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Hi there. i need some help from you guys can any of you tell me how to prove the effects of negative feedback mathematically? i need to prove that negative feedback causes -reduction in gain -reduction of distortion -increase of gain stability -increase in bandwidth increase in input resistance thanks in advance Jon
I don't think some of those are correct, Jon. I'm not aware of a way that negative feedback can be used to increase Zin, for example. And negative feedback on its own isn't going to increase bandwidth. Reduction in gain is easy, just compare the open loop gain and closed loop gain for an opamp circuit like a follower. Distortion -- depends on the circuit. Gain Stability -- not sure what that means, unless you mean like emitter degeneration. Just use that as the example, if you mean bias point stability instead of Gain Stability. Where did you get the question from? They must have had something more specific in mind. What textbook are you using?
Berkeman, I would say all of those are true. You question input impedance. Take a simple common emmiter configured transistor amplifier. Suppose it an emitter resistor of 1000 ohms with a capacitor in parallel that presents a low (let's call it zero) impedance to the signal being amplified on the emitter. So, knowing this the input impedance will be R'e + (beta * the emitter resistor). This gives us a Zin of R'e. Remove the capacitor and you are introducing negative feedback because of the emitter resistor. Do the math again and you will find that the Zin has gone up. Increasing bandwidth? You bet. It is at the expense of lowering the gain, but it does. Suppose you have an amplifier running open loop and due to parasitic capacitance and etc. of the circuit it has a funny frequency response curve. If you introduce some of the output signal back onto the input (inverted of course) you will reduce the gain and assuming that the feedback path has a flat frequency response the output will try to follow input closer than before. Think of the output as being a scaled version of what is on the inverting input. Basic op-amp theory tells us that inverting and non-inverting inputs always try to track each other. By definition you cannot flatten the frequency response without also reducing distortion. Not necessarily ALL types of distortion. I think gain stability means stability of the gain over a temperature range.
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~mleach/ece3050/notes/feedback/fdbkamps.pdf I only read the first ten pages but this paper should cover everything you want except maybe bandwidth calculation. But even if it doesn't the technique is the same but you do it in the frequency domain. (If you're not familiar with Laplace transform now is the perfect time to start) I think jonathansd actually is referring to the "effective bandwidth" of a system. As I recall the effective bandwidth is defined as the position of the 3db point on the frequency axes.
Interesting points by ASN. But I don't think the increase of Zin by the emitter resistor can be considered due to negative feedback. It seems more like positive feedback, which can definitely be used to increase Zin (like in bootstrap applications). The emitter resistor in the CE amp configuration acts as negative feedback for the bias point, because it decreases the gain for an increase in base bias voltage. But I don't think it acts as negative feedback with respect to an input signal. You would use the collector voltage for negative feedback in the CE amp configuration, not the emitter voltage.
In a feedback circuit you can sample the output voltage or the output current and can compare the feedback with the input signal in series or in parallel. Comparing in series increases the input resistence, while comparing in parallel decreases it. Sampling the ouput voltage decreases the output resistence, while sampling the output current increases it. The example of the common emmiter amplifier, suggested by ASN is one of sampling voltage ang comparing in series, so we should expect an increasing of input resistence and a decrease in output resistence.
The emitter resistor acts as negative feedback for the signal too. Especially if you are using it as a DC amplifier. I have seen in several text books that the emitter resistor is considered negative feedback. You talk about taking the signal off of the collector on a common emitter amp for feedback. If we eliminate the capacitor off of the emitter as I described in an earlier post, you can use the emitter as an output as well. Or for that matter, use both the collector and emitter for outputs. This is known as a phase splitter. You also talk about changing the bias point by changing the emitter resistor. You change the base current and emitter current, but NOT the voltage if you are using voltage divider bias. Take a look at an op-amp with bipolar transistor inputs. Negative feedback WILL increase the input impedance. A noninverting amplifier will have a lower input impedance when running in open loop. Done the experiment in school like 15 years ago. SGT, I don't think the output Z of a common emitter is determined by the emitter resistor. The emitter resistor does have a play in voltage gain though.
Well, I could be wrong (it wouldn't be the first time), but I don't see how the emitter voltage can be considered *negative* feedback, when the voltage swing is in phase with the input voltage. Negative feedback would generally mean that the signal that is getting fed back to sum with the input is about 180 degrees out of phase with the input signal. That's why I would consider feeding back Vc negative feedback, and feeding back Ve to be positive feedback. I checked my basic transistor text (Electronic Circuits by Holt), and I couldn't find any reference to negative feedback in the discussions about Re. I did check the feedback chapter, and found the statements that you were referring to, about how voltage sum feedback can increase Zin, and current sum feedback can decrease Zin. But the polarity of the voltage feedback in the examples is positive, so of course that can increase Zin. That's the bootstrap effect that I was referring to. Taking your example of an inverting amplifier -- the input impedance would be Ri+Rf with no negative feedback (assuming a low input impedance for the stage that the output of the opamp is driving), and Ri with negative feedback. How does the negative feedback increase the input resistance? It sure looks like it lowers it using that example.
Berkeman I was just thumbing through Malvino's Electronic Principles Third edition. Page 507 (chapter 16) describes what I was referring to about the emitter resistor. They have a common emitter NPN transistor amplifier. It is set up with voltage divider bias on the base, a collector resistor and 2 emitter resistors in series. The lower emitter resistor is bypassed with a capacitor. The upper one is the one considered the feedback resistor. Also known as a swamping resistor. They call this configuration non-inverting current feedback. BUT, the effect is negative feedback. They also show some other configurations of discreet feedback schemes. They show a resistor going from the collector back to the base and it is described as inverting voltage feedback. It would lower the input impedance. They show 2 other schemes but they both involve a second transistor stage. They are: Inverting current feedback (lower input impedance) and Non-inverting voltage feedback which a second inverting stage feeds the signal on its collector back to the first stage emitter. This configuration raises input impedance. They also describe in another area of the book how negative feedback increases the bandwidth of a circuit. I thought I covered that well enough earlier. Elaborate please? Not sure what Ri and Rf are.
Remember that this is a series comparison. The input signal is from base to ground, but the effective signal is from base to emmiter, that is, the difference between the input signal and the feedback signal (the emmiter to ground voltage). If you sample the collector signal and feed it back to the base through a resistor, you have parallel comparison: the input current and the feedback current sum up at the input node, so you must have opposite phases in order to have negative feedback. The opposite is true for the bootstrat configuration you mentioned. Since you have parallel comparison and in phase currents, you have positive feedback. In this case there is no effective difference. The output resistence is divided by [tex]1 + \beta[/tex], but since it is infinite, dividing it by a finite value makes it still infinite.
Quick math proof: 1. Reduction in Gain Closed-loop gain = Open-loop gain / (1 + Open-loop gain*B) where B = feedback factor > 0 Can be derived from Transfer Function analysis as you can se fro the relation, the denominator > 1, so Closed-loop gain is effectively reduced by negative feedback! 2. Reduction in Linear Distortion Consider the voltage transfer characteristics of both open-loop and closed-loop amplifier(with B=0.01). Assume open-loop voltage transfer characteristics to be piecewise linear. Open-loop gain varies from 1000 to 100 to 0. Plot the open-loop voltage transfer characteristics vo/vi on graph paper. Then apply negative feedback B = 0.01. Closed-loop gain 1 = 1000 / (1000 + 1000*0.01) = 90.9 Closed loop gain 2 = 100 / (100 + 100*0.01) = 50 Closed-loop gain varies from 90.9 to 50 to 0. Plot the closed-loop voltage transfer characteristics vo/vi on graph paper. From the plot, you can see that the slope=gain change is gradual for closed-loop voltage TF compared to open-loop TF. So, linear distortion is effectively reduced by negative feedback!
Quick Math Proof: 3. Increase in gain stability / Gain Desensitivity Consider closed-loop gain = open-loop gain / (1 + open-loop gain*B) Af = A / (1 + AB) Applying calculus approximation method, d(Af) = dA/(1+AB)^2 Divide by Af, d(Af)/Af = (dA/A) * (1/(1+AB) only accurate for small dA/A As can be seen from above, a significantly large change in open-loop gain (dA/A) will cause little change in closed-loop gain (d(Af)/Af), due to the division of negative feedback densensitivity factor (1+AB) >> 1. Thereby, the gain is stabilized by applying negative feedback! 4. Increase in BW Consider high-frequency amplifier TF with dominant pole Wh. A = Ao / (1+(s/Wh)) Applying the formula of negative feedback, Af = A/(1+AB) Af = (Ao/(1+AoB)) * (1/(1+(s/(Wh*(1+AoB))))) From the above, we can see that Aof = 1st term = Ao/(1+AoB) Whf = last term = Wh*(1+AoB) -----(1) From equation (1), we see that the high frequency 3-dB point is increased by a factor of (1+AoB) with negative feedback applied! Uising the same transfer function analysis for low-frequency point, we arrive Wlf = Wl / (1+AoB) ---effectively reduced by factor (1+AoB) with negative feedback applied! So overall, BW = Whf - Wlf is effectively increased due to negative feedback!
An additional property of negative feedback you never mentioned is NOISE REDUCTION performance. 5. Increase in input resistance This is not necessary true! It depends on the actual feedback topology you employed in the amplifier circuit. Basically, you need to apply voltage feedback to input signal (Series mixing) so that the input resistance of the feedback amplifier is effectively increased by a factor of (1+AB)! If you apply current feedback to input (Shunt mixing), the input resistance is effectively reduced by factor (1+AB)! Hope you have a hapy time reading!


