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As soon as I walked in I felt a tad uncomfortable, as though even sneezing might elicit an abraded glare. The restaurant's space is quite formidable, featuring a large and glamorous inner dining room and a swanky lounge area. I've often heard Le Cirque casually referred to as "Le Jerk", since your seating arrangement can largely depend on social mannerisms. Well known socialites, for example, are always seated in the main dining hall, while those of "lower class" might be seated behind the lounge area. Luckily, Zara and I did not experience such treatment and were seated at a magnificent table in the main dining room.
Upon being seated we were greeted with a diverse bread basket and waiter wearing a full suit and tie. I particularly enjoyed the olive ficelle, while Zara preferred the foccacia.
For her appetizer, Zara selected the pheasant tagliatelle. I cannot find the exact description online, but these were lovely dense pillows of meaty comfort. The perfect food for a raw winter night.
For my entree I selected the hamachi tataki, a more summery dish. I was impressed by the generous serving of fish and even more impressed by the wonderfully brueleed grapefruit. The sugar crystallized on the citrus, complimenting the bitter fruit well. The grapefruit foam, however, added nothing to the dish's flavor and felt rather superfluous.
For her entree Zara selected the salmon with salsified mushrooms and a grape jus. The mushrooms were nice and meaty, but the actual salmon was a rather bland affair. Zara did, however, request it "well done" and I usually order it medium rare or rare.
For my entree I selected the daurade fillet upon recommendation of the waiter. The daurade was served over pureed gigante beans in a tarragon, yogurt, cucumber sauce. The fish was well cooked, with a perfectly crisped skin, but the dish simply felt boring. If you go to Le Cirque, go expecting classic French cuisine and not a transcendent meal.
For dessert we shared the chocolate canelloni
and the baba au rhum, just to be tres francais
I'm not a huge rum fan, so I didn't expect to enjoy this dessert, but ended up being pleasantly surprised. The cake was super moist (as to be expected when doused in a liquidy substance and surrounded by cream) and had a nice whipped cream/candied fruit filling.
Restaurant Week: Le Cirque
{ 4 comments… read them below or add one }
- February 23, 2011 at 11:34 pm
i love the idea of a restaurant week (i think i say this every year). i should look into whether PVD has one…i'm sure it does.
when i first read the blog title i thought cirque du soleil…oops!
- February 24, 2011 at 1:33 am
Yum, that place looks good. Sorry it wasn't everything you expected it to be but still looks like a fun place!
Hope you are feeling better girl, hate HATE being sick, that's no fun – espc in the throws of school!!
- February 24, 2011 at 11:43 am
I went to an ex-boyfriend's sister's bat mitzvah at le cirque and remember being super impressed with the food, but that was a LONG time ago before I had any kind of good taste at all whatsoever…so it's hard to say! At least you got to try it without breaking the bank!
- February 24, 2011 at 12:22 pm
I'm dying to go to Le Cirque just to try their symphony of desserts- I hear it's amazing!!
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Briefing paper 'On the European workforce for health'
Lethbridge, Jane (2009) Briefing paper 'On the European workforce for health'. Discussion Paper. PSIRU, London, UK.
| PDF - Published Version Download (314kB) | Preview |
Official URL: http://www.psiru.org/reports/2009-04-H-workforce.d...
A critique of the EC report 'On the European Workforce for Health', together with workshop conclusions.
Item Type: | Monograph (Discussion Paper) |
Additional Information: | A report commissioned by the European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU). |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | health workforce, health sector, Europe, European Commission, Green Paper, critique |
Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HB Economic Theory H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare |
School / Department / Research Groups: | School of Business > Department of International Business & Economics School of Business School of Business > Public Services International Research Unit |
Related URLs: | |
Last Modified: | 31 Mar 2011 18:21 |
URI: | http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/2878 |
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Home > Video & More > Video Details
Scientists are trying to determine whether these features are solid moonlets that help control the ring or just loose clumps of particles within the ring.
The images in this sequence were acquired in visible light using the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on April 13, 2005, at a distance of approximately 1.2 million kilometers (700,000 miles) from Saturn. Image scale is about 7 kilometers (4 miles) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging operations center is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.
For more information about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov . The Cassini imaging team homepage is at http://ciclops.org .
Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute


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For Immediate Release
London, UK - 8th June 2012 - Steel Media Ltd
If you were wondering what the best reviewed Android games and apps on the web last month were, here's the Android Quality Index ( Qi) round-up for May to fill you in.
The Android Quality Index boasts over 200,000 scores from the world's best websites, such as AppStorm, Life of Android, and Pocket Gamer, and uses a unique metric to create a single definitive score for each Android title.
Here are May 2012's top selections...
Quality Index Top 10 Android games May 2012
GAME NAME | PUBLISHER | Qi | |
1 | Spoing | games2be | 10 |
2 | Civilization War | GameZen | 9.4 |
3 | Lunar Racer | Noodlecake Studios | 9.4 |
4 | Trainyard | Noodlecake Studios | 9.2 |
5 | Lil' Kingdom | Glu Mobile | 9.1 |
6 | Jazz: Trump's Journey | Bulkypix | 8.7 |
7 | Delver | Priority Interrupt | 8.7 |
8 | Machinarium | Hothead Games | 8.6 |
9 | Pix'n Love Rush | Bulkypix | 8.6 |
10 | New Star Soccer | New Star Games | 8.6 |
Quality Index Top 10 Android apps to May 2012
APP NAME | PUBLISHER | Qi | |
1 | My Move | Advanced Interactive | 10 |
2 | Fresh Leaves | maxelus.net | 9.8 |
3 | OneBusAway | Joulespersecond.com | 9.3 |
4 | Desktop VisualizeR | Bii | 9.3 |
5 | CalcTape Smart Calculator | SFR Software | 9.3 |
6 | Galaxy - FREE Chat | Mobstudio | 9.2 |
7 | ssLauncher | chYK | 9.2 |
8 | Snaptastic (Photo Editor) | MCurrent | 9.2 |
9 | PhotoCircle | Circle 38 | 9.2 |
10 | BabyBump Pregnancy Free | Alt12 Apps | 9.1 |
(N.B. The monthly games chart is based on titles released and reviewed in the last month. The apps chart is based on titles reviewed over the last three months. Hence, this is not a cumulative chart and earlier released titles may have higher scores.)
Android users were spoilt for choice last month, with a large number of high-quality games landing on Google Play during the past four weeks. Springing straight into the top spot is elasticated platform puzzler Spoing, which leapt over all obstacles to become Android Qi's highest-rated chart entry for May. Meanwhile, social strategy title Civilization War has had players competing for victory on the international battleground - via a series of touchscreen menus, of course. Lunar Racer also made an impression on the surface of the Top 10, leaving a trail of moondust in its wake as it sped to a third-place finish.
Convenience was the theme of May's highest-rated Android apps. Relocation assistant My Move gained plaudits for its collection of removal companies, cost estimate calculator, and note-taking facilities. For everyday travel, tracking app OneBusAway has found favour with Seattle commuters and Android app critics as an easy way to monitor the public transportation situation. And to make the most of your smartphone's virtual real estate, Desktop VisualizeR's home screen customisation suite has given users the chance to create their own shortcuts and widgets, a service which has proved the catalyst for over a million downloads already.
We'll continue to provide an updated listing each and every month, together with a round-up of the year. For all the up-to-date information on which games, apps, and publishers are reviewing best, head on over to the Android Quality Index now.
Know of a great reviews site that should be included?
If you own or know a reputable apps review site that should be added to the Quality Index, then pop along to our instructions for getting listed.
Notes to editors:
About Steel Media
Steel Media is a leading mobile consumer technology publisher based in the UK. With a team boasting over 50 years of experience in consumer and contract publishing, the company currently publishes Europe's biggest mobile and handheld gaming website PocketGamer.co.uk, the leading mobile games industry portal PocketGamer.biz, and consumer friendly mobile entertainment site PocketPicks.co.uk. Steel Media also runs the iPhone Alliance and Smartphone Alliance advertising networks, syndicates content to mobile operators and handset manufacturers, and provides a range of editorial, design, and other contract publishing services to a number of leading blue chip brands.
For further information on the Pocket Gamer network or Steel Media, contact MD Chris James.


