text:
01-03-2000, 12:02 AM #1LynFD49Firehouse.com Guest
Who gets to "play" with the siren?
Without getting into a debate about Priority 1,2,3 or Red/White responses...I was wondering who in the front seat has control of the siren/airhorn. In the combo. ambulance service I used to Volly with, the Driver had complete and total control over the warning devices. Their reasoning...he is the one with his eyes on the road totally commited to driving, so he may see something that the Paramedic may not. The driver's usually knew the area much better than the Paragods, so they knew the low spots and blind curves.
The FD I'm with now, the officer has control. However, when driving the EMS unit, I "instinctivly" change the tone and use the airhorn. I have been told that that is not my responsibility...I have to concentrate on getting there safely, so that requires my complete attention.
I know that both have their pro's and con's. I have had no problems,AND have run into problems when the other guy up front turns around to talk to the crew in the back or has his face buried in a map pack.
So, what do you do?
Stay Safe and Stay Low
01-03-2000, 08:59 AM #2BVFDFirehouse.com Guest
Our dept. "rules" state that the driver does just that...drives. The officer takes care of the siren and horn. That way total concentration is on driving. Unfortunately, I just can't seem to get this through my head if I am driving!
Learn all the jobs, at some point you'll have to do them
01-03-2000, 11:46 AM #3Ten8_Ten19Firehouse.com Guest
We don't have any SOP (that I know of) but when I'm driving I want the guy in the shotgun seat handling the siren and radio. I'll handle the air horn myself because I don't want him (or her) scaring the crap out of me if I don't happen to see them reach for it. In most of our trucks the siren is not situated for easy use by the driver anyway, too much of a stretch for comfort.
01-03-2000, 12:15 PM #4Eng 48Firehouse.com Guest
We've got a set up where the driver has a foot switch to activate the "Q", and the air horn works from the horn button o the wheel. The electonic siren is mounted in the middle where either officer ar dirver canactivate it. And the officer has a dash mounted button for the Q and the air horn. This way if either one of them see an obstical ahead they can activate the proper warning device.
Be safe everyone!
01-03-2000, 03:02 PM #5Dalmation90Firehouse.com Guest
Driver's choice -- normally the shotgun runs the sirens, but the Driver can "call it" and let the shotgun know they prefer running the siren themselves.
01-03-2000, 05:02 PM #6Lieutenant GonzoFirehouse.com Guest
We have the siren button for our FedQ's
on the floor of the cab on both sides of our rigs, with the air horn control mounted on the ceiling. Two sets of eyes are better to view the road, most of the time whoever is riding shotgun will operate the siren and horns, freeing the driver to steer his way around the nitwits that insist on cutting you off, pulling over to the left instead of the right when the rig approaches and speeding up to stay ahead of the rig. It's just like a thrill ride at Disney World (only scarier)!
Did you ever notice that when you are going down the road people without lights and siren people tend to pull over for you, but when you go Code 3 they turn into the aforementioned nitwits? Just an observation....
Take care and be safe...Lt. Gonzo
01-04-2000, 12:22 AM #7RomaniaFirehouse.com Guest
Another vote for the officer.
Alan Romania, CEP
IAFF Local 3449
My Opinions do not reflect the opnions of the IAFF or Local 3449.
01-04-2000, 08:00 AM #8PTFD21Firehouse.com Guest
If I am the D/O (driver/operator), I usually (with the exception of officers) tell the shotgun it is my siren. We have a few that think the "Q" button is to stand on for just about every call. Myself I use the amount of noise I think necessary for the situation. Winding that thing up behind someone who is stuck in traffic behind others is not going to make them move any faster.
"Doin' it for lives and property !"
Pittsfield Twp. Fire Dept.
01-04-2000, 08:36 AM #9Bob SnyderFirehouse.com Guest
Ideally, it should be the officer that works the radio and sirens, but should defer to the driver if he/she chooses to intervene. I've seen a few alternators killed by excessive officer use of a Q, for example, which could have been avoided had the officer gotten off the button when told to.
Having said that, I usually take control of the warning devices (but not the radio) when I'm driving...there just aren't that many people who make enough noise to keep me happy...
01-08-2000, 12:34 AM #10Engine508Firehouse.com Guest
Lieutenant Gonzo is right on that observation..When we take our Truck out for a ride we have the back strobes on and the bottom headlights and strobes on but we dont have them on all the time because people pull over and we arent going anywhere! It is funny but yet annoying.. But when we are responding to a call people dont know where to pull they go to the left right right left its confusing especially during a traffic jam. and Idiots are trying to get ahead and you are flying on the opposite side of the road and some moron with his radio blasting doesnt hear the sirens and horns and decides to pull out in front of you then you are in trouble but luckily nothing like that has happened yet.
"You Go....We Go"
"Emt's Don't Die They Stabalize"
01-11-2000, 12:57 AM #11Drive P17BFirehouse.com Guest
On My Rig the Capt. in the shotgun seat runs the sirens and horns. I prefer to keep 100% of my attention on the road.
01-11-2000, 09:46 PM #12rfd246Firehouse.com Guest
As a general rule or guideline, the driver is responsible for the apparatus and the safety of the crew while enroute or returning to and from the station. I can only suggest that the driver have complete control unless specifically arrainged with the officer or firefighter in the front seat. This allows the driver to apply the neccessary audio and visual warning devices at the correct times. As a general rule for me I drive with my window down so that if I hear a different audio device then what I am emmiting, I know to be extremely cautious. If I am not controlling the audio device how am I to know whats being emmitted. Helping the driver watch for traffic and other apparatus as well as handling the radio is what the officer or the firefighter in the front seat should be concerned with.
To gain knowledge one must study, to gain wisdom one must observe.
01-14-2000, 12:27 AM #13Captain88Firehouse.com Guest
That's why you have two hands. Both should be on the wheel. You have several firefighters to protect on your way there and you should be concentrating totally on driving. Let the officer(or passenger) do the siren changing, the radio traffic, and everything else that needs to be done on the way. If it were me the sirens in the engines, ladders and other apparatus would not be able to be reached by the engineer. In our ambulances the driver only has to press the horn to change the siren which helps them keep their eyes on the road.
01-14-2000, 10:50 AM #14e33Firehouse.com Guest
Well, i dont know about most people, but I generally handle the noise makers if I am driving. I say this because I get annoyed by other overzealous passengers standing on the pedals and drowning out the radio traffic as well as making an ungodly amount of unnecessary noise. I have never had a problem trying to drive and reaching over to flip the siren on, or driving and pressing the siren pedal. I keep my eyes on the road always. I am also a believer that certain responses dont warrant as much siren commotion as others. If I am riding officer, whoever gets to it first handles it, no big deal.
The opinions and views expressed herin are solely mine and not on the behalf of any department or organization I belong to.
01-16-2000, 04:56 PM #15Truckie from MissouriFirehouse.com Guest
I support the opinion that both the driver and passenger have eyes, and they may see something that the other does not. When I am driving, I may not see something the captain sees, and therefore he hits the horn. No big deal. Same goes if I see something that he does not, I hit the horn, no big deal.
I have also noticed that, for me anyway, the speed of the vehicle I am driving is directly disproportionate to the amount of noise that is being emmitted. I only use the horns when there is a problem, and when approaching a problem, I feel that I do NOT need to be travelling as fast.
Just my thoughts.
Proud Member of IAFF Local 3133!
Stay safe.
All postings I have &/or will post are strictly my opinions. I am representing only myself here, not the IAFF, Local 3133, or my employer. No animals were/will be harmed from the production of this disclaimer. Thank you.
01-22-2000, 05:26 PM #16stvfd88Firehouse.com Guest
Our department has controls where either the officer or the driver can control the "Q" or the air horn...the electronic siren typically is activated by the officer. Be safe!
Scott Lambert
Seminole Trail Volunteer Fire Department
01-24-2000, 04:32 PM #17Fyrball105Firehouse.com Guest
Here the shot-gun runs the siren, lights,radios> all driver does is drive, and has contrel of air horn, has floor petal on driver side. I think the driver should just have to worry about driving, I know If I'm in the truck that's all the driver has to do is drive.I play the siren..
02-14-2000, 03:49 PM #18Joseph MoweryFirehouse.com Guest
In our Department the Officer has
control of the siren and the radio. He has
a foot switch for the Mechanical, Electrical,
and Air Horn. However, the driver still has
the mechanical siren activated by horn button
on the wheel and the air horn by foot switch.
The electrical siren controls are mounted on
an overhead mount that will swing to either
side for the driver or officer to control and
I can flip a switch to switch control for the
horn button from Q2B to Electrical.
Yes, the riding officer can be a pain
playing with the Q2B. I have even asked the
Bat Chief if he has a stuck Q-pedal before.
Yes, I have had to use the the siren
when the Right seat had his nose buried in
the map book or busy getting his harness
02-14-2000, 05:20 PM #19smithepsFirehouse.com Guest
The officer in my opinion has three jobs between the barn and the fire
1) Maintain calm, effective communications with county control and whomever is on the street calling the shots
2) Making sure that he has the proper assignment and that he has informed our crew of our job long before we arrive
3) Being completely dressed in PPE including having his SCBA at donned to the point where all he needs to do is place his mask on AND having a portable radio
I, am the one that is gonna go to jail if the wagon doesn't make it safely to the scene and therefor I would prefer to run the Q and the trumpets. Between communications, PPE, and our crew the officer has enough to do.
02-15-2000, 07:15 PM #20LynFD49Firehouse.com Guest
Well, I'll be honest...when I posted this topic, I honestly, truly expected it to be decididly one-sided~~hopefully in my favor (the driver) but I figured the Officer would win hands down.
If you havent been keeping track as you read, here is the results to date:
7 Driver
9 Officer
2 Un-decided (see remarks like Truckie
from Mo.)
That kinda shocked me to have it so close. Thank you for your inputs, now I have some good info to "defend" myself!!
thanks again
Stay Safe And Stay Low
03-15-2000, 11:27 AM #21tc1chiefFirehouse.com Guest
In my department ot is our training practice for our engineers to safetly convey the apparatus to and from calls. and by doing this the he is responsible for the safety of the men and the unit. The engineer is responsible for the immeadiate area around the unit ONLY. The shotgun person which is an officer most of the time is responsible for the lights, radio, siren, fed-Q, air-horn, and keeping the engineer warned of any vehicles that may be intersection ahead of the unit. It is my department's opinion the the engineer cannot have total control of his apparatus unless he/she has both hands on the wheel especially on Code 3 response. I know that this sounds like one of those grouchy old chiefs but we havent has an accidient in our department in the six years that this SOP has been enacted.
Be Safe
03-24-2000, 01:36 AM #22oldrepeaterFirehouse.com Guest
I must agree with the majority... although I feel the driver has the right and duty to sound the air horn as needed since he is responsible for being behind the wheel... Most of the time the driver is occupied with driving...so the Officer should be involved to help out as "co-pilot". Like others have stated elsewhere 4 eyes are better for safety.
03-31-2000, 04:45 PM #23WillsFirehouse.com Guest
Well I will say that when I am driving the engine all of the siren and stuff is on my side so I dont have a the option. I do know that my Capty will blow the horn though. That is if I dont get to it first. In the ambu. all of the sirens are on the steering wheel so it is also the driver. But the passenger gets all of the radio traffic and map book reading.
Take Care,
04-01-2000, 02:29 PM #24FFCode3EMTFirehouse.com Guest
Although there is no written SOG, the OIC usually controls the siren and airhorn unless the FAE specifically says that they will control it.
04-04-2000, 01:37 AM #25sarg226Firehouse.com Guest
The driver has to be able to control the so the controls should be easiest accessed by the driver, however available to the officer to make life easier on the driver.....But in the case of a situation where the driver sees something the officer doesnt-he has to be able to operate the siren.
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Video Game Voiceover Actors
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These are probably the questions Gamevoices gets asked the most.. and in trying to get a well rounded answer to send to up & coming VO's I wonder if you'd help give answers from your own…Continue
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3 inspirational video game voice performers of all time
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Casting call for 2 actors in a First World War game.
Voice one is about 100 words, 20 sentences, and voice two is about 180 words, about 25 sentences.
We are looking for native speakers with a British accent.
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More fallout from Bruni's takedown of Michael's. The celeb stalkers at CityFile have I.D.'d a bunch of media heavies in the photo and the audio slideshow that accompany the review — that's right, while Bruni tells Pete Wells, "I didn't spot [celebrities], but maybe I just missed them as I was hustled to Siberia," we see Diane Sawyer, Tina Brown, Kathleen Turner, and Peggy Siegel. The snapshot that ran in the paper, meanwhile, features Michael Ovitz, Leon Black, Showtime CEO Matt Blank, Barry Diller, and CBS chief Les Moonves. Not that that's wowing anyone. A "Page Six" item quotes Four Seasons co-owner Julian Niccolini as saying, "[Ronald] Perelman goes to Michael's? I thought he had better taste than that."
Food Fight! [NYP]
Frank Bruni Needs New Glasses [CityFile]