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"How could I be disappointed?"
Sigh. This reading of the Return of the King is from the 1980's editions which have been altered from the 1960's editions that I'm familiar with. While I'm certain that the changes made to the story were well meant they are noticeable and irritating. I would appreciate it if , in the future, Audible would note the edition of the story that is being presented, especially when there are significant differences between the editions.
"Loved it right up to the end"
This re-envisioned telling of Sleeping Beauty satisfied both my need for depth in details and well done characters. Only the end, while the logical conclusion given the characters, felt like a let down. Perhaps it is just a matter of too much happy ending and not enough fulfillment of duty for my Puritanical soul.
"Disappointed by this abbreviated version"
Music came in at odd moments and the first time it was almost loud enough to drown out the narrator. The abridging of the story was done well enough but I found I was unsatisfied as I had read the story in full 5 years ago.
I look forward to this story being narrated in an unabridged version.


text:
Abengoa to Sustain First-Quarter Sales Growth, Camacho Says
June 2 (Bloomberg) -- Abengoa SA will likely sustain the pace of first-quarter sales growth for the rest of this year, Strategy Director Javier Camacho said today at a conference in Madrid.
Revenue at the engineering company based in Seville, Spain, jumped 14 percent in the first quarter compared with the year-earlier as sales of solar power and ethanol surged.
Abengoa uses cash from its engineering and industrial construction business, which generated 545 million euros ($665 million) of its total 1.2 billion euros in sales, to finance investment in growth industries such as renewable energy and biofuels.
To contact the reporter on this story: Ben Sills in Madrid at email@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Reed Landberg at email@example.com