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2014 22 (ft.) Sanger 215-XTZ
Inactive - This listing is not for sale at this time
General Information
Listing# 146718
- Price
- Call For Price
- Location
- Coeur d'Alene, ID, United States
- Manufacturer
- Sanger
- Boat Type
- Powerboat
- Model Year
- 2014
- Category
- Ski and Wakeboard Boats
- Model
- Status
- New
- Length
- 22 (ft.)
- Beam
- 8
- Hull Material
- Fiberglass
- Fuel Type
- unleaded
- Number of Engines
- 1
- Engine Type
- V Drive
General Details
NEW 2014!! SURF EDITION! SURF PLATES! INSANE NEW REVERSE SANGER TOWER,YELLOW AND BLACK FULL TILT GELCOAT GRAPHICS, Includes Zero Off Speed Control, Triple Ballast, Stainless Steel Package, Black Bimini Top, Ipod Jack Stereo system, and Trailer. POWERED BY A 335HP INDMAR CAT V-DRIVE! The V215 fosters solid wakeboarding performance that can be highlighted with the Wake Series Package, yet the slalom wakes are soft enough to be worthy of the most advanced skier. Incredible style and comfort is plentiful with the large 96 inch beam. Spacious seating is provided by the wrap-around lunge seating. The rear facing observer's seat provides comfort and abundant storage. Olinger Marine located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Selling wakeboard and waterski and deckboats boats daily across the country; Centurion, Sanger, Supreme, MasterCraft, Nautique, Nordic, Eliminator, Baja, Supra, Malibu, MB Sports, Tige, Calabria, Maxum, Bayliner, Seaswirl, Four Winns, Cobalt, Chaparral, Formula, Bayliner, Crownline, Reinell, Blue water, Rinker, SeaRay, Moomba, Carver, Voyager Pontoon Boats, and any boat you want us to look for at the best price! . WONT LAST CALL NOW 888-801-6191 We are located in beautiful Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and We specialize in shipping boats to Australia and Canada; we are highly experience in selling boats all across the US; California- CA , Texas - TX , Arizona AZ , Oklahoma - OK , Nevada NV , Oregon OR , Washington WA , Colorado CO , New Mexico NM, Lousiana LA, Utah UT , New York NY, North Carolina NC , South Carolina SC, or any other state in The United States. www.olingermarine.com Monthly payment based on 10% downpayment, 4.99%apr, 240 mnth term, OAC, payment doesn't include sales tax (sales tax rates vary depending state you live in) Sanger's Focus on Quality A craftsman is defined as one who creates or performs with skill or dexterity in the manual arts. At Sanger Boats, craftsmanship is still an art. We still build our wakeboard boats and ski boats with precision and care, one at a time. Every one of our limited production masterpieces take shape in our ten acre facility in the heart of California's central valley. The climate in this area has proven to be the perfect blend of heat and humidity for producing the world's finest boats. Each boat is rigged by one individual. This ensures that no function was missed, unlike mass production facilities. Almost all of our small parts are built under one roof, to ensure that you receive the best quality that money can buy. Little details like through-bolted motor mounts and bilge pumps that are mounted to aluminum plates ensure the manufacturing integrity. These are just a few samples of our quality that separates Sanger Boats apart from the competition. You won't find us spending big bucks in expensive magazines or sponsoring high-price athletes to gain market share. We depend on the thousands of satisfied customers and our reputation, thus saving you thousands of dollars and allowing us to focus on what we do best, building the best quality boats for an affordable price. - SOLD!


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Forums >Gears and Wears>Vibram Five Fingers
any idea why they mention "pose running" as opposed to just "running"?
The Pose Method® proposes to teach running as a skill with its own theory, concepts, and exercises. In the Pose Method® it is assumed that running technique is the same for all athletes regardless of speed or distance. The human organism exists and develops in the gravitational field, and should stay within a certain biomechanical framework, in which limits are appropriate for the full utilization of the effect of gravity. It is also assumed, that any movement is built on an infinite number of poses or positions, through which the body goes in space and time. Fortunately, in running, there is only one pose, which we call the Running Pose.
Runners run.
CPT Curmudgeon
You'll ruin your knees!
""...the truth that someday, you will go for your last run. But not today—today you got to run." - Matt Crownover (after Western States)
http://www.posetech.com/pose_method/ Anyone else's "Bulls### alert" going off too?
madness baby
Needs more cowbell!
• Do some dus...and some CX...and some tandem gravel...and some podiums...
• PRs
• 130#s (or less)
Imminent Catastrophe
"Able to function despite imminent catastrophe"
"To obtain the air that angels breathe you must come to Tahoe"--Mark Twain
"The most common question from potential entrants is 'I do not know if I can do this' to which I usually answer, 'that's the whole point'.--Paul Charteris, Tarawera Ultramarathon RD.
√ Tahoe Rim Trail 100M 19/20 July 2014
Georgia Death Race 14 March 2015
Boston Marathon 20 April 2015


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Setting up Windows You must set your Windows system locale to English, or else you may get build errors about "The file contains a character that cannot be represented in the current code page." Setting up the environment for Visual Studio 2013 You must build with Visual Studio 2013 Update 4, no other versions are supported. You must have Windows 7 x64 or later. x86 OSs are unsupported. Step 1: Get depot_tools. Step 2: Follow the appropriate path below:
For Developers > How-Tos >


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Or is that the guardian? Either way, here's a short gallery of pictures people sent in of odd grammar on signs and whatnot in that neck of the woods:
http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksb ... n-pictures
There are links to others at the end of this one.
I'm of the opinion that the movie on, the ET take-off, is intentional. Does anyone else see it that way?
Bad Grammar from The Guardian
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Bad Grammar from The Guardian
Life is like playing chess with chessmen who each have thoughts and feelings and motives of their own.
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September 10, 2012 Israel, not its enemies, would initiate war this year, ex-military intel chief Yadlin says |
If Israel goes to war this year it will be initiated by Israel and not one of its enemies, the country's former head of military intelligence told a counterterrorism conference. Maj.-Gen. Amos Yadlin also said Monday at the 12th annual Counter-Terrorism Conference at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya that Israel will "need the United States and the world" for political, economic and military support in the months and years after a strike on Iran's nuclear facilities. "If we get to the junction where we have to choose between a bomb and bombing, I am of the opinion that bombing is less of a strategic threat," Yadlin said, according to The Jerusalem Post. "But the question is, have we reached that junction or is there a third, less dangerous path?" He added that even if Iran has all of the material needed to make a nuclear bomb, it will still take at least a year for scientists to put it together and that it would not be launched at Israel, Ynet reported. Yadlin acknowledged that the international community "failed to stop Iran over the past decade." He said "The State of Israel is a very strong country both militarily and economically, and it can face any challenge." |
JewishJournal.com is produced by TRIBE Media Corp., a non-profit media company whose mission is to inform, connect and enlighten community © Copyright 2015 Tribe Media Corp. |


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Pretty Little Liars Season 5: Five Things We Want For Spencer
In the long, hard months of the Pretty Little Liars hiatus, we like to take the time to reflect on our hopes and dreams...for our favorite characters. Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario) definitely falls into that category. Here are five things we want for Spencer in Season 5. A season without any breakdowns. It's not that we don't enjoy seeing Spencer fall over the edge — no one tells it like it is like a spiraling Spencer — but give this girl a break. In Season 3, it was the mental break caused by Toby's seeming betrayal in death. In Season 4, it was a relapse in her addiction to study pills. We'd like to see an entire season in which we're not worried about Spencer's well-being (well, other than the obvious and ever-present threat from "A"). A serious heart-to-heart with Toby. Are we the only ones who feel like Toby and Spencer still have a lot to talk about? Maybe it happened off-screen, but we still have lots of questions concerning Toby's time on the "A" Team. We're also not sure why he took off for London in the season finale. If we were Spencer, we'd have some questions for her boyfriend (following by some shirtless hugging). More nerd references. Spencer's nerd references may just be one of our favorite things ever. In Season 4, she went off on a Cicero College student for implying she is a Lannister (from Game of Thrones). She replies: "I could give you the entire Targaryen speech from the end of season one, but I will not waste my breath." We're thinking Spencer should up her nerd cred in Season 5 by referencing at least two of the following: Doctor Who, Star Trek, Harry Potter, Star Wars, or The Avengers. Another GoT reference wouldn't go amiss, either. Some Ali squabbles. No one squabbles like Spencer and Ali! In many ways, they have a classic sibling relationship. They challenge one another, pushing each other to the brink, but in the end, they love one another. With Ali back in town, we'd like to see these two former (current?) besties work through their issues with some sharp-tongued squabbles and maybe a few heartfelt admissions, too. Hastings family time! There will never be enough scenes with the Hastings family, especially all of them together, which rarely seems to happen (probably because they have such a big house). There's the potential for some serious Hastings time early in Season 5 given that all of the Hastings were in town for the Season 4 finale, and we think they have some apologizing to do. Spencer's parents have spent the last few years thinking their daughter killed her best friend. Perhaps, a family game night wouldn't go amiss? What do you want for Spencer in Season 5? Share your suggestions in the comments below!


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Older Boats-How Long will they Last?
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Originally Posted by
Fiberglass boats have a life between 25 and 40 years depending on how well they've been cared for and how many waves they've pounded through. Wooden boats can last longer but usually don't because they require more mantience and once they start sliping they are more expensive to catch up with.
All boats start to get harder and more expensive to keep up as they age. Everything from the mounting bolts for the rudder, to the sheaves in the mast head have a life span. As all the parts start failing it gets expensive to keep replacing them.
If the boat is currently 40 years old, you need to be asking how much time and money do you want to be spending refitting and repairing your boat, as compared to sailing.
What A load of crap, with a capital C, in reality no one knows, no boat has been sunk because of osmosis, no boat has been given an expiration date. We just dont know, there are enough 40 year old boats out there that are still in their prime. They would be a joy to own and sail many being over built as it has only been recently that due to cost restraints have the builders built to a minimum. To say that from 25yrs on they have had it or are about to fall apart, is just plain stupid.
Ericson 39B
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Tuesday a 1.7, Wednesday a 1.8 and Thursday a 1.9 adults 18-49 rating for The Tonight Show in the 25 local Nielsen markets, well outdistancing Letterman and Late Show's 1.1 rating. But though we don't receive the info, we did see elsewhere that although Conan crushed Dave in adults 18-49 on Wednesday, Letterman still had a comfortable lead in households tuning in Wednesday night. So we shouldn't infer from these early numbers that Conan recaptured the viewership lead.
Conan Crushes Letterman (Yet Again) With Adults 18-49 on Thursday
Categories: 1-Featured,Late Night TV Ratings


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The makers of NUTRO® ULTRA™ Food for Dogs have been committed to a holistic and natural nutritional philosophy of creating dog food for your pet that is made with the best and most natural ingredients. We know that your dogs are members of your family—and they deserve nothing but the best.
At ULTRA™, our holistic nutritional philosophy is simple: we only use nature's only very best natural and ingredients. We carefully select our ingredients from farmers we know and trust, and never outsource manufacturing. We believe in natural. Natural is good. Nutritious. Pure.
Our IngredientsAt ULTRA™it's not just about the best, super-premium ingredients, but the right combination of them. Our ULTRASSENTIAL® Superfood Blend is a nutritional powerhouse with optimal combination of antioxidants, whole fibers, and proteins. With these natural, ingredients working together, they increase their strength by providing a vast array of nutrients that work in concert to help give your dog a long and healthy life.


