text:
Liberhan Commission
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The Liberhan Commission (Liberhan Ayodhya Commission of Inquiry) was a long-running inquiry commissioned by the Government of India to investigate the destruction of the disputed structure Babri Masjid in Ayodhya in 1992. Led by retired High Court Judge M. S. Liberhan, it was formed on 16 December 1992 by an order of the Indian Home Union Ministry after the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya on 6 December and the subsequent riots there. The Commission was originally mandated to submit its report within three months. Extensions were given 48 times, and after a delay of 17 years, the one-man commission submitted the report to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 30 June 2009.[1] In November 2009, a day after a newspaper published the allegedly leaked contents of the report, the report was tabled in Parliament by the Home Minister P. Chidambaram.
The Babri Masjid (Mosque of Babur) was a mosque in Ayodhya on Ramkot Hill. It was destroyed in 1992 when a political rally developed into a riot involving 150,000 people,[2] despite a commitment to the Indian Supreme Court by the rally organisers that the mosque would not be harmed.[3][4] More than 2000 people were killed in ensuing riots in many major Indian cities including Mumbai, and Delhi.[5]
The mosque was constructed in 1527 by order of Babur, the first Mughal emperor of India.[6][7] Before the 1940s, the mosque was called Masjid-i Janmasthan ("mosque of the birthplace").[8] Babur's commander-in-chief, Mir Baqi, allegedly destroyed an existing temple at the site which commemorated the birthplace of Rama, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and ruler of Ayodhya. The Babri Mosque was one of the largest mosques in Uttar Pradesh, a state in India with some 31 million Muslims.[9] Although there were several older mosques in the city of Ayodhya, an area with a substantial Muslim population, including the Hazrat Bal Mosque constructed by the Shariqi kings, the Babri Mosque became the largest, because of the importance of the disputed site. The political, historical and socio-religious debate over the history and location of the Babri Mosque and whether a previous temple was demolished or modified to create it, is known as the Ayodhya Debate.
Terms and reference of the commission[edit]
To make an inquiry with respect to the following matters:
- The sequence of events leading to, and all the facts and circumstances relating to, the occurrences in the Ram Janma Bhoomi-Babri Masjid complex at Ayodhya on 6 December 1992 involving the destruction of the Ram Janma Bhoomi-Babri Masjid structure;
- The role played by the Chief Minister, Members of the Council of Ministers, officials of the Government of Uttar Pradesh and by the individuals, concerned organisations and agencies in, or in connection with, the destruction of the Ram Janma Bhoomi-Babri Masjid structure;
- The deficiencies in security measures and other arrangements as prescribed or operated in practice by Government of Uttar Pradesh which might have contributed to the events that took place in the Ram Janma Bhoomi-Babri Masjid complex, Ayodhya town and Faizabad on 6 December 1992;
- The sequence of events leading to, and all the facts and circumstances relating to, the assault on media persons at Ayodhya on 6 December 1992; and
- Any other matters related to the subject of Inquiry.
Duration and expenses[edit]
The one-man panel, one of the country's longest running inquiry commissions, cost the government 80 million (US$1.3 million), and wrote the report on the sequence of events leading to the destruction of the Babri mosque by Hindu mobs on 6 December 1992 and the other issues mentioned in the terms of reference.
Appointed by former prime minister P.V. Narasimha Rao two weeks after the demolition on 6 December 1992, to ward off criticism against his government for having failed to protect the mosque, the commission in August 2005 finished hearing its last witness Kalyan Singh – who was Uttar Pradesh chief minister at the time of the demolition and was dismissed soon after.
In 16 years of its proceedings, the commission recorded statements of several politicians, bureaucrats and police officials including Kalyan Singh, late Narasimha Rao, former deputy prime minister L.K. Advani and his colleagues Murli Manohar Joshi and Uma Bharati as well as Mulayam Singh Yadav.
Top bureaucrats and police officials of Uttar Pradesh, the then district magistrate R.N. Srivastava and Senior Superintendent of Police D.B. Roy of Ayodhya also recorded their statements on the demolition. In all, the Commission examined one hundred witnesses including
- Mark Tully, BBC Journalist
- PR Kumaramangalam, Union Minister
- SB Chavan, Union Home Minister
- Uma Bharti, BJP leader
- KS Sudarshan, RSS leader
- Jyoti Basu, CPI(M) leader, member of the National Integration Council
- Murli Manohar Joshi, President, Bharatiya Janta Party, member of the Rajya Sabha
- LK Advani, Leader, Bharatiya Janta Party
- Vinay Katyar, Member of Parliament, Bharatiya Janta Party
- Vishnu Hari Dalmia, President, Vishwa Hindu Parishad
- VP Singh, Former Prime Minister, leader of Janta Dal
- Kalyan Singh, the then Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh
- PV Narasimha Rao, Prime Minister of India
- Tej Shankar, Supreme Court's observer in Ayodhya
- Arjun Singh, Union Cabinet Minister, Union Human Resource and Development
- Swami Sachidanand Sakshi, alias Sakshiji Maharaj, BJP Member of Parliament, Acharya of the Nirmal Panchayati Akhara, Haridwar
- Ashok Singhal, Leader, Vishwa Hindu Parishad
- Kalraj Mishra, President, Uttar Pradesh unit of Bharatiya Janta Party
- Mahant Paramhans Ramchander Das, President, Ram Janambhoomi Nyas
- Mulayam Singh Yadav, Former Chief Minister, Uttar Pradesh
- Madhav Godbole, Union Home Secretary
Four years ago, the hearings of the Commission concluded but not before a controversy broke out with the sole Commission's Counsel Anupam Gupta dissociating himself from it owing to personal differences with Justice Liberhan. Advani, Joshi, Bharti and Kalyan Singh, who was the BJP Chief Minister at the time of demolition, appeared before the Commission as witnesses. Kalyan Singh appeared only after the Delhi High Court lifted a stay order on his deposition.
Others against whom criminal cases are pending in the demolition of the disputed structure in Ayodhya included VHP leader Ashok Singhal and Bajrang Dal's Vinay Katiyar.
Even before the findings of the Commission were out, Congress and BJP leaders clashed over the issue.
The contents of the report[edit]
On 23 November 2009, the media began reporting on the contents of the report, which had been leaked before being made available to the legislature. It indicted top Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders as being actively involved in the meticulous planning of the demolition of the mosque. It was a day of angry exchanges in parliament, and cries of "Shame, shame!" in the Lok Sabha as the opposition accused the Home Ministry of deliberately leaking the report.[10] The Parliament session had to be adjourned for the day. Parliament delayed discussion of the report and the accompanying Action Taken Report (ATR), which contained mostly recommendations, until 22 December 2009.[11]
The report was finally discussed and debated in the Parliament after a delay caused by demands from some members of the Parliament for the Hindi translated version of the report. The Lok Sabha debated the report on 8 November 2009 and the Rajya Sabha followed on 10 and 11 November.[12][13][14]
The report holds 68 people culpable, including L K Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and more critically, Kalyan Singh, the then-Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[15][16] The report accused the RSS of being the chief architect of the demolition and names it as the core of the Sangh Parivar.
The Commission has identified the Kalyan Singh-led BJP government in Uttar Pradesh as the key to the execution of the conspiracy to demolish Babri Masjid.[17] Justice M S Liberhan termed Atal Bihari Vajpayee, L K Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi as pseudo-moderates, pretending to keep a distance from the Ram Janmabhoomi campaign when they were actually aware of the whole conspiracy.[18][19] The report said, "They have violated the trust of the people.... There can be no greater betrayal or crime in a democracy and this Commission has no hesitation in condemning these pseudo-moderates for their sins of omission".[20][21][22]
Kalyan Singh, who was the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh during the mosque's demolition, has come in for harsh criticism in the report. He is accused of posting bureaucrats and police officers who would stay silent during the mosque's demolition in Ayodhya. Indicting the BJP government in Uttar Pradesh, the one-man commission said in its report: "Kalyan Singh's government was the essential component needed by the Sangh Parivar for its purposes. Kalyan Singh lived up to the expectations of the Parivar".[23]
The commission's report in effect says Singh and his Cabinet allowed the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) to directly run his government. It states that the government had "systematically and in a pre-planned manner removed inconvenient bureaucrats from positions of power, dismantled and diluted the security apparatus and infrastructure, lied consistently to the high court and the Supreme Court of India and to the people of India to evade constitutional governance and thus betrayed the confidence of the electorate".