text:
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TR's big CES 2015 digest Our shortbread-style CES digest is becoming a yearly tradition. This year, we have a record-breaking 65 stories, which we've conveniently sorted by section and... Type: Feature article Tags: Miscellaneous The Tech Report |
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A first taste of Lollipop on Nvidia's Shield Tablet Nvidia's Shield Tablet starts getting its Android 5.0 Lollipop update today. We've taken a quick look at an early preview build to see... Type: Feature article Tags: Mobile computing Operating systems |
35 |
A first look at the Windows 10 Technical Preview Cyril has spent some time with the Windows 10 Technical Preview, and he's jotted down his thoughts about each of the major new features... Type: Feature article Tags: Operating systems Windows |
116 |
Intel's Xeon E5-2687W v3 processor reviewed If you thought Haswell-E was something, wait til you get a load of the EP variant. This server-grade monster has up to 18 cores... Type: Feature article Tags: CPUs Servers Workstations |
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TR's August 2014 peripheral staff picks In this second edition of the peripheral staff picks, we've reworked the display section with the latest 4K and G-Sync monitors in mind. We've... Type: Feature article Tags: Multimedia Storage Systems Displays Input devices |
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A quick look at Diamond's Xtreme Sound XS71HDU We love sound cards here at TR, but they don't fit in every kind of PC. Diamond's Xtreme Sound XS71HDU serves up the same kinds... Type: Feature article Tags: Multimedia |
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TR's April 2014 peripheral staff picks When we introduced our new System Guide format in February, we cut out peripherals in order to focus more closely on internal PC components. Our... Type: Feature article Tags: Multimedia Storage Systems Displays Input devices |
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Hands-on with Windows 8.1 Preview Late last month, Microsoft announced a raft of interface changes that Windows 8.1 would introduce. Here's a first-hand look at some of them from... Type: Feature article Tags: Operating systems Windows |
50 |
Does the Radeon HD 7950 stumble in Windows 8? Last week, we published a rematch between the Radeon HD 7950 and the GeForce GTX 660 Ti in which the Radeon took an unexpected beating.... Type: Feature article Tags: Graphics Gaming Operating systems |
213 |
Windows 8: The convertible OS After spending a week with Microsoft's touch-friendly OS, one thing is clear: Windows 8 is perfect for convertible tablets. Type: Feature article Tags: Mobile computing Operating systems |
63 |
Asus' budget Xonar DGX and DSX sound cards reviewed Asus' Xonar DGX and DSX cost less than $50, making them tempting upgrades for folks seeking better sound. Both cards have PCI Express interfaces,... Type: Feature article Tags: Multimedia |
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A look at hardware video transcoding on the PC The market is rife with hardware video transcoders and software that can take advantage of them. However, making sense of that jungle of disparate offerings... Type: Feature article Tags: CPUs Graphics Multimedia |
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Western Digital's VelociRaptor 1TB hard drive Is there any hope for high-performance mechanical drives? We test WD's latest 10k-RPM VelociRaptor 1TB against a diverse array of competitors to find out. Type: Feature article Tags: Storage Servers Workstations |
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OCZ's RevoDrive 3 X2 240GB solid-state drive Using virtualization voodoo, the RevoDrive 3 X2 combines four SandForce-based SSDs on a single PCIe card purportedly capable of transfer rates up to 1500MB/s. ... Type: Feature article Tags: Storage Servers Workstations |
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Asus' Transformer tablets share an Ice Cream Sandwich Asus has been quick to roll out Ice Cream Sandwich updates for its Eee Pad Transformers. We take a closer look at the... Type: Feature article Tags: Mobile computing Operating systems Personal tech |
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Leaked roadmap charts desktop course for Broadwell, Skylake into 2016 | 10 |


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Taz October 16, 2013 12:10 PM I can imagine...."Heikki, you seriously want to drive this shed again?" Reply Report abuse 15 agree 2 disagree
HairyLuthier October 16, 2013 1:41 PM Given the rate of development in F1 and how the Caterhams have always been around 3-4 seconds slower than the top cars, Would this years Caterham be as fast as the Red Bull was in 2010? It is hard to imagine them ever catching up with the rest unless they poach a top designer or luck out with a regulation change. Reply Report abuse 10 agree 0 disagree
JJJ October 16, 2013 4:30 PM Clearly in terms of the sport aspect of things neither Heikki nor Caterham have much to gain if Heikki re-signs as a racing driver for them. Heikki is not going to achieve anything more than he has in his previous years at this team and the FP sessions have shown that two decent paydrivers can extract about the same performance from the car that Heikki can.Tony Fernandes just desperately wants to buy credibility rather than real substance as can be seen with both his football team (big has been names with high salaries, no performance) and his raceteam, rather than trying to actually build something with a real chance to break through sometime (attracting young potential both in terms of drivers and car designers).I guess he'll have a driver that he feels has a reputation so he can rub elbows with the other team owners without feeling lesser than them and Heikki gets a paycheck and something to do on the weekends.The fans get nothing, instead of a young driver to evaluate they ge Reply Report abuse 2 agree 9 disagree
JJJ October 16, 2013 4:31 PM t the same old guy who has already been there for a couple year without the promise of ever being a real contender at the front. Yay. Reply Report abuse 2 agree 9 disagree
SergeF1Champs October 16, 2013 5:56 PM JJJ stop crying please:Kovalainen is far better than Van der Money and Charle$ Pic... And Kovalainen has beat the rich dutch 3 times in the 3 FP1 he has competed in... Reply Report abuse 12 agree 3 disagree
rob01 October 16, 2013 8:13 PM with the aero side of things clamped down to near nothing. the new formula and the help from engine supplier should pull them closer to mid pack... Reply Report abuse 2 agree 0 disagree
Firestorm October 16, 2013 8:58 PM At the first years of his career Kovalainen was the driver which replaced Alonso twice. He was rated highly at the time. But something has gone wrong with him at McLaren but anyway he was replaced by the eventual world champion, Jenson Button for 2010 and on. After that he signed for Tony Fernandes team and his downfall begun. He gave it all but the cars of Team Lotus/Caterham were junks. I think that he deserves a drive in a midfield team like Sauber or Force India. Reply Report abuse 8 agree 1 disagree
Taz October 16, 2013 9:27 PM @FirestormI'd agree better than 4 or 5 of the current drivers but so was Kobayashi and he had a super cool name but can't get a drive.And with that, he was gone... Reply Report abuse 1 agree 1 disagree
JJJ October 17, 2013 12:36 AM Well clearly I'm in the minority on this one...I just don't get it. First half year at Renault was abysmal, time at McLaren was decidedly mediocre...even at Caterham he ultimately needed Vit to lift the team above Marussia last year...Can we at least agree that if he doesn't consistently beat whoever ends up being his teammate next year it can finally be over with the endless hype? Reply Report abuse 4 agree 3 disagree
rdc October 17, 2013 4:17 AM @JJJ Only due to street race of attritation and a wet race of attritiation Reply Report abuse 0 agree 0 disagree