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P/Kaufmann taps Sanderson for design
May 30, 2008
-- Home Textiles Today,New York – Julie Sanderson has joined P/Kaufmann as vp, director of print design for the P/Kaufmann division.
Sanderson spent the past 11 years at Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia where she was senior vp, design director for textiles. She headed the soft home design for programs including Kmart, Sears Canada, Zellers and Macy's.
She succeeds Julie Wilsker, who has retired. Sanderson reports to Ron Kaufmann, ceo.


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Fava beans make great hummus that can be served with pita bread or fresh vegetables. I prefer favas to chickpeas; they don't need to be presoaked and make a smoother hummus. I used to buy mine at high-end, gourmet supermarkets until I found them for a fraction of the price in the Hispanic aisle of a local store. The expensive ones aren't any better so don't drive the extra miles or fork over the extra cash for the fancy packaging. Just make sure you get the ones that have already been shelled, otherwise they'd have to be soaked and peeled before cooking.
1 1/2 cups dried, shelled fava beans, picked over and rinsed
1 clove garlic
Sun Oven Vegetarian Chili with Chard
Swiss chard has been on sale lately at my local grocery store. It happens to be one of my favorite vegetables and I'm always looking for new ways to cook it. I adapted this vegetarian chili recipe from one I found on epicurious.com. Previously cooked dry black beans can be used instead of canned. If you're not going to serve straight out of the Sun Oven wait until mealtime to add the chard. When you're ready to eat, gently bring the chili to a simmer on the stovetop, stir in the Swiss chard and let it cook for about 4 minutes.
Solar Black Bean Chili with Butternut Squash and Swiss Chard
2 tablespoons olive oil
2 onions, chopped (about 2 and 1/2 cups)
3 garlic cloves, chopped
More Soup from the Sun Oven
The bacon adds flavor to this rich soup but can be omitted for a vegetarian version. It's added after the beans have been cooking for a while and I often forget. I like it either way.
Sun Oven Cuban Black Bean Soup
1 pound dried black beans, picked over, rinsed, soaked overnight, and drained
5 cups water
1 large onion, diced
3 celery stalks, diced
4 cloves garlic, minced
1 jalapeño pepper, seeded and diced
1 tablespoon paprika
Hearty Solar Soup
Split peas don't need to be presoaked making them ideal for the Sun Oven when the weather forecast is uncertain. I managed to throw this soup together with ingredients I had on hand despite the fact that I wasn't planning on doing any solar cooking today.
Solar Curried Split-Pea Soup
1 pound dried yellow split peas, picked over and rinsed
1 small onion, diced
2 medium carrots, diced
2 stalks celery, diced
Solar Chicken Stew
The sun came out today and it looks like it's here to stay for a while. I took advantage of the beautiful day to make a big batch of chicken that should be enough for a few meals. It depends how hungry Mark is when he gets home; he forgot to take his lunch today.
This recipe is a variation of one of our favorites – Solar Braised Chicken with Tomatoes and Olives – and can be served with rice, couscous, or a good crusty bread. Now that the days are getting shorter it's probably best to cook the beans a day ahead or used canned. I have to confess that I cheated and cooked mine in my pressure cooker early this morning so I could get the chicken in the Sun Oven as soon as possible.
Solar Braised Chicken with Butternut Squash and White Beans
1 cup dried white beans (Great Northern, cannellini, or mayacoba) previously cooked and drained.
1 whole chicken cut into 8 pieces
Solar Cookout Roundup
The Sun Oven and backyard cookouts are a match made in heaven. Here are some links to a few of my favorite crowd-pleaser recipes. And don't forget the corn on the cob. Just give it a good wash and put in in the cooking chamber unhusked next to, or on top of, whatever else is in there.
All these recipes can be made in advance. I usually make the pulled pork and the baked beans the day before since they can be easily reheated and kept warm in crock pots. That frees up the Sun Oven for the mac'n'cheese on the day of the cookout.
Soup and Crackers
This recipe makes a big batch of soup. I use a stock pot. It's too big to fit in the Sun Oven with the leveling tray in place, so I remove it and place a rack on the floor of the cooking chamber. This soup freezes well and goes great with the crunchy crackers I made yesterday.
Spicy Solar Black Bean Soup
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 large red onion, chopped
1 red bell pepper, chopped
1 green bell pepper, chopped
4 cloves garlic, minced
Solar Baked Beans
I like this simple recipe for baked beans that I found over at epicurious.com. It has a hint of maple syrup without being overly sweet. It goes great with pulled pork.
Solar Baked Beans
1 pound dry navy beans, picked over and rinsed
1/4 pound piece salt pork, rind discarded*
1 large onion, finely chopped
2 cloves garlic, chopped
New World Pasta Fagioli
Confit may be a way of preserving food, but the batch I made the other day is almost gone, so I didn't get a chance to put it to the test. So far we've had it with pasta (twice), in egg sandwiches along with some of the bacon, and with tonight's twist on a traditional Italian soup. I thought the bacon infused tomatoes would give a bit of an American flair, a sort of Pork 'n' Beans meets Pasta Fagioli.
Pasta Fagioli All'Americana
1 1/2 cups dried cranberry beans, picked over and rinsed
1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil, plus additional for serving
Wheat Berry and Bean Soup
The pleasantly chewy texture of wheat berries makes them a refreshing alternative to rice or pasta in bean soups. I soak them overnight, but I've seen some recipes that skip that step. Get the wheat berries in the Sun Oven early so you'll have plenty of time to make the soup.
Wheat Berry and Cranberry Bean Solar Soup
1 cup dried cranberry beans, picked over and rinsed
1 cup wheat berries
3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 large onion, chopped
2 carrots, chopped
1 celery stalk, chopped
2 garlic cloves, chopped


