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Boris Pahor
Boris Pahor | |
Photograph taken in 2010
Born | Trieste, Austria-Hungary (now Italy) |
26 August 1913
Occupation | Writer |
Language | Slovene |
Alma mater | University of Padua |
Notable works | Necropolis (As of 2013, it has been translated twice to English. It has also been translated into French, German, Catalan, Finnish, Italian, Serbian, Spanish, Dutch, Croatian, Portuguese, Swedish, and Esperanto; original in Slovene.) |
Spouse | Radoslava Premrl (1921–2010) |
Boris Pahor ( pronunciation (help·info)) (born 26 August 1913) is a writer, internationally most notable for his Holocaust experiences as described in the novel Necropolis[Note 1], told from the point of view of Nazi concentration camp survivor visiting Natzweiler-Struthof a camp twenty years after he had been sent from there back to Dachau, Mittelbau-Dora, Harzungen, and finally to Bergen-Belsen, which was liberated on 15 April 1945.
Pahor is a prominent public figure in the Slovene minority in Italy who were affected by Fascist Italianization. Although a member of Slovene Partisans, he opposed Titoist Communism as well. He was awarded order of the Legion of Honour by the French government, the Cross of Honour for Science and Art by the Austrian government and been nominated for the Nobel prize for literature by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts,[1] but refused the title of honorary citizen of the capital of Slovenia because the Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947) was not supported the way it ought to have been during the period of Fascist Italianization neither by right-wing nor by left-wing Slovenian political elites.[2] He was married to the author Radoslava Premrl (1921–2010) and, at age 99, wrote a book dedicated to her.[3]
In addition to Slovene and Italian, he is also fluent in French.
- 1 Early life under Italian Fascism
- 2 Surviving Nazism and concentration camps
- 3 Opposing Communism
- 4 Later years and recognition
- 5 Theatre adaptation
- 6 Literary achievements and influence
- 7 Political positions
- 8 Controversies
- 9 Selected works (translated and published internationally)
- 10 Further reading
- 11 See also
- 12 Notes
- 13 References
- 14 External links
Early life under Italian Fascism[edit]
Pahor was born into a Slovene minority community in Trieste, the main port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the capital of the Austrian Littoral region at the time. Pahor's father Franc was born in Kostanjevica na Krasu, a settlement that was severely ravaged by the Battles of the Isonzo during the First World War. Franc married Marija Ambrožič and found a job in Trieste as a civil servant in the Austro-Hungarian administration.
Under the Treaty of Rapallo, the Kingdom of Italy annexed territories that included a substantial ethnic Slovene population, and that included a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3[4] million Slovenes.[5] After the annexation, and even more after Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922, the forced Fascist Italianization of the Slovene minority began.
In 1920, Italian Black shirts in Trieste burned down the Slovene Community Hall (Slovene: Narodni dom), which the young Pahor witnessed. All non-Italian languages (including Slovene and German) were forbidden as languages of instruction by the Fascist regime three years after this event. Between 1926 and 1932, all Slovene, Croatian, and German toponyms as well as first and last names begun to be subjected to Italianisation—during which also his future wife's name (Radoslava) was changed to Francesca. Fascism had a traumatizing effect on young Pahor, which he remembered in an interview for Delo two months before his 100th birthday:
... due to the trauma of experience of the Slovene Community Hall being burned down, which I experienced at age seven, on the spot, and following the shock that I could not go to Slovene schools anymore, I felt robbed in a way of the spiritual and psychological meaning of life.[6][Note 2]
Pahor later wrote about this childhood memory in one of his late novels, Trg Oberdan (Oberdan Square), named after the square on which the Slovene Community Hall stood, and also in essays.
He enrolled in an Italian-language Roman Catholic seminary in Capodistria. He graduated in 1935, then went to Gorizia to study theology, leaving it in 1938. The 1936 Fascist attack on Slovene choirmaster Lojze Bratuž—who was kidnapped, tortured, and killed on Christmas Eve because his choirs continued singing in Slovene—was later referred to by Pahor as confirming his dedication to anti-Fascism and the Slovene ethnic cause, as well as a lifelong intellectual opposition to all totalitarianisms in the name of Christian humanist and communitarian values.
Although no public and private use of Slovene was allowed and the relations between Slovenes living in Fascist Italy and those from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were forcibly cut off, Pahor nevertheless managed to publish his first short stories in several magazines in Ljubljana (then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) under the pseudonym Jožko Ambrožič, after he began to study standard Slovene during his stay in Capodistria and Gorizia.
