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4th Floor Studios
255 - 259 Commercial Road, London, United Kingdom E1 2BTMap
+44 1780 48 0048/+44 7817341737/+44 7896559724
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Neighborhood: Tower Hamlets
You may be spoilt for choice while searching for a good art studio in London. Out of the huge list of recording studios operating in the city, 4th Floor Studios is one of the most sought after art spaces. The studio is divided into two parts, east and west, each offering unique facilities including a changing room, kitchen facilities, seating area and top quality microphones and recording system. The east part is a dark studio, while the west part is a light studio. It also has a roof top space which is spread over an area of 3,000 sq ft.
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guess, it's Germany that is isolated !
Good in depth article.
Many of the elements brought forward are spot on.
And the conclusion is quite right.
Particularly in saying that the french political class has failed to renew itself, although Mr Sarkozy initiated reforms that were hard to pass.
Also many professions in France are too busy keeping their privileges over certain sectors and this has prevented them from evolving and adjusting to the changes in attitudes of the world around them. This is a type of feodal attitude that disperse resources that could be used much more efficiently.
Only one element would need adding, regarding the millions of French citizens who unable to find at home the opportunities they need go abroad to find them. I am one of them and far from turning my back on my country, I do hope that in the future I will be able to bring back home more positive and confident outlooks on the world ahead.
French voters screwed up the last election. They have chosen saico. So gloom and doom persist. People say that if French voters voted for Madame Royale, French would have recovered from recession. Now France is ignored and despised worldwide. US and UK won't listen to French anymore after screwing up in Libya. Frence is isolated. Doom, groom, groom, groom, .....
And the French are creative ? Boff
'But if the French really are so allergic to change, how come the pension reform not only went through but has now been accepted, even forgotten?'
The 'spasm' of rebellion to the proposed plan was actually followed by a week long public holiday. The French people drank and ate and had fun and forgot about all their sorrows.
This is nothing new...
Since it is very rare to see the Economist write anything remotely postive about France, both the balanced tone of this article and the quality of the analysis were very refreshing. It almost sounded like the author had some direct experience of living in the country….
I particularly agree with one of the closing remarks:
"A third of a century later, it is above all French politicians who have yet to change their outlook. French morosité and the politics of victimisation are overdone"
Even after 35 years living in France I am constantly shocked by how French politicians of all stripes, but particularly the left, constantly encourage the victim mentality. The media also constantly play up on the victim theme and, if you were to pay any attention to either of these institutions, I guess you could consider that the vast majority of the French are poor victims who need to be protected and who better to do that than the…politicians.
I guess that's how these people keep themselves in jobs but it is a very destructive way of achieving their objective.
The problem when you encourage a victim mentality is that people start to believe it, and since by definition a victim is not responsible for what has happened to him/her, such people are not going to feel much responsibility for finding solutions.
So while it might be great way to get yourself elected, it makes it pretty well impossible to govern and take unpopular decisions afterwards.
Hardly unique to France but certainly taken further in France than other places I know.
"The French are feeling morose about their future"
boff, we hear that since decades, it's a way to be creative, as hapiness isn't a motor for creativeness !
we even have me songs about our "petits malheurs"
Contrary to what the article claims, France doesn't have Europe's largest Muslim minority. Russia and Germany both have larger Muslim minorities. See the Pew survey from 2009 which gives figures for each European country: http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population%2814%29....
"thrusting energy"? seriously?
Chart 2 speaks for itself. A culture of exclusivism (insiders) and entitlement are still the major issues. These attitudes are not likely to turn on a dime. Modest changes are what they are... modest.
This article is absolutely spot on the problems and positives of France today.
Pina Bausch: Poet of the stage
The SNP manifesto: The second-longest suicide note in history
Remembering Cardinal Francis George: Good-bye to a hard-nosed Chicagoan
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The Economist explains
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Britain's election campaign: April 20th: The SNP promises to shower money...
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The truth will set you freeif it doesn't get you killed
Savannah Slade is not the person she thought she was. The reading of her "father's" will has led her to a world-shattering revelation: her sisters are not her blood kin-and she may be the heiress to a massive fortune. Her not-quite-fiancé Judd doesn't care where she came from-he only wants her by his side. But the primal need to uncover her past wins out, and Savannah trades the Montana ranges for Miami's moneyed oceanside enclaves.
The wealthy and powerful Stoss family is less than overjoyed to find that Gerald Stoss's daughter has emerged from the past. But theirs is a clan seldom troubled by inconveniences. They've always had the means to eradicate any blemish on their perfect lives. One more won't make a difference.
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Dept Strength
With an active faculty doing cutting-edge research in all corners of the discipline and the world, CU Geography takes students far beyond the classroom. Students and faculty work side-by-side on research projects, and many of our classes teach practical field skills, such as doing an actual ethnography study, surveying in Denver for an urban geography class, measuring water flow of Boulder Creek, or learning to use high resolution GPS to map the campus. While many of our graduate students work with faculty advisors on collaborative research, many also develop their own independent research projects, developing academic expertise and broader recognition as they earn their degree.
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Chocovine Chocolate Wine 1.50L Sku: 1687014
1 day lead-time required to confirm availability Why?
ChocoVine is a fine French Cabernet subtly combined with a rich dark chocolate from Holland, paired together to create a decadent, silky smooth drink, which can be served by itself on the rocks or as the main ingredient to an array of sinful cocktails. The combination of fine wine and chocolate blended to perfection creates a taste of pure bliss.


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Author and activist Meena Kandasamy is smitten!
Swept off her feet completely by Maya, the female protagonist of Malayalam screenplay 'Oralpokkam', the intrepid writer has decided to essay the character on screen.
Blogger and poet Sanal Kumar Sasidharan, whose short film 'Frog' won rave reviews and awards, is scripting and directing the movie. Noted actor Prakash Bare, who co-produced the critically-acclaimed Papilio Buddha, is playing the male lead.
Reasons Ms. Kandasamy about her decision to act in the film: "I read the script along with a few friends. The screenplay itself was so poetic and I think if it translates to film, it would be beautiful. I liked the female lead, Maya, she's as volatile as she's firm. She stands her ground even as she is someone who's very much in love. She's fierce and independent, and the kind of strong and sensual woman you want to see on the screen. While, the trials and the tortured anguish of the male protagonist are Kafkaesque. I quite can't find another word to describe it. I think anyone who has ever loved and lost will quite relate to what this man goes through."
'Oralpokkam' is an unconventional but honest take on the man-woman relationship and part of it is slated to be shot in the flood-ravaged Kedarnath. The ruined landscape plays a part in the film, says Mr. Sasidharan.
Like his outing in the short-movie segment, the full-length feature will also be made under the banner of Kazhcha Film Forum, a collective of film-lovers.
To Mr. Bare, the sincerity of the maker's effort apart, participatory filmmaking holds a special attraction. "Instead of merely seeking donations, we intend to make each contributor a part and parcel of the filmmaking process. While some may chip in with technical support, some may help distribute the movie by buying internet rights. There's a need to evolve a culture of collective film-making," he says.
At the heart of the multi-lingual film — with dialogues in Tamil, English, Hindi and Malayalam — is a love story, "but it is a love story that is also a clash of egos. That's why most of the action in the movie happens in the imaginary, hallucinatory, surreal plane," says Ms. Kandasamy.
Loss of love and the pain that accompanies it is something that anyone can relate to. The surreal aspect of the film is 'enticing' and 'beautiful' because "we live so much more in our minds than we live in the real, actual world".
"The script is refreshing. There's a complete absence of melodrama. Maya is a presence throughout the movie but she's there in just a dozen scenes. I like that. I think life is like that. Little things can cast long shadows. Thankfully for me, it's not like there's too much acting or too much dialogue or stuff like that involved," she says.
That it is her maiden attempt at acting could turn out to be the movie's strength. "The fact that commercial ingredients did not have to be added to it because of the demands of the market… I think there's a tradition of indie filmmaking that goes a long, long way anyway. Spontaneity, in real life at least, takes more courage to pull off, than putting on rehearsed mannerisms, doesn't it?" she asks. Kazhcha Film Forum is putting up a website, www.kazhcha.com as an outreach measure as also to solicit funds for the venture. Filming is slated to begin on November 17.
Keywords: Meena Kandasamy, Oralpokkam, Sanal Kumar Sasidharan, Prakash Bare


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Monday, July 31, 2006
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proof and consequence. not all experience is created equally
Actor Dean Cain (Lois and Clark ) is 40.
Actor Don Murray is 77.
Actor Geoffrey Lewis is 71.
Singer Bob Welch is 60.
Actor Michael Biehn is 50.
Drummer Bill Berry (R.E.M.) is 48.
Actor Wesley Snipes is 44.
Musician Fatboy Slim is 43.
Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling is 41.
Singer Shannon Curfman is 21.