The Liberhan Commission satated about the demolition:
- "The preparation was accomplished with phenomenal secrecy, was technically flawless with consistency and assured results.... The theme was power. It attracted clusters of young men to support the hidden agenda. Leaders know how passions are aroused and how to prevent the same; they however always see what would be beneficial to them rather than what would be good for the nation. This is what happened in Ayodhya."[24]
To the commission's observation that the demolition was pre-planned, Chapter 1: page no 15, para 7.4 of the report wherein it admits: "No evidence, lead or information was provided to the commission with respect to the conspiracy or pre-planning or the joint common enterprise by any of these counsels... (of the Muslim organisations)".
Moreover, the commission noted (at page 782, para 130.24) that, "...Home Secretary Godbole stated that there was no information of planning and as such it could not be inferred that there was a conspiracy of the Congress and BJP for demolition."[25]
"The chief minister and his cabinet were the proverbial insiders who caused the collapse of the entire system."
Singh allegedly maintained a "studied silence" even at the height of the crisis in December 1992 and "refused to allow even a single measure which might impede the Ayodhya campaign or prevent the assault on the disputed structures, the journalists or the innocent people." He allegedly did not direct the police "to use force or resort to firing to chase away the miscreants or to save the lives of those wretched innocents..." even though he was alerted that the mosque had been demolished and rioters were attacking Muslims in Ayodhya.
"The wanton violence against human life and property continued unabated and even at that late stage, the chief minister did not use the central forces which could have been swiftly deployed", the report further states.
Uma Bharti, Govindacharya, Kalyan Singh and Shanker Singh Vaghela, all of whom were members of the BJP then, are held primarily responsible for the destruction of the mosque and the report says that they could have prevented the assault.Senior BJP leaders Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Lal Krishna Advani and Murli Manohar Joshi are called "pseudo-moderates". The report holds them intellectually and ideologically responsible for the mosque's destruction. The report says that they gave false assurances to court, people and the nation.Vajpayee, Prime Minister in the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance, was not present on 6 December 1992 when the mosque was brought down, but the report says it cannot be assumed that Vajpayee, Advani and others did not know of the designs of the Sangh Parivar.
The Report, headed by Justice Liberhan, contained no criticism of the 1992 Indian government and then Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao.[26] and supports Rao's stand that legally and constitutionally, the central government could not impose President's Rule in the state of Uttar Pradesh in December 1992.
The report submitted by Justice Liberhan has come under severe criticism for being biased and rhetorical in nature. It has been pointed out that, The report also noted (in para 18.3 on page 63) that "although, there was no order restraining the Muslims from going to the disputed structure or from offering namaz therein either by the judiciary or from the administration, yet namaz was not offered at the disputed structure since 1934. No processions were taken out inside the disputed structure nor any grave dug there about."
Justice Liberhan has agreed that "Ayodhya is accepted in popular Hindu tradition as the birth place of Lord Rama and is therefore regarded as a holy and historical city" and "ancient Ayodhya was traditionally the epitome of Hindu life, culture and a paradigm of coexistence of a multi-religious society. It was a peaceful place with a regular influx of visitors, pilgrims, sadhus and sants, monks, travellers, tourists."
BJP president Rajnath Singh will open the debate on the Liberhan Commission report in the Lok Sabha while Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha Arun Jaitley is expected to lead the party charge in the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha debated the report on 1 December 2009 and the Rajya Sabha on 7 December 2009. The BJP had initially decided to field Sushma Swaraj as the lead speaker in the Lower House, but she will now be the second speaker on the issue. The performance of its star speakers in both Houses will be keenly watched by the RSS, say party sources.While the initial plan would have seen the quartet of Delhi BJP leaders — Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj, in addition to Venkaiah Naidu, and Ananth Kumar — holding forth on the Ayodhya debate, sources say that Rajnath, whose term as party president technically ends on 26 November 2009,[27] "didn't want to be left out of the debate".[28]
Speaking in the Parliament, Jaitley led the charge against the report and against Justice Liberhan personally. Jaitley suggested that Justice Liberhan may not have actually authored the report and reiterating what Sushma Swaraj had read out in the Lok Sabha, citing from page 999 of the report, commented that Justice Liberhan had credited Commission's Counsel Harpreet Singh Giani with helping with the analysis, conclusions, editing and language and therefore called it the "Liberhan-Giani" report. He charged the report with "factual hallucinations". He cited the incorrect date of Mahatma Gandhi's assassination as well as the inclusion of the names of some historians in the report as evidence. RSS.[29]
BJP opinion[edit]
BJP claimed "selective leaks" of the Liberhan Commission report to the media were planned and motivated, saying they had come at a time when the whole opposition was united against the government.
Claiming that the UPA government did not intend to table the full report as it indicts the then Congress government of P V Narasimha Rao, Deputy Leader of BJP in Lok Sabha Sushma Swaraj said the Home Ministry leaked the report to divert attention from the issues being raised by a united opposition.Recently the BJP has been raising the issue of rising prices of essential commodities.[30]
"This is a planned leak. It is a motivated leak. The first motivation for leaking the report is the unity in opposition on the sugarcane price issue which the government wanted to break. This unity would have continued on price rise and other issues," Swaraj said.
The senior BJP leader further alleged that the government wanted to divert attention from the opposition its plan of raising Madhu Koda and 2G Spectrum allocation scams in Parliament.
BJP President Rajnath Singh accused the government of "selectively leaking" the Liberhan Commission report on Babri Masjid demolition to the media with the aim of "polarising" voters ahead of the assembly elections in Jharkhand.[31]
"The selective leakage was intentional. A report of any commission is traditionally placed on the first day of the Parliament session. The government could have placed it in the House in July as the Liberhan Commission report was given to the government on 30 June," he told reporters.
The "other" opinion[edit]
The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) also stated that millions of Hindus in the country want Ram temple.
Addressing mediapersons at the party headquarter in New Delhi, BJP spokesperson Ravishankar Prasad said, "We want a Ram temple. There should be a constructive solution." Prasad also claimed that BJP leaders had tried to save the structure and that the party has evidence of that.
Earlier, reacting to the report, former BJP leader Uma Bharti, who was in Ayodhya on the day of the demolition, said that the party should come clean over the issue. "Babri report should be published and BJP should come clean over it. "I am not apologetic at all, I am willing to be hanged for my role. I want Ram Temple, but I didn't want the mosque to be destroyed that way". She also said that it was difficult to pinpoint people responsible for mosque demolition.
The BJP termed the Justice M S Liberhan Commission as politically motivated and charged the Congress with providing the "cushion" for demolition of the controversial structure at Ayodhya.
Continuing the tirade against Justice Liberhan Commission and the ATR tabled in Parliament recently, state BJP President and a member of parliament Radha Mohan Singh alleged that the findings of the Commission were "perverse and ill-founded".[31]
In fact, the Congress should be blamed for the demolition as the Congress-led government had opened the locks of the Ram Mandir, organised the shilanayas of the temple at the controversial site thereby providing a "cushion to Ram sevaks" to demolish the controversial structure, Singh claimed.
RSS, VHP factor[edit]
The Liberhan report has been very critical of mass Hindu organizations,especially the RSS. It says that demolition of Babri in Ayodhya has been a longtime objective of the RSS. It accuses RSS of utilizing its large volunteer base to accomplish this task.The RSS has always maintained that the demolition was spontaneous. The report suggests otherwise.
The Sangh Parivar is a "highly successful and corporatised model of a political party" and as the Ayodhya campaign demonstrated, has developed a highly efficient organisational structure, the Liberhan Commission said in its report.
It said the BJP "was and remains an appendage of the RSS, which had the purpose only of providing an acceptable veneer to the less popular decisions and a facade for the brash members of the Sangh Parivar".
The Commission,observed, "The blame or the credit for the entire temple construction movement at Ayodhya must necessarily be attributed to the Sangh Parivar".
It noted that the Sangh Parivar is an "extensive and widespread organic body", which encompasses organisations, which address and assimilate just about every type of social, professional and other demographic grouping of individuals.
"Each time, a new demographic group has emerged, the Sangh Parivar has hived off some of its RSS inner-core leadership to harness that group and bring it within the fold, enhancing the voter base of the Parivar."
