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The present invention relates to improved radiation curable toner compositions, in particular UV-curable toner particles for use in such compositions, as well as to improved dry developer compositions and methods of printing using the toner or developer compositions. The present invention also relates to a more efficient method of fusing and curing dry toner particles, and to substrates printed with a toner comprising said improved radiation curable toner compositions.
In imaging methods like electro(photo)graphy, magnetography, ionography, etc. a latent image is formed which is developed by attraction of so called toner particles. Afterwards the developed latent image (toner image) is transferred to a final substrate and fused to this substrate. In direct electrostatic printing (DEP) printing is performed directly from a toner delivery means on a receiving substrate by means of an electronically addressable print head structure.
Toner particles are basically polymeric particles comprising a polymeric resin as a main component and various ingredients mixed with said toner resin. Apart from colourless toners, which are used e.g. for finishing function, the toner particles comprise at least one black and/or colouring substances, e.g., coloured pigment.
Originally, colour electro(photo)graphy was mostly used for producing coloured images (e.g. graphic arts, presentations, coloured books, dissertations, etc.). When the process speed of producing digital coloured images increased, other more productive applications also came into the picture (direct mailing, transactional printing, packaging, label printing, security printing, etc.). This means that after the operation of being produced by electro(photo)graphy, the toner images further have to withstand some external factors applied during the subsequent treatments. The problems associated with multiple, superimposed layers of toner particles that are in one way or another fixed on a substrate are manifold, not only with respect to image quality but also with respect to image stability and with respect to mechanical issues.
An example of high mechanical impact on the toner layers is the sorting of printed papers (e.g. direct mail applications). The fast turning wheels of a sorting machine can give a temperature increase above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin used, that can cause contamination with pigmented toner resin on the next coming papers. Another application where the heat and mechanical resistance of the toner layer is stressed is the production of e.g. car manuals. When the temperature inside the car rises above the Tg of the toner resin (e.g. when parked in the sun), the papers in the manual can stick to each other.
Another example of limited mechanical strength of conventional toner is the breaking of the toner layer during folding of the printed matter due to the brittleness of the toner layer.
In the case of printing packaging materials with the use of toner technology, increased temperatures are met in many ways. Plastic can be used as a substrate and bags made out of it with the use of a sealing apparatus. If the sealing temperature is above the Tg of the toner resin used, the toner images get disturbed or perturbed. Other requirements of the printed matter in the field of packaging are the retortability, where the toner has to withstand a temperature of 121° C. for 30 minutes in a 100% humidity environment (equivalent to a sterilization process for food) and a wrinkle test called the gelboflex test where the printed material is torsioned 20 times. With conventional toner the toner will peel off or the image gets completely disturbed.
For a lot of these applications, a toner resin with a higher Tg and Tm should be used, but then the amount of energy necessary to fuse the toner particle onto the substrate would be so high that the application is energetically not interesting anymore. Secondly a lot of substrates can't be used anymore. High Tg toners exist already, but the demand for high speed engines increases the demand for toner particles which can be fused at normal temperatures at a very high speed.
All the above requirements can be solved by using a radiation curable toner known per se from the literature.
The use of a transparent cover coat made out of radiation curable toner particles has been described already in e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,905,012 to protect an image produced by electrophotography to thereby improve the weather resistance of an image produced by means of electrophotography.
A non-image-wise transparent UV curable coating has been described already in EP-A-1.288.724 to give a flexible, high gloss finishing to printed papers. Prints obtained by means of electrophotography and by the use of thermally fixable toner are thermal stable only to approximately 100° C. Packaging materials must however partly be heated to temperatures far above 100° C. during the production of sealed packaging. Thus for example for sealable packaging, a completely transparent, heat resistant coat layer from a toner hardening by UV light has been described in EP 1,186,961.
In EP1,341,048 a process is described for cross linking an unsaturated polyester under UV light.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,782 a UV curable toner is described based on a cationic UV curable polymer in order to improve the mechanical resistance of the image when fusing at low temperatures.
The use of UV curable pigmented powders is already well known in the field of powder coatings (e.g. EP 792,325), but there are some major differences with respect to the field of toner. The size of the particles (6-10 microns for toner versus>30 microns for powder coatings) and the particle size distribution are quite different. Also the thickness of the layers applied with powder coatings is at least a factor 3 to 4 times thicker in comparison with the toner images. The speed of fusing and curing is very low (compared to the high speed printers which are now available in the field (e.g. Igen3, Xeikon 5000, etc.). Powder coatings are also not applied image wise. The powders are charged by some means and brought onto the surface of the material, which has to be coated. This is all quite different from toner, which is brought either directly image wise on a substrate, or via a latent image on a photoconductor to a substrate.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,212,526 an UV curable liquid toner has been described to improve the adhesion of the cured toner to the final substrate rather than to the surface of the image receptor during the transfuse step instead of withstanding to high temperatures. The curing here takes place during the transfer step from photoreceptor to paper.
It is however also important that an optimal curing efficiency can be established under different printing conditions like different printing speeds, different substrates and different layer thickness and colours. The speed of the digital print engines is still increasing and also the number of substrates is manifold especially when printing from web. Paper from 40 to 400 gsm as well as heat sensitive foils like PE, PP and PVC from 10 to 400 gsm as well as metallic foils from 5 to 400 gsm can be used.
Also the layer thickness can vary a lot. In the field of digital printing all combinations from 0% for CMYKX up to 100% for all CMYKX are possible. This means that the layer thickness can vary from 10 to 40 μm depending on the particle size of the toner. The curing efficiency off all the different colours needs to be equal.
From all those references only a general description of radiation curable toner is found and a highly performing radiation curable toner under different printing conditions is still not attainable with the above teachings.
There is a need in the art for toner particles that provide an improved mechanical and/or thermal strength, for example with a significantly improved rub resistance at curing to the images developed therefrom.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method of manufacture and a toner with a high curing efficiency under different printing conditions
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of manufacture and a toner to produce images that are very resistant to high temperatures, mechanical abrasion and organic solvents.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of manufacture and a toner with good electro photographical properties like chargeability, viscosity, lifetime performance.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become evident from the detailed description hereinafter.
In accordance with the present invention a radiation curable toner is provided comprising at least a radiation curable binder, optionally a photo initiator and a pigment or colouring agent. The radiation curable resin comprises a blend of a (meth)acrylated polyester resin and a meth(acrylated) polyurethane resin.
Preferably, the radiation curable resin comprises a blend of a) a (meth)acrylated epoxy/polyester resin b) a (meth)acrylated polyurethane resin. Said toner particles may provide an equivalent rub number (ERN)>6, wherein ERN=MEK rub resistance/(radiation dose*meq/gr), wherein meq/gr designates the milli-equivalent amount of double bounds per gram of said radiation curable resin They preferably have a viscosity behaviour such that the viscosity at 140° C. is lower than the viscosity at 120° C. Preferably, dry toner particles of the invention are such that (ERN)>10 when the substrate used for developing said toner images is heated between 100° C. and 160° C. at the time of curing. In one preferred embodiment, the (meth)acrylated expoxy/polyester resin is based on terefthalic acid and neopentyl glycol. (Meth)acrylated polyurethane resin is a polyesterurethane (meth)acrylate resin, or acylate resin. The resin may be an electron-beam curable resin, or UV-light curable resin. The toner particles may further comprise one or more photoinitiators, as well as a flowability improving agent.
Preferably, the milli-equivalent amount of double bounds per gram of said radiation curable resin is >1 meq/gr. According to a preferred embodiment, the dry toner paticles have g a volume average diameter between 3 and 20 μm. It is preferred that the particle size distribution is characterised by a coefficient of variability smaller than 0.5.
The particles according to the invention preferably have a viscosity of the toner particles is between 50 and 5,000 Pa·s at 120° C. The MEK rub resistance of the cured toner images is preferably higher than 100 rubs.
In a most preferred embodiment, the blend ratio (a)/(b) varies between 92.5/7.5 and 50/50.
The invention also covers dry electrostatographic developer composition comprising carrier particles and toner particles as defined above. This composition may be such that said carrier particles have a volume average particle size of between 30 to 65 μm, and said carrier particles comprise a core particle coated with a resin in an amount of 0.4 to 2.5% by weight, and the absolute charge expressed as fC/10 um (q/d) is between 3 and 13 fC/10 um.
The invention also covers a method of fusing and curing dry toner particles according to the invention, wherein the toner particles are image wise deposited on a substrate, said toner particles are then fused onto said substrate, and finally the fused toner particles are cured by means of radiation. Preferably, radiation is UV light, and said toner particles comprise one or more photoinitiators. In a preferred embodiment the fusing and curing is done in-line.
The invention also covers an apparatus for forming a toner on a substrate comprising: i) means for supplying dry toner particles, ii) means for image-wise depositing said dry toner particles on said substrate, iii) means for fusing said toner particles on said substrate, and iv) means for off-line or in-line radiation curing said fused toner particles according to the invention and wherein the substrate is fed by a web.
The invention encompasses substrates covered, e.g. coated or preferably printed with the dry toner particles according to the invention. To complete the substrate the toner particles are fixed and cured.
The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments but the invention is not limited thereto but only by the claims. Where the term "comprising" is used in the present description and claims, it does not exclude other elements or steps. Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun e.g. "a" or "an", "the", this includes a plural of that noun unless something else is specifically stated.
Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.