text:
I am from Brooklyn, I live in Stockholm.
Kirsten has completed online and offline ID verification.
Kirsten was a wonderful guest, and it was a pleasure to host her. I was kept updated on arrival times and leaving times, and she took great care of the house, leaving the room clean and tidy. I would definitely recommend her, and she are welcome back any time.
Kirsten is a good and clean guest, she stayed at my place for 2 nights. She is friendly and I definitely recommend her as a guest.
Kirsten is incredibly friendly and easy-going to live with.Better guest than Kirsten I don´t think you can get. More than welcome back any time.
Very nice guest. I had the chance to talk to Kirsten.She seems to be an experienced traveler and also know Stockholm no help or guidance was needed.
I didn't have a chance to meet Kirsten personally, only by phone and mail, but everything was all right during her stay in my apartment. She left everything in order and as we have agreed. It was a pleasure to have her as a guest.
Kirsten and her friend who were staying in my belgrade apt were nice and easy going. I would recommend them as guests.
Kirsten e' stata una ospite molto educata, pulita e amichevole. Penso che lei sia stata felice della sua permanenza a Napoli.


text:
William Milton Bell | |
Birthdate: | |
Birthplace: | Shelbyville, Shelby, Illinois, USA |
Death: | Died in Salem, Delaware, Indiana, USA |
Place of Burial: | Newton Cemetery. Plot: 8-12-1, Newton, Cache, Utah, USA |
Immediate Family: |
Son of Alfred Bell and Martha Louisa Elder |
Managed by: | Private User |
Last Updated: |
Historical records matching William Milton Bell
Immediate Family
half brother
half brother
half sister
About William Milton Bell
Mormon Pioneer:
"...A History of the travels & labors of Eli Bell Son of Alfred & Martha L. Bell, Born in Shelby County Ill [Illinois] in the year of our lord 1834. Nov 12th our Parents haveing joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter[-]day Saints[.] Previous, when I was about 4 years old, journeyed up to Nauvo[o] also in this State with Theire famaley which consisted of Father & Mother My half Bro on Mothers Sid[e] Claborn [Clayborne Montgomery] Elder My older Bro William [Milton Bell] & Myself.
Arrived at Nauvo[o] in the year 1838[.] finley Setled in Nashvill[e] a little town on the other Side of the Mississippi River in the State of Iowa 3 Miles below Montrose after which we Moved cross the River in to Ill[inois]. where we remained untill after the deth of the Prophet & Patriarch Joseph & Hyrum Smith in June 4, 1844[.] in the year 1846 in the Month of February 1846 we started with the main Bodey of the Church on their journey into the Western wilderness crossing the Miss[issippi] River on the Ice. Our famaley consisting of 5 Souls with Provision Clotherings &c. Piled into 1 wagon. drawn by one yoke of Oxen, We begen our (which afterwards proved) to be a long and tedious journey. we traveled on as best we could stopin at times to work untill in the Spring of 1847 we turned off the Main Road and went down into the Stat[e] of Missouri, in the vicinity of St. Joseph on the Mis[s]ouri River where we remained eaarning an "outfit" to cross the Pla[i]ns with, untill the Spring of 1851 when we started on Our journey to Salt Lake or Utah which had ben located and settled by the Pioneers of the Church in 1847. by this time we had 2 wagons with 3 yoke of Cattle to each wagon and our Provisions for the journey with our Clothing filled the wagons to the Bows. Thus we journeyed cross the Plains arriveing in Salt Lake City in the Month of Oct 1851..."
SOURCE: Bell, Eli, Autobiographical sketch, 89-90. Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah
William Milton Bell's Timeline
1833 |
July 22, 1833
Shelbyville, Shelby, Illinois, USA
1859 |
April 9, 1859
Age 25
Salem, Delaware, Indiana, USA
???? |
???? |
Newton, Cache, Utah, USA


text:
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
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- Weekly 2nd Place January 3, 2007
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Author Comments
***Part B:***
http://www.newgrounds.com /portal/view/357746
Thanks for frontpage and the awards!
Castle III poster: zazzle.com/Netrosis
After almost two years of hard work I have finally managed to complete the third installment of the Castle series. This is the first part out of four. I hope you enjoy.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I've always liked the castle series. The animation is quickly-paced, yet easy to follow. It's almost...rhythmic, if you will. I still wanna know what the books are gonna be used for. The story is well-thought, can't wait to find out what's up with Etrius. (Forgot his name, hope that's how it's spelled).
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Some observations...
When the guy bitten by the zombie starts remembering the past...
1st: He only shooted at the dragon with an assault riffle...never used a sword.
2nd: In the second castle he only opened one side of the door...not both.
The rest was pretty good... :P
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Let's go to a world that has completely been destroyed by an unknown power, and take that power home with us! YAY!
...I wouldn't be surprised...
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Oscar is Flash-God!!!!
Unbelievable man, kust keeps getting better.
You ever think of pitching it as a movie?
Hollywood loves this kind of stuff.


text:
Bath winger Banahan and Newcastle prop Wilson have been rewarded for impressive displays in Saturday's 33-26 defeat by the Barbarians.
May, the Toulon-bound utility back, starts at inside centre where he will form a robust midfield partnership with Leicester's Dan Hipkiss. Jamie Noon has been ruled out with a calf injury.
The Armitage brothers are reunited in an England side for the second time, Delon continuing at full-back and Steffon winning his second cap at openside.
There are five changes to the side that started against the Barbarians with Wasps back row James Haskell joining Banahan, Wilson, May and Steffon Armitage.
The front five and half-back pairing of Andy Goode and Danny Care are unchanged, while in the back row Chris Robshaw and Lewis Moody drop out of the squad.
Brive hooker Steve Thompson features among the substitutes for the second week in succession and is joined by fellow World Cup winner Ben Kay.
Julian White, the Leicester prop, will win his 50th cap should he make an appearance from a bench that also includes Sale's Mathew Tait.
England open the series at Old Trafford, their first visit to Manchester since 1997, before travelling to Argentina to play the second and final Test in Salta seven days later.
The Pumas, who finished third at the 2007 World Cup, sit one place higher in the International Rugby Board world rankings in fifth.
England team: D Armitage (London Irish), M Cueto (Sale Sharks), D Hipkiss (Leicester), T May (Newcastle), M Banahan (Bath); A Goode (Brive), D Care (Harlequins); T Payne (Wasps), D Hartley (Northampton), D Wilson (Newcastle), S Borthwick (Saracens, capt), L Deacon (Leicester), J Haskell (Wasps), S Armitage (London Irish), N Easter (Harlequins).
Replacements: S Thompson (Brive), J White (Leicester), B Kay (Leicester), J Crane (Leicester), P Hodgson (London Irish), S Vesty (Leicester), M Tait (Sale Sharks).
Tweets by @rbs_6_nations