Open secrets[edit]
A book authored by a former senior Indian intelligence officer revealed that demolition of the historic Babri Mosque at Ayodhya was planned 10 months in advance by Hindu extremist leaders of Rashtriya Sevak Sang (RSS), Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) and Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP). The author, a former Intelligence Bureau Joint Director, Maloy Krishna Dhar in his book "Open Secrets-India's intelligence unveiled" pointed out that the blue print for demolition of the mosque was drawn in a meeting held in February 1992 attended by leaders of the extremist Hindu groups.
The leaders agreed to work together.They always maintained that demolition was unprecedented and top leaders had tried to hold back the Karsevaks. He goes on to say that in a meeting on the previous day,the RSS, VHP, BJP and Shiv Sena leaders there was "silent resoluteness and agreement that Ayodhya offered a unique opportunity to take the Hindutva wave to the peak for deriving political benefit. The iron was hot and this was the time to hit."
Dhar merged with the huge crowd as a journalist and found Shiv Sena activists engaged in vandalism and RSS members inflaming everyone." L.K. Advani had spat fire from the pulpit but he failed to control the flames. Taped videos substantiated that he was progenitor of the tsunami effect that he failed to control at the vital moment of destiny," says Dhar claiming to have made a videotape and 70 still photos.[32]
RSS defence[edit]
Seeking to distance Hindu organisations from the Babri Mosque demolition, RSS chief K C Sudershan said that the Babri Mosque was demolished by government men and not by the Karsevaks. "The mosque was demolished by the government men and not by the Karsevaks," he said while addressing a gathering of RSS cadre and public at a meeting. Without mentioning whether he was referring to the Kalyan Singh-led-BJP government in power in Uttar Pradesh or the Congress regime at Centre then, he said he was present at Ayodhya and wanted to construct the Ram Temple at an undisputed place but they could not do so as the government men demolished Babri Mosque on 6 December 1992. Sudershan, who spoke in a three-day function of RSS Madhya Bharat Pranth, said that under a conspiracy, the names of the Hindu Organisations like Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) and Bajrang Dal (BD) were dragged in bringing down the structure.
He contested Liberhan Commission's claim that demolition of the Babri Mosque was planned and charged "dilly-dally" by the then government of Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao was responsible for the incident.
"It was not a planned incident. Because of the dilly-dallying attitude by the then Prime Minister and delay in court judgements, things went out of control as lakhs of people gathered at Ayodhya for kar seva," Sudarshan told a press conference.
He claimed when the people, who had climbed the canopy of the disputed structure, were unable to break it with heavy hammers and 'saabal' (long iron rod), the armed forces personnel present there caused the damage to its walls by triggering an explosive.Once the walls collapsed, the entire canopy of the Babri mosque caved in, he said. He claimed a powerful Congress leader of Maharashtra, whose name he did not disclose, had told him at senior BJP leader late K R Malkani's house in Delhi that the party had a plan to dislodge the government headed by Narasimha Rao "in the name of temple movement so that he could replace him"
While K C Sudarshan said this, again after two days, RSS, the mother organization of Bharatiya Janata Party, on Tuesday owned the Ayodhya movement but refused to apologise about what happened in Ayodhya in 1992 which led to demolition of the Babri mosque. Ram Madhav,a RSS leader and former spokesperson of the Sangh said on a private channel,"We fully own up the movement. We mobilized people. People should respect the sentiment of crores of people.We are not going to apologise. Our agitation echoed the sentiment of the people at the time. It was a spontaneous act of anger by people," Madhav added.
The VHP said the demolition of Babri mosque was the proudest moment for Hindus and asserted it was committed to building a Ram temple at the disputed site in Ayodhya.
"Reports like that of the Liberhan Commission come and go. But, the Hindu culture, which takes pride in its heritage and protects its places of worship, has been in place for ages and will remain so for ever," VHP leader Praveen Togadia said."Any symbolic structure left by an invader in Akhand Bharat is a national shame. And the demolition of Babri mosque was the proudest moment for Hindus," he said in a statement.Togadia asserted the VHP was committed to building a great Ram temple at the disputed site in Ayodhya and was ready to make any sacrifice for achieving this. "A magnificent temple will be built at the site. It is a socio-religious, cultural and legal right of the Hindus," the VHP secretary general said.[33]
The VHP pointed out that in para 158.3, the commission says it(Ayodhya debate) "...never became a movement..." whereas in para 158.9 & 159.10, it contradicted itself with the contention as to "entire process of the movement" and "...leaders of the movement".
The VHP says the commission failed to make any adverse comment on certain individuals despite observing in para 26.2 on page 88 that "...It is noteworthy that no member of the Muslim community from Ayodhya was a member of the Babri Masjid Action Committee or other committee protesting the opening of locks at the disputed structure. Sultan Shahabuddin Owaisi, a Member of Parliament from Hyderabad, challenged the opening of locks along with some others became a forerunner for taking on the Hindu organisation"
The VHP said that after more than 40 extensions "during seventeen long years and wasting taxpayers' money the commission had prepared a useless report." The commission declared many prominent personalities as culpable without giving them a chance of hearing."It is shameful that in its long list of culprits one had already been died before the date of incident and seventeen thereafter before the submission of its report. The adverse comments made towards the apex court of the country, media, head of the State (Governor) and other respectable segments of the society are highly unacceptable," it said.[25]
- ^ "Ayodhya attack report submitted". BBC News. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
- ^ Babri mosque demolition case hearing today. Yahoo News – 18 September 2007
- ^ Tearing down the Babri Masjid, Eye Witness BBC's Mark Tully BBC, 5 December 2002, 19:05 GMT
- ^ Babri Masjid demolition was planned 10 months in advance – PTI
- ^ The Ayodhya dispute. BBC News. 15 November 2004.
- ^ Flint, Colin (2005). The geography of war and peace. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516208-0.
- ^ Vitelli, Karen (2006). Archaeological ethics (2 ed.). Rowman Altamira. ISBN 978-0-7591-0963-6.
- ^ Sayyid Shahabuddin Abdur Rahman, Babri Masjid, 3rd print, Azamgarh: Darul Musannifin Shibli Academy, 1987, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Indian Census
- ^ "India parliament uproar over Ayodhya mosque report". BBC News. 23 November 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
- ^ "Babri demolition report tabled in Parliament". The Indian Express Group. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- ^ "Rajya Sabha – Synopsis of Debate" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ "Rajya Sabha – Supplement To Synopsis of Debate" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ "Rajya Sabha – Synopsis of Debate" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ Agarwal, Vibhuti (24 November 2009). "Indian Parliament in Uproar Over Babri Masjid Report". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 November 2009.
- ^ "17 years on, Commission says Babri demolition was planned". The Economic Times. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Kalyan govt executed demolition plan: Liberhan Commission". The Times of India. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ "Liberhan demolishes Parivar, calls Atal 'pseudo-moderate'". Times of India. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ "Vajpayee, Advani pseudo-moderates: Babri report". The Indian Express. Expressbuzz. 24 Nov 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Liberhan refuses benefit of doubt, calls Vajpayee 'pseudo-moderate'". MSN News India. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ "Vajpayee, Advani severely indicted by Liberhan Commission". DNA. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ Subrahmaniam, Vidya (24 November 2009). "Babri Masjid demolition was planned: Liberhan". The Hindu (Chennai, India). Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ Ians. "IANS, "Yes, Mr Liberhan", ''Bangalore Mirror (November 24, 2009)". Bangaloremirror.com. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ "How the BJP, RSS mobilised kar sevaks". Indian Express. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ a b "The Pioneer :: Home : >> Liberhan report put to ridicule". DailyPioneer.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ "'Liberhan report is like a thesis against BJP, RSS'". Indian Express. 25 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "No next term for me, says BJP chief Rajnath Singh". Indian Express. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "Liberhan debate: Rajnath, Jaitley to lead BJP charge". Indian Express. 27 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "Babri demolition a terrorist act but guilty unlikely to be punished: Ayodhya saint". TwoCircles.net. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "Violent protests over price rise in Kolkata". Blog.taragana.com. 30 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ a b "Govt planned 'selective leaks' of Liberhan report: BJP". Indian Express. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "Pakistan Times | Kashmir: 'Babri mosque demolition in India was pre-planned'". PakistanTimes.net. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-18.