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Death of Joseph Smith
This article is part of a series on |
Joseph Smith |
The death of Joseph Smith on June 27, 1844, marked a turning point for the Latter Day Saint movement, of which Smith was the founder and leader. When he was attacked and killed by a mob, Smith was the mayor of Nauvoo, Illinois, and running for President of the United States.[1] He was killed while jailed in Carthage, Illinois, on charges relating to his ordering the destruction of facilities producing the Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper whose first and only edition claimed Smith was practicing polygamy and that he intended to set himself up as a theocratic king.[citation needed] Smith voluntarily surrendered to the authorities at the county seat at Carthage to face the charges that he was accused of. While he was in jail awaiting trial an armed mob of men with painted faces stormed the jail and shot him and his brother Hyrum to death. Latter Day Saints generally view Joseph and Hyrum as martyrs.
Incidents leading to the event[edit]
Several of Smith's disaffected associates at Nauvoo and Hancock County, Illinois, joined together to publish a newspaper called the Nauvoo Expositor. Its first and only issue was published June 7, 1844.[2]:v6,p430 Some of these associates alleged that Smith tried to marry their wives. About eight of Smith's wives were also married to other men (four were Mormon men in good standing, who in a few cases acted as a witness in Smith's marriage to his wife) at the time they married Smith. Typically, these women continued to live with their first husband, not Smith. Some accounts say Smith may have had sexual relations with one wife, who later in her life stated that he fathered children by one or two of his wives,[3] although the reliability of these sources is disputed by some Latter Day Saints.[4] DNA investigations performed to date have consistently shown that Smith was not the father of children thought to be his based on written and oral traditions.[5]
In response to public outrage generated by the paper, the Nauvoo city council passed an ordinance declaring the newspaper a public nuisance designed to promote violence against Smith and his followers. They reached this decision after lengthy[specify] discussion, including citation of William Blackstone's legal canon, which included a libelous press as a public nuisance. According to the council's minutes, Smith said he "...would rather die tomorrow and have the thing smashed, than live and have it go on, for it was exciting the spirit of mobocracy among the people, and bringing death and destruction upon us."[6]
Under the council's new ordinance, Smith, as Nauvoo's mayor, in conjunction with the city council, ordered the city marshal to destroy the paper and the press on June 10, 1844. By the city marshal's account, the destruction of the press type was carried out orderly and peaceably. However, Charles A. Foster, a co-publisher of the Expositor, reported on June 12 that additionally to the printing press being destroyed, the group which he dubbed "several hundred minions ... injured the building very materially" as well,[7] although the building was in use for at least another decade.[8]
Smith's critics said that he violated freedom of the press. Some sought legal charges against Smith for the destruction of the press, including charges of inciting riot and treason. Violent threats were made against Smith and the Mormon community. Thomas Sharp, editor of the Warsaw Signal, a newspaper hostile to the Mormons, editorialized:[9]
" | War and extermination is inevitable! Citizens ARISE, ONE and ALL!!!—Can you stand by, and suffer such INFERNAL DEVILS! To ROB men of their property and RIGHTS, without avenging them. We have no time for comment, every man will make his own. LET IT BE MADE WITH POWDER AND BALL!!! | " |
Warrants from outside Nauvoo were brought in against Smith and dismissed in Nauvoo courts on a writ of habeas corpus. Smith declared martial law on June 18[10] and called out the Nauvoo Legion, an organized city militia of about 5,000 men,[11] to protect Nauvoo from outside violence.[10]
Incarceration at Carthage Jail[edit]
Illinois Governor Thomas Ford proposed a trial by a non-Mormon jury in Carthage, the county seat, and guaranteed Smith's safety. Smith originally planned on leaving rather than surrendering but when criticized by some followers was reported to have said, "If my life is of no value to my friends it is of none to myself."[2]:v6,p549 Smith reluctantly agreed and submitted to arrest, and was further quoted as saying "I am going like a lamb to the slaughter; but I am calm as a summer's morning; I have a conscience void of offense towards God, and towards all men. I shall die innocent, and it shall yet be said of me — he was murdered in cold blood."[12]
On June 25, 1844, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, along with the other fifteen city council members and some friends, surrendered to Carthage constable William Bettisworth on the original charge of riot. During the trip to Carthage, Smith reportedly recounted a dream in which he and his brother Hyrum escaped a burning ship, walked on water, and arrived at a great heavenly city—foreshadowing their death.[13] Upon arrival at Carthage, almost immediately Joseph and Hyrum were charged with treason against the state of Illinois for declaring martial law in Nauvoo, by a warrant founded upon the oaths of A. O. Norton and Augustine Spencer. At a preliminary hearing that afternoon the city council members were released on $500 bonds, pending later trial. The judge ordered Joseph and Hyrum Smith to be held in jail until they could be tried for treason, a capital offense.[citation needed]
The Smith brothers and their companions were held at the Carthage Jail, joined there by Willard Richards, John Taylor, and John Solomon Fullmer.[14] Governor Ford left for Nauvoo not long after Smith went to stay at the jail. The anti-Mormon[15] "Carthage Greys", a local militia, were assigned to protect Smith.
Dan Jones, who was present, relayed to Governor Ford several threats against Joseph Smith made by members of the Carthage Greys, all of which were dismissed by Ford.[16]
Before a trial could be held, a mob of about 200 armed men, their faces painted black with wet gunpowder, stormed the jail in the late afternoon of June 27, 1844. As the mob was approaching, the jailer became nervous, and informed Smith of the group. In a letter dated July 10, 1844, one of the jailers wrote that Smith, expecting the Nauvoo Legion, said "Don't trouble yourself ... they've come to rescue me."[17] Smith was unaware that Jonathan Dunham, major general of the Nauvoo Legion, did not dispatch the unit to Carthage to protect him. Allen Joseph Stout later contended that by remaining inactive, Dunham violated an official order written by Smith after he was jailed in Carthage.[18]
The Carthage Greys reportedly feigned defense of the jail by firing shots or blanks over the attackers' heads, and some of the Greys reportedly joined the mob, who rushed up the stairs.[17]
The mob fired shots through the door and attempted to push the door open to fire into the room. Hyrum Smith was shot in the face, just to the left of his nose, throwing him to the floor. He cried out, "I am a dead man!" and collapsed. He died almost immediately.[19]
Joseph Smith, Taylor, and Richards attempted to defend themselves. Taylor and Richards attempted to use walking sticks in order to deflect the guns as they were thrust inside the cell, from behind the door. Smith used a small pepper-box pistol that Cyrus Wheelock gave him when Wheelock visited the jail earlier that day.[20] Three of the six barrels misfired,[21] but the other three shots injured at least three of the attackers.[22]
John Taylor was shot four or five times and was severely injured, but survived. One shot was long believed to have been stopped by his pocket watch, which is on display in the LDS Church History Museum in Salt Lake City. Forensic research by J. Lynn Lyon, M.D., of the University of Utah and LDS historian Glen M. Leonard in 2010 suggests that Taylor's watch was not struck by a ball, but rather broke against the window ledge.[23] Columbia University professor and historian Richard Bushman, the author of the Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling, also supports this view. Richards escaped unscathed as he was pushed behind the door when it was forced open.[citation needed]
After using all of the shots in his pistol, Joseph Smith made his way towards the window. As Smith prepared to jump down, Richards reported that he was shot twice in the back and a third bullet, fired from a musket on the ground outside, hit him in the chest.[2]:v6,p620
Taylor and Richards' accounts both report that as Smith fell from the window, he called out "Oh Lord, my God!". Some have alleged that the context of this statement was an attempt by Joseph Smith to use a Masonic distress signal.[24]
There are varying accounts of what happened next. Taylor and Richards' accounts state that Smith was dead when he landed after his fall. One eyewitness, William Daniels, wrote in his 1845 account that Smith was alive when mob members propped his body against a nearby well, assembled a makeshift firing squad, and shot him before fleeing. Daniels' account also states that one man tried to decapitate Smith for a bounty, but was prevented by divine intervention.[25] There were additional reports that thunder and lightning frightened the mob off.[26] Mob members fled, shouting, "The Mormons are coming," although there was no such force nearby.[27]
Injuries to mob members[edit]
There have been conflicting reports about to what extent members of the mob were injured during the attack, and whether any of them were killed. Shortly after the events occurred, John Taylor wrote that he heard that two of the attackers died when Joseph Smith shot them with his pistol.[2]:v7,p102
Most accounts seem to agree that at least three mob members were wounded by Joseph Smith's gunfire, but there is no other evidence that any of them died as a result of the attack. John Wills was shot in the arm; William Voras was shot in the shoulder; and William Gallaher was shot in the face.[22][28] Others claimed that a fourth unnamed man was also wounded.[29] Wills, Voras, Gallaher, and a Mr. Allen (possibly the fourth man) were all indicted for the murder of Joseph and Hyrum. Wills, Voras, and Gallaher, perhaps conscious that their wounds could prove that they were involved in the mob, fled the county after being indicted and were never brought to trial.[30] Apart from Taylor's report of what he had heard, there is no evidence that Wills, Voras, Gallaher, or Allen died from their wounds.[31]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (June 2012) |
Joseph and Hyrum Smith's bodies were returned to Nauvoo the next day. The bodies were cleaned and examined, and death masks were made, preserving their facial features and structures.
A public viewing was held on June 29, 1844, after which empty coffins weighted with sandbags were used at the public burial. (This was done to prevent theft or mutilation of the bodies.) The coffins bearing the bodies of the Smith brothers were initially buried under the unfinished Nauvoo House, then disinterred and deeply reburied under an out-building on the Smith homestead.
In 1928 Frederick M. Smith, president of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and grandson of Joseph Smith, fearing that rising water from the Mississippi River would destroy the grave site, authorized civil engineer William O. Hands to conduct an excavation to find Joseph's and Hyrum's bodies. Hands conducted extensive digging on the Smith homestead, and located the bodies, as well as finding the remains of Joseph's wife, Emma, who was buried in the same place. The remains—which were badly decomposed—were examined and photographed, and the bodies were reinterred.
Responsibility and trial[edit]
After the deaths, much speculation was made about who was responsible. Governor Ford was accused of knowing about the plot to kill Smith, and some said he even approved of it.[who?] Ford denied this, but he later wrote that it was good for the Mormons to have been driven out of the state and said that their beliefs and actions were too different to have survived in Illinois. He said Smith was "the most successful impostor in modern times,"[32] and that some people "expect more protection from the laws than the laws are able to furnish in the face of popular excitement."[33]
Ultimately, five defendants—Thomas C. Sharp, Mark Aldrich, William N. Grover, Jacob C. Davis and Levi Williams—were tried for the murder of the Smiths. All five defendants were found not guilty by a jury. The trial jury was composed exclusively of non-Mormons after the defense counsel convinced the judge to dismiss the initial jury, which included Mormons.[34] The defense was led by Orville Hickman Browning, later a United States Senator and cabinet member.
Consequences in the Latter Day Saint movement[edit]
After the death of the Smiths, a succession crisis occurred in the Latter Day Saint movement. Hyrum Smith, the Assistant President of the Church, was intended to succeed Joseph as President of the Church,[35] but because he was killed with his brother, the proper succession procedure became unclear.
Initially, the primary contenders to succeed Joseph Smith were Sidney Rigdon, Brigham Young, and James Strang. Rigdon was the senior surviving member of the First Presidency, a body that led the church since 1832. At the time of the Smiths' deaths, Rigdon was estranged from Smith due to differences in doctrinal beliefs. Young, president of the Quorum of the Twelve, claimed authority was handed by Smith to the Quorum of the Twelve. Strang claimed that Smith designated him as the successor in a letter that was received by Strang a week before Smith's death. Later, others came to believe that Smith's son, Joseph Smith III, was the rightful successor.[citation needed]
A schism resulted, with each claimant attracting followers. The majority of Latter Day Saints followed Young; these adherents later emigrated to Utah Territory and continued as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Rigdon's followers were known as Rigdonites, some of which later established The Church of Jesus Christ. Strang's followers established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite). In the 1860s, those who felt that Smith should have been succeeded by Joseph Smith III established the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, which later changed its name to Community of Christ.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
- ^ Quinn (1994, p. 119)
- ^ a b c d Smith Jr., Joseph; manuscript by Willard Richards, George A. Smith and their assistants as finished in 1858. Roberts, Brigham Henry, ed. History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 6 & 7. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0-9582183-0-7. Retrieved 15 June 2009. Provided by BYU Studies. Published in book form in 1902.
- ^ Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994). Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2d ed.). University of Illinois Press. p. 44. ISBN 0-252-06291-4. See also Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith.
- ^ Anderson, Richard Lloyd; Faulring, Scott H. (1998). "The Prophet Joseph Smith and His Plural Wives". FARMS Review 10 (2): 67–104.
Reliable evidence indicates that Joseph Smith fathered some children through his plural marriages with single women, but that evidence does not necessarily support intimacy with polyandrous wives.
- ^ De Groote, Michael (2011). "DNA Solves a Joseph Smith Mystery". Deseret News.
- ^ Roberts, B. H., ed. (1912), "Chapter XXI: The Destruction of the "Nauvoo Expositor"—Proceedings of the Nauvoo City Council and Mayor", History of the Church, Salt Lake City: LDS Church
- ^ Tanner, 1981, Chapter 17, "Joseph Smith". The Changing World of Mormonism. Retrieved August 22, 2005.
- ^ Allen, James B; Glen M Leonard, (1992). Story of the Latter-day Saints (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company. p. 208. ISBN 0-87579-565-X.
- ^ Warsaw Signal, June 12, 1844, p. 2.
- ^ a b Firmage, Edwin Brown; Mangrum, Richard Collin (2001). Zion in the courts. University of Illinois: University of Illinois Press. pp. 114 & 115 of 430 pages. ISBN 0-252-06980-3.
- ^ "Military Service Records of LDS Men". Genealogy Gateway. 1995. Retrieved 15 June 2009. Paragraph 6.
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 135:4
- ^ Phelps, William Wines (1862). "Almanac for the year 1863". Great Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News. pp. 27–28. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- ^ Six other associates accompanied the Smiths: John P. Greene, Stephen Markham, Dan Jones, John S. Fullmer, Dr. Southwick, and Lorenzo D. Wasson [1]
- ^ Hill, Marvin S. "Carthage Conspiracy Reconsidered: A Second Look at the Murder of Joseph and Hyrum Smith" (PDF). Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (Illinois State Historical Society) (Summer 2005). Retrieved 2012-02-07.
- ^ B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of the Church, Chapter 56.
- ^ a b Dr. Quinn, D. Michael (1992). "On Being a Mormon Historian (And Its Aftermath)". In Smith, George D. Faithful History: Essays on Writing Mormon History. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. p. 141.
- ^ "JOURNAL OF ALLEN JOSEPH STOUT," Journal for Period 1815–1848, Published by the Book of Abraham Project at Brigham Young University, http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/AStout.html, retrieved December 15, 2007.
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants 135:1
- ^ Oaks and Hill, 20.
- ^ Oaks and Hill, 21.
- ^ a b Oaks and Hill, 52.
- ^ Lyon, "Physical Evidence at Carthage Jail and What It Reveals about the Assassinations of the Prophet Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith," BYU Education Week, 16 August 2010
- ^ This connection was first made by Reed C. Durham in his presidential address, "Is There No Hope for the Widow's Son," delivered at the Mormon History Association convention in Nauvoo, Illinois, 20 April 1974. (University of Utah Marriott Library, Manuscripts Division, Reed C. Durham Papers, Accn 444.) See also "Why was Joseph Smith a Mason?", from Sunday Sermons, by Cordell and Janice Vail, http://www.vcaa.com/epistles/sss/ss-masons.htm, dated 23 Nov 2003, retrieved December 15, 2007.
- ^ William M. Daniels (1845). A Correct Account of the Murder of Generals Joseph and Hyrum Smith, at Carthage on the 27th Day of June, 1844 (Nauvoo, Ill.: John Taylor).
- ^ Oaks and Hill, 89, 127, 132–33, 136, 144, 165–66.
- ^ Richards, 1844; D&C 135; Oaks and Hill, 1979; Quinn, 1994.
- ^ CHC 2:285 n.19
- ^ CHC 2:285 n.19.
- ^ Oaks and Hill, 52, 79.
- ^ Starr, Lance (2003), Was Joseph Smith a Martyr or a Murderer (PDF), Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research (FAIR)
- ^ Stevenson, Adlai Ewing (17 December 1909). Something of men I have known (2nd ed.). CHICAGO: R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY. pp. 211–212.
- ^ Flanders, Robert Bruce (1975). Nauvoo: KINGDOM ON THE MISSISSIPPI (illustrated ed.). University of Illinois: University of Illinois Press. p. 306. ISBN 0-252-00561-9.
- ^ See Dallin H. Oaks and Marvin S. Hill (1975). Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press); Marvin S. Hill. "Carthage Conspiracy Reconsidered: A Second Look at the Murder of Joseph and Hyrum Smith", Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Summer 2004.
- ^ Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine (2d ed., 1966, Salt Lake City: Bookcraft) s.v. "Assistant President of the Church".
- Burton, Richard F. (1862). The City of the Saints, and Across the Rocky Mountains to California. New York: Harper & Brothers..
- Ford, Thomas (1854). A History of Illinois, from its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847. Chicago: S.C. Griggs & Co. ISBN 0-252-02140-1..
- John S. Fullmer (1855). The Assassination of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, The Prophet and the Patriarch of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. London: Latter-day Saints' Book Depot. (The Winmill Family Home Page). Archived from the original on 2009-10-28.
- Godfrey, Kenneth W. (1999). "Correspondence between William R. Hamilton and Samuel H. B. Smith Regarding the Martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith" (PDF). Nauvoo Journal 11 (2): 83–92.
- Hill, Marvin S. "Carthage Conspiracy Reconsidered: A Second Look at the Murder of Joseph and Hyrum Smith", Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Summer 2004.
- Jessee, Dean C. (1981). "Return to Carthage: Writing the History of Joseph Smith's Martyrdom". Journal of Mormon History 8: 3–20..
- Littlefield, Lyman O. (1882). The martyrs: a sketch of the lives and a full account of the martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith, together with a concise review of the most prominent incidents connected with the persecution of saints, from the time the Church was organized up to the year 1846. Salt Lake City: Juvenile Instructor Office..
- Oaks, Dallin H. and Hill, Marvin S. (1979). Carthage Conspiracy: The Trial of the Accused Assassins of Joseph Smith. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00762-X.
- Richards, Willard (August 1, 1844). "Two Minutes in Jail". Times and Seasons. Richards's account of Smith's death. PDF scan of original 1844 newspaper entry.
- Smith, Lucy Mack (1901). History of Joseph Smith. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft. ISBN 0-88494-033-0.
- Starr, Lance. "Was Joseph Smith a Martyr or a Murderer?" (PDF). The Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research. Retrieved August 22, 2005.
- Tanner, Jerald and Sandra (1981). The Changing World of Mormonism (chapter 17). Moody Press. ISBN 0-8024-1234-3.
- Taylor, John (1845). "An Eyewitness Account". History of the Church (7 vols.). Taylor's account of Smith's death.
- Tracy, Shannon M. (1995). In Search of Joseph. Orem, Utah: KenningHouse. ISBN 1-57636-005-9.
- Wicks, Robert S., Fred R. Foister (2005). Junius And Joseph: Presidential Politics And The Assassination Of The First Mormon Prophet. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. ISBN 0-87421-608-7..
Further reading[edit]
- Beam, Alex (2014), American Crucifixion: The Murder of Joseph Smith and the fate of the Mormon Church, New York: PublicAffairs, ISBN 9781610393133, OCLC 871820658
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- A Virtual Tour of Carthage Jail
- Doctrine and Covenants Section 135 - John Taylor's 1844 eulogy to Joseph and Hyrum Smith; now canonized by the LDS Church
- Freeman Nickeron, Death of the Prophets Joseph and Hyram (sic) Smith, (Boston: John Gooch, 1844).
- Nauvoo Expositor: First and only issue: June 7, 1844, Published by William Law
- R. Thompson, Nauvoo Expositor
- Wm. M. Daniels, Correct Account of the Murders of Generals Joseph and Hyrum Smith, (Nauvoo: John Taylor, 1845).
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On June 2, 2011, Florida Governor Rick Scott signed a new state law prohibiting Florida government entities from contracting with companies invested in Iran's petroleum energy sector. Florida's law, and a similar California law that went into effect on June 1, 2011, announce a coming trend of state laws targeting potential contractors that also deal with Iran. These two laws, and several others on the horizon, present pitfalls for unwary companies as well as unique opportunities for informed, well-advised businesses.
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But the UK's top lesbian, gay and bisexual rights group, Stonewall, has said the people involved are just not adjusting to the modern world.
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
Self-help strategies offer a promising way to address problems with access to and stigma associated with face-to-face drug and alcohol treatment, and the Internet provides an excellent delivery mode for such strategies
The current study was a two-armed randomized controlled trial aimed at testing the effectiveness of
225 individuals who wanted to cease or reduce their cannabis use were recruited using both online and offline advertising methods and were randomly assigned to receive: (1) the web-based intervention, or (2) a control condition consisting of 6 modules of web-based educational information on cannabis. Assessments of cannabis use, dependence symptoms, and abuse symptoms were conducted through online questionnaires at baseline, and at 6-week and 3-month follow-ups. Two sets of data analyses were undertaken—complier average causal effect (CACE) modeling and intention to treat (ITT).
Two thirds (149) of the participants completed the 6-week postintervention assessment, while 122 (54%) completed the 3-month follow-up assessment. Participants in the intervention group completed an average of 3.5 of the 6 modules. The CACE analysis revealed that at 6 weeks, the experimental group reported significantly fewer days of cannabis use during the past month (