In 1939, he established contact with the Slovenian personalist poet and thinker Edvard Kocbek.[7] Kocbek introduced him to contemporary literary trends and helped him improve his use of standard Slovene. In 1938, Pahor returned to Trieste, where he established close contacts with the few Slovene intellectuals who were still working underground in Trieste, including the poet Stanko Vuk and some members of the Slovene militant anti-fascist organization TIGR.
Surviving Nazism and concentration camps[edit]
In 1940, Pahor was drafted into the Italian army and sent to fight in Libya. In 1941, he was transferred to Lombardy, where he worked as a military translator. At the same time, he enrolled at the University of Padua, where he studied Italian literature.
After the Italian armistice in September 1943, he returned to Trieste, which had already fallen under Nazi occupation. After a few weeks in the German-occupied city, he decided to join the Slovene Partisans active in the Slovenian Littoral. In 1955, he described these crucial weeks of his life in the novel Mesto v zalivu (The City in the Bay), a story about a young Slovene intellectual from Trieste, wondering about what action to take confronted with the highly complex personal and political context of World War II on the border between Italy and Slovenia.
The Littoral Home Guard—a local Slovene anti-communist and anti-Partisan military organization in Slovene Littoral that was directly subordinated to Odilo Globocnik—handed 600 persons suspected of involvement with or sympathy to the resistance over to the Nazis, among them Boris Pahor. The Nazi administration first transported him to Dachau, from which he was relocated to Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch) and Natzweiler-Struthof in Alsace. From there he was sent back to Dachau, Mittelbau-Dora, Harzungen, and finally to Bergen-Belsen, which was liberated on 15 April 1945. The concentration camp experience became the major inspiration of Pahor's work, which has been frequently compared to that of Primo Levi, Imre Kertesz, or Jorge Semprún.
Between April 1945 and December 1946, Pahor recovered at the French sanatorium at Villers-sur-Marne (Île-de-France).
Opposing Communism[edit]
Pahor returned to Trieste at the end of 1946, when the area was under Allied military administration. In 1947, he graduated from the University of Padua with a bachelor's thesis on the poetry of Edvard Kocbek. The same year, he met Kocbek for the first time. The two men were united in their criticism of the communist regime in Yugoslavia and established a close friendship that lasted until Kocbek's death in 1981.
In 1951 and 1952, Pahor defended Kocbek's literary work against the organized attacks launched by the Slovenian Communist establishment and its allies in the Free Territory of Trieste. This resulted in a break with the local leftist circles, with which Pahor had been engaged since 1946. He grew closer to Liberal Democratic positions and in 1966, together with fellow writer from Trieste Alojz Rebula, he founded the journal Zaliv (The Bay), in which he sought to defend "traditional democratic pluralism" against the totalitarian cultural policies of Communist Yugoslavia. The journal Zaliv was published in Slovene in Trieste in Italy outside of reach of Communist Yugoslavian authorities. This enabled Zaliv to become an important platform for democratic discussion, in which many dissidents from Communist Slovenia could publish their opinions. Pahor discontinued the journal in 1990, after the victory of the Democratic Opposition of Slovenia in the first free elections in Slovenia after World War II.
Between 1953 and 1975, Pahor worked as an Italian literature instructor in a Slovene-language high school in Trieste. During this time, he was an active member of the international organization AIDLCM (Association internationale des langues et cultures minoritaires), which aims to promote minority languages and cultures. In this function, he traveled around Europe discovering the cultural plurality of the continent. This experience strengthened his communitarian and anti-centralist views.
In 1969, Pahor was one of the co-founders of the political party Slovene Left (Slovenska levica), established to represent all Slovene leftist voters in Italy who did not agree with the strategy adopted by the Slovene Titoist groups after 1962 of participating in the mainstream Italian political parties (mostly the Communist Party of Italy and the Socialist Party of Italy).[8] The party eventually merged with the Slovene Union. Pahor publicly supported the Slovene Union on several occasions, and has run on its tickets for general and local elections.
