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Littleton, Karen
URL: | http://www.fa-b.com/collaborativelearn.htm |
Google Scholar: | Look up in Google Scholar |
About the book: In recent years new translations and interpretations of the work of Vygotsky have generated considerable research activity by developmental psychologists and educational researchers on the relationship between the social and cognitive dimensions of learning. Rethinking Collaborative Learning aims to bring together, for the fist time in a single volume up to date and comprehensive research on collaborative learning and learning to collaborate from leading international workers in the field.
The contributions converge around the questions of when and how peer interaction can facilitate understanding and learning, how we conceptualise the nature and quality of collaborative activity, how productive collaborative activity can be supported, and how children learn to collaborate. The book critically examines the ways in which psychologists and educational researchers conceptualise the nature and quality of collaborative activity and examines the different contexts in which such activity is studied.
Item Type: | Book Chapter |
Academic Unit/Department: | Education and Language Studies Social Sciences Education and Language Studies > Childhood, Development and Learning |
Interdisciplinary Research Centre: | Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology (CREET) Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance (CCIG) |
Item ID: | 11636 |
Depositing User: | Karen Littleton |
Date Deposited: | 10 Sep 2008 01:03 |
Last Modified: | 02 Dec 2010 20:11 |
URI: | http://oro.open.ac.uk/id/eprint/11636 |
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Changes related to "1900-06-07 (138lbs) Wilmington Jack Daly w pts 25 Kid McPartland, Union AC, Waterbury, Connecticut, USA"
This is a list of changes made recently to pages linked from a specified page (or to members of a specified category). Pages on your watchlist are bold.
No changes during the given period matching these criteria.

subset: commoncrawl


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Acceleris Marketing Communications Continues To Grow With Appointment Of Senior Account Director (16/5/2011)
Award-winning Harrogate-based Acceleris Marketing Communications has added to its growing team with the appointment of Simon Leonard as senior account director to focus on the strategic development of major national accounts within the agency.
Simon joins the Yorkshire PR agency from his previous position as Head of Communications at Wakefield and District Housing, a registered provider managing more than 30,000 houses in the area, where he built up and led a 15 strong team. Prior to this Simon spent four years in a senior PR role within the Planning and New Stores team at ASDA.
Read moreAcceleris Builds Home For Social Housing Comms With Latest Appointment (10/5/2011)
Acceleris Marketing Communications – named 'Most Outstanding PR Consultancy' in the CIPR Yorkshire & Lincolnshire Awards 2010 - has continued its successful start to the New Year after being appointed to deliver an integrated communications campaign for social housing organisation South Essex Homes.
The new contract will see Acceleris provide a range of PR services to the organisation including handling media relations and the production of a quarterly newsletter.
Read more


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Location: Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory
Title: Brown marmorated stink bug odor compounds do not transfer into milk in lactating dairy cattle by feeding bug contaminated corn silage Authors
Fultz, Stanley - | |
Abubeker, Sitra | |
Harris, Christina - | |
Submitted to: Meeting Abstract
Publication Type: Abstract Only Publication Acceptance Date: March 1, 2013 Publication Date: July 19, 2013 Citation: Baldwin, R.L., Zhang, A., Fultz, S., Abubeker, S.U., Harris, C., Connor, E.E., Van Hekken, D.L. 2013. Brown marmorated stink bug odor compounds do not transfer into milk in lactating dairy cattle by feeding bug contaminated corn silage. In: J. Anim. Sci Vol. 91, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 96, E-Suppl. 1, pp. 263. Technical Abstract: In the northeastern United States, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, is an emerging invasive species of grave concern to agriculture. BMSB is a highly polyphagous plant pest but also has potentially negative impact to dairy industry through contamination of silage and potential transfer of off flavors to fluid milk. Using three approaches we sought to determine the risk of including BMSB contaminated silage in lactating dairy cow rations. First, six dairies were identified as highly infested (n=3; 30 to 100 bugs per corn plant at harvest) or not infested (n=3) and samples of silage and milk were collected while the contaminated and uncontaminated silage were being used in the total mixed ration (TMR) to assess prevalence of the bug secretion compounds, including principle components (tridecane) and primary odor producing component (E-2-decenal). Second, using wild BMSB collected from the field, a mini-silo dose response experiment (adding 100, 50, 25, 10, and 1 fresh crushed bugs/0.5 Kg chopped corn) was conducted to assess the impact of ensiling on BMSB odor compounds. Finally, synthetic BMSB secretion compounds (10g tridecane and 5g E-2-decenal; equivalent to eating 10,000 bugs/d) were directly infused into rumen of four lactating cows 2 times daily over 3 d and samples of milk, urine, and rumen fluid were collected to evaluate disposition of these BMSB secretion compounds in cow body fluids. Samples were analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Our results demonstrated that milk and silage from the farm-wide survey determined no detectable changes in feed intake nor milk production when bug contaminated silage was being fed. Moreover, no E-2-decenal was detected in silage nor milk (detection threshold = 0.00125 ppm). Dose response of tridecane in well preserved samples exhibited a linear relationship (R2= 0.78) with BMSB added; however, E-2-decenal was completely decomposed and undetectable in spiked mini-silos after ensiling. In addition, contents of both synthetic secretion compounds infused into rumen were undetectable in all milk and urine samples. Content of E-2-decenal was also not detectable in all rumen fluids; however, tridecane was detected in significant amount after 15 minutes infusion and decreasing quickly thereafter. Overall, feed intake was unaffected by treatment and bug secretion compounds in milk production were not observed. The secretion compounds from the metathoracic gland of BMSB are not able to contaminate milk due to either the ensiling process or metabolism within the rumen. Concern over BMSB stink odor compounds contaminating the fluid milk supply even on highly infested farms is not warranted. |


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LBSU Track & Field Hosts Beach Classic in First Outdoor Meet
Feb. 28, 2013 Beach Classic Info | Beach Classic Schedule | Heat Sheets Beach Classic Preview with Head Coach Andy Sythe Complete Release in PDF Format LONG BEACH - The Long Beach State track & field team will open the 2013 outdoor season by hosting the Beach Classic at Cerritos College, March 1-2. BEACH CLASSIC Loyola Marymount and USC join the 49ers as the Beach Classic's three NCAA Division I participants. There are also seven junior colleges entered along with a handful of track clubs and unattached competitors. LBSU has 66 athletes (34 men, 32 women) entered in the Beach Classic. Emily Cooper, who garnered All-Big West honors in the 100m and 200m last year, looks to lead the women this weekend as she will compete in the 100m, 400m and both relays. Jahmani Lockett, the 2012 co-Big West Freshman of the Year, highlights the men's entrants in the 200m, 800m and 4x400 relay. LAST TIME OUT ALEXANDER MAKES IMMEDIATE IMPACT DEL TORO'S LAST STAND RECORD BREAKERS UP NEXT
Shop for 49ers Gearat the Long Beach |


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The surname POCKEY is not included in the US Census Bureau's ranking of surnames with 100 or more people. Since fewer than 100 people with this surname were included in the 2000 Census, it is relatively uncommon.
Source: "Genealogy Data: Frequently Occurring Surnames from Census 2000", US Census Bureau.
Histopolis currently has 2 grave(s) with the surname Pockey.
Search the Histopols Grave Index for the surname Pockey.
The surname Pockey has a Soundex code of P200. The following 555 surname(s) may sound similar to Pockey since they share the same Soundex code.


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It's alive!: 'Zombie Western' filmmakers show N.C. is still attractive to auteurs, but some say it's an uphill battle to earn a living making movies in the state
By Sam Boykin
Light was fading fast and Ryan Gary had a big problem. He needed more zombies. The 15 or so he had, dressed in dirty tatters with dead, gray skin and gaping wounds, were all well and good, but he needed more lumbering undead to really give the scene the right jolt of horror.
Lucky for Gary, he was able to recruit some of the locals to fill in as zombie extras, and cameras rolled as a mob of flesh-eating monsters attacked the gun-toting hero. It was all just another day at the office for Gary, the 23-year-old writer and director of "Hell's Crossing," a "zombie Western" produced by a group of Charlotte filmmakers.
"Hell's Crossing," which premiers in Charlotte Aug. 12, is Gary's directorial debut, but he's hoping it will be the first of many as he tries to break into the movie business. And he has no plans to move to Hollywood or New York to make his mark, but instead wants to stay in Charlotte.
But some folks, including several longtime Charlotte filmmakers, warn that's easier said than done. While Charlotte has a long history of film and TV production, many complain that the city doesn't do enough to support local talent, focusing instead on big-budget production companies that blow into town for a few months and then jet back to Los Angeles or New York. And the reality is that Charlotteans clamoring to be in show business often have to work other jobs to make ends meet. Still, that still doesn't stop young upstarts like Gary from giving it a shot.


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CBS has picked up another celebrity fish-out-of-water reality show. Same Name, a hybrid of I Get That a Lot, Wife Swap, and Undercover Boss, switches a celebrity and a plebe who have, yes, the same name. Imagine all the wacky antics when David Hasselhoff goes to Texas! Texas! Sorry, Texas-based non-famous Hasselhoff who is in the first episode. This means you have to go participate in famous-Hasselhoff's life.
CBS Reality Team Apparently Out of Ideas
Watch celebrities behave like normal humans!