text:
Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family |
Scientific Name: | Larix kaempferi | |||
Species Authority: | (Lamb.) Carriére | |||
Common Name(s):
Synonym(s): |
Pinus kaempferi Lamb.
Red List Category & Criteria: | Least Concern ver 3.1 |
Year Published: | 2013 |
Date Assessed: | 2010-12-17 |
Assessor(s): | Katsuki, T. & Luscombe, D |
Reviewer(s): | Thomas, P. |
Justification: This species has a fairly restricted range in central Hoshu, Japan. It is an extremely important timber tree and although it has been heavily exploited over time, there has been supplemental re-planting of the species essentially for commercial reasons. The provenance of the supplemental material is unknown, and it is likely that this comes from forestry sources, which is most likely improved or at least had some selection involved. It is impossible to distinguish natural trees from planted individuals, and there is also inter-breeding, so effectively the whole population is slowly being altered over time to being of mixed genetic origin. To what degree this genetic contamination results in any genetic decline is not known. As it is impossible to distinguish between the wild population and the introduced population, the species has to either be assessed as Data Deficient or Least Concern. The latter option is selected here. |
Range Description: | Endemic to central Honshu, Japan. |
Countries: | Native: Japan (Honshu) |
Range Map: | Click here to open the map viewer and explore range. |
Population: | It is locally common. |
Population Trend: | Stable |
Habitat and Ecology: | Larix kaempferi is a species of mesic sites, occurring from the hills to high in the mountains (500 m to 2,300 m a.s.l.), on the south face of Fuji san it reaches 2,900 m. Unlike the other NE Asiatic larches it occupies better soils, often of recent volcanic origin, and is never found on peat. The climate is cold, with snowy winters and abundant rain in cool summers. It is commonly found in association with other conifers, e.g. Pinus densiflora, Picea jezoensis subsp. hondoensis, Tsuga diversifolia, Abies homolepis at lower elevations, and A. veitchii at higher elevations, but it is clearly a sub-climax species. Several broad-leaved tree genera are present at the lower elevations, e.g. Quercus, Fagus and Betula. Pure 'scrub stands' may occur at the upper limit of trees. |
Systems: | Terrestrial |
Use and Trade: | Japanese Larch is an important timber tree in Japan and in Europe (Scotland), where it has been introduced in 1834. The wood is similar to that of European Larch and is used for construction, railway sleepers, pit props and the pulp industry. It is also a frequently planted amenity tree in parks and large gardens and a limited number of cultivars are known. In Scotland, a spontaneous hybrid occurred around 1900 between L. kaempferi and L. decidua which was named Larix ×eurolepis Henry (but is correctly named Larix ×marschlinsii Coaz based on an earlier crossing event) and shows marked F1 hybrid vigour or heterosis. Its seed cones resemble those of L. kaempferi with recurved scale apices, but are larger. This fast growing hybrid became much favoured by foresters and has been propagated and planted widely in many parts of Europe, often involving back-crosses with either parents. Despite this greater production of timber per ha/year of the hybrid, Japanese larch remains an important plantation tree for timber on poorer soils, where neither the hybrid not the other parent do so well and where much of Europe's plantation forestry is situated (the better soils being occupied by agriculture mostly for food crops). |
Major Threat(s): |
Has been heavily exploited in the past for its timber – was used for house building, etc. But after logging, seedlings were planted back in the area again. So although the natural population has been logged, because there has been supplemental planting the exploitation can be considered not to have been that damaging as far as we can tell. The question is whether or not the seedlings were from the same subpopulation or were from a different subpopulation, or worse yet, from cultivated (improved) sources. Without further knowledge about the provenance of the seedling material one has to assume that these are introductions and thus over the long-term the population remains fairly stable. |
Conservation Actions: | Part of the range falls inside a protected area, but much is outside. Larix kaempferi has also been planted back into the Yatsukaga-Chushin Kogen Quasi National Park. |
Citation: | Katsuki, T. & Luscombe, D 2013. Larix kaempferi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 05 May 2015. |
Disclaimer: | To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>. |
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Top Definition
To poop all over one named Andy.
Yo dawg, I just was Andying all over that clown!
Yeah, Fuck Andy!
Yeah, Fuck Andy!
Andying tərəfindən
14 Dekabr 2012
1 more definition
Writing Andy on the bottom of somebody's shoe or sock after they pass out at a party. Originates from Toy Story; where Andy writes his names on the feet of his toys, mainly Woody and Buzz.
Nate passed out on the couch last night so we took off his shoes and wrote Andy on his foot. He was so mad, I love Andy-ing!
blaah123456789 tərəfindən
24 İyul 2011


text:
See who should and will win Emmys
See who should and will win Emmys. Kyra Sedgwick, Steve Carell, and '24' are all up for gold -- who will take home the statues?
Posted January 17 2015 — 7:41 AM EST
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The Bank of England said its Secured Commercial Paper Facility, which was launched three months ago to offer companies short-term funding, has not been tapped despite concerns about a continuing credit crunch. The program buys commercial paper backed by a company's assets, routing the funds to the business. "There were no programmes that were immediately eligible for the SCP facility and consequently no purchases have been made so far," the central bank said.
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text:
The Yangtze basin is comparatively well irrigated; the average yearly rainfall amounts to about 43 inches (1,100 mm). Most of the precipitation is brought by the monsoon winds and falls primarily as rain in the summer months. In the mountainous part of the basin the precipitation is mainly snow. Floods, which result from the monsoon rains in the middle and lower parts of the basin, usually begin in March or April and can occur at any time during the next eight months. In May the water level decreases somewhat but then sharply increases again, continuing to rise until August, ... (100 of 5,234 words)Hydrology
Yangtze River
River, China
Alternate titles:
Ch'ang Chiang; Chang Jiang; Da Jiang