To obtain a good curing efficiency one can adjust the curing power and/or increase the reactivity of the radiation curable toner
According to the present invention, the curing efficiency is measured by the ERN number i.e. the equivalent rub number being defined as:
ERN=MEK rub resistance/(radiation dose*meq/gr)
The ERN number gives a normalized rub number taking into account the radiation (e.g. UV) dose that is applied at curing and the reactivity of the binder resin used as the curable component of the toner.
The reactivity of the binder resin is expressed as the amount milli-equivalent of double bounds per gram (meq/gr) of the radiation curable resin or polymer present in the dry toner particles. This number can be calculated from the resin composition or analytically determined by the use of e.g. NMR or IR techniques standard in the polymer art. A higher curing power (dose) will result in better curing efficiency however there are some limitations. By increasing the UV power the power consumption will become higher and is from an economical viewpoint less interesting. Also by increasing the UV power the amount of IR present in the irradiated light will increase and can cause irreparable damage such as shrinkage or wrinkling of the substrate. For higher UV powers also a yellowing of substrate can occur especially when paper is used. Preferably the maximum UV power is 250 W/cm and more preferably 200 W/cm.
This means that for an improved curing efficiency also the toner formulation has to be optimized.
Adjusting the toner composition can be done by the choice of the radiation curable resin and (when UV light is used as the radiation) the type and concentration of the photoinitiator.
The curing of the radiation curable toner can be improved by increasing the concentration of photo initiator however this increase will have some drawbacks. Depending on the type of photoinitiator a drop in Tg is observed resulting in a toner with a too low Tg. This low Tg toner can have a bad storage stability and increased formation of agglomerates during development. Also above a certain concentration the curing will not further be improved. A possible explanation could be that too much material of a too low molecular weight is formed during the cross linking. Another drawback of a high photo initiator concentration is the possibility that a higher amount of unused photoinitiator is still present in the toner. Therefore, a photo initiator concentration between 0.5 and 6% is used, more preferably between 1 and 4%.
Due to the limitations of UV dose and photo initiator concentration a proper choice of UV curable resin is advisable to obtain a high curing performance. The most logical way is to increase the reactivity of the binder but it has been found that the number of double bounds cannot be increased an an unlimited manner because the binder can become so reactive that during the preparation an interaction can occur between the binder and the photo initiator resulting in an unstable viscosity behaviour.
On the other hand it has been observed surprisingly that not only the total number of double bounds is important but that combinations or blends of different types of radiation curable binders can result in toners with a higher curing efficiency than what could be expected from the total reactivity as expressed by the number of double bounds. The reason for this is not completely clear but, without being limited by theory, has maybe to do with the reactivity of each type of double bound on itself and in a copolymerization with other types of double bounds.
It has been found that a certain minimum level of reactivity is preferable in order to have a good curing result on different types of substrates and with different types of layer thickness and different types of pigments. Although the reactivity is important, the number of itself is certainly not a guarantee for a good final result. Nevertheless it has been found that a reactivity is preferably higher than 1.0 meq/g and more preferably higher than 1.15 meq/g.
The toner particles according to the present invention may comprise the radiation curable resins (radiation curable compounds or compositions) that preferably are UV-curable resins as sole toner resin, or the radiation curable resins may be mixed with other toner resins. In that case any toner resin known in the art may be useful for the production of toner particles according to this invention. The resins mixed with the radiation curable resins can be poly condensation polymers (e.g. polyesters, polyamides, co(polyester/polyamides), etc), epoxy resins, addition polymers or mixtures thereof.
Although electron beam curable compounds can be used in the present invention, the radiation curable groups are preferably cured by UV-light.
Useful UV curable resins for incorporation in toner particles, according to an aspect of this invention are toners based on (meth)acryloyl containing polyester. The term polyester includes all polymers with a backbone structure based on a polycondensation of an alcohol, preferably one or more polyols having 2 to 5 hydroxyl groups) and a carboxylic acid-containing compound. Examples of such UV curable resins are unsaturated polyesters based on terephtalic and/or isophtalic acid as the carboxylic acid-containing component, and on neopentylglycol and/or trimethylolpropane as the polyol component and whereon afterwards an epoxy-acrylate such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate may be attached. These polymers are available for instance from UCB Chemicals under the tradename Uvecoat. Another UV curable resin is a polyester-urethane acrylate polymer which may be obtained by the reaction of an hydroxyl-containing polyester, a polyisocyanate and a hydroxy-acrylate. Another binder system useful in the present invention, e.g. a toner, is composed of a mixture of an unsaturated polyester resin in which maleic acid or fumaric acid is incorporated and a polyurethane containing a vinylether available from DSM Resins under the tradename Uracross.
In a preferred embodiment, the glass transition temperature of said polymers is above 45° C. and the Tg of the toner is higher than 40° C.
For the UV curing to proceed it is preferable that one or more photoinitiators are present. Very useful photoinitiators in the context of this invention include, but are not limited to, compounds such as shown in the formulae I, II and III below, or mixtures of these compounds. Commercially available photoinitiators are available from Ciba Geigy under the tradename Irgacure.
Compound I is available as Irgacure 184, compound II as lragcuer 819 and compound III as Irgacure 651.
The photoinitiator is preferably incorporated in the toner particles together with the UV curable system in a concentration range of preferably 1-6% by weight. If the concentration of the photoinitiator exceeds about 6% by weight, the Tg of the system can become too low.
Toner particles according to the present invention can be prepared by any method known in the art. For example, these toner particles can be prepared by melt kneading the toner ingredients (e.g. toner resin(s), charge control agent(s), pigment(s), etc) and said radiation curable compounds. After the melt kneading the mixture is cooled and the solidified mass is pulverized and milled and the resulting particles classified. Also other techniques to produce toners, e.g. floculation techniques and techniques to produce so called chemically produced toners, prepared via "emulsion polymerisation" and "polymer emulsion", can be used with this invention. Also the shape of the toner particles can be adjusted/established by mechanical or chemical means or via a dedicated temperature treatment. Dissolving these resins into an organic solvent, mixing these with pigments and/or waxes and/or charge controlling agents, diluting the result through the addition of water and surfactants and creating in such a way round shaped UV curable toners can also be used.
Toner particles useful in this invention can have an average volume diameter (size) between about 3 and 20 μm. When the toner particles are intended for use in colour imaging, it is preferred that the volume average diameter is between 4 and 12 μm, most preferred between 5 and 10 μm. The particle size distribution of said toner particles can be of any type. It is however preferred to have an essentially (some negative or positive skewness can be tolerated, although a positive skewness, giving less smaller particles than an unskewed distribution, is preferred) Gaussian or normal particle size distribution, either by number or volume, with a coefficient of variability (standard deviation divided by the average) (v) smaller than 0.5, more preferably of 0.3.
Toner particles, useful in this invention, can comprise any normal toner ingredient e.g. charge control agents and charge levelling agents, colouring agents e.g. pigments or dyes both coloured and black, inorganic fillers, anti-slip agents, flowing agents, waxes, etc.
Positive and negative charge control agents can be used in order to modify or improve the triboelectric chargeability in either negative or positive direction. Very useful charge control agents for providing a net positive charge to the toner particles are nigrosine compounds (more particularly Bontron N04, trade name of Orient Chemical Industries—Japan) and quaternary ammonium salts. Charge control agents for yielding negative chargeable toners are metal complexes of salicylate (e.g. Bontron E84 or E88 from Orient Chemical Industries and Spielon Black TRH from Hodogaya Chemicals), and organic salts of an inorganic polyanion (Copycharge N4P, a trade name from Clariant). A description of charge control agents, pigments and other additives useful in toner particles, to be used in a toner composition according to the present invention, can be found in e.g. EP-601,235-B1.
Toners for the production of colour images may contain organic dyes/pigments of for example the group of phtalocyanine dyes, quinacidrone dyes, triaryl methane dyes, sulphur dyes, acridine dyes, azo dyes and fluoresceine dyes. Also TiO2 or BaSO4 can be used as a pigment to produce white toners. In order to obtain toner particles with sufficient optical density in the spectral absorption region of the colourant, the colourant is preferably present therein in an amount of at least 1% by weight with respect to the total toner composition. To improve the distribution of the colourant in the toner resin, it may be beneficial to add a so-called master batch of the colourant during the toner preparation instead of adding the pure colourant. The master batch of the colourant is prepared by dispersing a relatively high concentration of the colourant, present as pure pigment or as press cake, preferably ranging from 20 to 50% by weight in a resin, that does not need to be the radiation curable polymer, e.g. a polyester. The same master batch techniques can also be used for dispersing charge control agents and photo initiators.
The toner particles can be used as mono-component developers, both as a magnetic and as a non-magnetic mono-component developer. The toner particles can be used in a multi-component developer wherein both magnetic carrier particles and toner particles are present or in a trickle type development where both toner and carrier are added to the developer system with simultaneous removal of a part of the developer mixture. The toner particles can be negatively charged as well as positively charged.
Carrier particles can be either magnetic or non-magnetic. Preferably, the carrier particles are magnetic particles. Suitable magnetic carrier particles have a core of, for example, iron, steel, nickel, magnetite, γ—Fe2O3, or certain ferrites such as for example CuZn and environmental friendly ferrites with Mn, MnMg, MnMgSr, LiMgCa and MnMgSn. These particles can be of various shapes, for example, irregular or regular shape. Generally these carrier particles have a median particle size between 30 and 65 μm. Exemplary non-magnetic carrier particles include glass, non-magnetic metal, polymer and ceramic material. Non-magnetic and magnetic carrier particles can have similar particle size. Preferably the carrier core particles are coated or surface treated with diverse organic or inorganic materials or resins in a concentration of 0.4 to 2.5% to obtain, for example, desirable electrical, tribo electrical and/or mechanical properties.
