text:
Patsy Ramsey
- "Patsy Ramsay" redirects here. For the granddaughter of Queen Victoria sometimes known as "Patsy Ramsay", see Princess Patricia of Connaught.
Patricia Anna Ramsey | |
Ramsey in 1977
Born | Patricia Ann Paugh December 29, 1956 Gilbert, West Virginia |
Died | June 24, 2006 Atlanta, Georgia |
(aged 49)
Nationality | American |
Spouse(s) | John Bennett Ramsey (1980–2006) |
Patricia Anna "Patsy" Ramsey (née Paugh; December 29, 1956 – June 24, 2006) was the mother of JonBenét Ramsey, a 6-year-old American beauty pageant contestant who was murdered on December 25, 1996.
Ramsey was born in Gilbert, West Virginia to Nedra Ellen Ann (née Rymer) and Donald Ray Paugh.[1] She graduated from Parkersburg High School in 1975, and went on to attend West Virginia University where she belonged to the Alpha Xi Delta sorority, and from which she graduated with a B.A. in Journalism in 1978. She won the Miss West Virginia beauty title in 1977 and her sister Pamela won the same title three years later.
She married John Ramsey at age 23 on November 5, 1980. Their son, Burke Ramsey, was born on January 27, 1987. She gave birth to her second child, JonBenét, on August 6, 1990 in Atlanta. The family moved to Boulder, Colorado in 1991.
Daughter's murder[edit]
After the murder of JonBenét in the family's home in December 1996, Boulder law enforcement officials declared that Patsy and her husband were "under an umbrella of suspicion"[2] due to their possible involvement in the crime. The couple spent the next 10 years defending themselves against the allegations by insisting that an intruder killed their daughter. No charges have ever been filed against anyone for the murder.
A grand jury voted in 1999 to indict the parents of six-year-old JonBenet Ramsey on charges of child abuse resulting in death, but then-Boulder District Attorney Alex Hunter refused to sign the indictment. Multiple sources, including members of the grand jury, have confirmed to the Daily Camera that Hunter refused to sign the indictment against John and Patsy Ramsey in connection with their child's death on Christmas night 1996, believing he could not prove the case beyond a reasonable doubt.[3]
On July 9, 2008, nearly 12 years after their daughter's murder and two years after Patsy's death, John Ramsey and his late wife were officially cleared in the death by the Boulder District Attorney's office based on new DNA evidence collected from JonBenet's clothing; this particular type of DNA analysis did not exist at the time of the killing.[4] Boulder County District Attorney Mary Lacy said new DNA tests point to an "unexplained third party" as responsible for the murder. This was done against normal practice and police still believe them to not be cleared of all charges. [5]
Defamation lawsuits[edit]
Several defamation lawsuits have ensued since JonBenét's murder. L. Lin Wood. was the plaintiff's lead attorney for John and Patsy Ramsey and their son Burke, and has prosecuted defamation claims on their behalf against St. Martin's Press, Time, Inc., The Fox News Channel, American Media, Inc., Star, The Globe, Court TV and The New York Post.[6][7][8] John and Patsy Ramsey were also sued in two separate defamation lawsuits arising from the publication of their book, The Death of Innocence, brought by two individuals named in the book as having been investigated by Boulder police as suspects in JonBenét's murder. The Ramseys were defended in those lawsuits by Lin Wood and three other Atlanta attorneys, James C. Rawls, Eric P. Schroeder, and S. Derek Bauer, who obtained dismissal of both lawsuits including an in-depth decision by U.S. District Court Judge Julie Carnes that "abundant evidence" in the murder case pointed to an intruder having committed the crime.[9]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (September 2012) |
Patsy Ramsey died at age 49 on June 24, 2006, ten years after her daughter, following a battle with ovarian cancer. She is buried at the St. James Episcopal Cemetery in Marietta, Georgia, next to JonBenét. She died at her father's house with her husband by her side, lawyer Lin Wood said. She was originally diagnosed with cancer in 1993 when she was only 37, but was in remission for nine years until a recurrence in 2003.
In popular culture[edit]
Ramsey was portrayed by Alex Borstein in MADtv episodes 417 and 502; by Marg Helgenberger in the 2000 miniseries Perfect Murder, Perfect Town; and by soap opera actress Judi Evans in the 2000 TV movie Getting Away with Murder: The JonBenét Ramsey Mystery. She was also caricatured in the 2001 South Park episode, "Butters' Very Own Episode." The South Park episode strongly implied that Patsy Ramsey with her husband were responsible for the death of JonBenét Ramsey. In a 2011 interview, South Park creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone stated that they regretted how the Ramseys were portrayed in the episode.[10]
- ^ Patsy Ramsey at Wargs.com
- ^ CNN report
- ^ [Boulder DA refused to sign indictment of Ramseys - The Denver Post; January 28, 2013]
- ^ "Exclusive: JonBenet's father 'grateful' after being cleared by DNA". Colorado 9 News. 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
- ^ "I am former Boulder Police Chief Mark Beckner. I worked in law enforcement for 36 years, and headed the investigation into the JonBenet Ramsey murder. AMAA. (cached version)". Reddit / Denver News. 2015-02-22. Retrieved 2015-02-26.
- ^ Erin Moriarty, "JonBenét: DNA Rules Out Parents," "CBS", March 26, 2005.
- ^ Vanessa Miller, "Boulder police take back Ramsey case," "Colorado Daily" February 2, 2009
- ^ David Kohn, "Searching: The Interrogation Tapes," "CBS" February 11, 2009
- ^ R. Robin McDonald All Articles (2009-03-16). "Northern District of Georgia's New Chief Judge Reflects on Her Career". Law.com. Retrieved 2011-06-22.
- ^ Goldman, Andrew (September 23, 2011). "The Fogies of 'South Park'". The New York Times Magazine.
External links[edit]
- "Evidence voluminous but tricky"
- Patsy Ramsey, JonBenet's mother, dies
- Police: Ramseys remain under 'umbrella of suspicion'
- Patsy P. Ramsey Ovarian Cancer Foundation
- Patsy Ramsey at Find a Grave
- 1956 births
- 2006 deaths
- American Episcopalians
- Beauty pageant contestants from West Virginia
- Burials in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Cancer deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Deaths from ovarian cancer
- Miss America 1970s delegates
- Parkersburg High School alumni
- People from Atlanta, Georgia
- People from Boulder, Colorado
- People from Mingo County, West Virginia
- People from Parkersburg, West Virginia
- West Virginia University alumni


text:
Herman Cain Now Remembers "A Couple Of Other Things" About Complaints Against Him
Yesterday, after total denial, Herman Cain suddenly remembered just one incident where there was a complaint against him. But now, there are "a couple of other things" Cain remembers.
…this time, Cain went on to say that there had been "a couple of other things" in the complaint filed during his time at the National Restaurant Association, though he claimed not to remember the specifics.
The complaint concerned "the gesture with the height thing and there were a couple of other things in there that I found absolutely ridiculous," Cain said, as HLN's Robin Meade cut in asking him what "ridiculous" things he was referring to.
"I don't even remember. They were so ridiculous, I don't remember what they are," Cain said.
The anchor pressed him: "You remember they were ridiculous, but you don't remember what the other things were?"
"The reason I forgot them is because they were ridiculous. I dismissed them out of my mind," Cain said. "I said if she can make that stick and call that sexual harassment, fine. But it didn't stick, okay? So, I don't remember what they were. The only thing that I remember is the one gesture that I made, talking about the height."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Title: | The Internet, Insurance, and Latin America |
Author: | Sinha, Tapen |
Abstract: | The increasingly rapid rate of change in technology has been accompanied by an increasingly rapid rate of consumer acceptance and the effects of this new technology on industry have been revolutionary. The main driver of the transition toward a more electronic future is, of course, cost reduction. The expense of information is dropping on two fronts simultaneously: the cost of storage and the cost of transmittal. As more and more people gain access to and use computers for transactions, these costs will continue to fall. |
Department: | IC2 Institute |
Subject: |
Latin America insurance |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2152/15200 |
Date: | 1999-12 |


text:
TV Info
Episode Premiere
May 02, 2012Distributor
Drama, ComedyShow Period
2009 - nowProduction Company
20th Century Fox Television, Picture Day Prod.Cast and Crew
Michael SpillerScreenwriter
Paul Corrigan, Brad WalshMain Cast
- Ed O'Neill as Jay Pritchett
- Sofia Vergara as Gloria Delgado-Pritchett
- Jesse Tyler Ferguson as Mitchell Pritchett
- Eric Stonestreet as Cameron Tucker
- Ty Burrell as Phil Dunphy
- Julie Bowen as Claire Dunphy
- Sarah Hyland as Haley Dunphy
- Rico Rodriguez as Manny Delgado
- Nolan Gould as Luke Dunphy
- Ariel Winter as Alex Dunphy
- Aubrey Anderson-Emmons
- David Cross as Duane Bailey
Additional Cast
- Kevin Hart as Andre
- Joseph Bonilla
- Scott Ferrara
Phil Dunphy is buying a new car. He's a little tired of leasing the same old sedan. Guess that's why he buys a snazzy new sports car after getting a little nudge from neighbor Andre (guest star Kevin Hart). All is well until they get home where everyone fears the wrath of Claire. Incredibly, the expected conniption fit never comes. Claire only voices her approval of the new vehicle in an understated, fear-inducing way.
Phil isn't sure what kind of game his wife is playing with him. There's no time to harp on her seemingly pent-up rage once he gets a call to transport some clients. Claire will gladly switch cars with her hubby as long as he picks up the kids while she runs some errands. Actually, the errands can wait. This particular sports car is better served for a drive up the coast to blow off some steam.
While driving the kids in the minivan, Phil overhears the scoop on what's happening in their lives. You can't get that kind of information tooling around in a two-seater. As for Claire, she cruises to nice peaceful spot on the beach. All of her stress completely disappears, as do her car keys in the sand. After Phil brings his wife the spare set, the two of them take a break from their busy lives to have some fun in the sun. They vow to do this more often. Phil later tries to sell the sports car to Andre, who knows his wife will never let him have it.
Jay is taking the family to Pebble Beach to meet up with a bunch of old football pals. He's kind of legend to those guys. Jay can't wait to get to the reunion. He even books a private jet for the trip. Too bad they end up driving because Gloria is afraid to fly in a device powered by rubber bands. Things get worse when car trouble strands them in the middle of nowhere. A local mechanic offers them an alternate form of transportation. It's an old-time military helicopter he restored himself. There's no way Gloria is riding in that thing either.
Jay wants to catch a train to the reunion. It wouldn't be a passenger train, so they need to prepare for a hobo-like adventure. Jay eventually lets Gloria know that his old football chums don't really see him as a legend. All that could change, however, once they meet his beautiful wife. Just like that, Gloria is inspired to get the family to Pebble Beach by any means necessary-even via an old-time military helicopter.
Mitchell and Cameron accidentally toss Lily's favorite stuffed bunny onto a departing subway car. Not good. The guys try their best figure out a way to get the bunny back. Mitchell's hesitant to put up "Missing" flyers with their phone number on it. Of course, if they do go that route, he prefers they not use the one with the photo of Lily holding her beloved stuffed pet. It makes it look like they're offering a $25 reward for their daughter.
Mitchell tries to fool Lily into thinking that bunny called to say she should find a new stuffed pal. He fails miserably. Mitch vows to make an effort to get bunny back since he's still feeling the sting of losing his Luke Skywalker doll as a kid. It was the one with the shorty robe, so it was special.
The guys tape bunny flyers all over the train station until they spot bunny in the distance. He's in the warm embrace of a homeless man. The desperate dads embark on an extraction effort that is aborted the moment the homeless guy hacks up a storm on the back of bunny's head. On the bright side, Cam finds Mitch a new shorty-robed Luke Skywalker online. Too bad Lily confiscates it immediately. The Force is strong with that one.


