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Commencement 2013: Underwater volcano study takes URI oceanography student from seafloor to space
Media Contact:
Todd McLeish
, 401-874-7892
North Reading, Mass. native to graduate May 18, begin NASA internship
NARRAGANSETT, R.I. – May 13, 2013 – Joshua Kelly unexpectedly found himself on a ship in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea on his very first week as a student at the University of Rhode Island's Graduate School of Oceanography.
"Talk about being thrown into the fire," said the native of North Reading, Mass. "But it was a blast!"
As Kelly prepares to graduate on May 18 with a master's degree in geological oceanography, he is looking back nostalgically on that first expedition aboard the E/V Nautilus, a research ship that broadcasts its scientific expeditions live over the Internet 24/7.
"I was on watch when we discovered a sunken World War II airplane, and my Dad was watching on the Internet from home and he recognized the plane," Kelly said with amazement. "I was on board to discover it, and my dad was there remotely to identify it. It was a once in a lifetime experience."
The purpose of Kelly's time aboard the ship was to study Foerstner volcano, an underwater volcano off the coast of Italy that erupted in 1891 and produced what he called "floating lava balloons," lava rocks that floated to the surface and have only been observed five times in human history.
"The characteristics of the magma and the eruption itself were very peculiar," explained Kelly, who earned his bachelor's degree in geosciences from URI in 2011. "It was a very shallow water eruption that allowed for conditions that favored the production of extremely low density eruptive products."
Honored as the Robert D. Ballard Graduate Fellow for his work aboard the Nautilus, Kelly's aim was to collect samples of these rocks and study them so he could create a model of how and why these lava balloons are formed. Working in collaboration with URI Professor Steven Carey, a volcanologist, Kelly spent his days aboard ship helping to map the volcano, determine what lava samples to collect, and recording any notable geological, biological or archaeological observations made by the remotely-operated vehicles (ROV) exploring the site.
Back at Carey's lab on the URI Narragansett Bay Campus, Kelly conducted detailed analyses of the rock samples and created a high-resolution geologic map of the volcano.
"We are the first research team to utilize ROVs to directly observe and sample one of these lava balloon-producing volcanoes," Kelly said. "It's very difficult to study volcanoes in the submarine environment, but we had the right equipment aboard to be able to do it."
In addition to his research, Kelly spent time at the Graduate School of Oceanography as an outreach scientist in the URI Office of Marine Programs, where he led educational field trips and classroom programs on a variety of marine and environmental topics for K-12 students.
Just weeks after graduation this month, Kelly will begin an internship with the National Aeronautic and Space Administration studying rafts of pumice rocks floating in the Pacific Ocean.
"There are massive floating islands of pumice drifting across the ocean, and the Navy wants to know their locations and trajectories because they pose a significant threat to their fleet," Kelly said. "I'm going to keep track of these pumice rafts using satellites."
He hopes the internship will lead to a permanent job as a research geologist with NASA or another government agency.
"I thoroughly enjoyed my volcanology studies at URI, but I think remote sensing is much more applicable to issues facing society, so I'm going to see if I like it and perhaps pursue that as a career," he said.
Photo submitted by Joshua Kelly


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You're looking for high service scale but also lower power consumption in a highly affordable 1-rack-unit (1RU) switch router optimized for small aggregation and remote point-of-presence (POP) applications. And you've found it in the Cisco® ME 3800X Series Carrier Ethernet Switch Router. This converged, full-featured aggregation platform is purpose built for mobile, business, and residential markets. The Cisco ME 3800X Series is part of the Cisco Carrier Ethernet aggregation portfolio and complements the Cisco 7600 Series Routers and Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers with a rich and scalable feature set of Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services in a compact package.
The Cisco ME 3800X Series (Figure 1) is a small footprint fixed-form-factor platform that comes in the following configuration:
● Cisco ME 3800X-24FS-M with 24 Gigabit Ethernet SFP ports and two 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ ports
Key Applications
Broadband Aggregation
The Cisco ME 3800X Series supports broadband aggregation for delivering "any-play" services (voice, video, data, and mobility). Designed to support thousands of subscribers with a high level of quality of service (QoS), the Cisco ME 3800X Series is capable of scaling to 32,000 queues per device. This high degree of scalability combined with a more granular QoS algorithm (three-level hierarchical QoS) results in a greatly enhanced broadband user experience. This feature-rich Layer 2 and Layer 3 switch router supports a variety of broadband applications including IPTV and video on demand (VoD), enhancing and extending the Cisco Evolved Programmable Network architecture.
Pre-Aggregation for Mobile Applications
Deployed as a pre-aggregation platform for mobile backhaul, the Cisco ME 3800X Series can aggregate Cisco MWR 2941-DC Mobile Wireless Routers and use Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) as a transport for Radio Access Network (RAN) backhaul traffic. It offers timing services, allowing for mobile clocking synchronization from the core of the network to the RAN. The Cisco ME 3800X Series can receive clocking information into its Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) interface. It supports synchronous Ethernet (SynchE) with Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel (ESMC) to allow best clock source traceability.
Metro Ethernet Aggregation
The Cisco ME 3800X Series is built to meet service provider requirements for Metro Ethernet aggregation. It is optimized for remote central office (CO) and smaller aggregation sites where a fully featured, small-footprint aggregation platform is needed. The Cisco ME 3800X Series offers service flexibility and delivers Layer 2, IP, and MPLS transport for advanced Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN and multicast services.
Key Differentiators
Cisco Carrier Ethernet ASIC
Powered by Cisco's Carrier Ethernet ASIC, designed specifically for the needs of service providers, the Cisco ME 3800X Series delivers essential Carrier Ethernet technologies including: Hierarchical QoS (H-QoS), MPLS, and Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS). The ASIC provides line-rate performance and supports advanced services including access control list (ACL) and H-QoS without impacting performance. It incorporates innovative traffic management capabilities while providing intelligent packet switching and routing operations.
Service Richness
With the Cisco ME 3800X Series, each service is assigned enhanced QoS and security attributes. The Cisco ME 3800X Series accomplishes advanced per-traffic-class metering and offers bidirectional packets and bytes statistics. The service offering is enhanced with rich operations, administration, and management (OAM) functionality including: Layer 2 Connectivity Fault Management (CFM), IP SLA for Layer 3, and MPLS OAM.
Service Scale
The Cisco ME 3800X Series delivers unmatched service scalability in a 1RU footprint. With support for 256,000 MAC addresses and 8000 bridge domains, this switch router delivers high performance and high scale for point-to-point and multipoint VPN services. A total buffer size of 352 MB is available to provide per-service advanced QoS capabilities. Such an amount of buffer is required when stringent applications like financial services or video must be protected against the impact of a 10 Gbps to 1 Gbps speed mismatch. The quantity of statistical counters allows the Cisco ME 3800X Series to provide a high level of service metering and monitoring throughout its range of scale.
High-Performance Hardware
The Cisco ME 3800X Series provides two slots for hot-swappable and redundant power supply. Three fans are integrated into each power supply, providing fan redundancy. High availability is also achieved on the Cisco ME 3800X Series through proactive diagnostic tools including Generic On-Line Diagnostics (GOLD) and Onboard Failure Logging (OBFL). These tools help service providers avoid potential problems before they occur - and troubleshoot and diagnose once identified.
Table 1 lists the hardware parts available for Cisco ME 3800X Series.
Table 1. Hardware Components for Cisco ME 3800X Series
Part Number |
Description |
Cisco ME 3800X-24FS Ethernet Carrier Ethernet Switch Router |
Spare Cisco ME 3800X-24FS Ethernet Carrier Ethernet Switch Router |
Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series field- replaceable AC power supply and fan module |
Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series field- replaceable DC power supply and fan module |
Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series spare field-replaceable AC power supply and fan module |
Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series spare field-replaceable DC power supply and fan module |
Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series spare fan tray. The fan tray is required in the second slot when only one power supply is in the system. |
ETSI Rack mount Option for the Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series |
23" Rack mount Option for Cisco ME 3600X//ME 3800X Series |
Angled Rack mount for Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series |
Spare ETSI Rack mount Option for the Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series |
Spare 23" Rack mount Option for Cisco ME 3600X//ME 3800X Series |
Spare Angled Rack mount for Cisco ME 3600X/ME 3800X Series |
Spare 19" Rack mount Option for Cisco ME 3600X//ME 3800X Series |
Cisco ME 3600X and ME3800X SD Memory Card 2GB |
Cisco ME 3600X and ME3800X SD Memory Card 2GB Spare |
Cisco ME 3600X and ME3800X SD Memory Card 4GB |
Cisco ME 3600X and ME3800X SD Memory Card 4GB Spare |
The Cisco ME 3800X Series supports a wide range of small form factor pluggable (SFP) and SPF+ optic modules. Table 2 lists their part numbers.
Table 2. SFP and SFP+ Modules Supported with Cisco ME 3800X Series
Part Number |
SFP-10G-SR, SFP-10G-LR, SFP-10G-ER, SFP-10G-ZR, SFP-10G-LRM, SFP-H10GB-CUxM, SFP-10G-BXD-I, SFP-10G-BXU-I, SFP-10G-BX40D-I, SFP-10G-BX40U-I, DWDM-SFP10G-61.41, DWDM-SFP10G-60.61, DWDM-SFP10G-59.79, DWDM-SFP10G-58.98, DWDM-SFP10G-58.17, DWDM-SFP10G-57.36, DWDM-SFP10G-56.55, DWDM-SFP10G-55.75, DWDM-SFP10G-54.94, DWDM-SFP10G-54.13, DWDM-SFP10G-53.33, DWDM-SFP10G-52.52, DWDM-SFP10G-51.72, DWDM-SFP10G-50.92, DWDM-SFP10G-50.12, DWDM-SFP10G-49.32, DWDM-SFP10G-48.51, DWDM-SFP10G-47.72, DWDM-SFP10G-46.92, DWDM-SFP10G-46.12, DWDM-SFP10G-45.32, DWDM-SFP10G-44.53, DWDM-SFP10G-43.73, DWDM-SFP10G-42.94, DWDM-SFP10G-42.14, DWDM-SFP10G-41.35, DWDM-SFP10G-40.56, DWDM-SFP10G-39.77, DWDM-SFP10G-38.98, DWDM-SFP10G-38.19, DWDM-SFP10G-37.40, DWDM-SFP10G-36.61, DWDM-SFP10G-35.82, DWDM-SFP10G-35.04, DWDM-SFP10G-34.25, DWDM-SFP10G-33.47, DWDM-SFP10G-32.68, DWDM-SFP10G-31.90, DWDM-SFP10G-31.12, DWDM-SFP10G-30.33 |
Flexible Software Options
The Cisco ME 3800X Series supports the Cisco IOS® Software Activation feature. With this feature Cisco IOS Software feature sets can be activated by Cisco software licenses, allowing a "pay as services grow" model. This model lets service providers invest in software resources only when their business needs it. The Cisco ME3800X Series offers four different Cisco IOS Software licenses:
● The Metro Ethernet Services license offers advanced QoS, Carrier Ethernet Layer 2 features, and Ethernet OAM capability.