- ^ "Mosque demolition proudest moment for Hindus: Togadia : India News – India Today". Indiatoday.intoday.in. 24 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
External links[edit]
- Report Of The Liberhan Ayodhya Commission of Inquiry – Full Text in PDF format (126 MB)
- Report of the Liberhan Ayodhya Commission of Inquiry – Full Text in PDF format (Can be downloaded as a single 80MB file or as 5 smaller files), The Hindu (November 24 2009)
- Complete report – TCN News
- The report can be downloaded from here and the ATR from here
- Report in parts from the Ministry of Home Affairs (India) Website


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Franklin, Ben: Autobiography. 20 Dec 07
While most school children and older in the USA know who he is, some of the MobileRead readers may not. He was one of out founding Fathers and a champion for freedom of the press. As a scientist he confirmed that lightening is electricity, developed the Franklin stove (very energy saving for the day), and was the first to create bifocals (glasses that can correct distance and near vision problems at the same time.) As a business man he ran a successful newspaper in Philadelphia and published Poor Richard's Almanac. As a diplomat he helped secure the French support for our war of independence from the British. As a patriot he helped guide Thomas Jefferson in the Writing of the Declaration of Independence.
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The process of buying a new Ram car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Ram car dealerships in and around Yarnell, Arizona. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Ram car dealers in Yarnell, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
"I just had the best car buying experience of my life. I went in knowing what I wanted (2013 Challenger R/T). Brad E showed me all the vehicles, got me"... Read more Review by: DrePen


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Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
Scientific Name: | Dinarolacerta mosorensis | |||
Species Authority: | (Kolombatović, 1886) | |||
Common Name(s):
Synonym(s): |
Lacerta mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886
Taxonomic Notes: | The isolated eastern subpopulation in Montenegro has been proposed as a separate species (Ljubisavljevic et al. 2007). |
Red List Category & Criteria: | Vulnerable B2ab(iii) ver 3.1 | ||||||
Year Published: | 2009 | ||||||
Date Assessed: | 2008-12-14 | ||||||
Assessor(s): | Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Milan Vogrin | ||||||
Reviewer(s): | Cox, N. & Temple, H.J. (Global Reptile Assessment) | ||||||
Justification: Listed as Vulnerable because its area of occupancy is less than 2,000 km², its distribution is severely fragmented, and the extent and quality of its habitat are declining. |
History: |
Range Description: | This species is found in the southwestern Dinaric mountain range of southern coastal Croatia, southern Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro. It may be present in northern Albania but further surveys are needed to confirm this. It occurs from 450 to 1,900 m asl. |
Countries: | Native: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro |
Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
Population: | It is not a common species and has a patchy distribution. |
Population Trend: | Decreasing |
Habitat and Ecology: | It is largely found in humid, rocky, montane areas of exposed karst. The species inhabits open woodland and sites with a rich vegetation cover. The females lay a single clutch of four to eight eggs. |
Systems: | Terrestrial |
Major Threat(s): | It is threatened by the loss of suitable habitat due to logging, including within protected areas. Collection of animals for the pet-trade was a threat in the past. It is likely that some small-scale illegal trade continues. |
Conservation Actions: | It is listed on Annex III of the Bern Convention and is protected by national legislation in some range countries. It is present in a number of protected areas. |
Citation: | Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Milan Vogrin 2009. Dinarolacerta mosorensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 28 April 2015. |
Disclaimer: | To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>. |
Feedback: | If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided |


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Other projects made by TTB:
See All Projects by TTB »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Knitting |
Type | Accessory |
Sizing | Unisex |
Style | Retro / Vintage, Traditional, Classic, Casual, Romantic |
What was your source for this knitting project?
Online Photo or Website
Name of website or photo
Knitting Pattern Braid Cable Band Beret
What materials did you use? Yarn used on the model is: one 5 oz skein of Lion Brand Wool-Ease Chunky Color is Moss. Size 10 (6.5mm) circular needles or size to obtain gauge 1 set (4 or 5) of double pointed needles size 10 (6.5mm) or size to obtain gauge large eyed blunt needle 8 stitch markers


text: Jack Lawrence McEachern was born at 8:14 p.m. on May 13, 2012, at South Peninsula Hospital to Bob and Stephanie McEachern of Homer. He weighed 7 pounds, 0.6 ounces. His grandparents are Bob and Gay Mergenthaler of Helena, Mont., John McEachern of Helena, Mont., and Larry and Loie Concannon of Roseburg, Ore.


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1. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
coinopbear Jun 16, 2012 12:04 PM (in response to zarrdave)You're honestly not missing much. Adobe Ideas for Android lacks a lot of the features that could make it a decent design app comporable to the iPad version. Between here and Facebook, I've been asking them for months about feature updates and I (and everyone else who's asked about them) get ignored entirely.
2. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
Takashi Morifusa Jun 18, 2012 9:23 PM (in response to zarrdave)Hi zarrdave,
There is not only usability issue for smaller screen size, but also technical limitation for Android platform.
In order to support 5" device, we have to choose "large" screen layout. That's support from 4" upto 7". Adobe Ideas needs to be changed to fit screen DPI. Currently, Adobe Ideas for Andorid version is design to use for 10" tablet.
This is the reason Adobe Touch App is not supporting 5" tablet on Android.
3. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
zarrdave Jun 19, 2012 1:29 AM (in response to Takashi Morifusa)Thanks Takashi. With the skills at Adobe I'd have expected a challenge like that to be childs play to fix though. This "problem" doesnt sound like its too difficult to resolve to me. Where theres a will theres a way!
Besides Galaxy Note users will be used to everything being half size - Mobile web browsers shrink everything to tiny size and most apps are tiny too. Not everyone needs 20pt font size and 1cm buttons.
I'm a web and graphic designer myself so appreciate screen size challenges, but this doesnt sound too hard to fix to me. With Millions of Note users, I'm sure it'd be worth pursuing to fix.
4. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
zarrdave Jul 10, 2012 1:06 AM (in response to zarrdave)Hi all,
Just got a response from David__B at Adobe on a different thread regarding Galaxy Note users and Touch apps.
He suggested we add our vote for the idea at http://forums.adobe.com/ideas/1878
I'm also starting votes for all the other Touch apps, especially http://forums.adobe.com/ideas/1873 and will add others.
Seems the developers need some support on this so spread the word and we might just get our wish.
5. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
Himanshu-Saxena Dec 20, 2013 10:24 PM (in response to zarrdave)I own a Galaxy Note 3 and it's really frustrating to not to have adobe(doesn't work properly). Now, when i have read that it's about one year to go for the release date of note 4 I hope adobe will do its best to create compatible software.
Read about Note 4 - http://galaxy4note.com/
6. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
casperrishi Jun 24, 2014 7:05 AM (in response to zarrdave)I have a Note 3 too, it's rooted. I tried each and every but still doesn't help. May be with the new Galaxy Note 4, Adobe will release some kind of software package optimized completely for Note series and other phablets.
Read more about Note 4 here : Samsung Galaxy Note 4 | Meet Next Galaxy -
7. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
casperrishi Jul 25, 2014 12:28 AM (in response to Himanshu-Saxena)I think NOTE 4 will have a compatible software by Adobe
8. Re: Samsung Galaxy Note. Why not compatible?
Adrienne McCue Feb 27, 2015 8:17 PM (in response to zarrdave)This is ridiculous, we PC users, Android users pay the same price for your software, and yet, we can't even get the mobile versions! I mean it's 2015 and nothing. This is just bad business and frankly out-of-date. There are developers who can make this happen, Adobe chooses to not do this. I have Samsung Galaxy 2014, which is large enough and compatible because my Photoshop Touch works on it. Expand your minds, and understand every artist doesn't use macs! I need Illustrator and Indesign, make it happen already!


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Long recovery expected for actor Tracy Morgan
UPDATED 1:00 PM CDT Jun 10, 2014Actor and Comedian tracy Morgan faces a difficult recovery after being injured in an accident over the weekend.