text:
Why?Because if it's good enough for Miranda Kerr, it's good enough for you.
Kawa has always been a little bit too cool for school; most of the hip and happening crowd that make it so hard to get a Crown Street side seat on any given day are wearing clothes, piercings and hairdos so trendy, they're not even in yet. But don't let that turn you off some good old-fashioned farmhouse style brekkie, salad-sandwichy type lunches, specials and baked treats. The tuna salad sandwich and the goats cheese salad are standouts, but leave room for Kawa's famous nut-studded slabs of moist brownie, frothed coconut cakes and white chocolate oat cookies that are all delectable odes to the beauty of butter. The poached pear and vanilla bean frappe or the range of fresh juices and smoothies make a nice change from a steady diet of long blacks. There's simply no way Kawa can't be good, because when Miranda or any other models actually decide it's time to ingest some food – they can often be seen doing it right here.
- Kawa
- 346 Crown St, Surry Hills
- Sydney
- (02) 9331 6811
- $$ Quality For Value
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text:
Malta Tax
Malta's tax system has been and remains an important factor in securing the country's steady and significant growth as a reputable financial services centre. The tax system was vetted thoroughly by the European Commission upon Malta's accession to the European Union and has since been approved as fully compliant with all requirements of EU law.
CSB Advocates provides a range of local and international clients with consultancy and advisory services addressing any aspects of domestic taxation and the Malta tax treatment of proposed structures or transactions of varying size and complexity. Our tax practice is regularly called upon to assist in high-level tax and estate planning and also to advise on the Malta tax implications of non-tax driven exercises involving corporate, trusts and other arrangements.
Services provided by our tax practice may include advice concerning:
- corporate and tax structuring
- the direct and indirect Malta tax implications of any proposed transaction or set of transactions;
- alternative structures or transactions which may be favourable in a given set of circumstances;
- the Malta fiscal aspects of Trusts and Foundations;
- estate planning;
- the Malta Permanent Residents Scheme and Returned Migrants Scheme;
- Malta VAT.
Features of Malta's tax system
- A full imputation system and a refundable tax credit system which typically substantially reduces the combined overall Malta effective tax rate otherwise applicable in respect of qualifying income or gains derived by a Malta company.
- An extensive and expanding double tax treaty network (currently comprising 59 double tax treaties in force).
- Access to the benefits of the EC Tax Directives.
- No Malta tax is generally levied or otherwise withheld on dividends distributed by a Malta company.
- No Malta tax is generally levied or otherwise withheld on outbound payments of interest or royalties.
- No Malta tax is generally levied on capital gains realised pursuant to a disposal of shares in a Malta company.
- Malta does not levy wealth or capital taxes.
For further information about how CSB Advocates can help you with your tax requirements kindly contact us on email@example.com


text:
FEATURED in CEE'S FUN VINTAGE TRANSPORTATION GROUP, in RETIRED AND HAPPY, in COLOUR ME NOTHING, in B&W PHOTOGRAPHY 4 YOU, in STRICTLY BLACK AND WHITE, in OLD FARTS OF REDBUBBLE, in REDBUBBLE BOOMERS and in BNW PHOTOGRAPHY
Details of a 1920's era Packard
100 VIEWS as of 05/10/2012
201 VIEWS as of 10/12/2012
526 VIEWS as of 07/30/2013
Amateur photographer and publisher of websites on my hometown , Normandy and of a photoblog on the Normandy Coast .
View Full ProfileGreat composition and balance in this shot.
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Please check out our Challenges
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Beautiful – love the composition and curves! There's a salmon pink one that looks like this in the National Packard Museum in Warren, Ohio, that I just love.
Gorgeous car, isn't it? Thank you for "driving" by.
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CONGRATULATIONS, on being the Challenge winner, this is an awesome shot, so deserving !
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text:
Hot ringtones on Audiko.net! Use an opportunity to download a free Demo ringtones for your iPhone or mobile. Specify your favorite trim from your favorite video - zoro 2, a, Солнышко в руках, or any other track. Then download the prepared Demo ringtones to your phone, and enjoy drum and bass music by Demo every time your phone rings. If you wig drum and bass or maybe Hip-Hop and Female music, then you will probably like Макsим, Reflex, or àééì âåìï as well. For all who want a free Demo ringtone, we also recommend listening to Russian Pop, Pop, and Electronic. We provide you with an option to obtain your track piece both in the MP3 and m4a formats, supported by both mobile phones and iPhones. Just select a track, and choose free Demo ringtones download option.
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text:
Baltimore City and Surrounding Area
Baltimore, the largest city in Maryland, is the center of a metropolitan area of 2.5 million people. Baltimore is a vital city long known for its ethnic neighborhoods and, more recently, for its innovations in the preservation and restoration of urban homes. The city is located on the Chesapeake Bay, and its picturesque Inner Harbor is the center of restaurant, shopping and business districts. The Inner Harbor is also the focus of one of the nation's most successful urban development programs. Baltimore is a city of contrasts; steel and glass skyscrapers that dominate the commercial district are only a short walk from residential neighborhoods that have maintained a small town charm. Many Baltimore residents live in the traditional Baltimore row homes that feature red brick exteriors and white marble steps, which the city is traditionally associated with.
Each wave of immigration to the United States has added to the character of Baltimore. People of many different ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds give the city a melting pot vitality that is reflected in the wide variety of restaurants, shops and ethnic festivals. Just a block from the Johns Hopkins Medical School is the newly renovated Northeast Market, one of seven city markets, with dozens of stalls that offer everything from Chesapeake Bay crabs to take-out Chinese food.
Baltimore also offers a rich cultural diet. Its symphony orchestra performs under the baton of Marin Alsop at the Meyerhoff Hall. The Peabody Conservatory of Music also hosts a concert series, as do several local universities. The city also supports many educational and cultural institutions, including the Maryland Science Center, Baltimore Opera Company, Center Stage, The Morris Mechanic Theater, Walters Art Gallery, the Baltimore Museum of Art, several repertory theaters, over a dozen museums, and excellent bookstores. For lighter entertainment, there are the National Aquarium and Maryland Zoo in Baltimore. Baltimore is also home to the new Columbus Center, a much heralded institution for the study of marine biotechnology and archaeology with an impressive exhibition hall.
The Baltimore public library, with a book collection of 2,250,000 volumes, is considered one of the best in the country. There are more than 70 accredited institutions of higher education in the Baltimore-Washington area. The cultural opportunities of Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York are easily reached by car or train.
Baltimore has long been a devoted sports town. In its history, Baltimore has been the birthplace of baseball legend Babe Ruth and the home of the 1958 NFL champion Baltimore Colts. That sports excellence has extended to today with Cal Ripken breaking Lou Gehrig's "Streak" in 1995 and the Baltimore Ravens claiming the 2000 and 2012 Super Bowl Championships. Current sports teams include: Baltimore Ravens (football), Baltimore Orioles (baseball), Baltimore Mariners (Indoor Football), Baltimore Burn (women's football), Baltimore Nighthawks (women's football), Baltimore Blast (soccer), and the Charm City Roller Girls (Flat Track Derby).
College sports are a hit in this city as well. Johns Hopkins, home of the 2007 NCAA division I champion Lacrosse team, has won 44 lacrosse national titles. The Lacrosse Museum and National Hall of Fame is located on the Johns Hopkins Homewood Campus. There are many other Division III teams in the area that play a variety of sports.
Here at the Medical School, the focus of athletic activities is the Denton A. Cooley Athletic Center. They offer free membership to graduate students at both the Bloomberg School of Public Health and Reed Hall locations. The Reed Hall complex offers a full sized gymnasium with indoor track, squash and racquetball courts, free and machine weights, and saunas and Jacuzzis. They also offer a variety of fitness classes and personal trainers. The Bloomberg School of Public Health facility has many machines, bikes, treadmills and other new exercise equipment.
The state of Maryland has an unusual topography. It offers mountains to the west, beaches to the east, and everything in-between. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and offers a wide range of recreational options from swimming to hiking to fishing/crabbing. There are plenty of parks in the Maryland area including: Appalachian Trail, Deep Creek Lake, Elk Neck State Park, Rocks State Park, and Swallow Falls Park. Sun, surf, and sand can be found at Ocean City Maryland, a great family friendly resort/beach town on the Atlantic. Maryland is also just a short trip to Washington, D.C. home to a multitude of free public museums and the National Zoo.
The Housing Office is situated on the Johns Hopkins Medical Campus to assist students, housestaff, postdoctoral fellows, staff and faculty for the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and School of Nursing with their off-campus accommodations. Although the Housing Office's primary focus is on student needs, we are happy to assist faculty staff looking to move or relocate in the Baltimore area.
To better assist you with your search in finding the perfect home, the JHMI Housing website was created to help you find affordable and safe housing in the Baltimore area as well as answer many other questions you may have about Baltimore, student life, roommate finder, furniture for sale, carpools, hotels, daycare, transportation information, school systems in the city and surrounding counties, as well as other useful resources. The Housing Office also provides personal consultations if you require additional assistance.
Child Care
Graduate students can enroll their children in the Johns Hopkins Child Care and Early Learning Center, which offers full- and part-time care for children ages 6 weeks through preschool. Financial assistance and scholarships are available.
Another resource:


text:
Britney's Back at Bandera; Gerard Butler Eats Quesadillas at The Hard Rock
Celebrities rally around L.A.'s chain restaurants.
READ MORE »Celebrities rally around L.A.'s chain restaurants.
READ MORE »And the High Line gets its own fragrance by Bond No. 9.
READ MORE »Avril's like, "But I want to be in the movie!"
READ MORE »She's so sad about Alexander McQueen's death, she will only wear black onstage in London.
READ MORE »Today's teenagers' answer to the 'Romeo + Juliet'soundtrack, maybe?
READ MORE »The two judges prove a study in contrasts. Guess who's the snotty one?
READ MORE »Look how many celebrities despise acne!
READ MORE »And more tales of shocking and not-so-shocking celebrity behavior, in our daily gossip roundup.
READ MORE »Hollywood fathers, lock up your daughters.
READ MORE »Checking out Avril Lavigne's latest collection for Kohl's, of course!
READ MORE »Like the Yankees aren't getting enough these days.
READ MORE »Plus, the anti-aging properties of breast milk.
READ MORE »And Avril's new fragrance campaign packs a punch.
READ MORE »Pop singer Fergie is rumored to be planning a performance at the White House, plus the rest of today's gossip.
READ MORE »Government regulations stipulate female performers must cover themselves from the top of the chest to the knees.
READ MORE »It's the plague that never ends: celebrity fashion lines.
READ MORE »It seems response has been slow to Lavigne's suspenders tee, lightning-bolt Capris, and leopard tank. Go figure.
READ MORE »Avril Lavigne's new clothing line hits stores this month, but she's not very convincing in the new video promoting it.
READ MORE »Avril Lavigne's fragrance will come out fall '09, Lauren Conrad has hair extensions, and Vietnam is the most attractive market for beauty products.


