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ASCAP, an organization owned and run by its members, is the leading U.S. Performing Rights Organization representing over 525,000 songwriters, composers and music publishers.
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Victor Herbert, who also served as Vice President of ASCAP from 1914 until his death in 1924, was an Irish-American composer, conductor and activist, whose greatest artistic legacy lies in his role as the grandfather of the American musical theater. He brought operetta to the Broadway stage and helped it transition to that of the musical. His most popular work, "Babes in Toyland" (1903), is still regularly produced to this day, and "The March of the Toys" and "Toyland" have both become Christmas classics.
"The Musical Worlds of Victor Herbert" will open its doors on August 16, 2012 and will run through January 26, 2013. For more information, please visit www.loc.gov/today/pr/2012/12-142.html.


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Aboriginal Australians, one of the world's indigenous peoples now outnumbered through colonization, are the most under-represented in genetic research because they feel that the benefits do not outweigh the social cost of involvement. Descendants of the First Australians have survived a period of European occupation during which time they were dispossessed of land, language and cultural identity resulting in inequities in health, education, and employment opportunities. Compared to Maori and Native American peoples, the ability to form organizations that help to control their affairs is very recent. The desire to control is understandably strong yet the 'gate-keeping' role of some organizations risks shifting the control away from smaller communities and has become increasingly politicized. In the past, research practices by Western scientists were poorly presented and have resulted in resistance to proposals that are perceived to have no beneficial outcomes for participants. In this age of advanced technological expertise in genetics, benefits to all humanity are clear to those carrying out research projects, yet not always to those being asked to participate, presenting extra challenges. Excellent guidelines for ethical conduct in research are available to assist researchers, prospective participants, and ethics committees or review boards that approve and monitor procedures. The essence of these guidelines are that research should be carried out with a spirit of integrity, respect, reciprocity, parity, recognition of survival and protection of social and cultural values, a need for control and shared responsibility. Specific Aboriginal organizations, with which researchers need to work to negotiate partnerships, vary within and between Australian states and will always expect Aboriginal personnel to be involved. People experienced in the consultation process are necessary as part of a team. By working patiently through lengthy negotiations with Aboriginal Australians, scientists can achieve valuable results, but failure to do so with respect and understanding will not yield hoped for outcomes. My own experience working with communities in the Darling River region of western New South Wales has been an enriching and rewarding one, with a long period of successful research lately delayed by increased expectation of monitoring and involvement at state level.
Aboriginal; Australia; Colonization; Dispossession; Genetic; Ethics; ResistanceOpinion
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia are very sparsely represented in published genetic studies. Yet it is well recognized through these and from archaeological, anthropological, and linguistic evidence that they are one of the world's longest living cultural groups, having occupied the continent for at least 40,000 to 50,000 years. The situation in which descendants of the First Australians find themselves today as a minority in their own land is not unique, yet of all the world's indigenous peoples, resistance to genetic research is possibly strongest. This arises from many things, possibly a combination of various circumstances within broader contexts: a more recent colonial history (than, for example, Native Americans who had 200 years of the colonial experience before Europeans settled in Australia in 1788) within an age of accelerated technological advancement, and even more recently, proper recognition of their place in Australia where societies at large experience increased politicization of human rights and social issues. There are examples worldwide where researchers are able to work effectively with indigenous peoples, taking time to understand the process that is required to achieve collaboration. As one of these researchers I appeal to colleagues in the scientific community to appreciate the challenges and the pitfalls involved. I also ask indigenous peoples, especially those in positions of influence on committees and review boards, to appreciate the structures and constraints under which scientists have to operate and to avoid increasing the bureaucratic complexity of monitoring research to a level that effectively results in exclusion from potentially beneficial involvement. This is currently the case in many parts of Australia.
The social impact of Western science on all peoples has been profound. Technological advances have generated enormous power to affect people lives with clear advantages, yet also many costs to cultural and social wellbeing. Over the last decades, genetic technology has reached an unprecedented level of power to probe the origin and evolution of living organisms. For indigenous peoples of the world, who survive in environments that were changed forever by colonizing 'others', extra challenges arise. Increasingly, genetic researchers seek to describe and compare complete human genomes to understand diversity in living populations and from human remains of the past. Only by including indigenous peoples in these studies can the genetic history of our species be properly understood. Application of knowledge derived from these data is necessary to answer questions of ancestral, evolutionary, demographic, medical, and forensic relevance yet most Aboriginal Australians find it difficult to appreciate the value that such research might bring.
Poor research practices of the past resulted in distrust that remains entrenched [1-3] even though salient lessons have been learnt from those mistakes by practicing researchers. Some responsibility for the lasting distrust of motives behind genetic studies arose from the presentation of the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) in the 1990s to some Aboriginal Australian organizations. It is so well remembered today that the experience and publicity that it generated is frequently raised and has harmed the efforts of many Australian scientists who have worked hard with Aboriginal organizations and individuals to present the benefits of genetic research, to involve participants in projects and to deal together with the negative concerns [2]. Entrenched distrust is hard to overcome.
There are clear arguments in favor of describing genetic history of our species and scientists working in genetic research have, for the most part, proceeded with their work responsibly and with ethical integrity. Institutions and funding bodies have greatly improved their attention to the social impact of research, yet very few individual scientists fully appreciate the situation of indigenous peoples in the world of today, do not understand why resistance in Australia is so strong and are poorly equipped to deal with expectations, meet the challenges, and develop partnerships.
The long history of human habitation in the island continent of Australia, known from archaeology, linguistic, and anthropological studies, has been confirmed from several genetic studies most recently reviewed [4] and including several from my own research [5-8]. They have created strong interest within the scientific community. Over the last decades, many scientists outside Australia have sought access to samples as the range of diversity within Australia is not well-known and many language groups/regions are not represented. Even for the participants of some published studies, traditional links are unknown. While requests for samples may have clear scientific validity, appreciation of the situation for scientists working in Australia is poorly understood by those making the request and do not seem to understand that samples cannot be sent outside the country without specific consent under current ethical guidelines and acceptable protocols.