Posted by dino on Monday, July 31, 2006


text: Level 13 isnt so bad... Wait till you hit 30+ LOL takes days to level up. I remember the teens well. It takes a long time to master the wii mote setup and there are so many things that go wrong. Try switching the button layout I cant recall the name of the one I use but the melee is down button and reload is shaking the nun chuck. Makes a huge difference once you get good at melee. I still dream of the day when motion gaming for FPS actually works. Also dont freak out in close quarters every new player seems to just spin in circles shooting and swinging aimlessly. I think its because you end up with the curser off screen by over reacting. I did this too until I switched layouts.


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Resource Spotlight: Manifest Markings
Posted: July 18, 2013 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Immigrants, Resource Spotlight Leave a commentPssst! You over there!
Yes, you, the one peering at the Ellis Island passenger manifest on the high-resolution monitor. You need this:
A Guide To Interpreting Passenger List Annotations.
This comes courtesy of JewishGen. The chart focuses on U.S. passenger lists, and is an encyclopedic look at all the squiggles, cryptic initialings, stamped words and everything else that makes a manifest such a joy to interpret (cough).
As they always say, finding the document is the fun part. Reading it is another matter. And with passenger lists, the annotations can tell an important part of the story, so you really should know what it is you are looking at. Annotations are an education in themselves, and this guide is a great place to start.
Resource Spotlight provides a look at handy toolbox items I've bookmarked over the years.
In Better Late Than Never News …
Posted: May 24, 2013 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Immigrants, Ireland Leave a comment… Scientists have apparently isolated the exact identity of the strain of pathogen that caused the devastating potato crop failures that triggered Ireland's Great Hunger of 1848-1852.
The story makes interesting reading, make no mistake about it. But honestly? As one of the millions who can trace ancestry to famine-era emigrants, I find it somewhat sad and unsettling, as well. After so much time, to know so specifically the tiny biological entity that caused so much misery … I don't know why, but it's almost like stumbling over a grave one didn't know was there.
But it's good to have the mystery cleared up, even if it does send a shiver down the spine. And it's also good to know that scientists think this discovery will help them to better understand the growth and development of new, emerging pathogens.
The 1940 Files: Immigrants in Greenpoint
Posted: April 18, 2012 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Brooklyn, census, Immigrants, Rudroffs Leave a commentNext up in my initial 1940 census snapshots are my maternal grandparents, who emigrated from Germany's rural Upper Franconia district in the mid-1920s and settled in Greenpoint.
Names: John and Eva Rudroff
Relationship: Maternal grandparents
Background: After crossing the Atlantic, John (1886-1969) and Eva (1895-1963) didn't move around. They moved to 39 Sutton Street in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn shortly after they married in 1927, and that was it until Grandpa died in 1969. This was where they raised my mother and her twin brother. It was also the place from which Grandma Eva sent a care package after World War II to cousins in bombed-out Wurzburg, one of whom recited the exact address (with zip code) to me forty years later, by way of explaining just how memorable that package was to her as a little girl.
• Did the 1940 census taker get the surname spelled right? In 1930, the enumerator listed it as "Rutkoff."
• How did Grandpa's employment and wage information stack up? Mom always said they were very lucky that he held on to a good job at Standard Oil of New York all through the Depression years.
• Yay for the 1940 enumerator, who spelled the name the same way my grandparents spelled it. OK, so my grandma was listed as "Eve," not "Eva," but whaddya gonna do. Also consistent with other family records, my grandfather was a naturalized citizen (he became one in 1933); my grandmother was not (and never did become one).
• Grandpa and Grandma Rudroff had both completed eight grades of school, according to this census. My mother and her brother, now 12-year-old twins, had completed six, and I assume that they were in the seventh grade at the time the census was taken.
• As I expected, Grandpa's job was "fireman, oil co.," meaning he tended boilers at the Standard Oil of New York plant not far from where the family lived. During the week of March 24-30, 1940, he'd put in 32 hours, which was on the low side compared to some other entries on the page. (Most were in the range of 40 to 45 hours, although one factory watchman listed a whopping 84 hours.)
• Grandpa's yearly salary was $1,150, or about $17,680 in today's dollars. Not bad, but definitely below the yearly average for the mid-1930s in New York City ($1,745, or $27,425 today). This squares with my mother's description of her childhood as being free from anxiety over where the next meal was coming from, but without a lot of spare change for anything besides the necessities.
Takeaway: At first glance, I don't see a lot of surprises here, but then, this is a pretty familiar part of the family story. However, I am having a lot of fun comparing the information on this entry to a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Report, 100 Years of U.S. Consumer Spending, the source for the New York City average salary figure listed above. If you're curious about how far your family's income might have stretched, check it out (at the link, you can download a .pdf file).
Next time: The mysterious distant cousin.
Irish Family History: The Other 'Hungers'
Posted: April 20, 2011 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Immigrants, Ireland Leave a commentLast Saturday here in the Northeast was cold, rainy and windy; not charming. Fortunately I was warm, dry and inside, listening to a day of lectures on Irish family history at Emigrants and Exiles: An Irish Family History Symposium at Drew University in Madison, NJ. Among them was Professor Christine Kinealy's talk on why Irish people left Ireland and why, as she said, "the Famine is only part of the story."
Co-sponsored by Drew's Caspersen School of Graduate Studies and the Genealogical Society of New Jersey, this conference contained an ideal mix of individual case histories and broader historical perspectives. And the talk by Kinealy, who teaches at Drew, was a great example in the second category.
Kinealy is actually an expert on the Great Hunger of 1845-52, so the title of her talk was intriguing. A key point was that the Great Hunger, while certainly the biggest, was just one of many disasters to hit Ireland over the years. In the 18th century alone, for instance:
1717-18: Drought.
1725-29: Generalized economic downturn; "poverty, wretchedness, misery and want" force a wave of Scots-Irish emigration from Ulster.
1740-41: Famine (concurrent with a "Little Ice Age").
1754: Another drought.
1771-75: More poverty and evictions, resulting in between 25,000-30,000 emigrations, mostly Presbyterians.
These dates are particularly important for descendants of Irish families (like my husband's) who emigrated prior to the 19th century. As a couple of the lecturers mentioned, if your Irish left Ireland in the 18th century, there's a good bet they were Scots-Irish. Within a hundred years of the era in which the British established Protestant "plantations" in Ireland, economic and agricultural downturns forced many of these families' descendants to emigrate, mainly to North America.
As researcher Clare Keenan Agthe noted, there's a rule-of-thumb emigrant timeline drawn from patterns noted by Irish researchers, to wit:
1600s: Native Irish
1700s and early 1800s: Scots-Irish
Mid-1800s: Native Irish
It's only a general guideline, of course. However, for those just starting out on their Irish adventures, these lesser-known timelines are worth keeping in mind. It's easy to assume our people left in the Great Famine years because, so often, it's true — how could it not be, with such a massive population shift? But it's also possible that they left at other times, for other reasons.
Irish history is like that.
(I'll be posting other tips from this conference as I go through my notes. There was so much great information and — by the way — Megan Smolyenak dropped by to show everybody how to give a great genealogy lecture and be funny while you're at it!)
Good Reads: 'American Passage'
Posted: September 2, 2010 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Good Reads, Immigrants Leave a commentEllis Island occupies a hallowed place in imaginations — some might say, the Plymouth Rock for Americans who didn't land on Plymouth Rock. This is a vast oversimplification (it leaves out a lot of Americans who didn't land in either place). But it fueled enough fat family-saga novels to cement certain imagery firmly in place: the large, close-knit families struggling together across the gangplank into a new world; the arbitrary name changes by brusque inspectors; the triumphant journey from dirt-poor tenement to American-style riches in the suburbs.
Vincent J. Cannato's American Passage is a history of Ellis Island that is well worth reading if your ancestors passed through it, or even if they didn't. It supplies a wealth of information about how the place began and, importantly, how it worked, starting with a detailed account of Ellis Island's very different predecessor, Castle Garden.
Castle Garden was a state-run operation, originating in response to activism by immigrant-aid societies whose mission was to protect and aid immigrants — a mission that also propelled Castle Garden, at least in its early years. Ellis Island, by contrast, was a federal facility born in an age of increased resentment and apprehension at the surge of immigration at the end of the 19th century. Aiding and protecting took a back seat to quality control — the drive to ensure that only the fittest, strongest and most productive new arrivals made the cut.
Cannato writes supple, succinct prose, with an excellent eye for compelling historical examples — such as families separated, often forever, when one member was deemed too "feeble-minded" or physically infirm to be admitted. He illustrates with infuriating examples the lengths to which inspectors went to ensure that the immigrants' characters were sufficiently elevated, a quest which predictably led to crass harassment: "Did he sleep with you on the boat?" asked one inspector who made "moral turpitude" his personal mission.