text:
Details This will be one of your busiest tools! The durable plastic socket fits most guitar tuners, making restringing faster and easier. The 1/4" hex stem fits your cordless screwdriver or socket driver. It's a real time-saver.
Faible qualitT By Kl3mko from FRANCE (Customer's Reviews) Monday, May 12, 2014 TrFs dTtu par cette fabrication trFs cheap ...
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Total population | |||||||||||||||||||||
7 million | |||||||||||||||||||||
Regions with significant populations | |||||||||||||||||||||
Finland approx. 5,100,000[1]
United States | 700,000[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sweden | 470,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Canada | 265,215[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Russia | 127,600 (with all Karelians)[4] 34,300 (with Ingrian Finns) |
Brazil | 98,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Australia | 30,359[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Germany | 16,000 (in 2002)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Norway | 15,000-60,000 (including Forest Finns and Kvens)[7][8] |
United Kingdom | 11,228[9] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Estonia | 11,000[10] | ||||||||||||||||||||
France | 6,000 (in 2005)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spain | 5,000 (in 2001)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Switzerland | 2,656 (in 2002)[11] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Netherlands | 2,087 (in 2006)[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Denmark | 2,084 (in 2002)[11] | ||||||||||||||||||||
UAE | 900 (in 2010)[13] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ireland | 898 (in 2011) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Serbia |
656 (in 2013) [14] |
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish, English, Swedish, Russian | |||||||||||||||||||||
Religion | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Suomenusko, Roman Catholicism, Agnosticism and Atheism. |
Related ethnic groups | |||||||||||||||||||||
Estonians, Karelians |
The terms Finns and Finnish people (Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finnar) may refer in English to ethnic Finns, not including other ethnic groups in Finland, such as Finland Swedes and Russians in Finland.[15][16] In contrast to this definition, the term Finns may also refer to all inhabitants of Finland, regardless of their ethnic affiliation, i.e. also Somalis in Finland. This article is about ethnic Finns. For other ethnic groups living in Finland, please refer to Demographics of Finland.
The group ethnic Finns includes smaller groups in several countries, some of which are native to these countries and some which have immigrated there. The groups that are native to their countries include the Baltic Finns of Finland and smaller native populations in neighboring countries include the Kvens in Norway, the Tornedalians of Sweden, and the Ingrian Finns of Russia. The groups that have immigrated to their respective countries include the Finnish-speaking population of Sweden and groups in the United States, Canada, Brazil and Australia.
Finnish, the language spoken by most Baltic Finns, is closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Estonian and Karelian. The Finnic languages are a subgroup to the Uralic family of languages, which also includes Hungarian. These languages are markedly different from most other languages spoken in Europe, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages.
Native Finns can be divided according to dialect into subgroups sometimes called heimo (lit. tribe), although such divisions have become less important due to internal migration.
The Population Register Centre maintains information on the birthplace, citizenship and mother tongue of the people living in Finland, but does not specifically categorize any as Finns by ethnicity.[17]
Baltic FinnsEdit
The majority of people living in the Republic of Finland consider Finnish to be their first language. According to Statistics Finland, of the country's total population of 5,300,484 at the end of 2007, 91.2% (or 4,836,183) considered Finnish to be their native language.[18] It is not known how many of the ethnic Finns living outside Finland speak Finnish as their first language.
In addition to the Finnish-speaking inhabitants of Finland, the Kvens (people of Finnish descent in Norway),the Tornedalians (people of Finnish descent in northernmost Sweden), and the Karelians in the historic Finnish province of Karelia and Evangelical Lutheran Ingrian Finns (both in the northwestern Russian Federation), as well as Finnish expatriates in various countries, are Baltic Finns.
Finns have been traditionally divided into sub-groups (heimot in Finnish) along regional, dialectical or ethnographical lines. These subgroups include the people of Finland Proper (varsinaissuomalaiset), Satakunta (satakuntalaiset), Tavastia (hämäläiset), Savo (savolaiset), Karelia (karjalaiset) and Ostrobothnia (pohjalaiset). These sub-groups express regional self-identity with varying frequency and significance.
There are a number of distinct dialects (murre s. murteet pl. in Finnish) of the Finnish language spoken in Finland, although the exclusive use of the standard Finnish (yleiskieli)—both in its formal written (kirjakieli) and more casual spoken (puhekieli) form—in Finnish schools, in the media, and in popular culture, along with internal migration and urbanization, have considerably diminished the use of regional varieties, especially since the middle of the 20th century. Historically, there were three dialects: the South-Western (Lounaismurteet), Tavastian (Hämeen murre), and Karelian (Karjalan murre). These and neighboring languages mixed with each other in various ways as the population spread out, and evolved into the Southern Ostrobothnian (Etelä-Pohjanmaan murre), Central Ostrobothnian (Keski-Pohjanmaan murre), Northern Ostrobothnian (Pohjois-Pohjanmaan murre), Far-Northern (Peräpohjolan murre), Savonian (Savon murre), and South-Eastern (Kaakkois-Suomen murteet) aka South Karelian (Karjalan murre) dialects.
Sweden FinnsEdit
The Sweden Finns are either native to Sweden or have emigrated from Finland to Sweden. An estimated 450,000 first- or second-generation immigrants from Finland live in Sweden, of which approximately half speak Finnish. The majority moved from Finland to Sweden following the Second World War, taking advantage of the rapidly expanding Swedish economy. This emigration peaked in 1970 and has been declining since. There are also native Finnish-speaking minorities in Sweden, e.g. the Tornedalingar (Meänmaa Finns) and the Finns of Dalecarlia. The Finnish language has official status as one of five minority languages in Sweden.[19]
Other groupsEdit
The term Finns is also used for other Finnic peoples, including Izhorians in Ingria, Karelians in Karelia and Veps in the former Veps National Volost, all in Russia. Among these groups, the Karelians is the most populous one, followed by the Ingrians. According to a 2002 census, it was found that these have refused their distinct Ingrian identity and identifiied themselves as ethnic Finns.[20]
The Finnish term for Finns is suomalaiset (sing. suomalainen).
It is a matter of debate how best to designate the Finnish-speakers of Sweden, most of whom have immigrated to Sweden from Finland. Terms used include Sweden Finns and Finnish Swedes, sometimes a distinction is also made between Finnish immigrants and the indigenous Finnish ethnic minority in Sweden.[21]
Historical references to Northern Europe are scarce, and the names given to its peoples and geographic regions are obscure. Therefore, the etymologies of the names remain equally sketchy. Such names as Fenni, Phinnoi, Finnum, and Skrithfinni / Scridefinnum appear in a few written texts starting from about two millennia ago in association with peoples located in a northern part of Europe, but the real meaning of these terms is debatable. The earliest mentions of this kind are usually interpreted to have meant Fennoscandian hunter-gatherers whose closest successors in modern terms would be the Sami people.[22] It has been suggested that this non-Uralic ethnonym is of Germanic language origin and related to such words as finthan (Old High German) 'find', 'notice'; fanthian (Old High German) 'check', 'try'; and fendo (Old High German) and vende (Old Middle German) 'pedestrian', 'wanderer'.[23] Another etymological interpretation associates this ethnonym with fen in a more toponymical approach. Yet another theory postulates that the words finn and kven are cognates. The Icelandic Eddas and Norse sagas (11th to 14th centuries), some of the oldest written sources probably originating from the closest proximity, use words like finnr and finnas inconsistently. However, most of the time they seem to mean northern dwellers with a mobile life style.
An etymological link between the Sami and the Finns exists in modern Uralic languages as well. It has been proposed that e.g. the toponyms Sapmi (Sami for Lapland), Suomi (Finnish for Finland), and Häme (Finnish for Tavastia) are of the same origin,[23] the source of which might be related to the proto-Baltic word *žeme / Slavic земля (zemlja) meaning 'land'.[23] It has been proposed that these designations started to mean specifically people in Southwestern Finland (Finland Proper, Varsinais-Suomi) and later the whole area of modern Finland. But it is not known how, why, and when this occurred.
Petri Kallio has suggested that the name 'Suomi' may bear even earlier Indo-European echoes with the original meaning of either "land" or "human".[24]
Among the first written documents possibly designating western Finland as the land of Finns are two rune stones. One of these is in Söderby, Sweden, with the inscription finlont (U 582 †), and the other is in Gotland, a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea, with the inscription finlandi (G 319 M) dating from the 11th century.[25]
With regard to the ancestry of the Finnish people, the modern view emphasizes the overall continuity in Finland's archeological finds[26] and (earlier more obvious) linguistic surroundings. Archeological data suggest the spreading of at least cultural influences from many sources ranging from the south-east to the south-west following gradual developments rather than clear-cut migrations.
Just as uncertain are the possible mediators and the timelines for the development of the Uralic majority language of the Finns. On the basis of comparative linguistics, it has been suggested that the separation of the Finnic and the Sami languages took place during the 2nd millennium BC, and that the Proto-Uralic roots of the entire language group date from about the 6th to the 8th millennium BC. When the Uralic languages were first spoken in the area of contemporary Finland is debated, but current opinion leans towards the Stone Age.[26][not in citation given] It is thought, however, that Proto-Finnic (the proto-language of the Finnic languages) was not spoken in modern Finland, because the maximum divergence of the daughter languages occurs in modern-day Estonia. Therefore, Finnish was already a separate language when arriving in Finland. Furthermore, the traditional Finnish lexicon has a large number of words (about one-third) without a known etymology, hinting at the existence of a disappeared Paleo-European language; these include toponyms such as niemi "peninsula". A gradual displacement of the Sami people by Finns has continued to this day; toponyms suggest that the Sami lived in all of Finland in prehistory, and up to the 17th century, Finnish was not widely spoken in the north (Lapland).
Because the Finnish language itself reached a written form only in the 16th century, little primary data remains of early Finnish life. For example, the origins of such cultural icons as the sauna, the kantele (an instrument of the zither family), and the Kalevala (national epic) have remained rather obscure.
Agriculture supplemented by fishing and hunting has been the traditional livelihood among Finns. Slash-and-burn agriculture was practiced in the forest-covered east by Eastern Finns up to the 19th century. Agriculture, along with the language, distinguishes Finns from the Sami, who retained the hunter-gatherer lifestyle longer and moved to coastal fishing and reindeer herding. Following industrialization and modernization of Finland, most Finns were urbanized and employed in modern service and manufacturing occupations, with agriculture becoming a minor employer (see Economy of Finland). Western and southern coastal regions and islands have concentrations of the Finland-Swedish. Differences in occupational structure between this minority and the rest are minor in modern times. Nevertheless, the most Swedish occupation is still fisherman.
Finland's Swedish speakers descend from peasants and fishermen who settled coastal Finland ca. 1000–1250,[27] from the subsequent immigration during Swedish sovereignty over Finland,[28] and from Finns and immigrants who adopted the Swedish language.[27] Fennomania in the 19th and early 20th century led to some minor language change into Finnish, but this was of little consequence in comparison to ordinary demographic trends, which reduced the proportion of Swedish-speakers during the entire 20th century from 12.9% (1900) to 5.6% (2003).
Baltic Finns are traditionally assumed to originate from two different populations speaking different dialects of Proto-Finnic (kantasuomi). Thus, a division into West Finnish and East Finnish is made. Further, there are subgroups, traditionally called heimo,[29][30] according to dialects and local culture. Although ostensibly based on late Iron Age settlement patterns, the heimos have been constructed according to dialect during the rise of nationalism in the 19th century.
- Western[31]
- Häme: Tavastians or Häme people (hämäläiset)
- Ostrobothnia: Ostrobothnians (pohjalaiset)
- Southern Ostrobothnians (eteläpohjalaiset) have a particularly distinct identity and dialect
- Central Ostrobothnians (keskipohjalaiset)
- Northern Ostrobothnians (pohjoispohjalaiset)
- Norrbotten, Sweden: speakers of Meänkieli, a Far Northern dialect of Finnish
- Southwestern Finland: varsinaissuomalaiset
- Eastern
- Ingria: Ingrian Finns (inkerinsuomalaiset)
- Karelia: Karelian Finns (karjalaiset); Karelian dialects of Finnish are distinct from the Karelian language spoken in Russia, and most of Northern Karelia actually speak Savonian dialects
- Savo: Savonian people (savolaiset), speak the Savo dialect
- Emigrants
- Forest Finns (Metsäsuomalaiset) of Sweden
- Finnish immigrants to Sweden (ruotsinsuomalaiset)
- Kvens (kveenit) of Finnmark, Norway
- Other emigrant Finns (ulkosuomalaiset)
- Swedish-speakers also have several dialectal subdivisions.
The historical provinces of Finland and Sweden can be seen to approximate some of these divisions. The regions of Finland, another remnant of a past governing system, can be seen to reflect a further manifestation of a local identity.
Today's (urbanized) Finns are not usually aware of the concept of 'heimo' nor do they typically identify with one (except maybe Southern Ostrobothnians), although the use of dialects has experienced a recent revival. Urbanized Finns do not necessarily know a particular dialect and tend to use standard Finnish or city slang but they may switch to a dialect when visiting their native area.
Recently, the use of mitochondrial "mtDNA" (female lineage) and Y-chromosomal "Y-DNA" (male lineage) DNA-markers in tracing back the history of human populations has been started. For the paternal and maternal genetic lineages of Finnish people and other peoples, see, e.g., the National Geographic Genographic Project and the Suomi DNA-projekti. Haplogroup U5 is estimated to be the oldest mtDNA haplogroup in Europe and is found in the whole of Europe at a low frequency, but seems to be found in significantly higher levels among Finns, Estonians and the Sami people.[32] Of modern nationalities, Finns are closest to Cro-Magnons in terms of anthropological measurements.[33]
With regard to the Y-chromosome, the most common haplogroups of the Finns are N1c (61%), I (29%), R1a (5%) and R1b (3.5%).[34] Haplogroup N1c, which is found only in a few countries in Europe (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland and Russia), is a subgroup of the haplogroup N (Y-DNA) distributed across northern Eurasia and estimated in a recent study to be 10,000–20,000 years old and suggested to have entered Europe about 12,000–14,000 years ago from Asia.[35]
Variation within Finns is, according to fixation index (FST) values, greater than anywhere else in Europe. Greatest intra-Finnish FST distance is about 60, greatest intra-Swedish FST distance about 25.[36][37] FST distances between for example Germans, French and Hungarians is only 10, and between Estonians, Russians and Poles it is also 10.[38] Thus Finns from different parts of the country are more remote from each other genetically compared to many European peoples between themselves.[39] The closest genetic relatives for Finns are Estonians (FST to Helsinki 40 and to Kuusamo 90) and Swedes (FST to Helsinki 50 and to Kuusamo 100). The Fst values given here are actual values multiplied by 10000.
Finns show very little if any Mediterranean and African genes but on the other hand almost 10% of Finnish genes seem to be shared with Siberian populations. Nevertheless more than 80% of Finnish genes are from a single ancient Northeastern European population, while most Europeans are a mixture of 3 or more principal components.[40]
Theories of the origins of ethnic FinnsEdit
In the 19th century, the Finnish researcher Matthias Castrén prevailed with the theory that "the original home of Finns" was in west-central Siberia.[41]
Until the 1970s, most linguists believed that Finns arrived in Finland as late as the first centuries AD. But accumulating archaeological data suggested that the area of contemporary Finland had been inhabited continuously since the end of the ice age, contrary to the earlier idea that the area had experienced long uninhabited intervals. The hunter-gatherer Sami were pushed into the more remote northern regions.[42]
A hugely controversial theory is so-called refugia. This was proposed in the 1990s by Kalevi Wiik, a professor emeritus of phonetics at the University of Turku. According to this theory, Finno-Ugric speakers spread north as the Ice age ended. They populated central and northern Europe, while Basque speakers populated western Europe. As agriculture spread from the southeast into Europe, the Indo-European languages spread among the hunter-gatherers. In this process, both the hunter-gatherers speaking Finno-Ugric and those speaking Basque learned how to cultivate land and became Indo-Europeanized. According to Wiik, this is how the Celtic, Germanic, Slavic, and Baltic languages were formed. The linguistic ancestors of modern Finns did not switch their language due to their isolated location.[43] The main supporters of Wiik's theory are Professor Ago Künnap (Univ. of Tartu), Professor Kyösti Julku (Univ. of Oulu) and Associate Professor Angela Marcantonio (Univ. of Rome). Wiik has not presented his theories in peer-reviewed scientific publications. Many scholars in Finno-Ugrian studies have strongly criticized the theory. Especially Professor Raimo Anttila, Petri Kallio and brothers Ante and Aslak Aikio have renounced Wiik's theory with strong words, hinting strongly to pseudoscience and even at right-wing political biases among Wiik's supporters.[42][44] Moreover, some dismissed the entire idea of refugia, due to the existence even today of arctic and subarctic peoples. The most heated debate took place in the Finnish journal Kaltio during autumn 2002. Since then, the debate has calmed, each side retaining their positions.[45] While the refugium theory proved unpopular among Finns, substantial genotype analyses across the greater European genetic landscape have mostly confirmed the Last Glacial Maximum refugiums to be correct and have substantial backing of the greater scientific community.[46][47][48][49][50] But this does not in anyway corroborate or prove that these 'refugia' spoke Uralic/Finnic, as it belies wholly independent variables that are not necessarily coeval (i.e. language spreads and genetic expansions can occur independently, at different times and in different directions).
See alsoEdit
- ^ "Tilastokeskus". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Ancestry 2000 By Angela Brittingham and G. Patricia de la Cruz
- ^ Statistics Canada. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Äåìîñêîï Weekly - Ïðèëîæåíèå. Ñïðàâî÷íèê ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé.". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Australian Government - Department of Immigration and Border Protection. "Finnish Australians". Retrieved 16 January 2014.
- ^ a b c Euroopassa asuneet Suomen kansalaiset maittain 1971-2002. Retrieved 11-21-2007. (Finnish)
- ^ St.meld. nr. 15 (2000-2001) " http://odin.dep.no/krd/norsk/dok/regpubl/stmeld/016001-040003/hov005-bn.html Om nasjonale minoriteter i Norge
- ^ Saressalo, L. (1996), Kveenit. Tutkimus erään pohjoisnorjalaisen vähemmistön identiteetistä. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia, 638. Helsinki.
- ^ "Born Abroad: Finland". BBC News. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
- ^ Population Statistics, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2007
- ^ a b Institute of Migration
- ^ "Suomen suurlähetystö, Haag : Tietoa Alankomaista : Kahdenväliset suhteet". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Embassy - Embassy of Finland, Abu Dhabi : Embassy". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ http://www.cso.ie/en/statistics/population/personsusuallyresidentandpresentinthestateoncensusnightclassifiedbynationalityandagegroup/
- ^ "Finn noun" The Oxford Dictionary of English (revised edition). Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Tampere University of Technology. 3 August 2007 [1]
- ^ Anne Ollila (1 September 1998). "Perspectives to Finnish Identity". Scandinavian Journal of History 23 (3–4): 127–137. doi:10.1080/03468759850115918. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
- ^ Annual population statistics of Finland.
- ^ "Statistics Finland". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Kultur & Fritid". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Êîìè íàðîä / Ôèííî-óãðû / Íàðîäû / Ôèííû-èíãåðìàíëàíäöû". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Traditionally, immigrants were described in English and most other languages by an adjective indicating the new country of residence and a noun indicating their country of origin or their ethnic group. The term "Sweden Finns" corresponds to this naming method. Immigrants to the U.S. have, however, always been designated the "other way around" by an adjective indicating the ethnic or national origin and a noun indicating the new country of residence, for example "Finnish Americans" (never "American Finns"). The term "Finnish Swedes" corresponds to this more modern naming method that is increasingly used in most countries and languages because it emphasises the status as full and equal citizens of the new country while providing information about cultural roots. (For more information about these different naming methods see Swedish-speaking Finns.) Other possible modern terms are "Finnish ethnic minority in Sweden" and "Finnish immigrants". These may be preferable because they make a clear distinction between these two very different population groups for which use of a single term is questionable and because "Finnish Swedes" is often used like "Finland Swedes" to mean "Swedish-speaking Finns". It should perhaps also be pointed out that many Finnish and Swedish speakers are unaware that the English word "Finn" elsewhere than in this article usually means "a native or inhabitant of Finland" ([2], [3], [4]) and only sometimes also has the meaning "a member of a people speaking Finnish or a Finnic language" or has this as its primary but not exclusive meaning.[5]. Archived 2009-10-31.
- ^ "Sámi fly their flag in Helsinki". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ a b c "Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Kallio, Petri 1998: Suomi(ttavia etymologioita) – Virittäjä 4 / 1998.
- ^ http://vesta.narc.fi/cgi-bin/db2www/fmu/tiedot?b_id=10&language=fin
- ^ a b "Error 404 - thisisFINLAND". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ a b http://www.folktinget.fi/pdf/publikationer/SwedishInF.pdf
- ^ "Main outlines of Finnish history - thisisFINLAND". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Heimo is often mistranslated as "tribe", but a heimo is a dialectal and cultural kinship rather than a genetic kinship, and represents a much larger and disassociated group of people. Suomalaiset heimot. From the book Hänninen, K. Kansakoulun maantieto ja kotiseutuoppi yksiopettajaisia kouluja varten. Osakeyhtiö Valistus, Raittiuskansan Kirjapaino Oy, Helsinki 1929, neljäs painos. The excerpt from a 1929 school book shows the generalized concept. Retrieved 1-13-2008. (Finnish)
- ^ Sedergren, J (2002) Evakko – elokuva ja romaani karjalaispakolaisista. Ennen & nyt 3/2002. Retrieved 1-13-2008. (Finnish) The reference is a movie review, which however discusses the cultural phenomenon of the evacuation of Finnish Karelia using and analyzing the heimo concept rather generally.
- ^ Topelius, Z. (1876) Maamme kirja. Lukukirja alimmaisille oppilaitoksille Suomessa. Toinen jakso. Suom. Johannes Bäckvall. (Finnish) Retrieved 13-1-2008. (Finnish) Pp. 187 onwards shows the stereotypical generalizations of the heimos listed here.
- ^ The Genographic Project at National Geographic
- ^ Niskanen, Markku. "The Origin of the Baltic-Finns from the Physical Anthropological Point of View" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-06-23.
- ^ (N3=312/536), Lappalainen, T; Koivumäki, S; Salmela, E; Huoponen, K; Sistonen, P; Savontaus, M. L.; Lahermo, P (2006). "Regional differences among the Finns: A Y-chromosomal perspective". Gene 376 (2): 207–15. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.03.004. PMID 16644145.
- ^ [6] "WebCite query result"] (PDF). Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Salmela et al. (2011). "Swedish Population Substructure Revealed by Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Data". PLoS ONE 6 (2): e16747. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016747.
- ^ Jakkula et al. (2008). "The Genome-wide Patterns of Variation Expose Significant Substructure in a Founder Population". The American Journal of Human Genetics 83.
- ^ Nelis et al. (2009). "Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North-East". PLoS ONE 5: e5472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472. PMC 2675054. PMID 19424496.
- ^ Häkkinen, Jaakko 2011: Seven Finnish populations: the greatest intranational substructure in Europe. [7]
- ^ [8][dead link]
- ^ (Finnish) Lehikoinen, L. (1986) D.E.D Europaeus kirjasuomen kehittäjänä ja tutkijana. Virittäjä, 1986, 178–202. with German abstract. Retrieved 1-8-2008.
- ^ a b Aikio, A & Aikio, A. (2001). Heimovaelluksista jatkuvuuteen – suomalaisen väestöhistorian tutkimuksen pirstoutuminen. Muinaistutkija 4/2001. (Finnish) Retrieved 1-7-2008
- ^ "Kaltio - Pohjoinen kulttuurilehti - Uusin kaltio". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ "Kaltio - Pohjoinen kulttuurilehti - Uusin kaltio". Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ The debate (in Finnish) is accessible in Kaltio's website. Retrieved 1-7-2008.
- ^ Semino O, Passarino G, Oefner PJ, Lin AA, Arbuzova S, Beckman LE, De Benedictis G, Francalacci P, Kouvatsi A, Limborska S, Marcikiae M, Mika A, Mika B, Primorac D, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA (10 November 2000). "The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective.". Science 290 (5494): 1155–9. doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155. PMID 11073453.
- ^ Malaspina P, Cruciani F, Santolamazza P, Torroni A, Pangrazio A, Akar N, Bakalli V, Brdicka R, Jaruzelska J, Kozlov A, Malyarchuk B, Mehdi SQ, Michalodimitrakis E, Varesi L, Memmi MM, Vona G, Villems R, Parik J, Romano V, Stefan M, Stenico M, Terrenato L, Novelletto A, Scozzari R (September 2000). "Patterns of male-specific inter-population divergence in Europe, West Asia and North Africa". Ann Hum Genet. 64(Pt 5): 395–412.
- ^ Torroni, Antonio, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Vincent Macaulay, Martin Richards, Fulvio Cruciani, Chiara Rengo, Vicente Martinez-Cabrera et al. (2001). "A signal, from human mtDNA, of postglacial recolonization in Europe". American Journal of Human Genetics 69 (4): 844–52. doi:10.1086/323485. PMC 1226069. PMID 11517423.
- ^ Achilli, Alessandro, Chiara Rengo, Chiara Magri, Vincenza Battaglia, Anna Olivieri, Rosaria Scozzari, Fulvio Cruciani et al. (2004). "The molecular dissection of mtDNA haplogroup H confirms that the Franco-Cantabrian glacial refuge was a major source for the European gene pool". The American Journal of Human Genetics 75 (5): 910–918. doi:10.1086/425590. PMC 1182122. PMID 15382008.
- ^ Pala, Maria, Anna Olivieri, Alessandro Achilli, Matteo Accetturo, Ene Metspalu, Maere Reidla, Erika Tamm et al. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA Signals of Late Glacial Recolonization of Europe from Near Eastern Refugia". The American Journal of Human Genetics 90 (5): 915–924. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.04.003.