This article discusses the pertinent example of the challenges facing both genetic researchers and descendants of the First Australians in achieving partnerships that may realize the value of genetic research for all, without creating social disharmony.
Historical background
The colonization experience is a familiar one for surviving indigenous peoples throughout the world. Lives for most are markedly affected by dispossession of culture, language, and traditional lifestyles after being forced to move aside to make room for large-scale expansion dominated by technological, political, and economic power. In New Zealand, the treaty of Waitangi signed in 1840 exerted a powerful influence on subsequent colonial events though it did not stop the continuing process of dispossession. Native peoples of the Americas suffered shameful exploitation by European colonizers and in many cases, the lands subsequently ceded to them bore minimal resemblance to their traditional connections. In Africa, Europe, and Asia, human demographic history has been marked by patterns of dispersal motivated by different needs ranging from changing circumstances such as climate, economic needs, population pressure, conflict, and the lust for power. Genetic researchers try to understand the genetic history of people today to answer questions related to biological and social wellbeing, yet frequently fail to appreciate the concerns of indigenous peoples as a result of colonial history, different world views, and a struggle to retain identity. An understanding of history is not only essential to facilitate interpretations of diversity, population sizes in the past, and geographic distribution of results from genetic studies on living people, but is fundamental to principles of ethical conduct.
In Australia, the colonization period is recent (from 1788) and indigenous marginalization began immediately on the east coast extending rapidly into the interior with exploration and pastoralization [6]. Unlike Aotearoa (New Zealand), there has never been a treaty and in terms of the law, land rights that are central to the identity of Aboriginal Australians, have been achieved only since the 1970s [9,10]. Social history for the descendants of the First Australians has been marked by dispossession, appropriation of land, separation of families, and exploitation of women. There is resultant resistance to research per se, in particular to genetic research [1-3,11] and an increased effort to gain control through indigenous organizations at the local, national, and international level where Australian Aboriginal representatives sit on United Nations advisory committees. It is well-known that many research practices (such as the collection of skeletal remains for museum collections) in the early part of the 20th century had little regard for the impact on Aboriginal Australians. After many years of negotiation, the engagement of the Australian Government in current efforts to return those remains to traditional kin is beginning to heal some of the hurt [12]. There is a place for genetic research in this process, but the legacy of the past has meant that, with some exceptions [13,14], few Aboriginal communities have agreed to the genetic study of 'ancient' human tissue.
It is well documented that by the time European settlers arrived in 1788, the Australian continent was entirely occupied by diverse and distinctive language groups. Under a doctrine of terra nullius, that occupation was not legally recognized until 1992 [15]. From the early 1800s, the forced relocation of whole families and the subsequent removal of children under 'assimilation' policies, sometimes to locations hundreds of kilometers from traditional country [16] meant that many living people with Aboriginal ancestry are still unsure of their traditional connections. In the changed circumstances of today, communities live in scattered populations and there is considerable movement between cities, rural, and remote regions [17]. While many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have overcome the social disadvantage of the past, it is not so for many rural and remote communities where opportunities for training and employment are sparse. With the emergence of Land Rights [9], Aboriginal Australians have made some gains in managing their own affairs, establishing organizations that have some influence on policies albeit not as much control that they feel is their right. For researchers this manifests as a wish for indigenous control over research projects that include Aboriginal participants and in some cases, hard fought funding has been lost due to delays or outright refusal to sanction non-indigenous involvement. I summarize some of my own experiences and the processes currently in place in Australia that scientists need to follow to work with Aboriginal Australian participation. Many of the principles behind these processes are those of fundamental human rights, yet need to be seen in the context of colonization that has lead to social disadvantage for many peoples who have been colonized.
Practice in the Australian context
My own experience began in 1992 when I sought Aboriginal participation for a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) study and successfully obtained samples from people of the Paakintji (Barkindje), Ngyembaa, and Mutthi-Mutthi peoples of the Darling River region in western New South Wales. My own background in nursing, medical research, anthropology, and archaeology provided knowledge and experience for consultation and negotiation proceeding through the Local Land Councils and participant families [3]. Consent was initially for mtDNA analysis and later (1995 to 1997) consent was obtained to do health-related genetic studies. The mtDNA analysis [5-7] identified strong and Australian specific mt haplogroups now known as M42a, S, O, P4b, P8 which together with other studies have made a major contribution to knowledge of the matrilines in the region [4] already known to be a significant Pleistocene habitat. Of the genetic studies with Australian Aboriginal participation that have been published, my research is rare in being able to describe language group affiliation with accuracy, yet this information is fundamental to interpretation of genetic results about the arrival and dispersal of people in the Near Oceanic region. Nuclear work was carried out on various single candidate loci and one genome analysis [8], however progress has been very slow lately. During the last 20 years, many community visits have been made by me and some colleagues to the region. I have always visited organizations, individuals, and families, providing reports, maintaining good relationships, and obtaining letters of support from various organizations. However progress has been delayed lately due to increased requirements of ethics committees external to the local communities.
Institutional ethics approval was given throughout by the University of Sydney Human Ethics Committee, then University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (UNSWHREC), and state government health services. Since 2005, negotiations for ongoing research have proceeded through the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Ethics Committee (AH&MRCEC) of New South Wales which was not in place at the beginning of my research, but arose from efforts to establish Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) during the 1990s. It is currently a requisite of the UNSWHREC to gain ethical approval from the AH&MRCEC [http://www.ahmrc.org.au/Ethics webcite] before seeking institutional ethics approval for ongoing work. That has been delayed due to the requirements of the AH&MRCEC that involve revision and re-approval of current consent forms, renewed consent even for those that did so in 2011, the establishment (by the researcher) of another 'reference group' comprising Aboriginal people with expertise in health and genetics, organizational approval from the regional Aboriginal community controlled health organization who have stated unwillingness to be involved but expressed the right of individuals to participate. In addition, delays are due to the lengthy documentation of 20 years of research which leads to apparent misreading of information previously supplied. Additional difficulties for myself have been in the form of incorrect assertions (easily refuted) that have questioned my professional integrity, presumably arising from uninformed sources, external to the communities or families with whom I maintain very good relationships. In a separate multidisciplinary (funded) project in northern Australia, the population genetics that was planned with my involvement as one component was vetoed by a regional Land Council, despite community consent. These delays are extraordinarily difficult, yet I strongly believe that only by persevering will Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people realize that poor practices of the past do not continue in Australia and truly engage in what can be beneficial work.
