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US 6204298 B1 Resumen This application relates to flexible, microporous, open-celled polymeric foam materials with physical characteristics that make them suitable for a variety of uses. This application particularly relates to high temperature processes having short curing times for preparing such foam materials from high internal phase emulsions.
Reclamaciones(17) 1. A process for the preparation of a polymeric foam material which comprises the steps of:
A) forming a water-in-oil emulsion from:
1) an oil phase comprising:
a) from about 85 to about 99% by weight of a monomer component capable of forming a copolymer having a Tg value of below about 90░ C. or lower, the monomer component comprising:
i) from about 5 to about 80% by weight of a substantially water-insoluble, monofunctional monomer capable of forming a polymer having a Tg of about 35░ C. or less;
ii) from about 0 to about 70% by weight of a substantially water-insoluble, monofunctional comonomer capable of imparting other desired properties to the foam;
iii) about 5 to about 80% by weight of a first substantially water-insoluble, polyfunctional crosslinking agent; and
b) from about 1 to about 20% by weight of a n emulsifier component which is soluble in the oil phase and which is suitable for forming a stable water-in-oil emulsion; and
2) a water phase comprising an aqueous solution containing: (a) from about 0.2 to about 40% by weight of a water-soluble electrolyte; and (b) an effective amount of a polymerization initiator;
wherein the emulsion has a volume to weight ratio of water phase to oil phase in the range of from about 8:1 to about 140:1;
B) confining the emulsion in a curing chamber so as to minimize volatilization of the components of the emulsion; and
C) curing the monomer component in the oil phase of the water-in-oil emulsion using a polymerization reaction that is conducted within the curing chamber for a time period ranging from about 20 seconds to about 1 hour at a curing temperature, the curing temperature being between about 90░ C. and about 250░ C. to form the polymeric foam material.
2. The process of claim 1 comprising the further step of dewatering the polymeric foam material to an extent such that a collapsed, polymeric foam material is formed that will re-expand upon contact with aqueous fluids.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the volume to weight ratio of water phase to oil phase is in the range of from about 10:1 to about 75:1.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the volume to weight ratio of water phase to oil phase is in the range of from about 13:1 to about 65:1.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein:
1) the oil phase comprises:
a) from about 90 to about 97% by weight of a monomer component capable of forming a copolymer having a Tg value from about 15░ to about 50░ C., the monomer component comprising:
i) from about 40 to about 70% by weight monomer selected from the group consisting of C4-C14 alkyl acrylates, aryl acrylates, C6-C16 alkyl methacrylates, dienes, C4-C12 alkyl styrenes and mixtures thereof;
ii) from about 15 to about 23% by weight comonomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, ethyl styrene and mixtures thereof;
iii) from about 5 to about 18% by weight divinyl benzene; and
b) from about 3 to about 10% by weight of the emulsifier component; and
2) the water phase comprises from about 1 to about 40% calcium chloride.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein monomer (i) is selected from the group consisting of butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, nonylphenyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate, N-octadecyl acrylamide, p-n-octylstyrene, isoprene, butadiene, piperylene, chloroprene, β-myrcene, and mixtures thereof.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the emulsifier comprises emulsifying components selected from the group consisting of diglycerol monooleate, diglycerol monomyristate, diglycerol monoisostearate, diglycerol monoesters of coconut fatty acids, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monomyristate, sorbitan monoesters of coconut fatty acids, sorbitan isostearate, ditallow, dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the emulsifier comprises at least about 70% by weight of the emulsifying components.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization initiator is selected from the group consisting of ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the monomer component in the oil phase is cured at a temperature between about 125░ C. and about 165░ C.
11. The process of claim 5 wherein the volume to weight ratio of water phase to oil phase is in the range of from about 10:1 to about 75:1.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the volume to weight ratio of water phase to oil phase is in the range of from about 13:1 to about 65:1.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the curing chamber is operable at a curing pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.
14. The process of claim 13 wherein the emulsion is formed at an emulsification pressure and the emulsification pressure is substantially equal to the curing pressure.
15. The process of claim 13 wherein the emulsion is formed at an emulsification pressure and the emulsification pressure is lower than the curing pressure.
16. The process of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of the curing pressure is provided by a hydrostatic head.
17. The process of claim 13 wherein the process comprises the further step of dewatering the polymeric foam.
Descripci¾n This application relates to rapid curing of high internal phase emulsions to produce microporous, open-celled polymeric foam materials with physical characteristics that make them suitable for a variety of uses. The development of microporous foams is the subject of substantial commercial interest. Such foams have found utility in various applications, such as thermal, acoustic, electrical, and mechanical (e.g., for cushioning or packaging) insulators, absorbent materials, filters, membranes, floor mats, toys, carriers for inks, dyes, lubricants, and lotions, and the like. References describing such uses and properties of foams include Oertel, G., Polyurethane Handbook, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1985, and Gibson, L. J.; Ashby, M. F., Cellular Solids. Structure and Properties, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1988. The term ōinsulatorö refers to any material which reduces the transfer of energy from one location to another. The term ōabsorbentö refers to materials which imbibe and hold or distribute fluids, usually liquids, an example being a sponge. The term ōfilterö refers to materials which pass a fluid, either gas or liquid, while retaining impurities within the material by size exclusion. Other uses for foams are generally obvious to one skilled in the art. Open-celled foams prepared from High Internal Phase Emulsions (hereinafter referred to as ōHIPEsö) are particularly useful in a variety of applications including absorbent disposable articles (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,331,015 (DesMarais et al.) issued Jul. 19, 1994, 5,260,345 (DesMarais et al.) issued Nov. 9, 1993, 5,268,224 (DesMarais et al.) issued Dec. 7, 1993, 5,632,737 (Stone et al.) issued May 27, 1997, 5,387,207 (Dyer et al.) issued Feb. 7, 1995, 5,786,395 (Stone et al.) Jul. 28, 1998, 5,795,921 (Dyer et al.) issued Aug. 18, 1998), insulation (thermal, acoustic, mechanical) (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,770,634 (Dyer et al.) issued Jun. 23, 1998, 5,753,359 (Dyer et al.) issued May 19, 1998, and 5,633,291 (Dyer et al.) issued May 27, 1997), filtration (Bhumgara, Z. Filtration & Separation 1995, March, 245-251; Walsh et al. J. Aerosol Sci. 1996, 27, 5629-5630; published PCT application W/O 97/37745, published on Oct. 16, 1997, in the name of Shell Oil Co.), and various other uses. The cited patents and references above are incorporated herein by reference. The HIPE process provides facile control over the density, cell and pore size and distribution, proportion of cell struts to windows, and porosity in these foams. An important issue in making HIPE foams commercially attractive is economics. The economics of HIPE foams depend on the amount and cost of the monomers used per unit volume of the foam, as well as the cost of converting the monomers to a usable polymeric foam (process costs). Making, HIPE foams economically attractive can require using: (1) less total monomer per unit volume of foam, (2) less expensive monomers, (3) a less expensive process for converting these monomers to a usable HIPE foam, or (4) combinations of these factors. The monomer formulation and process conditions must be such that the properties of the HIPE foam meet the requirements for the particular application. The physical properties of the foam are governed by: (1) the properties of the polymer from which the foam is comprised, (2) the density of the foam, (3) the structure of the foam (i.e. the thickness, shape and aspect ratio of the polymer struts, cell size, pore size, pore size distribution, etc.), and (4) the surface properties of the foam (e.g., whether the surface of the foam is hydrophilic or hydrophobic). Once these parameters have been defined and achieved for a particular application, an economically attractive process for preparing the material is desired. A key aspect of this process is the rate of polymerization and crosslinking, together referred to as curing, of the oil phase of a HIPE to form a crosslinked polymer network. Previously, this curing step required that the emulsion be held at an elevated temperature (40░ C.-82░ C.) for a relatively long period of time (typically from 2 hours to 18 hours or longer). Such long cure times necessitate relatively low throughput rates, as well as high capital and production costs. Previous efforts to devise commercially successful schemes for producing HIPE foams have involved, for example, pouring the HIPE into a large holding vessel which is then placed in a heated area for curing (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,576 (Desmarais et al.) issued Oct. 5, 1993). U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,189,070 (Brownscombe et al), issued Feb. 23, 1993; 5,290,820 (Brownscombe et al.) issued Mar. 1, 1994; and 5,252,619 (Brownscombe, et al.) issued Oct. 12, 1993 disclose curing the HIPE in multiple stages. The first stage is conducted at a temperature of less than about 65░ C. until the foam reaches a partial state of cure. Then the temperature is increased to between 70░ C. and 175░ C. to effect final curing rapidly. The whole process takes about 3 hours. Another scheme to produce HIPE foams envisaged placing the emulsion on a layer of impermeable film which would then be coiled and placed in a curing chamber (U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,101 (Nathoo, et al.) issued Sep. 23, 1997). The coiled film/emulsion sandwich could then be cured using the sequential temperature sequence disclosed in the Brownscombe, et al patents discussed above. U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,805 issued in the name of Dyer on Dec. 15, 1998 discloses forming the HIPE at a temperature of 82░ C. (pour temperature in Example 2) and curing the HIPE at 82░ C. for 2 hours. However, none of these approaches offer the combination of very fast conversion (e.g., in minutes or seconds) from HIPE to polymeric foam that would provide for a relatively simple, low capital process for producing HIPE foams both economically and with the desired set of properties. The art also discloses using pressure to control the volatility of monomers that, otherwise, would boil off at a suitable polymerization/curing temperature. For example, commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,168, issued to Dyer, et al. on Jun. 16, 1998, discloses the suitability of pressurization to control the volatility of relatively volatile conjugated diene monomers. However, the cure time for the foams disclosed therein is still greater than two hours so there is still substantial opportunity for substantial improvement in curing rate that would improve the economic attractiveness of HIPE foams. Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop a rapid and efficient process for preparing open-celled polymeric HIPE foam materials with the desired properties. The present invention relates to a process for obtaining open-celled foams by polymerizing a High Internal Phase Emulsion, or HIPE, which has a relatively small amount of a continuous oil phase and a relatively greater amount of a discontinuous aqueous phase. The present invention particularly relates to relatively high temperature processes for curing the oil phase. This enables the foam to be prepared in a much shorter interval than has heretofore been possible. This enables practical continuous production processes of HIPE foams which have to this point been made via batch processes. The process of the present invention generally comprises the steps of: 1) forming a water in oil emulsion (HIPE) wherein the oil phase comprises polymerizable monomers; and 2) polymerizing and crosslinking the monomers at temperatures greater than 90░ C. to form a HIPE foam. Specifically, the oil phase comprises: 1) from about 85 to 99% by weight of a monomer component capable of forming a copolymer having a Tg of about 90░ C. or lower, wherein the monomer component comprises a blend of monofunctional monomers, crosslinkng agents, and comonomers capable of modifying foam properties, and 2) from about I to about 20% of an emulsifier component capable of forming a stable HIPE. The aqueous phase comprises from about 0.2 to about 40% by weight of a water soluble electrolyte and an effective amount of a polymerization initiator. The volume to weight ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase is between about 8:1 and about 140:1. After polymerization, the aqueous fraction of the HIPE foam may be removed by a variety of techniques to yield the open-celled, microporous, low density product. The curing of HIPEs in a relatively short time period at elevated temperatures allows increased production and improved economics relative to previously described methods. Either batch or continuous processes can be used. In either case, because the vapor pressure of both phases in the emulsion increases as the temperature is increased, some containment and/or pressurized system is generally required to prevent volatilization of the HIPE components during the high temperature curing and or emulsification steps. Volatilization to form gas or vapor bubbles may damage the fine structure, particularly the cell size distribution, of the HIPE and resulting HIPE foam, and is generally to be avoided. This may be accomplished by applying pressure from an external source such as a pump or pressurized gas cylinder, by heating the emulsion in a closed container with relatively small headspace volume, by heating a portion of the composition under the surface of the emulsion in an open container such that the ōhydrostaticö pressure prevents volatilization of the liquid comprising the emulsion, or by any other method or device generally known to those skilled in the art. Elements of these approaches may be combined to develop a suitable process for rapid curing of HIPE foams. FIG. 1 is an electron photomicrograph at 500 X magnification of a control HIPE foam in its expanded state wherein the emulsion was formed at 47░ C. and cured at 65░ C. under ambient pressure according to the prior art. FIG. 2 is an electron photomicrographs at 500 X magnification of a representative polymeric foam in its expanded state according to the present invention prepared as described in Example 1. FIG. 3 is an electron photomicrograph at 1000 X magnification of a control HIPE foam in its expanded state wherein the emulsion was formed at 47░ C. and cured at 65░ C. under ambient pressure according to the prior art. FIG. 4 is an electron photomicrographs at 1000 X magnification of a representative polymeric foam in its expanded state according to the present invention prepared as described in Example 1. FIG. 5 is an electron photomicrograph at 2500 X magnification of a control HIPE foam in its expanded state wherein the emulsion was formed at 47░ C. and cured at 65░ C. under ambient pressure according to the prior art. FIG. 6 is an electron photomicrographs at 2500 X magnification of a representative polymeric foam in its expanded state according to the present invention prepared as described in Example 1. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the curing chamber used to prepare foams depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a continuous process for preparing HIPE foams I. Definitions The following definitions are offered relative to the current invention. ōCuringö is the process of converting a HIPE to a HIPE foam. Curing involves the polymerization of monomers into polymers. A further step included in the curing process is crosslinking. A cured HIPE foam is one which has the physical properties, e.g., mechanical integrity, to be handled in subsequent processing steps (which may include a post-curing treatment to confer the final properties desired). Generally, curing is effected via the application of heat. An indication of the extent of cure is the mechanical strength of the foam, as measured by the yield stress described in the Test Methods section below. ōPolymerizationö is the part of the curing process whereby the monomers of the oil phase are converted to a relatively high molecular weight polymer. ōCrosslinkingö is the part of the curing process whereby the monomers having more than one functional group with respect to free radical polymerization are copolymerized into more than one chain of the growing polymer. ōHydrostaticö relates to pressure conferred by a column of liquid in a gravitational field, sometimes referred to as ōhydrostatic headö. The liquid is not necessarily water, but may be an aqueous solution, emulsion, suspension or other liquid. I. Polymeric Foam Derived From a High Internal Phase Emulsion A. General Foam Characteristics 1. Oil Phase Components The continuous oil phase of the HIPE comprises monomers that are polymerized to form the solid foam structure and the emulsifier necessary to stabilize the emulsion. In general, the monomers will include from about 20 to about 95% by weight of at least one substantially water-insoluble monofunctional monomer capable of forming an atactic amorphous polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about 35░ C. or lower. This comonomer is added to lower the overall Tg of the resulting HIPE foam. Exemplary monomers of this type include C4-C14 alkyl acrylates and C6-C16 methacrylates such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, tetradecyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, nonyl phenyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, and tetradecyl methacrylate; substituted acrylamides, such as N-octadecyl acrylamide; dienes such as isoprene, butadiene, chloroprene, piperylene, 1,3,7-octatriene, β-myrcene and amyl butadiene; substituted C4-C12 styrenics such as p-n-octyl styrene; and combinations of such monomers. The Tg lowering monofunctional monomers will generally comprise 20% to about 95%, more preferably 45% to about 65%, by weight of the monomer component. The oil phase will also comprise from about 5 to about 80% by weight of a first substantially water-insoluble, polyfunctional crosslinking agent. This comonomer is added to confer strength to the resulting HIPE foam. Exemplary crosslinking monomers of this type encompass a wide variety of monomers containing two or more activated vinyl groups, such as the divinyl benzenes and analogs thereof. These analogs include m,p-divinyl benzene mixtures with ethyl styrene, divinyl naphthalene, trivinyl benzene, divinyl alkyl benzenes, divinyl biphenyls, divinyl phenyl ethers, divinyl ferrocenes, divinyl furans, and the like. Other useful crosslinking agents may be selected from a group derived from the reaction of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with polyfunctional alcohols and amines. Nonlimiting examples of this group include 1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate, 1,4-butanedioldimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, hexamethylene bisacrylamide, and the like. Other examples of crosslinking monomers include divinyl sulfide, divinyl sulfone, and trivinyl phosphine. Other crosslinkers useful in this regard are well known to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the weight fraction of the crosslinking component is calculated on the basis of the pure crosslinker in cases wherein the crosslinking monomer is commonly used as a mixture (e.g., divinyl benzene often is a 55% pure mixture with the balance being ethyl styrene). Any third substantially water-insoluble comonomer may be added to the oil phase in weight percentages of from about 0% to about 70%, preferably from about 15% to about 40%, to modify properties in other ways. In certain cases, ōtougheningö monomers may be desired which impart toughness to the resulting HIPE foam equivalent to that provided by styrene. These include styrenics such as styrene and ethyl styrene and methyl methacrylate. Also include are styrenics and other compounds which may also help reduce the Tg or enhance the strength of the resulting HIPE foam such as p-n-octyl styrene. Monomers may be added to confer flame retardancy as disclosed in commonly assigned copending application 09/118,613 (Dyer) filed Jul. 17, 1998. Monomers may be added to confer color, fluorescent properties, radiation resistance, opacity to radiation (e.g., lead tetraacrylate), to disperse charge, to reflect incident infrared light, to absorb radio waves, to form a wettable surface on the HIPE foam struts, or for any other purpose. 