Consultant for Mineral Exploration," SRI Report, October 1977, propose mapping subsurface formation from seismic measurements; Buchanan, B. G., Feigenbaum, E. A., "Dendral and Melta-Dendral," Art. Intel., 11:5-24, 1978, propose reaching conclusion about mass spectrum from initial measurements; Reddy R. et al, "The HEARSAY Speech Understanding System," Proc. 3rd IJCAI, 185-193 propose chess moves solutions; Lesser, V. R. et al, "Organization of the HEARSAY-II Speech Understanding System," IEEE Trans. ZXXP, 23:11-23, January 1975, propose techniques in speech analysis; and Shortlifle, E. A., "Computer-Based Medical Consultations: Mycin," 1976, proposes a system for assisting medical diagnosis. See also, Davis R., Buchanan, B. G., Shortlifle, E. H., "Production Rules as a Representation," Art. Intel., 8:15-45, 1977. Unlike such prior art systems in fields other than well logging, the well logging environment has both weak a priori constraints on the ultimate results and weak consistency between result components. For example, multiple geological forces can be at work simultaneously or can affect a given formation in different or same ways at different times, and thus well logs tend to reflect the unseparated influence of such multiple forces; the logging process must contend with highly adverse measurement conditions (in a deep borehole typically having uneven walls and filled with high pressure and often high temperature mud); and the presence and nature of a geological feature at a given depth suggests little about the nature of formations spaced therefrom. Accordingly, in well logging subjective interpretation rather than automated systems have been the known way of utilizing primary and processed logs for finding the subsurface features of greatest interest, such as hydrocarbon traps, as discussed for example in "Fundamentals of Dipmeter Interpretation," 1970, and "Dipmeter Interpretation,", Vol. 1, Fundamentals, 1981, published by the assignee of this application and collectively referred to hereafter as the "dipmeter fundamentals books". In contrast to having to rely solely on human interpretation of well logs, but while utilizing empirical knowledge developed through such log interpretation, the invention makes it possible for a machine to use the logs to reach the ultimate results considered important in searching for and exploiting subsurface hydrocarbon traps, and to utilize such results to generate subsurface maps of the features of greatest interest in such search and exploitation. In an exemplary embodiment, the invented system comprises a log storage which stores the dipmeter and other logs used in practicing the invention, a blackboard storage which stores the current state of interpretation developed as a result of the invented process as well as the history thereof, an inference engine which responds to the logs and/or patterns in the blackboard storage by changing the state of interpretation therein, and an user-interface terminal. The terminal has a changing display of the most relevant logs and state of interpretation parameters, and inputs by which a user can actively participate in the developing interpretation and mapping of the relevant subsurface formations. In a particular example the log storage stores the dipmeter and borehole deviation logs and other logs such as the caliper and porosity (e.g., sonic and density) logs and possibly lithology and resistivity logs. The display at the user terminal shows: a small section, e.g. 200 feet, of a selected log, such as the caliper log; the dipmeter log, in the form of an arrowplot, for the same 200 foot section of the borehole; the borehole deviation log for the same 200 foot borehole section; a compressed dipmeter log, in the form of an abbreviated arrowplot showing depth and dip magnitude but not azimuth for the entire borehole interval which has been logged or is of interest, with an indication thereof for the 200 foot section displayed in detail; and other parameters such as a list of types of subsurface formations (e.g., patterns, lithologies, faults, zones, etc.), attributes (e.g., top and bottom borehole depth levels of a particular formation and its nature, or the attributes of a fault such as strike), and a menu of possible user selections. As an initial step, the system makes a first pass through the logs in the log storage to find any depth zones of doubtful quality due to, for example, malfunction of the log tool, logging operator errors, or log portions missing for other reasons. Unless a user selects a depth zone of special interest, the system then treats the logs to find the likely structural dip of subsurface formations. A premise is that small scale processes (river flow, tidal action at shorelines, etc.) produce characteristically varying patterns which typically extend over, say, 10 to 100 feet, while large scale processes (uplift or subsidence of a whole region) contribute additional, relatively constant dip, that extends, say, 500 to 1,000 or more feet. This additional and relatively constant dip is referred to as structural dip and typically results from tectonic as opposed to depositional or erosional events. Structural dip is important for at least two reasons in this invention: it is the overall orientation of large collections of subsurface layers and this in turn is suggestive of the likely direction of flow of hydrocarbons, which tend to float up through porous materials; and the structural dip is a background signal which can be removed from the overall dip of sedimentary layers to assist in the correct interpretation of small scale or stratigraphic events. Discontinuities of certain types in structural dip are indicative of missing sections, which can be faults or unconformities. A fault can be generally defined as a subsurface fracture with subsequent movement of the two blocks relative to each other, and is characterized by a number of attributes, such as the relative movement of both blocks with regard to the vertical and with respect to the dip of the fault plane, by the magnitude of dip of the fault plane, by the time of occurrence with respect to deposition, by the process which caused the fault, by relation to adjacent bedding, etc. An unconformity can be generally defined as the result of a hiatus or significant change in the normal geological sequence caused, for example, by a break in the process of deposition or erosion, or by structural deformation. It generally results in a missing amount of sediments corresponding to a missing geological time as compared to the normal sequence and is generally made up of two different series of strata separated by a surface of unconformity. An unconformity can similarly be characterized by a number of attributes, such as by type (e.g., nonconformity, paraunconformity, disconformity and angular unconformity), lateral extent, missing geological time, etc. Particularly in the missing sections which could be of interest because they could serve as potential traps for hydrocarbons, it is important to know the depositional environment and the stratigraphy of the subsurface formations and, accordingly, the system utilizes the current state of interpretation (structural dips, faults and unconformities and their attributes) and logs such as, for example, resistivity and lithology, to find the relevant depositional environment (e.g., whether the particular subsurface formation of interest was formed in a marine environment and if so, how deep the water was) and stratigraphy (e.g., the shape of the layer and its orientation and flow direction). Throughout the process the most relevant aspects of the current state of interpretation contained in the blackboard storage are displayed to the user, and the user can accept, modify or reject intermediate or final interpretation results in the blackboard storage or supply that storage with additional characteristics of the subsurface formations which may be the result of, for example, general and subjective knowledge about the formations of interest. For example, through the interface terminal which displays the intermediate results of finding zones of doubtful validity, the user can accept, modify or reject the relevant automatically derived intermediate results so that the current state of interpretation stored in the blackboard will thereafter incorporate any modifications so made by the user and such modifications can become the basis for later-derived intermediate or final results. Similarly, the structural dip automatically found by the system can be accepted, modified or rejected by the user through the interface terminal, with similar consequences, and the same applies to any other intermediate or even final result automatically derived by the system. As an end result, the system can produce tangible representations of the final state of interpretation contained in the blackboard storage, for example in the form of a map and/or other showing of the relevant part or parts of the subsurface formations, together with any desired intermediate results of the process and characteristics of the nature of the subsurface feature(s) of interest, the likely geological history thereof and possible other relevant attributes thereof. FIG. 1 is a generalized schematic illustration of a system utilizing the invention. FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating main steps in carrying out an exemplary process utilizing the invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the display and keyboard and cursor controls of an interface terminal used in practicing the process of FIG. 2. Referring to FIG. 1 for an overall illustration of a system making use of the invention, a well logging tool schematically illustrated at 10 is suspended on a cable 12 in a borehole 14 for investigating subsurface earth formations 16. Tool 10 can be a dipmeter tool which has four caliper arms actuated hydraulically from the surface to press respective measuring devices against the walls of borehole 14 so as to derive conductivity logs as the tool moves up the borehole. In addition, the dipmeter tool can include a device for measuring the instantaneous orientation of the tool with respect to magnetic north as well as the inclination of the tool axis from the vertical, and a device for measuring the instantaneous degree of extention of the arms and thereby the borehole caliper, so as to derive a caliper log. In the alternative, tool 10 can be another type of tool, deriving other logs such as sonic, density, spontaneous potential, etc. Cable 12, which