In the two-component developer the amount of UV curable toner particles can be, for example, between about 1 and about 10 weight % (relative to the amount of developer).
Triboelectric charging of the toner particles proceeds in so-called two component developer mixtures by means of the carrier particles. Charging of individual toner particles through triboelectricity is a statistical process, which will result in a broad distribution of charge over the number of toner particles in the developer. If a relative large amount of toner particles have a charge too low for providing a sufficiently strong Coulomb attraction, the development of such kind of developer results in undesirable image-background fog. To avoid such fog in the printed image, the distribution of charge/diameter (q/d) of the toner particles is preferably in the range from an absolute value of 3 to 13 fC/10 μm as measured with a q/d meter from Dr R Epping PES Laboratorium 8056 Neufahrn.
Any suitable substrate can be used to print the UV curable toner on. For example it can be paper, plastic and/or metal foils and combinations of them in different thicknesses.
The paper substrate can have a smooth surface, may have a glossy finish, can be coloured or uncoloured and weighs for example 10 to 300 mg/cm2.
Multilevel materials can be made out of two or more foil layers, e.g. paper, plastics and/or metal foils.
Examples of metal foils as substrates are foils from iron, steel, and copper and preferentially from aluminium and its alloys.
Suitable plastics are e.g. polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyester, polycarbonates, polyvinyl acetate, polyolefins and particularly polyethylenes (PE), like polyethylene of high density (HDPE), polyethylene of middle density (MDPE), linear polyethylene-middle density (LMDPE), polyethylene low-density (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).
The thickness of the substrates can range from e.g. of 5 μm until 1000 μm, preferably 15 till 200 μm. For papers, coated on one side with plastic or metal foil, the thickness can vary from 5 till 500 μm, preferably 30 to 300 μm. The thickness of plastic foils can range from 8 to 1000 μm thick. Metal foils can exhibit a thickness from 5 to 300 μm.
The substrate can be fed by means of a web, preferably for thin substrates in order to avoid jams, or by means of sheets.
The present invention also includes a method for forming a toner image on a substrate comprising the steps of:
In a preferred embodiment the image wise deposition on said substrate is done by image wise developing a latent image on a photoconductor and transferring said developed toner image by an intermediate means or directly to the substrate. The toner particles may be any of the toner particles defined by the present invention.
The radiation curing can proceed in line or off line.
Inline curing means that the curing proceeds in the fusing station of the apparatus itself (e.g. with the use of UV-light transparent fuser rollers) or in a station immediately adjacent to said fusing station.
The radiation curing can also proceed off-line in a separate apparatus. In this case the fused toner images are first stacked or rewind before feeding it again to the curing station. It can be beneficial that the fused toner is reheated again so that the toner layer becomes again in a molten state before the radiation (UV) curing proceeds.
Preferably said radiation curing proceeds at a temperature that preferably is at most 150° C. Therefore it is preferred to use toner particles, comprising a radiation curable compound having a Tg≧45° C., that have a melt viscosity at 120° C. between 50 and 3000 Pa·s, preferably between 100 and 2000 Pa·s.
The present invention further includes an apparatus for forming a toner image on a substrate comprising:
In a preferred apparatus according to this invention, the substrate is fed from web.
Said means for fusing said toner particles to the substrate can be any means known in the art, the means for fusing toner particles according to this invention can be contact (e.g. hot-pressure rollers) or non-contact means. Non-contact fusing means according to this invention can include a variety of embodiments, such as: (1) an oven heating process in which heat is applied to the toner image by hot air over a wide portion of the support sheet, (2) a radiant heating process in which heat is supplied by infrared and/or visible light absorbed in the toner, the light source being e.g. an infrared lamp or flash lamp. According to a particular embodiment of "non-contact" fusing the heat reaches the non-fixed toner image through its substrate by contacting the support at its side remote from the toner image with a hot body, e.g., a hot metallic roller. In the present invention, non-contact fusing by radiant heat, e.g., infrared radiation (IR-radiation), is preferred. In a contact fusing process, the non-fixed toner images on the substrate are contacted directly with a heated body, i.e. a so-called fusing member, such as fusing roller or a fusing belt. Usually a substrate carrying non-fixed toner images is conveyed through a nip formed by establishing a pressure contact between said fusing member and a backing member, such as a roller. To obtain high quality images, it is recommended to use hot roller systems with a low amount of release agents.
In a apparatus according to the present invention it is preferred to use toner particles comprising a UV-curable resin and thus the means for radiation curing the toner particles comprise are means for UV-curing (UV-light emitters as e.g. UV lamps). In an apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferred that the radiation curing proceeds inline. Therefore it is preferred that said means for fusing said toner images emit infrared radiation (are infra-red radiators) and said means for UV curing (e.g. one or more UV emitting lamps) are installed immediately after said fusing means so that the UV curing proceed on the still molten toner image. Different techniques exist for activating the UV lamps: UV lamps powered by microwave technology or arc lamps. Different types of UV lamps can be used and the choice of the type of UV lamp that will be used, i.e. V, D, F bulb, will depend on the toner formulation and on the type of photo initiator that is used. A proper match between the emission spectrum of the UV lamp and the absorption spectra of the used photo initiator is recommended to obtain an efficient curing. A combination of infra-red radiators (the means for fusing the toner particles) and UV emitting lamps (the means for radiation curing) in a single station (a fixing/curing station), so that the fusing and the radiation curing proceed simultaneously, is also a desirable design feature of an apparatus according to this invention. The apparatus according to the present invention can comprise if so desired, more than one fixing/curing station. The UV emitting means are preferably UV radiators with a UV power between 25 W/cm and 250 W/cm in order that the UV curing is done with at most 30 J/cm2.
The means for image-wise depositing toner particles can, in apparatus according to this invention, also be direct electrostatic printing means (DEP), wherein charged toner particles are attracted to the substrate by an electrical field and the toner flow modulated by a print head structure comprising printing apertures and control electrodes.
Said means for image-wise depositing toner particles can also be toner depositing means wherein first a latent image is formed. In such an apparatus, within the scope of the present invention, said means for image-wise depositing toner particles comprise:
Said latent image may be a magnetic latent image that is developed by magnetic toner particles (magnetography) or, preferably, an electrostatic latent image. Such an electrostatic latent image is preferably an electrophotographic latent image and the means for producing a latent image are in this invention preferably light emitting means, e.g., light emitting diodes or lasers and said latent image bearing member comprises preferably a photoconductor.
The present invention also comprises a substrate covered by the dry toner particles according to the present invention.
The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the invention and for illustrative purposes only, and should in no way be construed as limiting the scope of this invention.
Test methods
Melt viscosity
The melt viscosity is measured in a CSL2 500 Carr-Med Rheometer from TA Instruments The viscosity measurement is carried out at a sample temperature of 120° C. and 140° C. The sample having a weight of 0.75 g is applied in the measuring gap (about 1.5 mm) between two parallel plates of 20 mm diameter one of which is oscillating about its vertical axis at 6 rad/sec and amplitude of 10−3 radians. The sample is temperature equilibrated for 10 min at 120 and 140° C. respectively
The viscosity behaviour is ranked as follows:
1 excellent: viscosity at 140° C. is lower than at 120° C.
3 acceptable: viscosity at 140° C. is equal to slightly higher than viscosity at 120° C.
5=bad: viscosity at 140° C. is higher than at 120° C. and viscosity at 120° C. is already too high (>5,000 Pa·s).
MEK Rub Resistance Test
With a cotton path 4-4931 from AB Dick sucked with MEK (methylethyl ketone) the fused and cured toner images re rubbed with a pressure between 100 and 300 g/cm2. One count is equal to an up and down rub. The image that is rubbed has an applied mass of 0.6 mg/cm2.
The rubs are counted till the substrate becomes visible. The number of rubs is a measure for the solvent resistance of the toner images
The toners are deposited on an uncoated 135 gsm paper (Modo Diane data copy option from M-reel) and fused for 7 minutes at 135° C. in an oven.
ERN (Equivalent Rub Number)
The ERN number is determined as:
ERN=MEK rub resistance/(radiation dose*meq/gr), i.e. when the radiation used for curing is UV light, the ERN number is determined as:
ERN=MEK rub resistance/(UV dose*meq/gr), whereby the UV dose is preferably within a range between 3 and 30 J/cm2 and (for UV light) an iron doped mercury lamp is used, and wherein the substrate used for developing the toner images is not preheated at the time of curing. A test like ERN>X means that the ERN is larger than X for curing tests with any UV dose taken within the above referred preferred radiation (e.g. UV) dose range. ERN_IR
The ERN_IR number is determined as
The toner is in a molten state when it enters the curing apparatus and thus has a higher mobility and thus a better reactivity resulting in a higher MEK rub resistance) A test like ERN_IR>X means that the ERN is larger than X for curing tests with any UV dose taken in the given UV dose range.