These experiences indicate that geneticists who wish to work with indigenous peoples need to be prepared to build relationships that recognize social issues around the physical and cultural survival of communities. This must begin by contact, either direct or indirectly through an experienced collaborator, with an Elder group or local leaders in the relevant community. It is neither appropriate nor fair to ask national Aboriginal leaders to act as a go-between. That contact must be made in a manner that indicates respect for the history and values of that community. Guidelines for appropriate research with indigenous peoples in Canada [18], New Zealand [19], as well as with Aboriginal Australians have been in place for some time [20-24] and are constantly being updated. Most relevant resources for geneticists, because of the sensitivity to the use of DNA, are those that include guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who may wonder what they need to consider if asked to participate in research [25]. The intrinsic values common to the guidelines and explained more fully in the document, are that projects should be presented and negotiated with a spirit of integrity; respect; reciprocity; parity; recognition of survival and protection of social and cultural values; a need for control and shared responsibility. The essence of these guidelines for ethical research practice has been, for the most part, incorporated into submission guidelines for institutional ethics committees in Australia. Ethical approval for specific projects needs to be sought from one or more appropriate ethics committees in institutions such as universities, hospitals, research centers, or specific Aboriginal organizations, depending on the state or region. Forensic scientists collect samples for forensic purposes and reports that arise from these collections should have a forensic focus. The use of the samples and the data that arise are restricted to forensic science in accordance with regulations that are not the same in all Australian states.
The application of ethical principles in Australia will vary as communities may be from remote areas, rural towns with mixed populations or cities. However, the expectations will include appropriate engagement, consultation, and negotiation which will hopefully lead to participation. A useful resource for researchers, because it is also prepared for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and individuals, details eight steps with tasks for researchers [25] under the following headings: building relationships; conceptualization or thinking and planning; developments and approval; data collection and management; analysis or looking at the meaning; report writing; dissemination; learning from the experience. The point about this general 'plan', which may seem obvious to scientists, is that researchers and participants have specific tasks and responsibilities at each step. For the researchers and for funding bodies, there is a clear need to invest resources into every step of the process and preparedness for personal engagement is essential. With regard to DNA research, there are special issues related to consent, custodianship of samples, personal information and data dissemination. These issues have formed the focus of discussions between geneticists, medical and social scientists, Aboriginal people, and ethics committee representatives over recent years and for the last 2 years at 'Roundtable' discussion groups hosted by the Lowitja Institute for which a freely downloadable document is available [23,24]. These documents are informative for researchers.
Human research ethics committees (or review boards) normally work toward approval for a specific project and named personnel that have been submitted to the committee according to the particular institution. Any variation to the project or personnel requires additional consent from the relevant committee. In genetic research, this means that samples that remain from one study cannot be passed to other scientists or used for further studies with different aims, without renewed consent. It is counterproductive to the efforts of the many people who are involved directly or indirectly in negotiated research with Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, if researchers outside Australia proceed to use samples that were collected in another era. It is expected that renewed consent to use those samples should be obtained.
The requirements of human research ethics committees/review boards are to provide evidence from the research team (usually through the principal investigator) that adequate care has been taken to follow the principals outlined in available guidelines (albeit respecting the confidentiality between researcher and participant). This will include declarations that appropriate information has been supplied and that individuals have given consent on forms approved by the particular committee, say for example the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (UNSWHREC). Where an additional ethics committee is involved such as the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council Ethics Committee (AH&MRCEC) of New South Wales, there is an expectation that evidence of community consent to a project is in the form of a letter or document from the appropriate organization [22]. This frequently raises the issue of whether community engagement means that communities/organizations want to give consent. In the region in which I work, the answer is no.
Unresolved issues
Several of these have caused and are still causing great delays in my own work and, in my view, result in the foundering of beneficial partnerships between other geneticists and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
• Control of research by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is understandable against the historical background that generated disadvantage yet it is interpreted to varying degrees. In an increasing number of communities, substantial direct involvement is in place especially for projects that have a direct impact on day to day life. However, for some Aboriginal organizations or 'peak bodies', control is expected to be more than involvement in a project. For example, the NSW AH&MRCEC advises that there should be
'Aboriginal community control over all aspects of the proposed research, including research design, ownership of data, data interpretation, and publication of results' [22].
For some types of projects such as genetic research that require the use of expensive institution-centered equipment, technology and data analysis expertise, a collaborative approach is necessary as none of us have the full range of expertise required. Very few Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people express interest in careers in science and to achieve the degree of control envisaged, the available qualified Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have to take on extra responsibilities. To attract more people into research, greater incentives in the form of scholarships/education and career opportunities need to be offered. My own research has been criticized by the AH&MRC because it has only 'involved' communities and families by personal visits with constant feedback, but has not had the resources to employ a community member as a part of the project. This issue of control has prevented some well-designed projects from eventuating.
• Community consent for a project is appropriate in many instances, especially in a remote community where there is a central organization, for example the research led by Jenefer Blackwell working with the Wurundjeri people [23], p25. However there is great variation in response, and sometimes one individual who is unwilling even to discuss a project, reduces the confidence in others and results in a negative response. In the area of western New South Wales where my own research has been centered there is no single discreet community but people live in towns with mixed populations. Consultation and negotiation since 1992 has proceeded through several organizations such as Wilcannia, Menindee, and Dareton Local Land Councils, Wilcannia Community Working Party, community health centers, Elders of the Mungo Joint Management Advisory Committee, and Maari Ma Health Aboriginal Corporation. In all letters that I have received between 1992 and 2012 that give support in principle, the organization does not give approval per se but recognizes and respects the right of individuals/families to continue participation. This is in keeping with the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples [26] and the NH&MRC guidelines [27], p10 that state that
'a community, organisation or person has the right to say "Yes" to be involved in research', as well as having the right to say "no".