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Based on 2 reviews
Help make it easier for other Avvo users to choose the right lawyer by sharing your experience with this attorney. It's fast, simple, and safe.
Lawyers: Use the Peer Endorsements section to provide input about other attorneys.
Easy to work with and made me feel confident that everything was being done. I felt comfortable with the fees as well.
Over the past three years, Kelly has assisted my mother and me with valuable advise and excellent actions. Through wills, negotiations and at times, even an open ear, Kelly is considered by me, as a very smart sister.


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The EP is due out September 19th through Think Fast! Records in the US and via Alliance Trax in Japan on September 9th.
You can hear the band's take on the Misfits classic, "Astro Zombies" on their MySpace.
Ambitions (With Honor, Shai Hulud) have posted the bonus track from the Japanese version of their forthcoming debut EP Questions.
The EP is due out September 19th through Think Fast! Records in the US and via Alliance Trax in Japan on September 9th. You can hear the band's take on the Misfits classic, "Astro Zombies" on their MySpace. Think Fast! Records (43 comments)
Please login or register to post comments.What are the benefits of having a Punknews.org account?
wallofyouth (September 6, 2006)
strung out will be playing stwb in its entirety on september 16th. i will go and it will be awesome.
Phantom_Maggot (September 6, 2006)
My friend got a copy of 12 Hits From Hell off the internet...best versions I have heard of Misfits classics...I wonder why Glenn won't release it.
punkbytheounce (September 6, 2006)
If all the bands who covered misfits songs instead covered minutemen songs, the world would be a better place.
Ike_Ness (September 6, 2006)
I've been waiting for a band to cover a Misfits song!
SalsaShark (September 6, 2006)
"Astro Zombies" is the "Rise Above" of Misfits covers songs. I fucking love the original Misfits version, and even like the MCR version (It's better than the Pennywise version, if thats who made one), but please. That's enough. Cover "Where Eagles Dare" instead. That song is the shit.
sickboi (chris) (September 6, 2006)
I'm pretty sure Ignite did a cover of "Astro Zombies" at the VA Beach show of the Strike Anywhere tour...
Someone (September 6, 2006)
pn really must stop crediting shai hulud when mentioning this band. they jsut filled in for some shows for god's sake.
klonny (September 6, 2006)
Has much more of a 'Misfits Vibe" than MCR's.
kingofsuck (September 7, 2006)
The My Chemical Romance cover of "Astro Zombies" is a huge guilty pleasure of mine. |
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Results 1 to 11 of 11
- 09-07-2013, 03:15 PM Thread Author #1
New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
Coming from a Galaxy S3 (had an iphone 4 for a week before the One).
It is taking me a bit to get used to some things/difference.
1) Is there a setting to wake the screen with incoming text/email?
2) is there a way to toggle the sound profile from lockscreen in notification bar? I downloaded power toggles and that has replaced most of the functionality of TW, but that toggle doesn't seem to work when phone is locked on the One.
3) I assume their is no easy way (without root) to wake phone other than power button? Not a fan of this arrangement yet.
Thanks in advance. -
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
I think the answer to everyone of your questions is no.
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
You can install a third party app for that. There are lots on the Google Play Store, like Textra, SMS WakeUp, SMSAwake, Screen Notifications.
Lock Screen Notifications has an option to wake the screen when you receive a new SMS/email.
Or you can simply have Notification preview enabled in the stock Messages settings, this option will show a preview of the message on lockscreen and will wake the screen when it does. - 09-08-2013, 06:53 AM #4
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
3. there are a couple of apps that used the proximity sensor (or shake) to wake.
I tried them but they weren't very accurate so I uninstalled... Was also concerned on the impact on battery but didn't leave rerunning long enough to analyse.
Think was was called autoscreen on or was similar anyway. - 09-08-2013, 09:04 AM #5
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
Note 4/ Note 3 / Note 2 / hTc One E8 / Moto X / hTc ONE / LG G3 / iTerd 5s / iTerd 6 -
- 09-08-2013, 09:27 AM Thread Author #6
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
Thanks all. I searched a bit (duh) and found most of what I was looking for.
I tried power toggles but couldn't change sound profile from it, so I installed widgetsoid and so far so good.
I also installed notify me! For email and SMS and calendar badges. Stock lockscreen worked accept for gmail app, that sucks and is dumb.
Then I downloaded screen notifications for waking the screen for notifications.
Doesn't seem like there is a reliable scrren waking method besides power button. - 09-08-2013, 09:45 AM #7
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
Auto screen ON works. You can either set it to turn on by waving your hand over the sensors or set it to turn on by double tapping the sensors. Either way. It does use some more battery as it keeps your sensors active but only by 1% an hour + or -. I've been using it for over a month now and am pleased with it. Sometimes though, the phone will automatically turn on but for only the time set for screen to turn off in your settings so it's not a real big deal. It's a simple trade off for having to use your power button all the time.
Remember though, if you do install this, install Auto screen OFF (a plug in by same developer) so your screen turns off at the allotted time you set.Note 4/ Note 3 / Note 2 / hTc One E8 / Moto X / hTc ONE / LG G3 / iTerd 5s / iTerd 6 - 09-09-2013, 10:04 AM #8
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
1) Download an app called "Glowfly" or "Sliding Messenger". Glowfly is an add-on that replaces the notification of your stock SMS app, it is not an SMS app, itself. It will light up your screen and you can even set it to have a popup that you can respond directly to on your lockscreen. It's a great app with a solid Dev. Sliding Messenger is a full SMS app. It's got another really good popup that you can reply from and maintains some stock messenger look and feel. Both are not free, but both are REALLY worth the price. I highly recommend both.
2) If you have the Verizon One it is on 4.2.2. You can wake the screen with the lock button and do a two finger swipe on the notification bar. This will bring up your quick settings. From there you can change the sound profile without ever unlocking your phone.
3) No clue on that one.
Hope this all helps. - 09-09-2013, 10:17 AM Thread Author #9
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
Thanks! I literally just realized about the 2 finger swipe for toggles and came her to post that, lol.
I will take a look at glowfly and sliding messenger.
"notify me!" isn't bad either for me so far. Man I wish the stock lockscreen supported the gmail app.
Thanks again. - 09-09-2013, 10:22 AM #10
Re: New owner of Verizon HTC One with a few questions
I've just downloaded Auto Screen on. I think it works very well. Brings screen on as I take it out my pocket and also if I cover proximity sensor briefly with my thumb then move it away. Battery consumption has been minimal and I've been using it a lot today to test it. Couple it with a screen off app and you can resign the power button to just that - power on and off.
Sent from my HTC One using AC Forums mobile app -
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Definition of Traumatology
Traumatology: The branch of surgery that deals with injured patients, usually on an emergency basis. Patients who have suffered significant physical trauma, as from a car accident, may be cared for in a traumatology unit.
Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionaryhttp://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8184
Last Editorial Review: 3/19/2012
Drug Medical Dictionary of Terms by Letter
Medical Dictionary Term:
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


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Hotels in Kansas City. Whilst it is possible to book a hotel in Kansas City at the airport on arrival we would advise anyone requiring to book a cheap hotel in Kansas City to make a reservation as soon as possible before your departure date. Kasbah�s selection of hotels is one of the largest available, nearly 60,000 hotels in over 15,000 locations so you should find a great hotel in Kansas City at the best possible price.
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All the main car hire companies have representatives at Kansas City airport along with several local companies. During busy periods, and especially after a long haul flight, hiring a car can be a long and frustrating process. Therefore we strongly recommend you make a hire car reservation prior to arriving in Kansas City. Visitors to Kansas City from the UK can use Kasbah's car hire in Kansas City service. Visitors to Kansas City from North America should use the car rental in Kansas City service.
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Buddy Garrity sales time (sell now)
When it is Buddy Garrity sales time, you should be moving players immediately. These are players that will likely regress to means or not perform as well as they have been (i.e., sell high candidates). In addition, they include guys I don't think will perform well at all during the rest of the season. These are players you are best cutting your losses with. Continue reading
Archive for the 'Trade Strategy' Category
6 Aug


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Coghlan's 0225 Lightstick 4 Kids - 4-pack
$6.99No heat, no flame, cool to the touch, and non-toxic! Contains four 4" lightsticks per package; one each of four assorted colors. Learn More -
Coghlan's 0132 Clip-On Mantles - 2-pack
$4.99A complete assortment of mantles for liquid fuel and propane lanterns. Package of two. Learn More


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This section contains 3,668 words (approx. 13 pages at 300 words per page) |
Critical Review by Jenny Turner
SOURCE: Turner, Jenny. "A Tulip and Two Bulbs." London Review of Books 22, no. 17 (7 September 2000): 10–11.
In the following review, Turner discusses the development of Winterson's fiction and offers a mixed assessment of The PowerBook.
We all know of writers who just keep writing the same book, but what is sadder is when a true writer seems to run out of books. T. S. Eliot observed that to continue to develop stylistically, a writer had to continue to develop emotionally … It is a commonplace of psychology that human beings, beyond a certain age, find it difficult to supplement their personalities with new emotional understandings. If this happens to the writer, she is lost.
Jeanette Winterson, 'A Work of My Own,' Art Objects: Essays on Ecstasy and Effrontery, (1995)
From the outside, Jeanette Winterson's new book...
This section contains 3,668 words (approx. 13 pages at 300 words per page) |


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The Kashmir elections have been completed. Foreign observers agreed the elections were free and fair. Rebel violence attempting to stop the elections left at least 830 dead. The party that had dominated Kashmir politics for half a century was voted out and replaced by a coalition that is keen on peace talks with separatists and rebels.
Elections in Pakistan, to elect a parliament that will be mainly for advising and criticizing self-appointed dictator Musharraf. Islamic fundamentalist parties increased their strength, but the traditional major parties still dominate. There were 7.054 candidates running for 342 National Assembly seats. There are 72 political parties.