2. Aqueous Phase Components The discontinuous aqueous internal phase of the HIPE is generally an aqueous solution containing one or more dissolved components. One essential dissolved component of the water phase is a water-soluble electrolyte. The dissolved electrolyte minimizes the tendency of monomers, comonomers, and crosslinkers that are primarily oil soluble to also dissolve in the water phase. Another component of the aqueous phase is a water-soluble free-radical initiator as may be known to the art. The initiator can be present at up to about 20 mole percent based on the total moles of polymerizable monomers present in the oil phase. More preferably, the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 10 mole percent based on the total moles of polymerizable monomers in the oil phase. Suitable initiators include ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate. 3. Emulsifier The emulsifier is necessary for forming and stabilizing the HIPE. The emulsifier is generally included in the oil phase and tends to be relatively hydrophobic in character. (See for example Williams, J. M., Langmuir 1991, 7, 1370-1377, incorporated herein by reference.) An example emulsifier which functions very well is diglycerol monooleate. Other emulsifiers of this general sort also include diglycerol monomyristate, diglycerol monoisostearate, diglycerol monoesters of coconut fatty acids, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monomyristate, sorbitan monoesters of coconut fatty acids, sorbitan isostearate, and like compounds and mixtures thereof. U.S. Pat. No. 5,786,395 (Stone et al.) issued Jul. 28, 1998 offer further examples of these emulsifiers and is incorporated herein by reference. Such emulsifiers are advantageously added to the oil phase so that it comprises between about 1% and about 15% thereof. Obviously, emulsifiers that are particularly able to stabilize HIPEs at high temperatures are preferred. Diglycerol monooleate is exemplary in this respect. Coemulsifiers may also be used to provide additional control of cell size, cell size distribution, and emulsion stability. Exemplary coemulsifiers include phosphatidyl cholines and phosphatidyl choline-containing compositions, aliphatic betaines, long chain C12-C22 dialiphatic, short chain C1-C4 dialiphatic quaternary ammonium salts, long chain C12-C22 dialkoyl(alkenoyl)-2-hydroxyethyl, short chain C1-C4 dialiphatic quaternary ammonium salts, long chain C12-C22 dialiphatic imidazolinium quaternary ammonium salts, short chain C1-C4 dialiphatic, long chain C12-C22 monoaliphatic benzyl quaternary ammonium salts, the long chain C12-C22 dialkoyl(alkenoyl)-2-aminoethyl, short chain C1-C4 monoaliphatic, short chain C1-C4 monohydroxyaliphatic quaternary ammonium salts Particularly preferred is ditallow, dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Such coemulsifiers and additional examples are described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,222, issued in the name of DesMarais, et al. on Jul. 22, 1997, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 4 Optional Ingredients Various optional ingredients may also be included in either the water or oil phase for various reasons. Examples include antioxidants (e.g., hindered phenolics, hindered amine light stabilizers, UV absorbers), plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate, dinonyl sebacate), flame retardants (e.g., halogenated hydrocarbons, phosphates, borates, inorganic salts such as antimony trioxide or ammonium phosphate or magnesium hydroxide), dyes and pigments, fluorescers, filler particles (e.g., starch, titanium dioxide, carbon black, or calcium carbonate) fibers, chain transfer agents, odor absorbers such as activated carbon particulates, dissolved polymers and oliogomers, and such other agents as are commonly added to polymers for a variety of reasons. Such additives may be added to confer color, fluorescent properties, radiation resistance, opacity to radiation (e.g., lead compounds), to disperse charge, to reflect incident infrared light, to absorb radio waves, to form a wettable surface on the HIPE foam struts, or for any other purpose. B. Processing Conditions for Obtaining HIPE Foams Foam preparation typically involves the steps of: 1) forming a stable high internal phase emulsion (HIPE); 2) curing this stable emulsion under conditions suitable for forming a cellular polymeric structure; 3) optionally squeezing and washing the cellular polymeric structure to remove the original residual water phase from the polymeric foam structure and, if necessary, treating the polymeric foam structure with a hydrophilizing surfactant and/or hydratable salt to deposit any needed hydrophilizing surfactant/hydratable salt, and 4) thereafter dewatering this polymeric foam structure. 1. Formation of HIPE The HIPE is formed by combining the water and oil phase components in a ratio between about 8:1 and 140:1. Preferably, the ratio is between about 10:1 and about 75:1, more preferably between about 13:1 and about 65:1. As discussed above, the oil phase will typically contain the requisite monomers, comonomers, crosslinkers, and emulsifiers, as well as optional components. The water phase will typically contain electrolyte or electrolytes and polymerization initiator or initiators. The HIPE can be formed from the combined oil and water phases by subjecting these combined phases to shear agitation. Shear agitation is generally applied to the extent and for a time period necessary to form a stable emulsion. Such a process can be conducted in either batchwise or continuous fashion and is generally carried out under conditions suitable for forming an emulsion where the water phase droplets are dispersed to such an extent that the resulting polymeric foam will have the requisite structural characteristics. Emulsification of the oil and water phase combination will frequently involve the use of a mixing or agitation device such as an impeller. One preferred method of forming HIPE involves a continuous process that combines and emulsifies the requisite oil and water phases. In such a process, a liquid stream comprising the oil phase is formed. Concurrently, a separate liquid stream comprising the water phase is also formed. The two separate streams are provided to a suitable mixing chamber or zone at a suitable emulsification pressure and combined therein such that the requisite water to oil phase weight ratios previously specified are achieved. In the mixing chamber or zone, the combined streams are generally subjected to shear agitation provided, for example, by an impeller of suitable configuration and dimensions, or by any other means of imparting shear or turbulent mixing generally known to those skilled in the art. Shear will typically be applied to the combined oil/water phase stream at an appropriate rate and extent. Once formed, the stable liquid HIPE can then be withdrawn or pumped from the mixing chamber or zone. This preferred method for forming HIPEs via a continuous process is described in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,149,720 (DesMarais et al), issued Sep. 22, 1992, which is incorporated by reference. See also commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,909 (DesMarais) issued on Oct. 27, 1998 (incorporated herein by reference), which describes an improved continuous process having a recirculation loop for the HIPE. The process also allows for the formation of two or more different kinds of HIPEs in the same vessel as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,704 (Shiveley et al.) issued Oct. 6, 1998, incorporated herein by reference. In this example, two or more pairs of oil and water streams may be independently mixed and then blended as required. 2. Polymerization/Curing of the oil phase of the HIPE The present invention relates to polymerization/curing of the oil phase of the emulsion at high curing temperatures for short periods. The HIPE formed as described above may be polymerized/cured in a batch process, or in a continuous process. A measure of the extent of cure of the polymer is the strength of the foam, as measured by the yield stress described in the Test Methods section below. Another measure of the extent of cure of the polymer is the extent to which it swells in a good solvent such as toluene (being crosslinked, the HIPE foam does not dissolve without being chemically altered). Without being bound by theory, it is believed that curing comprises two overlapping but distinct processes. The first involves polymerization of the monomers. The second the formation of crosslinks between active sites on adjacent polymer backbones. Crosslinking is essential to the formation of HIPE foams with strength and integrity essential to their further handling and use. The rate controlling step of this crosslinking reaction is believed to be related to the rate of diffusion of the active sites attached to the polymer chains. It has been discovered surprisingly that an increase in the rate of production of free-radicals in the HIPE does not accelerate curing usefully. However, increasing the diffusion rate of the active sites by increasing the temperature of the system in a conventional curing process is limited by the volatility of the components of the emulsion. The current invention provides for curing the emulsion under an elevated pressure in order to allow high temperatures and rapid cure times to be attained without excessive volatilization of the emulsion components. It should be noted that the oil phase and the aqueous phase of the emulsion may contain dissolved gases. At elevated temperatures, the solubility of these gases in the liquid phases is reduced, and the gas may be released to form bubbles in the emulsion. These bubbles may disrupt the structure of the HIPE and cause undesirable voids in the finished foam structure. The formation of these voids may be reduced or eliminated by 1) degassing the aqueous and/or oil phases of the emulsion prior to heating, 2) employing sufficient pressure to reduce or eliminate bubble formation at the curing temperature, or combinations of these approaches. Because the amount of aqueous phase is typically much larger than the amount of oil phase in the HIPE, most of the dissolved gas in the system may be removed by degassing only the aqueous phase. Degassing may be achieved by heating the liquid, or applying a vacuum, with or without a nucleating agent (e.g., boiling media, available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.), or by any other technique known to those skilled in the art. The liquid may be degassed in a batchwise process, or preferably in a continuous process immediately prior to formation of the HIPE. It has been found that HIPE structural disruption is minimized if one or both of the phases used to form the HIPE is degassed such that the level of a tracer gas (e. g., oxygen) is reduced to at least half its initial value after the degassing step and prior to formation of the HIPE. Preferably, the level of tracer gas is reduced to 25% of its initial value by the degassing step. More preferably, the tracer gas level is reduced to less than about 15% of its initial value (The amount of the tracer gas in a phase is measured when the phase is at room temperature (ś25░ C.) and at a pressure of 1 atmosphere). Exposure of the liquid to be degassed to a vacuum of about 24 inches of mercury with a residence time of about 20 seconds has been found to reduce dissolved gas to a suitable level in a reasonable time. One of skill in the art will recognize that variables such as the amount of liquid to be degassed, the level of vacuum, the temperature of the liquid, the surface area of the exposed liquid?, and other similar variables all interact to determine the amount of time under vacuum that is required to reduce the initial dissolved gas level to an acceptable level. Such determination is readily done by those having skill in the chemical engineering arts. It should be noted that as the temperature of the system is increased, both the rates of polymerization and depolymerization typically increase. At some elevated temperature, the rates of polymerization of the monomers and depolymerization of the polymer may become equal under the specific curing conditions. This is analogous to the ceiling temperature observed for many polymerization systems under a pressure of 1 atmosphere (see ōTextbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Ed.