How does this sit with the requirements of 'gate-keeping' committees, especially if they are comprised of people from a very broad region, not necessarily including representatives from a local area? Should a negative decision override that of participants and their families? Community organizational consent may not be appropriate in all communities especially where there are internal conflicts between powerful families over identity or resources. In my experience, as long as trusting relationships are in place, it is more acceptable to communities themselves, to be asked to 'acknowledge' that a research project has been negotiated and that the researchers are proceeding respectfully with willing individuals/families.
• Discomfort with the need for publication and the sharing of data, even though it is anonymized, is a frequent cause for delay. Clearly, the focus of population biologists and forensic scientists cross paths here, but under present guidelines it is difficult to collaborate in Australia. It is currently the reason why a recent publication using samples for which I remain custodian [8] has not made raw data files of a genome wide study available to other researchers. The general fear is that data (and sample) sharing might result in misuse and violate approval that has been given for specific studies. For all parties this sets a limit on the value of results and is contrary to the academic principles that see the sharing of research outcomes as fundamental to the growth of scientific knowledge. This point is highly relevant to the common interests shared by researchers in the current era of genome sequencing. Can projects really be presented as focused on a few specific questions? Even if there is trust between researchers and researched and the scale and purpose of a project is fully understood, results of genome research offer the opportunity to interrogate the genome to answer different questions whether they be medical/health, forensic or ancestry-related questions. Restricted access databases that require a user to declare acceptance of the ethical principles underlying the consent process offer one way forward, but no agreement has yet been reached to put this in place.
• Ancestry-focused genetic research is important to understand evolution of wellness/illness as well as history. However, for some, it is seen as a threat to traditional belief systems. It follows from impositions of other religions during colonization. Many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people retain a strong traditional belief system combined with Christianity, and in the area in which I work, accept the genetic results into their heritage acquired through archaeological and social science [6]. Aboriginal people from the strong language groups of the area are involved in archaeology, management of the Willandra World Heritage Area, health, housing, and education, and express interest in research including the genetic work. There are for a few, fears that genetic research might produce results that erode identity, especially where colonization has imposed separation of families, mixed partnerships, and forced relocation. This is expressed as a fear that Native Title claims might be threatened by genetic research. There is no such requirement as part of the criteria for Native Title claimants [28] and it would not be appropriate as genetic connections of the past do not necessarily equate with the social and cultural connections that resulted in the language groups in specific country at the time of European occupation.
In summary, my view is that geneticists should not be daunted by the complex process one is required to go through to include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in genetic studies. There is currently no other choice but to build effective partnerships and broaden the dialogue with a goal of achieving beneficial outcomes for genetic researchers and researched. To do this, scientists have to be prepared to invest more than their expertise in genetics to work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. They need to build appropriate teams of personnel, nurture relationships, and develop better ways of communicating their intentions and the outcomes of research so that participants can see the benefits that might flow without infringing human rights. They also need to be prepared for delays and possible refusal but only with perseverance and honesty will collaborative relationships be forged. The message has to be clear that, unlike practices of the past where indigenous peoples were patronisingly singled out as 'interestingly different', the focus is to include and not to exclude them from what should be research that recognizes their survival, resilience, and the role of genetics in shaping wellness.
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Authors' information
The author is currently a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia. Prior to 2005, research was conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia. Formal studies included anthropology, archaeology, and genetics. Academic and research experience included Australian Aboriginal studies, Aboriginal health and education, medical research, nursing. Genetic research with Aboriginal Australians from the Darling River region of western New South Wales began in 1992 and included extensive ongoing consultation with the communities in the region. Ethical approval to continue work is currently being considered.
Aboriginal people from the Paakintji (Barkindji), Nyemba (Ngiyambaa), Muthi-Muthi, and associated language groups have provided friendship and trust over two decades. Many Aboriginal Australian individuals and those from organizations have enriched a sometimes challenging experience and I thank them for their patience, humor, and insight.
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Analog Design and Simulation using OrCAD Capture and PSpice provides step-by-step instructions on how to use the Cadence/OrCAD family of Electronic Design Automation software for analog design and simulation. Organized into 22 chapters, each with exercises at the end, it explains how to start Capture and set up the project type and libraries for PSpice simulation. It also covers the use of AC analysis to calculate the frequency and phase response of a circuit and DC analysis to calculate the circuits bias point over a range of values. The book describes a parametric sweep, which involves sweeping a parameter through a range of values, along with the use of Stimulus Editor to define transient analog and digital sources. It also examines the failure of simulations due to circuit errors and missing or incorrect parameters, and discusses the use of Monte Carlo analysis to estimate the response of a circuit when device model parameters are randomly varied between specified tolerance limits according to a specified statistical distribution. Other chapters focus on the use of worst-case analysis to identify the most critical components that will affect circuit performance, how to add and create PSpice models, and how the frequency-related signal and dispersion losses of transmission lines affect the signal integrity of high-speed signals via the transmission lines. Practitioners, researchers, and those interested in using the Cadence/OrCAD professional simulation software to design and analyze electronic circuits will find the information, methods, compounds, and experiments described in this book extremely useful.


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I like a lot power metal and stupid things. Remember if life hits u hit the life back. Again trying to get into the flash for 2009; for now drawing, hearing metal n of course playing video games while seeing newgrounds grow! D.L.
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back to topProduct Description
Increase your trolling speed and catch more fish with this swept-back outrigger rod holder from Smith. Strong, stylish, and functional, the highly polished stainless steel holder features a 48" nylon safety strap that lets you fight fish without unlatching the rod. Includes an integral gimbal pin and white vinyl liner to protect rods. For use in metal gunnel rod holders only.