● The Metro IP Services license offers advanced QoS, Carrier Ethernet Layer 2 features, Ethernet OAM, Layer 3 features for advanced IP routing protocols, multi-VPN routing, and Forwarding Customer Edge (multi-VRF CE) capabilities.
● The Metro Aggregation Services license adds the following capabilities to the METRO IP ACCESS image: MPLS, EoMPLS pseudowires, VPLS, MPLS traffic engineering, Fast Reroute, and MPLS VPN support.
● The Services Scalability license allows full scalability for Layer 2, IP routing, MPLS resources, and the use of Switch Management Database (SDM) templates.
Table 3 lists the key feature in the Cisco IOS licenses for the Cisco ME 3800X Series.
Table 3. Feature Set in Cisco ME 3800X Series Licenses
Metro Ethernet Services |
Metro IP Services |
Metro Aggregation Services |
Layer 2: 802.1d, 802.1q |
All features in METROETHSERVICES plus: |
All features in: METROAGGRSERVICES plus: |
Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) |
IP routing (RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP) |
Ethernet OAM (802.1ag, 802.3ah, E-LMI, 1731 PM) |
PIM (SM, DM, SSM), SSM mapping |
MPLS traffic engineering (TE) and Fast Reroute (FRR) |
MST, REP, Flexlink, G.8032 |
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) |
Synchronous Ethernet, Ethernet Synchronization messaging Channel (ESMC) Synchronization Status Messages (SSM) |
Multi-VRF CE (VRF lite) with service awareness (ARP, ping, SNMP, syslog, traceroute, FTP, TFTP) |
Multicast VPN (MVPN) |
Ethernet over MPLS (EoMPLS) |
Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS), Hierarchical VPLS (H-VPLS) |
Pseudowire redundancy |
Switch Database Management (SDM) templates (with the Scalability license only) |
Table 4 provides brief descriptions of the Cisco ME 3800X Series software options.
Table 4. Cisco ME 3800X Series Software Options
Part Number |
Product Name |
License Options |
Cisco ME3800X METRO ETHERNET SERVICES Software Paper License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO IP SERVICES Software Paper License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO AGGREGATION SERVICES Software Paper License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series SCALED Software Paper License |
Product Activation Keys |
Product activation keys for ME3800X Series (Paper Delivery) |
Product activation keys for ME3800X Series (E-Delivery) |
License Upgrade Options |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO IP2 AGGREGATION SERVICES Software Paper License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO IP SERVICES Software E License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO AGGREGATION SERVICES Software E License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series METRO IP2 AGGREGATION SERVICES Software E License |
Cisco ME 3800X Series SCALED Software E License |
Software Options |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL TAR - Release 15.3(3)S |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL W/O CRYPTO TAR - Release 15.3(3)S |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL TAR - Release 15.4(3)S |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL W/O CRYPTO TAR - Release 15.4(3)S |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL TAR - Release 15.5(1)S |
Cisco ME 380X SERIES IOS UNIVERSAL W/O CRYPTO TAR - Release 15.5(1)S |
Key Features
Table 5 lists the features of the Cisco ME 3800X Series.
Table 5. Features
Features |
Ethernet Services |
● Ethernet Virtual Connections (EVCs) for:
◦ QinQ
◦ Selective QinQ
◦ Inner and Outer VLAN classification
◦ EVC Push and Pop rewrite
◦ EVC local connect
● IEEE bridging
● Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling (L2PT)
● Hierarchical VPLS (H-VPLS), Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), VPLS Border Gateway Protocol [BGP] signaling
● Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS), Ethernet over MPLS (EoMPLS), pseudowire redundancy
● VPLS over remote Loop Free Alternate (LFA)
● Ethernet Data Plane loopback (Terminal and Facility)
● IEEE 802.1ad Provider Bridge
● IEEE 8021.ad on EFP xconnect
Layer 3 Services |
● Layer 3 Routing
● IPv4 Routing (Border Gateway Protocol [BGP], Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System [IS-IS], and Open Shortest Path First [OSPF]), Hot Standby Router Protocol version 1 and 2 (HSRPv1, HSRPv2), Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
● IPv6 Unicast Routing (Border Gateway Protocol [BGP], Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System [IS-IS], and Open Shortest Path First [OSPF])
● OSPF for IPv6 (OSPFv3)
● IPv6 Provider Edge (6PE)
● IPv6 VPN over MPLS (6VPE)
● IPv6 HSRP
● VRRPv3
● Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), Targeted LDP (T-LDP), Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Differentiated Services (DiffServ)-aware traffic engineering, MPLS L3VPN
● MPLS traffic engineering (including TE-FRR)
● Carrier Supporting Carrier (CsC) with BGP as CE-PE routing protocol
● BGP with label distribution (RFC3107)
● Routed Pseudowire
● Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB)
● Policy Based Routing (PBR)
● Auto-IP
● IPSLA TWAMP responder v1.0 and compliant to RFC5357
QoS |
● Up to 32,000 egress queues per system
● Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ)
● Priority Queuing
● 2-rate 3-color (2R3C) ingress Policing, Egress Policing (1R2C) for LLQ
● Ingress and Egress marking (CoS, DSCP, MPLS Experimental Bits)
● Egress shaping per port and per queue
● Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
● 3-level H-QoS
● Classification based on inner and outer class of service (CoS) or VLAN ID
● Copy inner to outer CoS
● IPV6 QoS
● Table Map
● QoS on Etherchannels
● QoS support with EVC push
● QoS IPv4 and IPv6 ACL
Multicast |
● IPv4 Multicast
● Protocol Independent Multicast sparse mode (PIM-SM), PIM Source Specific Multicast (PIM SSM), PIM SSM mapping
● Internet Group Management Protocol Versions 1, 2, and 3 (IGMPv1, v2, and v3)
● IGMPv1, v2, and v3 snooping on switchport, EVC interfaces and Pseudowires
● PIM Snooping
● IPv4 multicast per VRF lite
● Multicast VPN (MVPN)
Security |
● Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA); TACACS+; Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol; MAC limiting per Ethernet flow point (EFP) or bridge domain; unicast, multicast, and broadcast storm control blocking on any interface or port
● Layer 2 ACLs
● Layer 3 ACLs for IPv4 and IPv6
● ACL on switchport, EVC and routed interfaces
● Control Plane Policing
● DHCP snooping with option 82
● Dynamic Arp Inspection (DAI)
● 802.1x Authenticator
Availability |
● Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
● REP Access gateway Enhancements
● ITU-T G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
● IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
● IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MST)
● Per-VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree (PVRST+)
● Flexlink
● MPLS TE Fast Reroute
● BFD triggered Fast Reroute
● BFD multi-hop
● BFD for Static,ISIS, OSPF, BGP
● BFD over Switched Virtual Interface (SVI)
● 802.3ad Link Aggregation Bundles
● MPLS IGP-LDP Synchronization
● LACP 1-1 redundancy with Fast Switchover
● EoMPLS Link Path Through
● Multi-chassis LACP (mLACP)
● CFM (802.1ag)
● Link OAM (802.3ah)
● E-LMI (CE and PE)
● 1731 Performance Monitoring (ETH-DM, ETH-SLM) with concurrent and on demand operations
Manageability |
● Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
● MIBs
● Cisco Active Network Abstraction (ANA) 3.7.1: physical and logical inventory, service-level views with support for the following technologies: OSPF, BGP, EtherChannel, routing, Link Aggregation Group (LAG), ACL, Cisco Discovery Protocol, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
● CiscoWorks Lan Management Solution (LMS) 3.2
● Embedded Event Manager (EEM 4.0)
● 60 days build-in evaluation licenses
● Switch Database Management (SDM)
● External SD Flash Cards support
● Autonomic Networking (AN)
Timing |
● ITU-T Synchronous Ethernet (syncE) with Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel (ESMC)
● Synchronization Status Messages (SSM)
Product Specifications
Tables 6 through 8 list product, power, and environmental specifications for the Cisco ME 3800X Series. Table 9 lists standards and protocols, and Table 10 gives safety and compliance information.