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Featuring a classic sleigh inspired design, crafted of stylish wood product construction, with a beautiful non-toxic finish. Add a rich sophistication to your toddler's bedroom with this piece, available in a variety of attractive finishes. The Toddler Bed holds a standard size crib mattress, accommodates up to 50 pounds and comes with a safety rail. Set-up this beautiful bed for your adorable toddler effortlessly with the easy to follow directions. Complete your little darling's big kid bedroom look by adding a Stork Craft chest, dresser, child's rocker, glider or rocking horse.
Specifications | Length | Width | Height |
Assembled Dimensions (in) | 57 | 29.25 | 28 |
Packaged Dimensions (in) | 56 | 31.50 | 4 |
Volume (cu. ft.) | Weight (lbs) |


text:
It's February, and you know what that means? A new healthy eating goal! Last month, we focused on simply reducing the number of times we ate out. How did you do? Did you meet your goal?
This month we are going to specificially focus on breakfast. They say it's the most important meal of the day. Not only does this mean that you should not skip breakfast, but it means that you should have a good breakfast. No faux food that enters your car through a window. No time? Have a smoothie! I discovered smoothies more than twenty years ago when we lived in Hawaii. At that time, I made this smoothie with pineapple juice. Today I usually use my homemade goat milk yogurt.
This recipe is incredibly easy to use for one, two, or three servings. Just put everything in the blender, and blend!
For each serving, pour in one cup of plain yogurt
(This is two cups because I'm making two servings.)
Add one banana for each serving.
Add about 10 frozen strawberries for each serving.
Normally I'll also throw in a tablespoon of flax seeds, but I ran out yesterday! If you're used to sweet things, you might want to add a little honey or maple syrup, but I love it with no added sweetener.
And once it's blended, drink up!
What are some of your favorite smoothie combinations?
Want to be more self-reliant, grow your own food, make things from scratch, and live a cheaper, greener, happier, healthier life? Well, sit back and start reading! You've reached the online home of Deborah Niemann, author of Homegrown & Handmade, Ecothrifty, and Raising Goats Naturally.
Friday, February 1, 2013
1 comment:
I'll make smoothies with just water and frozen fruit in order to pack in some of my "5 a day" recommendation easier. More often I've been adding greens to those fruit smoothies, too, so I get even more nutrients. If I'm making a smoothie that is creamy and dairy-like, peanut butter and banana is one of my favorites.
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Fabrication and interfacing of nanochannel devices for single-molecule studies
Hoang, T.H. and Segers-Nolten, I.M. and Berenschot, J.W. and Boer, M.J. de and Tas, N.R. and Haneveld, J. and Elwenspoek, M.C. (2009) Fabrication and interfacing of nanochannel devices for single-molecule studies. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 19 (065017). 065017. ISSN 0960-1317
Abstract: | Nanochannel devices have been fabricated using standard micromachining techniques such as optical lithography, deposition and etching. 1D nanochannels with thin glass capping and through-wafer inlet/outlet ports were constructed. 2D nanochannels have been made transparent by oxidation of polysilicon channel wall for optical detection and these fragile channels were successfully connected to macro inlet ports. The interfacing from the macro world to the nanochannels was especially designed for optical observation of filling liquid inside nanochannels using an inverted microscope. Toward single-molecule studies, individual quantum dots were visualized in 150 nm height 1D nanochannels. The potential of 2D nanochannels for single-molecule studies was shown from a filling experiment with a fluorescent dye solution. |
Item Type: | Article |
Copyright: | © 2009 IOP Publishing |
Faculty: | Science and Technology (TNW) Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) |
Research Group: | |
Link to this item: | http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/67993 |
Official URL: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/19/6/065017 |
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Metis ID: 264034