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Free vinyl preservative for longest durability. It works great against the effects of air pollution salt air, and mildew growth. For best protection, perform this maintenance every season or as often as desired.
Assembled Depth (in.) |
33 in |
Assembled Height (in.) |
27 in |
Assembled Width (in.) |
32 in |
Seat Height (in.) |
17 |
Assembly Required |
No |
Care Instructions |
Please apply supplied protective product regularly |
Collection Name |
Bellagio |
Cushion Color Family |
Orange |
Cushion Color or Pattern |
Orange |
Fill Material |
Foam |
Frame Material |
Aluminum |
Frame Primary Finish |
Brown |
Includes |
Cushions,Ottoman,Sectional |
Outdoor Living Product Type |
Patio Furniture Seating Set |
Patio Furniture Features |
Arms,Weather Resistant |
Returnable |
90-Day |
Seating Capacity |
5 |
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1 yr manufacturer limited |
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by Kate Duryea
Sanctuary Cove International Boat Show.
The 23rd Show, staged at Sanctuary Cove in Queensland, Australia, will host a series of events and activities to celebrate Women on Water.
This includes seminars, fashion parades, skipper training aimed at women by a female skipper and female-focused lunches with entertainment and giveaways. Show dates are Thursday, May 19 to Sunday, May 22 from 9am to 5pm daily.
Sanctuary Cove General Manager Events and Marketing, Sue Thomson, says research shows women are an increasingly important marketing sector for consumer spending and wealth.
'The Boston Consulting Group has found women control $US20 trillion in consumer spending around the world and the figure is growing annually. The study found women take care of household finances in many instances,' she said. Other research indicates disposable incomes are highest among women aged 45 to 54 years in the US and in the next decade, US women will control two-thirds of the consumer wealth in that country.
'Our Women on Water program recognises the role of women in decision making – whether it be expenditure on a new boat or the trend of women to set up their own businesses.
'Each year we try to keep the Show relevant to both the marine industry and those interested to be involved with boating. This initiative reflects changing market trends,' she said. Most events within the Women on Water program are free, included within the Boat Show ticket price. Some lunch events require bookings and payments.
As part of the Women on Water program, the Queensland Marine Training Services will provide two skipper training sessions each day at 11am and 2pm aimed at women aboard a 42ft Steber vessel. As numbers are limited, bookings are essential via Sanctuary Cove on (07) 55 77 6011 (+61 7 55 77 6011).
In other news, details of the Marine Queensland fishing and boating seminars have been released.
The fishing program offers a range of topics by industry professionals including 'Big Tailor from Surf Beaches'; 'Gold Coast Spotties and Spaniards'; 'Wild Caught Barra – Kakadu to the Pilbara'; 'Kayak Fishing in the Upper Estuaries Regions' and 'Planning that Round Australia Fishing Trip.'
Boating seminars include 'Boat Security' and 'Boat Handling Tips' and topics on current issues impacting the Australian marine industry with 'Bio Regional Planning – Marine Closures and Exclusion Zones' and an 11am daily session on 'Grey Imports – The Pitfalls of Importing Your Own'. All boating and fishing seminars are free, included as part of visitor Boat Show entry tickets.
The Show currently has 320 exhibitors with 46 world and Australian marine product and service launches confirmed with many more to come.
Riviera will launch two new models into the world market at Sanctuary Cove – the 53 Flybridge and 61 Series II Flybridge while E Marine is displaying the Back Cove 30 motor yacht in an Australasian boat show launch
The Hydra-Sports 3000CC will be launched in the southern hemisphere at the Show. Exhibitor ipmarine is showcasing two models of new Linssen vessels for the first time in Australia.
Mercury's new 350 Amanzi is likely to draw interest as will new releases by exhibitor RIB Force Inflatables in the AB Inflatable range.
New sail boats at the Show include the Salina 48 Evolution and the revamped Orana 44 sailing catamaran displayed by exhibitor Multihull Solutions. Team Windcraft showcases the Hanse 355 in an Australian release along with the Hanse 445 and Moody 41 Classic.
There's a huge range of new accessories with DeckHardware's introduction of the Unimer Marine collection of mooring compensators and GME's G-Series with a chartplotter G.Plot, fishfinder G.Fish and combination unit G.Combo unveiled in the Australian market.
Exhibitor JN Taylor and Company Ltd is showcasing Furuno's BBDS1 Bottom Discrimination Sounder; the Maxsea Timezero Professional Fishing software Maxsea PLOT; and Maretron's latest technology for engine and vessel monitoring, the DSM800.
As with each year, there is a daily schedule of events with live radio broadcasts, cooking demonstrations by Club Marine chef Bart Beek, roving musicians all included in the Boat Show entry ticket price. Online ticket prices are $A22 one day adult; $A19 one day concession; $A40 two-day adult and $A75 four-day adult. Children 14 years and under have free entry.
VIP packages are now available including luxury accommodation and helicopter transfers. View details and book directly through Cove Travel on www.sanctuarycoveboatshow.com.au
President Monte Carlo Yachts S.p.A Carla Demaria is guest speaker at the Australian Marine Industry breakfast staged at the Show on Friday, May 20. This is a ticketed event and bookings are open.
Club Marine is a sponsor. Media partners include BoatPoint.com.au, Channel 7, 4KQ, Trade a Boat and 92.5 Gold FM. Maritime Safety Queensland is a government supporter. Barz Optics is providing quality sunglasses for Sanctuary Cove International Boat Show management and team.
Sanctuary Cove International Boat Show is a member of the International Federation of Boat Show Organisers (IFBSO), the Australian International Marine Export Group (AIMEX) and Marine Queensland.
More at www.sanctuarycoveboatshow.com.au


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Lower bunker prices are a temporary windfall that won't last, according to predictions from Boston Consulting Group.
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Data from the software provider Freightos shows average vessel arrival in December was 5.2 days late at West Coast ports, compared to 1.7 days in September.
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Tampa, Mobile and Houston joined forces to lure container lines.
The Shanghai Shipping Exchange shows spot rates to Europe at low of $399 per TEU.