Table 6. Product Specifications
Description |
Cisco ME 3800X-24FS |
Performance |
Forwarding bandwidth full duplex: Cisco ME 3800X-24FS AC or DC: 44 Gbps Forwarding rate: Cisco ME 3800X-24FS AC or DC: 65 Mpps Configurable maximum transmission unit (MTU) of up to 9,800 bytes, for bridging on Gigabit and 10 Gigabit |
Memory |
DRAM: 1GB Flash: 64MB Packet buffer: 352MB External SD Flash: 2GB and 4GB SD Flash cards (optional) |
Connectors and cabling |
SFP ports:
● 10/100/1000BASE-T SFP-based ports: RJ-45 connectors, 4-pair Category 5 UTP cabling
● 100BASE-FX and -LX: Duplex LC receptacle fiber connectors (multimode and single-mode)
● 100BASE-BX: Single-fiber LC receptacle connector (single-mode fiber)
● 100BASE-EX: SFP module for 100 Mb port, 1310 nm wavelength, 40 km over single-mode fiber
● 100BASE-ZX: SFP module for 100 Mb port, 1550 nm wavelength, 80 km over single-mode fiber
● 1000BASE-BX: Single-fiber LC receptacle connector (single-mode fiber)
● 1000BASE-SX, -LX/LH, -EX and -ZX and CWDM and DWDM: Duplex LC receptacle fiber connectors (multimode and single-mode fiber)
SFP+ port:
● SFP+ port supports 1000BASE-X except 1000BASE-T
Management console port: RJ-45-to-DB9 cable for PC connections Management 10/100/1000 Ethernet: RJ-45 connector BITS and alarm ports: RJ-45 connector |
Indicators |
Per-port status LEDs: Link integrity, port disabled, and activity indications Power input/output status LED Alarm status LED SynchE status LED System status LED |
Dimensions |
All SKUs 1.72-in. x 17.50-in. x 20.33-in. (H x W x D) |
Weight |
ME-3800X-24FS-M 14.50 lb (6.57 kg) PWR-ME3KX-AC 2.90 lb (1.31 kg) PWR-ME3KX-DC 3.10 lb (1.40 kg) ME-FANTRAY 1.65 lb (0.74 kg) |
Mean time between failure (MTBF) |
ME3800X-24FS-M: 185,349 hours PWR-ME3KX-DC: 319,000 hours (48V input at 40ºC) PWR-ME3KX-AC: 328,000 hours (120V at 40ºC), 342,000 hours (230V at 40ºC) ME-FANTRAY: 2,177,000 hours (12V input at 40ºC) |
Table 7. Power Specifications
Description |
Cisco ME 3800X-24FS |
Power consumption |
Cisco ME 3800X-24FS-M, one AC and one FT: Cisco ME 3800X-24FS-M, two AC: Cisco ME 3800X-24FS-M, one DC and one FT: Cisco ME 3800X-24FS-M, two DC: |
AC input voltage and frequency |
100-240VAC, 50-60Hz |
DC input voltages |
18V to 32VDC, 36V to 72VDC |
Table 8. Environmental Specifications
Cisco ME 3800X Series Environment Specification (NEBS) |
Operating environment and altitude1 |
Normal operating temperature and altitudes: 0 to +50ºC, up to 1000 feet (300m) 0 to +45ºC, up to 6000 feet (1800m) 0 to +40ºC, up to 10,000 feet (3000m) Short-term2 exceptional conditions: 0 to +60ºC, up to 1000 feet (300m) 0 to +55ºC, up to 6000 feet (1800m) 0 to +50ºC, up to 10,000 feet (3000m) 0 to +45ºC, at sea level with single fan failure |
Relative humidity3 |
5% to 95%, non-condensing |
Acoustic noise4 |
LpA: 43 dB typical, 45 dB maximum LwA: 5.4 Bel typical, 5.6 Bel maximum |
Storage environment |
Temperature: -25 to +70ºC altitude: 15,000 ft |
Table 9. Standards and Protocols
Standards and Protocols |
● IEEE 802.1s
● IEEE 802.1w
● IEEE 802.3ad
● IEEE 802.3ah
● IEEE 802.1ag
● IEEE 802.3x full duplex on 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T ports
● IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol
● IEEE 802.1p CoS classification
● IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-T
● IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T
● IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-X
● BFD for OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, HSRP, EIGRP
● IP routing: Static, RIP versions 1 and 2, EIGRP, OSPF, BGPv4, PIM-SM, and PIM-DM (metro IP access only)
● Management: SNMP versions 1, 2, and 3
● MEF 9 & 14 certified
● MEF CE 2.0 certified (E-LINE, E-LAN, E-TREE)
Table 10. Safety and Compliance
Type |
Standards |
Electromagnetic |
FCC Part 15 Class |
Emissions Compliance |
● EN 55022 Class A (CISPR22 Class A)
● VCCI Class A
● AS/NZS 3548 Class A or AS/NZS CISPR22 Class A
● CE Marking
Safety |
● UL to CAN/CSA 22.2 No.60950-1
● TUV/GS to EN 60950-1 with all Amendments
● CB to IEC 60950-1 with all country deviations
● NOM to NOM-019-SCFI (through distributors)
● CE Marking
GR-63-CORE, GR-1089-CORE - Level 3, Type 2 Verizon's FOC Certification on optical SFPs |
EN 300 019 - Storage: Class 1.2, Transportation: Class 2.3, In-Use: Class 3.2 |
Service and Support
Cisco offers a wide range of services programs to accelerate customer success. These innovative services programs are delivered through a unique combination of people, processes, tools, and partners, promoting high levels of customer satisfaction. Cisco services help you protect your network investment, optimize network operations, and prepare your network for new applications to extend network intelligence and the power of your business. For more information about Cisco services, refer to Cisco Technical Support Services or Cisco Advanced Services.
Cisco is committed to reducing your total cost of ownership. Cisco offers a portfolio of technical support services to help ensure that Cisco products operate efficiently, remain highly available, and benefit from the most up-to-date system software. The services and support programs described in Table 11 are available as part of the Cisco Carrier Ethernet Switching Service and Support solution and are available directly from Cisco and through resellers.
Table 11. Service and Support
Advanced Services |
Features |
Benefits |
Cisco Total Implementation Solutions (TIS), available directly from Cisco Cisco Packaged TIS, available through resellers |
● Project management
● Site survey, configuration, and deployment
● Installation, text, and cutover
● Training
● Major moves, adds, and changes
● Design review and product staging
● Supplement existing staff
● Help ensure functions meet needs
● Mitigate risk
Cisco SP Base Support and Service Provider-Based Onsite Support, available directly from Cisco Cisco Packaged Service Provider-Based Support, available through resellers |
● 24-hour access to software updates
● Web access to technical repositories
● Telephone support through the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC)
● Advance Replacement of hardware parts
● Facilitate proactive or expedited problem resolution
● Lower total cost of ownership by taking advantage of Cisco expertise and knowledge
● Reduce network downtime
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Webcomic: Strife Strips
Strife Strips aka This Strife is a semi-defunct Sprite Comic by Peter "Maverick" Bridger. It mainly ran from 2000 to 2007, and still updates, every once in a blue moon that is. The comic focused on the wacky and sometimes epic adventures of Duke Nukem and his housemate, the Doom Marine. Many other characters from the The Nineties era of computer games would occasionally be featured, the most fleshed out being Commander Keen and Walter from Half-Life.The comic was made in Duke Nukem 3D's engine, Build.Flash animator Andrew Kepple (credited under his old alias, King Sluggy) was heavily involved with the site for some time, producing the site's most popular feature, Strife Toons, a Stillborn Serial which ran for four episodes: one regular, a two parter and a fan mail special. Kepple also drew a couple of spinoff comics called That Strife.The comic is pretty much dead at the moment, and the site was until 2010 mostly used for the occasional blog entry by Maverick.
This Sprite Comic contains examples of
- Batman Can Breathe in Space: Doom Marine can, but that is just because he is to stupid to notice the difference.
- Backup Twin: After The Doom Marine's assassination (see below), he is replaced by his brother, The Green Doom Marine, who "knows pretty much the same stuff [as his brother did]" and loves green.
- The Ditz: The Doom Marine.
- Dropped a Bridge on Him: The Doom Marine's assassination by Agent 47. It was done in response to complaints about him wearing red body armor and not green.
- Red Marine stills makes appearances after his death, in form of a ghost, constantly declaring that "Green Marine sucks!"
- Hilarious in Hindsight: The first episode of Strife Toons from 2006, wherein 3D Realms is destroyed and Duke Nukem is rendered powerless because it means that Duke Nukem Forever will never be released. It might, however, qualify as a "Funny Aneurysm" Moment for a Duke Nukem fan.
- Luke, I Am Your Father: Lame Duke to Duke Nukem.
- Schedule Slip: Got hit HARD. Probably harder than VG Cats
This page has not been indexed. Please choose a satisfying and delicious index page to put it on.


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Measures of Pain Relevant to Knee Osteoarthritis
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The aim is to improve understanding of the assessment of pain experience in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The current study will be divided into two parts. In Study 1, the investigators will analyse existing questionnaires relevant to the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of knee OA to establish discrete dimensions that discriminate between the different mechanisms of pain. On the basis of this analysis, the investigators will refine the questionnaires to maximise their sensitivity to knee OA. In Study 2, the investigators will seek to confirm the factor structure identified in the questionnaires in Study 1 and explore potential mediator and moderator variables between pain and quality of life using the refined measures. The investigators will also evaluate Quantitative Sensory Testing as a predictor of OA knee pain.
Condition | Intervention |
Osteoarthritis of the Knee |
Other: Questionnaires |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Observational Model: Case-Only Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional |
Official Title: | Evaluation of Questionnaire Measures for Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee |
- Questionnaire set assessing physical symptoms, cognitive and emotional factors, and quality of life in knee OA. [ Time Frame: Patients will be assessed after diagnosis of OA of the knee. There is no specific time point after diagnosis, because we are interested in a broad spectrum of patients with OA of the knee. All patients will be assessed at enrollment into the study. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Patients will be given a questionnaire set assessing pain (nociceptive and neuropathic), anxiety, depression, fatigue, illness belief, pain self-efficacy, coping, helplessness and quality of life, associated with OA of the knee. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire set will be reported, including results from Rasch Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and results from Factor Analysis.
- Quantitative Sensory Testing assessing pain and sensory thresholds for a noxious stimulus (Pain Pressure Thresholds) [ Time Frame: Patients will be assessed after diagnosis of OA of the knee. There is no specific time point after diagnosis, because we are interested in a broad spectrum of patients with OA of the knee. ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]Pain and sensory thresholds will be reported for the affected area (i.e., OA knee) and control areas (e.g., healthy contralateral knee).
Enrollment: | 448 |
Study Start Date: | December 2010 |
Study Completion Date: | September 2013 |
Primary Completion Date: | September 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Groups/Cohorts | Assigned Interventions |
Knee osteoarthritis
Patients will have osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee defined and scored radiologically in Study 1. Patients in Study 2 will also have OA of the knee, but a clinical diagnosis will suffice. All patients will report knee pain.