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You are Here:
Home /
Newsroom /
News Releases
/ EQIP Applications From Utah Farmers Welcome
Loading Tree...
Contact: Ron Francis (801) 524-4557
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEContact information: in Utah
SALT LAKE CITY, Ut., December 12, 2012 -- The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is accepting applications to help Utah producers improve water and air quality, build healthier soil, improve grazing and forest lands, conserve energy, enhance organic operations, and achieve other environmental benefits.
NRCS has directed more than $16 million in financial assistance for fiscal 2013 to help Utah producers implement conservation practices through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), the agency's largest Farm Bill conservation program. Interested producers should visit their local NRCS service center for information on EQIP sign-up periods.
"The Environmental Quality Incentives Program offers farmers, ranchers and forestland managers a variety of options to conserve natural resources while boosting production on their lands," State Conservationist David Brown said. "This $16 million conservation investment helps improve environmental health and the economy of Utah's rural communities."
EQIP provides financial assistance for a variety of conservation activities, such as irrigation water management, reduced tillage, field buffers, rotational grazing systems and much more. In Utah funds are also available for special initiatives such as the Sage-grouse Initiative, and programs to help recover the Southwestern willow flycatcher and the Black-footed ferret. The deadline for the next signup period in Utah is January 18.
Additionally, NRCS offers special initiatives through EQIP, including:
To participate in EQIP, an applicant must be an individual, entity or joint operation that meets EQIP eligibility criteria. Applicants can sign up at their local NRCS service center.
For more information about EQIP or other technical or financial assistance programs offered by NRCS, please contact your local service center.
### NRCS—Helping people help the land.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service provides leadership in a partnership effort to help people conserve, maintain, and improve our natural resources and environment. An Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer


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At a Glance
Local Life
Local Cuisine
Local Holidays
Worth a Visit !!
Sight Seeing
Eating Out
Travel Links
Country Facts
Transnational issues
Country Guide Detailed Maps Hotel Database Country Flag More Flags Geography Travel Warning
Swaziland Geography and Facts
Location: Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Geographic coordinates: 26 30 S, 31 30 E
Map references: Africa
Area: total: 17,363 sq km land: 17,203 sq km water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries: total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: varies from tropical to near temperate
Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
Natural resources: asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Land use: arable land: 11% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 62% forests and woodland: 7% other: 20% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 670 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea
Geography - note: landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Geography The kingdom of Swaziland is one of the smallest in the world, small enough to drive around in a single day, covering an area of only 17000 square km half the size of the Netherlands. Despite its small size, however, Swaziland has plenty to offer the visitors as there are wide variations in vegetation and climate. Swaziland, with its intriguing mix of European and African elements, makes a wonderful introduction to southern Africa. After a day spent watching zebras and wildebeests in a game park, you can relax and sip cappuccino in Swazi Plaza. Abundant mountain streams and fertile valleys make Swaziland ideal for agriculture and is a prime spot for keen trout fishermen. The country is also rich in indigenous flora such as cycads, lilies, aloe and ferns. Birdlife is abundant and hiking is a popular activity. In the midlands and bushveld there are a number of reserves with game.Excellent roads make this a very accessible country to explore. The area that is now called Swaziland was settled by the Swazis in the early 1800s. The British assumed control of the land after the Boer War, in 1903, and ruled until independence in 1968 (Swaziland was the last British protectorate in Africa). In 1973, the Swazi king set aside the constitution and assumed full power. Geographically, there is considerable variety in the Swazi terrain. Most of the nation falls under one of four landscape types: the eastern band, called the Lubombo Plateau; the low bush country, immediately to the west; the hilly middle veld, or grassland; and the forests and mountains of the high veld in the east.
Climate The climate in Swaziland is moderate, ranging from subtropical to temperate depending on the altitude. JuneSeptember is cool and dry, while OctoberMay is warm and wet. Higher elevations are generally cloudy, mistcovered and about 10 degrees , cooler than the rest of the country. Sweaters are needed for the cool evenings year round.
Swaziland is a small, beautiful country in southern Africa. It is surrounded by the Republic of South Africa on three sides and by Mozambique on the east. Swaziland was formerly a British protectorate. It became independent in 1968 as the Kingdom of Swaziland. Mbabane is the administrative capital and largest town. Lobamba, a village, is the traditional, or royal, capital. Manzini is the major commercial centre. Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy .
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Firestorm | |
Type | |
Hand Movement |
Circular, overhead sweeping |
Light |
Fire-colour |
Effect |
Produces a ring of intense flames |
Firestorm is a spell that produces a ring of fire around the caster. The caster is able to control the movement and direction of the flames with enough precision to strike individual targets. The spell Partis Temporus can create a gap in the flames to allow safe passage through. Unlike destructive fire spells such as Fiendfyre, Firestorm seems to be a defensive spell.
[show]Known uses
In 1997, Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter entered a seaside cave in an attempt to locate one of Lord Voldemort's Horcruxes. When the Inferi guarding the Horcrux attacked, Dumbledore conjured a firestorm to drive them back, saving Harry's life in the process.
Known Practitioners
Behind the scenes
- In the soundtrack from the film version of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the score for this scene was titled Inferi in the Firestorm.
- This spell may be a variant of Incendio or Fiendfyre.