Video TranscriptACTOR TRACY MORGAN FACES A QUOTE "ARDUOUS" RECOVERY AFTER HE WAS INJURED IN AN ACCIDENT THAT KILLED ONE OF HIS FRIENDS. A SPOKESMAN FOR MORGAN SAID HE UNDERWENT SURGERY FOR A BROKEN LEG AND REMAINS IN CRITICAL, BUT STABLE CONDITION. MORGAN'S FIANCEE IS AT HIS SIDE. A WAL-MART TRUCK DRIVER HAS BEEN CHARGED WITH VEHICULAR HOMICIDE AND ASSAULT BY AUTO IN THE WEEKEND CRASH. AUTHORITIES SAY THE TRUCKER HADN'T SLEPT FOR MORE THAN 24 HOURS BEFORE THE CRASH. BESIDES MORGAN, THREE OTHER PEOPLE WERE INJURED AND 62-YEAR-OLD
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Classical incision. This type of incision — also called a high vertical incision — was once used for all C-sections. However, it carries the highest risk of bleeding during labor and of subsequent uterine rupture — 4 percent to 9 percent. It's now used only in emergency situations. VBAC isn't recommended for women who've had a classical uterine incision. |
Wife to J, SAHM to W (03/06) at 32w4d, C (10/08) , and H (02/11)
Just so you know that I didn't pull those numbers out of the air
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vba...9/PAGE=VB00002 |
Wife to J, SAHM to W (03/06) at 32w4d, C (10/08) , and H (02/11)
Thanks for the info, momileigh! I am always interested to read info on VBACing with vertical incisions. I actually have a J-incision so my risk is slightly higher than a classic incision. Also, I've always wondered about VBACing in general after a pre-term c/s. It just seems to me that the risk would be higher anyway, regardless of incision type.
ETA: readytobedone, sorry to hijack your post : |
Homebirth Midwife
After 4 m/c, our is here!
I think it would be nice to have a good long talk with a VBAC supportive doctor about your operative report, and labor history and see whether the scar tissue was perhaps in the way of your daughter arriving and likely to be a concern. Your idea about avoiding more surgery is an excellent one. But if there is (totally hypothetically speaking) only a very small chance of success, then perhaps TOL isn't advisable. |
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text:
Super Meat Boy was just updated on steam! So for all you who had problems give it a shot now!
Shortened from the blog: http://supermeatboy.com/64/Your_Steam_Update/#b
-Fixed Crash on Startup
-Fixed Crashing After Playing 3 Levels
-Added Resolution Modes Workaround
-Added Brownie and Dr Fetus Bosses
-Fixed Menu Crashes
-Added -lowdetail, -mediumdetal, -highdetail commands
For Tomorrow:
-Non-Xbox 360 Gamepad Support
-Fix for Mr.Minecraft crashing the game
-Bug fixes for new chracters
-Fix crash on exit
Edit: Updated lists
Super Meat Boy Steam Update
For those users experiencing the Super Meat Boy mini-dump crash:
After many hours of testing. Following these steps, and your problem should become history.
#1. Update your video card drivers, ATI website, or nVidia website depending on your graphics card type.
#2. Install the Microsoft DirectX Update found here:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?familyid=2DA43D38-DB71-4C1B-BC6A-9B6652CD92A3&displaylang=en .
#3. On some computers there is no sound card installed. This will cause Super Meat Boy to crash, because, despite your sound card drivers installed, Super Meat Boy will not run if you have no sound card. You must install a sound card if you don't have one. In my case, I don't know the sound card on this computer, so I simply installed VIA Audio (Wave) device generic sound card through Device Manager. Even though my PC doesn't play sound, the crashes stopped after the fake sound card was installed.
Try these steps. In most cases your Super Meat Boy will run stable now.
Performance Tip: If you find the game is lagging a bit, especially after playing for a few hours or running programs in the background, simply set the game to run in Window Mode and open your Task Manager. Find the process called SuperMeatBoy.exe and set its priority to 'Above Normal'. This should give your game a good performance boost. Leave the game in Windowed mode.
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Locomotive Light Hostel
Hostel | Baross Ter 2. II.10, Budapest, Hungary 1082
32 out of 34 customers would recommend this property
Recent review (03/01/2015)
"It's well positioned, just in front the train station. The attention was really nice and they tried to help as much as possible at eveyone one may need. The bedroom was good as well."
Read all Locomotive Light Hostel reviewsFacilities
- Self-catering Facilities
- No curfew
- Secure lockers
- Internet / Wi-Fi
- 24 hour reception
- 24 hour hot showers
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Washing machines
- Late check-out
- Laundry service
- Common area / room
- Communal kitchen
- Elevator / lift(s)
- Internet access in public areas
Purchasable Extras
- Airport Pickup USD 21.46
What's Included
- Luggage Room
- Linen
- Towel
Important Information
all fees and taxes are included in the prices, no hidden extras. We don't accept credit cards, you can pay by cash: HUF or EUR are both fine for us.
Cancellation Policy
Customers can cancel their reservation free of charge up to 2 days before arrival (local time). Payments made to HostelBookers are non-refundable.
Check-In/Out Details
Earliest check-in: 11:30
Latest Check-out: 11:00
See other properties in Budapest
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Enter dates to check prices
Shared Rooms |
6 Bed Dorm - Mixed (Private bathroom)Selected drinks included, Self-catering |
Private Rooms |
4 person (Shared bathroom)Selected drinks included, Self-catering |
Double (Shared bathroom)Selected drinks included, Self-catering |
Deluxe Studio (Private bathroom)Self-catering |
About Locomotive Light Hostel
Don't waste your time and energy to carry your heavy luggage across the town!
Within couple of minutes you arrive, get rid of your luggage and the City is yours immediately!
Due to the central location of our Hostel, most of the city's attractions (the historical places, thermal baths, tram and bus stations, markets, the famous and vibrant nightlife of this city, with various pubs, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs and underground places), can be reached within couple of minutes.
Accommodation Information
Surprise yourself and your partner with something really nice and special and enjoy your rest in one of our romantic rooms with an unique four-poster bed!
Imagine, that after a hard day or a hard night, you watch the TV from the comfort of your bed, drink as much coffee, tea or cocoa as you like for free and relax in one of our well-designed rooms!
You can find a wide range of rooms in our Hostel from unique dormitory to intimate double room.
We offer you: single rooms with queen-size beds, intimate double rooms with special design primarily for couples, four bedded pine fragrance room with open terrace, six bedded private ensuit room and a six bedded mixed ensuit dormitory with loft mezzanine. All rooms have a really pleasant atmosphere.
You can cook your meal in our well equipped kitchen, you can use the stove, fridge, freezer, microwave owen, coffee machine, toaster, turmix machine, dishes, plates, etc... !
The breakfast drinks are free, other foods and drinks can be purchased downstairs in the nonstop supermarket.
No bunk beds and no busy bathrooms in our Hostel!
Location Information
Our Hostel is located in the centre of Budapest, close to Keleti Pu. International Trainstation and only few minutes away by an easy walk to Blaha Lujza Ter, Astoria, Vaci utca and Elizabeth Bridge. The Hostel is within walking distance to many attractions, museums and historical places, too.
Nearby the Hostel you find many Pubs, Restaurants, Clubs and Tea Houses.
Within 15 minutes you can reach:
The Danube river
Chain Bridge
Hero's Square
Castle Vajdahunyad
Szechenyi Bath
Museum of Terror
Main Shopping area, Váci Utca
Nagyvasarcsarnok, the vegetable market
Rudas Bath
Gellért Bath
Margaret Island
Other languages
- Deutsch: Locomotive Light Hostel
- Español: Locomotive Light Hostel
- Français: Locomotive Light Hostel
- Italiano: Locomotive Light Hostel
- Português: Locomotive Light Hostel


text:
TB infections falling
The incidence rate for Tuberculosis (TB) is expected to drop significantly this year as the National Tuberculosis Programme has recorded the lowest figures for new cases ever for the first four months of this year.
"If this trend continues we will have an incidence rate of 68 per 100,000 population," said Dr. Jeetendra Mohanlall, Programme Manager for the National Tuberculosis Programme in an interview with the Stabroek News.
Last year, the incidence rate was marked at 78 per 100,000 population. But TB treatment under the Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) Programme has dragged that rate down. The DOTS Programme ensures case detection and treatment under supervision.
"We have never had such a low number in the first four months of a year," Mohanlall said, noting that 152 new cases were recorded during that time.
He said there has been 90% success rate for TB treatment in prisons across the country.
In fact, he said they have recorded zero new cases in prisons for the year thus far. He said prisons are subjected to intensive screening, sometimes even cell by cell, for traces of the bacteria.
New inmates, he said, are screened upon entry to the prisons and a DOTS supervisor …..To continue reading, login or subscribe now.
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Connect with Us
National parks waive fees this weekend
To honor veterans, the National Park Service is offering fee public admission this weekend to all national parks.
Whidbey Islanders may want to journey to Olympic National Park, North Cascades National Park, or Mount Rainier National Park to take advantage of the offer. Or, they may choose to venture even further away.
America's 398 national parks will all offer the public free admission Nov. 10-12 during Veterans Day weekend in honor of those who serve and have served in the U.S. military, according to a National Park Service news release.