Other: Questionnaires
Patients will be given questionnaires relevant to their condition to complete. In Study 2 and a sub-study of Study 1, patients will be invited to take part in Quantitative Sensory Testing.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Sampling Method: | Non-Probability Sample |
We aim to recruit a cross section of participants covering a broad spectrum of people with OA of the knee. Community participants will be identified from a cohort of patients who have already agreed to be contacted about future research studies. Additional participants will be identified from clinics at Nottingham University Hospitals and Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, GP surgeries in the local area and patients on a knee OA pathway from Nottingham Healthcare partnership. These sources of recruitment will include those attended rheumatology and orthopaedic specialist clinics for knee OA and rheumatology outpatients at the Queens Medical Centre (QMC)
Inclusion Criteria:
- Participants in Study 1 will have OA of the knee defined and scored radiologically and will report knee pain. Participants in Study 2 will also have OA of the knee, but a clinical diagnosis will suffice.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inability to speak or understand English
- Under the age of 18 years old
- knee joint surgery within three months prior to participation
- Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Gout or any other inflammatory arthritis disorder
- The participants in Study 2 will also be excluded if they participated in Study 1
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01310257
United Kingdom | |
Nottingham Country Health Partnerships | |
Nottingham, United Kingdom | |
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust | |
Nottingham, United Kingdom | |
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Trust | |
Nottingham, United Kingdom |
Principal Investigator: | Bryan Moreton | University of Nottingham |
Additional Information:
No publications provided
Responsible Party: | University of Nottingham |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01310257 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 10052, 9227 |
Study First Received: | March 2, 2011 |
Last Updated: | January 16, 2014 |
Health Authority: | United Kingdom: Research Ethics Committee |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis, Knee Arthritis |
Joint Diseases Musculoskeletal Diseases Rheumatic Diseases |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on April 16, 2015


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Alternate Sundays, 5 pm - 7 pm |
Host:NATE MACKEY September 12, 2004 PLAYLIST Artist, Song, Album (Label, Date)
Farroukh, "The Pain in Spain Stays Mainly in the Brain," Drab Zeen (Le
Chant du Monde, 2002)
. Cecil
Taylor Ensemble, "Second Pleasure," Always A Pleasure (Free Music Production,
. Abdel
Hadi Belkhayat, "Ghanni Li El Leyla," Ebhath Anha (Al-Jazira, 1996)
6:00-7:00 João
Bosco, "Califado de Quimeras," As Mil e Uma Aldeias (Sony, 1998)
. Jerry
Gonzalez, "Obsesion," Jerry Gonzalez y Los Piratas del Flamenco (Sunnyside,
. Hugh
Ragin, "The Light at the End of the Underground Railroad," An Afternoon
in Harlem (Justin Time, 1999)
Return to the Tanganyika Strut Playlist Page KUSP - NPR for the Central Coast


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Home › Great for time outs!Easy to transport little dogs to the vet.
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AT&T U-verse TV customers in San Antonio no longer have to plan how or where they watch and record their favorite shows. AT&T Inc. announced today the launch of AT&T U-verse Total Home DVR in San Antonio, giving U-verse TV customers the freedom to play back Standard Definition and High Definition recorded programs on any connected TV in the home, at no additional charge.
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You have clocked in to MySA.com's business news blog about San Antonio and South Texas businesses and business people.


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M-Unit - alternatives for central electrics?
View Single Post
Beastly Adventurer
Joined: Sep 2009
Location: Vancouver Island
Oddometer: 1,163
The lack of quality solder has been around since the mid 90s, maybe earlier. It is a common issue for Dodge mini vans of that era to have a lot of electrical issues that a lot of mechanics just can't figure out. I have fixed at least 20 of them for friends just by pulling the dash guages out and resoldering every connection on them. Put them back together and no more faults, flashing lights, computer issues, stalling for no apparent reason, etc. Some people have spent a lot of money on replacement computers and all sorts of other things that can all be fixed by just touching up the solder joints with some good old fashioned lead based solder, especially the main large plug on the back. I am just waiting for the EPA to knock on my door.
As to worring about what this unit will be like in 5-10 years, not for me to say. But the stock wiring on my present 2 bikes is well over 30 years old. I clean all connections every winter, when it is too cold and wet to ride. Then I can ride the rest of the year with no worries.
I think that sometimes people look for a fix for something that isn't necessarily broken. But, if they did not do this, we would surely loose out on a lot of advancements. So, please, anyone that wants to try out these umits, please do so and report back with any installation issues, reliability issues, etc. Maybe some of us old fuddy-duddys will learn something from you younger whipper snappers.
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Writing Laws For Crimes that Didnt Violate Them
Posted in uncategorized on January 16th, 2013 by SayUncle | RSS 2.0 |
Comments are closed.
Remember, I do this to entertain me, not you.
Uncle Pays the Bills
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East Mill Holiday ChaletWelcome |
Welcome to Larch Cottage, our self-catering chalet in beautiful Glenisla, the most westerly of the Angus Glens. Our chalet is a single luxury pine bungalow built beside the River Isla, just outside the small village of Kirkton of Glenisla, approximately 10 miles from Alyth. Built in 2004, the chalet is furnished to a high standard and has fitted carpets and electric heaters in all rooms, and a log-burning stove in the sitting area. The sloping ceilings, large windows, and southern exposure make the chalet very light and spacious. In Spring 2013, the Cateran Trail GeoTour was launched. A GeoTour is a series of geocaches with a common topic or theme and defined locations, and this will be the first official one in the UK. See Cateran Trail GeoTour! From Edinburgh it takes about and hour and forty-five minutes to reach the chalet. Situated approximately 35 miles from both Perth and Dundee, it is just 10 miles from the Cairngorms National Park. Glenisla is one of the prettiest of the Angus Glens, and is a good centre for various outdoor activities, including cycling, hillwalking and fishing, and for exploring further afield in Angus and Perthshire. |


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In API">
Desktop Functions: Smart Device Functions:
SHQueryRecycleBin (shell32)
C# Signature:
[DllImport("shell32.dll")] User-Defined Types:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=4)] Notes:Setting Pack = 4 correctly aligns the data and doesn't add any padding bytes that throw off struct size/values. Tips & Tricks:Please add some! Sample Code:
public static int GetCount() N.B./*In case of Windows 2000 OS, you must supply the root drive. So,in order to calculate the total no of recycled items , you must add the recycled items from each drive e.g. For getting the recycled items from the C:\ , you should use: */
int hresult = SHQueryRecycleBin(@"C:\", ref sqrbi); Alternative Managed API:Do you know one? Please contribute it! Please edit this page!Do you have...
Select "Edit This Page" on the right hand toolbar and edit it! Or add new pages containing supporting types needed for this API (structures, delegates, and more). |


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Efficiency of the Hepatitis B Sci-B-Vac Vaccine in HIV Positive Patients
The recruitment status of this study is unknown because the information has not been verified recently.
Verified October 2011 by Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center.
Recruitment status was Not yet recruiting
Recruitment status was Not yet recruiting
Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
SciGen, Israel, the vaccine manufacturer, will be providing 300 Sci-B-Vac doses
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: September 19, 2011
Last updated: October 5, 2011
Last verified: October 2011
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
Study Status: | This study is not yet open for participant recruitment. |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | November 2013 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | March 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |


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US D423015 S Abstract available in Claims(1)
Description FIG. 1 is a front, top and right side perspective view of a display and key array for a telephone handset showing our new design; FIG. 2 is a top elevational view thereof; FIG. 3 is a front plan view thereof; FIG. 4 is a right side view thereof; FIG. 5 is a left side view thereof; and, FIG. 6 is a rear plan view thereof. Rotate |


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Award Winning Accommodation in North West Tasmania
Tall Timbers Hotel is located at Smithton in beautiful Tasmania, the gateway to the abundant attractions the North West Coast offers, including the magical Tarkine Wilderness. Enjoy one of the many available tours such as helicopter flights and scenic tours, 4WD adventure tours, and Tarkine forest and wilderness experiences. In addition to accommodation, Tall Timbers is also an ideal wedding and function venue or find out more about our conference centre and facilities.
Our accommodation has official 4 star rating from AAA Tourism and include 59 modern hotel rooms and 8 luxury lakeside 1 & 2 bedroom self-contained apartments – ideal for that family holiday/vacation in Tasmania or intimate couple's retreat. Treat yourself to Tasmanian wine at our nationally branded bottleshop or enjoy the 2 bars, restaurant, heated indoor pool, spa, tennis court and gym. We are a member of Innkeepers Collection group of properties.
Explore more of Tasmania's North West from your accommodation, including the iconic Stanley region, Arthur River, Cape Grim, and the magical Tarkine Wilderness – it is all at your doorstep. You may never want to leave our part of Tasmania!


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How do you back to back?, do you still have to get off? Change room? How does it work, Whats the best way to do it. MTIA
Yes, you have to get off, but only for an hour or two (varies from cruise to cruise) and you will be able to get back on the ship before the "normal" passengers board. (Why be normal?) If you're able to book the same room for both cruises, you won't have to repack. If you do have to switch rooms, the steward will move your luggage for you.
Thanks, we just did a 3 night Dream cruise, 3 nights was not long enough! We didnt see the whole ship in that time and left feeling we had not been able to take advantage of all the ships offerings.
One note here, if you do a 3/4 B2B on the Dream, the menus and shows will be repeated on the second leg.
Thanks, worth knowing. For us a B2B would take off the pressure to get it all done in 3 or 4 nights, we left with lots of thing not done or seen. Does anyone one know if it makes financial sense, as opposed to booking a straight 7 night cruise??
You'd really have price out the B2B vs a 7 night. Sometimes one way would be cheaper, sometimes the other. I'd pull for the straight 7 night as there will be different menus/shows and other offerings available that aren't on the shorter cruises.
Having never been on the Dream, I am booked on a B2B in January, so I can see and do a lot more. We have the same room for both legs and since we will eat in Palo and Remy for dinner on both legs, the whole MDR repeat won't matter. What ever show they may have that we haven't seen, we will see and that will take care of it. Yanno, the shows and menus are repeated on all hips, does that stop people from sailing the same ship yearly? No, sp why would that stop someone from doing B2B? Not being snarky, but I think it is a silly argument.
I only pointed it out because on a B2B you're repeating these things immediately. Some people feel it's boring that way. Yes, for those of use who cruise DCL frequently, we do see the same shows (with a bit of variations from ship to ship), and eat from the same menus from cruise to cruise, but there is a span of time between them, so it's not as noticeable.
I completely agree with Princess Shmoo's thoughts on a B2B. We would much rather experience a 7 night cruise with different shows, menus, and ports of call rather than immediately repeating what we had just experienced. In addition to that, Nassau can be interesting, but not that exciting twice in a row. I've been there twice and we agreed if we took another 3 or 4 night cruise we probably won't get off the ship at Nassau.
We did a 4/3 B2b once because we couldn't get to Orlando for a Sat cruise. Honestly, given a choice, I'd take a 7 night any day. Lots more to do, different/better ports, menus, etc. Cost for us was almost identical, but that would depend o dates, etc.