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All Tomorrow's Parties has announced a new festival named "I'll Be Your Mirror, a festival set to rotate locations. The first incarnation will be in Tokyo, Japan on Sunday, Feb. 27, 2011. It will eventually take place in cities worldwide and will have a U.K.-based version sometime in the Summer of 2011.
ATP I'll Be Your Mirror takes cues on its name from the song of the same name by the Velvet Underground, which not-so-coincidentally is the flip-side of the song "All Tomorrow's Parties." ATP will collaborate with Japan's Creativeman on a festival lineup. A lineup has yet to be announced.
"We feel really excited that we are finally coming to Tokyo to present some of our favourite Japanese and International artists. It's been something we've wanted to do for many years and this first edition of I'll Be Your Mirror will be a sample of future projects we plan to bring to Japan," said ATP promoter Barry Hogan
Check out the Spacelab Festival Guide for more information on All Tomorrows Parties, as well as video coverage from many festivals.
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T.I. teams up with rapper Big K.R.I.T. on his latest musical release I'm Flexin.
Check out the official music video to the track below. T.I.'s next retail album is set to be released next year.
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South West Trains
Overview | |||||
Franchise(s): | South Western 4 Feb 1996 − 31 Jan 2004 1 Feb 2004 − 3 Feb 2007 4 Feb 2007 – 27 Apr 2019 |
Main region(s): | Greater London, Surrey, Hampshire & Dorset | ||||
Other region(s): | Berkshire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Devon | ||||
Fleet size: | 361 (367 including Island Line) 11 Class 158 Express Sprinter sets 30 Class 159 South Western Turbo sets 45 Class 444 Desiro sets 127 Class 450 Desiro sets 91 Class 455 sets 30 Class 458 Juniper sets 1 Class 73 Rescue electro-diesel locomotive (6 Class 483 - Island line sets). 24 British Rail Class 456 |
Stations called at: | 213 | ||||
Stations operated: | 185 (including Island Line) | ||||
National Rail abbreviation: | SW | ||||
Parent company: | Stagecoach | ||||
Web site: | www.southwesttrains.co.uk | ||||
South West Trains[1] (SWT) is a British train operating company owned by Stagecoach Group operating the South Western franchise.
It operates the majority of commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to South West London as well as most outer suburban/regional services in Surrey, Hampshire and Dorset. It also provides regional services in Devon, Somerset, Berkshire, and Wiltshire and on the Isle of Wight. The area of operation, essentially the former South Western division of Network SouthEast, is also roughly that of the pre-1923 London and South Western Railway (excluding everything west of Exeter). The Stagecoach Group took over the franchise on the privatisation of British Rail in 1996 and retained it in 2004 and again in 2007 making it, along with Chiltern Railways, Virgin Trains and First Great Western, the longest-running franchise.[2] It is a particularly complex operation due to the large number and variety of services.
In 1995 the Director of Passenger Rail Franchising awarded the South West Trains franchise to Stagecoach.[3] Operations started on 4 February 1996. South West Trains' first train, the 05:10 Twickenham to London Waterloo, was the first privatised scheduled train to operate for 48 years.
In April 2001 the Strategic Rail Authority awarded Stagecoach a new franchise after it beat bids from First/NedRailways and Sea Containers.[4] The franchise was originally to run for twenty years, but in 2002 the Strategic Rail Authority changed the way it wanted investment funded, and South West Trains was awarded a three-year franchise starting on 1 February 2004.[5]
In December 2005 the Department for Transport announced that Arriva, First, MTR/Sea Containers, National Express and Stagecoach had been shortlisted to tender for the new South Western franchise, which combined the South West Trains and Island Line Trains franchises, National Express later pulling out.[6][7] In September 2006 the Department for Transport awarded the franchise to Stagecoach, the new franchise starting on 4 February 2007 for a period of ten years.[8][9] In March 2013 the Secretary of State for Transport announced the franchise would be extended until 27 April 2019.[10]
In the early days of its franchise, SWT gained notoriety for severe service cuts owing to driver shortages[11] but it later made significant improvements to the network, including replacing much of the rolling stock, refurbishing stations, making stations accessible to disabled passengers, and improving customer information. During the early 2000s, improvements included the introduction of new rail services and the reopening of Chandler's Ford station in Hampshire.
On 12 December 2004 the company completely recast its timetable for the first time since 1967, in an attempt to bring service provision into line with changing demand and to take into account the different characteristics of modern rolling stock, with the intention that this would improve reliability and punctuality across the network.
A smoking ban on all SWT services was introduced from May 2004, partly in response to a fire caused by a cigarette left near a heater under a seat, and also pre-empting the public smoking ban introduced two years later.[12]
Train services[edit]
South West Trains is the key operator for Surrey, Hampshire and Dorset, and also serves London, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Somerset and Devon. Its services are described below.
Most SWT services run on electrified lines using the 750 V DC third-rail system. There is a diesel fleet for services on the West of England line to Salisbury, Exeter and Bristol, which is unelectrified beyond Worting Jn, and for Salisbury - Romsey via Southampton services, which operate over unelectrified lines between Salisbury and Redbridge and Eastleigh and Romsey. SWT operates almost 1,700 trains per day. Performance improved after the timetable was completely restructured in December 2004, and following the introduction of a unified Network Rail and SWT control centre at Waterloo to improve communication between the two organisations.
From Waterloo, SWT's London terminus, long-distance trains run to southern England, including the major coastal population centres of Portsmouth, Southampton, Bournemouth, Poole and Weymouth. There are also trains to Reading, Exeter and Bristol, but these are not the principal fast services from London to those cities, which are operated from London Paddington by First Great Western. The company also operates many local services on suburban commuter lines in south-west London and Surrey.
As with most rail companies, non-folding bicycles are banned from peak-time trains to and from London. However, these restrictions[13] apply only to cyclists boarding or alighting in the area bounded by Hook, Alton, Guildford, Reading and Dorking. The aim is to maximise available passenger space on the most crowded trains.
South West Trains also has Quiet Zones, similar to the Quiet Coaches on trains operated by certain other Train Operating Companies. Quiet Zones are available on most outer-suburban services and on some express services and are indicated by notices in the windows and signs on the doors. Passengers in these zones are requested not to use mobile phones or play music out loud.
South West Trains off-peak Monday to Saturday routes, with numbers of trains per hour, include:
- from Waterloo
- 2 to Hampton Court. Stopping at all Stations. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Dorking Stopping at all Stations. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Shepperton. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Chessington South. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Woking. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Alton. Normally run by a class 450
- 2 to Basingstoke. Normally run by a class 450
- 2 to Guildford via Cobham. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Guildford via Epsom. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 to Windsor and Eton Riverside. Normally run by a class 458/5 or 450
- 2 to Reading. Normally run by a class 458
- 2 to Weybridge via Staines-upon-Thames. Normally run by a class 458/5 or 450/5
- 2 round the Kingston Loop Line back to Waterloo via Kingston and Richmond. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 round the Kingston Loop back to Waterloo via Richmond and Kingston. Normally run by a class 455
- 2 round the Hounslow Loop Line back to Waterloo via Hounslow and Richmond. Normally run by a class 450/5
- 2 round the Hounslow Loop Line back to Waterloo via Richmond and Hounslow. Normally run by a class 450/5
- 2 to Portsmouth Harbour via Guildford. Normally run by classes 444 or 450
- 1 to Portsmouth and Southsea via Guildford. Normally run by classes 450 or 444
- 1 to Haslemere. Normally run by classes 450 or 444
- 1 to Portsmouth Harbour via Basingstoke. Normally run by a classes 450 or 444
- 2 to Weymouth. Mostly operated by class 444, however a 450 can sometimes appear on the route.
- 1 to Poole. Normally run by classes 450 or 444
- 1 to Salisbury. Normally run by a class 159
- 1 to Exeter St Davids. Normally run by a class 159, 3 Times a day this train divides at Salisbury with a portion running to Bristol Temple Meads
- 2 trains per day London Waterloo to Aldershot via Ascot. 1 train operated by Class 450, the other train Class 458.
- Off-peak hours services not originating from London include:
- 1 Southampton Central to Portsmouth and Southsea. Normally run by a class 450
- 1 Salisbury to Romsey via Romsey and Southampton Central. Normally run by a class 158
- 2 Ascot to Guildford. Normally run by class 456
- 2 Brockenhurst to Lymington Pier. Normally run by a class 158 on weekdays and 450 on weekends.
Main lines[edit]
The six main lines operated by SWT are:
- The South Western Main Line (SWML) to Southampton Central, Bournemouth and Weymouth (2 trains an hour through to Weymouth (1 fast and 1 semi-fast) and 1 train an hour to Poole (stopping) Mondays-Saturdays), with Sunday Bournemouth services extended to Poole.
- The Portsmouth Direct Line via Guildford and Haslemere: leaves the main line at Woking (4 trains per hour to Guildford, then 1 semi-fast service and 1 stopping service to Haslemere. The semi-fast service continues as a stopping service to Portsmouth. The fast services run approximately half-hourly Mondays-Saturdays, 2 trains per hour (1 fast, 1 stopping from Guildford) on Sundays).
- The West of England Main Line to Salisbury, Yeovil Junction and Exeter St Davids: leaves the main line at Basingstoke.
- Wessex Main Line (part): Salisbury to Bristol Temple Meads. This service originates from London Waterloo and divides at Salisbury.
- London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Basingstoke and Eastleigh (Hourly service off-peak Mondays-Saturdays, merges with the Poole train on Sundays).
- London Waterloo to Reading via Staines-upon-Thames and Ascot.
Suburban services[edit]
Suburban services diverge from the above routes. Taken in order westwards from Waterloo, travelling down the SWML, they are:
- Waterloo to Reading line: from Clapham Junction
- The Hounslow Loop Line from Barnes to Whitton or Feltham
- The Windsor branch from Staines-upon-Thames
- The Chertsey loop line from Virginia Water to Weybridge
- The Ascot to Guildford line via Aldershot
- The Mole Valley Line, from Raynes Park to Dorking via Epsom
- The Chessington branch from Motspur Park
- The branch to Guildford from Leatherhead
- The Kingston Loop Line, from New Malden (Main Line) to Twickenham (Reading Line)
- The Shepperton branch from Teddington. Normally, these services run via New Malden, some peak services run via Twickenham.
- The New Guildford Line, to Guildford via Cobham from Surbiton. Travellers from Guildford to London can also travel via the main line through Woking.
- The Hampton Court branch, also from Surbiton
- The Alton branch, from Brookwood also serves the Mid Hants Railway.
Other services[edit]
- Southampton local lines: Salisbury to Romsey via Southampton Central and Chandler's Ford (previously this service ran to Totton)
- Lymington Branch Line (Brockenhurst to Lymington Pier)
- Island Line (Isle of Wight), Ryde Pier Head to Shanklin
- Southampton Central to Portsmouth and Southsea
Travelcards are available for journeys into London. They are valid on London buses, Tramlink, Docklands Light Railway, London Underground and national rail services within the London travelcard area.
Season tickets and Travelcards are also available to cover multi-day regular journeys. They are available in weekly, monthly and annual periods.
In May 2007, South West Trains introduced a new fare structure for all routes. The original peak prices and times were retained, with "off-peak" being redefined at a higher fare for services leaving after 11am for stations closer to London or arriving in Waterloo at or before mid-day for stations further away from London. Services after this period are now referred to as "Super Off-Peak" and attract similar prices to the old Off-Peak tickets.[14]
In January 2008 SWT fares increased on average by 4.3%.[15]
In 2009, ticket gates were installed at Waterloo to improve revenue protection.
The smartcard scheme for season tickets on the national rail system was extended in spring 2010 to cover the lines from Weymouth to Basingstoke and from Staines to Wokingham, and on the Isle of Wight, in addition to the current trial area between Staines and Windsor. It was also announced that SWT proposed to reduce operating hours at 24 of its ticket offices.[16]
In May 2010 posters appeared at stations advertising that the extended smartcard scheme was now available for stations between Weymouth and Basingstoke. The smartcards SWT is using are branded StagecoachSmart in common with those being introduced on Stagecoach buses in Cambridgeshire and which Stagecoach plans to provide across its rail and bus operations.
Oyster pay-as-you-go, Travelcards and season tickets[edit]
Oyster pay-as-you-go is now available on all South West Trains routes within the Greater London area.[17] Oyster cards holding season tickets have always been valid within the London Travelcard area, in the same way as normal paper Travelcards and season tickets.
In November 2010 the Department for Transport announced that passengers would be able to top up Oyster cards at all stations operated by South West Trains in the London Travelcard area from May 2011. SWT was the last rail company franchise not to offer this facility (except at Wimbledon and Richmond stations) for passengers using suburban rail services within the London Travelcard area.[18]
Penalty fares[edit]
South West Trains currently issues penalty fares for passengers travelling by train without a valid ticket. However, the company has planned to install at least one self-service ticket machine at each of its served stations in the bid to stop fare evasion.
The penalty fare is either £20 or double the travelled fare, whichever is greater. This does not apply at Chandler's Ford or the stations on the West of England Main Line west of Salisbury; this is due to the lack of ticket issuing facilities at those stations. Revenue Protection Officers employed by SWT travel the network and are visible at stations to enforce penalty fares and issue some tickets; aside from station ticket barriers, CCTV is used to combat ticketless travel and prevent assaults on members of staff and customers.
Route changes[edit]
The South West Trains network has changed considerably since privatisation in 1996. It no longer serves West Croydon, Sutton, stations between Chichester and Brighton, or the mainline portion of Reading station. South West Trains does now serve stations to Bristol (introduced in 2004 to replace withdrawn Arriva Trains Wales services), Mottisfont and Dunbridge and Dean. Services beyond Exeter to Paignton, Plymouth and Penzance ceased in December 2009 so as to release stock for the hourly Waterloo - Exeter service.[19]
Stagecoach, SWT's parent company, currently sells seats on some off-peak services under the Megatrain brand from Mondays to Saturdays. This uses a similar low-cost model to its Megabus service. Megatrain tickets are available on certain services expected to be lightly loaded. Tickets are generally between London Waterloo and other principal stations, and ticket-holders are assigned to a specific train.
Latest performance figures released by Network Rail for period 5 (2014/15) were 88.2% (Public Performance Measure - PPM) and 88.9% (Moving Annual Average - MAA) for the 12 months up to 16 August 2014.[20]
Rolling stock details[edit]
In the early days of the franchise, South West Trains operated rolling stock inherited from British Rail. It applied its brand to the trains by modifying the Network SouthEast livery with an orange stripe, taking advantage of the similarity between the Network SouthEast livery and that of parent company Stagecoach.
The company later introduced new or refurbished trains, and has standardised on a set of three distinct liveries - mainly white for long-distance services, mainly blue for outer-suburban services, and mainly red for London commuter rail services. There are exceptions to this: most notably, the trains operating suburban rail services to Hounslow, Windsor and Weybridge via Staines-upon-Thames are in the blue livery as opposed to the red livery used on other services.
London Underground fleet[edit]
On the Island Line, the clearances of a tunnel under Ryde are insufficient for standard trains. As a consequence, former London Underground rolling stock has been used since the line was electrified. Since 1992, Class 483 trains have been used, of which five two-car units remain in service. They date from 1938. SWT took on this fleet when it was awarded the combined South West/Island Line franchise in 2007 (though Island Line as a separate franchise was also previously operated by a separate Stagecoach owned company.[21]
Desiro fleet[edit]
The introduction of Desiro rolling stock built by Siemens was to replace the old Class 411, Class 412, Class 421 & Class 423 slam-door trains which were coming to the end of their useful lives, and which did not meet modern health and safety requirements. The introduction was delayed because of the additional power needs of this type of stock: Network Rail spent £1 billion upgrading the power supply to take account of this.[citation needed]