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Tailored leaky plasmon waves from a subwavelength aperture for optical particle trapping on a chip |
JOSA B, Vol. 28, Issue 4, pp. 602-607 (2011)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (716 KB)
Optical forces available on a chip that possess features of strong trapping at the subwavelength scale, in a coplanar geometry, and at specific and selective locations portend many useful applications. We demonstrate here a two-pronged approach to accomplish this. First, the plasmon fields emanating from a subwavelength aperture are manipulated so that they leak maximally to the sides on a surface through the use of tailored corrugations. Second, the location of secondary corrugation at some distance permits reflection of these leaky waves, which, with the coherence property of light used, generate optical standing wave fields capable of strong optical trapping. The linear optical forces generated with this scheme are presented here.
© 2011 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(020.7010) Atomic and molecular physics : Laser trapping
(240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
(240.3990) Optics at surfaces : Micro-optical devices
ToC Category:
Atomic and Molecular Physics
Original Manuscript: September 21, 2010
Revised Manuscript: January 4, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: January 12, 2011
Published: March 2, 2011
Virtual Issues
Vol. 6, Iss. 5 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
M. S. Muradoglu, Tuck Wah Ng, Adrian Neild, and Ian Gralinski, "Tailored leaky plasmon waves from a subwavelength aperture for optical particle trapping on a chip," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 602-607 (2011)
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- W. L. Barnes, W. A. Murray, J. Dintinger, E. Devaux, and T. W. Ebbesen, "Surface plasmon polaritons and their role in the enhanced transmission of light through periodic arrays of subwavelength holes in a metal film," Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 107401 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Gao, J. M. McMahon, M. H. Lee, J. Henzie, S. K. Gray, G. C. Schatz, T. W. Odom, "Rayleigh anomaly-surface plasmon polariton resonances in palladium and gold subwavelength hole arrays," Opt. Express 17, 2334-2340 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Gravel and Y. Sheng, "Rigorous solution for the transient surface plasmon polariton launched by subwavelength slit scattering," Opt. Express 16, 21903-21913 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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The Body of Telegraphists ("Cuerpo de Telegrafos", in Spanish) was established in Spain in 1856 in order to operate the electric telegraph service and later to develop a national-wide telegraph network. The origins of this professional body and the way it was formed with people from the optical telegraphy field of activity will be described. It will also be explained how these people were educated in techniques and methods related to electrical telegraphy. In addition, it will be described how the creation of the Body of Telegraphists caused a conflict with the Body of Civil Engineers, which was the responsible for the development of the optical telegraph network.


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URI alumnus collects 9,000 used textbooks to send to war-ravaged Liberia, launches online campaign to raise money for shipping costs
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Elizabeth Rau
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Textbooks so rare in the African country dozens of students forced to share one book
KINGSTON, R.I. – Jan. 14, 2014 – Textbooks. In America, land of plenty, they double as doorstops when they've served their purpose. But in Liberia textbooks are so hard to come by they are treated like precious family heirlooms.
A bloody civil war emptied books from Liberia's classrooms. Now Emmanuel Logan wants to fill them up again. The Liberian-born University of Rhode Island alumnus has collected 9,000 used textbooks and is raising money online to ship them to Liberia.
"Hundreds of people came forward with books, and we're very grateful,'' said Emmanuel, who lives in Providence with his wife, Zaye, and their children. "Now we just need to raise enough money to get the books to students in Liberia. We would appreciate any generosity.''
His book campaign was born out of sadness and hope. Born in Liberia 33 years ago, Logan was a happy boy living on a farm with his parents and siblings when civil war broke out in 1989, tearing the country apart.
Logan's family was not spared. His mother, Sarah Logan, was kidnapped by rebels for speaking out against guerilla leader Charles Taylor and thrown into prison. She was raped and murdered. To this day, Logan doesn't know where, or even if, she was buried.
Fearing for his life, Logan fled to the Ivory Coast and then to Ghana, where he lived in hiding. From there, he moved to South Providence to stay with relatives. He had no time for self-pity. He found a job as an aide at a Massachusetts group home for adults with learning challenges, making his way up to his current job as assistant program manager.
But a job wasn't enough; he wanted an education too. He enrolled at URI's Alan Shawn Feinstein College of Continuing Education in Providence, earning his bachelor's degree in 2013, a huge accomplishment considering he works every day.
His homeland has never been far from his mind. He and his wife started IDEA, a nonprofit that is trying to rescue an educational system ravaged by decades of civil war, now over. Consider this: All 25,000 students applying to the University of Liberia last fall flunked the entrance exam, says Logan.
The outpouring of support for his nonprofit, he says, has been incredible. Friends, fellow students, co-workers and people who read about his organization in the local papers donated the books, which he picked up on his own and transported in the trunk of his car.
Last fall, Logan traveled to Liberia to bury his father, who died of a heart attack. It was his first visit home since he left in 2007. The trip was bittersweet. He met with Liberian education officials, delivering 3,500 of the 9,000 books to Grand Bassa Community College.
"They were very happy to get the donation,'' said Logan. "They appreciated that I'd think of my country, even though I'm living thousands of miles away. I promised I would do more, if I could.''
Logan also returned to his family farm, now desolate. He buried his father on the family plot. "My mother didn't have a decent burial, so I wanted to give my father one. We were all crying.''
For a year, Logan stored books he collected at his apartment, but this winter he ran out of space and moved them to a storage unit, where they sit. He estimates that it will cost $2,500, maybe more, to ship the boxes to Liberia. To raise money, he is selling IDEA T-shirts on
Logan is also collecting school supplies, such as binders, spiral notebooks and pencils, as well as clothes and shoes for the hundreds of orphanages created after the war.
"Our main goal is to rebuild the libraries in Liberia,'' said Logan. "What could be more important than knowledge? The best thing we can do for young people in Liberia is to educate them. Education opens any door.''
To make a donation, please contact Logan at
"I'm grateful for the opportunities this country has given me and my family,'' Logan said. "I think it's important to remember that many people around the world are struggling. We need to help them. They can't be forgotten.''
Pictured above, kneeling in striped shirt: Emmanuel Logan, 33, of Providence, a University of Rhode Island alumnus who collected 9,000 used textbooks to send to his homeland in Liberia. He is raising money online to pay shipping costs.