ö 1971, pp. 306, F. W. Billmeyer, John Wiley & Sons, New York). This limits the practical upper limit of the curing temperature for a particular system. The following describes exemplary nonlimiting embodiments of this invention. In the first embodiment, the HIPE is formed in a batchwise process, as described in Example 1 below. The formed HIPE is transferred to a suitable reaction vessel 200, such as that shown in FIG. 7, capable of withstanding pressures (typically from about 2 to about 40 atmospheres) necessary to enable curing at the desired temperature (typically from about 90░ to about 250░ C.). As will be recognized, such pressure is necessary to prevent volatilization or evaporation of one or more of the HIPE components. The temperature at which the HIPE is provided to the vessel may be significantly lower than the polymerization/curing temperature. FIG. 7 is an exemplary reaction vessel 200 that is suitable for batch curing of HIPEs according to the present invention. The vessel 200 comprises a vessel body 210 having sufficient volume to cure the desired amount of HIPE. The vessel body can have any desired shape including cylindrical, cubic, rectangular solid, or other irregular shape as may be desired. The container should be constructed such that the polymerized/cured solid foam material can be easily removed for further processing after polymerization/curing has been carried out to the extent desired. For certain purposes where the cured HIPE is further processed into a web of material by cutting it as is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/939,172, filed in the name of Sabatelli, et al. on Sep. 29, 1997, a cylindrical shape has been found to be useful. The vessel closure 220 has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the vessel body 210 so as to provide a closure therefor. The seal 230 is interposed between the closure 220 and the body 210 to provide resistance to leakage of materials enclosed in the reaction vessel 200 during the curing process. The vessel 200 should be constructed of materials that are capable of withstanding the pressures necessary to cure the HIPE at the desired temperature as is discussed above. Closure means (not shown) capable of resisting such pressure are also necessary in order to maintain the vessel 200 in a sealed condition during the curing process. The vessel 200 may further be lined with a material compatible with the HIPE so that it does not cause the HIPE to degrade at the interior surfaces of the vessel which contact the HIPE. Exemplary surfaces in this regard include: stainless steel, titanium, glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene. One of skill in the art will recognize that the choice of materials will depend on the environmental factors that the material will experience. For example, curing temperatures greater than the softening point of a polymer surface would render a polymeric lining unsuitable. For curing conditions requiring the surface to be exposed to high concentration of chloride ion (from the aqueous phase of the HIPE) and the combination of high pressure and temperature which provides the accelerated curing described herein, a titanium surface is suitable. The vessel 200 is filled with HIPE so as to minimize headspace volume before being sealed. Minimizing the headspace volume limits the extent to which volatilization of the emulsion components can occur. The vessel 200 may be pressurized simply by heating the container and its contents, for example in an oven. In such a case, the pressure inside the container is determined by the partial vapor pressures of the components of the emulsion. Alternatively, pressure can be introduced through an appropriate valve from an external pressure source such as a pump which can provide an incompatible liquid to raise the pressure or pressurized gas cylinder. Suitable curing conditions will vary depending upon the composition of the oil and aqueous phases of the emulsion (especially the emulsifier systems used), and the type and amounts of polymerization initiators used. Frequently, however, suitable curing conditions will involve maintaining the HIPE at elevated temperatures above about 90░ C., more preferably above about 100░ C., most preferably between about 125░ C. and 165░ C. (2.5 to 7 atmospheres), for a time period ranging from about 20 seconds to about 1 hour, more preferably from about 40 seconds to about 20 minutes, most preferably from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes. FIGS. 1-6 are photomicrographs that compare exemplary foams produced according to the prior art and according to the present invention as described in Example 1 at various magnifications. Specifically, the foam of FIGS. 1, 3, and 5 was produced according to Condition 2 of Example 1 and the foam of FIGS. 2, 4, and 6 was produced according to Condition 7 of Example 1. As can be seen by comparing the process conditions given in table 1, the only substantial difference in curing is the curing temperature, with the resulting reduction in curing time. As is clearly evident from the property data in Table 1 below and by comparing the various pairs of figures, the rapid curing process of the present invention provides foams having essentially the same properties as foams produced according to the prior art using curing processes that required substantially longer curing times. In alternative embodiments of the batchwise process, a plurality of reaction vessels 200 may be attached, for example, to a continuous belt which moves the vessels from a HIPE filling station through a heating zone to a section which ejects the cured HIPE foam to a processing line and carriers the containers back to the filling zone (after any washing process that may be needed to restore the containers to usable condition). In a second embodiment, the HIPE is formed in a continuous process, as is shown schematically in FIG. 8 and described in Example 2 below. FIG. 8 describes one method and an apparatus 300 suitable for continuously forming HIPE foams according to the present invention. A HIPE is made using the methods generally described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,149,720 and 5,827,909. That is, the oil phase (desired blend of monomers and emulsifier) is prepared and stored in an oil phase supply vessel 305. Similarly, the desired aqueous phase (blend of water, electrolyte and initiator) is prepared and stored in an aqueous phase supply vessel 310. The oil phase and the aqueous phase are supplied in the desired proportions to mixhead 330 by an oil phase supply pump 315 and an aqueous phase supply pump 325. The mixhead 330 supplies the mechanical energy (shear) necessary to form the HIPE. If desired, a HIPE recirculation pump 335 can be used. The formed HIPE is pumped into an elongated curing chamber 340 with specific cross-sectional shape and dimensions as desired for the foam product. The oil phase supply pump 315 and the aqueous phase supply pump may be used to pump the HIPE from the mixhead 330 to the curing chamber 340. In this case, emulsification will occur at substantially the curing pressure. One of skill in the art will recognize that the emulsification pressure must be somewhat greater than curing pressure to enable flow to occur. Alternatively, an optional booster pump 345 may be used to pump the HIPE from the mixhead 330 to the curing chamber 340. In this case, emulsification will occur at a lower pressure and temperature than the curing step. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention (not shown), multiple systems, similar to those described above, can be used to make multiple HIPEs having different combinations of properties (e.g. pore dimensions, mechanical properties, etc.). Such multiple HIPEs can be introduced into the curing chamber 340 so as to provided a cured foam having regions of varying properties as may be desired for a particular end use. The chamber 340 may further be lined with a material compatible with the HIPE so that it does not cause degradation of the HIPE structure at the interior surfaces which contact the HIPE, and is not degraded by the oil or water phase components at the elevated temperatures intended. Optionally, a slip layer may be provided between the curing HIPE and the chamber walls to minimize uneven flow patterns as the HIPE progresses through the chamber 340. As with the lining discussed above, the slip layer must be compatible with the oil and water phase components of the HIPE and have sufficient mechanical stability at the curing temperature so as to be effective. Such a slip layer has particular utility when used with curing chamber designs incorporating the ōhydrostatic headö as are discussed below. At least a portion of the chamber 340 is heated in order to bring the HIPE to the intended curing temperature as it passes through this section or zone. Any manner of heating this section or zone may be employed in order to reach and maintain the desired temperature in a controlled fashion. Examples include heating by resistive electrical elements, steam, hot oil or other fluids, hot air or other gases, open flame, or any other method of heating known to those skilled in the art. Optionally, a static mixer/heat exchanger or other forced convection heat exchanger can be utilized in the heated section to improve heat transfer into the HIPE. Once the HIPE begins to gel, the composition can no longer be mixed because of the risk of damaging or even destroying the structure of the foam. The chamber 340 should be designed such that the pressure required to pump the emulsion and/or cured foam through the chamber under steady state conditions is sufficient to prevent volatilization of the emulsion components at the cure temperature. The chamber 340 may be in a horizontal, inclined, or vertical position. The inclined and vertical orientations may be employed to provide additional ōhydrostaticö back-pressure to help prevent the volatilization of HIPE components, thereby allowing a shorter curing chamber to be employed. The length of the optional heated section, the temperature of the optional heated section and the rate at which the emulsion is pumped through the tube are selected to allow for sufficient residence time within the chamber 340 for adequate heat transfer to the center of the chamber 340 in order to attain complete cure. If the optional heating is done in chambers 340, then Chambers 340 with relatively thin cross-sectional dimensions are preferred in order to facilitate rapid heat transfer. The HIPE is substantially cured into a HIPE foam by the time it exits the curing chamber 340. Optionally, an elevated extension 350 may be located above and downstream of the curing chamber 340 so as to provide a hydrostatic head. The curing chamber 340 can have any desired cross section that is consistent with the flow requirements of pumping the curing HIPE. For example, the cross section can be rectangular, circular, triangular, annular, oval, hourglass, dog bone, asymmetric, etc., as may be desired for a particular use of the cured HIPE. Preferably, the cross sectional dimensions of the chamber 340 are such that the polymerized HIPE foam is produced in sheet-like form with the desired cross-sectional dimensions. Alternatively, the cross-sectional shape can be designed to facilitate manufacture of the desired product in subsequent processes. For example, an hourglass-shaped cross-section (or conjoined hourglass sections) of the appropriate size may facilitate making disposable absorbent products such as diapers by cutting relatively thin slices or sheets of the shaped HIPE foam. Other sizes and shapes may be prepared for making feminine hygiene pads, surgical drapes, face masks, and the like. Regardless of the cross-sectional dimensions of the curing chamber 340, the resultant HIPE foam may be cut or sliced into a sheet-like form with thickness suitable for the intended application. The cross-section of the curing chamber 340 may be varied along the length of the chamber in order to increase or decrease the pressure required to pump the HIPE through the chamber. For example, the cross-sectional area of a vertical curing chamber may be increased above the point at which the HIPE foam is cured, in order to reduce the resistance to flow caused by friction between the walls of the chamber and the cured foam. Alternatively, the cross-sectional area of a curing chamber may be decreased past the point at which the HIPE foam is cured, in order to increase the pressure required to pump the HIPE through the chamber thereby allowing a shorter curing chamber to be employed. A solution of initiator can optionally be injected into the HIPE at a point between the mixhead 330 and the curing chamber 340 (not shown). If the optional injection of initiator is chosen, the aqueous phase, as provided from the aqueous phase supply vessel, is substantially initiator free. Additional mixing means, such as a continuous mixer (not shown) may also be desirable downstream of the injection