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[DEPRECATED]Inspecting the Ruins
This quest was marked obsolete by Blizzard and cannot be obtained or completed. Speak to Inspector Tarem at the Shady Rest Inn.Description
Poor James never recovered from the destruction of the Shady Rest and the murder of his family. The boys and I are doing what we can to find the monsters who did this.I've sent our best investigator, Inspector Tarem, out to the ruins, but this is too big a job for any one man. If you'd lend Tarem a hand, we'd appreciate it. Light knows, we'd all like to be out there helping.
The main road will lead you to the inn, but take care. Your journey will take you beyond the protection of my soldiers.
The following spell will be cast on you:Reflective Dust |
Upon completion of this quest you will gain:- 330 experience


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Apr 27, 2013 1:54 PM
JCM5k & jcm4kids' 1k Fun Run Reviews
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Results for "but can it fit in a coffee mug like a cat?"
24-year old inventor Dominic Hargreaves has designed and built a bike that folds up to the size of the bike's wheels. Not as impressive as a bike that folds up into its own squeaky horn, BUT NOT EVERYONE IS THIS GENIUS. "I couldn't find a folding bicycle I liked...I wanted so... / Continue →


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Earning first-team honors in Class 2 for the Kelly Lady Hawks was Casey Kern, as an infielder, while Sarah Ruff was named to the second team as an outfielder.
"Casey (Kern) has worked really hard this season after going through shoulder surgery," Kelly head coach Rhonda Ratledge said. "This is her first time to make it. She was among the top 35 out of 900 possible players."
"She worked really hard," she added. "And, she was at every practice after going through the surgery. She's a really smart player."
Ruff, the Lady Hawks vocal leader on the squad, was controlling the outfield in every game, making spectacular catches in several of the Lady Hawks games in the push towards their third-place finish in state.
"Sarah (Ruff) made the team last year as an outfielder too," Ratledge said. "Being a senior, it's a big honor. Sarah just thought it was great."
"It's great to have girls on the All-State team every year," she added. Making the cut in Class 1 were two players from the Oran Lady Eagles, Callie Kielhofner and Jodi Urhahn.
Kielhofner, a second-team selection, was honored as a pitcher, while leading the Lady Eagles to 12 victories of her 15 starts.
"We depended a lot on Callie (Kielhofner)," Oran head coach Sara Heisserer said. "She was by far our best pitcher."
As for Urhahn, she made the cut as a second-team infielder, helping lead the Oran Lady Eagles both offensively and defensively.
"Jodi (Urhahn) was our leadoff hitter," Heisserer said. "She was one of our team captains. The other was Callie. She (Urhahn) had a good bat and a good year for us."
"With them leaving, it leaves some big shoes to fill," she added. "We knew we could count on both of them."


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Forum Rules


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"Entrepreneurship policy: Trade-offs and impact in the EU"
Publication: Research - peer-review › Journal article – Annual report year: 2012
Based on the notion that trade-offs in public policies form the basis of the separation of managed and entrepreneurial economies; this paper investigates the impact of policy on actual entrepreneurship activity in these two categories of economies. Using data from 19 European Union member countries, the impact that policy trade-offs in the goal, target, location and system of finance have on entrepreneurship activity is measured using ordinary least squares regression. The results indicate that while business regulation negatively impact entrepreneurship activity, the location of policy does not show any measurable impact. They suggest the need for still more supportive institutions in the effort to develop entrepreneurship and create entrepreneurial economies and realize economic benefits.
Original language | English |
Journal | Entrepreneurship & Regional Development |
Publication date | 2012 |
Volume | 24 |
Issue | 9-10 |
Pages | 879–893 |
DOIs | |
State | Published |
Citations | Web of Science® Times Cited: 1 |
- Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial economy, Public policy, Trade-offs
Download as:


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| Format | Pages | Price |   |
Hardcopy (shipping and handling) | 10 | $43.00 |   ADD TO CART |
Historical Version(s) - view previous versions of standard
Significance and Use
The color of gingiva or changes in gingival color can be observed. The light reflected from the facial surfaces of the gingiva can be used to calculate color coordinates. These data reveal information about the efficacy of a product, treatment studied, or epidemiology of anti-gingivitis treatments. For example, clinical studies of gingivitis treatment systems evaluate the efficacy of manufacturers' products.
The change in color of the facial surface gingiva can be used to determine and optimize the efficacy of anti-gingivitis treatments. For example, the data can provide the answer to the question: "What product or system is the most efficacious in the treatment of gingivitis?"
Chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva and periodontium results in destruction of gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Clinically, inflammation is seen as redness, swelling, and bleeding observed upon probing.
This procedure is suitable for use in diagnosis and monitoring, research and development, epidemiological or other surveys, marketing studies, comparative product analysis, and clinical trials.
Popular methods assess gingival inflammation via repeated clinical examination of the gingival tissues. , These methods typically quantify gingival color, which are used to assess gingival health or disease, at multiple intraoral sites on the gingiva using a simple non-linear scoring system or index. Assessment of gingival color is an important component of health status for mild-to-severe gingival disease. These techniques are time-consuming, subjective, and often invasive, and for archival purposes, separate intraoral photographs must be collected to document gingival color and appearance. Variation between and among examiners may contribute to appreciable differences in measurement.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure, instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, measurement procedures, and parameters necessary to make precise measurements of gingival color. In particular it is meant to measure the color of gingiva in human subjects.
1.2 Digital images are used to evaluate gingival color on the facial labial or buccal surfaces of the gingiva. The marginal gingival tissue adjacent to natural teeth may be of particular interest for analysis. All other non-relevant parts; such as teeth, tongue, spaces, dental restorations or prostheses, etc., must be separated from the measurement and the analysis. All localized discoloration; such as stains, inclusions, pigmentations, etc., may be separated from the measurement and the analysis.
1.2.1 The broadband reflectance factors of gingiva and the surrounding tissue are measured. The colorimetric measurement is performed using an illuminator(s) that provides controlled illumination on the gingiva using a digital still camera to capture the digital image.
1.3 Data acquired using this test method may be used to assess personal gingival color for the purposes of identifying overall health status, health status at specific sites in the mouth, or to track changes in personal health status for individuals over time. Pooled data may be used to assess gingival color, health and disease among populations in epidemiological surveys, evaluation of comparative product efficacy, or safety and treatment response in clinical trials involving gingival health or disease.
1.4 The apparatus, measurement procedure, and data analysis technique are generic, so that a specific apparatus, measurement procedure, or data analysis technique may not be excluded.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
Other Publications
TIFF Tagged Image File FormatASTM Standards
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
E1767 Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials
ISO Publications
ISO/IEC1544–1: Information technology - JPEG 2000 image coding system - Part 1: Core coding system, commonly known as JPEG 2000 jp2 file formatISCC Publications
TechnicalReport2003& Guide to Material Standards and Their Use in Color MeasurementICS Code
ICS Number Code 37.040.10 (Photographic equipment. Projectors)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 45121504(Digital cameras)
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citation Format
ASTM E2545-07(2012), Standard Test Method for Objective Measurement of Gingival Color Using Digital Still Cameras, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org
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Subject: | How do I post to a new page when the 1st page is full? |
From: | "tonysteve" |
Date: | Sat, 15 Dec 2007 15:01:09 +0000 UTC |
Newsgroups: | macromedia.coldfusion.getting_started |
How do you create a bul. board where the posts go on a 2nd page when the first page is filled ...and 3rd page when 2nd is full, etc ... Maybe I can stick a wordcount in a while loop before the CFOutPUT Tag? Is there such a variable that holds a word count or better still, a line count? thnx a billion, please, please help! |
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(data structure)
Definition: A dictionary implemented with two hash tables, T1 and T2, and two different hash functions, h1 and h2. Each key, k, is either in T1[h1(k)] or T2[h2(k)]. A new key, k, is stored in T1[h1(k)]. If that location is already occupied by another key, l, the other key is moved to T2[h2(l)]. Keys are moved back and forth until a key moves to an empty location or a limit is reached. If the limit is reached, new hash functions are chosen, and the tables are rehashed. For tables that are a bit less than half full and with carefully chosen universal hashing functions, performance is good. A key is deleted by removing it from a table.
Generalization (I am a kind of ...)
hash table.
Aggregate parent (I am a part of or used in ...)
Aggregate child (... is a part of or used in me.)
array, hash function.
See also 2-left hashing.
Note: The name comes from the European cuckoo, whose young pushes other, competing eggs out of the nest.
Author: PEB
Rasmus Pagh and Flemming Friche Rodler, Cuckoo Hashing, Proceedings of ESA 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2161, pages 121-?, 2001.
Generalized in Úlfar Erlingsson, Mark Manasse, and Frank McSherry, A cool and practical alternative to traditional hash tables, proc 7th Workshop on Distributed Data and Structures (WDAS'06), Santa Clara, CA, January 2006.
If you have suggestions, corrections, or comments, please get in touch with Paul Black.
Entry modified 30 March 2009.
HTML page formatted Mon Feb 2 13:10:39 2015.
Cite this as:
Paul E. Black, "cuckoo hashing", in
Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [online], Vreda Pieterse and Paul E. Black, eds. 30 March 2009. (accessed TODAY)
Available from: http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/cuckooHashing.html


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Player Salaries Question
Is there a place that lists all the current player salaries? I searched around on google and it listed some for random teams, anyone know where to find a definitive list?
Thanks |
All times are GMT -5. The time now is 06:47 PM. |
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Todd Yoshitake, PGA
Main Address:
Riviera Country Club
Pacific Plsds, CA 90272-4001
(310) 454-6591
Pacific Plsds, CA 90272-4001
(310) 454-6591
Todd Yoshitake is a PGA Professional in Pacific Plsds, CA. The PGA of America comprises 27,000 men and women professionals with one singular goal in mind - to make the game of golf more enjoyable for you.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
National Awards
- 2005 PGA President's Council on Growing the Game
PGA of America Championships
Pete Dye Course
French Lick, Ind.
Westchester Country Club
Rye, N.Y.
Philadelphia Cricket Club
Philadelphia, Pa.
Whistling Straits
Kohler, Wis.
Hazeltine National Golf Club
Chaska, Minn.