American Passage also dispels some cherished misconceptions about Ellis Island. Despite what hundreds of family stories say, Ellis Island inspectors did not change names to make them more "American-sounding": "Name changes largely occurred either on the other side of the Atlantic, when steamship officials recorded names in their manifests, or after Ellis Island, when immigrants filled out naturalization papers or other official documents," Cannato writes.
The narrative is full of similarly illuminating details, and ends with a meditation on Ellis Island's slide into decay and neglect, followed by its return as a point of pilgrimage, a highly charged symbol of American aspirations. It's a nice wrap-up to an excellent overview of the years in which the United States, and its immigration policy, reached a troubled maturity.
Good Reads: Memories of the Red Star Line
Posted: July 8, 2010 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Good Reads, Immigrants Leave a commentAuthor Mark Lamster interviews 97-year-old Morris Moel, who might possibly be the oldest surviving immigrant to come to America on the Red Star Line, whose ships brought thousands and thousands of immigrants to the USA. (Although my Grandpa Rudroff was a Hamburg American Line guy himself.)
Moel's memories of his 1922 odyssey make it clear that the immigrant's journey could be not only uncomfortable, but downright hair-raising. He remembers reaching the Russian-Polish border:
"The Russian part of the border was all forest. And we were stopped. I heard rifles being cocked while we were walking. Russian soldiers. And the soldiers searched everyone and took everything that was valuable and said you've got to go back, and I guess they [the guides] knew another route so we got through. And the Polish border was absolutely free, but it was all snow. I was so little and my older brother dragged me across that border."
And this was only the beginning! Read the whole thing, along with Lamster's Wall Street Journal article on the formation of a Red Star Line museum in Antwerp.
Will the Real Ellis Island Legend Please Stand Up?
Posted: May 12, 2010 Filed under: Genealogy | Tags: Articles, Immigrants Leave a commentNew York magazine has been putting out some little gems lately. Don't miss "Immigrant Number One," in which reporter Jesse Green explores the identity of the immigrant known as Annie Moore, who in 1892 made history by being the first arrival across the gangplank at the newly opened Ellis Island.
After that, Annie married an Irish-American in Texas and moved to New Mexico … or did she? As the article explains, Annie Moore's real identity has been something of a mystery until pretty recently, despite (or because) of her legendary status.
I'm telling you, this article has it all — tall tales, hard-luck immigrant stories, plus top-rate detective work by Megan Smolenyak, the first genealogy pro to sniff out the discrepancies in the "New Mexico Annie" story.
Green presents it all in fascinating detail and poses interesting questions about how we Americans like our popular legends served up, and why the real Annie Moore story may not have been quite the "right" sort of legend. Do read it.


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The "Player X has added Y pounds of muscle" construction is closely related to the BSOML phenomenon. Indeed, it is believed that that "muscle" and "shape" have similar roots in Indo-European etymology!*
Don't let the overgrown offseason beard fool you. Braves pitcher Tommy Hanson has been working hard this offseason, taking advantage of some new resources available to him.
Hanson spent the winter in Southern California working out at the Boras Sports Training Institute with a team of trainers … Hanson said Monday morning on the first day of the Braves' pre-spring pitching camp that he's gained 10 pounds of muscle.
On a less cliche note, everyone talks about Boras being the big willy agent because the money he gets his players. And that's clearly the best reason to hire him. But the fact that he has the money and scale to operate a training center and have a staff whose sole purpose is to cater to baseball players — and the fact that it's located in beautiful Southern California — has to be a pretty big differentiator.
*May not be true.
- Mr. Jason "El Bravo" Heyward - Feb 1, 2011 at 11:41 AM
Tommy Hanson is the best pitcher in baseball*
- Mr. Jason "El Bravo" Heyward - Feb 1, 2011 at 11:41 AM
*may not be true
- BC - Feb 1, 2011 at 11:51 AM
He'll win 35 games this year!
- Jonny 5 - Feb 1, 2011 at 12:01 PM
I gained 10 lbs of muscle last week too. That was one big meatloaf…..
Tommy "must be" using roids if he hasn't crapped out that 10 lbs by spring training.. No HOF for you!!!!
- cur68 - Feb 1, 2011 at 12:14 PM
"Human body can only gain around 7 lbs of muscle a year" (spoken in thick eastern european accent)
A. Schwarzenegger, 1981 (Known steroid user, political abuser and all round terminator.)
So, with that well established muscle authority on the record, how does our boy Hanson add 10 in less than half a year? Maybe it IS the beard?
- Jonny 5 - Feb 1, 2011 at 12:21 PM
If the HOF Nazi Murray Chass get's wind of this he will be forced to utter those words…
- sabathiawouldbegoodattheeighthtoo - Feb 1, 2011 at 1:43 PM
What he really needed to add was some offense and respectable bullpen pitching to boost his credentials. He had a great year last season, but I think every one of Wagner's blown saves came at Hanson's expense, or the offense gave him zilch.
34 starts
25 starts giving up 2 ER or less (9-4 record, so 11 ND's giving up 0-2 ER!)
15 starts giving up 1 ER or less (6-3 record, so 9 ND's after giving up 1 ER)
8 starts giving up 0 ER (4-1 record)Almost as bad as Johan (# of games Santana won in 2010 after allowing more than 1 run = 1)
- spudchukar - Feb 1, 2011 at 2:38 PM
*Not true is true. Shape, from OE (gesceap), Muscle from OG (mus). Just to be a little persnickety.


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Wednesday, November 28, 2012
A Christmas Tablescape
Wow! It has been a busy week with trying to finish the decorations, doing a little Black Friday shopping along with everything else that needs to be done! That's why I've been missing in action this week. I did take a break to put together a Christmas tablescape.
For the centerpiece, I pulled in a few gold pieces along with a cluster of crystal candlesticks.
The green wine glasses were a recent find at GW. The iced tea glasses are made by Mikasa.
The green and red plaid placemats were from a clearance sale at the dollar store several years ago. I LOVE, LOVE how they look with the place setting!
Using a red charger, I topped it with the holly Christmas plates from Gibson. Do you recognize the red plate? They are from the set of Royal Ruby that I found at GW. You can read about that here. As a matter of fact, I got the holly plates the same day. I had seen them a couple of time but really didn't need any more Christmas dishes but I knew they were look great with the Royal Ruby and for 59 cents each, you just can't beat that?
I used gold flatware and brass napkin rings to bring out the gold trim of the plate.
A little candlelight…..
good food and good company makes for an enjoyable night!
TIP OF THE DAY: I have tried NUMEROUS things to help boiled eggs peel easier and I have finally found the trick! Baking soda! We have fresh eggs and they are so difficult to peel but when I put them on to boil, I sprinkle baking soda in the water. After they cool off, I start by cracking them on the broader end because there is usually an air bubble which helps get the peeling started!
Thanks for stopping by!
Sharing with:
Wow Us Wednesday @ Savvy Southern Style
Fall into Fall @ DIY by Design
Home and Garden Thursday @ A Delightsome Life
Open House Partry @ No Minimalist Here
Winter Party @ Sand and Sisal
Let's Dish @ Cuisine Kathleen
Tips, Tutorials, & Tidbits @ StoneGable
16 comments:
First...great tip!!! I hate peeling boiled eggs because they can be such a royal pain. Even though Ramon loves deviled eggs, I don't so them often because of the egg peeling situation. I'm going to try the baking soda. OK, second...you've been MIA because you're just now finding your way out from under the Black Friday pile?!??! :-) I couldn't even do it! I was safe and snug in my bed! Last, but certainly not least, great table! I love the trees, and it's so great you found those plaid placemats! Way to go, Miss Tammy!
ReplyDelete- AnonymousNovember 28, 2012 at 9:51 PM
Love your Christmas table..love the mixture of color
Thank you so much for all your lovely comments! I try to return the favor and visit each one of you! ~Blessings, Tammy~
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Total mobility flow: a post-Kosovo role for the DIRMOBFOR. (Inside Logistics: Exploring the Heart of Logistics).
Air mobility played a crucial role by enabling and sustaining the air war that ultimately forced Milosevic to NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] demands. (1)Lieutenant General William J. Begert, USAFE Vice Commander
The commander in chief (CING) did not have a total mobility flowmaster fusing the strategic mobility triad (airlift, sealift, and prepositioning) during Operation Allied Force. Rather, he had a director of mobility forces (DTRMOBFOR) whose focus centered on airlift coordination. A sealift and prepositioning coordinator was missing, which resulted in a stovepiped and less-than optimal mobility flow in the CING's theater of operations. Simply put, use of airlift was lopsided compared to use of sealift and prepositioned assets.