The new trains have on-board information systems and full air-conditioning. Their faster acceleration is counterbalanced by the need to dwell longer at each station, since they have fewer doors. In addition, the Desiros have many more components: all are computerised and subject to the possibility of breakdowns. It is estimated that the slam-door trains could achieve 60,000 miles (96,000 km) without breakdown; the Desiros an estimated 13,000 miles (20,800 km) but this is gradually improving.
The Desiro stock comes in two variants - Class 450 units which have four 20 m cars and are mainly used on suburban and outer-suburban services, and Class 444 units which have five 23 m cars as well as intercity-style door layouts and are used on longer-distance services to Weymouth.
Plans have been announced to introduce 30 new five-car Class 707 Desiro City trains on to the network from 2017.[22][23]
- The 450 Desiro Fleet includes 450001-127.
- The 444 Desiro Fleet includes 444001-045.
British Rail EMUs (Class 455)[edit]
South West Trains operates a fleet of Class 455 metro-style commuter trains. These were built for British Rail.[24]
A full refurbishment programme started in 2004 on the fleet of 91 four-car units and was completed in March 2008.[25] Modifications included a new 2+2 seating layout with high-back seats, CCTV, cycle storage, wheelchair space, doors that open further to allow for faster alighting, and additional passenger information systems. All units are now painted in a new red "Metro" version of the SWT livery.
British Rail EMUs (Class 456)[edit]
All twenty-four Class 456 2-car EMUs have been transferred from Southern to SWT, with the first units entering SWT service on 23 March 2014.[26] These 1990s-built units are compatible with the existing Class 455 fleet. All will eventually be refurbished and repainted into the red "Metro" livery, although some have entered service in debranded Southern livery. They will be coupled to certain pairs of Class 455 sets to form 10-car trains, increasing capacity on some local services in and out of Waterloo.
Juniper fleet (Class 458)[edit]
Thirty of these four-car units were ordered by South West Trains in 1998, to create extra capacity and to replace some of the ageing Class 411 (4-CEP) trains, which at the time were on short-term lease. Deliveries of these trains began in 1998.
The class suffered major technical problems, so in the event none of the older trains were withdrawn from service at that time. It was six more years, in 2004, before the full fleet was in service. In 2003 and 2004, reliability was so poor that, although they were only six years old, South West Trains decided that the units should be replaced by 2005 with the newer Class 450 Desiro units.[27] Only a handful of units were required each day to help maintain services from Waterloo to Reading, and these had been expected to cease after 31 July 2006, when the lease with the rolling stock company expired. An application by SWT to extend this by six months was refused, as the class did not meet all the requirements of disability legislation.
However, later it was decided that, on or before the start of the new franchise in February 2007, the class would be reinstated and take over all operations on the Waterloo to Reading line, indirectly covering the loss of the Class 442s. They have been fitted with new, larger destination screens that comply with the disability legislation, but the trains still fall foul in some other areas, such as the height of the door-open buttons.
All 30 Class 458 trains are to be split up and the 120 vehicles reconfigured into 36 five-car sets, incorporating 60 extra vehicles from the mechanically similar Class 460s formerly used on Gatwick Express services.[28][29] The five-car sets will be designated Class 458/5 and coupled together to form ten-car trains from 2014.[30][31]
The first two of the 5-car sets were delivered in October 2013, and are undergoing testing ahead of the introduction of the first 10-car train into service in December 2013. Passenger service started in March 2014.[32][33]
Diesel fleet[edit]
South West Trains currently has 11 two-carriage Class 158s and 30 three-carriage Class 159s (22 159/0s and 8 159/1s).
The 159/1s were converted at Wabtec, Doncaster from Class 158s, received from First TransPennine Express in exchange for Class 170s. Eleven further two-carriage 158s were received from First TransPennine Express, which were also refurbished at Wabtec.
Two Class 158s transferred from Central Trains entered service in July 2005 on the new Bristol Temple Meads service, moving to First ScotRail in February 2007.[34]
Class 159s have on occasion been used for railtours.[35]
Although South West Trains does not operate locomotive-hauled services, until 2009 it maintained three Class 73 locomotives for recovery duties. Locomotive 73109 had been in service with SWT since the start of the franchise; the other two, 73201 and 73235, were acquired from Gatwick Express in 2005. 73235 is now the only one of the three locomotives to be owned by South West Trains. The SWT 73s are soon to undergo a major overhaul, including a new livery and new Dellner couplers to enable the loco to couple to the fleet's Desiro trains.
Rolling stock[edit]
Current fleet[edit]
Class | Image | Type | Top speed | Number | Routes operated | Built | |
mph | km/h | ||||||
Class 73 | Electro-diesel locomotive | 90 | 145 | 1 | Thunderbird Locomotive | 1962 | |
Class 158 Express Sprinter | DMU | 90 | 145 | 11 | London Waterloo - Salisbury / Bristol Temple Meads Romsey - Salisbury via Southampton Central Brockenhurst - Lymington Pier (Weekday services) |
1989−1992 | |
Class 159 South Western Turbo | 90 | 145 | 30 | West of England / Wessex Main Lines: London Waterloo - Salisbury / Bristol Temple Meads / Exeter St Davids Portsmouth Harbour - Basingstoke (Morning Service) Portsmouth Harbour - Southampton Central (Occasionally) |
159/0 1992−1993 159/1 Converted 2006−2007 |
Class 444 Desiro | EMU | 100 | 160 | 45 | Main Line Routes: London Waterloo - Poole / Weymouth London Waterloo - Portsmouth Harbour (Shared with Class 450s Weekdays and Sundays) |
2003–2004 | |
Class 450 Desiro | 100 | 160 | 127 | Main Line Routes: London Waterloo - Portsmouth Harbour (Shared with Class 444s weekdays and Sundays)/ Alton / Basingstoke / Poole (Occasionally) / Reading (Occasionally) Southampton Central - Portsmouth & Southsea Brockenhurst - Lymington Pier (Weekend services)
2002–2006 | ||
Class 455 | 75 | 120 | 91 | Inner Suburban Routes: London Waterloo - Shepperton / Hampton Court / Woking / London Waterloo via Hounslow /London Waterloo via Strawberry Hill / Dorking / Guildford via Oxshott or Epsom / Chessington South / Windsor & Eton Riverside |
1982-1985 2004-2007 (refurbished) |
Class 456 | 75 | 120 | 24 | Currently used on Ascot to Guildford line. Also to be used on some services operated by Class 455 units to make 10 coach trains. | 1990-1991 | ||
Class 458/0 (4Jop) Juniper | 100 | 160 | 29 | Outer Suburban Services:London Waterloo - Reading / | 1998-2002 | ||
Class 458/5 (5Jop) Juniper | 100 | 160 | 7 | Outer Suburban Services | 2012-2015 (1998-2002 as Class 458/0) (2000-2001 as Class 460) |
Class 483 | 45 | 72.5 | 6 | Ryde Pier Head - Shanklin | 1938 1989 - 1992 (refurbished) |
Future fleet[edit]
Class | Image | Type | Number | Notes | Built |
Class 458/5 | EMU | 36 | 120 x Class 458 & 60 x Class 460 carriages to form 36 x 5-car sets from 2013 allowing SWT to run 10-car trains. | 2012-15 | |
707 Desiro City | EMU | 30 | Desiro City units based on Class 700 | 2017-18 |
Past fleet[edit]
Class | File | Type | Number | Withdrawn | Notes |
Class 170 Turbostar | DMU | 9 | July 2007 | 8 transferred to First TransPennine Express, 1 to Southern where it was converted to a Class 171 | |
Class 411 (4Cep) | EMU | 29 | May 2005 | Some preserved | |
Class 412 (4Bep) | 7 | May 2005 | Some preserved | ||
Class 421 (4Cig) | 32 | May 2005 | Two were retained for heritage operations on the Lymington Branch Line until May 2010, as 3Cig units. These units have been preserved and lengthened back to 4 coaches. Three other units have been preserved, most others are in store or have been scrapped. | ||
Class 421 (3Cig) | 2 | May 2010 | 421497 preserved to the Mid Norfolk Railway. 421498 preserved by the Epping Ongar Railway. |
Class 423 (4Vep) | 66 | May 2005 | Some preserved | ||
Class 442 (5Wes) Wessex Electric | 24 | February 2007 | Withdrawn in favour of Class 444 Desiro units. Now operating Gatwick Express/Southern services. | ||
Class 960 | DMU | 1 | March 2009 | Preserved on Swanage Railway |
Wessex Electrics Fleet[edit]
These units (Class 442) were initially dedicated to the Weymouth line but, through the 1990s, began to be operated on the London to Portsmouth direct line also. In preparation for the Class 444 and Class 450 "Desiro" units taking over from the slam-door fleet, the Wessex Electrics were withdrawn from Portsmouth line services and were again wholly dedicated to the Weymouth line.
South West Trains announced that it would be withdrawing these units, and they last ran on 3 February 2007. This move also coincided with SWT reinstating all Class 458s for the Waterloo-Reading line. As a result, the Class 444s inherited the Waterloo - Weymouth route and the Class 450s took over some Portsmouth Harbour services, while the 442s went into storage at Eastleigh. In 2008, Southern leased these trains for its Gatwick Express service, and is now operating them on services from London Victoria to Gatwick Airport and Brighton.[36]
Turbostar Fleet[edit]
In 2000, South West Trains acquired eight 2-car Class 170/3 units to supplement its existing Class 159 fleet. They were used on London to Salisbury services as well as a new Southampton local service, and on Reading to Basingstoke services. They were sometimes pressed into use on Waterloo-Exeter services but, as they were not fitted with end gangways for catering or selective door opening for the short platforms at some stations, this was not a regular route.
From late 2006 to mid-2007, the Class 170s were gradually transferred to First TransPennine Express in exchange for a larger number of Class 158 units, to expand and standardise the fleet. One, 170392, originally built to Southern specifications but taken over by SWT soon after its construction, went to Southern and was converted to a Class 171.
Greyhound Fleet[edit]
The final slam-door train on regular passenger services ran from London Waterloo to Bournemouth on 26 May 2005 with units 421396, 423536 and 421398. Some slam-door units have been preserved on heritage railways and three were retained by SWT for operations on the Lymington Branch Line and for special duties.
Services on the Lymington branch were operated as a "heritage" operation using one of two refurbished 3Cig units, nos. 421497 and 421498. The two units were repainted in their original liveries, one in classic Southern Region green and the other in British Rail blue and grey, and went into service on 12 May 2005. Following the May 2010 timetable change, these have now been replaced on the Lymington branch by Class 158 units during the week and Class 450 units at the weekend.[37]
Preserved SWT trains[edit]
Of the Classes 411, 412, 421 and 423 slam-door trains, several complete former SWT units have been preserved.
- Class 411 411198 at Dartmoor Railway
- Class 412 412311 and 422315 at Eden Valley Railway
- Class 412 412325 at East Kent Railway (heritage)
- Class 421 421392 and 421499 at Dean Forest Railway
- Class 421 421393 at Great Central Railway
- Class 421 421399 at Dartmoor Railway
- Class 421 421497 at Mid-Norfolk Railway
- Class 421 421498 at Epping Ongar Railway
- Class 423 423417 at Bluebell Railway, currently at Clapham Junction yard awaiting repair.
In contrast, just two former Southern units have been preserved - one Class 421 and one Class 423. No complete units from South Eastern Trains have been preserved.
Diagrams of operational trains
Wimbledon Traincare depot[edit]
Wimbledon Traincare depot is one of Europe's most advanced train servicing complexes. It is between Wimbledon and Earlsfield stations, on the main line to Waterloo, next to the landmark Wimbledon Train Viaduct.
Bournemouth Traincare Depot[edit]
Bournemouth train care depot is South West of Bournemouth railway station, occupying the approach to the former Bournemouth West Station. Up until their withdrawal in February 2007, the depot was home to the Class 442 (5Wes) Wessex Electrics. The branch turns off at Branksome railway station and trains can be seen stopping at platform 2 and reversing into the depot.
Clapham Traincare depot[edit]
Clapham Junction depot provides stabling for the fleet. It does not carry out any maintenance but does have a carriage washer that is regularly used.
Northam Traincare Depot[edit]
Northam Traincare Depot was built by Siemens in 2002 as the home depot for the Desiro fleet as part of a 20-year maintenance contract.[38] It is located south of St Denys railway station and is near Southampton Football Club's St Mary's Stadium.
Salisbury Traincare Depot[edit]
Salisbury depot provides servicing for South West Trains' diesel fleet.
Fratton Traincare Depot[edit]
Fratton Traincare Depot sits on the South Coast in Portsmouth. The Depot occupies the site alongside Fratton station, with two of the sidings right next to Goldsmith Avenue. It has a carriage washer and is the fuelling point for the 158s and 159s. The Depot has a Train Shed with two pitted roads for maintenance of rolling stock. Class 444 and 450 units berth overnight there, and there are stabling sidings and bay platforms at Portsmouth & Southsea station all of which come under the control of the Depot at Night.
Farnham Traincare Depot[edit]
Farnham depot, in Weydon Lane, was opened by the Southern Railway at the time of the electrification of the Portsmouth and Alton lines in 1937.[39] It was refurbished for the introduction of modern units when slam-door trains were replaced circa 2005. At the same time, disused quarry and ballast dump sidings behind the carriage shed were removed and a number of outdoor sidings were laid for overnight storage and servicing of units.
See also[edit]
- ^ Companies House extract company no 5599788 Stagecoach South Western Trains Limited
- ^ "Greener Smarter Travel: Stagecoach group welcomes new South West Trains franchise deal" (Press release). Stagecoach Group. 6 November 2002. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ Companies House extract company no 2938995. South Western Trains Limited.
- ^ "Stagecoach Group Welcomes South West Trains Decision" (Press release). Stagecoach Holdings. 2 April 2001.
- ^ Rail (Peterborough). 13 November 2002, page 4.
- ^ "Stagecoach Group shortlisted for South Western rail franchise" (Press release). Stagecoach Group. 20 December 2005. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
- ^ South Western stakeholder briefing. Department for Transport. 4 April 2006.
- ^ "Stagecoach wins railway franchise". BBC News. 22 September 2006.
- ^ Davidson, Ros (22 September 2006). "Stagecoach Wins South West Trains Contract". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ "Railway plan puts new focus on passengers". Secretary of State for Transport statement 26 March 2013.
- ^ "South West Trains to hire drivers after £90m order". The Independent (London). 14 May 1997. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
- ^ "Smoking ban on trains extended". BBC News. 22 May 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
- ^ "Cycle policy". South West Trains. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ^ "Buying tickets on the day". South West Trains. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009.
- ^ "Rail fares to rise by up to 14.5 per cent". The Times (London). 28 November 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010.(subscription required)
- ^ "South West Trains proposes new ticket office opening hours". South West Trains. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ^ "Passengers to benefit from roll-out of Oyster pay as you go to South West Trains services". South West Trains. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ "Top up expansion makes journeys easier for rail users" (Press release). Department for Transport. 12 November 2010.
- ^ Rail (595) (Peterborough). 2 July 2008. p. 20. Missing or empty
(help) - ^ "Rail performance results period 7". Network Rail. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
- ^ Companies House extract company no 3007942 Island Line Limited)
- ^ http://www.rail.co.uk/rail-news/2014/swt-new-train-order
- ^ "Class 707s to boost SWT capacity". Modern Railways 71 (793): 10.
- ^ "Our trains". South West Trains. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ "South West Trains' last class 455 returns from refurbishment" (PDF). Rail Technology Magazine. 28 March 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
- ^ Southern Electric Group http://www.southernelectric.org.uk/news/swt/2014-456-enter-service.html
- ^ "Train firm to replace new fleet". BBC News. 12 January 2004.
- ^ Clinnick, Richard (25 January 2012). "Class 460 driving vehicles made redundant". Rail (Peterborough). p. 28.
- ^ Walmsley, Ian (February 2012). "Junipers United: Darth Vader goes suburban". Modern Railways (London). p. 40.
- ^ "£42m for longer Waterloo trains". Rail (Peterborough). 11 January 2012. p. 7.
- ^ "London commuters to benefit from longer peak time trains" (Press release). South West Trains. 23 December 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
- ^ "South West Trains prepares to introduce longer trains". Railway Gazette (London). 23 October 2013.
- ^ "Improving Your Railway - Longer Trains". South West Trains. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ Class 158 scot-rail.co.uk
- ^ "UK Railtours". UK Railtours. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
- ^ "More trains arriving on busy rail routes (Note 5)". Department for Transport. 4 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 September 2009.
- ^ "New South West Trains timetables". South West Trains. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- ^ "Desiro UK demands a pit stop approach". Railway Gazette. 1 March 2002.
- ^ Railway Gazette, 1937
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South West Trains. |
- South West Trains
- South West Trains JourneyCheck
- Island Line Trains
- Network map
- South West Trains Fleet
- Megatrain
- Pictures around the SWT network
Preceded by Network SouthEast As part of British Rail |
Operator of South West franchise 1996 - 2007 |
Succeeded by South West Trains South Western franchise |
Preceded by Island Line Island Line franchise |
Operator of South Western franchise 2007 - present |
Incumbent |
Preceded by South West Trains South West franchise |