point and upstream of the curing chamber 340 to ensure the initiator solution is distributed throughout the HIPE. Such an arrangement has the advantage of substantially reducing the risk of undesirable curing in the mixhead 330 in the event of an unanticipated equipment shutdown. A porous, water-filled, open-celled HIPE foam is the product obtained after curing in the reaction chamber. As noted above, the cross sectional dimensions of the chamber 340 are preferably such that the polymerized HIPE foam is produced in sheet-like form with the desired cross-sectional dimensions. Alternative cross-sectional dimensions may be employed, but regardless of the shape of the curing chamber 340, the resultant HIPE foam may be cut or sliced into a sheet-like form with thickness suitable for the intended application. Sheets of cured HIPE foam are easier to process during subsequent treating/washing and dewatering steps, as well as to prepare the HIPE foam for use in the intended application. Alternatively, the product HIPE foam may be cut, ground or otherwise comminuted into particles, cubes, rods, spheres, plates, strands, fibers, or other desired shapes. The aqueous phase remaining with the HIPE is typically removed by compressing the foam. Residual moisture can be removed as desired by conventional evaporative drying techniques. As noted above, in the continuous curing process, the emulsification step may be carried out at a relatively low pressure and the pre-formed emulsion pumped into the curing chamber under relatively high pressure using booster pump 345. An alternative process entails pumping the oil phase and the aqueous phase into the mixing chamber under relatively high pressure using oil phase supply pump 315 and aqueous phase supply pump 325. In this case, the emulsification step occurs under relatively high pressure, and the emulsion exits from the mixing chamber directly into the curing chamber under the requisite pressure. This eliminates the need to actively pump the pre- formed emulsion into the curing chamber. The HIPE may comprise at least one monomer with a boiling point less than about 60░ C. Exemplary monomers include chloroprene, isoprene, and butadiene. These volatile monomers are not easily managed with the HIPE curing processes disclosed to date. When these are employed in the current invention, the pressure of the process must be sufficient to prevent undue volatilization of these monomers even with the heating necessary to effect rapid cure. Foams using these monomers appropriately may be biodegradable as disclosed in aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,168, in which HIPE foams made with isoprene are prepared at a pressure of about 30 psi (2 atmospheres) and a temperature of 50░ C. for 48 hours or more. The process according to the current invention enables the curing time to be shortened significantly by applying higher temperatures and pressures. Foams based on chloroprene may be flame retardant, as disclosed in aforementioned copending application Ser. No. 09/1118,613. As taught in each of these references, the inclusion of antioxidants may be especially preferred for HIPE foams made with 1,3-dienes. III. Test Methods The test methodologies for measuring Tg, yield stress, expansion factors, and stability in the compressed state are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,359. The methodologies for measuring Resistance to Compression Deflection (RTCD), and Free Absorbent Capacity (FAC) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,805. Swelling Ratio: Swelling ratio may be used as a relative measure of the degree of crosslinking of the polymer comprising the HIPE foam. The degree of crosslinking is the critical part of curing as defined herein above. Swelling ratio is determined by cutting a cylindrical sample of the foam 2-6 mm thick, 2.5 cm in diameter. The foam sample is thoroughly washed with water and 2-propanol to remove any residual salts and/or emulsifier. This is be accomplished by placing the sample on a piece of filter paper in a B³chner funnel attached to a filter flask. A vacuum is applied to the filter flask by means of a laboratory aspirator and the sample is thoroughly washed with distilled water and then with 2-propanol such that the water and 2-propanol are drawn through the porous foam by the vacuum. The washed foam sample is then dried in an oven at 65░ C. for three hours, removed from the oven, and allowed to cool to room temperature prior to measurement of the swelling ratio. The sample is weighed to within ▒1 mg, to obtain the dry weight of the sample, Wd. The sample is then placed in a vacuum flask containing sufficient methanol to completely submerge the foam sample. Remaining air bubbles in the foam structure are removed by gentle reduction of the pressure in the flask by means of a laboratory aspirator. Gentle vacuum is applied and released several times until no more bubbles are observed leaving the foam sample when the vacuum is applied, and the foam sample sinks upon release of the vacuum. The completely saturated foam sample is gently removed from the flask and weighed to within ▒1 mg, taking care not to squeeze any of the methanol out of the sample during the weighing process. After the weight of the methanol saturated sample is recorded, (Wm), the sample is again dried by gently expressing most of the methanol followed by oven drying at 65░ C. for 1 hour. The dry sample is then placed into a vacuum flask containing sufficient toluene to completely submerge the foam sample. Residual air trapped within the pores of the foam is removed by gentle application and release of vacuum, as described above. The toluene saturated weight of the sample, Wt, is also obtained as described above. The swelling ratio may be calculated from the densities of methanol and toluene, and the weights recorded in the above procedure as follows:
where 0.912 is the ratio of the densities of methanol and toluene. Yield Stress: Yield stress is the most practical measure of the degree of curing and relates to the compression strength of the HIPE foam. Yield stress is the stress at which a marked change in the slope of the stress-strain curve occurs. This is practically determined by the intersection of extrapolated regions of the stress-strain curve above and below the yield point, as described in more detail below. The general test method for measuring yield stress is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,753,359. Specifically, for the purposes of this application, the following method is used: Apparatus: Rheometrics RSA-2 DMA, as is available from Rheometrics Inc., of Piscatawy, N.J. Setup: 0.1% strain rate per second for 600 seconds (to 60% strain) using 2.5 cm diameter parallel plates in compression mode; 31░ C. oven temperature held for 10 minutes prior to the start of the test, and throughout the test. Sample: HIPE foam samples cut into cylinders 2-6 mm thick and 2.5 cm in diameter The resulting stress-strain curve can be analyzed by line fitting the initial linear elastic and plateau portions of the plot using a linear regression method. The intersection of the two lines thus obtained provides the yield stress (and yield strain). Density: Foam density can be measured on dry, expanded foams using any reasonable method. The method used herein is disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,207. Curing Rate Determinations: HIPEs are prepared at specified temperatures and placed in suitable containers for specified times at the cure temperatures. The HIPE foams so produced are plunged into an ice bath to quench the curing process. The cooled foams are removed and processed for analysis, usually comprising removal of water by use of pressure, washing in water and/or organic solvent, and drying followed by slicing and/or cutting to the desired dimensions. V. Specific Examples These nonlimiting examples illustrate the specific preparation of HIPE foams according the present invention. Batch Preparation of Foam from a HIPE A) HTPE Preparation Anhydrous calcium chloride (12.0 g) and potassium persulfate (0.150 g) are dissolved in 300 mL of water. This provides the aqueous phase to be used in forming the HIPE. To a monomer combination comprising 2-ethylhexylacrylate (EHA) (5.50 g), divinylbenzene (of 42% purity with balance being ethyl styrene) (DVB42) (3.30 g), and 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) (1.20 g) is added a high purity diglycerol monooleate (DGMO) (0.6 g), and ditallowdimethylammonium methyl sulfate (DTDMAMS) (0.1 g). (DVB42 may be obtained from Dow Chemical, Midland, Mo.; other monomers may be obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; DGMO may be obtained from Danisco Ingredients, Brabrand, Denmark; and DTDMAMS may be obtained Witco Corp., Greenwich Conn.) The diglycerol monooleate emulsifier comprises approximately 81% diglycerol monooleate, 1% other diglycerol monoesters, 3% polyglycerols, and 15% other polyglycerol esters, imparts a minimum oil phase/water phase interfacial tension value of approximately 2.5 dyne/cm and has a critical aggregation concentration of approximately 2.9 wt %. This provides the oil phase to be used in forming the HIPE. The monomer percentages by weight are 55% EHA, 33% DVB42, and 12% HDDA. A portion of the oil phase (5.00 g) is weighed into a high-density polyethylene cup with vertical sides and a flat bottom. The internal diameter of the cup is 70 mm and the height of the cup is 120 mm. The oil phase is stirred using an overhead stirrer equipped with a stainless steel impeller attached to the bottom of a stainless steel shaft ⅜ inch (9.5 mm) in diameter. The impeller has 6 arms extending radially from a central hub, each arm with a square cross section 3.5 mmū3.5 mm, and a length of 27 mm measured from the shaft to the tip of the arm. The oil phase is stirred with the impeller rotating at 250 to 300 rpm while 240 mL of pre-heated aqueous phase (47░ C.) is added drop-wise over a period of ca. 4 minutes to form a thick high internal phase emulsion. The impeller is raised and lowered within the emulsion during the addition of the aqueous phase so as to achieve uniform mixing of the components. After all of the aqueous phase has been added, the emulsion is stirred for an additional minute with an impeller speed of ca. 400 rpm to achieve a thick but pourable, uniform HIPE. B) Polymerization/Curing of HIPE A portion of the emulsion is poured into a cylindrical stainless steel vessel (see FIG. 7) with a wall thickness of ca. 3 mm, a depth of ca. 16 mm and an internal diameter of ca. 3.8 cm so as to completely fill the vessel. A 6 mm thick stainless steel lid equipped with an O-ring is used to seal the vessel, the lid being secured by means of a C-clamp. The entire vessel is submerged in a bath of silicone oil pre-heated to the desired curing temperature for the required length of time. Upon removal from the oil bath, the vessel is immediately submerged in bath containing a mixture of ice and water in order to cool the vessel and its contents rapidly. After several minutes, the vessel is removed from the ice/water bath and the cured foam within is removed carefully for washing, dewatering, and characterization, as described in the Test Methods section above. C) Foam Washing and Dewatering The cured HIPE foam is removed from the container. The foam at this point has residual water phase (containing dissolved or suspended emulsifiers, electrolyte, initiator residues, and initiator) about 48 times the weight of polymerized monomers. The foam is dewatered by placing the sample on a piece of filter paper in a B³chner funnel attached to a filter flask. A vacuum is applied to the filter flask by means of a laboratory aspirator and the sample is thoroughly washed with distilled water and then with 2-propanol such that the water and 2-propanol are drawn through the porous foam by the vacuum. The washed foam sample is then dried in an oven at 65░ C. for three hours, removed from the oven, and allowed to cool to room temperature prior to characterization as described in the Test Methods section above. Exemplary data are presented in Table 1 below