To capitalize on experience gained during Operation Allied Force, this article investigates the post-Kosovo role of the director of mobility forces in integrating the total mobility system, thus enabling the commander in chief to enhance force buildup and closure capability in the future. Two critical things were not accomplished effectively during Operation Allied Force, which degraded achieving the CING's objectives. First, establishing various task force (TF) organizations to support different missions, as well as separation of the director of mobility forces and joint forces air component commander (JFACC), disrupted unity of command. Second, there was no single flowmaster to fuse all mobility requirements.
Key players in Operation Allied Force were the director of mobility forces and operational commanders (commander in chief, joint force commander, commander joint task force, and component/functional commanders). The director of mobility forces exercised coordinating authority between the airlift control center, air mobility element, joint movement center, and air operations center to expedite the resolution of airlift problems. (2) The duties and authority of the director of mobility forces were as directed by the commander, commander of Air Force forces (COMAFFOR), or JFACC to satisfy the objectives of the joint force commander. (3) The operational commanders were responsible for accomplishing the objectives of the commander in chief, They are the operators who can make the DIRMOBFOR job easy or difficult, depending on how theater command and control (C2) is organized.
There is general agreement among operational commanders that airlift is the preferred choice for rapid delivery of combat power or humanitarian relief to trouble spots worldwide- specifically, deployment, sustainment, and simply doing good things for Americans and other nations needing help. Colonel Coy, Operation Allied Force Deputy Director of Mobility Forces, affirmed this preference when he said, "Airlift is like candy. Everybody wants some ... I want it now ... I want it all." (4) Unfortunately, there is insufficient candy to pass around to everyone. Thus, use of other lift assets, such as sealift, is important and necessary.
When the Cold War ended, the Air Force formulated its Global Reach, Global Power vision. Essentially, Global Reach represented the strategic capability of the mobility air forces to deploy, sustain, and redeploy warfighters and their equipment to any part of the globe. Global Power reflected the combat forces' contribution to the equation. Today, the Air Force vision is the ability to deploy an aerospace expeditionary force to any brewing conflict or contingency on a moment's notice.
Historically, mobility air forces have proven their mettle when confronted with conflicts or contingencies. This was done under the leadership of commanders sporting a variety of titles: commander of airlift forces during the Cold War; commander of mobility forces during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm; and director of mobility forces following Desert Shield/Desert Storm, in particular during Operation Allied Force.
Lineage of Mobility Air Forces
The lineage of air mobility forces goes back to the World War II Hump airlift experience in Asia. Lieutenant General William H. Tunner controlled theater airlift distribution within China, while Major General Claire Chennault commanded the air combat forces. (5) Tunner believed his controlling airlift both into and within China facilitated the most effective utilization of assets. Chennault argued that, as Burma airlift assets periodically performed air distribution within China, he should control and direct them once they arrived in his theater. However, external developments caused by increased offensive maneuvers from Japanese forces compelled Chennault to concentrate totally on combat operations, allowing Tunner to retain sole control of airlift. (6)
During the Berlin Airlift (1948-49), General Tunner served as the theater airlift commander and worked under the commander in chief, United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). Tunner coordinated informally with the Military Air Transport Service, the predecessor of Military Airlift Command (MAC) and today's Air Mobility Command (AMC). (7)
During the Korean conflict, air mobility forces were supported by a divided airlift system operating as part of a divided strategic theater airlift system. The Army and the Air Force operated their own airlift systems, which compounded this division--unity of control was almost nonexistent. This inefficient practice was discouraged when the Secretary of the Air Force was designated as the single airlift manager for the Department of Defense. (8)
The Vietnam War repeated the Korean airlift experience. For example, overlap of responsibilities and functions in the aerial ports was standard. A Corona Harvest report advocated a single airlift manager, and the practice of overlapping responsibilities was stopped in 1974. (9)
Single airlift control, as practiced by MAC between 1974 and 1992, produced seamless airlift that resulted from a system featuring airlift experts who operated at each intra- and intertheater location. They understood airlift's role in transporting people and equipment from the US-based fort to the theater foxhole. (10)
During this period, the airlift commanders resided in the European and Pacific theaters. In Europe, the commander of the [322.sup.d] Airlift Division, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, was dual-hatted as commander of airlift forces during contingencies. The commander of airlift forces worked for the JFACC or CINCUSAFE. Similarly, the commander of the 834th Airlift Division, Hickam AFB, Hawaii, performed these same functions. This commander worked for the JFACC or commander in chief, Pacific Air Forces. However, the post-Cold War drawdown and reorganization eliminated this structure.
In 1999, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization executed Operation Allied Force to stop Slobodan Milosevic's ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. To achieve the operation's objective, a massive deployment of aircraft, troops, and cargo was required, and a high-tempo sustainment operation was established to put teeth into the commitment. Airlift and tanker assets made this effort possible (Tables 1 and 2). (11)
During Operation Allied Force, the director of the combined air operations center resided in Vicenza, Italy. The JFACC empowered the director of the combined operations center to integrate air operations via the air-tasking order. Hence, the director of mobility forces had to maintain dialog with the director of the combined operations center to achieve airlift integration in the air operations scheme.
The director of mobility forces, in concurrence with the COMAFFOR, elected to run operations within the USAFE Air Mobility Operations Control Center (AMOCC) at Ramstein. This decision was reached because the AMOCC had the strongest connectivity and reachback capability and held status as the major airlift hub within the region. (12) Reachback is defined as extensive use of forward-deployed sensor platforms while maintaining data reduction and analysis components at the home base. (13) Also, experience and lessons learned from Operation Joint Endeavor supporting humanitarian relief for Bosnia made it a mature theater command and control node. (14)
Airlift contributions to Operation Allied Force were unprecedented. General Charles T. Robertson, Jr, commander in chief, US Transportation Command (TRANSCOM)--in comparing the use of airlift during Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm and Allied Force--noted, "In ODS 9.6 % of the cargo moved by air, whereas in Operation Allied Force, 62.4 % of the cargo moved by air." (15) Sealift was used to move the Rapid Engineers Deployable Heavy Operations Repair Squadron Engineers construction equipment, Navy Seabee equipment, humanitarian airlift cargo, and ammunition from the continental United States to overseas and within the theater of operations. (16)
Unquestionably, Allied Force airlift broke the model of the traditional deployment and sustainment ratio of 10-percent airlift and 90-percent sealift typical since post-World War II. NATO attributed this unprecedented shift in airlift allocation to the reliance of senior leaders on an air campaign to decrease casualties. Some may claim the shift was caused by the unintended pursuit of using airlift before sealift, understandable because of an instinctive desire to go with the fastest mode when under pressure. But there was a price to pay.
Analysis: One Boss, One Team, and One Mission
Unlike the Berlin Airlift and MAC era when there was a clearly distinct, single airlift boss, the Allied Force DIRMOBFOR had to please multiple masters. Some may argue that Operation Allied Force was more complex than the Berlin Airlift because it involved an air-superiority campaign, force buildup, and humanitarian operations. On the other hand, the MAC-era structure may have resolved this dilemma smoothly because of a single boss arrangement, which normally simplifies unity of effort.
While the director of the combined operations center was busy fighting the air campaign that lasted for 78 days under one boss, the director of mobility forces was not as fortunate. To support both the air combat forces and air mobility forces, the director of mobility forces had to base the air mobility division (AMD) at two operating locations. One was AMD Forward, located in NATO's Regional Air Movement Control Center in Vicenza, which integrated airlift operations with the air tasking order. The other was AMD Rear, which was embedded in the AMOCC at Ramstein and coordinated the main air logistics support effort in the region.
This C2 arrangement could have spoiled the DIRMOBFOR's role as the contingency airlift flowmaster. Tasked to support demanding and politically sensitive multiple joint task force (JTF) logistics airlift operations, the consequences to the director of mobility forces could have been devastating. The support included humanitarian relief operations (JTF Shining Hope), Kosovo Forces support (JTF Falcon), a major military operation to stop Serbian atrocities in Kosovo (JTF Noble Anvil), and an Apache helicopter deployment to Tirana (TF Hawk). He also administered support for varied distinguished visitors (operational airlift support) and maintained selective air routes for continuous sustainment. (17)
Needless to say, this multisupport requirement was a coordination nightmare. Each of these complex operations required the director of mobility forces to master the balancing act of serving as airlift flowmaster and as diplomat to satisfy all the customers' needs.
For Operation Allied Force, the director of mobility forces was not located with the JFACC, much the same as in China in World War II, but coordination of airlift was clearly his responsibility, unlike the situation with Tunner and Chennault. From a C2 or airlift management perspective, it was very difficult for the director of mobility forces to support multiple and concurrent task force operations. He was expected to provide equal support to each of the JTF's missions because each mission bore equal importance in order of support due to political and military constraints from higher headquarters.
It would have been simpler for the director of mobility forces to prioritize air mobility assets if there had been a single joint force commander synchronizing the actions of the operational commanders. At least, if this concept of operations had been adopted, it could have streamlined and simplified the airlift request process.