In the following, all parts mentioned are parts by weight The following ingredients were tested:*
Commercial | ||||
Ingredient | name | Description Xeikon | Description supplier | Meq/gr |
UVP1 | Uvecoat 2100 | (Meth)acryloyl | (meth) acrylated polyester | 0.7 |
containg polyester | resin | |||
based on terefphtalic | ||||
acid and neopentyl | ||||
glycol | ||||
UVP2 | Uvecoat 3000 | (Meth)acryloyl | (meth) acrylated | 0.9 |
containg polyester | epoxy/polyester resin | |||
based on terefphtalic | ||||
acid and neopentyl | ||||
glycol | ||||
UVP3 | Alfalat VAN 1743 | Unsaturated polyester | Unsaturated polyester | .65 |
resin | resin | |||
UVP4 | Uvecoat 9146 | Unsaturated urethane | (meth)acrylated | 2.2 |
acrylic adduct | polyurethane resin | |||
UVP5 | Uracross | Maleic based | Maleic based polyester | 2.5 |
P3125(70%)- | polyester (70%) | (70%) | ||
Uracross P3307 | Vinylether | Vinylether polyurethane | ||
(30%) | polyurethane | copolymer (30% | ||
copolymer (30% | ||||
UVP6 | Almacryl T500 | Polyester based on | Polyester based on | 1.9 |
fumaric acid and | fumaric acid and | |||
propoxylated | propoxylated bisphenol A | |||
bisphenol A | ||||
PI1 | Irgacure 819 | BAPO photoinitiator | BAPO photoinitiator | |
PI2 | Irgacure 2959 | AHK photoinitiator | AHK photoinitiator | |
PI3 | Irgacure 277 | N-containing | Alpha amino ketone | |
photoinitiator | photoinitiator | |||
The toners were prepared by melt blending for 30 minutes in a laboratory kneader at 110° C. the ingredients, together with 3% by weight of a phtalocyanine blue pigment, as mentioned in table 2. After cooling, the solidified mass was pulverized and milled using a Alpine Fliessbettgegenstrahlmuhle 100 AFG (trade name) and further classified using a multiplex zig-zag classifier type 100 MZR (trade name) to obtain a toner with a dv50 between 7 and 9 μm.
In order to improve the flowability of the toner, the particles were mixed with 0.5% of hydrophobic colloidal silica from Degussa.
From toners T1 to T10 developers were prepared by mixing 5 g of said toner particles together with 100 g of a coated silicone MnMgSr ferrite carrier with a dv50 of 45 μm.
From toners T11 to T19 developers were prepared by mixing 5 g of said toner particles together with 100 g of a coated silicone CuZn ferrite carrier with a dv50 of 45 to 55 μm
Images were developed with an applied mass of 0.6 mg/cm2 on uncoated 135 gsm paper and fused at 135° C. for 7 min in an oven.
The toner images were UV cured as mentioned in table 3 and table 4. The curing results in table 4 are obtained by first heating again by IR the fused samples where the results in table 3 are based on curing without IR heating. No IR heating means that the substrate temperature measured with a Raytek infrared gun is lower than 80° C. just before entering the curing station.
toner composition | |||||||||||
[Photo | [photo | ||||||||||
[polymer | [polymer | initiator | initiator | Viscosity | |||||||
Toner | Polymer 1 | Polymer 2 | 1] | 2] | Photoinitiator a | Photoinitiator b | a] | b] | Meq/g | behaviour | Tg |
Tt4 | UVP5 | 100 | PI1 | 3 | 2.5 | 1 | 5 | ||||
curing results without IR heating | |||||||
ex- | Inv/ | UV | MEK rub | ERN | Viscosity | ||
amples | toner | com | Meq/gr | dose | resistance | number | behaviour |
Ex1 | T12 | Inv | 1.06 | 17 | 200 | 11.1 | 1 |
Ex2 | T16 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 275 | 13.2 | 1 |
Ex3 | T17 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 335 | 16 | 1 |
Ex4 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 470 | 22.5 | 1 |
Ex5 | T14 | Inv | 1.39 | 17 | 1344 | 56.9 | 3 |
Ex6 | T2 | Com | 0.9 | 17 | 60 | 3.9 | 1 |
Ex7 | T4 | com | 2.5 | 17 | 38 | 0.9 | 1 |
curing results with IR heating | |||||||
ex- | Inv/ | UV | MEK rub | ERN | Viscosity | ||
amples | toner | com | Meq/gr | dose | resistance | number | behaviour |
Ex8 | T19 | Com | 2.1 | 17 | 22 | 0.7 | 1 |
Ex9 | T1 | Com | 0.7 | 17 | 12 | 1 | 1 |
Ex10 | T4 | Com | 2.5 | 17 | 45 | 1.1 | 1 |
Ex11 | T8 | Com | .9 | 17 | 20 | 1.3 | 1 |
Ex12 | T9 | Com | 1.08 | 17 | 40 | 2.2 | 2 |
Ex13 | T18 | Com | 1.04 | 17 | 55 | 3.1 | 2 |
Ex14 | T6 | Com | 0.9 | 17 | 50 | 3.3 | 1 |
Ex15 | T5 | Com | 09 | 17 | 55 | 3.6 | 1 |
Ex16 | T10 | Com | 1.26 | 17 | 80 | 3.7 | 3 |
Ex17 | T2 | Com | 0.9 | 17 | 70 | 4.6 | 1 |
Ex18 | T2 | Com | 0.9 | 8.5 | 50 | 6.5 | 1 |
Ex19 | T7 | Com | 0.9 | 17 | 110 | 7.2 | 1 |
Ex20 | T15 | Inv | 1.23 | 8.5 | 130 | 12.4 | 1 |
Ex21 | T12 | Inv | 1.06 | 17 | 290 | 16.1 | 1 |
Ex22 | T11 | Com | 1.45 | 17 | 440 | 17.8 | 4 |
Ex23 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 4.25 | 120 | 23 | 1 |
Ex24 | T17 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 490 | 23.4 | 1 |
Ex25 | T16 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 500 | 23.9 | 1 |
Ex26 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 672 | 32.1 | 1 |
Ex27 | T15 | Inv | 1.23 | 12 | 490 | 33.2 | 1 |
Ex28 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 12 | 490 | 33.2 | 1 |
Ex29 | T16 | Inv | 1.23 | 8.5 | 350 | 33.5 | 1 |
Ex30 | T17 | Inv | 1.23 | 4.25 | 180 | 34.4 | 1 |
Ex31 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 8.5 | 360 | 34.4 | 1 |
Ex32 | T15 | Inv | 1.23 | 17 | 790 | 37.8 | 1 |
Ex33 | T15 | Inv | 1.23 | 4.25 | 200 | 38.3 | 1 |
Ex34 | T17 | Inv | 1.23 | 8.5 | 450 | 43 | 1 |
Ex35 | T3 | Com | 2.2 | 17 | 3000 | 80 | 5 |
Ex36 | T14 | Inv | 1.39 | 17 | 2790 | 118.1 | 3 |
Ex37 | T13 | Inv | 1.23 | 24 | 640 | 22 | 1 |
From the data in table 2, it can be learned that by increasing the reactivity of the resin, the viscosity behaviour can becomes worse (see t3, t10, t 11 and t14) and that photo initiator P12 causes a drop in Tg. (see t5) Also the Tg of the toner based on UVP5 is too low which cause the formation of agglomerations during the activation in the developing unit.
From table 4 we learn that toners with the same reactivity can have ERN_IR numbers going from too low (<10) for a proper curing to a ERN number resulting in a very high performance cure (>10) (see ex12-ex21; ex13-ex21; ex 16-ex26)
What also clearly can be observed from table 4 is that with toners based on a blend of UPV2 and UVP 4 in a ratio 75/25 a large latitude in curing performance is present with respect to type and concentration of photoinitiator and to the applied UV dose. (see ex20; ex 23 to ex 34; ex 37).
In an embodiment of the present invention the above examples can be applied for printing to any suitable substrate such as paper, cardboard; e.g. packaging, plastic foils, ceramics, etc. using a suitable printer such as for instance a Xeikon 5000 Printer.
In a further embodiment of the present invention an apparatus is provided for forming a toner on a substrate comprising:


text:
Back for a second year, Bord Gáis Energy Donate a Library is calling out for people across Ireland to be local heroes in their community by nominating groups and charities they would like to see re
Celestial Green Ventures (CGV) have confirmed that they will be hosting a stand at The Wheel's National Conference next Thursday, 15 May. This annual event brings together people from th
Developed by GIY in partnership with AIB, the GIY Get Ireland Growing fund is currently open to community groups, schools, allotments with communal space, community gardens and not-for-profits look
The Irish Motor Neurone Disease Association (IMNDA) has issued a fresh warning about bogus charity collectiors operating across Ireland, following a recent incident in which they had received calls
Developed through a partnership between Ulster Bank, The Community Foundation for Ireland and The Community Foundation for Northern Ireland, the Ulster Bank Community Impact Fund is now accep
Fundraising Ireland have recently made available the results of its recent public opinion survey on Charitable Donations & Christmas Appeals conducted at the recent National Fundraising Co
Former Ireland international footballer Niall Quinn recently joined with members of Dublin All Stars Marching Band to launch the tenth annual Dublin Bus Community Spirit Awards, calling for local v
Only one day left to book for National Fundraising Conference
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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To find the right Tempa Sims log onto PeopleFinders.com. We provide you with a varied assortment of details for your people search such as age, recent addresses, and phone numbers. For example, Tempa Sims is 67 years of age and was born in [YOB]. The most recent address for Tempa Sims is located in Marysville, OH.
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Richard Masur
Richard Masur info
Richard Masur biography
This block contains the information about Richard Masur and provides an insight into the life of the celebrity. From here you can also learn when, how and why the profession of an actor was chosen. Some interesting facts are waiting for you here. Mazur has also been active in the theatre with increasing frequency. His Broadway debut was in The Changing Room by David Storey (1973). More recently, Masur returned to Broadway in Michael Frayn's Democracy (2004-05), and, among his many off-Broadway and regional theatre appearances, are recent major roles in A Feminine Ending by Sarah Treem (Playwrights Horizons - 2007)and Mike Leigh's Two Thousand Years (The New Group - 2008).Where Richard Masur born?