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- Outrigger Fits Perfect
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Comments about Smith Stainless Steel Outrigger Fishing Rod Holder:
Outrigger installs securely in boat rod holders.
Really puts the pole, line, and, bait at 7' horizontal to boat. Safety belt has just enough footage to exit rod and get into the action. Great high quality product.
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Vascular surgery broadcast
Nearly 12,000 physicians, technicians and other specialists observed UC Davis vascular specialists John R. Laird and Reginald Low, along with some of the world's other leading endovascular interventionalists, perform live surgeries for the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics meeting, the largest interventional cardiology conference in the world.
Operating from the cardiac catheterization labs at UC Davis Medical Center last October, Laird and Low performed a repair of degenerated vein grafts on patients, using newly designed stents. They also used a new laser catheter on two patients with peripheral arterial disease to improve blood flow to the legs and allow them to walk farther without pain.
UC DAVIS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE PUBLIC AFFAIRS 4900 Broadway, Suite #1200 Sacramento, CA 95820 firstname.lastname@example.com
© 2007 UC Regents. All Rights Reserved.


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Read along: Hi, I'm Liz Waid bringing you Spotlight's word of the day. Today's word is ANGEL. This word comes from today's program, ANGEL TREE. The word ANGEL is a NOUN. It means "a spiritual being that serves especially as a messenger from God or as a guardian of human beings." Here's ANGEL in a sentence from today's program: "We made paper angels - red for girls and green for boys - and on each angel we wrote the name and age of a child." Join us tomorrow for another Spotlight word of the day!
over 3 years ago


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7:03 pm
Tue June 29, 2010
Cabinet Meeting Set on Value of New Containment Cap
By Eileen Fleming
New Orleans, La. – BP is planning to put a new containment cap over the leaking well with a tighter seal than the one that's now in place. But officials say oil would pour straight into the Gulf while the switch is underway. Napolitano says secretaries of the Interior and Energy Departments will review alternatives.
"They will be doing an analysis of the second - or the alterative type of containment cap and whether or not that makes sense in light of the amount of oil that could be collected with a third vessel getting ready to hook up."
That hook-up has been delayed by bad weather churning from Tropical Storm Alex south of the well site. The system involving two surface ships has most recently contained about 25,000 barrels a day, while 60,000 barrels may be gushing from the well every day.
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Four hundred years after the King James Version of the Bible was completed in 1611 by the Church of England, it still ranks among the top two or three best-selling translations of Scripture in the United States each month. Just in time for 2011, the KJV 400th Anniversary Bible celebrates this passionate rendering of God's Word, presenting it in a highest quality format for those who love the translation's rich heritage and reverent language. Features include genuine cowhide leather (black), 13 point type, and a giant print concordance. There are also 40 pages of ancillary material related to the 400th anniversary including the original introductory essay to the King James Bible ("Translators to the Reader") and modern essays by Leland Ryken, Jerry Vines, and Ed Blum, each discussing the paramount importance of the KJV in history as well as in modern and future times.FEATURES
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The evidence of a Jewish civilization going back more than two millennia is overwhelmingly borne out in the archaeology of the region. The heritage of the Jews in Palestine is documented.
Jack Schwartz
Our society must make it right and possible for old people not to fear the young or be deserted by them, for the test of a civilization is the way that it cares for its helpless members.
Pearl S. Buck
We may live without poetry, music and art; We may live without conscience and live without heart; We may live without friends; we may live without books; But civilized man can not live without cooks. He may live without books,what is knowledge but grieving? He may live without hopewhat is hope but deceiving? He may live without love,what is passion but pining? But where is the man that can live without dining?
Robert Bulwer Lytton
Books are the carriers of civilization. Without books, history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled, thought and speculation at a standstill.
Barbara W. Tuchman
Books are the carriers of civilization. Without books, history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled, thought and speculation at a standstill. They are engines of change, windows on the world, lighthouses erected in the sea of time.
Barbara W. Tuchman
Individual commitment to a group effort -- that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work.
Vince Lombardi
There's a very big gulf between the black civil rights leadership in America and the black middle class in America. The black middle class are conservative. Many of those minorities can be persuaded to be members of the Republican Party.
Pete du Pont
There is something even more valuable to civilization than wisdom, and that is character
Henry Louis Mencken
If civilization is to survive, we must cultivate the science of human relationships -- the ability of all peoples, of all kinds, to live together, in the same world at peace.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Anglo-Saxon civilization has taught the individual to protect his own rights; American civilization will teach him to respect the rights of others.
William Jennings Bryan
The civil rights movement, owes Bull Connor as much as it owes Abraham Lincoln
John Fitzgerald Kennedy


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A hoard of kids from a school trip said that there was nothing to see, and that the sweet shop was "back that way." So we aborted, and rejoined Andrew and Laura in Lulworth Cove for a cuppa and a generic sticky bun. (By which time the mist had cleared.....)
We meandered awhile there, then adjourned to good old Tesco's for some ingredients so that I could prepare Steak and Guinness pie with green pie and mash for tonight's supper. Which was very nice too, thankyou!
We are now all sitting around having had an evening stroll, still too full and drinking plum brandy procured at a little wine shop in Lulworth. Tomorrow we'll explore the delights of Weymouth!
previous next Entire Holiday


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Testimonials / Customer Letters
Do you have a comment to share? Please let us know what you think! Please e-mail Gudrun and let her know.