typically is a multiconductor armored cable, passes over sheave wheel 18 and is secured to a drum-and-winch mechanism 20, which includes a suitable brush-and-slipring arrangement 22 for providing electrical connections between conductors within cable 12 and a unit 24, which is labelled CSU and includes suitable electrical and electronic circuitry for controlling tool 10 and for receiving logging signals therefrom and readying them for later use. A depth recorder 26 receives depth signals from wheel 28 engaging cable 12, and sends to unit 24 signals indicative of the apparent depth in the borehole at which each given log measurement is taken. Unit 24 or tool 10, or another unit (not shown) can include suitable analog-to-digital converters for converting analog signals received from tool 10 to digital measurements each associated with a given depth level in the borehole. The logs initially processed by unit 24 can be subjected to initial log conversions in unit 30, for example for depth alignment of logs or other log corrections. The logs useful in practicing the invention are stored in log storage 32, for example in the form of electrical or magnetic signals stored in, for example, semiconductor memory circuits or magnetic disc or tape storage devices. The logs in storage 32 are utilized by an inference engine 34, which can comprise a specially programmed and arranged digital computer such as the one commercially available under the designation DEC20, and also to a blackboard storage 36, which can comprise storage devices similar to those used in log storage 32. Blackboard storage 36 stores the current state of interpretation of the subsurface formations reflected in the logs in storage 32 as well as the interpretation history, and its contents are expanded and/or modified as the invented process carries out its steps. Inference engine 34 and blackboard storage 36 are interconnected with an interactive user interface terminal 38, which can be a graphics system commercially available under the designation RAMTEK running under a system commercially available under the designation VAX-11/780. Terminal 38 displays the relevant part of the current state of interpretation contained in blackboard storage 36, and has suitable facilities, such as a keyboard and an electronic pointing device and/or a joystick, allowing the user to modify and add to the state of interpretation contained in blackboard storage 36. Units 34 and 38 are further connected to a device 40, which can comprise a plotter or other equipment for producing visible representations on record medium such as film or paper, of logs and/or subsurface formations maps, and can contain other devices for recording such subsurface characteristics, for example in storage devices similar to those used in unit 22. Major steps in practicing an exemplary embodiment of the invention are illustrated in FIG. 2, where the initial step 100 comprises deriving a dipmeter log and one or more other logs such as a caliper log, a borehole deviation log, a sonic log, an electrical resistivity log, a spontaneous electrical potential log and/or a nuclear activity log. The dipmeter log can comprise the digitized log outputs from a four-pad dipmeter tool producing four traces, each for a respective path along the borehole wall spaced 90� from the two adjacent paths and each comprising conductivity measurements and their respective depth levels in the borehole, said measurements having been taken every few tenths of an inch (e.g. every 0.2" as the dipmeter tool is slowly drawn up the borehole by cable 12. In the alternative, or in addition, the dipmeter log derived at step 100 can be in arrowplot form or in its equivalent, such arrowplot being derived by processing the four conductivity outputs of the tool pads to produce, for each depth level of interest in the borehole, an arrow (sometimes called a tadpole) indicative of the dip magnitude and dip azimuth of the attitude or orientation relative to the vertical and relative to North, of the earth formation traversed by the borehole at the depth level of the given arrow or tadpole. The dipmeter log and presentations thereof, such as the tadpole plot or arrowhead plot, are discussed in said dipmeter fundamentals books. The other logs can include the caliper log and, for example the sonic and the density logs. Concurrently with the derivation of the desired logs at 100, step 102 displays desired characteristics thereof and allows user selection of the displayed matter. The display format can be as illustrated in FIG. 3, where the lefthand portion generally indicated at 101 displays, at the option of the user, the caliper log for a selected borehole depth interval, for example a 200 foot interval, which has a top and a bottom depth selected by the user, and additionally or instead can display a portion of the sonic and/or density logs for the same 200 foot depth interval. For example, the display can include the sonic log 101a, the density log 101b and the caliper log 101c for the same 200 foot depth interval selected by the user. A central display portion generally designated 103 shows a dipmeter log, in arrowplot form, for the same 200 feet depth interval in the borehole, with an arrow or tadpole every few feet (e.g., 2'), and a display portion 105 to the right thereof shows arrows indicative of borehole deviation. Display section 107 shows the dipmeter arrowplot for the entire borehole, on a compressed vertical scale in which the 200 foot section displayed in detail at 101 and 103 is indicated, in terms of its top and bottom borehole depths, by respective lines 107a and 107b. Display portion 109 is used to display types of subsurface formations or characteristics thereof, display section 111 is used to display attributes of subsurface formations and display section 113 is used to display a menu for user actions, such as altering or deleting a subsurface characteristic. Yet additional subsurface characteristics can be displayed in section 115 through a keyboard schematically illustrated at 117 and electronic pointing device (puck) and/or joystick controls generally designated at 119. The user can move lines 107a and 107b up and down the depth extent of the entire borehole, to thereby display in detail selected 200 foot sections thereof and can interact with the current state of interpretation contained in the blackboard storage. Referring again to FIG. 2, as a result of the derivation of the desired logs at step 100, the user display can show, at section 107 thereof, the vertically compressed arrowplot form dipmeter log for the entire extent of the borehole, the detailed dipmeter arrowhead plot of a 200 foot borehole depth interval at section 103 and of one or more of the other logs at section 101. The user can select, by controls 119 and/or keyboard 117, the particular 200 foot borehole depth interval to be displayed in detail. At step 104 in FIG. 2, the process checks each of the logs derived at step 100 to find any zones of doubtful validity, such as zones indicative of mechanical malfunction of the dipmeter or other logging tool, operator error, washouts, sparse or blank zones and intervals where the dips are mirror images of the borehole deviation. The results of the tests at step 104 are supplied to the user display, and at step 106 the user can accept, modify or reject such doubtful zones. If the user has a special interest in a given depth interval, a selection of the zone for that interval can be made at step 108, so that only that section of the borehole can be displayed in detail and processed further. At step 110 the process starts testing the dipmeter log to find any green patterns, i.e., substantially depth-contiguous dips whose dip magnitudes and dip azimuths are substantially consistent. The inference engine examines all possible groupings of depth-contiguous dips and finds candidate green pattern for user examination, starting for example at the top of the borehole (or of a zone selected by the user at 108) and proceeding down the borehole. The 200 foot interval under consideration at any one time is shown in detail at 103 on the display, and any green patterns found by the process are identified, for example by coloring green the displayed arrows which form a part of a green pattern. Again, at 106 the user can accept, modify or reject any green pattern which was automatically found at step 110, by use of controls 119 and/or keyboard 117. After user confirmation, combinations of green patterns are agglomerated into structural dip hypothesis, using for example a premise that patterns whose vertical extent is less than a threshold, e.g., 100 feet, are not likely to be indicative of structural dip, but that patterns whose vertical extent is over a given threshold, say 500 feet, are indeed likely to be indicative of structural dip. The structural dip and any borehole deviation irregularities found at 112 are displayed to the user, and again at step 106 the user can accept, modify or reject the parameters found at step 112. Following step 112, and any modification of the results thereof by the user at step 106, step 114 finds likely missing sections by having the inference engine proceed through a hierarchy of geological rules, for example a rule based on the premise that certain types of discontinuities of structural dip between depth successive borehole zones are likely to correspond to a missing section. Again, the results of step 114, which comprise an identification of the top and bottom of a missing section and of the structural dips above and below, are displayed, and the user can accept, modify or reject them at step 106. At step 116 red patterns are found which are characterized by a string of substantially depth-contiguous dips whose dip magnitudes generally increase with depth in the borehole and whose dip azimuths are consistent. For example, structural red patterns can be found at 116 by having the user scroll the display through the relevant depth extent of the borehole and designate groups of dips appearing at section 103 of the display as red patterns. At step 118 the process refines the missing sections found at step 114 (and after any modifications by the user at step 106) by distinguishing between missing sections which are likely to correspond to subsurface faults and missing sections which are likely to correspond to subsurface unconformities, by using at least in some cases, both the missing section attributes found at step 114 and the red and blue pattern attributes found at step 116. Following