With the help of the Google satellite map you can find the place where Richard Masur was born. By zooming in and out you can see the place itself and the area it is situated in and nearby. Find out where Richard Masur was born. Now you can see the place itself even not traveling. Richard Masur filmography
Here you can learn about the movies Richard Masur acted in. You can see the names of the movies, their budget, years of release and the money gained from the screening of the certain movie. It is always interesting to know.
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This part provides videos with Richard Masur. It is always interesting to see the star on the screen whether it is an interview, movie, or just some video shots from life or professional carrier, etc. Enjoy your viewing!
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Jeep Jamboree, salton sea
It's happening oct 25-27, anyone else going?
I don't see how this event can happen since no organized 4X4 events are currently being permitted at Truckhaven.
Probably why it's called Salton Sea and not Truckhaven.
The time now is 11:46 AM. |
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Telephone & Addresses
Rashid Salim Rashid, Company and Director Search.
Rashid Salim Rashid search results on 13-07-2014 at 16:01:15. 9 search results.
Yellow Page contacts
Rashid Salim - Goal.com
Rashid Salim. Date of Birth: 9 Sep 1994 (Age 19). Nationality: United Arab Emirates. Position: Midfielder. Squad Number: - ...
TUNISIA: Voting in the presidential elections - ITN Source
OVER SHOULDER SHOT OF A FEMALE SUPERVISOR CHECKING NAMES (SOUNDBITE) (Arabic) TUNISIAN VOTER, RASHID SALIM, ...
2014 Asian Games - Day 7 - Getty Images
Tran Phi Son of Vietnam clashes with Obaid Sanad Rashid Salim Rashid of the United Arab Emirates during the Football Mens Round of 16 ...
Download Salman Khan Filmography at Filmous.com
Filmous.com - Big collection of movies. At Filmous you can download movies in HD, PC, DVD and ipod quality
Management & Stakeholders
rashid, hirra → rashid, salim - Directors in the UK
Free information on UK Company Directors, contact details and their associated companies.
Directors in the UK
Celebrities As A Child: January 2013
... The king Of khan Salman Khan's Full name is Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan. Salman Khan 'sFather name is Salim Khan, Mother name is Salma Khan,
Celebrities As A Child: Salman Khan As A Child
The Great Indian Bollywood Actor Salman Khan was born in Indore (Indian) In 27 December1965, The king Of khan Salman Khan's Full name is Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan.
Business Profiles
Rashid Salim Al Masroori
View Rashid Al Masroori's business profile as Chairman at Investment Stability Fund and see work history, affiliations and more.
Private Homepages
A dalit's conversion story
[ Rashid Salim Adil talks to Yoginder Sikand ] From: Shailendra Mudgal ... Rashid Salim Adil, a Delhi-based Muslim advocate, social activist and ...
Salim Rashid at University Of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign -...
Rating and reviews for Professor Salim Rashid from University Of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign–Urbana, IL United States.
Celebrities & Politicians
Rashid Salim IV Discography at Discogs - Discogs - Database ...
Percussionist with the Sun Ra Arkestra from 1969 until 1971. Aliases: William Brister
Salim - Ancestry.co.uk - Search
Name: Sheik Mbaruk Bin Rashid Salim El Mazrui. Death: 1910. Biography & Genealogy Master Index (BGMI) Family Histories, Journals & Biographies. Name ...
Books & Literature
Economic Policy for Growth: Economic Development is Human Development
from Salim Rashid, Springer, 2000, Hardcover
Economies with Many Agents: An Approach Using Non-Standard Analysis
from Professor Salim Rashid, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, Hardcover
Economic Policy For Growth by Rashid, Salim - Biblio.co.uk
Find Economic Policy For Growth by Rashid, Salim at Biblio. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers.
iTunes - Music - Sounds of Liberation by Sounds of Liberation
... and conguero Rashid Salim. The collective also credited George Gilmore as its spiritual advisor. Sounds of Liberation released one self-titled record in 1972.
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and prophets: political continuity and crisis in the maji maji ...
69 Interview with Rashid Salim Ali Matumburo, Ngunichile, 20 Sept. 2000. 70 Interview with Hassan Ahmed Chindenya, Ruponda, 7 Oct. 2000. 71 Lieder, 'Reise ...
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Berkeley's Querist and its Influence
Citation is provided in standard text and BibTeX formats below. Highlight all. BibTeX Format. @article{HET:4333916, author = {Rashid,Salim},
Bhagyashree Patwardhan
... videos online including Also known as abdul rashid salim salman khanjul , bhagat singh 23 march, Latestbhagyashree patwardhan on bhagyashree marathi ...
CURRENT NEWS - faceofsharonscouture
First runner up included Rashid Salim who was also the winner of public votes with 512 votes & second runner up Jordan Middlebrook of ...
Gazidis promises there is more to come this summer
2 thoughts on "Gazidis promises there is more to come this summer". Rashid salim rashid on July 13, 2014 at 3:35 am said: Pls wenger&gazids ...
Tanzania: Maasai Villagers Win Fight For Information about ...
... complicit in the abuses the Maasai communities suffered," said Rashid Salim Rashid, who represents the villages in their lawsuit in Tanzania, ...
Artistes association files application to strike out suit –...
The plaintiffs named the association, its president at the time Haron Aminar Rashid Salim or Harun Salim Bachik, secretary Omar Kamarudin or Yusof Kelana,
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colobus Interviews Colobus Trust
From right now you are member with us. Don't forget us." Interview with Rashid Salim. Coordinator of Mwakamba Youth Development Group. Taken by.
Artaminatul: Salman Khan - Abdul Rashid Salim Salman ...
Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan was born on 27th December 1965 in Indore, Madhya Pradesh to Salma Khan and Salim Khan, ...
Mander Organs > Guest Book > Archive I, April 1997 ...
I would like to work with you again when you visit Oman. My best wishes to you. Rashid. Rashid Salim Muscat, Oman - Friday, December 17, 1999 at 12:39:42 ...
Qatar - New Silk Road Forum
Ambassador to the UK, H.E. Mr Khalid Rashid Salim Al-Hamoudi Al-Mansouri. Embassy Details, Embassy of the State of Qatar. Embassy Address, 1 South ...
Who is Salman Khan? What Is His First Flim? - Yahoo Answers
Salman Khan (pronunciation : [səlˈmaːn ˈxaːn]; born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on 27 December 1965) is an Indian film actor, ...
Rashid Salim Video and Podcasts | Football.com
Video & Podcasts Rashid Salim. Filter by Media Type: All · Videos · Podcasts. No multimedia available. Start a post and share with the rest of the. Football.com ...
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Rashid Salim profile, Rashid Salim statistics, Rashid Salim career statistics, Rashid Salim Trophies, Rashid Salim matches.
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Rashid Salim career statistics, profile details, photos and new.
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Player Rashid Salim. Rules Type: Standard, Pairs. Batting; Bowling; Fielding; Game Results. Batting Summary; Run Ranges; How Out; Top 5 Innings ...
A Broad Douglas F Green H John Moss R Rashid Salim W ...
Clean crisp green card covers, sound binding, clean pages and inside covers. Contents include: Alternate Husbandry and Permanent Pasture in the Midlands ...
CbI - Cross-border Information - Rashid Salim Al-Masroori
CbI is a business intelligence and consultancy company that tracks people, politics and business across Africa and the Middle East.
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Salman khan - wikipedia, free encyclopedia, Salman khan (born abdul rashid salim salman khan 27 december 1965) indian film actor, producer, television ...
Download PDF of paper - mecon.nomadit.co.uk
According to Rashid Salim (2001: 49), "for the Iraqi artist, within or without, the tension of loss is an undeniable factor towards releasing a new.
Gabbar | UK Cinema Release Date
Real Name: Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan. Height: 5' 8" (1.73 m). Recent/Upcoming Films: Gabbar. Kareena Kapoor. Kareena Kapoor headshot. Date of ...
I want to share my experience - GIFT box, giftbox.org
GIFT/UNODC) and Khalid Rashid Salim al-Hamoudi al-Mansouri (the Qatari Ambassador in London) cut the ribbon. < 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 >. Copyright © 2014 STOP THE ...
Kick | UK Cinema Release Date
Salman Khan. Salman Khan headshot. Date of Birth: 27 December 1965. Real Name: Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan. Height: 5' 8" (1.73 m) ...
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Nov 24, 2013 by Prathamesh Parab , Executive-Service at Elico Marketing Pvt Ltd. Born : Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan 27 December 1965 (age 47) .
R. Salim - Soccer - Soccerway mobi - Results, fixtures ...
Rashid Salim. First name: Rashid; Last name: Salim; Nationality: United Arab Emirates; Date of birth: 09-09-94; Age: 20; Country of birth: United Arab Emirates ...
Royal Opera House, Muscat, Oman - Organ matters - Organs matter!
Oman will be represented by soloist Rashid Salim bin Salim al Rashidy, a keyboard student at the Royal Oman Symphony Orchestra who has ...
Salman Khan - Short Biography
Name: Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan Other name: Sallu, Bad Boy Born: 27 December 1965. Birth Place: Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Salman Khan Biography - iZito Search Results
Salman Khan (born Abdul Rashid Salim Salman Khan on 27 December 1965) is an Indian film actor, producer, television presenter, and philanthropist known ...
Sounds of Liberation - Search Results - Boomkat - Your ...