Thank you for offering a great peanut-free product. My son has a life-threatening peanut allergy and I have found it increasingly difficult to find high-quality organic peanut-free pellets and seed mixes for our flock. I purchased your product and all seven of my birds (Umbrella Cockatoo, three Caiques, Hahn's Macaw, Sun Conure, and Green Cheek Conure) love your TOP pellets. Now I can feed my birds the best food available without fear of bringing dangerous peanuts into our home. Thank you! Robin
It's a miracle! A pelleted food that my cockatiel and budgies will eat! I have tried nearly every pellet on the market, or at least 8 or 9 so far. I've tried the gradual conversion trick, the mirror trick, sneaking pellets into their oatmeal, and creating Australian grassland habitats on the bottom of the cage, complete with sprouted wheatgrass. Nothing worked until I tried TOPS. I offered one to my cockatiel and he ate it, no tricks involved, and asked for more. It's been several weeks, and he still loves them. The budgies like them too. I still give them fresh cooked food for dinner, but now have something that's safe to leave in their cage all day without spoiling. It's nice to finally have pellets that get eaten, not thrown away. Thanks for saving my sanity! Terry
My order arrived yesterday ... always in impressive condition as your packing job & labeling of "fragile" is so extremely wonderful! Goodness gracious, I wish more business folk were as efficient & sharp as you!!!! Not only is your Customer Service first-class ... but your shipping / packing of product is the best I've ever seen. Thank you for your great care in doing so ... AND for using paper for packing, as it is recyclable! Janis
I want to say that I am really happy with the TOP ingredients and the fact that my dusky conure really enjoys the pellets and seed mix. He loves to hold the pellets in his foot and gets very excited when I refill his dish! I appreciate having organic food for my parrot since I try to eat organic food myself if possible. Honestly, I wish I ate as healthy as he does Thanks! Dena Montgomery
Hey there,
I saw you speak at the Bird Club meeting a while back, and picked up some of the pellets and seeds. They went through them pretty fast, so we picked up a huge bag shortly after that. Well since then it has turned into our 2 green-cheek conures favorite food! I used to refill the bowl once or twice a week. And now I'm doing it just about every day.
We have several bowls of pellets/seeds and they are free to choose what they want. We also do a bowl of fresh veggies every day, and they often skip past it to get to the totally organics pellets.
Thank you for this awesome healthy snack to add to their play area... they love it. And I'm happy to buy it in bulk over at the Bizee Bird store in Beaverton, it's perfect for me :)
Hi, I can't believe I finally found a pellet my U2, CAG and Sun Conure will eat!!! Thank you so much for your great product!! Do you sell pellets for smaller birds? I also have a cockatiel and lovebird. Thanks again, you found a steady customer!!! Karen :) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Since Lenny has had your pellets in his bowl again, his yellow "stress bars" are starting to go away.
Greetings, First, let me tell you that I have two rescue cockatiels and they LOVE, LOVE, LOVE your pellets. They were very hard core seed eaters and refused every pellet I tried. But from the first day that I put TOPS in their bowls, they dug in!
I just received the email about your new book. Will it be coming out as an eBook?
Thank you for all you do. Blessings, Kym Keeley -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Thanks for your help, I got the bird food just in the knick of time! My african grey loves this stuff!
Gudrun, I'm almost finished with your book. THANK YOU! Even the skeptics should be able to read and apply. Let's hope! Ann
Ok, here's proof!! PICKY eaters will indeed LOVE this product! Thank you so much for all your help and support in keeping my fids in tip, top shape!!! *HUGS* Crystal BYRDBELL COMPANY Unique & Affordable Parrot Toys
Hi Gudrun,
Got the TOP's yesterday and tried them today, boy do they ever smell and taste "green"! (yes, I taste everything that is to go into the beaks) Smokey dug right in and ate his entire ration, and although Frankie was skeptical at first when I put a few on top of her grains and veggie lunch bowl she ate them all too. So far the only hold out is Chico, which is not unusual she often takes a while to try new things. So I have to say a success for us!
Anne and the Grey Feathers
Dear Gudrun,
I can't thank you enough for your most excellent product! I hope you continue to grow and expand your line of wonderful food products. A pleasure to do business with you, will be ordering again in the very near future!!
Thanks again,
Well, I have to tell you I put some of your pellets in with the Harrisons and Widgeon ate them first! He loved them! I had no problem feeding your pellets to him. NONE!!! This amazed me. You have a convert in me! Your pellets are terrific! Widgeon devours your pellets. He even leaves his seeds alone and eats your pellets.
Joyce --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I just wanted to tell you that my Quaker loves your TOP pellets. My Eclectus "sorta" chews on them, but he has never eaten ANY pellets since he was a baby. They had started him on colored **** fruit-flavored pellets and I took him off those. He has never eaten pellets of ANY kind since then. Donna -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I want let you know how much I enjoyed receiving your new organic pellets. (TOP Organic Bird Pellets) My cockatiel, who is a very picky eater, actually devours them! It's the first pellet any of my birds have touched. We are working on getting the Senegal to eat them but the 'tiel really needed the nutrition as he has been doing some plucking. I'm not sure if it has anything to do with it, but he has not been plucking since a few days after he began eating the pellets! Thank you for giving us an affordable choice of pellets.
Maureen -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I am thrilled with your new organic pellet food (TOP Pellets) for parrots- or I should say all my parrots are delighted. I have had parrots for over 25 years, and this is the first food that all my birds immediately liked.
Rosie (our youngest 2yr.- hybrid Amazon); Peppie (African grey 10yrs.) ; Gonzoo (umbrella cockatoo 10yrs.); Peg Leg- (red wing blue front Amazon 33 yrs.) and Carmen (red head Amazon- 8 yrs.) Over the years I have tried many organic pelleted food- and with all new food it would take at least 3 to 4 days for the birds to gradually accept the new food. This was not the case with your parrot food- when I opened your parrot food it smelled sweet and very fresh- but the biggest surprise was that ALL my birds loved it. I did not have to gradually introduce the new food to them. I am absolutely thrilled with your new parrot food.
It is a pleasure ordering from you - your knowledge of birds and friendliness can't be beat.