A possible solution might have been for the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe to designate Allied Forces South to serve as the command element for all joint task forces and components or functional commanders. For example, when the director of mobility forces was challenged to concurrently support other joint task forces such as Falcon and Shining Hope with equal importance in mission priority, the C2 issue became more complicated and complex. Specifically, the director of mobility forces had to serve multiple users with different objectives. This type of environment violates two of the nine principles of war: simplicity and unity of command.
Integration of Air Operations Center
In fairness, under the circumstances and mission demands of Allied Force, the CINC's decision to separate the director of mobility forces from the director of the combined operations center allowed the JFACC to concentrate efforts on the battle. He did this by integrating the elements of combat power at his disposal, including theater air defense, combat air refueling, airborne surveillance, and command and control aircraft.
Equally important, the separation enabled the COMAFFOR to sustain air logistics support to a myriad of JTF customers. But what was sacrificed by allowing this separation to occur? According to Service and joint doctrines, the JFACC and COMAFFOR can be a single, dual-hatted position. However, during Operation Allied Force, the commander in chief decided to keep the JFACC separated from the COMAFFOR. The JFACC effectively focused on the fight, with minimum disruptions associated with air logistics support and service administrative control. The JFACC executed the air campaign through the director of the combined operations center responsible for ensuring the air and space planning and execution processes. In other words, he planned, directed, and executed joint air operations in support of the joint force commander's operational objectives. (18) In contrast, the JFACC and the COMAFFOR wore the same hat, which simplified unity of effort for the director of mobility forces to support air logistics operations duri ng Desert Storm.
Conversely, the director of mobility forces did not work under one roof and one boss. He became a man with many homes and masters, who made frequent visits to the area of responsibility to ensure air logistics support was uninterrupted and the coordination chain was not broken. The complexity of this C2 airlift scenario would cause Tunner to turn in his grave.
To compensate for this handicap, the director of mobility forces had to capitalize on the existing infrastructure. By using a hybrid approach, he integrated AMC's air mobility element or air mobility division staff with USAFE's AMOCC staff to combine airlift operations as much as possible. (19) He also established the AMD Forward and AMD Rear, in conjunction with NATO's Regional Air Movement Control Center and AMOCC, to support JTF Noble Anvil's air logistics sustainment for the air fight.
Reliance on Airlift Support Exceeded Its Capability
The Allied Force mobility experience was an anomaly in that it was predominately an airlift effort. The multiple and concurrent airlift operations to support deployment and redeployment, humanitarian relief operations, and air campaign sustainment could have reached a culminating point if there had been competing airlift requirements to support another theater of operations.
The Air Force made it clear in a mobility study that its airlift capability can support only one major theater war (MTW). According to TRANSCOM officials, the US military has one MTW [airlift] force to fight a two-MTW strategy. (20) For instance, during Operation Allied Force, the AMC-tasked mobility forces spent two-thirds of the total airlift assets! (21)
Should commanders in chief be alarmed by this stretched airlift capability? According to the report to Congress on Kosovo and Operation Allied Force, the proper use of all means of strategic lift, supported by earlier assessment of ground-and-sea infrastructure, might result in faster force closure in future deployments. (22) Accordingly, Brigadier General Robert D. Bishop's (director of mobility forces during Allied Force) joint transportation experience and familiarity with the theater's geography and staff allowed him to effectively recommend usage of other modes of transportation when practical and economical. (23) However, Bishop's effort was not enough to achieve a proper balance of all facets of the mobility triad. Overreliance on airlift during Operation Allied Force affirmed that some operators were unaware of other parts of the strategic mobility triad. The commanders in chief should suggest that TRANSCOM perform a feasibility study that examines expanding the DIRMOBFOR's role into one of total mobi lity flowmaster. Presently, no system exists to fuse all lift aspects into a coherent enabling force in a theater. The closest structures in the CINC's staff with an interest in this issue are the Joint Movement Center and Joint Operations Planning and Execution System (also known as Jopesters) staffs and the TRANSCOM liaison. However, these staffs normally handle issues at the operational level and may not have an operator's tactical view of the battlefield. One possible solution to alleviate this issue is to integrate a Military Sealift Command and Military Traffic Management Command liaison with the DIRMOBFOR staff to ensure sealift considerations are equally weighed in as airlift. In short, allocation of elements within the mobility triad is fragmented and stovepiped and needs a quick fix to achieve efficiency. An airlift model using the DIRMOBFOR template should be explored for sealift and prepositioning elements to perpetuate an integrated mobility system--responsive, agile, and flexible to the CINC's needs.
What if the air campaign had lasted more than 180 days versus 78 days? Would airlift capability have continued to deteriorate? When factoring in C-141 and C-5 aging because of overuse, reliability problems, and a smaller forward operating base presence, one could envision a broken air mobility system!
Even when all C-17s and C-5s are fully operational, the warfighters need to continue capitalizing on use of sealift because the C-141s are overworked and have reached their life expectancy. The Air Force has retired 77 C-141s, but approximately 120 remain in the active duty fleet, with 47 in the Reserves. (24) As of October 1999, only 24 of 163 C-141s and 22 of 126 C-5s were available for missions. (25) Fortunately, Operation Allied Force was already over, thus keeping these poor reliability rates from making a tremendous dent in the mission. The C-5 mission-capable rate has gotten so bad that it compelled TRANSCOM to make two C-5s available for each mission to ensure it had one plane that worked. (26)
Undoubtedly, this condition could pose a challenge for a commander in chief when requesting forces in response to the National Command Authority's mandate. To compensate for this shortfall in organic airlift support, the Secretary of Defense, through TRANSCOM, may have to activate the Civil Reserve Air Fleet to meet a major theater crisis. Another possible alternative is maximizing the use of another element of the strategic triad to reduce the airlift footprint.
The Air Force has 40-plus C-17s in the inventory, and Congress has approved the purchase of a total of 135. (27) This number, however, challenges the flexibility of air mobility forces to satisfy the needs of the commander in chief. In the words of General Robertson:
The USAF "trading" 217 C-141s for 135 C-17s in a one-for-two swap will cause problems. Despite the C-17's lifting capacity, one airplane cannot be in two places at the same time. What we have is a significant loss of flexibility and capability in peacetime to serve the customers. (28)
An Allied Force success story was AMC' s transfer of tactical control of 12 C-17s to the USAFE commander during the deployment of both TF Hawk and TF Falcon. (29) No doubt, this transfer allowed the director of mobility forces to improve airlift effectiveness, efficiency, and synergy. The transfer was possible because USAFE was considered a mature theater with the right reachback and C2 connectivity and Joint Endeavor experience. The practice can best be carried out on a sortie-by-sortie basis when airlift is most effective and economical. This demonstration of operational art enabled the mobility air force team, under the able leadership of the director of mobility forces, to achieve a mission success rate of 93.6 percent. (30)
Suppose the director of mobility forces had resided in the combined operations center under the leadership of the JFACC. Would he have been as successful as working for the COMAFFOR? Some say he would have been more successful because he would have better adhered to the singleness of control fundamental: aerospace power is most effective when it is focused in purpose and not needlessly dispersed. (31) Others would suggest that it does not matter for whom he works; he will get the job done if empowered to handle the entire logistics airlift under well-defined command and control. The real issue is not about who is the boss; it is about the principle of achieving unity of effort by streamlining the C2 layers.
Facing the Future
One Joint Force Commander
The commander in chief needs one joint force commander to effectively, efficiently, and synergistically employ airlift resources. Equally important, a perpetual link between the director of mobility forces and the JFACC or COMAFFOR should be pursued to strengthen the joint force commander's role as a single boss for all airlift apportionment and priority. Moreover, by linking the director of mobility forces to the JFACC, the commander in chief or commander of the joint task force would have a dedicated entry point for logistical air movements. A potential value added exists if commanders in chief and TRANSCOM adopt the proposed DIRMOBFOR's expanded role as the theater's total mobility flowmaster during a contingency. The benefit from this expanded role should provide the commander of the joint task force a dedicated entry point for all logistical movements in the joint area of operations.
Separation of the air mobility operations control center and director of mobility forces could work if reachback capabilities continue to improve. However, separation of the director of mobility forces and the JFACC should be avoided as much as possible to integrate all aspects of air operations. They should be collocated to ensure airlift needs are effectively met. This system worked well during the pre-Desert Shield/Desert Storm period.
The warfighters should exploit the strategic mobility triad to relieve the airlift operations tempo. According to its new vision, the Army intends to create a rapid-deployment force capable of putting combat forces anywhere in the world in 96 hours after lift-off. (32) In the same manner, the Air Force plans to move five aerospace expeditionary forces in 15 days. (33) Surely, this vision is ambitious and calls for full employment of the strategic mobility triad as well as wider accessibility to host-nation support and contingency contracting.