Findings suggest that web-based interventions may be an effective means of treating uncomplicated cannabis use and related problems and reducing the public health burden of cannabis use disorders.
ACTRN12609000856213, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the developed world—1.9 million Australians, for example, reported using cannabis in 2010 [
Unfortunately, most individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for a cannabis use disorder do not seek professional treatment [
Internet-delivered treatments may assist in resolving these issues, offering several advantages, including bridging the gap between supply and demand for alcohol and drug therapists, being potentially more cost effective than face-to-face treatment, and having the ability to be accessed at most times and in most locations. Increased privacy largely addresses the issue of stigmatization. Additionally, where treatment is automated, it is consistently delivered in its intended manner [
Several computer programs and web-based interventions for substance use have recently been developed and tested for their efficacy. The treatments consist of components such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [
In response to the absence of evidence-based fully self-guided online treatments for cannabis use, the authors developed the online program,
Our power calculation was based on a projected effect size of
Participants were primarily from Australia (64%); however, Google advertising also attracted participants from the United Kingdom (21%), the United States (10%), New Zealand (3%), and other countries (2%). Study participants were adults who were at least 18 years old and were English and computer literate in order to comply with study procedures. All participants had used cannabis at least once during the past month and expressed a desire to stop or reduce their cannabis use. Those who had received formal treatment for cannabis use or any other substance use within the past 3 months were excluded from the study, as were those who used another illicit drug weekly or more frequently, or who reported having a mental illness that would be likely to significantly interfere with their participation. This information was obtained first by asking the participant if they had any mental illness that would likely interfere with their participation, then by asking them if a doctor had diagnosed them with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bi-polar disorder. Participants who answered yes to either of these questions were excluded from participation.
Ethical approval for this study was given by the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Human Research Ethics Committee. Approval was granted to recruit participants both within Australia and elsewhere. Recruitment for the study commenced following in-house testing of the program, during which minor modifications were made and bugs were fixed. Advertisements seeking individuals who wished to reduce or quit their cannabis use via an online program were placed on the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre (NCPIC) website, online forums, Google, university bulletin boards, in newspapers, and at community health centers. NCPIC and UNSW affiliations were displayed on all advertisements. Interested individuals contacted the research team via email and were sent screening and study information materials by return email. Inclusion/exclusion criteria (aside from being 18 or older) were not stated on the advertisement, nor specifically noted during participant screening, to prevent individuals from providing false information in order to be eligible for the study. Compensation for completing assessments was not noted in the study advertisement but was noted in the participant information sheet, which participants received after contacting us to indicate their interest in the study.
Participants were informed that they would be randomly assigned to receive 6 modules of CBT or 6 modules of educational information. After responding to the screening questions and prior to completing the baseline assessment, those eligible for participation were randomly assigned by the first author. Assignment occurred through the drawing of one of two tokens from a box. The tokens were two different colours, representing the two study conditions. The token was replaced each time it was drawn, and the box shaken after each drawing; thus, the probability of allocation to either study condition was always 50%.
All participants were given a username and password-protected access to their respective websites. Data were stored on a secure server and password-protected computer. Participants assigned to the control condition were sent a link to an educational resource relating to cannabis use. Upon clicking this link, entry to this website occurred via checking an informed consent box and completion of the baseline assessment questionnaire. Participants assigned to the experimental condition were similarly sent a link to the intervention website, which contained the baseline assessment questions prior to accessing the remainder of the website. After this point, routine study procedures were fully automated. No further contact was made with participants for 6 weeks, at which point they were contacted by an automatically generated email that requested completion of follow-up data by returning to the website. Participants who did not respond were sent up to 3 reminder emails on a weekly basis. A researcher telephoned Australian participants who did not respond to these email requests and asked them to log in to the website and complete the assessment.
Three months post randomization, participants were contacted in the same manner as described for the 6-week follow-up. Participants completing each research assessment were given a gift voucher worth $30 AUD (Australian participants) or $30 AUD via PayPal (participants from other countries). Those assigned to the control condition were sent a link to the intervention website at the conclusion of the study.
CONSORT diagram of participant flow.
The intervention website,
The control condition website contains information about cannabis and consists of 6 sections, with content as follows: (1) What is cannabis? (2) Cannabis potency, (3) Cannabis and the law, (4) Cannabis in the workplace, (5) Cannabis and aggression, and (6) Cannabis and driving. The information provided does not contain any content aimed at building skills or changing motivation or other aspects of thinking about cannabis, nor in supporting actual behavior change attempts. Participants did not need to read the sections in sequential order, and we did not monitor the number of sections each participant read.
Screenshot of the intervention.
Trial outcomes were assessed 6 weeks and 3 months post randomization. If participants completed 1 module per week as recommended, the 6-week follow-up approximates a short-term posttreatment assessment. Participants may not have completed all modules or completed them more quickly than in 6 weeks. The reference period for all measures at all assessment points was the past month. There was no blinding of participants, who were thus aware that they had an equal probability of being assigned to the intervention or the educational website. Outcome data collection was automated, negating the need to blind researchers.
Days of cannabis use over the past month and past-month quantity of cannabis use were primary outcomes measures. These were assessed using the Timeline Follow-Back method (TFLB) [
Participants in the intervention group completed questions relating to their compliance and engagement with the program during the 6-week assessment. These included 1-4 ratings for the questions: "How closely did you follow the content of each module?" (1 = not closely at all, 4 = very closely), and "To what extent did you carry out the website's skill-building tasks?" (1 = did not do any of the tasks, 4 = did all of the tasks). Participants also were asked how many of the 6 modules they completed. In addition to providing information relating to compliance, participants in the intervention group rated their satisfaction with each module out of 10 and also completed the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-7) [
Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed
For our analyses, we defined a noncomplier as a participant who completed only 1 module or less and/or indicated that they did not follow the intervention at all closely, and/or failed to complete any of the skill-building exercises, and/or failed to complete at least some of the 6-week postintervention assessment or at least some the 3-month follow-up assessment. The rationale behind selecting a cut-off of 1 module was that participants who completed more than 1 module returned to the program at least once.
CACE has been recommended for use in RCTs, where noncompliance and attrition are extremely common [
In light of attrition from the study, conducting a traditional intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) with postintervention and follow-up data from all cases was not possible. Instead, EM without CACE is also reported as the primary ITT analysis. This analysis employed between-groups repeated measures ANOVAs.
Listwise deletion (excluding participants who did not complete the relevant assessment) and last-score-carried forward analyses were also conducted in order to test outcomes as comprehensively as was feasible. These analyses were conducted through between-groups repeated measures ANOVAs. To avoid overcomplicating the results, outcomes of these two analyses are not reported in detail. Rather, a brief comparison of these findings and our primary analyses are presented in the Results section. While last-score-carried-forward analyses are often employed as a primary analysis in RCTs, we decided against this in the current study in light of several recent studies indicating that the technique can be vulnerable to bias where there are large amounts of missing data and thus should be avoided [
All between-groups analyses were conducted with the outcome variables adjusted for the baseline score. Other baseline variables previously found to be associated with continued cannabis use (age of cannabis use initiation, gender, and age) [
Group differences in past-month abstinence were assessed in logistic regression models, performed on PASW 17 [
The research is reported in accordance with the E-CONSORT checklist [
Demographic characteristics and assessment data at baseline are presented in
Baseline means (SD) or percentage scores on participant demographics and cannabis-related variables (N=225).
Intervention |
Control |
χ2 |
Age | 31.88 (9.85) | 30.18 (9.62) | 224 | 1.33 |
.19 |
Gender (male) | 59.7% | 63.2% | 1 |
0.30 | .58 |
Age/initiation | 16.31 (3.71) | 16.22 (3.20) | 224 | 0.20 |
.84 |
Frequency (days past month) | 21.33 (8.24) | 20.76 (8.68) | 224 | 0.49 |
.62 |
Quantity (SCUsa past month) | 79.28 (72.68) | 70.66 (60.96) | 224 | 0.99 |
.32 |
SDSb | 13.97 (3.61) | 13.78 (3.61) | 224 | 0.37 |
.71 |
GAIN-dependence | 4.47 (1.57) | 4.40 (1.65) | 224 | 0.36 |
.71 |
GAIN-abuse | 2.61 (1.41) | 2.43 (1.41) | 224 | 0.96 |
.34 |
a SCUs = standard cannabis units.
b SDS = Severity of Dependence Scale.
Sixty-six percent (149 of 225) of participants completed the 6-week postintervention assessment, while 51% (122 of 225) completed the 3-month follow-up assessment. Five control group participants were excluded from the study because they reported receiving other professional treatment during the course of the intervention. No participants in the experimental group reported receiving additional treatment. Completion rates did not differ significantly between groups for either assessment (
Cannabis-related variables across assessments (N=225; imputation is not used for the Abstinence variable).
Variable | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control |
Baseline | Baseline | 6 weeks | 6 weeks | 3 months | 3 months |
(n=111) | (n=119) | (n=76) | (n=73) | (n=64) | (n=58) |
Frequency (days past month) | 21.33 (8.24) | 20.76 (8.68) | 12.90 (8.47)a | 14.87 (8.88)b | 12.05 (8.99)a | 14.11 (8.79)b |
Quantity (SCUsc past month) | 79.28 |
70.66 |
39.78 |
46.16 |
36.65 |
39.25 |
SDSd | 8.97 (3.61) | 8.78 (3.61) | 7.31 (3.22)a | 7.44 (3.56)b | 5.70 (3.35)a | 6.82 (3.31)b |
GAIN-dependence | 4.47 (1.57) | 4.40 (1.65) | 3.09 (1.69)a | 3.21 (1.60)b | 2.53 (1.67)a | 3.10 (1.67)b |
GAIN-abuse | 2.61 (1.41) | 2.43 (1.41) | 1.60 (1.22)a | 1.79 (1.37)b | 1.24 (1.03)a | 1.56 (1.24)b |
Abstinence | N/A | N/A | 9.3% | 4.7% | 12.4% | 6.6% |
a Significantly different from intervention group baseline assessment (
b Significantly different from control group baseline assessment (
c SCUs = standard cannabis units.
d SDS = Severity of Dependence Scale.
A series of group comparisons employing CACE analyses, controlling for the previously noted covariates, are reported in
Hypothesis 2 predicted that at the 6-week and 3-month follow-up assessments, participants in the intervention group would report a significantly lower quantity of cannabis use than would participants in the control group. The hypothesis was partially supported, with results showing significantly lower numbers of SCUs in the intervention group relative to the control group at the 6-week postassessment. This effect was, however, reduced somewhat by the 3-month follow-up, such that it no longer reached statistical significance.
Hypothesis 3 predicted that at 6-week and 3-month follow-up assessments, participants in the intervention group would report significantly lower levels of cannabis dependence than would participants in the control group. Group differences were not apparent after 6 weeks on either measure of cannabis dependence; however, significant differences did emerge for both measures at the 3-month follow-up, providing support for a slight delay in effects on cannabis dependence.
Hypothesis 4 predicted that at 6-week and 3-month follow-up assessments, participants in the intervention group would report significantly fewer symptoms of cannabis abuse than would participants in the control group. This hypothesis was supported, with between-group differences on the GAIN abuse measure significantly favoring the experimental group at both assessment points.
CACE analyses of cannabis outcome measures at 6-week and 3-month assessments (N=225; intervention group coded as 1, control group coded as 2).
Variable |
Smoking days | 3.82 | 1.67 | .02 | 0.38 |
SCUs | 24.86 | 9.78 | .01 | 0.34 |
GAIN-dependence | 0.12 | 0.42 | .78 | 0.04 |
GAIN-abuse | 0.60 | 0.30 | .047 | 0.27 |
Smoking days | 5.37 | 2.36 | .02 | 0.31 |
SCUsb | 11.84 | 8.45 | .16 | 0.19 |
SDSc | 2.37 | 0.84 | .01 | 0.38 |
GAIN-dependence | 0.99 | 0.50 | .047 | 0.27 |
GAIN-abuse | 1.05 | 0.40 | .01 | 0.35 |
b SCUs = standard cannabis units.
c SDS = severity of dependence scale.
An ITT analysis employing between-groups repeated measures ANOVAS and using EM imputation is reported in
ITT analyses with EM showing group x time interactions on cannabis outcome measures at 6-week and 3-month assessments (N=225; intervention group coded as 1, control group coded as 2).
Variable |
Smoking days | 5.12 | 220 | .02 | 0.30 |
SCUsb | 6.31 | 220 | .01 | 0.34 |
SDSc | 0.50 | 220 | .49 | 0.10 |
GAIN-dependence | 0.43 | 220 | .51 | 0.09 |
GAIN-abuse | 3.82 | 220 | .05 | 0.26 |
Smoking days | 5.88 | 220 | .02 | 0.33 |
SCUs | 3.49 | 220 | .06 | 0.25 |
GAIN-dependence | 5.18 | 220 | .02 | 0.31 |
GAIN-abuse | 6.32 | 220 | .01 | 0.34 |
bSCUs = standard cannabis units.
cSDS = severity of dependence scale.
Analyses using listwise deletion and last-score-carried-forward imputation were conducted as comparisons with the primary analyses. Several significant findings obtained in the primary analyses were replicated. The listwise deletion analyses found significant group x time interactions favoring the experimental group on smoking days at 6 weeks (
The final study hypothesis predicted that at 6-week and 3-month follow-up assessments, participants in the intervention group would report significantly higher rates of past-month abstinence than those in the control group. At the 6-week post intervention assessment, the intervention group had a higher rate of abstinence (9.3%; 7/76) than did the control group (4.7%; 3/73), though the numbers were small and the difference not statistically significant (OR 2.53,
Participants in the intervention group completed an average of 3.5 of the 6 modules. The percentage of participants who completed only the first module or less was 17.3%. The percentages of participants ceasing treatment after completing Modules 2-6 were 27.2%, 11.1%, 6.2%, 9.9%, and 28.4%, respectively. While we have reported participants' self-reports of number of modules completed, these were closely corroborated by the program's documentation of participant logins (
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the
The first hypothesis was supported. Primary analyses conducted in relation to cannabis use frequency revealed a significantly lower number of past-month smoking days in the intervention group, after controlling for pre-intervention smoking days. Reductions in smoking days were substantial, with the intervention group reducing from 21.33 smoking days per month at baseline to 12.05 days at 3-month follow-up. This equates to a 43.5% reduction in smoking days per month for the treatment group. The control group reduced their smoking days from 20.76 at baseline to 14.11 at follow-up, representing a 32.0% reduction in smoking days. The outcome for the intervention group on cannabis use frequency is comparable to outcomes of several face-to-face treatments for cannabis at similar time points [
Hypothesis 2 was supported in part. Results showed significantly lower numbers of SCUs in the intervention group relative to the control group at 6 weeks in each analysis. However, by 3 months, this effect had reduced to a nonsignificant level. The intervention group reduced their past-month number of SCUs from 79.28 at baseline to 36.65 at 3 months, which equates to a 53.8% reduction in SCUs per month. The control group reduced from 70.66 at baseline to 39.25 at follow-up, which represents a 44.2% reduction in past-month SCUs.
Partial support was found for Hypothesis 3 regarding cannabis dependence. Interestingly, the effect on cannabis dependence symptoms appeared to be delayed, with both measures of cannabis dependence showing a nonsignificant effect at the 6-week assessment and both showing a significant effect in favor of the intervention group at 3 months in each analysis. This finding may suggest that the intervention has some effects that endure or strengthen over time [
The fourth hypothesis, relating to cannabis abuse, was partially supported, with the CACE analysis finding significant group differences at each assessment point, but the ITT analysis not reaching statistical significance at the 6-week analysis (
The final hypothesis, regarding abstinence, was not supported. Neither the post nor the follow-up assessment indicated significantly higher levels of abstinence among the intervention group relative to the control group. Rates of abstinence were lower than in several other intervention studies for cannabis [
Findings of this study add to those of previous studies assessing computer-delivered treatments for cannabis, which have shown that such treatments are valuable as an adjunct to in-person therapy [
This study has several important strengths. First, the intervention was designed to be fully self-guided, thus requiring minimal therapist input beyond the initial design of the program. Second, the program was able to reach a wide audience, both nationally and internationally. Third, continued operation and dissemination of the program can be achieved at low cost. Finally, this is an effectiveness study, designed to precisely estimate effects that may be obtained in real-world use outside of a research environment. These points engender confidence that the program will have positive effects as a free and publicly available cannabis treatment option. While rates of abstinence were lower than those achieved by highly trained clinicians using manualized interventions in traditional treatment settings, the significant reductions in the levels of cannabis use and related harms suggest that this web-based intervention offers great promise for reducing the public health burden of cannabis use.
There are also some important limitations to note in relation to the current study. First, the level of participant attrition was quite high with regard to completion of the treatment program as well as completion of assessments; however, high levels of attrition are the rule rather than the exception in web-based treatment studies. For example, online treatment programs have reported program completion rates as low as 0.5% and drop-out rates as high as 65% [
A second limitation is that the long-term effectiveness of the treatment program cannot be known with a 3-month follow-up period—future studies should contain provisions for longer durations of follow-up assessment with and without booster sessions. Similarly, findings on the effectiveness of this intervention are entirely restricted to the self-guided study context. It is possible that facilitation of uptake of such interventions may enhance their effectiveness. An additional limitation is that the study relied solely on self-report data for all outcome measures. With regard to our cannabis use outcome measures, however, there was little that could be done to rectify this as urinalysis was not possible in light of participation being open to individuals around Australia and elsewhere. Saliva analysis was not feasible due to funding and time constraints and is of questionable validity in the context of the current study. Finally, tobacco smoking was not taken into consideration as a factor that could influence success in reducing cannabis use and maintaining reductions. Future research would benefit from gauging the level of influence tobacco use exerts on cannabis use outcomes.
Findings of the current study provide support for further investigation of web-based treatment for cannabis use and related problems. Should these evaluations yield positive outcomes, the availability of web-based treatment for cannabis use could lead to valuable and tangible developments in service delivery and treatment uptake. These could include an ease on the public health burden of cannabis use disorders, reductions in treatment waitlists, and increased uptake of treatment due to the high acceptability of online treatments to many users.
While there are many important areas of investigation for future studies, treatment adherence and retention are worthy of prominent consideration. In the current study, the average number of modules completed was 3.5 out of 6 and the retention rate at follow-up was 53%. This is lower than the average number completed in the face-to-face study upon which the current study is based (4.2 out of 6 modules), as well as the follow-up retention rate of 74%. There was some evidence of a relationship between adherence and treatment outcome, where number of modules completed did correlate with reduced frequency of use. Noncompletion of treatment in web-based studies is extremely common, and recent work suggests that additions to web-based intervention studies, such as brief weekly telephone check-ins [
There are few similar web-based interventions targeting substance use. In the alcohol field,
Other important issues for future research include investigations of longer term effects of treatment, examining the effects of adaptations to suit varying demographics and cultures, and exploring the feasibility and impact of combining web-based treatment with face-to-face therapy.
Web-based treatments for substance use disorders are becoming increasingly available; however, up to this point, no completely self-guided web-based cannabis treatment has been tested in a randomized controlled trial. Outcomes of the current study suggest that
The structure of Reduce Your Use: How to Break the Cannabis Habit.
CONSORT EHEALTH Checklist V1.6.2 [
complier average causal effect
cognitive behavioral therapy
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire
expectation maximization
Global Appraisal of Individual Needs
intention-to-treat analysis
motivational interviewing
National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre
randomized controlled trial
standard cannabis units
Severity of Dependence Scale
timeline follow-back method
University of New South Wales
This research was funded by the Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA). DoHA had no role in the development and evaluation of the intervention program. JM is supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Career Development Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (WT086516MA).
None declared.