Long cure times (typically >8 hours) are required to achieve full cure at 65░ C., as evidenced by the yield stress data. At 65░ C., no foam is recoverable at cure times less than about 2.5 hours, i.e. a minimum of about 2.5 hours is required for the HIPE to cure sufficiently so as to have enough mechanical integrity to be recovered. Continuous Preparation of Foam from a HIPE A) HIPE Preparation Anhydrous calcium chloride (36.32 kg) and potassium persulfate (189 g) are dissolved in 378 L of water. This provides the water phase stream to be used in a continuous process for forming the HIPE. To a monomer combination comprising DVB42 (2100 g), 2-EHA (3300 g), and HDDA (600 g) is added a very high purity DGMO (360 g), and Tinuvin 765 (30 g). After mixing, this emulsifier mixture is allowed to settle overnight. No visible residue is formed and all of the mix is withdrawn and used in the oil phase as the emulsifier in forming the HIPE. Separate streams of the oil phase (25░ C.) and water phase (65░ C.) are fed to a dynamic mixing apparatus as in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,909. A portion of the material exiting the dynamic mixing apparatus is withdrawn and recirculated by a recirculation loop as shown and described in the Figure of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,909 to the entry point of the oil and water phase flow streams to the dynamic mixing zone. The combined mixing and recirculation apparatus is filled with oil phase and water phase at a ratio of 4 parts water to 1 part oil. The dynamic mixing apparatus is vented to allow air to escape while filling the apparatus completely. The flow rates during filling are 3.78 g/sec oil phase and 15.12 cc/sec water phase with about 15 cc/sec in the recirculation loop. During the start-up phase, the HIPE produced is diverted into a holding tank until production conditions are achieved. Once the apparatus set-up is filled, the water phase flow rate is cut in half to reduce the pressure build up while the vent is closed. Agitation is then begun in the dynamic mixer, with the impeller turning at 1800 RPM. The flow rate of the water phase is then steadily increased to a rate of 45.4 cc/sec over a time period of about 1 min., and the oil phase flow rate is reduced to 0.757 g/sec over a time period of about 2 min. The recirculation rate is steadily increased to about 45 cc/sec during the latter time period. The back pressure created by the dynamic and static mixers at this point is about 10 PSI (69 kPa). The Waukesha pump speed is then steadily decreased to yield a recirculation rate of about 11 cc/sec. B) Polymerization/Curing of HIPE Once steady-state production of HIPE is achieved, a portion of the emulsion flowing from the static mixer is pumped into the bottom of a vertical stainless steel chamber with a rectangular cross-section having internal dimensions of 5 mmū300 mm, and a length (height) of 15 meters. A section near the bottom of the tube is jacketed and oil at 140░ C. is continuously pumped through the jacket. The emulsion is pumped through the chamber at a rate such that the residence time in the heated section is 10 minutes. During this 10 minute period, the oil phase is polymerized/cured to form an open celled foam. C) Foam Washing and Dewatering The cured HIPE foam exits from the top of the chamber in the form of a continuous sheet with the same cross-section as that of the curing chamber (300 mm wide, 5 mm thick). The foam at this point has residual aqueous phase (containing dissolved or suspended emulsifiers, electrolyte, initiator residues, and initiator) about 50-60 times (50-60X) the weight of polymerized monomers. The foam sheet is then subjected to compression in a series of 2 porous nip rolls equipped with vacuum which gradually reduce the residual water phase content of the foam to about 6 times (6X) the weight of the polymerized material. At this point, the sheet is then resaturated with a 1.5% CaCl2 solution at 60░ C., and squeezed in a series of 3 porous nip rolls equipped with vacuum to a water phase content of about 4X. The CaCl2 content of the foam is between 8 and 10%. The foam remains compressed after the final nip at a thickness of about 0.021 in. (0.053 cm). The foam is then dried in air for about 16 hours. Such drying reduces the moisture content to about 9-17 % by weight of polymerized material. At this point, the foam sheets are very drapeable. The foam also contains about 5% by weight of residual diglycerol monooleate emulsifier. In the collapsed state, the density of the foam is about 0.14 g/cc. When expanded in water, its free absorbent capacity is about 60 mL/g and has a glass transition temperature of about 23░ C. Alternate Formulations. The process of Example 2 is replicated with different monomer types and ratios and other conditions as shown in Table 2 below:
The foams produced in these examples are open-celled and sufficiently cured in the time noted to have useful properties. Each can be post-treated to be either hydrophilic or hydrophobic, depending on the intended use. Foam number 1, for example, may be used as a packaging or insulating foam, among other uses. Foam 2 is biodegradable. Foam 3 may be used as a material for acquiring urine rapidly, for example. Foams 4 and 5 may be used in applications like floor mats where a high degree of toughness and abrasion resistance is required. Foam 6 is an example of a foam which does not burn on exposure to open flame. (An optional adjuvant in Foam 6 is, for example, antimony trioxide microparticles added to the oil phase prior to emulsification.) Each of these uses is exemplary but non-limiting. The formulations may be altered in each parameter to modify the properties such as Tg (add more Tg lowering monomer), cell size (decrease by increasing shear or RPM), density (decrease by increasing W:O ratio), toughness (increase by adding styrene), and the like. The disclosures of all patents, patent applications (and any patents which issue thereon, as well as any corresponding published foreign patent applications), and publications mentioned throughout this description are hereby incorporated by reference herein. It is expressly not admitted, however, that any of the documents incorporated by reference herein teach or disclose the present invention. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention. Citas de patentes
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End user development: What influences the relationship between satisfaction with tools and satisfaction with applications
McGill, T.J., Lee, C., Loh, G., Seow, H.H. and Wong, L. (2001) End user development: What influences the relationship between satisfaction with tools and satisfaction with applications. In: 4th Western Australian Workshop on Information Systems, 26th November, Perth
This study explored the possible role of four factors in the relationship between end user developers' perceptions of their applications and their perceptions of the tools used to create them. Satisfaction with a user developed application was found to be significantly correlated with satisfaction with the tool used to create the application regardless of the provision of feedback about the application, or level of spreadsheet development knowledge. Previous experience with another spreadsheet development tool did however appear to influence the relationship, suggesting that end user developers would benefit from experience with a variety of development tools.
Publication Type: | Conference Paper |
Murdoch Affiliation: | School of Information Technology |
Publisher: | University of Western Australia |
Copyright: | (c) The authors |
URI: | http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/854 |
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July 25th, 2011USA 800-meter track-and-field star Khadevis Robinson, aka KD, started his 2011 season on a positive note with back-to-back wins. His first win was in Jamaica in 1:46.25 followed by another win at the Occidental meet in California in a time of 1:46.01.July 20th, 2011Ultra marathoner Mosi Smith finished in 1st place in "The Big Bear 12 Hour Trail Race" in the solo runner division. Held in Bruceton Mills, West Virginia, at the Big Bear Lake Camplands, this was a multiple lap trail race in which teams relay ran (or solo ran) during a 12 hour time period.July 15th, 2011It's not often that an amateur triathlete has the opportunity to stand right next to world champions and Olympic athletes like Chris McCormack and Olivier Marceau at the starting line of a triathlon, but that's where Ben found himself on the island of Nevis, smack dab in the middle of the Caribbean.June 26th, 2011Amidst a crowd of 30,000 plus runners, a person can feel at the same time both alone and a part of one of the largest and most prestigious gatherings of runners on the planet. When the gun goes off, the race that is known as the Boston Marathon signals the start of 26.2 miles between you and the finish line. With the ultimate responsibility for your performance lying within you, it stands as both a joyous social gathering and an intensely personal struggle.June 24th, 2011To be successful as an ultramarathoner, you have to build more than just muscles and capillaries and cardiac efficiency. You have to also build willpower, mental determination, self-sufficiency, and, above all, the vaguely romantic sense of awe and wonder at the thought of spending hours and hours running through sunlight and darkness on rocky trails through the woods, and hot, shadeless roads, and cold eerie nights...February 16th, 2011Joining a field of more than 17,000 runners from all 50 states and 60 different countries, Michael Goolkasian raced for the 6th time in this 26.2-mile event through Walt Disney World theme parks as he completed his 152nd career marathon.December 27th, 2010With the smell of ocean air piercing John's nostrils and the sight of ocean breakers coming into view, John reaches Atlantic City and the Atlantic Ocean. After close to 5 months of running, what began as a 16-year-old's dream back in high school was finally fulfilled, 40 years later in adulthood.December 1st, 2010After close to four months of running, starting out on July 4th from California and the Pacific Ocean, ultramarathon runner John Radich has reached Ohio, the Buckeye State—nicknamed as such because of the many buckeye trees that once covered its hills and plains. The name itself can be traced to Native Americans, who called it "hetuck," or "buckeye," due to the markings on the tree's nut that resemble the eye of a buck.Site News and Updates
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With an impressive sub-24 hour finish and prestigious silver belt buckle award in The Western States Endurance Run just two...


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Rel Comm was founded in 1986 in the basement of my house. Back in those days I had five or six pretty large customers and one Technician.
We now have offices in Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and Raleigh, North Carolina. The five or six Customers have now become over 1,000 Customers with a staff of over 40 professionals to support them.
The company has grown from providing refurbished Telecommunication systems to being one of the top Mitel Dealers in the Nation.
The core values that have fueled that growth are providing a high quality product with superior installation and support. We have invested heavily in Technical Training for our Service and Support Specialists which makes us uniquely qualified to deliver a high quality installation regardless of our Customers size or applications.