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Madison County sinkhole problem
UPDATED 11:13 PM CST Feb 28, 2013A giant sinkhole could make for a messy morning commute on a major highway in Madison County.
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As a College of Design student, you have a professional academic adviser assigned to you who serves as the primary resource person during your academic career. Your adviser can help you in many ways, so be sure to connect with him/her on a regular basis.
Academic advisers offer individual appointments as well as weekly drop-in hours meant for 5-10 minute sessions. Use drop-in hours for:
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It's your adviser's responsibility to:
To make an appointment with your academic adviser, call or stop by:
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SOURCE Warner Chilcott Company, Inc.; Watson Pharmaceuticals,Inc.
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Comment on: Way-too-early%2053-man%20roster%20projection
Posted 05/19/2010 01:49:37 EDT
Holt had 750 yards last year ON THE JAGUARS. He's going to be a surprise weapon for the offense. I like the QB, RB, WR, TE, ILB, S, and ST picks. Hard to gauge the depth at OL with Ohrnberger, Bussey, more »
Comment on: Tale%20of%20the%20Tape%3A%20Patriots-Jets
Posted 11/24/2009 05:28:13 EST
he Jets didn't come at Brady quite the same way they did in September. They brought extra rushers on more than have their snaps then, and this time around, it was 27 percent (12 of 44 pass drops). Why more »
Comment on: The%20playoff%20picture
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Why are there so many typos in recent articles? more »
Comment on: Belichick%20on%20going%20for%20two
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You mean "and the Patriots up 22-17 following Moss's touchdown." more »
Comment on: Patriots%26%2339%3B%20corner%20market
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Albert, I like the article, but feel like the numbers could be kind of skewed. I wonder how much different the distribution would be if the 2nd halves of the TEN and TB games were excluded. The two mo more »
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Awww man LEGENDARY!
I'm laying in bed dying .. like actually DYING of the flu!
You just made my day!
A couple of years back I went to a Jurassic 5 gig in Belfast (Hip-Hop/Rap) .. anywaaaay ..
They stopped their show to shout at a guy who was shoving a girl about in the audience .. you can't just turn a blind eye to that shit!
Dave Grohl 's a total and utter legend \m/\m/