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Oct 15, 2009 11:25 AM
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Thank you for your sage advice.
by kelizan - 2/23/13 4:24 PM
In Reply to: some you can trust by Grandpa-Engineer
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Fort Carson officials told the Rocky Mountain News that a re-enlistment drive is under way but that no one was being pressured. One of the soldiers, however, gave the paper a copy of the re-enlistment form that, if signed, would tie the soldier to the unit until December 31, 2007. "They said, 'If you refuse to re-enlist with the Third Brigade, we'll send you down to the Third Armored Cavalry Regiment, which is going to Iraq for a year, and you can stay with them, or we'll send you to Korea, or to Fort Riley (in Kansas), where they're going to Iraq,' " a sergeant told the Denver newspaper, adding that a recruiter told him the army would keep them "as long as they needed us."
Another soldier confirmed the tactic, saying to the paper, "They told us if we don't re-enlist, then we'd have to be reassigned. And where we're most needed is in units that are going back to Iraq in the next couple of months. So if you think you're getting out, you're not."


text:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE KÕPU PENINSULA Aivar KRIISKA Tartu Ülikool
(University of Tartu). Lossi 3, EE-2400 Tartu, Eesti (Estonia).
Published: Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Humanities
and Social Sciences, 45:4, 1996, 398-409.
During the landscape survey carried
out on the Kõpu Peninsula in Hiiumaa in 1994, several new Stone
Age sites were found in the coastal formations of the Litorina Sea and
the Ancylus Lake. The artefacts found there suggested that some of the
sites might be even earlier than the first examined Early Neolithic Site
(Kõpu I), belonging probably to the Late Mesolithic period (Kriiska,
1995a). This hypothesis gave reason for a new archaeological expedition.
In 1995 excavations were carried
out in two settlement sites: Kõpu IV and VIII. Also the landscape
survey on ancient coastal formations was continued (Kriiska, 1995b). The
work was financed by PACT, the Estonian Science Foundation (grant to Lembi
Lõugas), and the newspaper Maaleht. KÕPU IV SITE The Kõpu IV site is situated
650 m north-east from the site I at KiduspeKõpu Road, a score of
metres from the road leading to the village of Ülendi (Fig. 1). This
site has quite an extraordinary position. Namely, the cultural layer lies
on a rather steep ancient coastal formation 2832 m a.s.l. (Fig. 2; Plate
I, 1). The lower part of the site was excavated. Subfossil molluscs
gathered in the immediate vicinity of the site represent typical fauna
of Ancylus Lake (Tavast, 1995, p. 12).
The excavations were simultaneously
of conservational purpose as the cultural layer had been damaged due to
quarrying sand. This purpose determined also the form and size of the excavation
area (Figs. 2, 3). The total area under investigation was 31 m2. The whole
surface was hand-screened.
In 1994 the complex of stones and
the coal surface were investigated in the centre of the ruined area. The
findings indicated that there had been a fire pit. It turned out to be
surprisingly well preserved and big (maximum size c. 5 x 5 m), embracing
the whole central part of the excavation area (Fig. 3; Plate I, 1). The
fire pit had been deepened unevenly into the ground. It was up to 0.5 m
deep and consisted of eight stone layers. There was a dark coaly soil and
much decomposed stone rubble between the stones. The stones in the fire
pit were mainly 10–15 cm in diameter, the biggest ones 30 cm (Fig. 3, Plate
I, 2). Coaly spots could be seen also outside the fire pit. At least two
of them could have formed separate fire pits.
The artefacts were situated inside
and outside the fire pit, more often on its edges (Fig. 3). In the excavation
area, the layer comprising the finds was 3035 cm deep. Outside the fire
pit the artefacts were located in a rather dirty sandy surface. The excavation
profile shows that such a dirty sandy surface with some coaly places comprising
finds can be as thick as 1–1.2 m. It is possible that the top part has
been flushed down from the bank.
During the excavation in 1995 and
the investigation in 1994, 546 artefacts were disinterred1, 313 of them (57.3%) were of flintstone and 219 (40.1%) of
quartz (including
some of quartzite), 7 (1.3%) of sandstone, and 7 of other rocks (biotite
gneiss, leptite, granite fegmatite, quartz-feldspar-gneiss) (Tables 1,
2).2 Flakes make up the majority
of the flintstone finds. Only seven blades were found and the artefacts
showing secondary processing were totally missing among the flintstone
Flakes without secondary processing
(94.5%), a blade-like flake included, predominate among the quartz finds.
There are only two quartz blades (0.9% of all quartz artefacts) (Fig. 4,
and in one case it is probably a core. As to the artefacts of secondary
processing, mainly scrapers (Fig. 4, 1–8) and a knife (Fig. 4, 9)
were found. Burins are entirely missing. There are seven side scrapers
and one end scraper among the eight scrapers found there (3.7% of the quartz
finds). They have been made of a blade-like flake (5) or a flake (3). In
shape they are triangular (2), irregular (2), segmental (1), trapezial
(1), rectangular (1), or square (1). One scraper has two edges. Edges are
mainly narrow (6), convex and less than 2 cm wide (4), straight (3), concave
(1), or even wavy (1).
Only one polished stone artefact
was found – part of the edge of a quartz-feldspar-gneiss chisel of quite
an extraordinary shape (Fig. 5). Seven polish stones or their fragments
were found.
The charcoal found at the fire pit
was radiocarbon dated to 6757±51 BP (Tln-2016), which corresponds with
95% of probability to 56835573 BC (cal.). Another charcoal test from the
fire pit 14C dates to 6640±60 (TA-2533),
corresponding to 55925444 BC (cal.). The coal gathered in the whole excavation
area and round the fire pit, gave a younger date. However, this may be
caused by coal pieces originating from burnings after the cultural layer
was formed in the test. Fig. 5. Chisel from the Kõpu IV site (AI 6054:213) KÕPU VIII SITE The site is situated 400 m north-east from site IV near the schoolhouse of Kõpu (Fig. 1). The cultural layer is on the coastal formation that is 2829 m a.s.l. (Fig. 6). A small test excavation of 3 m2 had been started already in 1994, in the summer of 1995 it was finished and in addition a trench of 7 m2 was excavated. The whole surface was hand-screened. No constructions were found in site VIII although test holes were made to look for their existence. However, the area was very rich in finds. In both test excavations the finds were got from a half-metre-thick sand layer, the upper 2030 cm of which was sodded and podzolized. The amount of find material decreased in the lower parts of the layer. The total sum of artefacts was 7968, that is nearly 800 finds per 1 m2.3 Of these 6373 (80%) are quartz (a smaller part quartzite)4, 1519 (19.1%) are flintstone, 18 (0.2%) sandstone and 58 (0.7%) other rocks (quartz-feldspar-gneiss, granite-fegmatite, leptite, diabase, granite, gabro, amfibo legneiss etc.) (Tables 1, 2). The main part of the finds consists
of quartz- and flintstone flakes without secondary processing (Fig. 7,
and fen lumps. Also 69 quartz (1.1% of all quartz finds) and 44 flintstone
blades (2.9% of flint) were found (Fig. 7, 4, 5, 79). The length
of quartz blades is 0.94.8 cm, 59.4% of them are less than 2.5 cm long.
The width is 0.42.4 cm; 60.9% being up to 1.1 cm wide. One ridge occurs
in case of 45 blades, 21 blades are without ridges, and 3 have two ridges.
Flintstone blades are 0.84.7 cm long, with 65.9% shorter than 2 cm. The
width is 0.42.0 cm, a quarter being 0.5 cm wide. Thirty-three of the blades
have one ridge, five have two-ridges, and six are without ridges. Blade-like
flakes number 143, 72 of them are of quartz (1.1% of quartz) and 71 of
flintstone (4.7% of flint).
Fig. 6. The plan of the Kõpu VIII site Table