"National parks preserve places that commemorate our country's collective heritage — our ideals, our majestic lands, our sacred sites, our patriotic icons — which our military has defended through the years," National Park Service Director Jonathan B. Jarvis said in the release.
"We are grateful for the service and sacrifice of military members, past and present, and honored to tell their story at many of our national parks," Jarvis added.
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Book your room at Coronado Beach Resort
3-star family-friendly condo near Coronado Beach
This family-friendly Coronado condo is located near the beach, within a 15-minute walk of Coronado Museum of History and Art, Coronado Beach, and Spreckels Park. San Diego Convention Center and San Diego Coronado Bridge are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Property Features
This condo features a fitness center, a spa tub, and a rooftop terrace. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Additionally, coffee/tea in the lobby, a business center, and concierge services are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 53 condos boast fireplaces and offer free WiFi and kitchenettes. Sofa beds and sitting areas are standard, as are flat-screen TVs with cable channels. Limited housekeeping is available.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Renovations & Closures
- Exterior
- Spa tub
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Coronado Beach Resort features a spa tub and a fitness center. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This 3-star property offers access to a business center. This family-friendly condo also offers a rooftop terrace, a library, and barbecue grills. Onsite self parking is complimentary. Guests can use the outdoor pool at a partner hotel.
- 24-hour front desk
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Concierge services
- Fitness facilities
- Laundry facilities
- Library
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 53
- Rooftop terrace
- Luggage storage
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Free self parking
- Spa tub
- Supervised childcare/activities
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchenette
- Laundry facilities
- Sofa bed
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Fireplace
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
- Kitchenette
- Ceiling fan
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Separate sitting area
- Sofa bed
- Desk
- Climate control
- Hair dryer
- Limited housekeeping
- Cable TV service
- Iron/ironing board
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cookware, dishware, and utensils
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the condo include a spa tub and a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Surfing/boogie boarding nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Kayaking nearby
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Resort fee: USD 17.00 per accommodation, per night


text:
CANCUN, Mexico -- The Efficient Consumer Response initiative confers upon retailers a special responsibility to differentiate between vendors who are offering ECR-related value-added services and those who are not, according to John A. Haedicke, vice president of activity-based management, Kraft General Foods, Northfield, Ill. And, he said, ECR also sets up a conflict of goals between manufacturers and retailers, but one that may be ameliorated through partnering. Haedicke, who co-chaired ...
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text:
Although Liverpool made no new additions on transfer deadline day Brendan Rodgers believes that he now has the squad capable of reviving Liverpool's fortunes in the Premier League. Despite the news that key midfielder Lucas will be out for up to four months Liverpool (21/20 to win the match) are favourites today to hand Rodgers his first Premier League win of the season.
Liverpool have won just one of the last 10 league meetings between the two sides, although six of those ended in draws. The Reds (4/5 to score first) have won one of their last six league games at Anfield with their only victory coming against Chelsea. If they lose this afternoon it will be their worst start to a league season since the 1962-63 campaign, when they took one point from their first three games.
The Gunners are only the third team to begin a Premier League season with back-to-back goalless draws. The other two sides (Chelsea and Derby) both scored in their third outing, so Arsenal (6/5 to score first) will make Premier League history if they are involved in another stalemate.
Arsene Wenger's side (16/5 to win the match) have drawn five of their last six league games. Arsenal have allowed the opposition just 10 shots at goal so far this season, fewer than any other Premier League side.


text:
bio | website | saveitep.org |
location | Moscow, Russia | |
age | 41 | |
visits | member for | 2 years, 10 months |
seen | Feb 7 '13 at 19:40 | |
stats | profile views | 11 |
Started as A.A. Kirillov's student in rerpresentation theory in Moscow State University. Got PhD in 1999. Worked in ITEP Moscow for 10 years somewhere in between representation theory, integrable systems and algebraic geometry, in particular geometric Lanlgands and its connection to Hitchin-Gaudin integrable systems.
Currently in industry: quantitative finance, previosly in wireless telecommunication doing applied math.: information theory, error-correcting codes, statistical estimation theory, numerical algorithms.
Deeply worried about the ITEP very unfortunate situation: http://saveitep.org
Leading Russian research center is in danger. More than 850 scientists signed letter to president and prime-minister asking for help. Fields medalists M. Atiyah, L. Lafforgue, E. Witten, Nobel Prize winner D. Gross, mathematicians A. Beilinson, I. Cherednik, B. Dubrovin, P. Etingof, B. Feigin, A. Kirillov, I. Krichever, N. Reshetikhin, E. Vinberg, physicists J. Cardy (Oxford), M. Douglas, J. Froehlich, J. Maldacen (IAS), N. Nekrasov(IHES, ITEP), B. de Wit, are among them.
You can join support letter here: https://sites.google.com/site/itep2012/english
Nature, 27.01.2012 , Geoff Brumfiel 'Russian physicists protest government consolidation' http://www.nature.com/news/russian-physicists-protest-government-consolidation-1.9921
Jan 14 |
awarded | Supporter |
Dec 8 |
awarded | Scholar |
Dec 8 |
accepted | Impact of LHC on other science and technologies, in particular on mathematics? |
Dec 7 |
awarded | Student |
Dec 7 |
asked | Impact of LHC on other science and technologies, in particular on mathematics? |
Jun 10 |
awarded | Autobiographer |


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Regional economy continues to grow, survey says
A new survey of business leaders released Monday signals the economy should continue growing in nine Midwestern and Plains states in the months ahead.
The monthly economic index for the region rose to 57.7 last month, compared with 53.2 in December. That puts the index well above a neutral score of 50 and into positive territory.
Looking six months ahead, the business confidence index declined to a still strong 62.2 from 66.5 in December.
"Gains for durable-goods manufacturers more than offset losses for nondurable-goods producers in the region. The region has now gained back all job losses during the recession," Creighton University economist Ernie Goss said.
The survey covers Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma and South Dakota.
More hiring may be on the way, because the employment index improved to 56.4 in January from December's 48.7. Goss said the region's labor force is already at its highest level ever.
Business conditions in January also improved in Kansas and Missouri. However, the two states, along with Arkansas, are the only ones in the region that have yet to return to prerecession employment levels, the survey said.
Goss said he expected employment levels in Kansas to return to prerecession levels by the end of this year. He said Missouri jobs would not be back to fourth-quarter-2007 levels until the first half of 2015.
Also Monday, the Institute for Supply Management, a trade group of purchasing managers, said its national index of manufacturing activity fell to 51.3 in January from 56.5 in December. It was the lowest reading since May, though any reading above 50 signals growth. Manufacturers said export orders grew at a healthy pace but slightly less than in the previous month.
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This place gets very very packed similar to what you'd see at the sussex st branch. The equipment is excellent and they have a good range. The things which let it down are : In the male bathroom there's only 2 toilets, and often theres up to 150 people in there! And it gets very very very crowded and its hard to get equipment (between 4:30 and 6:30pm)
This place is beautiful. Catch it on a sunny day and sit outside and drink san gria. The indoor area is wonderfully decorated and the service is top notch. Only reason it doesnt get 5 stars is because its pretty pricey.
I've used many people to move over the past 10 years, and with all the removalists out there it's daunting choosing one. However i gotta say these were the only guys worth writing a review about. The service was excellent from the original phone call all the way up to collecting the bill. They were courteous and polite, and although had to deal with a tough staircase (and a 120kg buffet!) they soldiered through swiftly and carefully. Whats best is they gave me 10% off just for liking their facebook page! Thanks Sydney Removal Services I'm going to recommend you to my friends - J Girven
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Penetration Testing
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Beginner Pen Tester Blog
Sep 12 2011 04:04PM
tentpester (david gomm gmail com)
Hi All,
I'm probably opening myself up for a lot of ridicule here but I thought I
would share a link to a new blog I've created:
http://tentpester.blogspot.com/ http://tentpester.blogspot.com/
The idea behind it is to describe my experiences while attempting to become
a pen tester. Thought it mi...
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GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Genmab signed a worldwide agreement to co-develop and commercialize GenMab's HuMax-CD20™ (ofatumumab). HuMax-CD20 is a fully human Mab in late-stage development for CD20 positive B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in Phase II for rheumatoid arthritis.