Thank you again, Elaine Kosty League City, Texas


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Well, to be on ESPN Classic,
they're going to have to dig through the best of his woulda, coulda, shoulda bouts as those are the ones that bring back the fondest memories. The one where he stopped Margarito on cuts is my favorite with the KO of Mosley second. |
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Nah, they were classic battles no doubt, but just something about seeing Margarito get stopped due to cuts from the pillow fisted Floyd is more endearing. I mean, don't get me wrong, I love they way he ran through both Miguel and Paul in 6 rounds total, but nothing was better than seeing a cheater get sliced to ribbons by the swiftness of Mayweathers gloves. Even though Paul Williams threw 345 punches in 3 rounds, landing only 4, 2 of which were after the bell in round one, seeing Floyd put on that defensive display left me speechless. |
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After some pondering, experimenting, and starting another round of Mass Effect (like that's really a hardship), I am pleased to present my own take on the game, with a bit of a twist thrown in.
That twist was inspired by the Ciaphas Cain series (by Sandy Mitchell); one of many, many books linked to a tabletop miniature game called Warhammer 40,000. The title character, Ciaphas Cain, is widely regarded as a Hero of the Imperium. Problem is... he doesn't want to be one. He feels heroes have a disturbing tendency to get into the sort of trouble that is hazardous to life and limb, and wants to avoid such hazards whenever possible. Unfortunately, some people think he really is a hero who thrives on danger, and "volunteer" him for hazardous missions. So, he tries to find assignments that appear dangerous, but are supposedly safe, easy and boring. Either way, he usually finds himself in yet another situation that threatens life and limb... and somehow survives. Which further convinces everyone else that he's a Hero, which increases his chances of getting sucked into even more dangerous encounters... it's a very vicious cycle. Clearly, the universe has a warped sense of humor. The only saving grace is that everyone thinks he's a hero, which provides a few nifty perks every now and then. Similarly, this Commander Shepard kinda accidentally stumbled into doing something that looked heroic, things swelled WAY out of proportion, and now he's stuck with the label of Hero. And that's before visiting a "charming peaceful bit of paradise" on a "routine shakedown cruise."
In addition, the Ciaphas Cain series is arranged as a bunch of memoirs that were edited by another individual. These edits, in the form of explanatory footnotes and occasional excerpts from other sources, provide background information or perspectives that the reader might otherwise be unaware of. I'll be following a similar format in this fanfic, right down to the editorial comments and footnotes. Hopefully, it'll be a fun read. Who knows: you might find out something that wasn't ripped straight out of the Codex.


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A California teen named Taylor is calling for a Girl Scout Cookies boycott due to the nonprofit's transgender policies. In October 2011, the Girl Scouts of America permitted a 7-year-old boy who identified as a girl to join a Colorado troop; Taylor, herself a Girl Scouts member, thinks this choice was wrong.
"Girl Scouts describes itself as an all-girl experience," Taylor said in a YouTube video. "With that label, families trust that the girls will be in an environment that is not only nurturing and sensitive to girls' needs, but also safe for girls." Taylor closes her video, which appears below, with a link to the Honest Girl Scouts website.
The decision to include transgender children in Girl Scouts troops is a controversial one. For its part, Girl Scouts of America said in a statement, "Acceptance of transgender youth is handled on a case-by-case basis, with the welfare and best interests of the child in question as a top priority."
Do you support Taylor's call for a Girl Scout cookies boycott? Should the Girl Scouts admit transgender children?
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Makes me want to go out and buy a truckload of cookies! I applaud the Girl Scouts of America for their inclusion of transgender children and teens!
Makes me want to go out and buy a truckload of cookies! I applaud the Girl Scouts of America for their inclusion of transgender children and teens!
Sandi--me too! How refreshing to find a national group like this that doesn't discriminate first, then backtrack later. I can't help but wonder about the teen who is protesting. I encourage my girls to be inclusive and nonjudgmental, to keep an open mind. Isn't it narcissistic to think that your view is the only right one, particularly if it is discriminatory?
I love the new graphic with your article--the boxes of cookies are a much better tie-in to this story! :) Kudos!
My daughter's cookie order is due Thursday. It looks like I am going to buy more boxes than originally planned. Don't hate on other people just because your unhappy in your own life.
Related Articles
- Mango Creme Sandwich Cookies are the Newest Girl Scout Snack
- Nestle Crunch Thin Mints Girl Scout Cookie is a Limited-Edition Treat
- Girl Scouts Lawsuit Against City of Hazelwood, MO Thrown Out
- Girl Scout Cookie Flavored Lip Balm
- Savannah Smiles are the New Girl Scout Cookie
- Guilt Free Girl Scout Cookies
- Homemade Girl Scout Samoa Cookies
- Cookie Controversy Continues- Girl Scouts Fighting Back
- Maryland Thieves Steal Girl Scouts' Money
- Crumb Bake Shop Debuts Thin Mint Cupcakes for National Girl Scout Cookie Day
Related Recipes
- Peanut Butter Cookie Recipe
- Fusion Spice Cookies
- Happy Call Recipe: Trio Chilli Selar In Just 3 Steps
- Spicy Celery Prawns, Happy Call Recipe
- Pistacio Cake...Almond Financier with pistachios...whatever you call it, it's good...
- Shrimp & Scallop Skewers (some call them kabobs)
- Nice Girls' Chicken Puttanesca
- Not Your Mama's Rice Pudding : The Lazy Girl's Slow Cooker Kheer/ Rice Pudding
- The Lazy Girl's Slow Cooker Rice Pudding
- Christmas Rainbow Cookies
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Craven Drok
102,691pages on
this wiki
this wiki
Craven Drok | |
Gender | Male |
Race | Orc (Humanoid) |
Level | 35 |
Health | 1,342 |
Reaction | Alliance Horde |
Affiliation | Horde Darkspear Rebellion |
Location | Cleft of Shadow, Orgrimmar |
See |
Craven Drok is a wandering orc quest giver located in the Cleft of Shadow[47, 50] in the orcish city of Orgrimmar.