A total of six cores were obtained,
four from quartz (Fig. 8, 2), one from quartzite (0.08% of quartz),
and one from flintstone (0.07% of flintstone).
The number of small tools of
processing was 83 (1.0% of all the finds). Most of them were scrapers,
altogether 55 (66.3% of the small artefacts of secondary processing). Thirty-two
scrapers are made of quartz, three of quartzite (0.5% of quartz finds),
and twenty of flintstone (1.3% of flintstone). Side scrapers number 26
(15 of quartz and 11 of flint) (Fig. 7, 3; Fig. 8, 5, 6),
21 (14 of quartz, 2 of quartzite and 5 of flint) are end scrapers (Fig.
7, 1, 2; Fig. 8, 1) and 8 (3 of quartz, 1 of quartzite, and
4 of flint) are end-side scrapers. They are made of flake (27 of quartz,
3 of quartzite, and 13 of flint), blade-like flake (5 of quartz and 5 of
flint), or blade (2 of flint). Scrapers are of trapezial shape (11 of quartz,
1 of quartzite, 7 of flint), triangular (3 of quartz, 1 of quartzite, 11
of flint), oval (6 of quartz, 1 of flint), five-cornered (among them are
5 quartz scrapers of regular form, while 2 of quartz and 1 of quartzite
are irregular), rectangular (2 of quartz) and square (1 of quartz), or
of irregular form (2 of quartz, 1 of flint). Scrapers are mainly with a
narrow edge. Five flintstone scrapers have two edges and one has even four
edges. Seven quartz and quartzite scrapers have two edges. For the most
part (7) the scrapers with several edges have one edge at the end, two
edges at the side; 2 flintstone and 2 quartz scrapers have two side edges
(one flintstone scraper has two edges even on one side) and one quartz
scraper has two end edges. The edges of 17 quartz, 3 quartzite, and 7 flintstone
scrapers are convex; 15 quartz and 6 flintstone scrapers have straight
edges; 4 quartz, 1 quartzite and 5 flintstone scarpers have concave edges;
and 2 quartz and 10 flintstone scarpers have wavy edges. Flintstone scrapers
do not measure more than 3.5 cm, but one of them is even a microscaper.
Quartz and quartzite scrapers are usually bigger, their length is between
2.5 and 4.5 cm. Fig. 7. Flintstone scrapers (1–3), chips (4, 5, 7–9), a burin (6), and a flake (10) from the Kõpu VIII site (AI 6054:141, 114, 109, 150, 49, 98, 74, 126, 148, 109). Burins found numbered 23 (27.7% of smaller artefacts), 17 of them are of quartz (0.3% of the quartz finds) and 6 of flint (0.4% of flint finds). Corner edges occur in case of 12 quartz and flintstone burins (Fig. 7, 6; Fig. 8, 3) and 5 quartz and flintstone burins have an edge in the middle (Fig. 8, 6). Burins are made of flake (14 of quartz and 5 of flint), blade-like flake (2 of quartz and 1 of flint), and blade (1 of quartz). They are triangular (8 quartz and 5 flint burins), trapezial (6 quartz), oval (1 quartz and 1 flint), rectangular (1 quartz), and irregular (1 quartz) in shape. Quartz burins are 1.55.1 cm long, mostly 2.53.5 cm. Flintstone burins are 2.03.9 cm long. Fig. 8. Quartz scrapers (1, 5, 7), cores (2), burins (3, 6), and a point (4) from the Kõpu VIII site (AI 6021:36, 59, 46, 33, 29, 108, 96) Four artefacts classified as knives
were found (4.8% of the smaller finds), two of them are of quartz, one
is of quartzite (0.05% of quartz finds), and one of flintstone (0.07% of
flintstone finds). They have been made of blade-like flake except one that
is a quartz knife made of flake. Their shape is trapezial, one quartzite
knife is five-cornered. The edges are broad (more than 2.5 cm) and mainly
slating, the edge of flint knife retouched.
Among polyfunctional tools one flint
scraper-burin was disinterred. Both its parts have side edges, in the scraper
part it is broad and convex.
Among functional tools (that is finds
without special processing) six quartz points (0.1% of the quartz finds)
could be distinguished (Fig. 8, 4). They all have been made of flake
and they are triangular. Points are 2.67.0 cm long. One quartz striking
stone was also found.
The number of big stone artefacts
found was small. In addition to four undetermined stones with polished
surface a biotite-gneiss well-polished wedge edge and an axe-blank of gabro
oblong pebble (Fig. 9) were found. Eightteen sandstone polish stones (Fig.
10) or their fragments indicate to stone polishing. The sandstone is mainly
From this site 2031 hazelnut shells
(total weight 64.6 g) were gathered. The 14C date of
these nutshells is 6172±50 BP (Tln-2024), which corresponds to 52224958
BC (cal.). An attempt was made to date also the coal got at the site Kõpu
VIII; however, this yielded improbably young ages. As the cultural layer
was located directly on the ground and it was usually covered with a thin
sod layer, it is possible marks of later fire making occurred there.
Find material and the datings suggest
that the first inhabitants came to Kõpu Island already in the Late
Mesolithic. Traces of settlement on the coastal formation of the Ancylus
Lake date probably from the maximum water level of the Litorina Sea. The
whole settlement has been closely connected with the sea: people followed
the transgressing water. The results of the excavations made in 1995 refer
also to seasonal settlement, probably the area was frequented by seal hunters
(Kriiska, 1995a; Moora & Lõugas, 1995). The bulk of the scanty
osteological material consists of bones of ringed seal.5 ________
REFERENCES Kriiska, A.
1995a. Archäologische Ausgrabungen auf dem Standort der ehemalige
Steinzeitsiedlung Kõpu I (Ristipõllu). Proc. Estonian Acad.
Sci. Humanities and Social Sciences, 44, 4, 410416.
Kriiska, A. 1995b. Aruanne arheoloogilisest inspektsioonist ja
kaevamistest Kõpu "Ristipõllu" kiviaja asulakohal. Manuscript in the
Institute of History, Tallinn.
Moora, H. & Lõugas, L. 1995. Natural conditions at
the time of primary habitation of Hiiumaa Island. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci.
Humanities and Social Sciences, 44, 4, 472481.
Tavast, E. 1995. Subfossiilsed molluskid Hiiumaa vanades
rannavetes. In: XVIII Eesti loodusuurijate
päev. Hiiumaa loodus. 22.23. juuli 1995 Hiiumaa, Kuri. TartuTallinn,
12–17. ARHEOLOOGISED UURIMISTÖÖD KÕPU POOLSAAREL Aivar KRIISKA 1995. aastal jätkusid
Hiiumaal Kõpu poolsaarel. Kaevandid rajati Kõpu IV (31 m²)
ja Kõpu VIII asulakohale (kahe proovikaevandi kogupindala 10 m²;
joon. 1).
2832 m üle merepinna
IV asulakohal (joon. 2) kaevati välja u. poole meetri sügavuselt
maapinda süvendatud ca 5 m läbimõõduga kivikolle
(joon 3, tahv. I). Kokku saadi 546 leidu, neist 313 tulekivist ja 219
kvartsist (sh. üksikud kvartsiidist), 7 liivakivist ja 7 teistest
kivimitest. Suurema osa leidudest moodustasid killud. Teisase töötlusega
esemetest saadi kaheksa kvartskõõvitsat (joon. 4, 1–8,)
täiesti puudusid tulekiviesemed. Ainsaks lihvitud kiviesemeks oli
omapärase kujuga talva teraosa (joon. 5). Tuleasemelt kogutud süsi
andis 14C-dateeringuks 6757±51 (Tln-2016),
mis 95-protsendise tõenäosusega vastab aastatele 56805570
e.Kr. (cal.), ja 6640±60 (TA-2533), mis 95-protsendise tõenäosusega
vastab aastatele 55925444 e.Kr. (cal.).
2829 m üle merepinna paikneval
VIII asulakohal (joon. 6) mingeid konstruktsioone leida ei õnnestunud.
Siiski saadi üllatuslikult rohke leiuaines igalt ruutmeetrilt u.
800 leidu. Kogutud 7968 leiust olid 6373 kvartsist (sh. vähene kvartsiit),
1519 tulekivist, 18 liivakivist ja 58 muudest kivimitest. Leidude põhiosa
olid kvartsi- ja tulekivikillud. Leiti 69 kvarts- ja 44 tulekivilaastu;
4 kvartsist, 1 kvartsiidist ja 1 tulekivist nukleus; 32 kvarts-, 3 kvartsiit-
ja 20 tulekivikõõvitsat; 17 kvarts- ja 6 tulekiviuuritsat;
2 kvarts-, 1 kvartsiit- ja 1 tulekivinuga; 1 tulekivist kõõvitsuurits,
6 kvartsteravikku ning 1 löögikivi (joon. 7, 8). Suuri
kiviesemeid leiti vähe, mõne kivieseme fragmendi kõrval
oli vaid üks talva teraosa ja arvatav kivikirve toorik (joon. 9) Kivilihvimisele
osutavad ka 18 lihvimiskivi või nende fragmenti (joon. 10). Asulakohalt
kogutud sarapuupähkli koortest tehtud 14C-dateering
andis vanuseks 6172±50 (Tln-2024), mis vastab aastatele 52224958 e.Kr.
Mõlemad hilismesoliitilised
asulakohad tekkisid oletatavasti hülgeküttide hooajaliste peatuspaikadena. |