Mobility Flowmaster
To meet this rapid deployment vision, the commanders in chief should consider growing and nurturing a director of mobility forces capable of infusing the strategic mobility triad into a coherent and responsive system. Simply put, the commanders in chief need more than an airlift flowmaster. They need a total mobility flowmaster capable of coordinating all elements of the triad to improve force closure. Similarly, the Services' foreign area officers and Embassy country teams should capitalize on the host-nation infrastructure to complement the critical factors of the triad. When appropriate and relevant, this new role should be integrated into joint training and professional military education to increase situational awareness of the mobility triad.
There is no question that decreased airlift capability and forward-operating bases pose a challenge to the operational commanders. Innovation and increased discipline in enforcing current doctrine could ease their concern. The following recommendations are worthy of exploration:
* Designate a single joint force commander, when possible, to command a major operation. The joint force commander's role as a single point of contact would allow the director of mobility forces to prioritize and apportion limited airlift assets. He does this by supporting the commanders' airlift requirements on a particular day and on a specific mission specified by the joint force commander through the JFACC.
* Make the director of mobility forces and JFACC inseparable. Collocation of JFACC and the director of mobility forces under one roof should be pursued whenever feasible to optimize and simplify working relationships. A total reliance on a reachback capability approach lacks the human touch that works well when working under the same roof, rather than communicating via electrons across the pond.
* Educate and train warfighters in the strategic mobility triad. The fusion of airlift, sealift, and prepositioning elements produces an effective lift capability for the operational commanders. Not everyone can be first in line for airlift.
* Expand the DIRMOBFOR's role to become the total mobility flowmaster. This expanded role should allow the commander in chief to enhance force buildup and closure because it would maximize use of all the strategic mobility triad elements.
After a half century of airlift, the possibility of misapplication still lurks. Operation Allied Force nearly caused the airlift system to reach its culminating point in a relatively minor conflict. A team effort from the participants averted this potential downfall. The DIRMOBFOR's utility to the operational commanders can be achieved by properly applying a unity of effort and command principles. The concept of one boss, one team, and one mission will streamline and synchronize airlift support. Linking the JFACC and director of mobility forces in the air operations center would effectively match limited assets against unlimited requirements. Educating and training airlift users on the viability of the entire strategic mobility triad may help ease airlift operations tempo.
Allied Force's experience confirmed that all elements of the strategic mobility triad were not fully engaged because there was no single mobility flowmaster dedicated to integrate them into a coherent, agile, and responsive system. In short, there was no DIRMOBFOR-like model for sealift and prepositioning similar to the airlift piece.
Clearly, a commander in chief needs a director of mobility forces who can effectively leverage not only the airlift piece but also the full spectrum of the strategic mobility triad. This expanded role should provide the commander in chief another tool to enhance force buildup and closure capability in the future.
Table 1. Airlift and Tanker Report Card Airlift Missions STons Pax TF Hawk 737 22,937 7,745 TF Falcon 253 11,886 2,525 Shining Hope 264 6,422 943 Flex Anvil 1,169 1,742 Sky Anvil 889 1,970 Tanker Missions STons Pax Tanker Data 6,959 311,700,000 lbs offloaded B-2 global power 48 15,800,000 lbs offloaded 306 tanker sorties Table 2. Intratheater Lift Successes C-17 Sorties C-130 Sorties STons TF Hawk (8 Apr 99-6 May 99) 442 269 22,937 TE Falcon 253 26 11,948 Joint Endeavor (8 Dec 95-9 Feb 96) 494 791 23,883
(1.) William J. Begert, "Kosovo and Theater Air Mobility," Aerospace Power Journal, Winter 1999, 16.
(2.) Joint Publication 4-01.1, Joint Techniques, Tactics, and Procedures for Airlift Support to Joint Operations, Washington DC, 20 Jul 96, II-10.
(3.) Ibid.
(4.) Colonel Coy, Deputy DIRMOBFOR Operation Allied Force, Working Brief, Air Mobility Warfare Center Course, "DIRMOBFOR," AMWC, Courseware, Fort Dix, New Jersey, Mar 00.
(5.) William H. Tunner, Over the Hump, New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1964, 116-124.
(6.) Ibid.
(7.) Tunner, 186-190.
(8.) Betty R. Kennedy, "Evolution of Roles and Missions Authorities Vested in AMC and USTRANSCOM, 1941-1994," background paper, Headquarters AMC Historian's Office, 30 Nov 94, 3-4.
(9.) Richard T. Devereaux, "Theater Airlift Management and Control: Should We Turn Back the Clock to Be Ready for Tomorrow," School of Advanced Airpower Studies thesis, Sep 94, 12.
(10.) Randy A. Kee, "Historical Lessons from Air Mobility Operations," Aerospace Power Journal Air Chronicles [Online] Available: maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/research/bridge/chp3.htm.4.
(11.) Coy.
(12.) Author's telephone interview with Dennis D'Angelo, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, 17 Apr 00.
(13.) Report to Congress, "Kosovo/Operation Allied Force After-Action Report," 31 Jan 00, 55.
(14.) D'Angelo.
(15.) John A. Tirpak, "Kosovo Retrospective," Air Force Magazine, Apr 00, 1.
(16.) Author's telephone interview with Jay Standring, Military Sealift Command Headquarters, 5 Jun 00.
(17.) D'Angelo.
(18.) Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Washington DC, 15 Apr 98, 20.
(19.) D'Angelo.
(20.) Bryant Jordan and Sean Naylor. "Too Heavy," Army Times, 6 Sep 99, 14.
(21.) Begert, 11-21.
(22.) "Kosovo/Operation Allied Force After-Action Report, 41.
(23.) D'Angelo.
(24.) Bryant Jordan, "Guard Wants C-141 Reprieve, "Air Force Times, 8 Nov 99, 16.
(25.) Ibid.
(26.) William Matthews, "Weapons and Warfare," Air Force Times, 25 Oct 99, 18.
(27.) Ibid.
(28.) Tirpak, 1.
(29.) Begert, 11-21.
(30.) Coy.
(31.) Kee.
(32.) George Seffers and Robert Holzer, "Focus on Better Sealift, Airlift," Marines Times, 8 May 00, 24.
(33.) Bruce Rolfsen, "One Measure of Strength: How Fast Can Air Force Move?" Air Force Times, 8 May 00, 20.
Colonel Cabana is the commander of the 37th Logistics Group, Lackland AFB, Texas.
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CORPUS CHRISTI - When Amanda Kiser's father died six years ago she was in a world of pain and going to school became more of an obstacle than an escape.
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Level Answer 1 Bubble, Children, Bucket 2 Swim, Water, Arm 3 Hands, Adult, Child 4 Shoes, Football, Grass 5 Operation, Blood, Tubes 6 Christmas, Baby, December 7 School, Books, Bench 8 Ambulance, Road...
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Has a glitch and so aggravating. the answer is turquoise and wont do it. so anyone who is coming close to the level might as well stop now cause it gonna piss you off...
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text: GNC Mega Men 50 Plus Multivitamin, Timed Release Caplets- As men get older, their nutritional requirements may start to shift. It becomes more important than ever before for you to get the proper levels of certain nutrients. Many people turn to multivitamins for an extra boost. GNC Mega Men 50 Plus Multivitamin, Timed Release Caplets have been designed by one of the world's top manufacturers, and they may help promote healthy aging.Supplement Your Diet with GNC Mega Men 50 PlusGNC Mega Men 50 Plus Multivitamin, Timed Release Caplets are specially formulated to help supplement your diet during your golden years. Releasing a steady flow of nutrients throughout the day, these caplets contain high levels of vitamins A, C, D, E, and K as well as a wide range of B vitamins like thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, folate, B6, and B12. This particular multivitamin has recently been reformulated with 1600 IU of vitamin D-3, which may help support colon health. It's also rich in antioxidants, lycopene, selenium, choline, and L-arginine. The potential benefits of multivitamins are not vetted or supported by the FDA, and you should always consult your doctor before starting this or any other nutritional supplement. GNC History and Company MissionFounded in 1935 by David Shakarian, GNC (short for General Nutrition Companies, Inc.) is the world's largest retailer specializing in vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements. From its humble beginnings in Pittsburgh, PA, the company spread to major markets around the country during the latter half of the 20th century. There are currently more than 8,700 retail locations around the globe selling GNC products. As a manufacturer, GNC is committed to helping people "Live Well." Its products are all made with the best available ingredients and backed by cutting-edge scientific research and discovery. The company guarantees the freshness and potency of all its supplements and ensures that all products make it from the factory to the consumer as quickly as possible. |


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Coran discovers all sorts of adventures with women, roses, and the danger of being too attractive for your own good...
SPOILER ALERT: To read sections that contain spoiler information, select/highlight the invisible text or hover your mouse over it.
Coran's Quest walkthrough/summary
Enter the Firewine Bridge Area with Coran in your group. After a while a banter between Coran and the PC begins about a lovely Lady. You can find this lovely Lady near the entrance to the Firewine Ruins. Her name is Amelia.