In 1975, Pahor and Alojz Rebula published a book in Trieste, entitled Edvard Kocbek: pričevalec našega časa (Edvard Kocbek: Witness to Our Time) and the 1975 Zaliv Scandal followed. Pahor, who lived in Italy and was an Italian citizen, was banned from entering Yugoslavia for several years. He was able to enter Yugoslavia only in 1981, when he was allowed to attend Kocbek's funeral. In 1989, his book Ta ocean strašnó odprt (This Ocean, So Terribly Open) published in Slovenia by the prestigious Slovene Society publishing house, was dedicated to Pahor's memories of Kocbek and marked one of the first steps towards the final rehabilitation of Kocbek's public image in post-Communist Slovenia.
Later years and recognition[edit]
Recognition in Slovenia[edit]
- Prešern Award
After 1990, Pahor gained widespread recognition in Slovenia. He was awarded the Prešeren Award, the highest recognition for cultural achievements on Slovenia, in 1992. In May 2009, Pahor became a full member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
- 2010 Documentary film
In 2010, a documentary Trmasti spomin (The Stubborn Memory) was screened on primetime on the Slovenian National Television Broadcast, featuring several famous public figures that talk about Pahor, including Slovene philosopher who lives and works in Paris, two Slovene historians from Trieste, Marta Verginella and Jože Pirjevec, the Italian writer Claudio Magris from Trieste, the French literary critic Antoine Spire, the Italian journalist Paolo Rumiz, and the Slovene literary historian Miran Košuta from Trieste.[9]
- Honorary Ljubljana Citizen proposal
In 2010, several civil associations proposed him as an honorary citizen of the Slovenian capital, Ljubljana. However, the proposal stalled at the commission for awards of the City Municipality of Ljubljana, who decided not to forward the proposal to the Ljubljana city council for a vote since Pahor publicly refused the idea because the Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947) was not supported the way it should be during the period of Fascist Italianization neither by right-wing nor by left-wing Slovenian political elites in Ljubljana.[2]
International recognition[edit]
It was predicted by a Slovene philosopher Evgen Bavčar living in France – a Pahor's friend whose mother worked in Trieste like Pahor's mother did – that as a Slovene writer Pahor would be recognized by Italian state only after he would be recognized by France and Germany. As explained in the 2010 documentary[Note 3] and in an interview with Pahor that was published in 2013 by Bukla Magazine,[10] Italian publishers were not interested in publishing Pahor until French and German translations were published. Only after France and Germany recognized Pahor, his work begun to be finally published in Italy in 2007.
In 2008, an influential article entitled "Il caso Pahor" (The Pahor Case), deploring the fact that the author had remained unknown in Italy for so long and blaming the Italian nationalist milieu of Trieste for it, has emerged in the Italian journal La Repubblica:
Forty years were needed for such an important author to gain recognition in his own country. ... For too long, it was in someone's interest to hide that in the "absolutely Italian" city of Trieste there was somebody able to write great things in a language different from Italian.[11]
In 2008, Pahor was the first time ever interviewed by the Italian national public television. The interview was aired as part of the Che tempo che fa, a primetime Sunday talk show on the Italian public TV's third channel.
In 2009, Pahor refused to receive an award by the mayor of Trieste Roberto Dipiazza[12] because the mayor did not have mentioned Italian Fascism besides Nazism and Communism.,[12][13] causing a controversy on the political right in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, resonating in the Italian media,[14][15] however, support of Pahor's decision was voiced by renowned Italian left-wing intellectuals, including the astrophysicist and popular science writer Margherita Hack, and[13] The Trieste-based Association of Free and Equal Citizens (Associazione cittadini liberi ed uguali), offering an alternative award that would explicitly mention anti-Fascism.[13]
International awards[edit]
In 2007, Pahor received the French order of the Legion of Honour by the French government.
In 2009, Pahor was awarded the Cross of Honour for Science and Art by the Austrian government.[16]
Theatre adaptation[edit]
In 2010, a theater adaptation of Pahor's novel Necropolis, directed by the Trieste Slovene director Boris Kobal, was staged in Trieste's Teatro Verdi, sponsored by the mayors of Trieste and Ljubljana, Roberto Dipiazza and Zoran Janković.[17][18]
The event was considered a "historical step" in the normalization of relations between Italians and Slovenes in Trieste,[17][19] and was attended by numerous Slovenian and Italian dignitaries.[20] After the performance, Pahor declared that he could finally feel himself to be a first-rate citizen of Trieste.[21]
Literary achievements and influence[edit]
Starting in the 1960s, Pahor's work started to become quite well known in Yugoslavia, but it did not gain wide recognition due to opposition from the Slovenian Communist Regime, which saw Pahor as a potential subversive figure. Nevertheless, he became one of the major moral referents for the new postwar generation of Slovene writers, including Drago Jančar, who has frequently pointed out his indebtedness to Pahor, especially in the essay "The Man Who Said No," published in 1993 as one of the first comprehensive assessments of Pahor's literary and moral role in the postwar era in Slovenia.