automatic refining of missing sections at step 118 and display thereof, the user again can accept, modify or reject the automatically found results. At step 120, stratigraphic red and blue patterns are found, each of which comprises substantially depth-contiguous dips whose dip magnitude generally decreases with depth in the borehole and whose dip azimuths are consistent, said blue patterns being selected by a user in a manner similar to that discussed in connection with red patterns regarding step 116. In the same step 120 the user can supply the system with lithological characteristics of the formations which may be known from other logs or other sources and with shale resistivity characteristics of the formation known from respective logs or from other sources, said characteristics being supplied through keyboard 117 and/or cursor controls 119. In the alternative, resistivity (e.g., shale) and lithology logs stored in step 100 can be used for the purpose. Again, any part of the current state of interpretation contents of the blackboard storage can be accepted, modified or rejected by the user through the user interface terminal. At step 122 the system finds, on the basis of the current contents of the blackboard storage, depositional environment and stratigraphy characteristics of the relevant parts of the subsurface formation, for example of the areas of one or more faults and/or unconformities selected by the user and, after any acceptance, modification or rejection by the user at step 106, at step 124 the system records and/or plots the relevant geological characteristics found as discussed above. In carrying out the processes discussed in connection at least with steps 114, 118, 120 and 122, the inference engine operates on the basis of a heirarchical set of rules whose purpose is to infer the existence of geological structures and features from the presence of various features on logs and/or in the state of interpretation stored in the blackboard storage. A sample rule, expressed in simplified syntax, is "if there is a red pattern above a fault, and the length of the red pattern is greater than 200 feet, then the fault is a growth fault." The premise part of the rule consists of one or more clauses, each of which is composed of a predicate on one or more patterns. A clause can refer to a feature of a log (e.g., red patterns) or geological entities (e.g., faults), and is an assertion or a fact, as for example "there is a red pattern over a fault." Such clauses, expressed in "token" format, are stored in the blackboard storage upon derivation and, as discussed above, can be modified or rejected by the user, through the interface terminal, at any time. The inference engine carries out its operation in accordance with rules such as the sample rule above, by scanning through the tokens which are in the blackboard storage at any one time to find the combination of tokens contained in the premise part of the rule and the relationship therebetween expressed in the rule, and upon finding both produces a new token which is the conclusion part of the rule. In the sample rule above, the inference engine must find in the blackboard storage a token identifying a red pattern which is over a fault, and must find that the length of the same red pattern is greater than 200 feet, whereupon the inference engine creates the new token identifying the fault as a growth fault and stores a token to that effect in the blackboard storage. Conclusions can be represented in the blackboard storage as patterns describing segments of the log. For example, the presence of a fault zone can be represented as (FAULT 13762 13790 GROWTH 63 243 153) which identifies a fault whose top is at borehole depth of 13,762 feet, the bottom is at borehole depth of 13,790 feet, the fault is a growth fault and it is oriented along a line running from 63� to 243� and that the direction of the downthrown block is 153�. As one example of an end result of the process discussed in connection with FIG. 2, step 124 can produce a tangible record of (i) the structural dip of at two or more subsurface zones, identifying the top and bottom borehole depths of each zone and the structural dip thereof in terms of dip magnitude and dip azimuth; (ii) a fault and the top and bottom borehole depths thereof as well as other attributes of the fault such as its orientation and type; (iii) a distributary-front with an associated channel, giving the top and bottom borehole depths thereof and the orientation of the channel axis and flow direction. This record can be in the form of a map display and/or it can be in the form of another type of plot or record, such as a visible plot or record on a record medium such as paper or film or the equivalent thereof in the form of electrical and/or magnetic signal stored in devices similar to those discussed in connection with unit 32 in FIG. 1, and can reflect the structural dip, of attributes of the fault and of attributes of the distributary-front and its associated channel. Patent Citations
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Guitar World Presents Pink FloydPink Floyd's extraordinary career has now spanned four decades, from their early days pushing the cutting edge of British psychedelic pop to their massive successes with moody, conceptual masterpieces like Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and The Wall, to their acrimonious split with Roger Waters and finally, the immense stadium tours that followed. Throughout, Pink Floyd has influenced everyone from David Bowie to Nine Inch Nails to Radiohead, and their albums continue to have timeless appeal. Now, premier interview journalist Alan di Perna and the editors of Guitar World have collected penetrating interviews and insights into Roger Waters, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, and Rick Wright to create a vivid portrait of a notoriously reclusive band. |
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Really?...Great pics though!
Incorrect Birthdays right off the bat! When were Waters And Gilmour born?...
Mysterious Ways | 1 |
Absolute Sound | 48 |
Davids Harp | 53 |
Wall of Sound | 67 |
Sounds of Silence | 75 |
Mooney Tunes | 88 |
The Eye of the Storm | 95 |
In the Flesh | 109 |
Common terms and phrases
actually Alan di Perna amps Animals Arnold Layne Atom Heart Mother audience band's bass Beatles become blues classic rock Comfortably Numb concert Crazy Diamond Dark Side Dave David Gilmour demo Division Bell Ezrin feel film Geldof GILMOUR Yes going guitar sound Guitar World Guitar World Presents guitarist guys happened Hipgnosis human idea kind lap steel Lapse of Reason laughs listen live album live performances live shows members of Pink Momentary Lapse Moon musicians Nick Mason onstage piece Pink Floyd album playing psychedelic radio recalls record release REZNOR Rick Wright rock and roll rock bands rock star Roger Waters Saucerful of Secrets seems Seventies Shine solo album songs songwriting stage Storm Thorgerson studio album stuff Syd Barrett Syd's there's thing thought tour track trying tune Wall wanted write Yeah Zeppelin

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cooking help needed - please give your opinion
cooking this in a couple hours.... what are your thoughts on cooking all of this together at the same time????
I rarely cook with baccon.... so Im not sure about this.
brussle sprouts, whole garlic cloves pealed, and cut up baccon.
can I put it all in one tray raw, sprinkle with olive oil, s&p and cook at 475 together?
Although I have never cooked brussel sprouts I would say yes. Go for it.
Never cooked it but if I did that sounds like the right way.
475 seems a bit high.....when I cook bacon in the oven I set it at 400 and I would probably do the brussel sprouts even lower....was this a recipe ?????
My post might be a little too late. I've done this on top of the stove in a skillet. Fry the bacon enough to render most of the (ahem...) grease. Toss the rest in, add a little water and simmer until desired doneness. And, yes, I'm from the south.


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Braised Veal with Aromatic Vegetables Bon Appétit | March 2002
- 1 1/2 pounds boneless veal shoulder, cut into 3/4-inch cubes
- 2 tablespoons (1/4 stick) butter
- 1 small fennel bulb, thinly sliced; 2 tablespoons chopped fronds reserved
- 8 ounces baby carrots
- 1 medium onion, halved lengthwise, thinly sliced
- 2 1/4 cups plus 1 tablespoon Italian-style seasoned canned chicken broth
- 2 teaspoons cornstarch
- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
- 1 teaspoon grated lemon peel
Sprinkle veal with salt and pepper. Melt butter in heavy large pot over medium-high heat. Add veal; sauté until brown on all sides, about 5 minutes. Reduce heat to medium. Add sliced fennel bulb, carrots, and onion; sauté 5 minutes. Add 2 1/4 cups broth; bring to simmer. Cover pot; reduce heat to medium-low. Simmer until veal and vegetables are tender, about 20 minutes. Mix cornstarch and remaining 1 tablespoon broth in bowl; add to stew. Increase heat; bring to boil, stirring often. Reduce heat to medium. Add lemon juice and peel; simmer 2 minutes. Stir in fennel fronds. Serve hot.
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Lake Zurich, Hawthorn Woods, and Kildeer Police and Fire, Island Lake Police |
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Lake Zurich, Hawthorn Woods, and Kildeer Police and Fire, Island Lake Police 3/2013 Island Lake PD now dispatched by LZ ~Lake Zurich FD,PD,Red/White Fireground,Island Lake PD Alpha Tag Support |
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3/2013 Island Lake PD now dispatched by LZ
Lake Zurich/Hawthorn Woods/Kildeer Illinois, Police and Fire in Lake County Illinois. The frequency is 470.7375 PD, 155.835 FD, and 153.8300 Red Fireground. Enjoy! Lake Zurich units are 7100s Hawthorn Woods units are 7300s, Kildeer units are 7400s, and ISLAND LAKE UNITS ARE 8200s. If you are interested in helping your community look into joining your local CERT Team :) CERT Info Can Be Found Through Here-> www.volz.org/index.aspx
Alpha Tags are now working. Email me @ email@example.com for questions or recommendations :)
My feed is capable of automatically emailing short recordings of the LZ FD dispatches, never miss whats going on, this is free of course but keep in mind it emails EVERY FIRE DISPATCH so you will recieve many emails haha but if your interested email email@example.com


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By Cal Henderson, October 28th 2010.