... musicians made up of Byard Lancaster, Khan Jamal, Monnette Sudler, Omar Hill, Dwight James, Rashid Salim and Billy Mills. The Sounds of Liberation mixed ...
The Pagan Prattle Online: Superstition and Other Silliness ...
Mr Rashid Salim apparantly offered advice and protection to several of them, and they now fear losing their seats. Salim has been charged with possessing ...
Wanted Salman Khan Movie Free Download | watch movies
Salman khan - imdb, Actor: dabangg (2010) · straight from the heart (1999) · tere naam (2003) · ek tha tiger (2012). born: abdul rashid salim salman khan ...
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Hyundai Verna 2010
Hyundai Unveils All-New Verna at Beijing Show
•All-new Verna is Hyundai`s 3rd China-exclusive model
•Hyundai holds world premier in China
(Beijing, China) Hyundai Motor Co. staged the world-premiere of its all-new Verna at the 2010 Beijing Automotive Exhibition today. With its eye-catching sloping roofline, the new sub-compact, Hyundai`s third China-exclusive model, projects a coupe-like dynamic image that is at once sporty, stately and futuristic.
Developed over a five-year period expressively for the Chinese market, product planners conducted exhaustive market research of Chinese consumer tastes and trends to ensure every detail meets local requirements. Built on an all-new platform at the company`s highly automated plant in Beijing, Verna is targeted at China`s strategically important C1 segment and fully reflects Hyundai`s philosophy of quality.
"Today is a really special day for us, not only because we`re launching a new car, but because it`s one of the very few times we`ve done a world-premiere outside of Korea: And we chose to do it right here in China because it`s our way of recognizing how important our Chinese customers are to us," Euisun Chung, Vice Chairman of Hyundai Motor said today at the Beijing auto show.
"In 2009 we posted a 94 percent Y-o-Y growth in China and have sold over 2 million cars since arriving in 2002. We are not losing any momentum, continuing to expand our lineup in China with our most stylish and advanced models like the all-new Verna and our compact SUV "ix35."
To minimize fuel consumption without sacrificing performance, Verna is powered by the new generation Gamma gasoline engine, featuring multiport fuel injection. Verna delivers best-in-class fuel economy, in keeping with Hyundai`s pledge to be the industry`s eco-leader. And it fully satisfies China`s Step 3 fuel economy regulations – two years ahead of schedule.
Featuring all-aluminium construction for weight-saving, the 1.6L DOHC Gamma delivers 90.4Kw@6300rpm and 155Nm of peak torque @ 4200rpm through a smooth-shifting four-speed automatic transmission.
For cost-conscious car buyers, the base Verna is offered with the 1.4L DOHC edition of the Gamma which puts out 78.7Kw@6300rpm and 135.4Nm@5000rpm and comes with the choice of a five-speed manual gearbox or four-speed automatic. Fuel economy is rated 5.7?/100km with the manual; 6.2?/100km with the automatic (1.4L with Fuel Economy Package).
Such impressive performance was made possible by a variety of enhancements to the engine including Continuously Variable Valve Timing, a smart alternator and air conditioning compressor plus the adoption of motor-driven power steering.
Verna hugs the ground with a new low-floor platform and a sloping roofline both of which contribute to Verna`s impressive aerodynamics and superior fuel economy.
Special ultra-high tensile strength steel has been applied to the car to enhance the overall stiffness of the body structure for superior crash protection: Verna achieves best-in-class safety, aiming to satisfy the CNCAP 5? rating. Thanks to the highly rigid body, the suspension is more securely anchored thus enhancing ride and handling characteristics and eliminating vibration and booming noise.
Verna`s wheelbase-longest-in-class-and its low overall height, give it extra stability and a very stylish look but without incurring a penalty in cabin size. In fact, the overall cabin dimensions are bigger than any rivals. And the trunk, measuring a spacious 454L can easily accommodate as many as four golf bags plus three small tote bags. So not only does it look great, but it`s very practical.
The Verna will be built at the company`s highly automated Beijing plant from July and will go on sale in the second half of this year. Hyundai will launch it in the Chinese market first, then gradually introduce it to other regions.


text:
Uncommon Knowledge: What do German weddings have in common with ghosts? Hint: It's sure to be a smashing good time.
Uncommon Knowledge: How fast are rocks? Turns out that 2013 may have been the year for "rock 'n' roll."
Uncommon Knowledge: Do animals give presents? Humans aren't the only species that delights in delivering unexpected little surprises to the ones they love.


text:
I need it for makemkv and mplayer to rip/play BD...
Works fine for months already.[ebuild R ] media-libs/libbluray-0.2.1 USE="java xine xml -aacs -static-libs -utils" 0 kB
AFAIK --enable-bdjava is not even the default for libbluray. Anyway, switch it off if you don't need it. As others have mentioned, libbluray needs libaacs and a KEYDB.cfg to be able to play encrypted BDs (virtually all of them). Newer ones might still not be supported. Also not supported are discs using BD+ which would need libbdplus. It's not publicly available and even the version you can't download doesn't really work. So no, Blurays still are not something you can just play with normal software. And yes, in the US you can go to jail for watching a movie you bought. Welcome to the Land of the Free.
I need it for makemkv and mplayer to rip/play BD...
Works fine for months already.[ebuild R ] media-libs/libbluray-0.2.1 USE="java xine xml -aacs -static-libs -utils" 0 kB
you really should try keeping up with current world news you know.... the key points just for you DaemonFC
"the European Parliament has adopted a resolution against SOPA"
"Update: House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi has spoken out against SOPA. Update II: Tumbler's anti-SOPA message on their website generated almost 90000 (!) phone calls to representatives. Amazing."
"the European Parliament has adopted a resolution against SOPA. Technically,
the resolutionstresses the importance of - among other things - "the need to protect the integrity of the global internet and freedom of communication by refraining from unilateral measures to revoke IP addresses or domain names".
The resolution is directed at the United States, and while SOPA is not mentioned, it's pretty clear what the European Parliament is referring to.
In addition, the European Parliament also adopted a resolution stating that net neutrality should be part of EU law. True, unconditional net neutrality currently only exists in Chile (first!) and The Netherlands (second!), but if it would be enshrined in EU law, it would become part of many, many more European countries...."
posted by Thom Holwerda on Thu 17th Nov 2011 23:20 UTC
"European high court rejects Internet traffic filtering as violation of fundamental rights
By Sean Gallagher | Published 16 days ago
While Thanksgiving is an American holiday, internet service providers and users in Europe had reason to give thanks yesterday.
The highest court in the European Union overturned a ruling that would have forced a Belgian ISP to preemptively filter Internet traffic to prevent the unauthorized sharing of music files.
The European Court of Justice overturned a ruling by a Belgian court in a suit brought by the Belgian Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers (SABAM). SABAM filed it against Scarlet Extended over alleged illegal peer-to-peer filesharing by Scarlet's customers. That 2007 ruling required Scarlet to filter traffic on its network, so that it could identify and block illegal peer to peer filesharing traffic. It was based on an interpretation of Belgian copyright laws that put the burden of enforcement on ISPs. ....."
"... In its ruling, The Court of Justice upheld the right of copyright holders to file injunctions against intermediaries over illegal file sharing. But it struck down the provisions of the Belgian court ruling that required filtering, finding that the filtering provisions violated European Union e-commerce laws, and infringed on the rights of Scarlet and its customers.
The broad monitoring required to filter file-sharing would "infringe the fundamental rights of [Scarlet's] customers, namely their right to protection of their personal data and their right to receive or impart information, which are rights safeguarded by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU," the court panel wrote."
Last edited by popper; 12-11-2011 at 01:53 PM.
yeah makemkv is really good for a beta product for simply and quickly getting your DVD/BR content into a single usable MKV form with mpeg2/h264, AAC, and subs etc all in the single mkv container for later ffmpeg processing or even direct real time LAN ( or WAN if you have that kind of upload rate) streaming with that included functionality
Last edited by popper; 12-11-2011 at 02:13 PM.
Cash in mail donations will still work as the VLC people will deposit the cash into a French bank. No way the USA can stop people from mailing cash to even Wikileaks.
SOPA is a crock...USA people should write to their bonehead congresspeople to LISTEN and STOP this madness from passing.
I would also like to remind that VLC is relatively small project. Even though donations are imporant they are not essential like in the case of Wikileaks that needs millions a year to operate properly. Donations to VLC aren't paid as salaries to anyone.
https://www.videolan.org/contribute.html#moneyWhat are the financial needs of VideoLAN?
Buy hardware for developing and testing purposes (DVDs, satellite cards and antenna, MPEG encoding cards,...)
Maintain the servers and hardware to run VideoLAN services.
Promote the project by organising or participating in events (FOSDEM, Linux Expo Paris, ...)
Are you able to point out a single law that VLC is currently breaking? Not a law that you believe will come into force, a law that is currently in place and applies to them. You stated that they do not care about the law: please provide evidence for that or take back your accusation.
Sure. US law says that every patent they infringe upon must have a per user license fee paid. Since this isn't being paid, I'm sure that ICE will deal with them eventually. Courts already aren't waiting for SOPA to come into effect, and neither is ICE. They both seem to act like it's already the law now. Money gets what money wants. Eventually VLC's website might just be the ICE logo.
They are a french nonprofit - the laws of the USA do not apply to them. What you believe will happen with SOPA does not affect whether they are breaking any laws today.


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"This is Miss Georgie getting some Bunday cuddles from Mumma Jo on a cold winter Sunday in Melbourne, Australia. She fell asleep so we were able to get a sneaky shot of her snoozing her little heart out. She lost her litter brother Houdini on Wednesday :( so she has been getting lots of hugs." -Joanne B.