text:
Mobile Email MyUNIverse eLearning A-Z Index Calendar Directory Contact Employment Visit UNI
University of Northern Iowa Higher Learning Commission Accreditation Review
Key Performance Indicators
Current Situation
Opportunities and Challenges
Recommended Actions
Foundations Institutions promote student understanding of the various roles and purposes of higher education, both for the individual and society. These roles and purposes include knowledge acquisition for personal growth, learning to prepare for future employment, learning to become engaged citizens, and learning to serve the public good. Institutions encourage first-year students to examine systematically their motivation and goals with regard to higher education in general and to their own college/university. Students are exposed to the value of general education as well as to the value of more focused, in-depth study of a field or fields of knowledge (i.e., the major).
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Key Performance Indicators for the Roles and Purposes Dimension include:
- Communication of Purpose: the campus effectively communicates to students its vision for the following purposes of higher education: knowledge acquisition for personal growth, learning to prepare for future employment, learning for engaged citizenship, and learning for serving the public good.
- Personal Motivation: the institution intentionally provides opportunities for first-year students to examine their personal motivation for pursuing higher education.
- Communication of Intended Outcomes: the campus effectively communicates its rationale for required courses, required competencies (e.g., library skills, writing, computing), and requirements for entry into majors.
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Current Situation
Communication of Purpose
The review of the evidence revealed no consistent, university-wide approach to providing information on the roles and purposes of higher education. For example, the current institutional Strategic Plan does address values such as service to the State of Iowa, expansive awareness of multiple perspectives characteristic of a global society, personalized character building experiences, and opportunities for students to provide service to the greater community, but there was no prominent information addressing roles and purposes in UNI's admissions literature or on the Web site. The new strategic plan process began in fall 2009.
Individual colleges and non-academic departments vary considerably in how their mission statements and other information sources address roles and purposes. The Liberal Arts Core, however, is one area in which the University has most clearly articulated information about the roles and purposes of higher education. The 2008-2010 University Catalog notes the foundational nature of the LAC to the University's undergraduate programs, and quotes extensively from the Association of American Colleges and Universities' "Statement on Liberal Learning," (1999) to describe the roles and purposes of a liberal education.[1] This statement is also linked to the LAC website, along with a new UNI specific Purposes and Goals statement for the LAC, which the University Faculty Senate approved in October 2009. The LAC website also contains information which faculty can put on their syllabi for first-year level LAC courses,[2] but it is unclear how many faculty use this resource. At present syllabi for first-year level LAC courses are inconsistent in their presentation of information regarding the roles and purposes of higher education.[3]
There were some examples of units that incorporate broad roles and purposes information into their mission statements. For example, the Office of Academic Advising goals include helping a student to:
- Find/create logic in her/his education.
- View the curriculum as a whole.
- Make educational choices based on a developing sense of self.
- Enhance learning experiences by relating them to previously learned knowledge.[4]
The Department of Residence mission statement addresses the importance of providing an environment that encourages students to become engaged, productive citizens of the University, and states its intent to "build communities of outstanding citizens and scholars through example, challenge and support."[5]
After a review of the evidence related to this performance indicator, the committee concluded that the University does not have a unified campus-wide philosophy, statement, or approach that addresses the roles and purposes of higher education. Pieces of roles and purposes-related information are communicated through some programs and venues, but there is not a consistent, integrated approach to this communication. Nonetheless, students seem to understand how attending college does increase their knowledge for future employment, personal growth, being an involved member of their community, and contributing to the betterment of society, as seen in Table 16.1 below. Faculty and staff, however, believe the University stresses preparing students for their future employment more than its other purposes as an institution of higher education, as shown in Table 16.2 below.
Table 16.1 Student Survey – Roles and Purposes
Question # |
Question Text |
Response |
1 or 2 |
3 |
4 or 5 |
Mean |
14 |
To what degree have faculty/staff advisors discussed how college can help you achieve your life goals? |
16.1% |
33% |
50.9% |
3.48 |
41 |
To what degree have faculty/staff helped you examine your personal reasons for getting a college education? |
29.2% |
36.8% |
34.1% |
3.04 |
42 |
To what degree do you understand this institution's intended learning goals for the first year of college? |
19.1% |
32.5% |
48.4% |
3.38 |
43 |
To what degree does this institution help you understand how attending college increases knowledge for your future employment? |
8% |
25% |
67% |
3.81 |
44 |
To what degree does this institution help you understand how attending college increases knowledge for your personal growth? |
7.8% |
25% |
67.1% |
3.80 |
45 |
To what degree does this institution help you understand how attending college prepares you to be an involved member of your community? |
12.3% |
29.8% |
57.9% |
3.63 |
46 |
To what degree does this institution help you understand how attending college prepares you to contribute to the betterment of society? |
10.8% |
29.5% |
59.7% |
3.65 |
1=Not at all; 2=Slight; 3=Moderate; 4=High; 5=Very High |
Table 16.2 Faculty/Staff Survey – Roles and Purposes
Question # |
Question Text |
Response |
1 or 2 |
3 |
4 or 5 |
Mean |
42 |
To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: knowledge for personal growth? |
28.3% |
41% |
30.6% |
3.04 |
43 |
To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: preparation for future employment? |
15.3% |
31.9% |
52.8% |
3.47 |
44 |
To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: active engagement in the community? |
34.1% |
40.4% |
25.5% |
2.91 |
45 |
To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: contributions to the betterment of society? |
38.3% |
38.7% |
23% |
2.83 |
46 |
To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore their motivation for getting a college education in terms of achievement of their life goals? |
28.3% |
41.7% |
30% |
3.00 |
1=Not at all; 2=Slight; 3=Moderate; 4=High; 5=Very High |
Personal Motivation
The FoE student survey suggests that students feel UNI helps them understand how attending college prepares them for future employment, to be involved members of their communities, to contribute to the betterment of society, and how it leads to their personal growth. There is less evidence to suggest that students feel the University is providing organized or systematic opportunities for students to examine their personal reasons for pursuing collegiate study. On the FoE student survey, the lowest rated item was the question asking, "To what degree have faculty/staff helped you examine your personal reasons for getting a college education?"(Q41) with a mean of 3.04/5.0.
The highest rating on both the student (3.81) and faculty/staff (3.47) FoE surveys was for the question, "To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: preparation for future employment?"(Q43-Faculty Survey; Q43-Student Survey) The second highest rating on both surveys (3.80 for students and 3.04 for faculty/staff) was for the question, "To what degree does this institution help first-year students explore the following purpose of higher education: knowledge for personal growth?" (Q42-Faculty Survey; Q44-Student Survey)
The LAC provides opportunities for students to experience non-career specific academic offerings, and the LAC Committee has been attempting to highlight how courses from the core contribute to the development of a well-rounded individual, but these efforts fall short of a campus-wide commitment. In examining the LAC information on the UNI Webpage,[6] it is evident that much of the information about the LAC that addresses roles and purposes is directed towards students and parents, rather than faculty, although there have been recent efforts to address this oversight. For example, the LAC committee drafted a document "Purposes and Goals of the Liberal Arts Core," which was, officially approved by the Faculty Senate on October 12, 2009, and has been placed on the LAC website.[7] This less intentional communication with faculty/staff about the role of the LAC and college education in general for students may help explain the discrepancy in the FoE student and faculty/staff surveys, in which the students rated UNI's attention to the Roles and Purposes Dimension consistently higher than faculty/staff did.
Communication of Intended Outcomes
The LAC is the core curriculum at UNI. The campus committee charged with oversight of the LAC has made considerable effort to communicate the rationale for a required general education to students; however, the rationale could be communicated more effectively to faculty/staff, as mentioned above. Faculty have been encouraged to include statements about the LAC on their syllabi for LAC courses.[8]
There is a LAC category (category 1) which focuses on core competencies for all students, with a clear statement of the purpose of this category provided for both students and faculty/staff.[9] These competencies include written, oral, and quantitative communication competencies, as well as personal wellness awareness.
The requirements for entry into the major areas are addressed in numerous areas including academic advising and the various introductory courses for the majors; however, it is not clear if students are aware of the outcomes of their major and how those outcomes relate to LAC goals/purposes in all programs. Some departments are following the nationwide trend to use electronic portfolios to help students reflect on their learning in their major and LAC courses.[10] For example, the Communication Studies Department introduces their liberal arts majors to e-portfolios in one of their first major courses, encouraging students to place artifacts there, with accompanying reflections, for each of the LAC goals/purposes and their major goals, as well as three to five employment-related skills areas the student chooses.
Even with all of the communication to students about the roles and purposes of higher education, the survey indicates this same information is not communicated as well to faculty/staff. For example, there is no evidence that current faculty are talking about such issues systematically, as they did in the past when participating in intentional discussions about the Qualities of an Educated Person from 1996-1999.[11] However, it is unclear whether any of the information from that report ended up being used to formulate new curriculum or initiatives on campus. Perhaps the new review process for the Liberal Arts Core, which is ongoing, will encourage such conversations and change to take place.
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Opportunities and Challenges
- Most first-year students coming to UNI have some college credits, but may not have been exposed to any roles and purposes information in those college credit courses. Since approximately 1/3 of incoming new students are transfers, there is no assurance they will have received information related to UNI's beliefs about the roles and purposes of higher education.
- There are many opportunities in place for students to fulfill most of the ideals of the Roles and Purposes Dimension. However, there appear to be few if any direct opportunities for students to examine systematically their motivation and goals with regard to highereducation in general and in their UNI experience specifically.
- There is no unified first-year statement or philosophy for UNI which could guide exploration of the roles and purposes of higher education for students in the first year.
- Major initiatives, such as the revision of the institutional strategic plan and the ongoing reaccreditation process, offer an opportunity to incorporate a unified roles and purposes statement across the institution.
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Recommended Actions
1. Include a Roles and Purposes Statement in the New University Strategic Plan, which Emphasizes the Role of the First Year in Disseminating this Information to Students
a. The university should include a clearly articulated statement of roles and purposes for higher education at UNI.
b. The drafting of this statement should be an inclusive process, involving representation from the entire University community, alumni, and the community at large.
c. The statement should also be consistently communicated and incorporated in all University publications and settings.
d. The statement should directly address first-year student needs.
2. Develop a Faculty Development Program which Incorporates Broad First-Year Student Information and Specific Roles and Purposes Information
a. Topics should include roles and purposes, core competencies, the LAC purposes and goals, and resources on campus.
b. Faculty should be encouraged to include such information in their course syllabi.
3. Develop Opportunities for Students to Explore both the General Roles and Purposes of Higher Education, and their own Personal Motivation for Pursuing Higher Education
a. The University should develop systematic opportunities for students to examine their motivation and goals with regards to higher education in programs such as orientation, residence life, and the LAC.
b. The University should investigate the use of e-portfolios as a tool through which roles and purposes information can be communicated, and through which students can personally process this information in an intentional way. E-portfolios could be a tool for two-way communication between students and faculty, related to their personal exploration of educational roles and purposes.