If you do a 7-night on the Fantasy, you'd get the additional program in Animator's Palate, which was "imagineered" after the Dream came on-line. I also like the 7-night itinerary better than the B2B. And tho you're only off the ship for a couple of hours on the B2B change-over day, you're still sitting in Port Canaveral when you could be enjoying the caribbean.
BUT if you LOVE Castaway Cay...You get TWO days there!!! woohoo! And there's no rule saying you have to get off the ship in Nassau the 2nd time. I really only see the B2B if I were going to do one...but that's JMHO. Posted from Disney Forums Reader for Android
Back to Back: Pros and Cons Pros: 1. For us it was Cheaper than the 7 day (we went in October). 2. Got to really get to know the new ship (would never have happened on either a 3 or 4 night cruise.) 3. 2 Days at Castaway Cay. (If the ship never stopped anywhere else I'd still go just for this island.) 4. The repeating menus allowed us to feel free with doing other things for dinner. (Remy, Palo, eating in, etc.) 5. In the same vein, the repeating shows allowed us to explore more. (Hanging on deck at night, family games. Swimming with nearly empty pools, pictures with the characters.) Cons: 1. The changeover day was a wasted day. I've heard others say it and really didn't think it was true because, after all, It's DCL!!! (Went to fast with nothing to do really. we should have arranged a quick jaunt to WDW for the day. If DCL was smart they'd offer this for those who are B2B. it would get them out of their hair for a while and they'd make money.) 2. Even though you have a bunch of days on the ship you really only have one "at sea" day. (That means only one chance at Palo brunch.) 3. Two Days at Nassau. (Meh. We did enjoy the ship completely at this time though.) 4. Changing rooms. I wanted to experience two different "new" types of rooms on the Dream. Mistake. Swapping rooms was a hassle. Stay in your same room. (No, really, stay in your same room!) Hints for B2B'ers: 1. Stay in your same room. 2. Do laundry on the first night of your second leg. NO ONE is using the laundry on the first night of their cruise. 3. We were not allowed back to our rooms until everyone else was allowed there. So make sure that you have a day bag packed and think about how you are going to handle the time during the change over. We hung out at a coffee shop area which was okay but not optimal. 4. Keep your same servers if possible. This made dinner times really cool because they already knew our preferences. 5. If you couldn't score one of those rare Palo ressies online and your second leg is the 4-night (that's what we did) then don't despair, you'll have first crack at that the onboard reservations if you do it when they first start boarding the new passengers. I think that I all I have to say. Except, Have Fun!
It was a little over an hour. We were escorted off the ship and lounged in the concierge area for a while. Then we were allowed to board while the other passengers were just coming in to check in.
We are doing a B2B in January for all of the "Pros" listed by the PP. We actually switched to this from a previously booked 7 night on the Fantasy after contemplating all of our options. There are crtainly a few things that make me sad about the switch, but in the end it will be the right decision for us this time. It worked out much better for our schedule and flights too. We might actually just rent a car on the switchover day and either go to Kennedy Space Center for a few hours (our Port "excursion") or just check out the town and refill our snack supply.
We tried a b2b last Nov just to be on a new ship and the Fantasy wasn't available yet. My kids begged that we never again do that and just stick to 7 nt cruises. It felt like the same cruise all over again. PC day was a waste as was the 2nd Nassau day (well, and the 1st one too for that matter.) We enjoy the shows after dinner so having them repeat too was just kinda boring. I thought we'd spend that time finding other things to do like swim in a much less crowded pool but they weren't into that. Also I like the Fantasy better than the Dream. They're near identical but we loved the Satellite Falls area for adults and though I didn't walk through completely, the water splash area for kids looked fun. I'd have to have a really compelling reason to choose a b2b over a 7 nt. such as a massive price difference or Sun-Sun being the only way we could sail.
We have a B2B booked on the Wonder in 2013. Now, ours is a bit different as it is a 5 night, then a 4 night (Caribbean then Bahamas) so we will have different ports for both and also 2 stops at CC. We moved from an 8 night out of Galveston (before it had gotten switched to those 4 night ones they now have) as DH wanted the stop at CC. We think we will tour around Miami a bit when we get into port and have to wait around perhaps? Haven't looked into that part yet to decide what we can do while we wait to leave again...


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commandlinefu.com is the place to record those command-line gems that you return to again and again.
Delete that bloated snippets file you've been using and share your personal repository with the world. That way others can gain from your CLI wisdom and you from theirs too. All commands can be commented on, discussed and voted up or down.
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Every new command is wrapped in a tweet and posted to Twitter. Following the stream is a great way of staying abreast of the latest commands. For the more discerning, there are Twitter accounts for commands that get a minimum of 3 and 10 votes - that way only the great commands get tweeted.
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Use your favourite RSS aggregator to stay in touch with the latest commands. There are feeds mirroring the 3 Twitter streams as well as for virtually every other subset (users, tags, functions,…):
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Creates a consistent datapumpt export on an Oracle database with the current sequence number, while the system is running and changes happens on the database.
Mostly for Norwegians, but easily adoptable to others. Very handy if you are brainstorming for a new domainname.
Will only display the available ones..
You can usually do this better with dig, but if you dont have dig, or the TLD only have an online service to check with, this will be usefull..
recently some in the #linux shared this. to find out the kernel version name from the binary without using uname
Log a command's votes,
then run:
gnuplot -persist <(echo "plot 'votes' with lines")
The ^$ within the quotes is a regular expression: ^=beginning of line, $=end of line, with no characters between.
You're behind on your TV catch-up, but how far behind? This command tries to open mplayer against all files in the current dir. If it's a video file it will contain ID_LENGTH, which is summed and output in hours, minutes and seconds.
Someone better at awk could probably reduce this down a lot.
This is how I typically grep. -R recurse into subdirectories, -n show line numbers of matches, -i ignore case, -s suppress "doesn't exist" and "can't read" messages, -I ignore binary files (technically, process them as having no matches, important for showing inverted results with -v)
I have grep aliased to "grep --color=auto" as well, but that's a matter of formatting not function.
Searches all files,dirs (also hidden) recursively
shorter typing with no need to use xargs.
After executing this, click on a window you want to track X Window events in.
Explaination: "xev will track events in the window with the following -id, which we get by greping window information obtained by xwininfo"
Show apps that use internet connection at the moment.
Can be used to discover what programms create internet traffic. Skip the part after awk to get more details, though it will not work showing only unique processes.
This version will work with other languages such as Spanish and Portuguese, if the word for "ESTABLISHED" still contain the fragment "STAB"(e.g. "ESTABELECIDO")
This corrects duplicate output from the previous command.
Can be used to discover what programms create internet traffic. Skip the part after awk to get more details.
Has anyone an idea why the uniq doesn't work propperly here (see sample output)?
This obey that you don't match any broadcast or network addresses and stay between 188.8.131.52 - 254.254.254.254


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On December 12, 2013, the Oregon Supreme Court issued its decision in Tektronix, Inc. v. Oregon Dep't. of Revenue. The court held that the taxpayer's receipts from the sale of goodwill, making up a part of the sale of a...more
12/13/2013 - Acquisitions Goodwill Intangible Property Intangibles Tax Exemptions
In 2010, the Washington legislature passed significant B&O tax changes including the adoption of economic nexus and market sourcing for service activities, as well as the imposition of B&O tax on directors' fees....more
7/12/2013 - B&O Tax Directors Economic Development Nexus Tax Cuts
On June 4, 2013, the Thurston County Superior Court issued a written decision affirming the opinion of the Washington State Board of Tax Appeals (Board) in AOL Inc. v. Washington Department of Revenue, No. 11-076 (Wash....more
6/11/2013 - AOL Internet Internet Service Providers Sales & Use Tax
A federal bankruptcy court judge has held that Washington Mutual, Inc. (WMI), a parent holding company that owned bank subsidiaries conducting business in Oregon, did not have nexus in Oregon by virtue of its ownership of the...more
12/21/2012 - Chapter 11 Commerce Clause Due Process Excise Tax Nexus Shareholders Subsidiaries
B&O Tax
Chapter 11
Commerce Clause
Due Process
Economic Development
Excise Tax
Intangible Property
Internet Service Providers
Sales & Use Tax
Tax Cuts
Tax Exemptions
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I'm a composer and arranger from Perth, Australia. I'm the arranger/pianist for the Hitoshi Sakimoto albums "Piano Collections FINAL FANTASY XII" and "Valkyria Chronicles Piano Pieces".
I'm a fan of the FF series and the Ivalice games like Vagrant Story and FF Tactics. I also love Fallout: New Vegas and the Elder Scrolls series.
Following (5)
I made a puzzle game in Animal Crossing: New Leaf. You can play it right now!
on 08.30.2013
The Game of Quille
is a puzzle game that uses lamps and furniture from ACNL on an 8x8 grid. The goal of the game is to move from one item to another, alternating between
�items of furniture, to reach the bowling pins at the end of the maze.
But that's not all - there are extra challenges, like turning on ALL the lights in the room (harder than it sounds, since lights also follow the Red/Green rule), or using a particular piece of furniture only ONCE. Achieving these challenges in the smallest number of moves possible is how you beat
Thanks to the "Dream Suite" feature in ACNL, anyone can play
simply by going to Dream Address�
and entering the Mayor's house.
If you're interested in trying it out, I recommend
taking a few minutes to read the
Game Types
�If you can finish the room on the hardest mode, in the minimum amount of moves, you will be added to the
Hall of Fame
There will be a
new puzzle every week
- if you Follow the
official blog
�you'll know straight away when the game has been updated with a new puzzle.
So, come and play!�
There are also tools to help you
make your own Quille room
if you're so inclined.
- - - -
My goal with this project is to use the gameplay and online mechanics of ACNL to create my own "homebrew DLC". I'm also hoping to create a new way for people to enjoy the game, by creating and sharing their own puzzles. �
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(3 photos)
Zelda Week: Happy 25th Zelda, here's my musical tribute.
on 11.20.2011
It's a performance of "Lon Lon Ranch", for solo piano!
Lon Lon Ranch
Enjoy Skyward Sword, peoples.
view gallery
(1 photo)
Storyteller Review - Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception
on 11.09.2011
To tell you a story, a person will usually write it down and then read it to you. With games, the story is written down, then given to the
to read. If the developer has given the player the right "tools", they can tell an amazing story through the game.
Storyteller reviews
look at this narrative partnership between developer and player, and assess how well the game succeeds as a storytelling engine.