text:
Green Dog Farm is a neighborhood CSA (community supported agriculture) located in Fort Collins. The main location is southeast of Taft Hill Road and West Vine Drive. The other field is on Elizabeth between Taft Hill Road and Overland Trail. We are committed providing a variety of naturally/organically (not certified) grown produce at an affordable price. Each share is meant for 1-2 people as supplemental produce each week for 20 weeks starting in June. Click Here to view the recorded past Three years of harvest totals. |
Potatoes Onions Leeks Garlic Broccoli Peppers |
Swiss Chard Spinach Mustard Kale Cabbage Carrots |
Rhubarb Squash Beets Cucumbers Kohlrabi Zucchini |
Turnips Beans Peas Tomatoes Herbs Flowers |


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Yasuni National Park
Yasuni National Park | |
IUCN category II (national park)
Yasuni National Park (dark green). | |
Location | Ecuador Napo and Pastaza province |
Coordinates | 1°5′0″S 75°55′0″W / 1.08333°S 75.91667°WCoordinates: 1°5′0″S 75°55′0″W / 1.08333°S 75.91667°W |
Area | 9823 km² |
Established | July 26, 1979 |
Yasuni National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Yasuní) is in Ecuador [1]with an area of 9,820 km2 between the Napo and Curaray rivers in Napo and Pastaza provinces in Amazonian Ecuador. The national park lies within the Napo moist forests ecoregion and is primarily rain forest. The park is about 250 km from Quito and was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1989. It is within the claimed ancestral territory of the Huaorani indigenous people. Yasuni is home to two uncontacted indigenous tribes, the Tagaeri and the Taromenane.[2]
Yasuni National Park is arguably the most biologically diverse spot on Earth. The park is at the center of a small zone where amphibian, bird, mammal, and vascular plant diversity all reach their maximum levels within the Western Hemisphere. Moreover, the park breaks world records for local-scale (less than 100 km2) tree, amphibian, and bat species richness, and is one of the richest spots in the world for birds and mammals at local scales as well.[3]
The park holds a world record 150 amphibian species for places with comparable landscapes. It also is in the top for amphibian diversity compared to other sites sampled in the western Amazon.[3] The total of its amphibian species are more than the United States and Canada combined. Reptile species in the park is also very high with 121 documented species found. In spite of covering less than 0.15% of the Amazon Basin, Yasuni is home to approximately one-third of amphibian and reptile species. The park also harbors very high levels of fish diversity with 382 known species. This number is greater than the amount of fish species found in the whole Mississippi River Basin. Yasuni also is home to at least 596 bird species which comprises one-third of the total native bird species for the Amazon. The park is also very rich with many species of bats. On a regional scale, the Amazon Basin has an estimated 117 bat species but on a local scale, Yasuni is estimated to have comparable richness. In a single hectare, Yasuni has over 100,000 different species of insects which is roughly the amount of insect species that can be found in all of North America. The park also boasts one of the world's richest levels of vascular plants. It is one of nine places in the world that has over 4,000 vascular plant species per 10,000 km2. The park contains many species of trees and shrubs and holds at least four world records for documented tree and liana richness as well as three world records for diversity in woody plant species. The park also hosts a list endemic species such as 43 different species of vertebrates and 220–720 different plant species.[3] A species of bat, Lophostoma yasuni, is endemic to the park.
Oil reserves[edit]
Yasuni National Park is home to an estimated 800 million barrels of crude oil – 20% of Ecuador's reserves – in the Ishpingo-Tiputini-Tambococha (ITT) oil fields.[2][4] Environmentalists and scientists such as Jane Goodall, E.O. Wilson, and Stuart Pimm urged the government to leave the resources untapped.[5] In response, President Rafael Correa launched the Yasuní-ITT Initiative to protect the park's natural resources in June 2007. The initiative promised to leave the park undisturbed in exchange for compensation from the international community.[6] Not drilling in the park would prevent 400 million metric tons of carbon dioxide from entering the air, officials said.[2] The government hoped to generate funds of at least 50% of the profits that it would receive were it to utilize the oil reserves. In total it hoped that $3.6 billion would be raised over 12 years.[4] At the time, the plan was hailed by environmentalists as a precedent setting decision that would reduce the burden of environmental preservation on the world's poorer countries.[2]
Actors Leonardo DiCaprio and Edward Norton, filmmaker and global ecological activist/scientist Michael Charles Tobias, and former Vice President of the United States Al Gore were among those who pledged support to the Ecuadorian government.[7][8] Countries contributing funds included Turkey, Chile, Colombia, Georgia, Australia, Spain and Belgium. However, fundraising efforts were inhibited by Ecuador's insistence that the government alone would decide how any funds raised were spent.[2]
In July 2013, Correa formed a commission to evaluate the Yasuni-ITT Initiative's progress to date. The commission concluded that the economic results were not sufficient. On August 15, Correa scrapped the plan citing poor follow through from the international community.[4] "The world has failed us", he said, calling the world's richest countries hypocrites who emit most of the world's greenhouse gases while expecting nations like his to sacrifice economic progress for the environment.[2] Through an executive order, he liquidated the Yasuni-ITT trust fund formally ending the initiative. During the six year history of the initiative, only $336 million had been pledged, Correa said, and of that only $13.3 million had actually been delivered.[4]
Correa also said he had commissioned economic, legal, and technical studies on drilling in the region in preparation for the national assembly formally opening the park to drilling. He said expanding Ecuador's oil production was essential to furthering his economic projects that have won him widespread support among the nation's poor. He said the drilling would affect only 1% of the Yasuni basin. A spokesperson said the drilling could be conducted without damaging the environment. Environmentalists strongly objected to opening the park to oil exploration. Hundreds of protesters gathered outside the presidential palace after Correa's announcement.[4] Indigenous people and environmentalists called for a national referendum on the issue. This referendum called the Yasuní-ITT Initiative was enacted in 2007, and by 2009 pledges of support from around the world came to around 1.7 billion dollars. The money pledged insured that it would be possible to fund the initiative, with support from the international community.[9]Oil production accounts for one third of Ecuador's national budget.[2][10]
Other threats to the park[edit]
Colonization, deforestation, illegal logging, and unsustainable hunting are affecting the park at present.[11]
See also[edit]
- Finding Species
- Tiputini Biodiversity Station
- "Yasuni - A Meditation on Life" a Film by Michael Charles Tobias and Jane Gray Morrison
- ^ "A Durable Yet Vulnerable Eden in Amazonia". nytimes.com. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Yasuni: Ecuador abandons plan to stave off Amazon drilling". The Guardian. Associated Press. August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ^ a b c Margot S. Bass; Matt Finer; Clinton N. Jenkins; Holger Kreft; Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia; Shawn F. McCracken; Nigel C. A. Pitman; Peter H. English; Kelly Swing; Gorky Villa; Anthony Di Fiore; Christian C. Voigt; Thomas H. Kunz (2010). Hector, Andy, ed. "Global Conservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park". Public Library of Science 5 (1): e8767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008767. Retrieved 06-07-2011. Check date values in:
(help) - ^ a b c d e Alexandra Valencia (August 16, 2013). "Ecuador to open Amazon's Yasuni basin to oil drilling". Reuters. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
- ^ Yasuni Rainforest Campaign - Leading Scientists Letter. Saveamericasforests.org (2005-02-14). Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
- ^ Finer, M., R. Moncel, C.N. Jenkins. 2010. Leaving the Oil Under the Amazon: Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative., Biotropica 42:63-66.
- ^ "Leonardo DiCaprio and Edward Norton join Sea Eco-Conference". Contactmusic. 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2012-03-14
- ^ "Al Gore viajará a Ecuador para respaldar iniciativa ecuatoriana Yasuní-ITT". americaeconomia.com. 2010-11-04. Retrieved 2012-03-14
- ^ Temper, L., Yánez, I., Sharife, K., Ojo, G., Martinez-Alier, J., CANA, Combes, M., Cornelissen, K., Lerkelund, H., Louw, M., Martínez, E., Minnaar, J., Molina, P., Murcia, D., Oriola, T., Osuoka, A., Pérez, M. M., Roa Avendaño, T., Urkidi, L., Valdés, M., Wadzah, N., Wykes, S. 2013. Towards a Post-Oil Civilization: Yasunization and other initiatives to leave fossil fuels in the soil. EJOLT Report No. 6, 204 p.
- ^ "Ecuador approves Yasuni park oil drilling in Amazon rainforest".
- ^ Finer M, Vijay V, Ponce F, Jenkins CN, and Kahn TR. 2009. Ecuador's Yasuní Biosphere Reserve: a brief modern history and conservation challenges, Environmental Research Letters 4: 034005.
Further reading[edit]
- Greenberg, J. A., S. C. Kefauver, H. C. Stimson, C. J. Yeaton, and S. L. Ustin. 2005. Survival analysis of a neotropical rainforest using multitemporal satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 96(2):202-211.
- Hennessy, L. A. (2000). Whither the Huaorani? competing interventions in indigenous Ecuador. Master's thesis, Berkeley, University of California, Berkeley.
- Lu, F. E. (1999). Changes in subsistence patterns and resource use of the Huaorani Indians in the Ecuadorian Amazon. PhD dissertation. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- Pitman, N. C. A. (2000). A large-scale inventory of two Amazonian tree communities. PhD dissertation. Durham, Duke University.
- Vogel, J.H. (2009). The economics of the Yasuní Initiative: climate change as if thermodynamics mattered. London, Anthem Press.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yasuni National Park. |
- "Opinion: Yasuní and the New Economics of Climate Change" CNN. Edition: International. August 23, 2010.
- Yasuni Green Gold Campaign to save the park and its indigenous people
- Yasuni Campaign by New Internationalist
- Yasuni Campaign by Ecuadorian civil society organizations - Amazonia por la Vida
- Background article at Deutsche Welle climate-project 'Global Ideas' on Ecuador's controversial plan to refrain from drilling for oil in its rainforests in return for money.
- Deutsche Welle report on Yasuni National Park