Pahor's major works include Vila ob jezeru (A Villa by the Lake), Mesto v zalivu (The City in the Bay), Nekropola (Pilgrim among the Shadows), a trilogy about Trieste and the Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947) Spopad s pomladjo (A Difficult Spring), Zatemnitev (Obscuration), V labirintu (In the Labyrinth), and Zibelka sveta (The Cradle of the World).
Five of his books have been translated into German.[22]
Political positions[edit]
Pahor has been known for his lifelong defense of ethnic identity as the primary social identification. Pahor defines himself as a "Social Democrat in the Scandinavian sense of the word".[23] However, in his life has supported different centrist positions, from Christian Democracy and Christian Socialism to more liberal positions.[citation needed] In the late 1980s, he was skeptical of the idea of independent Slovenia,[citation needed] but he later supported Jože Pučnik's vision of an independent Slovenian welfare state.[23]
In 2007, he publicly supported the candidacy of the Liberal politician Mitja Gaspari for president of Slovenia. In 2009, he ran on the list of the South Tyrolean People's Party as a representative of the Slovene Union for the European Parliament.[24][25] In 2011, before the Slovenian early elections, he publicly supported the Slovenian People's Party.[23]
In December 2010, Pahor criticized the election of Peter Bossman as the mayor of Piran on the basis of his ethnicity.[26] He stated that it is a "bad sign if one elects a foreigner for mayor."[26] The statement echoed in the Slovenian and Italian media,[27] and Pahor was accused of racism by some.[28] He rejected these accusations, saying he had nothing against Bossman being black; he clarified his statement by saying that he would rather see a mayor from one of the indigenous ethnic groups from the region, either a Slovene or Istrian Italian.[28]
In March 2012, the Italian right-wing newspaper Il Giornale published a book review of his autobiography titled "Nobody's Son", in which the book reviewer labels Pahor a "Slovene nationalist" and "negationist" for his agreement with the historian Alessandra Kersevan's criticism of historical revisionism in Italy regarding foibe.[29][30] The book review also reproached Pahor for making personal observations about the period of Yugoslav occupation of Trieste (between May and June 1945), implying that he witnessed the events, although he did not reside in the city at the time.[31]
In August 2013, Pahor criticized Giorgio Napolitano and Janez Janša for not mentioning explicitly Italian Fascism besides German Nazism and Slovenian (Yugoslav) Communism.[32]
Selected works (translated and published internationally)[edit]
- 1955 Vila ob jezeru (in French: La Villa sur le lac, in Italian: La villa sul lago, in German: Villa am See, in Serbian: Vila na jezeru), a novel
- 1955 Mesto v zalivu (in French: Quand Ulysse revient à Trieste, in German: Die Stadt in der Bucht), a novel
- 1956 Nomadi brez oaze (in German: Nomaden ohne Oase), a novel
- 1959 Kres v pristanu, also Grmada v pristanu (in Italian: Il rogo nel porto), short stories (including "Rože za gobavca")
- 1964 Parnik trobi nji (in French: L'Appel du navire, in Italian: Qui é proibito parlare, in German: Geheime Sprachgeschenke), a novel
- 1967 Nekropola (in English: Pilgrim Among the Shadows (1995) / Nekropolis (2010), in French: Pèlerin parmi les ombres (1996), in German: Nekropolis (2001, 2003), in Catalan: Necròpolis (2004), in Finnish: Nekropoli (2006), in Italian: Necropoli (2008), in Serbian: Necropola (2009)[Note 4], in Spanish: Necrópolis (2010), in Dutch: Nekropolis (2011), in Croatian[Note 5]: Nekropola (2012), in Portuguese: Necrópole (2013), in Esperanto: Pilgrimanto inter ombroj (), a novel
- 1975 Zatemnitev (in French: Jours Obscurs, in German: Die Verdunkelung), a novel
- 1978 Spopad s pomladjo (in French: Printemps difficile, in Italian: Una primavera difficile, in German: Kampf mit dem Frühling), a reprint of the novel 1958 Onkraj pekla so ljudje
- 1984 V labirintu (in French: Dans le labyrinth, in German: Im Labyrinth), a novel
- 1999 Zibelka sveta (in French: La Porte dorée, in Italian Il petalo giallo, in German Die Wiege der Welt), a novel
- 2003 Zgodba o reki, kripti in dvorljivem golobu (in French: Le Jardin des plantes), a novel
- Letteratura slovena del Litorale: vademecum / Kosovel a Trieste e altri scritti" (2004) – short biographies, essays (in Italian)
- 2006 Trg Oberdan (in German: Piazza Oberdan), a novel
- 2006 Arrêt sur le Ponte Vecchio, in French only, a collection of his selected stories
- 2004 Blumen für einen Aussätzigen, in German only, a collection of his selected stories
Further reading[edit]
- Tatjana Rojc (2013). Tako sem živel, Cankarjeva založba[Note 6]
- Il caso Pahor (The Pahor case) (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/662CUCIXX), La Repubblica, 2008-01-30 (Italian)
- Drago Jančar, "Das eigene Gesicht: über Boris Pahor und die slowenische Frage Europas", in Literatur und Kritik, no. 417/418 (2007).