Our goal is not only to acquire new customers but to retain the existing ones through consistently providing good service and support. As technology changes we are determined to stay ahead of the curve while never losing sight of the values that this company was founded upon.
Robert C. Murray
Allow us to find a solution for your business needs. Contact us for more information or to set up an appointment.


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Why Candidates Choose Dylan
At Dylan your career development is our primary motivation. Helping you succeed is the lifeblood of our business and we pride ourselves on getting your next step just right. Every day, we strive to find our candidates the very best job opportunities in the 'best fit', most stimulating environments.
Our aim is to ensure that we match your career ambitions to a company that can offer you more than just the job of your dreams - but a career. Ultimately, we want you to thrive, because when you prosper, so do our clients and so does Dylan.
We're Changing Recruitment
We want all our candidates to be best in class. The people companies choose to work with. It's a bit like training an athlete: preparation is everything.
Our promise - we won't put you up for jobs we don't think you're suited for and we won't leave you to fend for yourself once you're through the door.
We will work with you on everything from updating your CV to getting the most out of the interview so you understand your own agenda, know what questions to ask and come away with a clear idea of what the job - and the company - has to offer.
We'll also equip you with the tools to assess each opportunity - whether it's a freelance contract or a permanent position, regardless of industry sector.
It's simple, but always intelligent.
The easiest way of finding the perfect new job is by having your very own recruitment consultant.
Of course, hiring your own recruitment consultant could actually be quite expensive!
Registering with Dylan is like having your own consultant, who learns what's perfect for you as you search. If you don't register we'll save as much of your search information as we can, but after a few days we have to start afresh. So register now and make sure that make the most of the Dylan experience.
Why Register?
All Your Recommendations Saved
By registering you can make sure that all of the jobs you've 'starred' and all the jobs Dylan recommends to you are saved for as long as you need them. We'll save your jobs for a few days if you don't register, but then we have to start afresh.
What You've Applied For
We know that sometimes you'll want to apply for multiple jobs - so you can make sure exactly what's right for you. By registering we'll keep track of the jobs you've applied for, so you know exactly what to follow up on.
A Different Search For Every Occasion
What happens if the job you want to search for can be spilt into different groups, say the same job role, but in different locations? We don't want you to have to retype the search - so we make it easy for you to save and action specific searches.
Save A Note and Never Miss A Beat
It happens to everyone, you're searching for a new job and the description has a certain skill or phrase you're not sure about. By making a short note you can make sure you're on top of everything you need to know, or need to ask.
Save Your Consultants Just Like Your Jobs
At the heart of Dylan is relationships. In the same way you can 'star' a job, we want you to have quick access to your offline consultant. So you can track just their specialists jobs, or find their contact details easily.
Upload Your CV Once - And Everytime You Update It.
When you register, you can upload your CV and we'll get it straight away - and we'll review it just as quickly. Any time you make a change to it, all you have to do is upload the new version to your profile, and we'll know exactly what you're up to.


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Results 31 to 60 of 1131
Thread: Random Chatter
August 5th, 2011 #31"I eat comics and poop stylization"
♞Sketchbook (Critiques, no compliments please.)
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August 5th, 2011 #32
August 5th, 2011 #33yea just dont give a shit about it, everyone gets that "you suck give up" talk once in a while. no need to get butthurt over things that people threw at you over the internets. they're poets after all, theyre a finicky bunch. i get it all the time too, probably a whole lot worse than you and i know i suck right now but i am getting better i can see the improvements
i bet michelangelo drew guys all the time and probably got some 'ur gay ur going to hell' but he didnt stop
~*the artistic journey is like giving birth, its gonna hurt and you know you suck but you cant give up because there is no such thing as "giving up" in childbirth*~
August 5th, 2011 #34No kidding.
You are gonna have to develop a thicker skin in all aspects of creativity. Let me put it into context for you, as everyone goes through it.
On a certain heavy metal website that is popular (ahem, blabbermouth, ahem). I have had my work called:
"the worst album cover of the year"
"Lame cover art for a lame band name and lame music."
"Did I miss on something? It looks like something Autopsy would have refused back in the early 90s, to the best."
"man that cover art sucks donkey dick."
"Gay as fuck would be putting this cover lightly"
And that is just from a single search from a single album cover.
What's the phrase?
In short...ya gotta suck it up and deal with it, dude. All forms of art can be critiqued. All all forms of art can also easily be hated upon like no other. You, as the artist, have to decide what is valid critique and what is tossed into the trash as trolling.
I know how you feel, everyone does. But you don't stop everything because a few people say your work sucks. If you do, they win. Honestly, in the most blunt way I can say it, you just got successfully trolled. That's all.
The Following User Says Thank You to Dusty For This Useful Post:
August 5th, 2011 #35
August 5th, 2011 #36Or then the people in the poetry site recognized you as a newbie and decided to take you down couple notches just in case, which is generally seen in this place too just as much, especially if the poster comes off as "well everyone else said my work is really good" type of newbie. Not saying that you did come off like that Jacob, as I haven't seen the original post but "bland, immature, juvenile, and cliche" aren't too far from what most new people can get in here (though the actual words vary).
"I eat comics and poop stylization"
♞Sketchbook (Critiques, no compliments please.)
August 5th, 2011 #37Ducks really aren't built for violence.
Their main form of combat seems to be chasing the other duck around in circles while trying pull out some its tail feathers.
The Following User Says Thank You to Kamber Parrk For This Useful Post:
August 6th, 2011 #38That's the thing, is that I really encouraged constructive criticsm saying that I just started, and that I don't really know what I'm doing, and I want to improve. And instead of helping me improve, the first few comments were like "Yeah this is really bad" "how horrendously bland" etc and then I commented back "Ok, so how do I make it better?" which I thought was certainly a fair comment as I wanted constructive critiques. They then yelled at me saying I was impatient, that I just joined the forum and therefore wasn't worthy of critiques, and later that I shouldn't write at all. SO I don't think I was immature in this situation, I think they were.
But I'm done with that forum and I don't really care. I've still been writing. It's too bad to hear that you've had that slander, Dusty. Metal fans are certainly some of the worst when it comes to that stuff.
As for random thoughts, a chicken tikka masala burrito is the best idea anyone has ever had in culinary history and there NEED to be more. I'm going to bring tortillas with me to ever single Indian buffet I go to from now on!
ALSO I'm very sick of people who hire my artistic services and then don't use my artwork! I get paid so I probably shouldn't care but really I do! I hate to see that the people who are hiring me don't actually like what I'm producing. I've even seen stuff where I've done work and then they went and hired someone else to re-do it.
Last edited by OldJake666; August 6th, 2011 at 01:19 AM.
August 6th, 2011 #39I have the same useless pondering about the duckbilled platopuss. Which one was the pitcher and who was the catcher? What other scenario could evoloution allow for such an abomonation. Anybody got any theories on this one?
Jake Korbrin
ALSO I'm very sick of people who hire my artistic services and then don't use my artwork! I get paid so I probably shouldn't care but really I do! I hate to see that the people who are hiring me don't actually like what I'm producing. I've even seen stuff where I've done work and then they went and hired someone else to re-do it.
Last edited by Raoul Duke; August 6th, 2011 at 01:51 AM.
August 6th, 2011 #40It just makes me feel a bit inferior or hurt is all.
August 6th, 2011 #41Don't feel hurt or inferior. They hired you for a reason. It sounds like the mistake was miscommunication. Communicate with them properly and find out what mark you missed. Illustration clients could be easy to give a client Rembrandt when they actually wanted Adam Hughes and didn't express it properly. I've run into that problem too and also regret not making it right.
If it's concept art. Well that happens to the best of the best all the time. Even guys like Craig Mullins and Iain McCaig. It's a brainstorming process. Some concepts are the right fit and some concepts don't fit regardless of quality.
Whatever you do don't burn your bridges or worse become disguntled and bitter. I'm sure you'll be fine if you don't let things like misguided clients get to you.
August 6th, 2011 #42I get paid so I probably shouldn't care but really I do! I hate to see that the people who are hiring me don't actually like what I'm producing. I've even seen stuff where I've done work and then they went and hired someone else to re-do it.
It sucks. It's stressful. It makes you question your abilities. It makes you ask "Why the fuck did you approve the fucking sketch and now don't like the final artwork", and it makes you want to rip your hair out. But you gotta pick up your ego and try harder, man.
These people don't care about your feelings, they only want what is best for their PRODUCT. If you line up with those goals, then it's a success. If not, it's not necessarily a failure, it just means you weren't able to read their minds this time.
As time goes on, hopefully you'll get better at reading minds. :p
Seriously, dude...both of these things are things that just add on to your thick skin. They hurt badly now, and it may always happen...but you'll learn to pick yourself up after a shot of whiskey.
August 6th, 2011 #43I'm not so much worried about global warming as I am about universal cooling.
"Astronomy offers an aesthetic indulgence not duplicated in any other field. This is not an academic or hypothetical attraction and should require no apologies, for the beauty to be found in the skies has been universally appreciated for unrecorded centuries."
The Following User Says Thank You to s.ketch For This Useful Post:
August 6th, 2011 #44wow if i got hired i'd be glad that i got picked out of all the other artists who are fighting for work in the first place. as long as i got paid and had another work to add to my portfolio, i don't care what that other person does with my artwork (i mean do care but, they paid for it after all...)
speaking of that, i had a schoolmate buy my finished project for art class once (i didnt care about it that much and he bartered his oil sticks for it)
he said he used my drawing as a sleigh to slide down the snowy hills because it was the only viable thing he had at the moment
i mean, the fuck, right? but hey i have my oil sticks....