Takin' A Bunday Morning Snooze
What a darling bun! So sad about Houdini–hugs to your family.
ear-resistable she is. wishing her sweet bun-dreams. so sorry about her little brother . . .
Aww, she looks so angelic. Sorry about brother Houdini. The death of a pet is always so sad.
Mom Jo rocks because of cuddling cute bunneh and wearing shirt with Elvish on it. <3
I am so sorry about the loss of Houdini. :( Sending warm thoughts to you……
Such a beautiful bunny! I love to see sleepy, cherished animals — they always look so peaceful. So sorry about Houdini!!!
Life is good…..
So sorry about Houdini.
I'm so sorry to hear that her bun-brother, Houdini, has disappeared.
I really am sorry…it's always sad when a pet crosses the Bridge.
….but I couldn't resist…. -
Man, does that look like a good nap…
She's just beautiful!


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Prayer: The Power of Prayer
By Gary L. Carver
Wednesday, November 01, 1989
Prayer to the believer is the most powerful force on earth. Ian MacPherson tells the following true story:
"The person concerned is a scientist, a man who had been almost a devout atheist. Doing research work in a pathological laboratory, along with the other doctors, he attempted to find the wavelength of the human brain. They discovered a whole channel of wavelengths -- and each channel had so much room that the different wavelength of each individual's brain is further separated in identity than the fingerprints on each individual's hands."This scientist wanted to experiment, to discover what took place in the human brain at the moment of transition from life to death. A lady was selected who had a disease of the brain. This disease affected the balance of the body only. In every other way she was exceptionally brilliant. But her family did not want the trouble of caring for her, and being on the point of death she was accepted as a patient in this research hospital.
"The necessary wires were connected to her room, to ascertain what would take place; also a small microphone, about the size of a penny, was installed, in case she had anything to say. Five scientists were grouped in an adjoining room -- five tough, hardened men, from a religious point of view. One of the instruments they watched had a needle pointing to "0" in the center. To the right the scale registered five hundred points positive; to the left, five hundred points negative. Previously this same instrument had registered the power used by a fifty kilowatt broadcasting station in sending a message around the world. The needle had registered nine points positive.
"As the last moments of this woman's earthly life arrived, she began to pray aloud and praise God. She asked Him to be merciful to those who had spitefully used her. Then she told God how much she loved Him, and was looking forward to seeing Him face to face.
"The scientists had been so engrossed in this prayer -- an unexpected situation -- that they had forgotten their experiment. They looked at each other, tears streaming down their faces. The particular scientist we are thinking about said afterwards: 'I had not shed tears since I was a child.'
"Suddenly, they heard a clicking sound, and turning to their instruments found that this particular instrument was registering a positive five hundred, and desperately trying to go higher! By actual instrumentation these scientists had recorded that the brain of a woman, alone and dying, in communication with God, had registered more than fifty-five times the power used by a fifty kilowatt station in sending a message around the world! If ever we needed proof of the power of prayer, surely this is it!"1
The power of prayer! Jesus says that this power can be ours. "If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you" (
What is prayer? What is this lifeline to God? What is this channel of spiritual power? We want to consider prayer under three headings: prayer as speaking; prayer as listening; and prayer as a way of life.
I. Prayer is Speaking!
Our prayers must be pointed and specific. If we are praising God, let us praise Him for specific characteristics of His loving and divine nature. If we are giving thanks, we should thank Him specifically for answered prayers and for pointed movements of His Spirit in our lives.
If we are interceding for others; we should pray for them one by one by name and for specific needs in their lives. If we are praying for ourselves, we should pray for the specific needs and problem areas for which He has led us to pray. If true prayer really does begin with God, will He not lead us in the very things for which we should pray?
We should remember, however, that our prayers should be progressive. Some prayers seem to be unanswered because we ask Him to do what He had already guided us to do for ourselves. Why should He give us new guidance when we have not acted upon what He has told us to do? We cannot expect a "yes" to today's prayer when we have said "no" to yesterday's answer. Real prayer is progressive. We receive fresh and new guidance when we act upon His past guidance. Explanations come after obedience, not before.
In praying, we have to be patient. The Psalmist urges us to "be still and know," indicating that answers often come to the still and patient. In my self-centeredness, I have to remind myself that I am not as smart as God. He is God and He will answer my prayers according to His schedule, His time-table, and His perfect will.
God taught me this fact during the second revival meeting I preached. It began on Easter Sunday in my home church and the morning service was a wonderful outpouring of God's Spirit. Prayers were answered and souls were saved.
With evangelistic fervor, I prepared that afternoon for the evening sermon. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, I felt God's leadership toward another evangelistic message.
Before I was to preach that evening, I surveyed the congregation and my heart sank! "God, did I read you wrong? I know everyone here. They are all saved with the possible exception of our music director's new girl friend. Here I have an evangelistic message and it is too late to change!" With no other option, I preached my message as prepared. Not one soul moved during the invitation. "I was wrong, God. I am sorry."
Not only was I the associate pastor and revival evangelist, I was also the church janitor. As she often did, Sharon, my wife, played the piano while I turned out the lights and locked up. Trying to ease my dejection, I sat with her at the piano and we sang for awhile.
A knock came at the church door. It was Dolly, our music director's new girl friend. "I saw the lights on and thought you might still be here. I want to be saved." That prayer required patience for a few hours. One other prayer required fifteen years. In prayer, we must wait on His timing.
Our prayers must be persistent. Jesus said, "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you" (
In speaking about prayer, the two words Paul most often used were "always" (
Henry Nouwen reminds us of the medieval peasant who sought such an answer. In seeking to pray without ceasing, he repeated the simple prayer, "Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me," hundreds, thousands of times each day. With every step and every breath, he prayed until it became not only the prayer of his lips but the prayer of his heart!3
I think this is close to what Paul meant. To pray without ceasing is to pray constantly, being open to Him so that we literally think and live in the presence of God. Everything we are and do is surrounded by an attitude of prayer. Prayer is talking to God -- pointedly, progressively, patiently, and persistently! But prayer is also listening.
II. Prayer is Listening!
In listening to God, we assume the posture of solitude and silence! Charles Swindoll says, "That still small voice will never shout."4 How true! To hear that "still small voice" we must seek solitude and silence to listen. Jesus was not only an example of this need (
Assuming the posture of solitude, however, is not enough; we must also seek the position of silence -- to listen to God. Again, Ogilvie is helpful. He relates that as a young Christian, he would pray to God 90% of the time and listen only 10%. The years have brought a maturity where that is now reversed. At present, he talks 10% and 90% of the time he listens to God.5 To listen we must seek solitude and silence.
Out of this posture of solitude and silence we find the perspective of the things that matter. But how rare are solitude and silence! How hard it is to find these twin friends of the praying Christian! Ours is a wordy world. Every day and from all directions, we are bombarded by words, commands, exhortation, advertisements .... "use me, try me, buy me" .... and everything will be fine, okay, and as you always wished it could be!
When unaware, these messages create in us false expectations and contrived needs. To quote the infamous Rev. Ike, it's a "You can't lose with the stuff I use!" approach. Well, we use their stuff! We use their deodorants, we try their razors, and we buy their perfumes -- but we do lose. Their products will never live up to their false expectations and our contrived needs. And we are just as noisy, busy, resentful, and depressed as ever.
It is in solitude and silence that we empty ourselves of false hopes and contrived needs and create a holy center where we find the perspective of the things that matter. But we are filled with this perspective only as we empty ourselves.
There is a story about a university professor who came to a Zen master to ask him about Zen. Nanin, the Zen master, served him tea. He poured his visitor's cup full, and then kept pouring. The professor watched the overflow until he could no longer restrain himself. "It is over-full. No more will go in!"
"Like this cup," Nan-in said, "You are full of your own opinions and speculations. How can I teach you Zen unless you first empty your cup?"6
We must empty ourselves in solitude and silence of the things that don't matter so that He can fill us with the things that do! With this proper perspective, we are now able to arrange our lives according to a proper priority. The priority is that for us prayer will become a way of life.
III. Prayer is a Way of Life
When we have prayed properly and from solitude and silence procured a proper perspective, we are able to pursue His Priority of prayer as a way of life. The model prayer that Jesus gave to the disciples was not so much a prayer to be memorized but a way of life to be given priority. When this becomes a reality, and prayer becomes a way of life, we see through the eyes of prayer.
When we see through the eyes of prayer it influences our relationship to the world. All of creation is seen as a gift of God to be treasured and appreciated, never to be used or misused for selfish ends or desires. The world becomes our teacher. "The Heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth His handywork" (
Did not Jesus use the mustard seed to show the greatness of faith? Did He not use the lilies to show the folly of worry? Were not the vine and branches object lessons in the need for prayer? When we see through the eyes of prayer, all of creation is seen as God's gift, teaching and directing us to Him.
When we see through the eyes of prayer it influences our relationship with time. We are all too busy. Crowded schedules and multi-marked calendars rob us of life's vitality. As one writer has said, "Hurry is not of the devil! It is the devil." From real prayer we gain the proper perspective to see time not as something to be endured or rushed through. Every moment becomes kairos time, a moment to be seized, an adventure to be lived, a meaning to be found, and a joy to behold. In prayer we slow down enough to enjoy!
Naturally, when we see through the eyes of prayer, it influences our relationship with people. We often tend to take note of only the people with special or interesting qualities. We idolize movie stars, political figures, and sports heroes.