Check out the previous storytelling review to see
how the criteria works
For today's review, it's the latest from Naughty Dog, who are bringing back the magic of classic Spielberg adventure with their Uncharted series.
Uncharted 3 takes you all over the world (like a classic adventure should), and the environments are incredibly immersive. I recommend checking out the featurettes on the detail and research they did for the game. You could take a screenshot at any angle or place, and it would always look like a real location, thanks to the detail in every corner. When exploring an area, I found myself moving the camera around Nate to get the best looking "shot". Experimenting with the camera was especially effective in one of the later chapters, where the hero is aimlessly wandering the desert. Thankfully, in the more action-heavy sequences, the game takes charge of the camera to heighten the drama, and to make sure you can focus on the character's movements without getting disoriented.
In the behind-the-scenes featurette, the developers explain how they use real actors as a reference for the animation, but don't use full on mo-cap and facial mapping. This approach has worked wonders for the animated sequences in the game - the characters interact realistically, and don't look like strange facsimiles of the actors bodies and faces. The characters also never "vacate" the story when it's time for the player to work out a puzzle, or face a dangerous situation - they are always offering advice, shouting in frustration or calling out to each other. This is a game that doesn't divide itself between gameplay and story sections - everything you do in the game is happening to Nate, Sully, Elena and the others as well.
image source
The game keeps information out of your face as much as possible, keeping the player focused on the scenes taking place. Hand-to-hand combat favours cinematic flair over challenge - I found it more fun to watch than the gunplay. Brawling allows for experimentation and creativity within the environment. Knocking an opponent out with a fish, for example, felt far more satisfying then firing a grenade into someone's face, for it only to knock their helmet off.
While exploring, the game helps you along as much as you'll let it, without breaking the immersion too much. Your travelling companions will hint at solutions, and there is an option to have the game simply tell you the solution if you are stuck long enough. The climbing sections are always surprising and creative, and comprise some of the most exciting moments in the game. Ledges you can jump to are designed to "stand out", which is handy for the player, but the "highlighting" of the correct path does hurt the game's immersion a little. Seeing the path laid out for you so conspicuously is a bit like being able to see the "X"'s taped to the floor of a movie set, where the actors need to stand.
Compared to other game genres, action/adventure has a much less complicated range of actions for the player to perform - shoot, jump, run, climb. There is no branching dialogue or moral decisions to muddle the character of Nathan Drake. Like the previous game, I found that the player's skill at gunplay
have an effect on their "portrayal" of Drake - if you're terrible at it like me, with Drake missing most of his shots, it feels like the player doesn't live up to the expectation that Drake can handle himself in a firefight.
On the other hand, if you're REALLY good at shooting, and play Drake as an efficient killer, it doesn't quite mesh with his lovable, underdog adventure hero attitude. Sometimes the combination of badass and charming action hero doesn't quie mesh. Even so, I can't fault Naughty Dog for trying to combine hero archetypes into something new.
image source
The story is ever-present in Uncharted 3. This series earns it's mantle of "cinematic" gameplay not only for it's high production values and mastery of genre conventions - it's also a game that makes the player feel like the director of the story, quite effortlessly. The developers put some distance between you and the main character, letting you direct the story
him in exciting ways. The effectiveness of the "scene" is paramount - in a barfight, the player doesn't have to worry about blocking - they can look at the whole scene, pick up a bottle, and discover that Nathan Drake isn't all charm - he can also fight dirty.
The game is linear, but at every stage, Naughty Dog lays out all the tools needed to create an exciting action sequence. Shooting a gas tank, pulling an unsuspecting guard over a cliff, or leaping onto truck from horseback - all of these moments and more have been designed with the player's understanding of action movies in mind. But for the most part it's up to the player to use these tools however they like.
The icing on the cake is that there is a real character acting out these decisions - the game feels less like old-school wish fulfillment (YOU are Nathan Drake!), and more like you are directing the scene yourself. True cinematic games don't just
cinematic - they let you play with cinematic ideas directly.
Uncharted 3 is an excellent storytelling engine for the action/adventure genre. It sits in a comfortable, well-worn part of the entertainment industry and celebrates what makes the genre great, not only through it's polished Hollywood presentation, but it's cinematic approach to gameplay.
Vivi's Theme on Piano, and the Gallian Liberation Front!
on 10.23.2011
Hey you! You like good games right? Then you should join the
Gallian Liberation Front
, who are always finding constructive ways to show SEGA that we would very much like to play Valkyria Chronicles 3. Pump yourself up with my tribute video of
"Conferral of Honors"
from the VC soundtrack!
OK! Now, settle down. We're going to a town called Alexandria where this little guy -
is on his way to see a show. It's
"Vivi's Theme"
from the classic Final Fantasy IX.
And that's all the content there is for today! More articles about storytelling in gaming are on the way. Read them, and find out why I prefer to update about my music!
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Oil on Water: Big Industry, Small Community (Response)
on 09.24.2011
This is a response to
Jim Sterling's article
on Shadow of the Colossus.
Once, the gaming community revolved around brands and mascots - fanboys defending Nintendo, or Sonic, or whatever else. That phase is over now (I would hope), but gaming became intrinsic to our lives during our childhood through to adulthood. Gamers want to bring the medium
them as they get older - something that should be as simple as buying new games for themselves, that are tailored for adults.
Nowadays, the adult gamer knows what they like - just like they have their favourite TV shows, books, or films. The variety of genres in those mediums is massive, and each year the gaming medium is catching up to them by finding new ways to play, and new people to play them. The amount of sub-cultures in a more "established" medium like film is also huge: you have sci-fi fans, fans of rom-coms, fans of classic westerns, the list goes on. And for the most part, these groups leave each other alone. No single sub-culture can convince all the other film-goers that
genre is the best. There is no unified "movie-watching" community - it's just too big. After all, who do you know that has
watched a film? This is what a "medium" should be - too big for
to be right or wrong. My question is, will
ever get this big? And do you want it to?
For decades, games have been pushed around by sensationalist or dismissive media - branded a fad, a threat, and a waste of time. In these news stories, the violent games speak for the entire medium. The gaming world's response to that is, time and time again, to choose their
ambassador for gaming - a chosen game that will legitimise the medium as an art form, and not just a toy. Either way, the gaming community remains "small" - the news will call first-person shooters "gaming", and passionate gamers will call artistic games (like Shadow of the Colossus) "gaming". Isn't deciding the fate of an entire medium around one "champion" too
a solution? When the controversial "Serbian Film" was released, no one had to bring up "Schindler's List" to defend the honour of film-making.
The community rallies around these "champions", and those who support these chosen games are considered "true gamers". To me it's nothing less than the adult mutation of fanboyism. Only now it's not Mario vs Sonic, it's the World vs Video Games. Of course, having a passionate and close community is a wonderful thing, too. But such a community will always remain small, unless we learn to leave each other alone. I don't have a solution to the way gaming is portrayed in mainstream media - I think it's a problem that will eventually solve itself, but for now we should just carry on playing what we will, and make our "small" community "bigger".
Games will "grow up" not after they've won an Oscar, but when someone who has never played a game is just as uncommon as someone who has never watched a movie.
Oh, and what do
think of Shadow of the Colossus? It doesn't matter.
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Storyteller Review: Deus Ex Human Revolution
on 09.10.2011
What is a Storyteller Review?
This is a game review that focuses on how well a game performs as a
Storytelling Engine.
It's not an analysis of the game's story itself, but rather a study of the "tools" the developer has given the player, to
that story. You will probably enjoy this review more if you have already played the game. The criteria for this kind of review comes from the questions that enter my mind when playing a game:
World Detail
- How much effort has gone into making the game world feel tangible? This includes things like hidden notes/journals, or details in the game world like graffiti, posters and overheard conversations.
Character Detail
- How much effort has gone into realistic character design and interaction? Are there varying body types, mannerisms, and voices?
- How does the developer balance immersion with information? For example, is the player's health quantified by a percentage, or does the screen get darker and bloodier when their health is low? Also, when the player makes a gameplay or dialogue choice, how clear are the specifics and/or consequences of that action?
Narrative Strength
- How easy is it to 'break' the narrative you are creating through your gameplay choices, either accidentally or deliberately? And how tempting is it to break the integrity of the narrative to gain gameplay rewards? (For example - playing an 'upstanding' character, then killing an innocent person to get a good piece of equipment, despite it being a decision that an 'upstanding' character would never make).
Sacrificed Story vs. Elevated Story
- What comes first, story or gameplay? Are there points in the game where a gameplay situation is 'forced' on the player, even if it goes against their understanding of the story and their character's motivations? Are there any gameplay design decisions that harm the integrity of the story? Or, are there any subversions of this, where
comes first and foremost - where gameplay sections can be approached differently or skipped altogether?
I decided that the first game to review in this style should be the acclaimed, genre-blending
Deus Ex Human Revolution
. NOTE: There's
one spoiler
, and it will be marked.
Deus Ex: Human Revolution
is set in the near future, where a section of humanity is on the brink of gaining total control over their own evolution. The protagonist Adam Jensen, who is forced to undergo extensive human augmentation, is the only playable character, and the story is told from a mixed first/third person perspective, and intermittent cutscenes.
The World - Our Future
A lot of care has gone into creating a world that frequently makes players stop and think about the kind of future they'd like to live in. There is plenty of reading to do in DX:HR, and the "lore" that can be found is pleasingly diverse. The developers "fill in" the gap between our present and the game's future through reports on technological breakthroughs and global shifts of power (although a civil war in Australia would likely be East vs West, not North vs South!).
For every exciting discovery (reflexes at the speed of
), there is a sobering report in the newspaper of an experiment gone wrong, or some tragic unforeseen circumstance in another part of the world. You can even read interpersonal exchanges on employee terminals - there's so much content to find. Much of this world's "presence" is generated by sparking the player's imagination through these logs, which is a very effective approach.
You'll also hear people discussing hot button topics in buildings and on the streets, and while these overheard conversations are welcome, they don't feel as naturally immersive as the logs and newspapers. The city hubs themselves are fantastically detailed, but unfortunately they feel more like "levels" than real world locations - crawling around and moving barrels is hardly how I imagined getting from place to place in the future.