You have now three choices:
If you do not help Amelia, enter the Firewine Ruins. You can find Natan near the exit. He will speak to you automatically.
You have now three choices:


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Re: Islander 28 Backstay Adjuster Preferences
Here is an update. I removed the fore stay and pulled the mast vertical and measured about 4.5 inch extension required. I bought new link plates and plan to use a back stay adjuster to take up the slack created by the forestay adjustment. New shorter back stays was going to be about $100 each to have made and believe I can add the adjuster cheaper. I don't want to bend the mast or add backwards rake, just get it verticle as that aseems to be the original design. Waiting for parts to come in before the fitting out takes palce and I will advise on my success.
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Hello, my name is Frederick, I'm American, and I've lived in Barcelona for the last 8 years working as a Rick Steves tour guide.
I hope to see you soon in Barcelona!
Frederick has completed online and offline ID verification.
Nice apartment, awesome location. Only complaint was that the WiFi network mysteriously disappeared several times, for at least 12 hours at a time. But since we were only staying three days it wasn't a big deal. I'd definitely recommend it, though.
Great trip with perfect accommodation. We were 3 adults for almost a week. The flat is nicely renovated. It was clean and had anything we needed. Special extra point for the roof top terrace with the best view ! Highly recommended!
Très bon séjour, appartement tout proche de la plage (moins d'une minute). Assez proche du métro et des lieux festifs, idéal pour notre séjour d'une semaine durant ce mois d'août. Rien à signaler, tout était correct et propre si ce n'est les escaliers assez étroit pour monter jusqu'à l'appartement. La literie toute neuve était parfaite, aucun problème de sommeil. Recommandé !
We stayed as a group of four. The apartment is very well-located and confortable. Frederick is an excellent host and was very helpful with providing various information before our stay. We had a great time!
This was the best AirBnB apartment we had the pleasure of staying in during a month travelling through Spain. The location is unbeatable, the apartment is safe, new, clean and private. But what is most amazing is the private rooftop terrace with uninterrupted views of the Alhambra - it's beyond words. Beatriz was an incredible host. Book this place, you will certainly be missing out if you don't when in Granada, trust me!!
Apartment is very well located and perfect for people up to 3. Frederick is a great host. Despite a series of problems which occurred during our stay, he resolved all of them and we enjoyed our vacation very much!
Location was everything with this apartment. Only a few minutes walk to the beach. Surrounded by numerous bars, cafes and convenience stores. The downsides were very noisy air con unit - wasn't easy to sleep with it on, and the shower head only stays up when facing right up against the wall. Frederick was very helpful. If it's a holiday right by the beach, in modest accommodation that you want - this is a great place to stay.
The hosts are what made the experience 5 star. Not only do they provide a detailed guide of what to experience, but they make themselves available to answer any questions without hesitation. As an example, we had mentioned that we were seeking to acquire a keyboard during our email exchanges, prior to our arrival, and when we checked in Fredrick had a list of potential locations with addresses to visit at our convenience. The location is perfect, perfect! We enjoyed our strolls on the beach and always felt safe no matter what hour. Commuting to Gotic and the other neighborhoods was a quick and inexpensive cab ride. And I must highlight Salamanca, the restaurant. We love great service and these folks go out of their way to make you feel like an honored guest. The food was simply delicious, the service was exceptional, and it's beach view in the evenings just made all right in the world. The unit itself is simple, clean, and serves it's purpose. It's quiet. And again, situated in the right spot.
appartement confortable, climatisation appréciable avec à disposition la piscine , cool ! vie locale à proximité , vrais resto à tapas et pas resto pour touristes. Proches métro pour être au coeur de la ville. grand salon idéal pour regarder les JO de Londres ! Dommage qu'on n'est pas pu voir Frédérik et Mayra mais bon Willy a été très bien. Mes filles veulent revenir ! Beau séjour et proches de la plage.
Friendly, easy to communicate with and left the apartment clean and tidy. Excellent guest, whom I would highly recommend to any future hosts.
Very nice people and excellent guest! Thanks a lot Frederick.
Frederick was delightful to deal with and even though i had a problem with the water heater he was not phased and helped as much as he could.
very nice guests, tidy, clean and good communication.


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Message from the Division Chief
Amado X. Freire, MD, MPH, D-ABSM, FACP, FCCP, FCCM, FAASM. C Vitae
Welcome to the UTHSC Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicines website. The Division is committed to its triple mission of providing excellence in patient care, being on the cutting edge of research, and promoting superior education & training.
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11:00 p.m.: Tri-Sci-Fi: A Chillogy. Air conditioning: Pleasant. Edmund Cionek's authentically bizarre musical features pieces about Thoreau's alien abduction, Ed Wood's angora fetish, and space travel. Shrewdly arranged and well sung, the show ends with a rousing ode to alien life forms. "We'll walk hand in hand," sang the cast, "If they have hands!" The crowd, who did have handstwo each, at leastused them to applaud.
More Fringe Festival Coverage:
"Meanwhile, on the Fringe Festival's Nonmusical Stages . . ."


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Midwest's greatest asset is its quality employees! Click here to view our current job opportunities.
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Rockbox mail archiveSubject: WPS_TOKEN_REPLAY_GAIN (%rg) slightly brokenWPS_TOKEN_REPLAY_GAIN (%rg) slightly broken
From: Edgar Toernig <froese_at_gmx.de>
Date: Tue, 8 Jun 2010 00:03:32 +0200
while playing with my theme I noticed that the
intval becomes 8 and string buf is uninitialized.
I think, moving the "if (global_settings...)" into
skin_tokens.c around line 1388:
Ciao, ET.
PS: Wishlist: a mono/stereo wps token
Page was last modified "Jan 10 2012" The Rockbox Crew |


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Alexander, Mr James (2009) Conversations on the Search for a 'Physics & Chemistry – an Alchemy' of Innovation - Reward Systems. [Preprint]
Full text available as:
PDF (figuures images in jpeg) - Submitted Version Restricted to Registered users only until 11 November 2011. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. 165Kb |
Bruno Latour in "How to evaluate innovation" develops a fairly simple well argumented procedure based upon the experimental sciences which may prove valuable to all. Latour suggests that the scientific method should be applied not only by scientists but even more so by major decision makers especially politician. Doing one's best and working for the better are some of the the questions discussed in this paper. Some of Latour's concepts are clarified by translation to simple graphical models. Models for failure MTBF-mean time between failure - are playfully, creatively transformed into models for success. In spite of the many serious issues discussed,this paper hopefully remains light-hearted in its style and approach.
Item Type: | Preprint |
Additional Information: | Use of Humour in creativity, Aims to make light reading, Original short poems on science colour descriptions and concepts. This is the only full revised version complete with figures, images and posters. Previous versions have I believe a draft or preprint status. |
Keywords: | Scientific Method, Generalized Applications, Politics, Simple Models, KISS, Classical Innovation Model, Idealised Innovation Model, Project Management and Job Search Analogy, Bath-tube model (MTBF), Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Failure Model, Model for Success. Cognitive Management, Knowledge Management, Decision Analysis, |
Subjects: | Psychology > Applied Cognitive Psychology Philosophy > Ethics Philosophy > Philosophy of Science Philosophy > Decision Theory |
ID Code: | 6322 |
Deposited By: | Alexander, Mr. James |
Deposited On: | 21 Jan 2009 22:43 |
Last Modified: | 11 Mar 2011 08:57 |
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Stacked Squash and Bell Pepper Enchiladas
Here's a vegetable-filled variation of the traditional stacked cheese enchilada. Using vegan cheese, summer squashes, and bell peppers, these are a snap to make. Serve with baked sweet potatoes and a big salad.
Serves: 6
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 medium yellow summer squash, halved lengthwise and thinly sliced
- 1 medium zucchini, cut to match summer squash
- 1 medium yellow or orange bell pepper, cut into short, narrow strips
- 1 medium red bell pepper, cut to match green pepper
- 1/4 cup minced fresh cilantro
- 12 corn tortillas
- Enchilada Sauce
- 1 1/2 cups grated vegan cheese
Heat the oil with 2 tablespoons water in a large skillet. Add the squashes and bell peppers and cook, covered, until just tender, stirring occasionally.
Preheat the oven to 400º F.
Line a baking sheet with parchment. Arrange 6 tortillas on it in and layer them as follows: A small amount of the sauce, a layer of the vegetables, a sprinkling of cheese, another tortilla, more sauce and another sprinkling of cheese.
Bake for 8 to 10 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and the enchiladas are hot. Transfer the enchiladas to plates and serve at once.
- Here are more recipes using bell peppers.
- For lots more Southwestern-style recipes, go to A Southwestern Supper.