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Hi there, I am very inetersted in pursuing many different things in the entertainment industry and wanted to know if anyone can offer me any suggestions as to how I can do them or what I should do.
I am very interested in drawing, I love drawing cartoon characters but really want to learn how to draw the human figure correctly. I use Flash Animation on my home computer too. I was thinking about pursuing my dream of opening up my own animation studios some day, but like I said it's a dream. I do not exactly want to be an animator because I do not want to have to draw characters over and over doing slight movements if you know what I mean. Iwould more likely want to be a storyboard artist since I LOVE to write and draw. I would also LOVE to possibly write stories for films too. I am already in college. I am planning on majoring in animation and getting a degree in writing. I would also LOVE to open up at least one art suplly store that would be like the Barnes & Nobles or Wal-Mart of art stores in my area. But that to is a dream. Does anyone have any suggestions that I can use or possibly have anyone they know that I can get in contact with to help me out?


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Wizards owner Ted Leonsis hears "pizza" and made his way on camera during a live shot before the Wizards started game two in Indiana.
Marcin Gortat had an injury scare in Game 1 against Indiana, but he says there's "no pain" following the win. Watch more here.
John Wall talks with Chris Miller about the upcoming series against the Pacers.
Wall notes the Wizards didn't play well in Indiana this season, "but the playoffs is a different story."
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) The Chicago Bulls could be without four starters Monday night at Indiana
The Indiana Pacers are one of the NBA's premier defensive squads.