If you want to know how U.S. taxes are spent, there are plenty of good sources of information. The 6 sq ft Death & Taxes poster from WallStats gives an excellent overview of relative budgets. But where does the tax money come from to begin with? This is the question I set out to answer.
The information can be found in the U.S. Census Bureau, which like many government departments has a ton of data that's hard to find and understand. The Quarterly Summary of State & Local Tax Revenue is what we care about. The PDFs contain some big impenetrable data tables, so I turned them into simple charts.
So where does the money come from?
The 'other' slice represents 19% of total taxes collected, and can be broken down a little further.
The source of the 'other' slice here, 12.3% of the total, isn't specified in the census data. It contains Severance taxes ($3.4B) and Documentary and stock transfer taxes ($1.2B), but there are another $34.4B unaccounted for. If you know where it comes from, let me know!
The data for the charts above is as follows, along with the same data from 10 and 20 years ago.
Property Tax | $89.1B | $47.8B | $34.5B |
Sales Tax | $76.6B | $58.0B | $30.3B |
Individual Income Tax | $75.9B | $69.4B | $24.4B |
Corporate Income Tax | $15.2B | $13.4B | $5.0B |
Motor Fuel | $9.5B | $7.8B | $5.2B |
Vehicle Licenses | $6.7B | $5.0B | $2.6B |
Tobacco | $4.6B | $2.1B | $1.5B |
Alcohol | $1.6B | $1.2B | $0.9B |
Other | $39.0B | $25.7B | $21.1B |
Total | $318.2B | $230.4B | $116.5B |
While the amounts have clearly changed over time (an increase of 173% in 20 years), the proportions have stayed pretty much the same.
Around 75% of all collected taxes come from property tax, individual income tax and sales tax. Property tax is currently the highest, representing almost a third of all collected taxes. Motor fuel contributes almost as much tax as corporations, while tobacco products make three times the money of alcohol.
This is not an analysis of the data - just a quick and simple visualization to understand where U.S tax money comes from. If you spot any glaring mistakes or omissions, drop me an email and teach me: cal [at] iamcal.com
Copyright © 2010 Cal Henderson.
The text of this article is all rights reserved. No part of these publications shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review or academic work.


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From broad liability insurance to the profession's best Continuing Education, AMTA membership provides the tools you need to thrive in your massage therapy career. Sign in to view your benefits »
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Explore the profession's best education, both face-to-face and online. Expand your knowledge and take your career to the next level.
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Explore a set of exercises, rooted in kinesiology, utilizing range of motion for relief of sciatica symptoms.
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From SOAP notes to intake forms, use these tools to market your practice, expand your business and make informed decisions about your professional growth.
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A growing body of research supports the health benefits of massage therapy. Educate your clients with our resources.
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New York State
Research has shown the benefits of massage for people with autoimmune diseases. For 40 years, S.L.E. Lupus Foundation/Lupus Research Institute has led the way in delivering care, raising awareness and educating people about lupus. AMTA volunteers have been working on the local level with S.L.E. Lupus Foundation for some time, educating and providing massage therapy to those affected by this disease.
These efforts have lead to a new opportunity for more people living with lupus to experience the benefits of massage. AMTA and S.L.E. are pairing up to give AMTA members in the New York City area the opportunity to serve this deserving population. AMTA members can list themselves on the S.L.E. website for free as a way for people with lupus to find qualified massage therapists in their area.
Many people who have lupus are not able to work and/or are on fixed incomes. This means they may not be able to afford the standard rate—even though they would benefit from regular massage. S.L.E is looking for AMTA massage therapists open to offering massage on a sliding scale. Typically a sliding scale discounts the regular price so there is less of a financial barrier for lower income people. This allows clients to pay what they can afford. As with any arrangement, however, therapists should agree to terms up front, including payment. As with any client, you would not be obligated to treat people who cannot afford your fee or do not pay you. Since the affects of massage are cumulative, sliding scales also allow people to receive massage on a regular basis, which is more beneficial for their condition. For more information, see the massage therapy resource guide, or visit the S.L.E. Lupus Foundation Facebook page.
Here is the Lupus Promotion Flyer.
If you are interested in being listed on the S.L.E website, please contact:Samantha Paige-Graeber email: email@example.com phone: 845-355-8015
Please include the following information in your email:NameBusiness Name, if anyTelephone numberAddressWebsite, if anyModalitiesDo you make house calls?
"It's nice to know that I am part of an organization that is backing me 100 percent."
—Kristie W., AMTA member since 2011


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Legalese in long-hand
Don Bauder 4:30 p.m., April 25
Been there, done that? The economy as we know it has crashed. Whatever we do to putting Humpty Dumpty back together again is now exactly going to bring the results that we would like. A shift has happened. The price of gas makes growing food right where you live more and more essential not only to survive but thrive. So now is the time to get to know your neighbors. We are entering a time when we need others more than we know. 911 may have put fear into us about trusting, but if we do not trust those around us now, we are going to be in a state of real homeland earth insecurity. Do you know how to grow a bit of your own food? Do you know your neighbors? In China, every bit of available space, whether you own it or not, is growing food. What are you going to do when the Vons shelves are barren? Do you realize that San Diego only has a limited supply of foods on the shelf? I for one plan to start knocking on some doors soon on my street to see who wants to help garden and grow food. Your Enchanted Gardnener, Leslie Goldman
Leslie last year my neighbors had a garden growing in about 18 inches of curb dirt. I harvested a sweet potatoe plant yielding beautiful fingerling sweet potatoes. We had tomatoes, herbs, peppers and lettuce. This year, some things are coming up, we'll see. We lost our head gardener and the woman who took his place is having some health problems. I weed and help water. This was all done with hand tools and elbow grease. If the disabled can do it, anyone can.


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For Immediate Release
Chicago, IL – April 10, 2012 – Zacks.com announces the list of stocks featured in the Analyst Blog. Every day the Zacks Equity Research analysts discuss the latest news and events impacting stocks and the financial markets. Stocks recently featured in the blog include Chesapeake Energy (CHK), Ultra Petroleum Corp. (UPL), Talisman Energy Inc. (TLM), Exxon Mobil Corp. (XOM) and ConocoPhillips (COP).
Get the most recent insight from Zacks Equity Research with the free Profit from the Pros newsletter: http://at.zacks.com/?id=5513
Here are highlights from Monday's Analyst Blog:
Nat Gas Prices: Freefall Continues
The U.S. Energy Department's weekly inventory release showed a larger-than-expected increase in natural gas supplies, as record-warm March temperatures across the country have restricted the commodity's requirement for power burn. The injection – third in 2012 – has added to the already bloated inventories, thereby pressuring spot prices that slipped to a 31-month low.
Gas stocks – currently some 60% above the benchmark five-year average levels – are at their highest point for this time of the year, reflecting low demand amid robust onshore output.
The Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report – brought out by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) every Thursday since 2002 – includes updates on natural gas market prices, the latest storage level estimates, recent weather data and other market activities or events.
The report provides an overview of the level of reserves and their movements, thereby helping investors understand the demand/supply dynamics of natural gas.
It is an indicator of current gas prices and volatility that affect businesses of natural gas-weighted companies and related support plays like Chesapeake Energy (CHK).
Stockpiles held in underground storage in the lower 48 states rose by 42 billion cubic feet (Bcf) for the week ended March 30, 2012, above the guidance range (of 33–37 Bcf gain) as per the analysts surveyed by Platts.
The increase – the third injection of 2012 – is well above the 5-year (2007–2011) average build of 8 Bcf for the reported week and compares with last year's draw of 29 Bcf.