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When Memphians like Jimmy Lewis are leaving established careers to remake themselves as coffee roasters, it's one sign that coffee culture in Memphis is abundant with opportunity and steadily coming into its own.
Relevant Roasters, Memphis' newest specialty coffee brand, is now available on the shelves of Miss Cordelia's in Harbor Town.
"The roaster is on full speed, and we are ready to fill the shelves with bags of coffee that is fresh, flavorful and memorable," said Relevant Roasters owner Jimmy Lewis in a statement.
If you catch Jimmy Lewis these days and get him talking about coffee roasting, chances are he might never stop.
The Memphis Bar Association poll of attorneys on the judicial races on the Aug. 7 ballot shows 16 percent to as high as 38 percent of the attorneys participating have no opinion in many of the judicial races.
The Restivo Group Realtors has expanded into new offices at 1861 Madison Ave. in the landmark Gilmore Building.
Memphis City Council member Lee Harris is challenging Democratic state Sen. Ophelia Ford in the August primary for District 29, the Senate seat held by a member of the Ford family since 1975.
Shelby County commissioners Monday, March 24, take up an attempt to end the county's contract for federally funded family planning and related health services with Christ Community Health Services.
Fashion isn't just about clothing, said the owners of Eclectic Eye, whose business caters to customers who enjoy several different looks in eyewear.
So with a nod to the fashion industry's concept of keeping things fresh, lively and in tune with the current trends, Eclectic Eye is undergoing an extensive makeover of its popular Midtown store.
The newest addition to Beale Street is a Memphis music legend. Jerry Lee Lewis, the last living member of the Sun Records' "Million Dollar Quartet," is lending his name and personal items to a nightspot at 310 Beale St.
Imagine Vegan Café has found a new home about three blocks east of its current location in Midtown's Cooper-Young neighborhood.
The family-friendly, 100-percent vegan café's last day at its current 2156 Young Ave. location will be Friday, March 29. Imagine hopes to re-open its new location at 2299 Young Ave. at the corner of East Parkway and Young by Friday, April 5, if inspections go as planned.
The chairman of the countywide school board, Billy Orgel, was effectively elected to his District 7 school board seat without opposition at the Thursday, April 5, filing deadline for candidates on the Aug. 2 primary and general election ballot in Shelby County.
A Memphis-based buyer has bought more than 1 million square feet formerly occupied by Cleo Inc. gift-wrapping company in Airport Industrial Park Section A for less than two-thirds of the listing price.
The Exchange Club Family Center has announced new board members as well as officers for 2011-2012.
Officers are Dan O'Brien, president; George Goldhoff, vice president; Grant Adams, treasurer; Adrienne Dailey-Evans, secretary; and Lucia Heros, immediate past president.
Midtown has a reputation for one of Memphis' most eclectic areas, adorned with vintage houses, international cuisine and funky entertainment venues.
In the coming weeks, it will broaden its portfolio even more with three Memphis eateries: Gigi's Cupcakes, The Slider Inn and a yet-to-be named concept in Cooper-Young.
The Daily News in September launched a new weekly column called "Inked" to spotlight Memphis' commercial leasing landscape.
Despite tough times, local commercial real estate firms were able to ink plenty of deals in the past four months. Here's a rundown of some of the most noteworthy commercial leases since Inked's debut:
Menlo Worldwide Logistics LLC is expanding its Memphis-area operations with a new 181,000-square-foot lease in ProLogis Park DeSoto in Olive Branch.
The Exchange Club Family Center has announced new board members and officers for 2010-2011.
The new board members are Grant Adams, Holly Walters Craft, Adrienne Daily-Evans, Dr. Sheryl Davis, Handel Durham, Joe Fracchia, Dr. Patrick Randolph, Mike Fay, Dr. John Holmes, Shelly Rice and Rick Holland.
Citing dissatisfaction with the direction of Cadence Financial Corp., Mississippi businessman James Graham has resigned from the board of the Starkville, Miss.-based bank.
WASHINGTON (AP) - Wells Fargo & Co. is likely on the hook for hefty cancellation fees after abruptly scrapping its upcoming retreats to Las Vegas casinos.
A new chapter began this week in the home of the former Burkes' Book Store at 1719 Poplar Ave. in Midtown. After months of extensive renovations and additions to the 84-year-old structure, it has reopened as Steve's Tire & Auto Service Center.
Tennessee Gov. Phil Bredesen wants the Tennessee Plan for selecting appeals court judges to remain in place.
Bredesen commented last week during a trip to Memphis that included the ceremonial swearing in of new Tennessee Criminal Appeals Court Judge Camille McMullen of Memphis.
The former Burke's Book Store at 1719 Poplar Ave. has sold for $445,000 to Poplar Auto Partners, an investment group headed by commercial real estate broker Mark Johnson.
The sale closed April 7, the same day the company filed a $1.1 million construction loan through Covenant Bank for renovations to the 84-year-old building's exterior and interior, according to the Shelby County Register of Deeds.
Commercial real estate firm Lewis & Rasberry Realty has reconfigured and rebranded its business by morphing into a new entity called, simply, Rasberry CRE (Commercial Real Estate) for founding partner James Rasberry.
The state Judicial Selection Commission that has been the subject of Governor Phil Bredesen's ire in the last two years is at a crossroads.
The legislative act that created the commission to send the names of finalists for state appellate court vacancies to the governor for his selection is up for renewal by legislators next month.
Developer James Rasberry wants to turn North Main into more than just a street.
Rasberry - who's created upscale condominiums in the Cooper-Young area, developed scores of Downtownspaces, renovated, converted and built from the ground up many others - is part of a development team that's bringing new townhouses to a previously forlorn stretch of the Uptown neighborhood.
Once the entertainment epicenter of Memphis, Overton Square is using several new developments to further its increasing upswing. The latest involves restaurateur Earl Farrell trying to inject some new energy into an old hotspot.


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US D498221 S1 Abstract available in Claims(1)
Description FIG. 1 is a front side view of the telephone; FIG. 2 is a rear side view thereof; FIG. 3 is a right side view thereof, the left side being a mirror image thereof; FIG. 4 is a top perspective view thereof; and, FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view thereof. Rotate |


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Home : Brands : Murad : Murad Clarifying Body Spray
Treat | Repair
Control body breakouts with this purifying anti-acne treatment
Clear your body. Purifying salicylic acid works with powerful antibacterial agents to penetrate pores and reduce acne blemishes while helping prevent new breakouts from forming. Murad Clarifying Body Spray soothes and hydrates irritated skin for maximum clarity. 360° spray works upside down for hard to reach places.
Additional features and benefits:
• Triclosan, a powerful antibacterial agent, helps to fight acne breakouts
• Retinol and salicylic acid penetrate pores to keep them clear
• Allantoin, a powerful healing agent, helps keep skin healthy
Cleanse the skin thoroughly before applying medication. Cover the entire affected area with a thin layer one to three times daily because excessive drying of the skin may occur, start with one application daily, then gradually increase to two or three times daily if needed or as directed by a physician if bothersome drying or peeling occurs, reduce application to once a day or every other day.
This product can only be shipped to U.S. and Canadian addresses.
This product can only be shipped to addresses in the contiguous U.S. This product has been designated as ORM-D by the Department of Transportation (DOT). SkinStore is able to ship these products using DOT Approved Special Permit 9275. U.S. addresses can be serviced via any domestic provider. You may elect to have this item sent Next Day, 2 Day, or through our standard delivery method.


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Eyewitness to Shootout that killed the older brother calls into radio station - Says Gov SUV vehicle ran over suspect, and most likely killed instantly.
Welcome Free Talk Live 2.5! Now, with Reddit!
You'll need a Reddit account before you can vote on and submit show prep. (That is different from your FTL/AMP account.)
The content here is the same as you will see on the FTL Subreddit. Please submit bug reports on the appropriate BBS subforum.
Enjoy the new site and thanks for submitting your content!