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Biographies of Poets & Composers: Main Page | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Bach & Other Composers
Theodor Szántó (Composer, Arranger)
Born: June 3, 1877 – Vienna, Austria (then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire) Died: January 7, 1934 - Budapest, Hungary
The Hungarian Jewish pianist and composer, Theodor (Tivadar) Szántó, was born in Vienna, then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His family name was originally Smulevic, of Jewish and Slavic origin. His musical studies were in Vienna and Budapest, and with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin from 1898 to 1901. He resided in Paris from 1905, Switzerland from 1914, and Budapest from 1921 until his death there in 1934. Theodor Szántó contributed substantially to the rewriting of the piano part of the third and final version of Frederick Delius's Piano Concerto in C minor, and he introduced this version at a Prom Concert in London on 22 October 1907 under Henry J. Wood. For these services, Delius dedicated the Concerto to Szántó. He also played the work at the Proms in 1912, 1913 and 1921. This final version has become the standard version, but Delius's original conception has also been recorded. Theodor Szántó was an early champion of the music of Zoltán Kodály and Béla Bartók. It was his playing of B. Bartók's Romanian Dance in 1914 that introduced Arthur Hartmann to the music of that composer. For his part, however, B. Bartók had little respect for Szántó. Theodor Szántó exhibited an interest in the music of Japan by writing at least three works using Japanese influences (an opera, an orchestral suite, and a piano suite). He also made some piano transcriptions of works by J.S. Bach and Igor Stravinsky, which reveal a virtuoso technique. He was considered an important piano teacher. His students included Berta Alves de Sousa in Paris. He was awarded the Legion of Honour.
Original works: Violin Sonata (1906) Land and Sea Symphony (1909) Contrasts, piano suite (1912) Variations on a Hungarian Folksong, piano (1915) Symphonic Rhapsody (1917) In Japan: Essays and Studies in Japanese Harmony based on Native Songs, piano (1918-1922; recorded by Noriko Ogawa)( Taifun: A Japanese Tragedy in Three Acts, an opera on a Japanese subject, set to a libretto by Menyhert Lengyel based on his play Typhoon (premiered in Mannheim on November 19, 1924, and had later productions in Antwerp, Budapest and Vienna) Japan Suite, orchestra (1926) Magyarorszag: Concert Sonata in Hungarian style, violin and piano; dedicated to Eugène Ysaÿe Transcriptions: J.S. Bach: About a dozen transcriptions, including: Fantasia & Fugue in G minor, BWV 542 (1904; recorded by Cyprien Katsaris and Marc-André Hamelin) Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 (1912) Prelude & Fugue in C minor, BWV 546 (1914) Passacaglia in C minor, BWV 582 (1932) 4 Organ Chorale Preludes (c1900) - Aus der Tiefe rufe ich, BWV 745 - Ach bleib' bei uns, Herr Jesu Christ, BWV 649 - Jesu Leiden, Pein und Tod, BWV Anh 57 - Allein Gott in der Höh sei Ehr (III), BWV 663 Igor Stravinsky: Suite of five pieces from Petrushka (1922): "Fète populaire de la semaine grasse", "Chez Petrouchka", "Chez le maure", "Danse de la ballerina", "Danse russe" "Marche chinoise" from Le Rossignol
Source: Wikipedia Website (June 2013) Contributed by
Theodor Szántó
Links to other Sites
Theodor Szántó (Wikipedia)
Szanto, Theodor (Piano Rare Scores)
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Just one thought...
I would rather get the best diamond I can in a really simple and disposable setting, so that she can get the setting she wants later. This would sort out most issues since you can surely get a nice diamond online, maximize budget, fit in the tight schedule and make absolutely sure your girl gets the ring she certainly wants the most with a great stone. Unless the ring you have in mind is an absolutely unique object, chances are very simmilar ones woudl be aroud... and, I can asure you, very, very few people would complain about being presented with the task to choose their favorite setting for a nice diamond. The other way around is much more difficult. Does this make sense? added: now I see the choice of setting! I believe most diamodn sellers can get one of those for you, even if the choice is not listed on their website. teh stile is widely available. I woudl certainly ask about this... Your schedule becomes much more believable if you get the seller of the stone to set it for you, I guess. |
Agreed with valeria101. You can certainly get it done in that timeframe, but I'd get it set into a disposable setting, make it clear to her that's it's temporary, and then you could save up for her wedding set later. Some women want their e-ring and w-ring to match anyway, and sometimes it takes some time getting a w-ring to fit well with the e-ring, so shopping for it later is a great alternative.
thanks so much for the terrific ideas, valeria! I'm glad you mentioned the one of asking the diamond dealer if they could get the setting. That's what I really wanted to do as I thought it would save time and effort. But I consistently found good diamonds on one site and a good price for the setting on another. Couldn't seem to find both on one.
The lucida (https://www.diamonds-usa.com//diamond_rings/Jewel_Details.asp?cart=1&MetalID=3&Jid=83), btw, is in my gf's top 3 settings. (I found out from a friend of hers). So, if I can get it for a decent price, it should allow me to get a better cut/color. Which is sort of in line with the "disposable setting" concept (which is a good idea, too... I'll have a think about that). Anyway, thanks everyone for all the reassurances, warm welcomes and great ideas. (That lowered my heart rate a few beats). -aislinn |


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Blue Ivy
39 Blue Ivy Articles
Blue Ivy: Beyonce & Jay Z Enroll Daughter In $15K A Year Private School
3 months ago 8Beyonce and Jay Z only want the best for their precious Blue Ivy and that means an elite private school! Little Blue will be walking the halls at her… Read Article ▶
Blue Ivy: Beyonce & Jay Z Throw Her 'Frozen'-Themed Birthday Bash
4 months ago 2Blue Ivy may have spent last month traveling the world for her father Jay Z's birthday, but now it's her turn celebrate! Beyonce shared a candid snap… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Instagram
Beyonce Flaunts Cleavage On Family Christmas Trip To Iceland — Pic
4 months ago 17Everyone is having a great time with their families for the holidays, but from the looks of Beyonce's Tumblr, she's been having more fun than the… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Beyonce
Beyonce's Solo Christmas Card: No Jay Z & Blue Ivy
4 months ago 3Beyonce's new Christmas card is nothing short of amazing but we can't help but wonder why Jay Z and Blue Ivy didn't make the cut! Is there trouble in… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Instagram/Fameflynet
Beyonce Shows Off Blue Ivy's Radical New Hair — See Pic
4 months ago 8Blue Ivy steals the show yet again! The two-year-old raced around Bey's glamorous photo shoot sporting some crazy pinned up hair. See the pic… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Beyonce
Solange Knowles: Jay Z & Adorable Blue Ivy Wear All-White For Wedding
5 months ago 12It's a family affair! Jay Z and little Blue Ivy joined Beyonce in New Orleans on Nov. 16 in honor of Solange Knowles' big wedding day to music video… Read Article ▶
Pacific Coast News
Beyonce Dresses Blue Ivy As Michael Jackson — See Adorable Pic
6 months ago 15Beyonce dressed up as her idol Janet Jackson for Halloween and she had the perfect accessory -- a mini Michael! Doesn't Blue Ivy look absolutely… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Instagram
North West Vs. Blue Ivy: Which Rich Baby's Style Do Love Best? Vote
7 months ago 47It's the ultimate battle of babies! North West and Blue Ivy Carter are little fashionistas already, but whose style do you love best? Browse our… Read Article ▶
Blue Ivy: Cutest Pics Ever Amidst Beyonce Pregnancy Rumors
8 months ago 25Blue Ivy is just adorable! Beyonce and Jay Z's little one is looking cuter than ever while the family vacations in Paris. See the new pics! Doesn't… Read Article ▶
Blue Ivy Dancing At The VMAs & More: Her Best & Worst Moments
8 months ago 3Blue Ivy is the cutest little girl we've ever seen! She's the daughter of Beyonce and Jay Z. How could she not be? Browse our gallery of Blue Ivy's… Read Article ▶
Getty/Courtesy of Instagram/HBO
Karrueche Tran Apologizes For Dissing Blue Ivy's Hair: 'I Love Blue'
8 months ago 14Karrueche Tran's in big trouble! After receiving countless tweets condemning her rude remark about Blue Ivy's natural VMAs curls on BET's '106… Read Article ▶
Courtesy of Instagram/Getty
Beyonce & Jay Z: VMA Smiles Can't Hide Marriage Tension — Expert Says
8 months ago 30Beyonce and Jay Z kissed onstage at the 2014 VMAs on Aug. 24, but an expert tells HollywoodLife.com that the couple's body language shows they're not… Read Article ▶
More Blue Ivy


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Y É L S É R Kf y r e d r a g á n immortal, furious, malevolent ~ * ~ If you have your life forsaken, once you have the dragon awaken, your life will be taken. For even immortality perishes in his wake. ~ * ~ Never up for trade or adoption.
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