- Drago Jančar, "Različen po svojih obrazih", in Delo, vol. 49, no. 86 (14 April 2007).
- Drago Jančar, "Uporni človek" (1993).
- Marija Pirjevec & Vera Ban Tuta (ed.), Pahorjev zbornik (Trieste: Narodna in študijska knjižnica, 1993).
- Boris Šuligoj, "Italijanom povedal, kakšno je "vreme" v Trstu" in Delo, vol. 50, no. 41 (20 February 2008).
- Wilhelm Baum: "Triestiner Wirklichkeiten. Über den Triestiner Schriftsteller Boris Pahor", in: Bücherschau 183, 2009, pp. 12–16. (German)
See also[edit]
- ^ As of 2013, the novel has been translated twice into English, first under the title Pilgrim Among the Shadows in 1995, and for a second time under the title Necropolis in 2010. It has also been translated into French: Pèlerin parmi les ombres (1996), German: Nekropolis (2001, 2003), Catalan: Necròpolis (2004), Finnish: Nekropoli (2006), Italian: Necropoli (2008), Serbian: Necropola (2009), Spanish: Necrópolis (2010), Dutch: Nekropolis (2011), Croatian: Nekropola (2012), Portuguese: Necrópole (2013), and Esperanto: Pilgrimanto inter ombroj.
- ^ (In Slovene:"... ob travmi, ki je nastala ob požigu Narodnega doma, ki sem ga doživel sedemleten neposredno na kraju samem, in potem šoku zaradi odvzema šolanja v slovenskem jeziku sem bil nekako duhovno-psihološko oropan smisla svojega obstoja.")
- ^ The 2010 documentary Trmasti spomin (The Stubborn Memory) from 32m35s onwards
- ^ See Cobiss record stating Serbian as language of translation.
- ^ See book review stating Croatian as language of translation.
- ^ Tako sem živel, Pri Cankarjevi založbi izšla zanimiva biografija Borisa Pahorja, Primorski dnevnik, 23 August 2013
- ^ Boris Pahor was nominated for the Nobel prize
- ^ a b "Boris Pahor: I do not want to become an honorary citizen of Ljubljana ("Ne želim postati častni meščan Ljubljane"" (in Slovenian). Delo.si. 19 April 2010.
- ^ Boris Pahor turns 99, official Slovenian website
- ^ Lipušček, U. (2012) Sacro egoismo: Slovenci v krempljih tajnega londonskega pakta 1915, Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. ISBN 978-961-231-871-0
- ^ Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) Clash of civilisations, Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol.12, No.2, p.4
- ^ [1], Delo, 6 July 2013
- ^ Boris Pahor v Tivoliju o Edvardu Kocbeku, Delo, 26 August 2013
- ^ http://www.slovenskaskupnost.org/page/zgodovina
- ^ "Boris Pahor – trmasti spomin". Rtvslo.si. 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ Interview with Pahor, Bukla Magazine, No.91-92, ISSU online
- ^ "Il caso Pahor (en:The Pahor case) (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/662CUCIXX)". La Repubblica. 30 January 2008. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ a b "Trieste e la parola fascismo Pahor in lite con il sindaco". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ a b c "Pahor, un altro premio divide Trieste". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Primorski spodbudil Corriere della Sera – trst – Primorski". Primorski.eu. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Boris Pahor ne bo "zaslužni občan" Trsta – trst – Primorski". Primorski.eu. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 1919. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
- ^ a b "Zgodovinska uprizoritev Pahorjeve Nekropole v prepolnem gledališču Verdi – Primorske Novice". Primorske.si. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Necropoli, cade un'altra frontiera del Novecento – il Piccolo dal 2003.it " Ricerca". Ricerca.gelocal.it. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Necropoli, cade un'altra frontiera del Novecento – il Piccolo dal 2003.it " Ricerca". Ricerca.gelocal.it. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ http://www.vlada.si/si/medijsko_sredisce/napovednik/napoved_dogodkov/article//14045/4a38ef756d/
- ^ "Pahor napolnil Verdija s slovensko besedo". Delo.si. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Najvišja avstrijska čast za Borisa Pahorja" [Highest Austrian Honour for Boris Pahor] (in Slovenian). MMC RTV Slovenia. 26 April 2010.