Several months ago, we got excited at our house because Sharon's sister had dated a real TV star. Wow! He was on one of those soap operas. He played Zipper on "The Young and the Witless" -- or was it Stuper on "The Edge of Town"? I don't know! Well, anyway, we got excited. Another case in point! Why is it that gossip has almost become our national pastime? What about all these magazines! We that are ashamed to buy them sure sneak a peek while checking out at the supermarket. We tend to take note of the interesting and famous people.
Also, we often relate to people through our own preconceived ideas and images of how they ought to be or behave. We judge or pre-judge them according to how we feel a rich or poor, sinner or saint, liberal or conservative, Republican or Democrat ought to behave. We have such a preconceived idea of what they should be, we never see them as they are.
When we see through the eyes of prayer we see people as persons. The word person comes from the Latin words per and sonare which mean "sounding through." When we see people as persons we "sound through" that outward appearance and see them through the eyes of prayer. All persons are interesting, not just the famous! No one has to fit into a preconceived mold and each is allowed to be the person God created him or her to be! We sound through the outward appearance and see the real and unique person -- the climax of God's creation -- another individual for whom Christ died. Real prayer gives us eyes to see and change our relationship to the world, time and people.
Elizabeth O'Connor shares this story about a man who went each day to sit in a darkened church. One day as he came out, a perplexed friend inquired what he did during the long time he spent inside the church. "I just look at Him," he answered, "and He looks at me."7
When I look at Him, I see Him for what He is. When He looks at me, I see not only what I am but what I can be through Him! That's the power of prayer!
1. Ian MacPherson. The Act of Illustrating Sermons (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1964), p. 91-93.
2. Lloyd John Ogilvie. Ask Him Anything (Waco: Word Books, 1981), p. 81.
3. Henri J. M. Nouwen. The Way of the Heart (New York: The Seabury Press, 1981), p. 82.
4. Charles Swindoll. Crowing Strong in the Seasons of Life (Portland: Multnomah Press, 1983), p. 83.
5. Lloyd John Ogilvie. When God First Thought of You (Waco: Word Books, 1978), p. 156.
6. Henri J. M. Nouwen. Out of Solitude (Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press, 1974), p. 42.
7. Elizabeth O'Connor. Search for Silence (Waco: Word Books, 1972), p. 120.


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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Bannerman:
Dr. Bannerman's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Bannerman's Specialties
- Cardiology
- View 1 specialty and 2 board certifications
Procedures Dr. Bannerman Performs
- Cardiac Catheterization (incl. Coronary Angiography)
- Cardiac Imaging
- See all 5 procedures
Conditions Dr. Bannerman Treats
- Aneurysm and Dissection of Heart
- Angina and Acute Coronary Syndrome
- See all 29 conditions
More About Dr. Bannerman's Background
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- Hackensackumc Mountainside
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- Montclair, NJ 07042
9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Be the first to evaluate Dr. Bannerman by taking our Patient Satisfaction Survey.
Your feedback will help other patients make informed decisions, and let the doctor know how he's doing.
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Patient satisfaction surveys provide a standardized way of reporting about healthcare experiences. But there can be more than meets the eye when reviewing scores. Here's what you should know
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- Essex Heart Grp Summit Mdcl Grp
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7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready


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- Filed Under
Less than an hour before Saturday's semistate baseball game, Wapahani was dealt a startling blow.
An errant throw in warm-ups resulted in Raiders coach Brian Dudley being hit in the right eye by a ball. Minutes later, he was in the back of an ambulance on the way to Community Howard Hospital.
He would spend the next few hours receiving stiches and wishing he could be at the baseball diamond, while the team he built battled its way to a championship by beating Lafayette Central Catholic 2-1 in the Kokomo Semistate. ...


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Bobby Brown chosen to receive Davey O'Brien founder's award
Dr. Bobby Brown, longtime Fort Worth philanthropist and cardiologist, has been selected as recipient of the 2013 Charles Ringler Founder's Award by members of the Davey O'Brien Foundation.
Brown, a third baseman on four World Series-winning teams in eight seasons with the New York Yankees (1946-54), will be honored at the Davey O'Brien Awards Dinner, Feb. 17 at the Fort Worth Club.
Other honorees and their awards include: Florida State quarterback Jameis Winston, 2013 Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award; Doug Williams, 2013 Legends Award; and Eric Yang, 2013 High School Scholarship Award.
The founder's award, established in 2004, honors an individual or corporation for long-term devotion to the success of the O'Brien Foundation.
"I'm delighted to be honored and very appreciative of this award," said Brown, whose .439 batting average at the World Series remains the sixth-highest career mark during the Fall Classic. "I knew Davey, so I'm humbled to be recognized by the foundation that bears his name."
Brown, who served in the Navy from 1943-46, finished medical school at Tulane before opening his cardiology practice in Fort Worth in 1958. In addition to a successful medical practice, he also served 10 years as president of the American League and spent one season as president of the Texas Rangers.
Local Spotlight
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ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, HAMBURG,Germany: On December 7th,ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems handed over the third and last Class 124 frigate to the Federal Office of Defence and Procurement. The ship was built by Nordseewerke shipyard in Emden within the ARGE F124 consortium incorporating as well Blohm + Voss (Hamburg) and Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (Kiel).
With the handover of the frigate HESSEN, the F124 construction schedule, which represents one of the German Navy's biggest procurement plans with orders totalling around 1.5 billion euros, is successfully concluded.
New kind of data-processing and guidance system
In addition to leading task groups, the main task of the new frigate is the wide-ranging protection of the task group against any form of threat from the air. The use of a large number of sensors and effectors takes an enormous amount of time during information processing. That is why a new kind of data-processing and guidance system with a real-time database and integrated communications network is being used on Class 124 frigates for the first time. The integration of such complex systems was a particular challenge that the ARGE F 124 shipyards successfully solved.
With a displacement of 5,600 tons, the frigate HESSEN is one of the biggest combat units in the German Navy. Just like its sister-ships SACHSEN und HAMBURG, the HESSEN carries the multifunctional radar APAR (Active Phased Array), which was developed in German-Dutch-Canadian collaboration, as well as a new kind of long-range radar.
A further innovation is the modular "Guidance and Weapons Usage System", which stands out due to a decentralised computer installation with a total of 17 on-board computer consoles. These are connected to the weapons and sensors via two ring-like light conductor cables laid in the ship. The entire software for the "Guidance and Weapons Usage System" was developed by the ARGE F124 together with the companies EADS, Thales, Atlas Elektronik as well as other software firms.
The accommodation areas are designed in such a way that additional staff personnel can be put up. Moreover, for the first time the configuration of the living quarters into different zones with separate sanitary facilities takes the accommodation of female crew-members into account.
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems
F124, The Hessen Frigate Delivered to the German Navy
By Editor on Friday, December 9th, 2005


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Mandarin GRO at Kupu Kupu Jimbaran Suits
Kupu Kupu Jimbaran Suits is seeking for: Mandarin GRO
Charming and be able to handling guest complain
Indonesian Nationality
One year's experiences as Mandarin Guest Relations,
Maximum 30 years old
Knowledge of html, hotel system Program, Microsoft Office
Good relationship skill to wedding organizer, hotels & travel agent
Fluency in both written & spoken English
Based in Jimbaran.
If you meet the requirements above, please send your application with recent photograph within 2 weeks after this advertisement to: Please Login or Register to apply this job online.
Lowongan Pekerjaan Tahun 2014 : Mandarin GRO at Kupu Kupu Jimbaran Suits.


text: 2 Share This Story!Let friends in your social network know what you are reading aboutFacebookEmailTwitterGoogle+LinkedInPinterestCoach's Corner: Scott NorwoodCoach's Corner: Scott NorwoodPost to FacebookCoach's Corner: Scott Norwood Coach's Corner: Scott Norwood Check out this story on thv11.com: http://on.kthv.com/1iX7pwn {# #} CancelSendSent!A link has been sent to your friend's email address.Posted!A link has been posted to your Facebook feed. Join the ConversationTo find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQsCoach's Corner: Scott Norwood THV 11's Hayden Balgavy sits down with UALR Head Coach Scott Norwood KTHV 8:47 p.m. CDT March 17, 2014CONNECT 2 TWEETLINKEDINCOMMENTEMAILMORELITTLE ROCK, Ark. (KTHV) - THV 11's Hayden Balgavy sits down with UALR head baseball coach Scott Norwood to talk about the Trojans beginning Sun Belt conference play.Read or Share this story: http://on.kthv.com/1iX7pwn


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emapictures's Favorites
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Yantram, is a 3d Rendering - Architectural Rendering company offering ser...yantram12010-10-01T22:59:562,088 views00:01:30 - BSB - I want it that wayIf it's family friendly and hilarious then I really like it. SUbscribe for the good times!believe8362010-10-01T23:11:036,658 views00:03:36
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Solar Ambassador of Solar Oregon
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Our first single "Over" will be out March 4th!!!
Genres: Alternative / Pop Punk
Location: Detroit/Lansing, MI
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In 2012, 43 drug overdoses were reported in the township, according to police. Of those, 30 were from heroin and four resulted in death.
Those were among the statistics discussed Wednesday night during a two-hour public forum hosted by the Lacey Township Drug/Alcohol Abuse Taskforce at Lacey High School. Several hundred people attended the program called "A Red Night Out," including Steve L. Willis, an attorney in the township.
Willis shared details of his son Mark's drug addiction problems, which began when he was 13 years old. Willis said he pressed charges on his son in order to show the ...