If full commercialization is achieved in cancer and various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the total potential value of this agreement could exceed $2.1 billion, notes the companies. GSK will invest approximately $357 million to purchase 4,471,202 Genmab ordinary shares. Genmab will also receive a license fee of approximately $102 million. The companies also expect milestone payments totaling $ 1.6 billion and development, commercial manufacturing, and commercialization costs.
Genmab will be responsible for development costs until 2008, including costs of the two ongoing late-stage oncology studies. After this, development costs will be shared equally between GSK and Genmab.
GSK will receive an exclusive worldwide license to HuMax-CD20 and will be solely responsible for the manufacturing and commercialization of HuMax-CD20. Genmab will be entitled to receive tiered double-digit royalties on global sales of HuMax-CD20.
GSK will also receive exclusive worldwide licenses any other antibodies with affinity for the CD20 antigen that Genmab may develop. The company will also have an exclusive option to a CD20 UniBody™ to be developed in collaboration with Genmab.
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Centrally located to courts, the Department of Human Services and the hospital, the Center plays a key role in helping the children of Kaua`i. The island's partner agencies work together to meet the challenges of each case.
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Specially trained professionals conduct developmentally appropriate forensic interviews, and interviews are videotaped, in lieu of written statements.


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nitric oxide supplements with clenbuterol
you guys would have already jumped my sh-- if i would have posted the wrong thing lol..
any ideas - 06-07-2007, 05:39 PM
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Yeah, don't bother with NO products. There's zero legitimate research showing that arginine akg does anything to help build muscle. Waste of money.
Besides, if you're going to be on clen, what do you need NO for? -
Try injecting some NO Explode and then you' go NOOO! <explode>
another really valuable post from this guy. quite an asset to the board he is.
pairing a vasodilator with a vasoconstrictor? probably not a problem, considering NO products have such short active lives compared to clen.
on clen, i'd worry more about my potassium and water intake than NO stuff... - 06-08-2007, 10:38 AM
thanks sameold, some guys forget why we are all here
his reply sounds like the the reasons we needed these boards in the first place. - 04-20-2009, 02:39 PM
Alright, guys. Let's pop the cherry with my first post.
I understand why homeboy over here is interested in the Clen/NO2 stack: clen tends to shed excess fast rapidly -- and when used post cycle, it can create the impression of a massive decrease in size. Point and case: I just finished a Spawn and Halovar cycle I purchased recently from Supplement City. My post cycle consists of Reversitol for my S.E.R.M. and A.I., Testabolan V2 for the rejuvenation of natural testosterone levels, Orexis for libido support, Nolvadex on hand for safety, and Clenbuterol to counteract fat partioning due to elevated cortisol levels.
Now I grew quickly; I went from 202 pounds at 16.82% bodyfat to 212lbs in four weeks. I quickly cycled off with my PCT program, and a week later I'm down to 205lbs with a bodyfat percentage of 15.1%. Overall, the improvement is obvious. My shoulders and traps responded extremely well, my arms developed moderately and my strength is relatively static. Still, in spite of all of this, I want to return to 210lbs and stay there, only with a bodyfat percentage of 10%. (I do mixed martial arts, and being an ectomorph, 210lbs at 6'4'' is ideal for my somatotype.)
Now in all likelihood, this guy's interest in the Clen/NO2 stack is the same as mine. It presides in wanting to maintain the visual aesthetic of mass parallel to a leaner, harder over-all appearance.
Prima fascie, this sounds reasonable. But there are certain unknown variables that need to be taken into consideration, foremost among them being the fact that while Clenbuterol is a vasoconstrictor, NO2 is a vasodilator.
Now here's what I want to know. It's my impression that the efficacy of Clenbuterol resides in its role as a beta agonist and a repartitioning agent. By binding with the beta receptors, it stimulates lipolysis and fat is eliminated. However, I'm wondering if the thermogenic effect of Clenbuterol is a SIDE EFFECT of vasoconstriction unrelated to lipolysis, or if Clenbuterol-induced lipolysis is dependent on the thermogenic effects of the compound.
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i like iron man, the last airbender, and salt.. actually i have a lot.. i love movies!.. XD
KataraBadyanu (Jan 26, 2011)
My favorite would have to be Alice in Wonderland, Avater, Final Fantasy, and Inception. I have a lot more but thts all i could think of right now.
A Soul Needs a Purpose to Live.- Gaara
Let the Right One In.
Seriously, it is the first film I can honestly say was perfect in every way. The subtle hints, the extreme overtones that leave you question life, the plot-twist that you never catch the first time around watching it. Then, when you figure it out you applaud the writers for going that far with the film. Plus,it is the first romance film I've seen that refused to say the word "love". Love was not in the entire script. At all.
Run, Lola, Run second favorite film. It was edgy, a great thriller and I loved the concept of time in the film. Not to mention that German techno was amazing. It may not have been a perfect film, but it was so goddamn fun to watch! xD
Orochimaru Fangirl ♥ | MMO Junkie
harry potter 1-7
resident evil (all)
grown ups
In general, costumes are the first thing in life that let other people know who we are. They indicate who the person is without saying anything. - Molly Parker
My favorite movie is The Nightmare Before Christmas!!!!!!
I freaking love all the DBZ movies. Especially the english subbed version of Movie 8, when they fought Brolly the legendary super sayain for the first time. IT was a bloody war and everyone got raped.
A "favorite" thread, started by someone below the "community member" rank, that is turning into a list thread...I shall tread lightly.
Thanks to the advent of Netflix, I've been able to experience a lot of different genres of film, with varying obscurity. My most recent favorites have all been foreign films, and the two best were "Stolen Life", and "Man Woman and the Wall". In the case of both films, my reasoning is pretty much the same. I enjoy romance films, and greatly appreciated the fact that these two films delivered outstandingly on that concept, while straying from all conventional means. These movies remained unpredictable throughout, and were also not light hearted or very sentimental as you would expect a romance to be; they were twisted and at times almost morbid...which makes for quite the refreshing and entertaining romance flick. In a genre where you usually see the same old same old, with a different coat of paint, "Stolen Life" and "Man Woman and the Wall" really made a strong and unique showing.


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Why mess with the D when we need an O???
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Originally Posted by
Baas is not the best center prospect in the draft. He's the best guard prospect, with the tools to be one of the best center prospects.
Chris Spencer is considered by many NFL scouts to be the best center prospect in the draft...
I won't disagree, totally, with your assessment. It's something I go back and forth on. Both Baas and Spencer have started only one season at OC. Spencer also played OG his sophmore season (he declared as a junior). Most of the rankings place Baas at OG and this is what the evaluations are based on. I've seen only a couple with Baas listed at center and he was ranked number one. On all the measurables, Baas has better numbers than Spencer, but the one area where I have not seen an evaluation is his ability to snap the ball cleanly in the exchange and then that quick burst out of his stance to position himself for the block. If he is able to do this efficently, then Baas has the potential to be something special as a center. But it is this versitility which makes him my unequivacal choice as our first pick.
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Highlight: Karel Appel
Spotlight: Phillips London
Featured: Douglas Udell Gallery
Now On: Stories of the Future
Top Lot: Bert Stern
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Sample Report
This year, about 22 print dealers and eight book publishers from London, Paris and the U.S. paid between $1,500 and $2,500 for space to set up at the fair, which is co-organized by SoHo dealer Susan Inglett, Michelle Quinn of Brooke Alexander, and Printed Matter, the artists' bookstore in Chelsea. The event takes place simultaneously with the International Fine Print Dealers Association (IFPDA) fair, currently on view at the Seventh Regiment Armory on Park Avenue, Nov. 6-10, 2002 (where booths start at $8,000-$10,000). In case you wondered, the uptown exposition has everything from Old Masters to Picasso with some contemporary blue chips, while the Editions and Artist's Book Fair specializes in contemporary publishing.
On any given day, a visitor to Printed Matter's bookstore can find an daunting number of fascinating publications by artists. Here at the fair PM is offering two new multiples. A pair of white porcelain salt and pepper shakers by David Shrigley marked "heroin" and "cocaine," published by Yvon Lambert's Collection Lambert in Avignon in an edition of 30, are $75 the pair. That's what I call an affordable price, though I'm not sure I can imagine anyone actually wanting such questionable objects!
On the other hand, a small black-and-white photograph by Louise Lawler, showing a tiny mouse hanging from a tightrope (a piece by Maurizio Cattelan) in dealer Paula Cooper's library, is $100, signed, in an edition of 100 -- a definite must-have. And for real collectors, PM has a complete collection of all 16 of Edward Ruscha's artist's books (Twenty-Six Gasoline Stations, Nine Swimming Pools, etc.) for $22,000.