As a result of last week's stock build, the current storage level – at 2.479 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) – is now up 887 Bcf (55.7%) from last year and 934 Bcf (60.5%) over the five-year average.
With this huge and sharply widening natural gas surplus, inventories in underground storage have started to climb weeks earlier than the usual summer stock-building season – from April through October. They have persistently exceeded the five-year average since late September last year and are likely to beat the previous winter (March 31) record of 2.1 Tcf set in 1983.
A supply glut has pressured natural gas prices during the past year or so, as production from dense rock formations (shale) – through novel techniques of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing – remain robust, thereby overwhelming demand.
As a matter of fact, natural gas prices have dropped approximately 57% from 2011 peak of $4.92 per million Btu (MMBtu) in June to the current level of around $2.10 (referring to spot prices at the Henry Hub, the benchmark supply point in Louisiana). Incidentally, prices hit a 31-month low of $1.88 during last week.
To make matters worse, a near-record mild weather across most of the country curbed natural gas demand for heating all winter, leading to an early beginning for the stock-building season. The grossly oversupplied market continues to pressure commodity prices in the backdrop of sustained strong production.
This has forced several natural gas players to announce drilling/volume curtailments. Exploration and production outfits like Ultra Petroleum Corp. (UPL) and Talisman Energy Inc. (TLM) have reduced their 2012 capital budget to minimize investments in development drilling.
On the other hand, Oklahoma-based Chesapeake – the second-largest U.S. producer of natural gas behind Exxon Mobil Corp. (XOM) – and rival explorer ConocoPhillips (COP) have opted for production shut-ins to cope with the weak environment for natural gas that is likely to prevail during the year.
However, we feel these planned reductions will not be enough to balance out the massive natural gas supply/demand disparity and therefore we do not expect much upside in gas prices in the near term. In other words, there appears no reason to believe that the supply overhang will subside and natural gas will be out of the dumpster in 2012.
Want more from Zacks Equity Research? Subscribe to the free Profit from the Pros newsletter: http://at.zacks.com/?id=5515.
About Zacks Equity Research
Zacks Equity Research provides the best of quantitative and qualitative analysis to help investors know what stocks to buy and which to sell for the long-term.
Continuous coverage is provided for a universe of 1,150 publicly traded stocks. Our analysts are organized by industry which gives them keen insights to developments that affect company profits and stock performance. Recommendations and target prices are six-month time horizons.
Zacks "Profit from the Pros" e-mail newsletter provides highlights of the latest analysis from Zacks Equity Research. Subscribe to this free newsletter today: http://at.zacks.com/?id=5517
About Zacks
Zacks.com is a property of Zacks Investment Research, Inc., which was formed in 1978 by Leon Zacks. As a PhD from MIT Len knew he could find patterns in stock market data that would lead to superior investment results. Amongst his many accomplishments was the formation of his proprietary stock picking system; the Zacks Rank, which continues to outperform the market by nearly a 3 to 1 margin. The best way to unlock the profitable stock recommendations and market insights of Zacks Investment Research is through our free daily email newsletter; Profit from the Pros. In short, it's your steady flow of Profitable ideas GUARANTEED to be worth your time! Register for your free subscription to Profit from the Pros at http://at.zacks.com/?id=5518.
Visit http://www.zacks.com/performance for information about the performance numbers displayed in this press release.
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Disclaimer: Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investors should always research companies and securities before making any investments. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any security.
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Read the analyst report on CHK
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Read the analyst report on TLM
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Top Definition
A kerchief worn about the neck.
Don't make fun of my and my neckerchief!
di Sarahjayne
18 novembre 2008
1 more definition
A mens large handkerchief worn around the neck of an woman (similar to a scarf) to increase their attractiveness
Tracey looked so hot last night wearing her neckerchief, so after I fucked her I came all over it.
di Nick O'chief
02 dicembre 2009


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THEN BE SURE TO DOWNLOAD OUR NEW FREE APP (or SEARCH "pro wrestling" in App Store or Android Marketplace)
WWE Main Event, Alberto Del Rio, Ricardo Rodriguez, Billy Gunn, and Zack Ryder making stops at NXT events, Jake Roberts added to Night of the Legends II, Bobby Lashley fundraising effort, Wrestling is Respect results Jan 30, 2013 - 09:00 AM
By Jason Powell -WWE Main Event features the beginning of the Intercontinental Cup tournament to determine the new No. 1 contender to the Intercontinental Title. Join Chris Shore for live coverage of WWE Main Event as the show airs on ION Network tonight at 7:00 p.m. CT. -Dot Net Members are listening to two and a half hours of new audio content since Sunday night alone. They are slated to hear the Dot Net Countdown show with Will Pruett and Jake Barnett today and the Dot Net Weekly audio show with Chris Shore and I on Thursday. Join us on the ad-free version of the website by signing up for membership now via the Dot Net Members' Signup Page. -World Hvt. Champion Alberto Del Rio and Ricardo Rodriguez will appear at the January 31 NXT event in Winter Park, Florida. -Zack Ryder will appear at the NXT live event in Fort Pierce, Florida on February 15. -DX member Billy Gunn will appear at the NXT house show events on February 13 in Orlando, Florida at the Armory, February 17 at the armory in Brooksville, Florida, and on February 22 at the armory in Jacksonville, Florida. Gunn is also working behind the scenes as a member of the training staff. For more details about upcoming NXT events, visit FCWwrestling.com. [Thanks to Devin Cutting of ProwrestlingEvents.tk.] -Jake Roberts is advertised for the Night of the Legends II show that takes place on April 13 in Waynesboro, Va. He will be part of a VIP package that includes access to take your own photo with Roberts, get a signed photo, and one autograph. The price is $20 online and $25 at the door. For more information, visit TopRopeWrestling.com. -Bobby Lashley is attempting to raise funds for his Mentoring Through Fitness program. He hopes to raise $10,000 to help cover the costs of equipment, uniforms, trainers, tutors, and other staff. For more information, visit Gofundme.com/lashleyfitnessfoundation?utm_campaign=Emails&utm_source=sendgrid.com&utm_medium=email. -Wrestling is Respect results from the January 27 show in Boonton, N.J.: Mike Quckenbush beat Green Ant, Drew Gulak over Leech Landa via submission, Angel Orsini beat Kimberlee, Gran Akuma beat Ophidian, Francis O'Rourke beat The Estonian Thunder Frog, Veda Scott beat Saturyne, Oleg the Usurper beat Soldier Ant, Delirious defeated The Shard. The show will be available through Smart Mark Video, and the promotion will part of National Pro Wrestling Day. The return date for Boonton is March 24. -There are no pro wrestling shows listed for ESPN Classic tonight.
MEMBERSHIP INFO Become a Dot Net Member right now for $7.50 a month or $66 a year ($5.50 a month avg.). Get exclusive audio, first-look insider news, Forum access, member blogs, more... CLICK FOR SIGN-UP INFO


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- Anywhere In The UK
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Radius: ... miles
Featuring: Peter Hook, Jah Wobble, Lee Rocker, Guy Pratt, Nate Watts, David Ellefson, Wojtek Pilichowski, Malcolm Joseph, Andy Irvine, Grog Lisee, Igor Saavedra, Phil Mulford, Andrew Levy
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London Bass Guitar Show: Peter Hook + Jah Wobble + Lee Rocker + Guy Pratt + Nate Watts + David Ellefson + Wojtek Pilichowski + Malcolm Joseph + Andy Irvine + Grog Lisee + Igor Saavedra + Phil Mulford + Andrew Levy
"The London Bass Guitar Show promotes the art of playing bass to the general public, satisfying and exciting a demand that clearly exists.
UK bass players will have the opportunity to observe first-hand the latest products and gear, watch the world's top players in action and attend master-classes and clinics, all under one roof. Your ticket gives access to everything for the day - there are no hidden costs.
Come see big brand names such as Fender, Dunlop, Ortega and many more retailers and artists being confirmed every day! Visit the website www.londonbassguitarshow.com for updates."
Info provided by the Event Organiser
This event takes place at London Olympia, which has achieved Bronze Status for disabled access from Attitude Is Everything.