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Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
From: Luc Desdoigts (ldesdoi_at_TeacherArtExchange) Date: Mon Nov 08 2004 - 03:34:01 PST
IMPORTANT for "CHINESE HISTORY/CULTURE" : please add links to "TIBET The Roof of the World" http://www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/tibet.html from : http://www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz/index.html
you may also link to :
http://www.tibet.org/Why/march10.html and http://www.tibet.org/Culture/Art/
and many others...
next only, you could link to : http://www.tibetart.com/ and http://tibet-art-culture.site.voila.fr/index.jhtml (drawings from children) http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/~wtv/tibet/art.html (Paintings which include `Thangka', Fresco, Wooden Tablet and Sand Painting, (II) Solid (3-dimensional) Objects which include Bronze, Clay Sculpture, Clay Modeling, Wooden Carving, Stone Carving, Ritual Objects, Butter Sculpture, Mask and Cazha, and (III) Costume.)
Thank you Luc
----- Original Message ----- From: Judith Decker To: Art Education ; Art Talk ; Art Teachers-World ; ArtsEducators ; Net-Gold Sent: Sunday, November 07, 2004 4:49 PM Subject: [world_art_teachers] CHINESE HISTORY/CULTURE: Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization
Dear List Members,
I have added a link to "Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization" http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/index.htm
This source can be found on: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/oriental.htm
Lia Johnson sent me this link - I had browsed the Woodcut section before. A link to that section is on: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/prints.htm
Judy Decker