text:
The Rimrock Plastic Modelers Fall Contest and Show is scheduled for Saturday September 15, 2012
9:00am - 3:00pm with awards at 2:30
It will be in the basement of the Shrine Auditorium,1125 Broadwater Ave
Billings, Montana.
The theme class is: The Greatest Generation '39-'45
The rules and classes will be the same as last year.
Billings, MT Contest & Show Sept.15
Started by heepey, Sep 11 2012 08:32 AM
No replies to this topic


text:
The 28 Funniest Notes Written By Kids In 2013
The future leaders of America are starting out on the right tiny foot.
2. They took a good hard look in the mirror and confronted themselves.
6. They made sure their voices were heard, no matter how controversial the opinion.
imgur.com / Via reddit.com
10. They learned from generations before them and made informed decisions.
15. But they weren't afraid to speak their minds to draconian babysitters.
26. We could learn a thing or two from their fortitude.
imgur.com / Via reddit.com
28. Because after all, they're not too proud to learn from us.
imgur.com / Via reddit.com


text:
Sometimes offseason signings are calculated risks that pay off.
Sometimes they leave you shaking your head wondering if the organization you root for just made a mistake.
Tomas Vokoun, who signed with the Capitals for $1.5 million this offseason, is the former.
Granted, his debut against the Tampa Bay Lightning was not ideal. He gave up five goals on the night, one of which was deflected off Mike Green. But Vokoun is a notoriously slow starter.
Here are his career splits, courtesy of Hockey-Reference.com:
October | 79 | 0.911 | 2.77 |
November | 105 | 0.917 | 2.53 |
December | 99 | 0.916 | 2.59 |
January | 115 | 0.919 | 2.46 |
February | 97 | 0.919 | 2.53 |
March | 114 | 0.915 | 2.60 |
April | 24 | 0.923 | 2.31 |
Career | 633 | 0.917 | 2.56 |
October has always been his worst month, and that was compounded recently by Florida's anemic offense.
Among the 20 netminders with at least 10,000 minutes played these past four years, just one has had a better save percentage (Tim Thomas, .928) and only half posted a better goals against average. None had a worse winning percentage.
The reason is simple: goal support.
Florida managed merely 2.33 goals in support of Vokoun's starts, which is part of the reason last night marked the first time in his career he won a game in which he gave up five goals.
Michal Neuvirth is a solid netminder, but Tomas Vokoun is an elite one. He was simply the victim of some less-than-stellar teams in front of him. That changed when he hit the ice on Monday night, and by the end of the season we'll look back and laugh how everyone else thought it was time to panic way back in October.
Follow Neil on Twitter: @ngreenberg.


text:
Conference Information
Full Title: | 9th Conference on Legal Translation, Court Interpreting and Comparative Legilinguistics |
Location: | Poznań, Poland |
Start Date: | 04-Jul-2014 - 06-Jul-2014 |
Contact: | Joanna Nowak-Michalska |
Meeting Email: | click here to access email |
Meeting URL: | http://www.lingualegis.amu.edu.pl/?lang=en |
Meeting Description: | The Institute of Linguistics at Adam Mickiewicz University will hold an international conference devoted to language and the law. Our aim is to provide a forum for discussion in those scientific fields where linguistic and legal interests converge, and to facilitate integration between linguists, computer scientists and lawyers from all around the world. Registration: In order to register you should submit via email the following data: - First Name/Imię - Surname/Nazwisko - University degree/tytuł lub stopień naukowy - Address for Correspondence/adres korespondencyjny - Institution/Instytucja wysyłająca - Passport Number/numer paszportu - Do you need an invitation letter/czy potrzebne jest zaproszenie - Data for the invoice including tax identification number or equivalent/Dane do faktury wraz z numerem NIP - Date of the money transfer/Data dokonania przelewu - Other comments (e.g. vegetarian diet, etc.)/inne uwagi Conference Fee: Early payment by 20 March 2014: 150 Payment from 21 March to 20 April 2014: 175 Payment after 21 April or on arrival: 200 The conference fee includes the cost of the conference gala dinner, 3 lunches, tea breaks and publication of papers after positive reviews. We kindly request you to pay the fee into the following account: Adam Mickiewicz University BZ WBK IBAN: PL 77 1090 1362 0000 0000 3601 7903 Swift: WBK PPLPP For: 711 802 your name and surname Note: It is vital that you place on your money transfer the following number: 711 802. No partial registration is envisaged, so it will not be possible to register for just one or two days. We do not accept credit cards. Cancellation policy: In case of cancellations the conference fee is not refunded. Languages: Polish, English, Spanish, Russian, German and French. |
Linguistic Subfield: | Applied Linguistics; Forensic Linguistics; Translation |
LL Issue: | 24.3906 |
Back | |
Calls and Conferences main page |


text: Vulnerability VPN-1/FireWall-1 Affected VPN-1/FireWall-1 4.1 Description A security issue exists in VPN-1/FireWall-1 version 4.1 whereby a valid firewall administrator connecting from an authorized management client may send malicious data to a management station inside a control connection, possibly preventing proper operation of the management station. This issue exists because some instances of improper string formatting occur in VPN-1/FireWall-1 version 4.1. By sending specially constructed commands through authorized communication channels, arbitrary code may be inserted onto the operating system stack of a VPN-1/FireWall-1 management station. This vulnerability may only be exploited by an authorized and authenticated VPN-1/FireWall-1 administrator connecting from a workstation explicitly trusted by the management station, although read/write permission is not required in order to perform this attack. Since full access (read/write) administrators and those at the local system console already have direct access to the firewall system, this is an escalation of privilege only for read-only administrators. All installations of VPN-1/FireWall-1 which allow remote GUI connections should be assumed vulnerable to this exploit. It should be noted again that the attack must be made by an authorized and valid VPN-1/FireWall-1 administrator connecting from an authorized GUI client station. This issue has been reported to Check Point by Halvar Flake, senior reverse engineer of BlackHat Consulting. Solution Restrict remote GUI access for read/only firewall administrators; review list of administrators and authorized GUI clients. For all users, upgrade to VPN-1/FireWall-1 4.1 Service Pack 4 and install the SP4 hotfix. This hotfix only needs to be applied to management stations, not firewall modules. Check Point/Nokia Appliances (IPSO) and AIX Note: Since 4.1 SP3 is the most recent version of VPN-1/FireWall-1 released for these platforms, the hotfix for these will be released for 4.1 SP3. Future service packs will incorporate the fix.


text:
Common Man
3 Common Man Articles
Amitabh Bachchan: Money for Bitiya's first picture shall never be entertained!
3 years ago 4New 'dadaji' Amitabh Bachchan says no publication has offered a big amount for Aishwarya and Abhishek's daughter's first pictures That publications… Read Article ▶
Amitabh Bachchan joins hands with Shirish Kunder…
3 years ago 1... but we hope we are not in for another Tees Maar Khan type film that'll make us squirm in our seats! Looks like Shirish Kunder aka Mr Farah Khan… Read Article ▶
Amitabh Bachchan signs Shirish Kunder's film 'Common Man'
3 years ago 0After striking a chord with the 'aam aadmi' or common man of India with Kaun Banega Crorepati 5, Amitabh Bachchan has now signed Shirish Kunder's… Read Article ▶
More Common Man


text:
God Responds to a Suicidal Woman's Distress
The most devastating words Sandra remembers ever saying were, "If it wasn't for the Child Survival Program, I would have killed myself."
After his accident, Biswanath lost all his expectations for life. He couldn't find a job due to his weak leg. He struggled to provide for his family and began selling marijuana. The dark side of life grabbed him.