- ^ a b c http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrJgknYuyqU
- ^ "www.dobrojutro.net". www.dobrojutro.net. 27 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "d: SüdtirolNews – News aus Südtirol". Suedtirolnews.it. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ a b "Pisatelj Boris Pahor o plebiscitu samostojni Sloveniji slovenski levici in Titu – Primorske Novice". Primorske.si. 15 January 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ ""Scelto il sindaco nero Un brutto segnale" Pahor diventa un caso". Archiviostorico.corriere.it. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ a b "Boris Pahor: Sklepanje o mojem rasizmu je samovoljna trditev :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija". Rtvslo.si. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- ^ "Pahor se spominja fanta, ki so ga oropali njegove kulture". RTV Slovenia. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
- ^ "Italijanski časopis Pahorju očita, da laže in potvarja zgodovino". Il Giornale. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
- ^ http://www.ilgiornale.it/cultura/pahor_negazionista_foibe_e_lesodo_la_storia_torto/foibe_borovnica_boris_pahor_napolitano_trieste_tito_slovenia_partigiani/09-03-2012/articolo-id=576371-page=0-comments=1
- ^ Pahor o Janši in Napolitanu, Primorski Dnevnik, 28 August 2013
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boris Pahor. |
- Writer Boris Pahor Receives Top French Honour (Slovenian Government page)
- Boris Pahor on Natzweiler-Struthof
- 1913 births
- Living people
- People from Trieste
- Slovenian writers
- Slovenian Roman Catholics
- Yugoslav Partisans members
- Italian military personnel of World War II
- Italian Slovenes
- Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp survivors
- Dachau concentration camp survivors
- Bergen-Belsen concentration camp survivors
- Christian humanists
- Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp survivors
- Ethnic Slovene people
- Prešeren Award laureates
- Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
- Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
- Légion d'honneur recipients
- Slovenian centenarians


text: Also known as ''2Spicy'', ''Too Spicy'' is a LightGunGame made by Creator/{{Sega}} that is notable for also having characteristics of a Third Person Shooter.In it, the player controls one of six Terminator-esque humanoid robots (Laurence, Ming-Hua, Charlie, Alexander, SICKS and Tetsuya) in either a one or two player versus duel mode or a story mode. The game differs from other light gun shooters in that it not only provides versus multiplayer, but is controlled from a third-person perspective that allows you to control your characters' movements on a 2D plane with foot pedals.The gameplay usually consists of duels between two characters, constantly shifting between cover objects in order to gain the upper hand. The game also has a remarkably long play-time for an arcade game, with the versus mode easily taking around 30 to 50 minutes to complete on $2.00, and the story mode (which is unique for each character) taking even longer for the same amount of money. The game also features heavy use of Hong Kong action movie-style effects and locales, and each of its characters represent action movie or game archetypes. ----!!Tropes:* AnimeHair: Tetsuya provides a mild example with his bleached hairstyle, but the giant, over-the-top ''thing'' on Charlie's head is a definite contender.* AmbiguouslyGay: Charlie is a personification of this trope.* BottomlessMagazines: Averted, each character's weapons have unique magazine sizes, and they are forced to reload each time they run out.* BoomHeadshot: Every character can zoom into a target by keeping their croshair on them for long enough, and when zoomed in, the shooter can deliver a crippling Boom Headshot (complete with giant yellow text and sound effect) that rips off much of the opponent's face and knocks them down (but not always out).* TheDragon: SICKS plays this role to Shadow in the story mode, and one of your copies plays this role in VS. mode.* DueltotheDeath: All of the gameplay besides bonus missions consists of this.* {{Expy}}: Shadow may be an example, as he dresses entirely in black, has a burst-fire handgun, and has a similar hairstyle and voice to a [[SonictheHedgehog certain angsty hedgehog with the same name]], who is also from a SEGA game.