~*the artistic journey is like giving birth, its gonna hurt and you know you suck but you cant give up because there is no such thing as "giving up" in childbirth*~
August 6th, 2011 #45It happens. As long as you get paid, you kinda just have to roll with it.
Often it's the result of multiple parties getting involved - so the art director may have loved it, but then marketing thinks it won't sell as well as something else, or branding thinks it doesn't quite work with their image, or legal has some quibble, or there's a staff changeover and some new ambitious person wants to make their mark by revamping whatever their predecessor worked on...
You never know what the deal is. Whoever ordered it probably was pleased with it at the time, but then stuff happened and something else was needed. Heck, I've done entire projects start to finish only to have them replaced by something else maybe a month after launch, because somebody in marketing or branding or corporate had a sudden change of plan... It's frustrating, but it's never personal. It's just corporations doing what corporations do.
If it was good, you can still show it off in your portfolio, anyway.
Last edited by QueenGwenevere; August 6th, 2011 at 08:05 PM.
August 7th, 2011 #46I was reading about the deepnet. It's pretty fascinating stuff. If you're not aware, the Internet used to be a used only by a very exclusive group of individuals who were mostly computer geeks. Then AOL released a graphics web browser and the once exclusive Internet was "tainted" by average computer users. However, what the graphics browsers show us is only about 1% of the actual Internet which was indexed by companies like Google. The rest is the darkweb, which is a mix of unorganized databases, computer geeks exploring the depths of the web, and shady characters posting child pornography and the like. Still, it's interesting, and who knows what could be out there?
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to OldJake666 For This Useful Post:
August 7th, 2011 #47I went on Freenet once to see what the deepnet was like. It's a WEIRD place. Pornography still makes up 90% of what you see, but there's also stuff like how to guides on tracking and killing your enemies.
Sketchbook came soon: http://www.conceptart.org/forums/sho...d.php?t=226335
Diarum's tutorials: TONS OF TUTOIRALS
August 7th, 2011 #48WTF like Dexter wannabes?
August 7th, 2011 #49Something like that. That stuff is kind of freaky, but thanks to the 1st amendment it's entirely legal to print. You just have to find somebody willing to print it, and NOBODY wants to touch it. I think you can get books about how to kill people and stuff on used paperback when some stupid publishing company decided to run it just for kicks. Naw, it was all the child porn and stuff like that that freaked me out too much to keep exploring.
Sketchbook came soon: http://www.conceptart.org/forums/sho...d.php?t=226335
Diarum's tutorials: TONS OF TUTOIRALS
August 8th, 2011 #50Registered User- Join Date
- Dec 2008
- Posts
- 222
- Thanks
- 89
- Thanked 76 Times in 76 Posts
- Follows
- 0
- Following
- 0
Random thought:
I spend way too much time playing League of Legends. I dunno how to stop >.> Sometimes it's not even that fun, but I keep playing anyways. I only play with my friends and that may be why I keep going back to it.... I've uninstalled it but I'm sure when I wake up tomorrow I'm going to reinstall it... shit is depressing... and it's definitely hurting my art cuz there are days when I don't draw but instead play League of Legends. Shake my head... time management is difficult for me >.>
My sketchbook
KitFox ->
metalhead3 -> http://www.conceptart.org/forums/sho...d.php?t=222988
Trailblazer -> http://www.conceptart.org/forums/sho...d.php?t=179035
August 11th, 2011 #51Does anyone know about Macs and can help me? https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3256456
August 11th, 2011 #52I'm tired of White people being obsessed with straightening my hair. I don't tell them to curl theirs. Leave my hair alone.
August 11th, 2011 #53That's what bums me out about deepweb. There's a lot more freedom but very few people compared to amount who wade in the kiddy pool. Plus most of it is used for illegal stuff. I wish more people put an effort into using deepweb so it would become faster and a bit cleaner.
"Astronomy offers an aesthetic indulgence not duplicated in any other field. This is not an academic or hypothetical attraction and should require no apologies, for the beauty to be found in the skies has been universally appreciated for unrecorded centuries."
August 11th, 2011 #54-My work can be found at my local directory thread.
August 11th, 2011 #55*** Sketchbook * Landscapes * Portfolio * Store***
"There are two kinds of students: the self-taught and the hopeless."
- Dr. Piotr Rudnicki
August 11th, 2011 #56I don't know as much about Macs as I ought to, but since the issue seems to be that the problem drives are formatted as NTFS, I'd try running/emulating Windows on the Mac and see if I could access them that way. If you don't usually do that, though, I'm not sure it's worth buying the software and setting it up.
I might also try reformatting the drives to a format MacOS can deal with. This will toast all the data on those drives, though, so back it up first.
Or I'd reinstall Snow Leopard and wait for the patch.
Someone with a little more Mac knowledge might have some other things to try.
*** Sketchbook * Landscapes * Portfolio * Store***
"There are two kinds of students: the self-taught and the hopeless."
- Dr. Piotr Rudnicki
August 11th, 2011 #57I don't get why people think it's ok to ruin someone else's property, just because said property happens to be action figures.
August 11th, 2011 #58I fixed this. The solution is here: https://discussions.apple.com/thread...rt=15&tstart=0
1. Uninstall every NTFS Driver (Paragon, Tuxera, NTFS-3G etc.)
2. Restart computer
3. Delete /System/Library/filesystems/ufsd.fs (backup just to be safe)
4. Install any NTFS Driver, I used Paragon NTFS for Mac 9.01
5. Restart and enjoy!!!
The Following User Says Thank You to OldJake666 For This Useful Post:
August 11th, 2011 #59
August 13th, 2011 #60well shit i thought about writing about homemade liquor but then I remembered
the night i slept downstairs at one of my friend's house. I was suppose to sleep upstairs but his older brother was sleeping there.
I went downstairs and prepared the sofa to sleep on it, and after awhile of trying to sleep, i started to get sleepier.
I felt cold pulses of air poking me, not in large bursts, but small ones like footsteps of air
traveling on me.
I felt one in a veeeerryyyy awkward area...my arsehole....yep thats right
small pulses of cold air poking me down there.
I dont want to fucking think why!!!
next thing i know, i felt my right leg moving to the sides on its own...as if this 'entity'
wanted to....ummm @_@ spread my legs....
FIRST THING I AM A MAN!! NOT A FEMALE!! WHAT THE HELL IS THIS 'thing' poking me in the arse and spreading my legs!!
The hell like i stayed around longer to find out!! i left and went up stairs and slept with
my friend. He came in the room like wtf where i come from!!
anyway, i aint gonna have a story like, to my girl (when i have one) or my friends
asking soo how was your first time?!?!
Last edited by SalOnimaruRem; August 13th, 2011 at 02:31 AM.
Obey the principle without being bound by it. LEARN, MASTER AND ACHIEVE!!!~ Bruce Lee
When one has no form, one can be all forms; when one has no style, he can fit in with any style.~ Bruce Lee


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Scrabble word: CAPABLER
In which Scrabble dictionary does CAPABLER exist?
Definitions of CAPABLER in dictionaries:
- adj - (usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability
- adj - possibly accepting or permitting
- adj - (followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for
- adj - having the requisite qualities for
- adj - have the skills and qualifications to do things well
- adv - having ability [adj -BLER, -BLEST] : CAPABLY
There are 8 letters in CAPABLER: A A B C E L P R
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to CAPABLER
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word CAPABLER plus a wildcard: CAPABLER?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word CAPABLER
8 letter words
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
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Images for CAPABLER
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Five years ago, we launched the very first class that would become 30×500. For the last 3 three years, Alex and I have played the role of heartless gatekeepers: Wanna take 30×500? Great, you have to apply. Not a designer, or a developer? Sorry, friend, but we can't accept your application at this time. We… Read more »
Posts Categorized: Infoproducts
Infoproduct Show & Tell recording and links
Our Infoproduct Show & Tell was awesome! Turnout was fabulous: 112 people showed up to listen to me & Kelly hold a conversation on a wiiiiide range of infoproduct-related topics. Click here to view the recording (a live, online Flash playback of our chat). Sorry, it's not 100% complete — I forgot to hit record… Read more »


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A metabolic approach to the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 12579 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Thirty-five patients with occlusive disease of the arteries underwent metabolic studies. The arteriovenous differences of lactate, glucose and oxygen varied with the severity of the ischemic process, as assessed clinically. Lactate release and glucose extraction were significantly different from control values of patients with rest pain or with ischemic gangrene, while values in patients with claudication were comparable with those in the control group. Percutaneous muscle surface pH measurements, which reflect lactate release, decreased directly with diminished perfusion. Metabolic assessment of arterial occlusive disease may prove to be a useful clinical approach. |
T F O'Donnel; G H Clowes; N L Browse; N T Ryan; G L Blackburn |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
Title: Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics Volume: 144 ISSN: 0039-6087 ISO Abbreviation: Surg Gynecol Obstet Publication Date: 1977 Jan |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 1977-02-26 Completed Date: 1977-02-26 Revised Date: 2009-11-11 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 0101370 Medline TA: Surg Gynecol Obstet Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 51-7 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Aged Arterial Occlusive Diseases / metabolism* Female Gangrene / metabolism Glucose / metabolism Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ischemia / metabolism Lactates / metabolism Leg / blood supply* Male Middle Aged Muscles / metabolism* Oxygen Consumption |
Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Lactates; 50-99-7/Glucose |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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