Peter Hook
Best known as the bassist from Joy Division and New Order. Peter decided to honour the outstanding work of his first band and the undoubted genius of the late Ian Curtis by giving people the opportunity to hear both of Joy Division's masterpiece albums, "Unknown Pleasures" and "Closer", live and in their entirety. Backed by his new band The Light, Hooky first played "Unknown Pleasures" at the Factory club in Manchester on May 2010, before taking the show on the road throughout Europe, Australia/NZ and the United States.
Peter Hook tour dates
Jah Wobble
Jah Wobble has always managed to surprise, delight and confound his core audience. Never following dictates of record marketing men, he provides continued creativity and invention. A fantastic aural journey through dub, world, ambient and avant-rock music, as Jah paints his entrancingly dark, textural soundscapes.
Jah Wobble tour dates
Guy Pratt
Born in in London in 1962, bassist Guy Pratt has toured the world and worked with the likes of Pink Floyd, Madonna, Michael Jackson, Womack & Womack, Tom Jones and countless others.
Guy Pratt tour dates
Andy Irvine
Hailed as 'a tradition in himself', musician, singer and songwriter Andy Irvine has consistently been a major influence throughout his 40-year career. From Sweeney's Men, to Planxty and onto Patrick Street, he has been an icon for traditional music and musicians.
Andy Irvine tour dates
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Venue Facts
Venue: London Olympia
Disabled Access: Bronze Status
Website: olympia.co.uk
→ Kensington (Olympia) 2 min walk
→ Kensington Olympia 2 min walk


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Taken with my new 5D at Mount Annan Botanical Gardens on an outing with Mum and the kids.
© Sarah Moore 2010
Photographer, Artist, Designer
View Full ProfileThis is gorgeous sarah. Do you mind me asking where you were? Was it somewhere local?
There are beds and beds of them at Mount Annan Botanical Gardens out at Camden.
– Sarah Moore
Before you broke it… :)
You are hilarious.
– Sarah Moore
Thanks Sarah. I was thinking of going there this weekend but didn't get around to it. might have to go there next weekend. :)
So pretty!
Lovely photo!
Beautiful colours Sarah.
Sarah, this would have to be one of my all time favourite photos you have ever taken, I love it. Great shot.
beautiful shot
a slightly surreal feel to it. lovely!
Delightful!! :)


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Avery Individually Numbered Legal Index Dividers
Printed: "14" - 8.50" x 11" - White Tab - 25/ Pack - View Complete Details
Product Number: AVE11924
Estimated Delivery - 1 business day(s) - Tue 4/28 2 business days - Wed 4/29
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Avery Individually Numbered Legal Index Dividers - Use these individual legal dividers when you're assembling your case for organized files. This set contains 25 dividers printed with the same tab. Use these dividers to organize your index briefs, legal exhibits, mortgage documentation files and more. The crisp and clean white paper stock gives your files a professional appearance. The durable, Rip Proof, reinforced side tabs are preprinted on both sides using Helvetica bold type so you can locate your information easily. The unpunched binding edges mean these indexes can fit practically any binding system.
- Rip Proof™ reinforced, dual-sided, laminated tabs make it easy to organize your information.
- Unpunched binding edge fits practically any binding system.
- Ideal for index briefs, legal exhibits, mortgage documentation files and more!
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Get the Best Priced Pontiac J2000 Sunbird Brake Caliper
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Pontiac J2000 Sunbird Replacement Brake Caliper Information
Search our online brake caliper catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured Pontiac J2000 Sunbird Brake Caliper parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following Pontiac J2000 Sunbird years: 1985, 1984, 85, 84. This part is also sometimes called Pontiac J2000 Sunbird Brake Calipers. We stock brake caliper parts for most Pontiac models including Fiero, Grand Prix, Firebird, Grand Am, Bonneville, Vibe, G6, Solstice, GTO, Montana, 6000, G8, LeMans, Sunfire, Trans Sport, Torrent, Aztek, Catalina, Tempest, Sunbird, G5, G3, Parisienne, Ventura, Grandville, Grand LeMans, Phoenix, Wave, Firefly, T1000, Safari, Astre, Pursuit, Executive, Sunrunner, J2000, Laurentian, Acadian, Sunburst and Optima.
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Taylor and Francis 2005; US$ 45.95In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards... more...
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LINE Traveling Circus 3.4 Euro-Trip!
In January The Traveling Circus goes intercontinental heading to Europe for their first overseas episode. Episode four documents this euro-trip, their lack of planning, and Andy's attempts to speak the local tongue.
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Isle Royale National Park
Accessible only by ferry, personal boat, or float-plane service, Isle Royale National Park--perched in the northwest corner of Lake Superior--is worth the extra effort to get there. Fewer than 20,000 people a year visit the park, but the island has a loyal following. The average visit to Isle Royale is four days, compared to a few hours at the Grand Canyon. Though closed in the winter months, summer at the park is warm and fall foliage provides a colorful backdrop for potential sightings of rutting moose. Not for the faint of heart, park visitors should prepare for rugged canoe portages and primitive-backcountry hiking and camping.
If you go > >
Free backcountry permits are required for the island's 36 campgrounds.
Isle Royale Wilderness Sojourn
Isle Royale National Park is a road-less wilderness island accessible only by boat or float plane. Get an insider's look at the world's longest running wolf/moose interaction study as we Lake Superior's beautiful coastline along the Wisconsin and Michigan borders. Two spots are now available on this departure!
MichiganNPCA REGION:
Midwest Regional OfficeAcreage:
National ParkEstablished:
March 5, 2014
May 23, 2013
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May 9, 2012
-submitted by Jerry Kovach/"Goldie is a Yellow Lab/Shepherd mix adopted from the Toledo Humane Society."
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November 2013 cover of Self Magazine featuring Jenna Dewan Tatum (Channing Tatum's wife). Jenna Dewan Tatum's first post-baby photo shoot for SELF magazine's November 2013 issue, on newsstands Oct 22. / Dewey Nicks for SELF
She welcomed her daughter on May 31, but Jenna Dewan Tatum is already baring her post-baby bod!
And with a physique like that, who can blame her?
The mom to baby Everly and wife to Channing Tatum shows off her hard work at the gym on the cover of the November issue of Self magazine (out Oct. 22), and reveals how she lost the 33 pounds she gained while pregnant with daughter Everly in just seven weeks. "I do a 35-minute hip-hop workout my trainer gave me. Chan laughs because he walks in on me doing my routine to Lil Wayne in the living room. He hasn't jumped in yet, but I'm going to have to work on that!"
And hubby "Chan" just "loves my new (curvier] figure," she says. "There's no complaints on his side, for sure!"
As for the baby, she already has a certain taste in music: "After Everly was born, I watched music videos on TV a lot. Every time Blurred Lines came on, I'd rock her to sleep to it. I should send Robin Thicke an e-mail: 'Thank you for your song. It has saved me!' It's also perfect to do squats to!"
Copyright 2015
Read the original story: Jenna Dewan Tatum bares post-baby bod


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Tenchu: Return from Darkness Wiki Guide
Welcome to the Tenchu: Return from Darkness wiki guide.
Are you having problems navigating the immense missions in Tenchu: Return From Darkness? Are you looking for those mission objectives in complete step-by-step detail? Are those boss enemies swiping their swords into your chest before you can slash at them? Have you injured your back in a car accident... with ninjas as the driver? Have no fear, you ninja wannabes! IGN Guides is here to send you on the path of virtue. If you're still waiting for your dog to ask for Snausages by name, you're here in the Introduction. If you're looking to go to ninja school, head to the Basics! Looking to purchase some real-life weaponry counterparts? Uh, go to a black market dealer, but until then, check out the Weapons section. If you're stuck in the game, check out our Walkthrough. If you adore Secrets, they adore you, so propose to them in our Secrets section! HI-YA! If you're as sneaky as Solid Snake on sedatives, then you're reading this guide... or you're Martha Stewart. Before she was caught, not after.
This wiki was automatically converted from the Tenchu: Return From Darkness Guide (Xbox) guide at http://guides.ign.com/guides/571730/ and may require cleanup. Please help improve this wiki if you can, and remove this notice if appropriate.