text:
San Francisco 49ers Gear
San Francisco 49ers Mens
San Francisco 49ers Mens Sweatshirts & Fleece
(98 items)
Product ID: 1160053
Main Content
Once again it's your favorite time of year, and you have been waiting for months to see what the 49ers are bringing to the field this year. Even though Sundays are heating up with your favorite NFL rivalries battling it out for a chance at the Super Bowl, the temperature outside is starting to drop. Combat that autumn chill with Antigua's Signature hoodie. Its plush fleece lining will keep you comfy and warm, and the applique San Francisco logo won't sacrifice your team pride. You'll be ready to take on the cold weather, and cheer the Niners onto victory in your new hoodie.
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Catching an otherwise invisible moment in a super-fast action event is the territory of Rapid...
The Photography five golden rules for Dennis Schoenberg
Akis Douzlatzis is an award winning wedding and portrait photographer based in Greece.
Editorial photographer John Robertson's tips for environmental portraiture.
Environmental Portraiture
Illuminated Ground
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Must Love Beer
's Album:
Tasting Pics, Ratings, Reviews 20?? - 2015
Reviews & Ratings of each beer pictured
Photo 222 of 780 in Tasting Pics, Ratings, Reviews 20?? - 2015
St. Sebastiaan "Golden"
Brouwerij Sterkens - Meer, Belgium
Belgian Blonde Ale (ABV 7.7%)
[Suggested Glassware: Trappist Glass]
Rating: 3.2/5.0
Aroma: 8/10
Appearance: 4/5
Taste: 6/10
Palate: 3/5
Overall: 12/20
The pour was a clear light golden yellow with an average (1-2 finger) white creamy head that had great retention and superb sheets of lacing.
The aroma was of a light grain malt and a musty sweet Belgian yeast with notes of banana, green apple, citrus (lemon), bubblegum and coriander.
The taste was malty and lightly sweet with a touch of apple and a hint of banana early on, with a nice fruity ester creeping in along with a bold yeasty presence and just a bit of spice at the end. The flavor lasted only a short time proceeding the swallow with the fruity yeast taste lingering for a little while, before fading away entirely.
Mouthfeel was light in body with a watery yet mildly dry texture and a strong lively carbonation.
Overall a light flavorful Belgian Ale with a great drinkability, which could be dangerous considering the somewhat higher ABV...
Sampled: 9/18/2012
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Gut Buster has some of the biggest vertical climb of Expresso worlds. Mercifully, it's a consistent grade the whole way. The back five miles is mostly downhill; you can make up time if you still have the energy.
If you accept this challenge then the next time you ride "Gut Buster" on the Expresso bike, the ghost of J. Théoduloz will appear on your screen. Good Luck!
Rider: | J. Théoduloz |
Tour: | Gut Buster |
Miles: | 11.03 |
Time: | 49:28 |
Calories: | 475 |
Speed: | 13.4 MPH |
Power: | 136 Watts |


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Enjoy 36 Hours Of Christmas Music, Commercial-Free On Fresh 102.5!
It's our gift to you… 36 Hours of Christmas music, commercial free!
Secret Santa Do's & Don'ts
Here are some great tips to help you select the best Secret Santa gift for your friend or co-worker this year!
Fresh Christmas Party 2014
Fresh Christmas party winners had a wonderful time!
Christmas Carolers Flash Mob
A Christmas Carol Flash Mob.
#NationalBakeCookieDay: Christmas Edition
There is nothing like a fresh batch of warm cookies!
10 Christmas Gift Ideas For College Students
Let's just say funds are limited when you are a college student, so when you come home for Christmas, hopes are high for good presents under the tree.
12 Days of Trish-Mas: Kindergartners Singing their Christmas Carol
These cute little kindergartners spread holiday cheer with a song!
VIDEO: Random Acts of Kindness – Paying for Groceries
Greg Hewitt shared a few Random Acts of Kindness this week in Brentwood at the Schnucks.
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Where can you get stocking stuffers that will wow your kids and not break the bank?
12 Days of Trish-Mas: A Christmas Carol from 2nd graders!
There's nothing better than hearing kids sing Christmas Carols! Here we visit Mrs. Touzinsky's 2nd grade class at St. Margaret Mary Alacoque…featuring my nephew Jack!!