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Chico waiting patiently for owner to recover from brutal beating
SYDNEY ŌĆö The pit bull belonging to the homeless man who recently endured a brutal attack might not have had a roof over his head, but officials at the Cape Breton SPCA say he sure wasn't lacking in the love department.
"You can tell what a happy healthy dog Chico is, there's no doubt about it," said Cape Breton SPCA manager Jeff Dursi.
"Some people have questioned the type of life he had on the road and on the streets, but look at his demeanor. There's no question this dog had an abundance of love in his life.
"It goes to show you in so many ways oftentimes the people who have little to give, give the most to a companion," he added.
"Look what Shawn was able to give Chico by way of life, strong behaviour, positive attitude, development and socialization ŌĆö it's phenomenal to see that."
He said Chico and Shawn were "a pack" and Chico clearly misses him.
"Obviously, what he needs more than anything is for his dad to come home and for him to go back with his dad.ŌĆØ
On July 14, Shawn Kurtis Jack, 48, was found bloodied and bruised in the parking lot of the Atlantic Superstore in North Sydney. He is now in a Halifax hospital with serious head and other injuries.
So far, six people have been charged in the brutal attack.
Dursi said members of the Cape Breton Regional Police contacted the SPCA around midnight on the night of the incident.
He said he was surprised Chico remained uninjured, suggesting it could have been the "fear factor" of dogs that helped Chico, who was found at his battered owner's side by emergency responders following the attack.
"Chico was on the scene waiting for his owner ŌĆö as we were told by the police ŌĆö and was not budging."
Dursi said Chico is currently in the care of the SPCA.
"We are completely committed to caring for Chico until his dad makes sufficient recovery," he said.
"We really hope he recovers quickly and fully. In order to be reunited Shawn's doctors would have to say he's healthy enough and we can't wait for that day to come."
Dursi said the SPCA is actually hoping to take Chico to the hospital in Halifax to visit Jack if permitted.
"If there comes a time where Shawn is healthy enough and it's all approved through the hospital that a visit with Chico would be possible, we'd be happy to facilitate that."
When the Cape Breton Post visited Chico Wednesday, it was obvious how much he enjoys people, as his tail never stopped wagging. He even proudly showed a new toy he found at the shelter, a stuffed porcupine he never parted with.
Dursi said the outpouring of support is amazing, with the SPCA is receiving calls from across Canada inquiring about Chico, wanting to know how he's doing.
"By unfortunately going through what Shawn did, he has brought a community together ŌĆö Shawn and Chico and have thousands of people behind them."
"We are getting phone calls, messages on Facebook, emails, asking how Shawn is and how Chico is adjusting. It's amazing."
Dursi said comments also include outrage about how this could happen in Cape Breton.
"At the end of the day, most people are hopeful and optimistic for Shawn and are very happy his companion is safe, happy and comfortable waiting his dad's full recovery and family reunion," he said.
"A reunion would reduce us to a bubbling mess of tears here, I know that."
Dursi said there are hundreds of Chicos who come into the shelter each year.
The shelter only has a contract for dog control, while money for such things as care of animals, adoptions, and cats comes through donations and fundraising.
"We treat them all the same ŌĆö give them everything."
"We work day in and day out tirelessly on behalf of each and every one of these dogs and cats. ItŌĆÖs nice seeing people appreciate what shelters do and this is what we do on a daily basis."
Melissa Dawe, working at the SPCA on a placement program through the YMCA, has spent a lot of time with Chico.
"He's a very sweet dog, very smart and he loves playing catch," she said.
"His owner kept really good care of him, kept him well socialized," she said.
"It looks like he took better care of his dog than he did of himself. His dog was obviously his whole world."
She said when she's just sitting outside with Chico, he'll lay across her legs.
"HeŌĆÖs very loving and cuddly.
She said with word starting to get out Chico is at the SPCA, some people have dropped off food and teddy bears for him. She said the animal care workers at the SPCA are doing an amazing job, with everyone working together to keep Chico happy.
"People are being really supportive of him. Chico's full of smiles, but definitely misses his owner."
A gofundme account was started for Shawn and Chico by Julia Hawkins of Little Pond, and by late Wednesday afternoon was at more than $19,200 by 513 people in five days. The account can be accessed by clicking HERE.