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Tech Helproom
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
Belkin wifi adapter won't install driver,it is asking for notebook card
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Posted July 13, 2012 at 3:21PM
Hello,today my Belkin 7050 wifi adapter arrived.I went through the install procedure from the cd,and when asked to plug in the adapter,I got the message asking for a notebook card,which I haven't got.It then told me that the drivers aren't installed.
The device isn't showing in device manager.I called Belkin support but all the could suggest was that the device was to try it in another computer.I am unable to do this because the communal computer needs administrator rights to install programs etc.I am currently on that pc now to send this.
I will have to top up my"3" dongle again to read replies.Please can anyone help?I am currently on limited funds and cannot affored to keep topping up my dongle
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Posted July 14, 2012 at 4:43PM
Just a thought - on looking at your installation instructions it says that you will get a message similar to this one (this is illegible) and it tells you to ignore it and click on next to install anyway - did you do this?
Just come across this post by someone who solved it ..
Unplug Belkin wireless USB adapter Uninstall Belkin software in Control Panel > Uninstall a Program Delete a file in your system32 folder called netr70.sys full path: C:\Windows\system32\DRIVERS\netr70.sys Are you sure your Belkin softward is uninstalled? If not, repeat step 2.
Go here- Belkin : Support : F5D7050 Wireless G USB Network Adapter - Drivers Download the file that matches the FCC number on the back of your device. Instructions are on that site.
Plug in device when it asks.
If it still doesn't work you may have to:
Go to the device manager under Network Adapters right click on your Belkin Wireless Device (if it isn't showing here then you have a worse problem) and click Update Driver
Select "Install from a specific location on my computer" Browse to "C:\windows\system32\" hit ok, - Check "subfolders"
Click next,
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Posted July 14, 2012 at 4:45PM
Going back to a reply I gave in your other post about another dongle you bought, try removing the Belkin drivers again. Run Ccleaner's reg. cleaner and reboot.
Once up and all your startup programs are running, just connect the Belkin adapter to your USB port. The wizard should say that it has found new hardware. If you get a wizard up let it run. Make sure Automatic Wireless Network Configuration is enabled. Then let XP take over. Useful link.
I had problems with an Netgear adapter that would not work with XP with the supplied drivers. Removing them and letting XP take over worked.
With 'moblile' dongles are you sure you don't need to install something to allow wireless access? I'm surprised if you don't but, as I've said before, I have never used them.
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Posted July 14, 2012 at 4:47PM
On the same blog I found another post by someone who almost did the same but used a slightly different way with a "driver only" download
DO NOT USE THE COMBINED DRIVER APP OFF THE BELKIN SITE - USE THE BELKIN 'DRIVER ONLY' VERSION BELOW This worked when all else failed!
1) Remove and previous installations by running old installer, which will uninstall if currently installed, or removing via Control panel 2) Download the driver only .exe package from: Belkin : Support F5D7050 Wireless G USB Adapter - Driver Only Packages 3) Remove wifi adapter from usb port and Reboot computer 4) Once back in Windows 7, plug in adapter - installation should fail 5) Go into device manager and find adapter - should come up as something like 'USB 2.0 Adapter' with a yellow exclamation mark 6) Right click and go to Update drivers 7) Choose to Browse manually and point it at the installation directory (default is c:\Belkin\F5D7050v4 I think) 8) Once installed, should change network systray icon to orange 'Networks available' icon 9) Double click, select your router/access point and enter your wep/wpa etc key 10) Voila - reconnected!
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Posted July 15, 2012 at 4:56PM
Just so you know,I have also emailed Belkin to find out if that base unit for the adapter is essential when using a desktop.
I hope to have a reply by tomorrow and will let you know what they say.
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Posted July 16, 2012 at 12:34PM
Difarn;I have just got this email from Pure Products who are the sellers of the adapter "Dear Customer,
The newest version of adapter doesn't go with the desk stand. However, we still have some desk stands from the previous model, so we have sent one completely free of charge, and it should arrive with you shortly.
Please be advised that Belkin have a very good technical help team, their number is: 0845 607 7787.
Kind regards, Jay
Customer services manager Pure Products"
How's that for service?I will let you know when the desk stand arrives,thank you for your patience.The email from Belkin just said to install the adapter then load drivers.
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Posted July 20, 2012 at 4:39PM
Final update;The desk adapter arrived today,but still the same problem of the install asking for a Notebook card.
I'm going to return everything to the seller and get a refund because it seems that the adapter isn't going to work in my pc.
Many thanks difarn and the others for your help and patience.Could you please recommend a make and model of adapter that will be more suitable please?I'm on XP Pro(SP3) and our wifi is "g" as opposed to"n".
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Posted July 20, 2012 at 5:48PM
I had a feeling that this may be the case.
Have I understood that your wifi adapter is g and the router is n - not the other way round. If this is the case then it is possible that the router can be changed so that it runs in mixed mode and you should get a connection (if the router has this function). Can you also check the channel the router is set on - 11 seems to be the optimal wifi channel. Also has the router been updated.
If you really want to purchase another adapter I have one of these which is mixed mode b/g/n and works very well - it also installed quickly.
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Posted July 20, 2012 at 6:58PM
Tried to post previously but that damned tinned meat wouldn't let me. So have a look enter link description here
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Blog | degrassi predictions
The TeenNick Staff Predicts What Will Happen This Fall On Degrassi!
Posted on 10/01/2013 by Rachel1016
Over the past week, we've collected all of your expert thoughts via Twitter on this upcoming season of Degrassi. You've predicted (with expertise and precision, we might add) all of the unlikely friendships, surprise hookups, and potential freakouts that could be in store this fall! And although you guys are by far most qualified to make such projections, we decided to take a stab at our own Degrassi fall predictions. Yep, we're pretty proud of them :)
He may have taken a back seat during all of the summer drama, but Winston is going to make an unforgettable entrance on his first day back at Degrassi.
This year, Clare is the Vice President of the school, and with positions of power come certain stipulations. Walking to class has simply become too pedestrian! (Pun absolutely intended.)3. MILES ASKS CLARISSA TO EXPLAIN IT ALL
After being dumped by both Maya and Zoe, Miles will travel back in time to ask Clarissa for advice on his love life. Her wisdom of the '90s and straight talking will be exactly what he needs.
4. BECKY BAKER GETS A RACY NEW 'DOShe's ready to shed her good girl image and chop off those blonde locks. Thankfully, this is as far as it will go.
5. DALLAS GOES ON A STUDY DATE WITH DORAHe said he needed a little extra tutoring in Spanish. She said, "Come on! V�monos!"
So, what do you think? These predictions are pretty spot-on, right? Okay, maybe we let our imaginations run a little too wild, but that doesn't mean we won't be following our favorite Degrassians' every move this Thursday at 9PM ET! Right here on TeenNick is the place to be. And don't forget, we'll be marathoning the summer chapter all week so you can catch up before the premiere!Degrassi Summer Chapter Encore + We Want Your Fall Predictions!
Posted on 09/23/2013 by Rachel1016
While you're watching the encore, we want to hear all your predictions for the Fall Chapter! Will any of the characters strike up an unlikely friendship? What about a surprise hookup? A fall freakout? New school Queen Bee? Will feuds finally be put to rest? You are the experts, and we're looking to YOU to tell us what you think will happen in the Fall Chapter. Make sure to tweet us @TeenNick or @Degrassinsider using #Degrassi before Oct 3rd. We'll be reading them all week and who knows, there's a chance YOUR predictions could appear on air!
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SYDNEY: Former Australian Test cricketer Geoff Lawson will replace Bob Woolmer as Pakistan coach, the one-time fast bowler said on Monday.
Lawson said he received a call from the Pakistan Cricket Board on Sunday confirming his appointment as successor to Woolmer.
Lawson, 49, took 180 wickets in 46 Tests for Australia between 1980-1989.
He has never coached before at international level, but beat fellow Australians Dav Whatmore and Richard Done to the post. "It's a challenge," said Lawson. "I think it's a wonderful challenge to have because it's such a talented squad they have over there.
"They're coming off a poor World Cup and controversially being beaten by Ireland, and all the things that accompany that, but when you look at the class of players they have you've just got to be excited about being involved with them."