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Bell test experiments
Quantum mechanics |
Bell test experiments or Bell's inequality experiments are designed to demonstrate the real world existence of certain theoretical consequences of the phenomenon of entanglement in quantum mechanics which could not possibly occur according to a classical picture of the world, characterised by the notion of local realism. Under local realism, correlations between outcomes of different measurements performed on separated physical systems have to satisfy certain constraints, called Bell inequalities. John Bell derived the first inequality of this kind in his paper "On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox".[1] Bell's Theorem states that the predictions of quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by any local hidden variable theory.
The term "Bell inequality" can mean any one of a number of inequalities satisfied by local hidden variables theories; in practice, in present day experiments, most often the CHSH; earlier the CH74 inequality. All these inequalities, like the original inequality of Bell, by assuming local realism, place restrictions on the statistical results of experiments on sets of particles that have taken part in an interaction and then separated. A Bell test experiment is one designed to test whether or not the real world satisfies local realism.
- 1 Conduct of optical Bell test experiments
- 2 Experimental assumptions
- 3 Notable experiments
- 3.1 Freedman and Clauser, 1972
- 3.2 Aspect, 1981-2
- 3.3 Tittel and the Geneva group, 1998
- 3.4 Weihs' experiment under "strict Einstein locality" conditions
- 3.5 Pan et al.'s (2000) experiment on the GHZ state
- 3.6 Rowe et al. (2001) are the first to close the detection loophole
- 3.7 Gröblacher et al. (2007) test of Leggett-type non-local realist theories
- 3.8 Salart et al. (2008) Separation in a Bell Test
- 3.9 Ansmann et al. (2009) Overcoming the detection loophole in solid state
- 3.10 Giustina et al. (2013) Overcoming the detection loophole for photons
- 4 Loopholes
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
Conduct of optical Bell test experiments[edit]
In practice most actual experiments have used light, assumed to be emitted in the form of particle-like photons (produced by atomic cascade or spontaneous parametric down conversion), rather than the atoms that Bell originally had in mind. The property of interest is, in the best known experiments, the polarisation direction, though other properties can be used. Such experiments fall into two classes, depending on whether the analysers used have one or two output channels.
A typical CHSH (two-channel) experiment[edit]
The diagram shows a typical optical experiment of the two-channel kind for which Alain Aspect set a precedent in 1982.[2] Coincidences (simultaneous detections) are recorded, the results being categorised as '++', '+−', '−+' or '−−' and corresponding counts accumulated.
Four separate subexperiments are conducted, corresponding to the four terms E(a, b) in the test statistic S (equation (2) shown below). The settings a, a′, b and b′ are generally in practice chosen to be 0, 45°, 22.5° and 67.5° respectively — the "Bell test angles" — these being the ones for which the quantum mechanical formula gives the greatest violation of the inequality.
For each selected value of a and b, the numbers of coincidences in each category (N++, N--, N+- and N-+) are recorded. The experimental estimate for E(a, b) is then calculated as:
Once all four E's have been estimated, an experimental estimate of the test statistic
(2) S = E(a, b) − E(a, b′) + E(a′, b) + E(a′, b′)
can be found. If S is numerically greater than 2 it has infringed the CHSH inequality. The experiment is declared to have supported the QM prediction and ruled out all local hidden variable theories.
A strong assumption has had to be made, however, to justify use of expression (2). It has been assumed that the sample of detected pairs is representative of the pairs emitted by the source. That this assumption may not be true comprises the fair sampling loophole.
The derivation of the inequality is given in the CHSH Bell test page.
A typical CH74 (single-channel) experiment[edit]
Prior to 1982 all actual Bell tests used "single-channel" polarisers and variations on an inequality designed for this setup. The latter is described in Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt's much-cited 1969 article as being the one suitable for practical use.[3] As with the CHSH test, there are four subexperiments in which each polariser takes one of two possible settings, but in addition there are other subexperiments in which one or other polariser or both are absent. Counts are taken as before and used to estimate the test statistic.
(3) S = (N(a, b) − N(a, b′) + N(a′, b) + N(a′, b′) − N(a′, ∞) − N(∞, b)) / N(∞, ∞),
where the symbol ∞ indicates absence of a polariser.
If S exceeds 0 then the experiment is declared to have infringed Bell's inequality and hence to have "refuted local realism". In order to derive (3), CHSH in their 1969 paper had to make an extra assumption, the so-called "fair sampling" assumption. This means that the probability of detection of a given photon, once it has passed the polarizer, is independent of the polarizer setting (including the 'absence' setting). If this assumption were violated, then in principle an LHV model could violate the CHSH inequality.
In a later 1974 article, Clauser and Horne replaced this assumption by a much weaker, "no enhancement" assumption, deriving a modified inequality, see the page on Clauser and Horne's 1974 Bell test.[4]
Experimental assumptions[edit]
In addition to the theoretical assumptions made, there are practical ones. There may, for example, be a number of "accidental coincidences" in addition to those of interest. It is assumed that no bias is introduced by subtracting their estimated number before calculating S, but that this is true is not considered by some to be obvious. There may be synchronisation problems — ambiguity in recognising pairs due to the fact that in practice they will not be detected at exactly the same time.
Nevertheless, despite all these deficiencies of the actual experiments, one striking fact emerges: the results are, to a very good approximation, what quantum mechanics predicts. If imperfect experiments give us such excellent overlap with quantum predictions, most working quantum physicists would agree with John Bell in expecting that, when a perfect Bell test is done, the Bell inequalities will still be violated. This attitude has led to the emergence of a new sub-field of physics which is now known as quantum information theory. One of the main achievements of this new branch of physics is showing that violation of Bell's inequalities leads to the possibility of a secure information transfer, which utilizes the so-called quantum cryptography (involving entangled states of pairs of particles).
Notable experiments[edit]
Over the past thirty or so years, a great number of Bell test experiments have now been conducted. These experiments are subject to assumptions, in particular the 'no enhancement' hypothesis of Clauser and Horne (above). The experiments are commonly interpreted to rule out local hidden variable theories, though so far no experiment has been performed which is not subject to either the locality loophole or the detection loophole. An experiment free of the locality loophole is one where for each separate measurement and in each wing of the experiment, a new setting is chosen and the measurement completed before signals could communicate the settings from one wing of the experiment to the other. An experiment free of the detection loophole is one where close to 100% of the successful measurement outcomes in one wing of the experiment are paired with a successful measurement in the other wing. This percentage is called the efficiency of the experiment. Advancements in technology have led to significant improvement in efficiencies, as well as a greater variety of methods to test the Bell Theorem. The challenge is to combine high efficiency with rapid generation of measurement settings and completion of measurements.
Some of the best known:
Freedman and Clauser, 1972[edit]
This was the first actual Bell test, using Freedman's inequality, a variant on the CH74 inequality.[5]
Aspect, 1981-2[edit]
Alain Aspect and his team at Orsay, Paris, conducted three Bell tests using calcium cascade sources. The first and last used the CH74 inequality. The second was the first application of the CHSH inequality. The third (and most famous) was arranged such that the choice between the two settings on each side was made during the flight of the photons (as originally suggested by John Bell).[6][7]
Tittel and the Geneva group, 1998[edit]
The Geneva 1998 Bell test experiments showed that distance did not destroy the "entanglement". Light was sent in fibre optic cables over distances of several kilometers before it was analysed. As with almost all Bell tests since about 1985, a "parametric down-conversion" (PDC) source was used.[8][9]
Weihs' experiment under "strict Einstein locality" conditions[edit]
In 1998 Gregor Weihs and a team at Innsbruck, led by Anton Zeilinger, conducted an ingenious experiment that closed the "locality" loophole, improving on Aspect's of 1982. The choice of detector was made using a quantum process to ensure that it was random. This test violated the CHSH inequality by over 30 standard deviations, the coincidence curves agreeing with those predicted by quantum theory.[10]
Pan et al.'s (2000) experiment on the GHZ state[edit]
This is the first of new Bell-type experiments on more than two particles; this one uses the so-called GHZ state of three particles.[11]
Rowe et al. (2001) are the first to close the detection loophole[edit]
The detection loophole was first closed in an experiment with two entangled trapped ions, carried out in the ion storage group of David Wineland at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder. The experiment had detection efficiencies well over 90%.[12]
Gröblacher et al. (2007) test of Leggett-type non-local realist theories[edit]
A specific class of non-local theories suggested by Anthony Leggett is ruled out. Based on this, the authors conclude that any possible non-local hidden variable theory consistent with quantum mechanics must be highly counterintuitive.[13][14]
Salart et al. (2008) Separation in a Bell Test[edit]
This experiment filled a loophole by providing an 18 km separation between detectors, which is sufficient to allow the completion of the quantum state measurements before any information could have traveled between the two detectors.[15][16]
Ansmann et al. (2009) Overcoming the detection loophole in solid state[edit]
This was the first experiment testing Bell inequalities with solid-state qubits (superconducting Josephson phase qubits were used). This experiment surmounted the detection loophole using a pair of superconducting qubits in an entangled state. However, the experiment still suffered from the locality loophole because the qubits were only separated by a few millimeters.[17]
Giustina et al. (2013) Overcoming the detection loophole for photons[edit]
The detection loophole for photons has been closed for the first time in a group by Anton Zeilinger, using highly efficient detectors. This makes photons the first system for which all of the main loopholes have been closed, albeit in different experiments. [18]
Though the series of increasingly sophisticated Bell test experiments has convinced the physics community in general that local realism is untenable, it remains true that the outcome of every single experiment done so far that violates a Bell inequality can still theoretically be explained by local realism, by exploiting the detection loophole and/or the locality loophole. The locality (or communication) loophole means that since in actual practice the two detections are separated by a time-like interval, the first detection may influence the second by some kind of signal. To avoid this loophole, the experimenter has to ensure that particles travel far apart before being measured, and that the measurement process is rapid. More serious is the detection (or unfair sampling) loophole, due to the fact that particles are not always detected in both wings of the experiment. It can be imagined that the complete set of particles would behave randomly, but instruments only detect a subsample showing quantum correlations, by letting detection be dependent on a combination of local hidden variables and detector setting. Experimenters have repeatedly stated that loophole-free tests can be expected in the near future.[19] On the other hand, some researchers point out the logical possibility that quantum physics itself prevents a loophole-free test from ever being implemented.[20][21]
See also[edit]
- ^ J.S. Bell (1964), Physics 1: 195–200 Missing or empty
(help) - ^ Alain Aspect, Philippe Grangier, Gérard Roger (1982), "Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities", Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (2): 91–4, Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49...91A, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.91
- ^ J.F. Clauser, M.A. Horne, A. Shimony, R.A. Holt (1969), "Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories", Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 (15): 880–4, Bibcode:1969PhRvL..23..880C, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880
- ^ J.F. Clauser, M.A. Horne (1974), "Experimental consequences of objective local theories", Phys. Rev. D 10 (2): 526–35, Bibcode:1974PhRvD..10..526C, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.10.526
- ^ S.J. Freedman, J.F. Clauser (1972), "Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories", Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (938), Bibcode:1972PhRvL..28..938F, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.938
- ^ Alain Aspect, Philippe Grangier, Gérard Roger (1981), "Experimental Tests of Realistic Local Theories via Bell's Theorem", Phys. Rev. Lett. 47 (7): 460–3, Bibcode:1981PhRvL..47..460A, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.47.460
- ^ Alain Aspect, Jean Dalibard, Gérard Roger (1982), "Experimental Test of Bell's Inequalities Using Time-Varying Analyzers", Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (25): 1804–7, Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49.1804A, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1804
- ^ W. Tittel, J. Brendel, B. Gisin, T. Herzog, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin (1998), "Experimental demonstration of quantum-correlations over more than 10 kilometers", Physical Review A 57: 3229, arXiv:quant-ph/9707042, Bibcode:1998PhRvA..57.3229T, doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.57.3229
- ^ W. Tittel, J. Brendel, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin (1998), "Violation of Bell inequalities by photons more than 10 km apart", Physical Review Letters 81: 3563-6, arXiv:quant-ph/9806043, Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.3563T, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.3563
- ^ G. Weihs, T. Jennewein, C. Simon, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger (1998), "Violation of Bell's inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions", Phys. Rev. Lett. 81: 5039, arXiv:quant-ph/9810080, Bibcode:1998PhRvL..81.5039W, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5039
- ^ Jian-Wei Pan, D. Bouwmeester, M. Daniell, H. Weinfurter & A. Zeilinger (2000). "Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon GHZ entanglement". Nature 403 (6769): 515–519. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..515P. doi:10.1038/35000514.
- ^ M.A. Rowe, D. Kielpinski, V. Meyer, C.A. Sackett, W.M. Itano, C. Monroe, D.J. Wineland (2001), "Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection", Nature 409 (6822): 791–94, Bibcode:2001Natur.409..791K, doi:10.1038/35057215
- ^ Quantum physics says goodbye to reality, physicsworld.com, 2007
- ^ S Gröblacher, T Paterek, Rainer Kaltenbaek, S Brukner, M Zdotukowski, M Aspelmeyer, A Zeilinger (2006), "An experimental test of non-local realism", Nature 446: 871–5, arXiv:0704.2529, Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G, doi:10.1038/nature05677, PMID 17443179
- ^ Salart, D.; Baas, A.; van Houwelingen, J. A. W.; Gisin, N.; and Zbinden, H. (2008), "Spacelike Separation in a Bell Test Assuming Gravitationally Induced Collapses", Physical Review Letters 100 (22): 220404, arXiv:0803.2425, Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100v0404S, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.220404
- ^ World's Largest Quantum Bell Test Spans Three Swiss Towns, phys.org, 2008-06-16
- ^ Ansmann, Markus; H. Wang, Radoslaw C. Bialczak, Max Hofheinz, Erik Lucero, M. Neeley, A. D. O'Connell, D. Sank, M. Weides, J. Wenner, A. N. Cleland, John M. Martinis (2009-09-24). "Violation of Bell's inequality in Josephson phase qubits". Nature 461 (504-6): 2009. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..504A. doi:10.1038/nature08363.
- ^ Giustina, Marissa; Alexandra Mech, Sven Ramelow, Bernhard Wittmann, Johannes Kofler, Jörn Beyer, Adriana Lita, Brice Calkins, Thomas Gerrits, Sae Woo Nam, Rupert Ursin & Anton Zeilinger (2013-04-14). "Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption". Nature 497 (7448): 227-30. arXiv:1212.0533. Bibcode:2013Natur.497..227G. doi:10.1038/nature12012.
- ^ R. García-Patrón, J. Fiurácek, N. J. Cerf, J. Wenger, R. Tualle-Brouri, Ph. Grangier (2004), "Proposal for a Loophole-Free Bell Test Using Homodyne Detection", Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (13): 130409, arXiv:quant-ph/0403191, Bibcode:2004PhRvL..93m0409G, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.130409
- ^ Richard D. Gill (2003), "Time, Finite Statistics, and Bell's Fifth Position", Foundations of Probability and Physics - 2 (Vaxjo Univ. Press): 179–206, arXiv:quant-ph/0301059, Bibcode:2003quant.ph..1059G
- ^ Emilio Santos (2005), "Bell's theorem and the experiments: Increasing empirical support to local realism", Studies In History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 36 (3): 544–65, arXiv:quant-ph/0410193, doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2005.05.007
Further reading[edit]
- J. Barrett, D. Collins, L. Hardy, A. Kent, S. Popescu (2002), "Quantum Nonlocality, Bell Inequalities and the Memory Loophole", Phys. Rev. A 66 (4): 042111, arXiv:quant-ph/0205016, Bibcode:2002PhRvA..66d2111B, doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.66.042111
- J. S. Bell (1987), Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press
- D. Kielpinski, A. Ben-Kish, J. Britton, V. Meyer, M.A. Rowe, C.A. Sackett, W.M. Itano, C. Monroe, D.J. Wineland (2001), Recent Results in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing, arXiv:quant-ph/0102086, Bibcode:2001quant.ph..2086K
- P.G. Kwiat, E. Waks, A.G. White, I. Appelbaum, P.H. Eberhard (1999), "Ultrabright source of polarization-entangled photons", Physical Review A 60 (2): R773–6, arXiv:quant-ph/9810003, Bibcode:1999PhRvA..60..773K, doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.60.R773