* FiringOneHanded: Tetsuya, Charlie and SICKS all follow this school of thought.* FragileSpeedster: Charlie* GunsAkimbo: Ming-Hua does this with her dual Beretta 900s pistols.* GlowingEyesofDoom: Every character does this before a fight, and if they win, immediately after. It seems that they can activate their Glowing Eyes of Doom by will.* HandCannon: SICK's Raging Bull magnum revolver is an example.* InvisibilityCloak: SICKS can become invisible whenever moving between cover objects. The game camera also assists him with this, as it doesn't follow him until he re-appears. The stage that you fight him on (a subway station), also assists him with constantly moving, stage-obscuring trains.* JackOfAllStats: Tetsuya* LeapAndFire: Any player can do this by double-tapping the foot pedal.* MightyGlacier: Lawrence* MirrorMatch: The second-last character in VS. mode is a pallete swapped mirror of the character you are playing as. This encounter is actually harder than the final boss, as a great deal of gameplay is based off each characters unique attributes, and thus fighting against your character is understandably a contender for ThatOneBoss.* RidiculouslyHumanRobots: Every character in the game. * StandardFPSGuns: Played straight, with a handgun, dual pistols, revolver, shotgun, SMG, burst-fire pistol, grenade launcher and scoped pistol which acts like a sniper rifle. However, each weapon has its own strengths and balances each other out, and the game also uses a remarkable amount of handguns -5 out of 8 weapons. * XMeetsY: Basically, it's a LightGunGame combined with a FightingGame.----

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Families Displaced By 2-Alarm Blaze in Hagerstown, Maryland
Hagerstown, MD- On February 22nd, Hagerstown firefighters were awaken early to an attic fire at 36 Fairground Avenue.
Crews dispatched out around 05:12 hours arrived to find heavy smoke and fire coming from the structure with exposures.
Battalion Chief 2 (Randy Myers) arrived and immediately requested an additional Ladder Truck along with a Medic Unit for a burn patient on the scene.
Once Chief Myers assessed the situation, he placed Fairground Command in effect and requested the second alarm along with two additional medic units to the scene.
Firefighters on the fire were facing the threat of exposures upon arrival. Fire was shooting out the attic apartment upon their arrival causing the siding on the residence across the alley to melt.
Firefighters worked to rescue occupants that were on the balcony upon their arrival while crews began an aggressive attack on the blaze.
Firefighters continued to battle the blaze for nearly a half an hour before gaining control.
Command reported the fire under control to dispatch around 5:59 am.
Crews remained on the scene for several hours conducting overhaul and assisting the Hagerstown Fire Marshals Office with their investigation.
American Red Cross was also notified to assist two families that were displaced by the fire.
Fire crews on the scene were able to wrap up operations around 08:46 hours that morning.
The cause of the fire has not yet been determined and is under investigation.
During the blaze, Community Rescue attended to a Priority 1 patient with burns to the face as well as injuries they sustained when they jumped from the third floor window to escape the blaze.
The patient was transported to Washington County Trauma Center and later transferred out to a Bay View.
The patient was last known to be listed in critical condition at Bay View Medical in Baltimore.
Crews on the call were First Hose Eng1, Antietam Fire Eng2, Juniors Fire Eng3, Western Enterprise Station 4, South End Fire Eng5, Halfway Truck.26, Longmeadow Truck 27, Maugansville Rescue Squad 13, Community Rescue Co.75, Washington County Air Unit 25 and Rehab Unit 255, Red Cross, and HFD Fire Marshals Office.


text:
MONOLITHIC MANCHESTER DECODERThe 3D7522 product family consists of monolithic CMOS Manchester
Decoders. The unit accepts at the RX input a bi-phase-level,
embedded-clock signal. In this encoding mode, a Logic one is
represented by a high-to-low transition within the bit cell, while a Logic
zero is represented by a low-to-high transition. The recovered Clock
and data signals are presented on CLK and DATB, respectively, with By Data Delay Devices, Inc.