Lawson's appointment follows that of Trevor Bayliss as the coach of Sri Lanka. — AP


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COLUMBIA — Despite an early week cold snap, Columbia is still on track to have the warmest year on record according to the National Weather Service.
With high temperatures in the spring and summer, Columbia has had a higher-than-normal average temperature in 2012. Barring extreme cold weather conditions, 2012 will be the warmest year since record-keeping began in 1890.
"It would take temperatures of nearly 20 F to 30 F below average for this time of year for the record to not be broken," Jayson Gossblin, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service said.
The average temperature for the year has hovered around 61.1 F, and while this is only .9 F above the last record average of 60.2 F — set in 1938 — that variance is significant.
"While .9 F doesn't sound like a lot, it is a huge deficit when you consider that these measurements are spread over the course of a whole year," Gossblin said.
Spring 2012 was the warmest on record and summer was the sixth warmest on record. March broke weather records as well: it was the warmest since 1946, with temperatures averaging 59.7 F throughout the month.
Columbia's high-average temperature is reflective of a nationwide trend.
"The U.S. has had the warmest year on record," Gossblin said. "A lot of cities and states are going to see records broken or nearly broken."
This week's forecast calls for temperatures to reach the mid- to high-50s, peaking at 58 F on Friday.
Supervising editor is Karen Miller.


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Does anyone know anything about these heads? 16485906
Looking to buy these heads but googled them and found out the intake ports are different. Here's more info..
Specs: 190cc Intake Runners, 64cc Chambers, 1 piece stainless valves; 2.02 Intake valves, 1.60 exhaust valves. Flow about 260/180 CFM. The valve springs have a max lift of .600, open pressure is 325 lbs, closed pressure is 130 lbs. Straight Plug. 3/8 studs, 5/16 guideplates. Standard accessory bolt holes. Accepts center bolt valve covers and perimeter bolt valve covers. Accepts vortec intake manifold and Standard small block chevy intake manifold. they were machined to fit the larger valve springs. They were also machined by the pushrod area so you can run a higher lift cam without worry of your pushrods rubbing the heads. I think about .550 lift. these heads have been machined to fit a standard intake and valve covers. These studs are screw in type. These are GM castings that have been ported and polished. The casting number is 16485906. Thanks.
Sponsored Links | |||
Thanks CJ. Just wanted to know before I spent the money.
On anothe forum some guy said the ports are bigger than the regular vortec heads. Will these work ok with a Summit SUM-226018 intake? |
Thought that's what forums were for. This question was actually different from the first one. I decided to go with a made for vortec manifold because of some help I got here. I did find some helpful people on this forum. I'm sorry I don't know alot about SBCs' like you guys do. I've been a Mopar guy all my life. Working on this car for my wife. Maybe I'll just stick to mopars. So do you guys just sit around waiting for somebody to post so you can make sarcastic remarks?
The Following User Says Thank You to stealthy1991 For This Useful Post: | ||
0trbo4myCHEVUICK (04-19-2014) |
Not all...just one. |
The Following User Says Thank You to cucumber1949 For This Useful Post: | ||
0trbo4myCHEVUICK (04-19-2014) |
Thanks guys, I'm thinking I'll go with the with the slightly modified version Vortec with screw in studs instead of buying some high performance head aftermaket. I have a late 80s 4 bolt main block and want to get about 375 horse out of it but need a formula to do it. Putting it in a 73 Corvette with a 4speed and 3:73 gears. Would like to go roller cam but this block is originally flat tappet. I want to go with the Summit SUM-226018 intake because of hood clearanc problems I've been hearin about. It is about .400 lower than the Edelbrock performer. I think I can get away with it if I put an early C3 big block drop base air cleaner on it with a 2"x14" air filter.
The SUM-226018 intake is like an Edelbrock Vortec Performer intake. The Summit intake says good to 6000 RPM, I think the Edelbrock says 5500 RPM but don't quote me on that. In any event, it will work just dandy w/the 906's. It will get you the HP you want, but an RPM Vortec intake would be a better choice if it would fit under your 'Vette hood. |
Thanks Cobalt, I wish I could go with the edelbrock because everything I've head is that it is the best one for the job. I may even be pushing it with the Summit intake as far as hood clearance goes. I was thinking of going with a mercruiser marine cast iron Vortec intake but I think the performance would suffer even more.
POST ON DROP BASE: What is the best way to get air flow to the carberutor? Ecklers for a drop-base L-88 base- HERE. I wouldn't use the cast iron Q-jet intake. It's heavy, would cost as much or more than the aluminum intake and nothing to be gained flow-wise, either. |
"Thought that's what forums were for. This question was actually different from the first one. I decided to go with a made for vortec manifold because of some help I got here. I did find some helpful people on this forum. I'm sorry I don't know alot about SBCs' like you guys do. I've been a Mopar guy all my life. Working on this car for my wife. Maybe I'll just stick to mopars. So do you guys just sit around waiting for somebody to post so you can make sarcastic remarks?"
Sure buddy, that's what forums are for. But why ask the question if you ain't going to believe the answers you get? Like it was pointed out by another guy, you got the same answers in two seperate things threads you asked the same thing in. |
I just want to be sure I'm buying the right parts the first time. I don't have a big budget. Also don't want to put the engine together and find out I don't have the right combo.
Ahhhh, but stealthy, that is part of the joy of rodding. Nobody knows for sure which combo is best. What might be garbage to you is treassure to me and vice-versa. 906 Vortec heads have been around for almost 20 years now and written up millions of times. You can't go wrong with them. Trust your instincts, my man.
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Don Altobello
Osvaldo Altobello | |
Eli Wallach portraying Don Altobello
First appearance | The Godfather Part III |
Last appearance | The Godfather's Revenge |
Created by | Mario Puzo |
Portrayed by | Eli Wallach |
Information | |
Nickname(s) | Ozzie |
Gender | Male |
Occupation | Mobster |
Title | Boss Consigliere Capo |
Family | Tattaglia |
Spouse(s) | Unnamed wife |
Children | Various daughters |
Relatives | One nephew known |
Osvaldo "Ozzie" Altobello is a fictional character and the primary antagonist of the film The Godfather Part III. In the film, he is portrayed by Eli Wallach.[1][2]
The Godfather Part III[edit]
He is an aging gangster and longstanding ally of the Corleone crime family. He was the consigliere of Rico Tattaglia from 1955 to 1961, and becomes the don of the Tattaglia crime family in 1962. By the time of Godfather III, he has become a close friend and ally of Michael Corleone. Altobello even donates one million dollars so he could be a part of the Vito Corleone Foundation. Aside from being an associate of Michael's, Altobello is also Connie Corleone's godfather.
The film plot implies that Altobello wants in on Michael's investments as he tries to complete his family's move from crime-based profits to legitimate business. Altobello skillfully hides his nefarious intentions for the most part. However, Michael becomes suspicious of his motives after Joey Zasa, a Corleone Family rival, orchestrates an assassination attempt on Michael and other family heads assembled for a Commission meeting in Atlantic City. Altobello leaves the conference room before the attack. Michael escapes without any injury, but many of the others in the room are killed. Michael then instructs his nephew Vincent Corleone to go to Altobello and pledge his allegiance to him, without promising to betray Michael.
While in Sicily, Altobello enlists the services of an assassin, Mosca, who conspires to kill Michael at the Teatro Massimo opera house when his son Anthony is set to debut in Cavalleria Rusticana. Before the performance, Connie presents him with a box of cannoli as a birthday gift. He suspects the cannoli may be poisoned and offers Connie the first bite. Connie takes a small bite of the cannoli, reassuring him. He finishes eating the poisoned cannoli and dies in his seat as Connie watches through her opera glasses.
Sequel novels[edit]
Altobello is a supporting character in the novels The Godfather Returns and The Godfather's Revenge, set before the events of The Godfather Part III.
- ^ "The Godfather Trilogy - Part 3". filmsite.org. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
- ^ "The Godfather, Part III (1990)". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2014-06-24.
This article about a film character is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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The Secret Life of The American Teenager Season 4 Episode 14 News
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ABC Family's "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" returns Monday (March 26) with a newly engaged Amy (Shailene Woodley) and Ricky (Daren Kagasoff), but is there also another baby on the way for the couple? May More »
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