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USFWS Customer Service Center 1-800-344-WILD TTY: 1-800-877-8339 (Federal Relay) Contact Us |
News and ActivitiesSugar Pill May Be Poisonous To Birds Date Posted: May 18, 2001 The Sacramento Field Office's Division of Environmental Contaminants is investigating whether a scale-like protective covering excreted by an Australian insect and found on eucalyptus trees in California, may be a danger to migratory birds. SEE "FULL STORY" LINK (BELOW). Contacts: Links: |
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February 13, 2013


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Exclusive Interview: Buried Director Rodrigo CortesBy Perri Nemiroff 2010-09-20 10:36:50 comments
Rodrigo Cortes knew exactly what he was getting into when he agreed to direct Chris Sparlings screenplay, Buried--an impossible challenge. Well, I should say a nearly impossible challenge because not only did Cortes manage to turn Sparlings one-location story into a fantastic film, but a downright compelling one at that.
Buried stars Ryan Reynolds as Paul Conroy, a truck driver hired to deliver supplies to people in need in Iraq. When his convoy is ambushed Paul is knocked unconscious, and when he comes to he finds himself buried underground in a coffin with just a cell phone and a lighter. Paul must break through the frustration and horror of his situation in order to use the few resources he has to give himself even the slightest chance of survival. 94 minutes in a box? Yes, its true. Buried has no flashbacks, no dream sequences and never cuts to any above ground locations; we can see what Paul Conroy can see and nothing more and thats exactly how Cortes wanted it. So how did he pull it off? Hear all the details from Cortes himself in the video interview below. Back to top


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2015 FREE POSTAGE deal - continuing for a 5th year due to popularity!!
Buy any 5 items and standard UK postage is free. I will refund £1 via paypal if for any reason auto deal does not work.
So grab yourself a 2015 FREE POSTAGE deal, as every penny saved buys more flies!. Tight Lines. Usual money back guarantee applies.


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Oliver, S.E., Gunnell, D., Donovan, J., Peters, T.J., Persad, R., Gillatt, D., Pearce, A., Neal, D.E., Hamdy, F.C. and Holly, J. (2003) Screen-detected prostate cancer and the insulin-like growth factor axis: results of a population-based case-control study. International Journal of Cancer, 108 (6). pp. 887-892. ISSN 0020-7136
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Higher circulating levels of IGF-I have been associated with increased risk of prostate and some other cancers. Most research on prostate cancer has been based on men with symptoms or identified following treatment of benign disease. However, increasing numbers of cancer cases are now detected in asymptomatic men following prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. We therefore used a population-based case-finding exercise using the PSA test to examine whether associations between the IGF axis and cancer risk were apparent in this population. A matched case-control study was conducted among 7,383 men (50-70 years) receiving a PSA test as part of a case-finding exercise. Assays of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were performed on cases and 2 controls matched on age, recruitment center and calendar time. Analyses were based on 176 cases and 324 matched controls. The risk of prostate cancer increased across quartiles of IGF-I (highest vs. lowest quartile, OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.26-4.34; ptrend = 0.02) and IGF-II (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 0.94-3.15; ptrend = 0.09). Controlling for smoking history and IGFBP-3 strengthened associations with cancer for both IGF-I (OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.50-6.01; ptrend 0.005) and IGF-II (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.07-3.84; ptrend = 0.04) Associations between the IGFs and cancer risk were stronger for advanced cases. Our findings suggest that both IGF-I and IGF-II are associated with an increased risk of screen-detected prostate cancer.
Item Type: | Article |
Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Medicine (Sheffield) The University of York > Hull York Medical School (York) The University of York > Health Sciences (York) |
Depositing User: | York RAE Import |
Date Deposited: | 15 May 2009 10:54 |
Last Modified: | 15 May 2009 10:54 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11631 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/ijc.11631 |
URI: | http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/6370 |


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QI bought a couple of varieties of coleus last spring. I really liked them in my patio planters, and I thought I'd start them from seed this year, but I can't find these varieties listed in any of the seed catalogs I get. Do garden centers start the plants they sell, and where do they buy their seeds?
AGarden centers can produce all those flats of annuals and vegetable plants in several ways. Many are started from seed by wholesale growers; some are started by the garden center. Garden centers may buy the seedlings from the wholesaler as plugs (these are small plants with a root ball not much bigger than a bottle cap) which the retailer then plants into a larger cell pack or pot and grows on. Wholesalers also sell many finished plants to garden centers.
There are seed companies who deal strictly with large growers. They carry some of the same varieties that you might find in your seed catalogs at home, but they also carry additional varieties, often in a wider range of flower colors. And, of course, they sell in wholesale quantities.
In the case of your coleus, however, it may not be a seed question at all. Coleus can be started from seed, but many of the coleus varieties sold as plants in garden centers are started from cuttings, not from seed. Check with the garden center where you purchased your coleus last year. They should be able to tell you if they were grown from cuttings. You can always buy more this year, then root some cuttings of the plants in late summer. You can carry these through the winter as houseplants in a sunny window, then start more cuttings to set out in the spring.
QIn the recipe for homemade rabbit repellent in the Feb. 28 issue, you listed an ingredient called spreader sticker. What is this?
ASpreader sticker is an additive that helps sprays stick to leaf surfaces. Sprays applied to leaves that are very smooth or that have a waxy surface tend to bead up and roll off of the leaf, which means the active ingredients in the spray are not able to do their job. Spreader stickers can be used with many insecticides and herbicides, but be sure to read all labels before mixing any products.
There are several brands of spreader stickers available at nurseries and garden centers or wherever pesticides are sold. It is not absolutely necessary to include this ingredient in the rabbit repellant, but it should make the spray stay on the plants longer.
QWe want to plant gardens around our cabin near Hinckley. There are lots of deer around, so I need suggestions for annuals and perennials that deer won't eat.
AGarden and landscape plants provide a smorgasbord for browsing deer. In the summer deer will eat both foliage and soft new stem growth, and in winter they will eat twig tips of woody plants. Deer seem to favor some cultivated plants more than others, but any plant is subject to browsing.
Lists of deer-resistant plants vary in different regions of the country, so a plant that deer rarely eat in Massachusetts may actually be eaten by deer in Minnesota. That said, here are some plants that sources list as deer-resistant:
Yarrow (Achillea)
Monkshood (Aconitum)
Anise hyssop (Agastache)


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There can never be safe pipelines
Yet another quake rocked B.C.'s northwest early Saturday.
Thus, whenever the hollow assurances of oil pipeline "safety" are brought up by oil pipeline proponents, it should be noted that there can never be true pipeline safety, nor anything near it.
One need only consider what a major tectonic-plate shift – which B.C. is overdue to experience – of even just a metre would do to any strength or solidity of, as a good example, the proposed Northern Gateway twin pipelines. They'd breach, to put it mildly, leaving behind detrimental environmental consequences throughout countless pristine and eco-sensitive regions of B.C.
Then, of course, there's also the issue of our northern coast and its waters that are at risk by giant oil tankers.
Frank G. Sterle, Jr.
White Rock
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Tubelab Discussion and support of Tubelab products, prototypes and experiments |
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24th May 2010, 01:24 AM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: Boulder, CO
Simple SE grounding problems..
I'm trying to eliminate the nasty buzzing that I get when hooking up my Simple SE to an NAD C340. (I'm using the pre-outs on the NAD as an input selector). The Simple SE is grounded quite well, as per the recommendations of the Tubelab manual. The NAD does not have a three-prong grounded plug. On top of that, it appears to be isolated between the neutral AC wire and the chassis "ground" level. I can greatly minimize the buzzing by running lots of ground connections between the Simple SE and the NAD chassis, but that just isn't practical. Would it be a good idea (or bad) to install a new, three-prong AC power cord on the NAD, and grounding the chassis? Do all consumer electronics float the ground like this? Any other suggestions? Thanks, Dave |
24th May 2010, 03:34 AM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2010
I presume you get no hum with the NAD disconnected. Do you get the hum with it connected but not plugged in? Do you get hum when it's plugged in but switched off?
The answer to your question about a new power cord is, probably a good idea. Can you reverse the plug in the outlet, or is it polarized? Lots of unanswered questions here. |
24th May 2010, 04:01 AM | #3 | |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: Boulder, CO
It turns out that the hum only happens when my DVD player is connected to the NAD. The hum goes away when I disconnect the HDMI cable between the DVD player and the TV (everything else stays connected). So, now that I have found the culprit source, I can start working there. My CD player works fine when it is directly connected to the SSE (I wired up the volume pot to test that, and it seems good). I'm still thinking about adding a ground to the NAD chassis. All of my devices are either polarized plugs, or grounded, and connect back to the same wall outlet (which I have confirmed seems to be wired correctly). Who needs HDMI anyway? ;-) Thanks, Dave |
24th May 2010, 05:35 AM | #4 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2010
So the DVD player is the culprit. Does the hum go away when it's switched off, or unplugged? It might have a ground fault or something.
24th May 2010, 12:34 PM | #5 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: Newark, DE
Do you have cable TV tied into the system somewhere?
24th May 2010, 02:57 PM | #6 |
diyAudio Member
I've had trouble with TVs before. Indeed, a ground loop was created between the earth ground of my audio system (only showed up once I started using tube gear...with grounds) and the ground of my cable TV system. The same problem would likely occur with satellite TV, since a grounding rod is often employed to protect your electronics from nearby lightning strikes.
The simplest solution for me was to use a ground loop isolator (a 1:1 transformer) between the TV and my audio system. For HDMI...that is more tricky. |
24th May 2010, 02:59 PM | #7 |
diyAudio Member
In car audio (where the isolator came from), an often-employed trick is to connect the chassis of the two components with a separate wire to take the ground currents off of the shielding. I didn't try this with my setup.
24th May 2010, 04:33 PM | #8 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: Boulder, CO
No cable TV, but I do have a DirecTV DVR connected to the TV as well. This goes to an apartment-wide multi-switch, which is probably as close to a cable system as you can get, without paying Comcast.
I will try to hunt down some of the sources tonight... |
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