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Of course, as a Yankee fan, we all love it when the Bombers make the post season. I mean it's exciting for God's sake. But, what I can't stand is when the national announcers take cheap shots at the Yankees for all the world to hear on network television. At least, as Yankee fans, that's how we hear it. I was awakened by this notion while watching ABC's coverage of the USC vs. Notre Dame game. Brent Musburger made a ridiculous comment two plays into the very first Irish possession. He said, "The Irish are experiencing their first wrinkle of the game." Really? A wrinkle? They just picked up a first down in three plays, how is that wrinkle for a team that has gone undefeated?! Then, like a shot deep to left, my brain immediately rushed to my file on Fox Sports Announcer Joe Buck and his blatant lack of respect for the Yankees. He and his sidekick, Tim McCarver seem to blast into their Yankee digs way before first pitch.
Now, in their defense, no one can call a game like our home team announcers Kay, Ken Singleton, Paul O'Neill, Sterling and Waldman, who know our guys and know our city, but Buck and McCarver could tone it down a bit and stick with the game on the field.
"One suggestion would be flanking a play-by-play guy with a color commentator who works for each team during the regular season. It would increase the knowledge of the teams and the personalities while balancing out any claims of bias between the two sides," said reporter Josh Alper in his 2009 article Do Joe Buck and Tim McCarver hate the Yankees? The article takes it a bit further by delving into Buck's psyche a bit. "More often than not, he seems to dislike just about everything about his job which he tends to approach with a smug (or professional, depending on your point of view) detachment that is antithetical to the way die hard fans feel about their favorite teams and sports. A good example is his flat call of David Tyree's unbelievable catch in the Giants-Patriots Super Bowl."
As a graduate of the Boston University's College of Communication, it was drummed into me in course after course that you must balance passion with objectivity. Joe Buck must have missed that course, or he buried deep within his archives. Now, John Sterling may not always get it right, but he certainly has passion for the game. He makes the game exciting, even if you yell back at him every chance you get. And Kay keeps it real as well. They are with the team, and when they get critical, it is not a bashing like certain announcers... are you listening Joe and Tim? "They are with the team all season and want it to win. They all swear their job is easier when things are going well as opposed to watching the Bombers squander a 10-game AL East lead," as reported by the New York Daily News in early October our our guys (HERE).
The Wall Street Journal (HERE) recently conducted a 30-team study on television baseball announcer bias. "The conventional wisdom in sports is that TV announcers should strive to call the game straight down the middle. It's a philosophy that's been embraced over the years by most of the famous baseball voices." The article went on to state that "by the rules of our study, anyone with a microphone who used a pronoun like "we," "us" or "our" to describe the home team was given a citation. Obscure pet names for players were also flagged: The Detroit Tigers announcers, for instance, referred to backup catcher Gerald Laird as "G-Money." Additional penalties were given for things like excessive moping after miscues or unrestrained glee after big moments. (A Miami Marlins broadcaster marked the end of a lengthy scoreless drought by screaming "Hallelujah!")."
I guess by these rules, long time great Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto's "Holy Cow!" would be flagged as well and since this was just television announcers and not radio, Sterling and Waldman get a buy. As for our local television announcers, they placed 26th with the Mets' announcers Keith Hernandez , Gary Cohen, and Ron Darling placing least biased at 30th . Number one on the list was White Sox announcer Hawk Harrelson (Read HERE). He applauded his number one status. He is a lover of the sport and lover of his team!
(In Photo: Mel Allen)
Like it or not, baseball announcers are here to stay. Many of the greats have space in the hallowed halls of Cooperstown. Our very own Mel Allen is there along with Harry Caray and Jack Buck, not to be confused with Joe. They gave baseball a voice and life and someone to yell back at when things weren't going so well. Today, baseball announcers continue this legacy while bringing humor and excitement into their signature calls. But, what they should never do is beat up on the local team in such a way that fans feel the insult deep in their own core from their living room. Those announcers need to take a hard look at their calls and keep it real, fair, or get off the air!
--Suzie Pinstripe, BYB Opinion Columnist
Twitter: @suzieprof
Please comment, we have DISQUS, it's easier than ever. Let me know what you think and follow me on Twitter @BleednYankeeBlu and join the group Bleeding Yankee Blue on Facebook, just type it in.