The People - Mr. and Mrs. NPC
DE:HR loses points here. Adult man shape and adult woman shape is all you get. There's some variation in hair, clothes and even augmented body parts which is nice, but underneath it all is the same basic build. The 'mannequin'-like effect is compounded with recycled animations, awkward feet-shuffling and over-gesticulating. The conversations themselves flow easily enough, and the voice-acting is adequate, using the usual video game approach - important characters sound important, NPC's sound unimportant. Nothing too cringe-worthy, but there are a few
However, when Eidos Montreal put the effort in, it really shows. The handful of first-person conversations, where you need to persuade a character to reveal information or to help you advance in a certain way, are excellent. To succeed in these segments you need to tell the person what they want to hear, but you are
free to use the conversations to reinforce the desired personality you want Adam Jensen to have. In one scenario, I directed Jensen to be very confrontational towards an old S.W.A.T buddy, and watched it backfire and force him to sheepishly admit his defeat to the higher-ups. I was denied access to the police morgue, but learned something about Jensen's past and his attitude towards the importance of duty.
Image from
In regular conversations, Jensen stays fairly neutral, but you can "bend" him towards a slightly more friendly, or icy response. There is no outright Good Jensen or Evil Jensen - the player largely decides who Jensen is by how he approaches conflict during missions. There's a big difference between a protagonist that moves unseen through the shadows, and one that will clinically and painfully kill a man with his sword-elbows. It's how much Jensen values human life that determines what kind of leading man he is - and for the most part, that is up to you.
Deus Ex - an Augmented Reality Game
DE:HR gracefully sidesteps the problems of an intrusive HUD by making the HUD itself a point of immersion. The information about your character's condition and surroundings is exactly what Jensen sees through his visual augmentations. It allows gameplay features that would normally be distracting (such as the Track and Mark system, which keeps tabs on your enemies), to become almost
in their execution. I winced the first time Jensen was hit by an EMP mine - his senses were scrambled and his entire brain had to reboot. That can't be pleasant.
One of the issues the game tackles is controlled evolution - something I myself participated in while playing the game, although I didn't realise it at the time. When choosing how to develop Jensen's abilities, I would save up my Praxis Points (see below), and only spend them when I needed to adapt my playstyle to survive the next situation. The room is flooding with hostile guards? About time this little vent-dwelling lizard learned how to become invisible.
One thing that wasn't completely clear was which missions required urgency, and which ones didn't. I loved the 'real-time' aspect of the first mission (if you wait too long to start the rescue operation, hostages will die), but it hardly seemed fair. In such a dense game, most players expect the leisure to explore and familiarise themselves first, and a story that can wait. I was also surprised when Pritchard the tech expert chided me for entering the women's bathroom (totally by accident). From the first hour it seemed like this would be a game that was very aware of it's narrative integrity, and the consequences of breaking that integrity. A hero doesn't eavesdrop in a toilet!
However I didn't encounter any more "time limit" moments in the game; I did try to complete main missions that seemed particularly urgent before starting any sidequests, just in case. Nor did I meet any consequences for my less honest gaming habits - for example, I was able to take whatever I wanted from the desks of the officers at the police station, right from under their noses. However, this is all just anecdotal evidence - I hope that others have found more examples of the game taking offense to their thieving and snooping.
if you're so inclined.
In my opinion, Jensen's capacity for violence comes
to breaking the narrative, but it depends on how you play. I get that some players want to play him as a badass killer. The lethal takedowns are gratuitous and flashy, like the developers are showing off, but I can understand the player using them to create a Jensen that shatters his enemies' morale before he shatters everything else. Not that I ever heard any cries of "Oh JESUS, he stabbed him right in the GROIN!" (rather, the enemies just started shooting). To me, at least, the lethal takedowns were hard to justify, when the non-lethal takedown achieved the same end, without the violent death (and the noise).
Happily, the game makes player decisions very clear and easy to execute (you won't accidentally stab someone with your sword-elbows). The dialogue topics are brief - "NON-LETHAL, HOSTAGES, HIT-MAN", etc - but I greatly appreciated having a preview of what my character would say, below the topic. Just in case it didn't sound
like what my character would say, be it too cold, too "bad-ass", or even too flippant. There were no moments where I was surprised or disappointed with what Jensen said.
"You are Adam Jensen, except when
are Adam Jensen."
So what wins out in the end, story or gameplay? Ideally, they shouldn't be mutually exclusive, but a perfect balance between the two is a rare thing. Deus Ex Human Revolution achieves a nice balance, but still stumbles in many of it's climactic moments. Adam Jensen is the core of the story, and for the most part he is in your control - but when the game takes over the results are frustrating to say the least.
Imagine you're a kid, and that Adam Jensen is your favourite action figure that can do everything. Your best friend, Eidos, lent it to you and told you to play with it however you want. The more you play, the more you enjoy it, and the better you are at playing with it. Then one day, Eidos comes over and says "okay, that's enough, now I want to play with it again".
"But, I'm in the middle of a gam -"
"No, trust me, my game will be just as fun. So Adam walks into this room..."
"Adam wouldn't just walk into the room without making sure it's safe, first."
"Quiet! I made this toy, I know how it works. He walks into a room, and then suddenly BAM!" Eidos pulls out another big action figure with a gun for an arm. "This guy attacks from out of nowhere!"
"Okay, then
use the big guy, and
can use Adam Jensen, and we can play together-"
"NO!" Eidos screams. "We're playing it MY way now! We're playing it my way and I'm not leaving until we do! I've locked all the doors in your house, so we're playing!"
"... Fine. Adam stuns the bad guy with his stun-gun, then knocks him unconscious."
"Nuh-uh! His armour is too strong! He throws bombs at him!"
"But - "
Eidos continues to smash the two action figures together until you both get sick of it, and then his mum Squeenix comes to pick him up. He gives the Adam Jensen toy back, but unfortunately also arranges to have two more playdates in the future.
Maybe you enjoyed the boss fights that came fresh from 1994. But to me, they felt like the developers were wrenching away the super-fun toy and forcing me to play how
wanted. And for what? So they could show me a "cool thing" I care nothing about? I try to avoid acting like an entitled gamer that tells entire companies how to run their business. Actually, it may already be too late for that, but I'll say this anyway:
your boss fights. If a character can only be described as a "boss", then they aren't a character at all. An equivalent example in film would be the henchman
in the old James Bond movies. At first, I liked the idea of being hopelessly outmatched against Barrett (the toy with the gun-arm). In any other medium, the hero would have needed to find some other way to best him. But in this case what ensued was an unheroic, almost comical mess. I tried the stun-gun on him, which sort of worked. While he was briefly incapacitated I attempted the tried-and-true shotgun to the head - and that still didn't do it. This wasn't going to be Indiana Jones
shooting the swordsman
. Crickets chirped, the man went "ergh" and somewhere in the code a health bar dropped a little bit. How visceral.
At this point, I was pretty frustrated. Not just because I was unprepared for this gameplay challenge - I was also forced out of the character I'd "made". I had to forget about Jensen's personal code when it came to combat, abandon the grace and cunning of stealth and - god help me -
run around shooting explosive barrels when the boss got close to them
. Entitled whining may not change a developer's mind, but I hope there are other gamers out there who expect more, a
more from a story written in 2011, even if it is 'only in a video game'. Until that time, gamers, keep shooting those explosive barrels. They're red, that's how you know.
But enough negativity. Those boss fights are the few crap episodes you skip on the DVD of your favourite series. And, there are some wonderful moments in the game of playstyle
affecting the story too. If you haven't played up to the second visit to Hengsha, don't read the next four paragraphs because there are
Upon returning to China, you and your pilot Faridah Malik are forced to crash land, and are then ambushed by mercenaries. Adam Jensen jumps to safety nearby, but the crashed plane is taking heavy fire with Malik still in it. You can then try to save her.
Trouble was, all I had on me was my non-lethal equipment. I didn't have the firepower to stop the mercenaries before the plane exploded and Malik was killed. This was probably one of my favourite moments in the game - Jensen had to leave her behind because fighting would mean throwing his life away, and SOMEONE had to survive to find the truth,
Or rather, I liked that turn in the story, and that I made that call as a player-director, rather than from a personal standpoint, ie: "what would I do if it was
friend in a burning gunship?" This isn't the story of Casey Ormond the augmented supersoldier, it's the story of Adam Jensen, a character I
. We aren't the same person, and don't make the same decisions. The actions of Adam Jensen are not for wish fulfillment, they're to serve the story.
Truthfully, I probably
have saved Malik - it would have taken a great deal of effort and time, but it would have been just as rewarding for me, and for the story (NO MAN LEFT BEHIND and all that). But in the end, I chose the death of Faridah Malik - it was the classic tragic event before the third act of the film, when things start to get
really serious.
Final Thoughts and Score
As a game, Deus Ex: Human Revolution is fantastic and fun to play. However, its storytelling potential is a mixed bag. It pulls you into its world with a detailed history and setting, but fails to match that detail in its character designs. It allows the player to define Adam Jensen through his words and actions, but repeatedly snatches that character away from you when a crisis befalls him. Overall, it's an enjoyable journey that is quite immersive, and always thought-provoking.
How was your experience with Deus Ex: Human Revolution? Did it's storytelling grab you, or repel you? Share your thoughts below.
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So today at work while talking to a coworker it came up in conversation on how I have been married for 11+ years. At which point she remarked OMG you must of got married young. I replied that my wife and I were 24 when we got married and she confirmed that we were definitely young at that age. Just wondering if people think this is young to get married? My thought is young would be getting married between 18-20 and the average to me 20-30. Now don't get me wrong you get married when you are ready and there is no wrong or right at any age as long it is a legal age.
Yeah, I tend to think as getting married young as meaning as teenagers or very early 20s. DH and I were both 23. We had both finished college at that point. I never thought of that s particularly young to get married.
I wouldn't consider 24 to be "married young", but I guess it's all a matter of perspective for folks.
I don't think 24 is married young. I think it's average. I was married at 19 (the first time). That was young.
I don't consider 23/24 as 'young' for getting married. At that age one could have finished college, have a full time job in their field, and be self supporting. I was 2 months shy of 24 when DH and I got married. I didn't consider myself 'young'. My nephew got married at 17. Now that's young.
I started dating DH right after I turned 17, he was 22. When we got married I was 21 and he was 26. I was pregnant with our second child Still together and about to celebrate our 11th anniversary. Wouldn't want my kids to get married that young but it's worked out for us.