Mists of PandariaEdit
During the Siege of Orgrimmar, Craven was one of the dissident orcs that stood against Garrosh Hellscream and supported the Darkspear Rebellion in defeating the former Warchief and his True Horde. He can be seen in the Shadowdeep Reagents.
- See also: Orgrimmar NPCs
- [30] Alliance Relations


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Utah Heritage Foundation 2011 Heritage Awards @ SLC Masonic Temple May 13 12 Noon
Utah Heritage Foundation honors projects in Salt Lake City, Park City, Helper, Price, Pine Valley, and more that exemplify the best in preservation. We will also give individual awards to George Cannon, St. George, and the LucyBeth Rampton lifetime achievement award to Rob White. More information and tickets at www.utahheritagefoundation.org.
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The Saints will finish out the season without Sean Payton coaching them from the sideline and Mike Florio asks the most important question during his contract dispute with the Saints: When does his contract actually expire?
This video is no longer available. Click here to watch more NBC Sports videos!ProFootballTalk: Who will coach the Saints?
edithpiaf51 says: Dec 20, 2012 7:01 PM
who cares?
purplegreenandgold says: Dec 20, 2012 7:50 PM
who cares?
your team! -
biggestsaintsfanever says: Dec 20, 2012 8:01 PM
I would think the Saints organization and fans care, and since you posted, you do too
edithpiaf51 says: Dec 20, 2012 8:22 PM
I think Payton is disgusting because of the bounty stuff. I rooted for the Saints when they were in the superbowl because I wanted to see them do well especially in light of the hardships in that city since hurricane Katrina (I am a Giants and Broncos fan). Also I liked Drew Brees. However, when that bounty stuff started, that turned me off. Then Brees defends the bounty stuff. The whole thing is unethical.
Dave61548 says: Dec 21, 2012 11:05 AM
You are 100% correct that the thing is unethical, but you have the perpetrators wrong. THe unethical party here is Roger Goodell and the NFL. Every step of the way, their "evidence" has been discredited. The Saints are "guilty" of having a pay for performance system just like every other team in the NFL has (or had).What is disgusting is how many people hear one report and blindly believe that 100% and totally ignore everything that comes after that.


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Executive Education Home |
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Companion program to Advanced Risk Management Analysis
In an era of downsizing, consolidation, shrinking budgets, increasing technological sophistication, and pressure to do more with less faster, effective risk management has become a crucial project management skill.
Join Darin Hendry, Supervisor of Ameren Transmission Capital & Risk Management, to learn the basics of proactive risk management. This workshop focuses on how to use various tools and techniques to
long before they become issues that can adversely affect project cost, performance, and schedule. Darin also includes valuable information on effective strategies for discussing risks with key stakeholders.
Risk Management Techniques and its companion program, Advanced Risk Management Analysis have been scheduled for two consecutive days, Thursday and Friday, April 3 and 4, 2014.
Date: | Thursday, April 3, 2014 |
Time: | 8:00 A.M. - 4:30 P.M. |
Location: | SIUE Main Campus, Edwardsville, IL |
Instructor: | Darin Hendry, PMP Ameren Missouri |
Credits: | 7 Contact Hours/PDUs |
Fee: | $250 (Includes continental breakfast, lunch, & parking) |
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Call 618-650-5440 to register by phone. |
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If you register and pay for a course and then withdraw a one week or more before the start date of the course, a full refund of the course fee less an administrative fee of $50 will be made.
If cancellation occurs less than one week before the start date of the course, no refund of the course fee will be made; however, at the discretion of the Director of Executive Education Programs, the course fee may be applied to a subsequent offering of the same or similar course with a course fee that is at least equal to the cost of the original course. If the course fee of a subsequent course exceeds the amount paid for the original course, the difference in the course fee amounts must be paid in full prior to the start of the subsequent course. An approved substitution must occur within one calendar year of the original course.


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LMS fun run needs sponsors
The fourth annual Elf Chase is coming soon to Langley Middle School. And the 5K fun run/walk needs sponsors at $100 and $50 levels.
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Vincent D'Onofrio |
Det. Robert Goren |
Kathryn Erbe |
Det. Alexandra Eames |
Jamey Sheridan |
Capt. James Deakins |
Courtney B. Vance |
A.D.A. Carver |
Gregg Edelman |
Boyce Wainwright |
Guest Star |
Ron Orbach |
Devon Gehry |
Guest Star |
John Speredakos |
Martin Nikos |
Guest Star |
Leslie Hendrix |
Dr. Elizabeth Rodgers |
Recurring Role |
Ron Carver: He gives new meaning to giving until it hurts.
Robert Goren: He gives because he hurts.
(After a suspect gives him an expensive pen.)
Alex Eames: You'll have to send it back to him.
Robert Goren: Yeah, I know. I just wanted to see how much he enjoyed giving it away.
Alex Eames: It didn't look like he enjoyed it at all.
Robert Goren: It's as if he was compelled. As if giving was serious business, deadly serious. I wonder how offended he would be if he knew his gift was being squandered?
Alex Eames: He's not saying much of anything anymore. Somebody performed brain surgery on him with a .357 Magnum.
Ron Carver: Wainwright's planning another donation?
Alex Eames: He's the gift that just keeps giving.
(After hearing one too many theories.)
James Deakins: I'm gettin' tired of sentences that start with "maybe".
S 10 : Ep 8
Aired 6/26/11
S 10 : Ep 7
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S 10 : Ep 6
Aired 6/12/11
S 10 : Ep 5
Aired 6/5/11
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Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
Bicyclken_at_TeacherArtExchange Date: Thu Mar 27 2003 - 19:04:41 PST
Very nice plaster pieces and I think that the scratch art is good and very controlled for that level. Good Job.
Ken Schwab
Art teacher, Leigh high school, San Jose, CA website: Leigh Art


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No one on the Internet seems to know the provenance of this Russian video uploaded to YouTube on June 8, featuring a man in a wheelchair being pushed by his dog friend through a flooded street.
This gives a brand new meaning to "man's best friend," doesn't it?
Via Neatorama