Across the aisle at Susan Inglett is another bargain from I.C. Editions, Allan McCollum's latest in his "Visible Markers" series, which he has been making since 1997 -- here, a box of five multicolored plastic bars engraved with the word "Thanks." The price: $25. The idea of "potlatch," of course, is that the greatest status accrues to those who give the most away. What a thought!
Inglett's real treasure, however, is a pair of etchings by Paul Noble, the eccentric British draftsman who is the star of the "Drawing Now" show at MoMA QNS. Both prints are imaginative and highly intricate scenes from Nobstown, the artist's private preserve, with one showing a barbecue and tree and the other an exotic carved topiary of tree trunks. The two Old Masterish etchings, measuring 26 x 36 in. in an edition of 30, are $3,500 the pair.
At Item Editions from Paris are several attractive works by Sophie Calle, known since the early 1980s for her performative, diaristic works. One object is a multiple version of her incredible "Chromatic Diet," a set of six napkins and tablecloth printed with a color spectrum of dishes -- melon and shrimp (orange), ham (pink), spinach, cucumbers, kiwi and grapes (green). The work is, of course, inspired by a scene in Paul Auster's book Leviathan. The lot comes in a box in a double edition of 250 in French and 250 in English, and can be yours for $800.
Item's Patrice Forest also published a work based on Calle's 1980 visit to Fashion Moda in the South Bronx, the legendary alternative space run by Stefan Eins and Joe Lewis. Every day Calle went to the space and asked people she met there to show her around the borough; she took their picture and wrote short narratives of her visit. For instance, William Scott, a 15-year-old boy (who I remember well from those days -- hi William!), took Calle to Yankee Stadium. She displayed all the pages at the gallery overnight, and graffiti writers added their tags.
For the multiple, all this material-- eight photos, eight texts, installation instructions -- is reproduced and offered in a bound leather book with an embossed cover that reads, "The Bronx." The edition size is 250; the price is $900. Calle is slated for a major retrospective at the Pompidou Center next year.
At the booth of the Lower East Side Printshop, a nonprofit workshop on East 4th Street that works with about 10 artists a year, is a set of six new screenprints by Ghada Amer. My favorite is titled Sleeping Beauty without the Castle (2002), and shows several of the artist's trademark erotic images (lifted from porn magazines). It can be yours for a mere $1,000. Also on hand is a set of 10 new screenprints by Joanne Greenbaum, who shows at D'Amelio Terras; the works are published in an edition of 20 for $1,200 apiece.
On the wall at Peter Blum is a harrowing scene of dozens of smokestacks belching black smog. I thought it was George W.'s plan for the Arctic Wildlife Reserve, but it turns out to be one of 20 photogravures in a new portfolio by English film artist Tacita Dean. Called "The Russian Ending," the suite consists of images based on found postcards that Dean has re-conceived as film stills and annotated by hand with various stage directions.
Most of the images are dire -- Worthing Pier destroyed by a freak storm, Vesuvius erupting, a Spanish monk being encrypted (the title refers to Danish films from ca. 1920 that were done with duplicate happy and sad endings for different markets; the sad ones were shipped East to Russia). The boxed edition, limited to 35 copies, is $20,000. "Nothing is expensive," exclaimed the expansive Blum. "It's just a question of money!"
Also on hand at Blum, a suite of four small black-ink woodcuts by Alex Katz, clearly influenced by the German Expressionists, and a large new drypoint etching by the young English artist Simon Frost, showing the abstractionist's obsessive technique.
Chealsea bigfoot Sean Kelly also has an operation to produce artist's multiples -- Cypher Editions, run by Sean's better half, Mary Thomas Kelly. Alongside leather beauty cases by Lorna Simpson and a hand-carved wooden desk rack by David Nash is a bargain-priced cup and saucer done in bone china by Douglas Gordon. On the bottom of the cup is the pirate's "mark of death," a black spot made famous by Robert Louis Stevenson in Treasure Island. A single cup and saucer can be had for $250, while an entire carrying case containing 13 cups and saucers, a teapot and sugar and crème pots is $2,500 in an edition of 39. Maybe someone should give it to George W. to pass on to hapless Vermont senator James M. Jeffords.
Editions Fawbush has a new blood-red banner by Nancy Spero showing a nude archaic dancer with ithyphalli in both hands (edition of 12), and a mesmerizing, circular plastic box of blinking blue lights by Leo Villareal (edition of 25, $2,800). But the showpiece is a portable porthole by the art-world's own utopian designer, Andrea Zittel. Produced in an edition of 12, each pair of portholes comes with its own screws for installation ($5,000). The artist is building an entire settlement somewhere in the Southwest, Arcosanti-style, out of paper pulp made from recycled newspapers, catalogues and the like -- so send her your leftover mail.


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Eco Tours tulcea, Romania - we organize tours in the fantastic wild area-the danube delta and also in the romanian villagges .We run trips in Carpathian mountains,painted monastaires from Bucovina, tours for small and private groups.good romanian food,good romanian wine.
Our ecotourism in Romania will take you to some of the most pristine and protected areas in the world. You will learn about the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage of the area. Travel to the most beautiful natural destinations in the world on our eco vacations. Learn about the impact human intervention has on the environment on our nature tours in Romania. Our eco tourism will educate you about the ecosystem and how you can help preserve the fragile areas of the world. Contribute and fund ecological conservation on our eco holidays and help benefit the economic and political development of the local communities. Browse our eco tours in Romania and plan your vacation today!


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From Wikiquote
Marketing is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers. Marketing might sometimes be interpreted as the art of selling products, but selling is only a small fraction of marketing. As the term "Marketing" may replace "Advertising" it is the overall strategy and function of promoting a product or service to the customer.
- Quotes are arranged alphabetically by author
A - F[edit]
- An advertising agency is 85 percent confusion and 15 percent commission.
- Fred Allen (1894-1957), Treadmill to Oblivion (1954)
- Marketing is the art of making something seem better than it really is.
- Suso Banderas (1976- ), Randomsig sample sigquotes (2000)
- In Marketing there are those who satisfy needs and those who create wants.
- Juan Carlos Castillo (1974- ), Marketing in Action (2005)
- Life's too short to sell things you don't believe in.
- Patrick Dixon (1957- ), Building a Better Business (2005)
- The future of marketing belongs to honest information, accurate data and clear claims based on truth.
- You can tell the values of a nation by its advertisements.
- Norman Douglas (1868-1952), South Wind (1917)
- I believe we are born with our minds open to wonderful experiences, and only slowly learn to limit ourselves to narrow tastes. We are taught to lose our curiosity by the bludgeon-blows of mass marketing, which brainwash us to see "hits," and discourage exploration.
- Roger Ebert in: Jonathan Silverman, Dean Rader (2005), The world is a text, p. 315
G - L[edit]
- Until I came to IBM, I probably would have told you that culture was just one among several important elements in any organization's makeup and success — along with vision, strategy, marketing, financials, and the like... I came to see, in my time at IBM, that culture isn't just one aspect of the game, it is the game. In the end, an organization is nothing more than the collective capacity of its people to create value.
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Who Says Elephants Can't Dance? (2002)
- By the way, if anyone here is in advertising or marketing...kill yourself...you're the ruiner of all things good...you are Satan's spawn, filling the world with bile and garbage...kill yourself.
- Bill Hicks (1961 - 1994), "Revelations" (1992)
- Society drives people crazy with lust and calls it advertising.
- John Lahr (1941- ), The Guardian (August 1989)
- You cannot Adhere to the Teachings of the Church on Sunday and not Apply to the Marketplace
- Archbishop LeRoy Bailey Jr. (1946- ) " He is Lord"- a sermon delivered at w:The First Cathedral (2007)
M - R[edit]
- Ads are the cave art of the twentieth century.
- Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), Culture Is Our Business (1970)
- The flaw of target marketing is that it assumes people are indifferent to variety. Suburban white boys won't listen to Rap because supposedly they can't relate to urban black youths hopping around to all beat and no melody. What we get is music segregation on the airwaves and the record racks.
- Richard Menta, in: Three Lawsuits and a Funeral - 11/30/2001
S - Z[edit]
- Marketing is inherently about producing results - either financial or otherwise.
- Geoff Smith (1962- ), VantagePoint Marketing (2005)