I was 18 and DH was 21. We were very young! We caught a lot of heat for being young but I'm so glad we did it anyways. We have lost a lot of loved ones (my dad included) that wouldn't of been there had we waited.
Spot on! I and my DW were both a year out of college and working in our field of major and both living at home before we got married. I guess you could call us the "Ducks in a Row" type. lol
I got married 3 weeks after my 24th birthday. My husband was 26. He had his masters and I had my bachelors. We were some of the first among our college friends to get married. Contrast that to this summer when I was in my hometown visiting some old friends. I was talking with a guy friend whom I have known my entire life. He made the comment that it was so nice that I met my husband "so much later in life" because I got to enjoy my teens and early twenties without being tied down (he married at 20 and has now been divorced for a year). Many of my high school friends who stayed in my hometown and either went to the university there or didn't go to college were married by 21. I think that it completely depends on the culture of your area. I have heard that people in the south marry much younger than up north, but it is also more common for people up north to live together prior to marriage. Around my college friends, I married rather young. Around my high school friends, I was much older - an idea that actually makes me laugh. I've been married 5 years and still don't feel old.
I would consider getting married before you are in your late twenties to be 'young'. That's not to say the marriage is doomed to failure. I was 22 when I got married and we just celebrated our 28th anniversary. Still, I hope that my girls will wait until they are older to marry.
I got married at 20, dh was 24. Young! I was still in college and even bought my first house while in college. We were dating for 7 years and felt it was time. That was 20 years ago. I would think anything under 27 or so to be young. I know my niece is 25 and says she won't even consider it until she is into her 30's. She does live with her boyfriend and is very career oriented to consider children at this point. The last 2 "first" weddings I have been to, were 2 different cousins and both were in their early 30's.
I was married at 24 (barely 24). I do not consider it "young" because I'd graduated from college and was self-supporting, etc. I think I would consider "young" to be getting married before graduating college, or becoming established in whatever career/trade you choose...
I was 19 and DH was 21 when we got married. I felt we were married very young but it worked for us. We are having our 4th anniversary in March though, yay!
I was 2 months shy of being 18, and dh was 19. We married for love, and in 2 weeks it will be 26 years
I can understand why some people consider 24 young given just how things are today. Many 24 year olds are still in graduate programs, finding their first job, or living at home that it does sound young to be "established" in something. I was 26 and DH was 29 when we married. For a lot of our family members, we were late bloomers. Or they were just shocked that we were engaged after a year of knowing each other while they all dated for many years (because they were too young I guess ) before getting engaged. While anything under 25 sounds young to me, it's not very young or tragically young to be getting married.
In Canada, where I live, the average age of men when they first marry is 31 and for women - 29. In the US, it's 29 and 27 respectively. IMO, any age under 26 is young.
DH and I were 22 when we married (17 years ago). I guess I would consider anything under 20 young. Beyond that, we're definitely adults and old enough to marry (although I still think that's odd when you consider a 20yo may not be able to toast on their wedding day legally. )
I was 24 and my husband was 26 when we got married. He had a degree and full time job and I had my masters and a full time job. Did not seem young to us at all. I think many young people these days suffer from delayed onset of adulthood.


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Bobby McFerrin and Questlove to Perform Duets Concert in NYC
June 13 date at Town Hall is their first official collaboration
Vocal improviser Bobby McFerrin and Questlove of the Roots will perform their first official collaborative concert June 13 at New York's Town Hall as part of the Blue Note Jazz Festival. Titling it "Mumbo Jumbo: Bobby McFerrin & Questlove In Musical Dialogue," the show will begin at 8:30 p.m. The performance solely features McFerrin and Questlove. Tickets are currently available for purchase via ticketmaster.com and through The Town Hall box office (212-840-2824).
For more information on the Blue Note Jazz Festival, please visit: Blue Note Jazz Festival.
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fotografie randallPhotographer Male Clovis, California, US
My Website:
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/RLPS
Mayhem # 1333785
About MeMy entries for the 12th annual, "Nudes in November" art show at Sorensen Studios will feature awesomely beautiful Model Mayhem member "Manzanita". Winning at this show is not the goal - being inspired by fellow Fresno area artists is.Update: Three friends from Clovis placed first, second and third this year in photography... Me, Darrell Graves and Rick Horowitz. Yippee for us! Thank you Manzanita!!! My interest is art that celebrates the beauty of the female figure. The images and paintings I produce are the result of an artistic journey, both for me, and the model and hopefully the final product captures something of her inner spirit. I find that interesting subject matter releases forces within me that bring my work to a new level of expression. The relationship between a model and an artist is a unique one and any work of art created is the combination of the two personalities and the synergy between them. Together with my creative partner and wife, we look for people who are interested in the artwork being created and we both take pride in the joint accomplishment. If you are interested in exploring the possibility of working together, please don't hesitate to contact us. I'm willing to consider a Content Trade (I'll waive my fee and you waive yours) if we will both benefit from the images produced during our collaboration. I'm currently working on a "Nudes in Nature" series and looking for select models located near interesting locations such as Yosemite, Mono Lake, the Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, Red Rock Canyon north of Mojave, the central coast or anywhere else that will create an contrast between the smooth and delicate texture of skin and rugged or scenic surroundings. Opportunities for a modicum of privacy would be good as well. =) Lists
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Benedictine Programs
and Services, Board of Directors
Patrick M. Bilbrough
Executive Vice President – Talbot
Sister Marie Consolata Billingsley, O.S.B.
Treasurer, St. Gertrude Monastery
Linda F. Bluth, Ed.D
President, National Assn for Pupil Transportation,
Assurance Specialist, MSDE
Edward A. Burkhalter
Ret., USN, & President Burkhalter Associates Inc.
Thomas J. Collamore
Sr. VP, Comm & Str. Counselor to Pres.,
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
President, Benedictine Foundation
Benjamin J. "Patrick" Denihan, Jr.
Co-CEO, Denihan Hospitality Group
Brian P. Donovan
Alumnus of Benedictine School
Cecelia K. Duckworth
Anne Arundel County Government, Ret.
Director, Benedictine Programs & Services
Kenneth B. Folstein
Chartered Attorney
President, Board of Directors
Bruce F. George
Railroad Administration Office of Safety & Policy, Ret., Author
Susan N. Hochberg
Research Assistant, University of
Laurence J. Hoffman
Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer and Feld,
LLP, Ret.
Donald M. Jacques
State Department, Ret.
John J. Krieger
Investment Executive, Royal Bank of
Carl S. Lee
Capt. Ret. MD State Police
Valentine F. Lynch
CFP, EA, CEBS, IFS Financial
Corporation – Col., Ret., USAF
Margaret M. Madden
Pfizer, Inc., VP, Assistant General
Richard V. Pryor
Economic Development
Director, Ret.
Sister Colleen Quinlivan, O.S.B.
Administrator, St. Gertrude Monastery


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SEATTLE -- A news helicopter crashed into the street and exploded into flames Tuesday near Seattle's Space Needle, killing two people on board, badly injuring a man in a car and sending plumes of black smoke over the city during the morning commute.
The chopper was taking off from the KOMO-TV station when it went down on Broad Street and hit three vehicles, starting them on fire and spewing burning fuel down the street.
Kristopher Reynolds, a contractor working nearby, saw the wreck. He said the helicopter lifted about 5 feet and was about to clear a building when it tilted. It looked like it was trying to correct itself when it took a dive downward.
"Next thing I know, it went into a ball of flames," he said.
When firefighters arrived, they found the helicopter, two cars and a pickup truck on fire, along with a huge cloud smoke, Seattle Fire Department spokesman Kyle Moore said.
"Not only were the cars on fire, the fuel running down the street was on fire," he told reporters at the scene.
Firefighters stopped the burning fuel from entering the sewer.
A 37-year-old man in one of the cars managed to free himself and was taken to Harborview Medical Center in critical condition. He had burns on more than 50 percent of body, Moore said.
Hospital spokeswoman Susan Gregg said the facility received no other victims from the crash.
A woman from the other burned car went to a police station and talked to officers. The man from the pickup truck walked off. Fire investigators want to talk to him, Moore said.
The two who were killed were the only people on board the helicopter. They remained in the wreckage until investigators from the Federal Aviation Administration and National Transportation Safety Board arrived, Moore said.
An hour after the crash, firefighters had put out the flames and were cleaning up the spilled fuel, which left a strong smell in the area. Only the tail of the helicopter could be identified among the burned metal on the street next to the Seattle Center.
Workers at KOMO rushed to the window when they heard the crash. Reporters with the station were then in the position of covering the deaths of colleagues.
"We mourn the loss of a couple of our co-workers today," KOMO-TV anchor Dan Lewis said on the air. "It's so difficult for us to look at this scene, of the wreckage down there."
On the street, reporter Denise Whitaker said, "It is definitely a tragic scene down here. It is a difficult time for all of us this morning."
The victims' names were not immediately released.
The helicopter was a Eurocopter AS350, FAA spokesman Allen Kinetzer said. It was departing from the downtown helipad when it crashed and burned under unknown circumstances, he said.
The station said the chopper might have hit the side of a building before it went down. The FAA is investigating but the NTSB is the lead agency, Kinetzer said.
Lewis said it wasn't the regular KOMO helicopter but a temporary replacement for one that's in the shop for an upgrade.
The crash site also was near the EMP Museum, the music and culture museum created by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. The Seattle Center is popular with tourists and locals, and is the site of many music and cultural festivals and sporting activities.
Other cities have experienced helicopter crashes as TV stations rush to cover the news from above major cities.
Two news helicopters collided in midair in Phoenix in 2007 as the aircraft covered a police chase, sending fiery wreckage plummeting onto a park. Four people in the helicopters were killed.
The crash prompted changes at the stations in how they operated their helicopter crews.
In this image made from video provided by KOMO-TV, smoke rises from the scene of a news helicopter crash outside the KOMO-TV studios near the space needle in Seattle Tuesday.
×In this photo provided by KOMO-TV, emergency personnel respond to the scene of a helicopter crash outside the KOMO-TV studios near the space needle in Seattle on Tuesday.
×In this photo provided by KIRO- TV,smoke rises at the scene of a helicopter crash outside the KOMO-TV studios near the space needle in Seattle on Tuesday.
×In this photo provided by KOMO-TV, a car burns at the scene of a helicopter crash outside the KOMO-TV studios near the space needle in Seattle on Tuesday.
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