3D7522 Pb-Free | 3D7522 Cross Reference | 3D7522 Schematic | 3D7522 Distributor |
3D7522 Application Notes | 3D7522 RoHS | 3D7522 Circuits | 3D7522 footprint |


text:
five prime therapeutics inc
Executive Profile*
Ronald Levy M.D., Ph.D.Member of Scientific Advisory Board, Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc. |
Age | Total Calculated Compensation | This person is connected to 98 board members in 7 different organizations across 11 different industries. See Board Relationships |
-- | -- |
Dr. Ronald Levy, also known as Ron, MD, PhD serves as the Chief of the Division of Oncology at Stanford University. Dr. Levy serves as a Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Oncology and Director of the Lymphoma Program at Stanford University School of Medicine. Dr. Levy serves as a Member of Scientific Advisory Board of Five Prime Therapeutics Inc. He serves as a Director of American Association For Cancer Research. He serves as a Member of Scientific Advisory ...
Corporate Headquarters*Two Corporate Drive Phone: 415-365-5600South San Francisco, California 94080 United States Fax: 415-365-5601 Board Members Memberships*Director
Education*BA 1963 Harvard University MD 1968 Stanford University
Other Affiliations* |
Annual Compensation*There is no Annual Compensation data available.Stock Options*There is no Stock Options data available.Total Compensation*There is no Total Compensation data available. |
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To contact FIVE PRIME THERAPEUTICS INC, please visit . Company data is provided by Capital IQ. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Greek Kayakers
look us up in Facebook, my name is : Jonathan Constantine, and guess what you will find my profile with a kayak action of myself, also I mention that I live in Athens Greece.
our club activity and postings are on this page.
You will notice our clubhouse and restaurant on the video background below. Become our friend on Facebook, and why not, if you can visit us and enjoy kayaking and surfskiing in our bay, and in all of Greece
check us out on Facebook. look me up - Jonathan Constantine and I will add you to our kayakers group. We regularly host kayak - surfski races and we also have a gym, storage facilities, and the best beach in Attica!!! Our tavern ist that shabby either!!!
I am the club secretary for the Varkiza bay sailing and kayak club situated in Athens Greece. After hosting the first ever surfski and ocean seakayak in Greece in june and the second in September, we are thinking of hosting an international race next year. We have direct access to the beach, excellent facilities and we have hosted major international sailing events over the years (windsurfing world cup, optimist paneuropean champs, ect). I am currently "testing the waters" on interest for a race in July to September 2012. The race will be held with the highest safety standards, including numerous RIB support - safety - recovery boats, and will have several categories with distances from sprints to 30- 40 mile marathons over open water. Several factories have already expressed interest in the race, we will probably know for sure which teams will compete by September, after the Kanumsee show.
Jonathan Constantine
Club Secretary -
You can find me at the Varkiza Yacht Club, situated on the Eastern side of Varkiza Bay. Club phone +30 210 8974305. Club offers kayak storage, kayak training, club trips, racing whitewater, flatwater and oceanracing. Club showers, gym, rec room, restaurant at very decent prices. Direct shore access, RV parking possible, various hotels nearby, very close 15km to Athens International Airport.
All type of kayakers living or travelling to Greece, Sea, Flatwater and Whitewater welcome with tips, trips and travel advice
There are no announcements yet.
There are no discussions in this group yet. Why don't you create one?


text:
Moaning Mini Face Tree Decor
Online Only
Sold Out
They say the trees have eyes, and that may actually be true! Make it real with this Moaning Mini Face tree decor and watch your back!
- The Moaning Mini haunted tree face is made of brown plastic
- Easily attaches to any tree for a spooky effect
- Dimensions in Packaging- 9x6x1
Additional Product Information:
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It doesn't moan, although I did when I g
Cheap, Misrepresented
Best Uses:
Describe Yourself:
Midrange Shopper
Bottom Line:
No, I would not recommend this to a friend
Comments about Moaning Mini Face Tree Decor:
Like the screaming one i bought at the same time. I thought they would make noise when you got near them. They're just three pieces of worthless moulded junk.
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Mini face tree decor
By tjensen53 from Hamlin, NY on 7/23/2013
Best Uses:
Describe Yourself:
Midrange Shopper
Bottom Line:
Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Comments about Moaning Mini Face Tree Decor:
I have 2 large trees facing the road that need faces to match their personalities.
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- All deliveries are pending approval and merchandise availability.
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