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Package: bjam (3.1.16-1)
Links for bjam
Debian Resources:
Download Source Package boost-jam:
- Debian Boost Team (QA Page, Mail Archive)
- Steve M. Robbins (QA Page)
- Domenico Andreoli (QA Page)
- Christophe Prud'homme (QA Page)
External Resources:
- Homepage [sourceforge.net]
Similar packages:
Software build tool
Boost.Jam (BJam) is a portable build tool with its own interpreted language, which allows to implement rather complex logic in a readable way and without resorting to external programs. It is a descendant of Jam/MR tool modified to suit the needs of Boost.Build. In particular, modules and rule parameters were added, as well as several new builtins.
Other Packages Related to bjam
- dep: libc0.1 (>= 2.3)
- Sulautettu GNU C -kirjasto: jaetut kirjastot
also a virtual package provided by libc0.1-udeb
Download bjam
Architecture | Package Size | Installed Size | Files |
kfreebsd-i386 | 120.4 kB | 378.0 kB | [list of files] |


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The New iPad Review
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New York Auto Show: Flying Car, Cadillac CUE
A flying car and Cadillac's CUE in-dash system shown at the New York Auto Show.
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5 Companies Paying Their First Dividend In 2011 [View article]
"Based on our strong results, I'm pleased to announce that the Board of Directors has authorized the payment of twenty-five cents ($0.25) per share dividend payable September 2, 2011, to all shareholders of record on August 25, 2011. Additionally, the Board of Directors has declared their intention to consider paying dividends on a quarterly basis in the future."
This can be found on their website http://bit.ly/vLjhAJ -
40 Years Of Dividend Growth And Still Outpacing Inflation - 10 Top Companies [View article]
Microsoft: Potentially Great Addition To Your Dividend Portfolio [View article]
Microsoft: Potentially Great Addition To Your Dividend Portfolio [View article]
Lorillard: The Only U.S. Tobacco Stock Worth Owning [View article]
4 Stocks Still Increasing Dividends After 50 Years [View article]
4 Stocks Still Increasing Dividends After 50 Years [View article]
Leggett & Platt: Dividend Stock Analysis [View article]
Add on top of that wild fluctuations in earnings, an almost complete absence of sales growth, and a stagnant stock price, and I don't think a long dividend history is enough to make up for that. I love dividends, but I also like a growing, profitable, and stable businesses, none of which I see in LEG. -
Wal-Mart International: A True Growth Story [View article]
As for the stock price, yes, many companies have had a difficult 10 years, through two major recessions. But not all of them have seen stagnant prices. ITW traded in the low 30's in 2001 and is now at $56. MCD was also in the 30's in the early 2000's, and is now at $80. These are just two companies, but they prove that capital appreciation, even for a stodgy old blue chip, was possible over the last decade.
And as for an overpriced company, I think yield and growth need to be balanced. Personally, I would sacrifice a 3% yield for say, a 2.7% yield if dividend growth was 12-15% a year, like Walmart. If growth was only 6-8%, then I would wait for a higher initial yield, like something over 3%. -
Wal-Mart International: A True Growth Story [View article]
Dividend Stock Analysis: Does Eli Lilly Have Enough Promise in Its Pipeline? [View article]
Coca-Cola: Worth the Premium [View article]
Coca-Cola: Worth the Premium [View article]
4 Restaurants That Take Dividends Seriously [View article]
When you start making compromises, it is a slippery slope. If you buy at $76, why not buy at $80, or $90, or $100? Every dollar you pay in a higher price is a dollar less you will receive as a return.
Let's say you were buying Walmart in the late 90's. You bought at 15x earnings, then 20x, and since you didn't want to miss the dividends, you bought at 25x and then 30x. What happened? Your money has barely budged in 10 years.
While I'm waiting for MCD to come down to my target price, I'm either buying another company I find reasonable, or I'm sitting on the cash and waiting for deals. Hope this helps. -
5 Dividend Growth Machines Near 52-Week Lows [View article]
37 Comments


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Baltimore Ultra Light Velveteen Helmet <>Code: BH3001
Only $29.99
Quantity in Basket:
Suggested Retail - $69.9557% off - $29.99Introductory Offer World's Lightest Weight Certified Helmet!The Horze Baltimore Helmet uses patented technology to make it the lightest weight ASTM/SEI certified helmet in the world! Everyone always asks why a riding helmet can`t be as comfortable as a bicycle helmet.The Baltimore Helmet does that!The patented Pegasus 4 point harness is infinitely adjustable. Venturi style ventilation system makes the helmet cool and comfortable with advanced "upside-down tornado" style holes that carry the warm air away from your head - and keep the classic hunt cap look. Use the included pads to "build" the inside of the helmet for a custom fit (If desired, go up one or two sizes and use the front and/or rear fit pads to fit a rounder head) FeaturesNotice regarding headgear:It is our understanding that the manufacturer of ASTM/SEI headgear claims the items listed above meet ASTM Standard #F1163 and is certified by the Safety Equipment Institute, but Chick's makes no warranty or representation as to the accuracy of the manufacturer's claim, nor do we warrant or represent that these standards are accurate or reliable. We have not designed, tested, or manufactured this headgear and disclaim any and all warranties and representations with regard to the extent, if any, to which it will protect the wearer against injury as a result of impact. It is necessary that protective straps be securely fastened while the headgear is worn. Some headgear are designed to absorb the shock of a blow by partial destruction of the headgear. Though damage may not be visible to the naked eye, if it suffers such an impact, it should be replaced. Customers who purchased this, also purchased these products: |
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Get in the Know!
Sign up to get the latest & best things to do with kids near you-our picks arrive just in time to make weekend plans.
Avenue Orthodontics, owned and operated by husband-and-wife duo Abraham Chahine, D.D.S., and Eleni Michailidis, D.D.S., recently opened in Queens. The orthodontic practice in Whitestone offers services for children, teens, and adults.
Sara Ysaac-Garcia, D.M.D., will open her pediatric dental office, Children's Dentistry of Trumbull, in late March. The pediatric dentist in Trumbull is now accepting new patients.
North Brooklyn Pediatric Dentistry, a pediatric dental office, recently opened in Greenpoint. The Greenpoint pediatric dentist offers an open-concept floor plan that allows parents to observe their children's dental visits.
La Petite Dent, a pediatric dental office, recently opened in Nanuet. The Rockland County pediatric dentist offers First Visit to calm nervous children, as well as special care dentistry for children with special needs.
Dentists work in an anxiety-provoking setting, so it's no wonder many children are afraid of going. To help your child with special needs cope with his or her first time, follow this expert advice for a visit with less stress.
Indian Rock Dental, a kid-friendly dental practice in Rockland County, opened in January in Suffern. The dental practice, headed by Rachel Fainman, D.D.S., aims to provide a stress-free dental environment.
M.E. Smiles Dental and Erica Fish, D.D.S., is scheduled to host a Take Your American Girl Doll to the Dentist event this fall. The goal of the event is to teach proper dental hygiene techniques for good oral health and to reduce kids' anxiety about visiting the dentist.
Union Medical Urgent Care, an urgent care center in Fresh Meadows, recently added a dental office to its Queens location and welcomed David J. Wiseman, D.D.S., as its dentist to offer urgent dental care.
Local experts share ways you can help your child face their fears and tame their anxiety about visiting the dentist, plus where to find dental social stories for children with special needs.
From teeth whitening and fluoride recommendations to taming fear at the dentist and the Tooth Fairy's going rates, there's a lot to consider to ensure your family has good dental health. We spoke to area experts to find out what you need to know.
Lawrence Dinkes, D.D.S., shares when your child should stop sucking her thumb to prevent bad oral health, as well as when you should be worried about grinding teeth, and what a bluegrass appliance is.
Alex Shvartsman, D.D.S., of Long Island Center for Healthier Dentistry, shares what age is appropriate for children to begin whitening their teeth, the best over-the-counter whitening products, and how teeth whitening works.
Massapequa pediatric dentist office, That Broadway Smile, recently welcomed a new dentist to its staff. Jeffery Fong, D.D.S., joined the movie theater-themed office that offers services to children of all ages including children with special needs.
Caliper Orthodontics, an orthodontist office in Little Neck, recently implemented a new technology for better results. The Invisalign provider in Queens uses the iTero scanner to create better fitting aligners for patients.
Scott Mateer, D.D.S., recently opened his practice Mateer Orthodontics in Commack. Dr. Mateer provides a full range of services, including Invisalign, braces, and pallet expanders for ages 6 and older. The practice features state-of-the-art equipment for accurate diagnosis and better results.
The Fairfield Orthodontic Center, which offers state-of-the-art orthodontic care in Fairfield, is under new ownership. Kathryn Reluga, D.M.D., has 15 years of clinical experience and is dedicated to offering patients highly individualized orthodontic care. The practice offers braces, Invisalign, Invisalign Teen, and habit breaking, such as thumb sucking.
Adelberg Montalvan Pediatric Dental, a Long Island-based pediatric dental and orthodontic practice, recently opened its third location in West Islip. The practice offers general oral health care for children, dental care for patients with special needs and fearful patients, and orthodontic services for children and teens.
Rania Elbaz, D.D.S., a pediatric dentist in Merrick, recently moved Merrick Pediatric Dentistry offices to a new location in Merrick. The new location is beach themed and child-friendly.
Whether your teenager was born with missing teeth or has lost teeth due to an injury, you may be wondering what your options are to replace his or her pearly whites. Here, a prosthodontist offers expert advice on dental implants for children.
Studies have shown that even kissing your child can cause the transfer of cavity-causing bacteria from you to your child. Marc Liechtung, D.M.D., shares what you can do to prevent this and help you child have good dental and oral health.
If your child wears braces, she might occasionally have a sore mouth and be unable to eat some of the foods she loves. Here, the authors of The Braces Cookbook offer 6 tips for soothing a sore mouth and suggestions on what foods to eat for pain-free meals.
Gordon Lee, D.D.S., recently opened Westport Pediatric Dentistry, a dental office catered to children and located in Westport. The office offers gentle dental care for kids, as well as infant dental care advice, including how to deal with thumb sucking, gum disease, and dental emergencies.
Park Slope Kids Dental, owned by Dr. Tanesha Francis—or Dr. T as the kids know her, is a new, state-of-the-art, kids-only dental office located in Park Slope. The office features an open play and appointment area, which lessons the negative experiences at the dentist. Dr. T schedules at least two appointments per year for each child to allow for a familiarity to grow.
Evergreen Family Dental Care, located in Ridgefield, welcomed Harinder Sandhu, D.D.S., to the practice in July. Dr. Sandhu offers Invisalign, Six Month Smile, and ZOOM teeth whitening, among other services, as well as convenient office hours.


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It has been revealed that Rihanna has fallen out with one of her followers on the social networking site Twitter. The fall out comes after the fan of Rihanna commented on a picture that the 'Only Girl' singer posted on her Twitter page.
The picture was of the official art work for 'Man Down', Rihanna'a latest single. Responding to the Twitpic the fan posted "Why does her hair look so nappy?" This infuriated Rihanna and she came back at the young lady, "Cuz I'm Black B*tch!" tweeted the star.
Rihanna was recently spotted on a bicycle whilst shooting the video for 'Man Down' in Jamaica. She also featured quite heavily on the Songs for Japan album which was released earlier this year.