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Date: 5 years ago
Runtime: 1:15
Views: 79,260
All Comments
Why do straight guys have the hottest, fattest, bubble butts (like the first guy)? Damn....what a waste, so many hopelessly flat, bony bottoms that could twerk that thing like the treasure it is, lol.
what an adorable butt, someone should punish them for being so naughty.
Hot. I love when guys like that fool around. Locker room fantasies coming true...


text:
philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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iReport Film Festival: Campaign 2008! |
The 13th Amendment
This documentary short follows a 90 year old great-great grandmother on her trek to vote for Barack Obama in the 2008 Pennsylvania Primary. Having voted all her life, this is the first time she's had the opportunity to vote for a Black man for the office of President of the United States.
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Iraq, Lebanon voted against sanctions on Syria; Syrian economy already reeling from 8 months of unrest; Jordan says economic pain is price for pressure on Assad
November 28, 2011 4:54 by Reuters
Arab states have landed a hefty blow on Syria's crisis-hit economy by stopping deals with its central bank and halting investment, but unease among Syria's neighbours about the impact of sanctions on their own economies may weaken the impact.
At their meeting in Cairo on Sunday, Arab League foreign ministers also agreed to freeze assets related to President Bashar al-Assad's government and impose a travel ban on top Syrian officials in response to Assad's crackdown on eight months of protests.
Syria's economy is already expected to contract up to 6 percent this year. The unrest has halted tourism — a major source of foreign revenue — hit foreign investment and trade and started eating into the country's foreign reserves.
European Union sanctions on Syrian crude oil, announced in September, have all but wiped out exports worth up to $400 million a month, at least until Syria finds other customers for its oil.
Sunday's announcement by the Arab League fell short of a full trade embargo on Syria, and ministers have made clear they sought to avoid measures which would hurt ordinary Syrians.
"But boycotting the Central Bank of Syria, which used to offer credit notes (for trade), would make imports and exports very difficult for Syrian traders," said Chris Phillips of the Economic Intelligence Unit.
However he added it was difficult to see Lebanon or Iraq implementing sanctions.
Lebanon, which has close political and business ties with Syria, voted against them, as did Iraq. Baghdad had said before the meeting that it would not impose sanctions.
"Iraq has reservations about this decision. For us, this decision … will harm the interests of our country and our people as we have a large community in Syria," Iraqi Deputy Foreign Minister Labeed Abbawi said.
Lebanon has sent mixed messages about whether it would participate in sanctions. Foreign Minister Adnan Mansour said last week Beirut would not take steps against Syria, but Prime Minister Najib Mikati said on Thursday his government would implement Arab League decisions, whatever its misgivings.
Bankers in Jordan and Lebanon said it would take time to assess the impact of Sunday's decision, as details were sketchy and states might implement the measures differently.
"The picture is not clear but it could really make doing business with Syria very difficult," said one Jordanian banker.
A leading Lebanese banker declined to comment on Sunday until he had discussed the implications with other banks.
Several Lebanese banks have units in Syria, set up in recent years after Assad lifted restrictions on private banking operations. Most of the larger Syrian private banks have already been hit by sharp falls in customer deposits.
In a sign of the tumbling regional confidence over Syria, a Saudi bank said on Saturday it planned to sell its stakes in two Syrian and Lebanese banks because financial risks no longer allowed it to continue as a partner there.
Banque Saudi Fransi said it will sell its 27 percent stake in Bemo Saudi Fransi Syria and its 10 percent share in Bemo Lebanon.
While the bank said its decision was a financial one, Gulf states have taken the lead in acting against Assad, in contrast to some of Syria's Arab neighbours.
Phillips said 25 percent of Syria's exports go to Iraq, while RBS economist Raza Agha said 30 percent of Lebanon's exports head for Syria — the only country with which Lebanon has an open land border — illustrating how intertwined their economic fates are.
"Lebanon is very hostile to closing down that avenue (to Syria)," Phillips said. "Iraq certainly benefits from the relationship and they aren't keen to implement anything."
A banker in Jordan whose bank also operates in Syria also suggested some…(CONTINUED TO NEXT PAGE)
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Egypt's political mess holds back aid, economic growth
November 28 2011
7 alternative items to show national pride
November 28 2011


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Hartz Small Hedgehog Dog Toy
Bring the outdoors inside. These realistic and lovable hedgehog plush toys come in 2 sizes and include interactive squeakers. Sure to bring out the hunter in your dog.Features include: - Perfect for the dog who likes to chase - Soft and comforting- Loads of fun
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Ohhhh, hey now... Cover of Mothering. |
Mom to two perfect kids surrogate to two sweetpotatos born 4.21.11
I love someone with ataxia telangiectasia http://www.atcp.org
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I would never let my kids wear our baby - he weighs 26 pounds and I think my kids would topple over. LOL. My 4yo only weighs 38 pounds, so the baby is a lot for him.
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That's just so cool!!!
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What can I make for lunch tomorrow?
Started by
, Jan 17 2013 07:12 AM
14 replies to this topic
#1Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:12 AM
I have 2 friends coming for lunch tomorrow and do t have much time to think about what to give them to eat. It's only a casual thing, last time we had quiche, time before was a salad so nothing major. Does anyone gave any nice ideas for something and it would be good to make it in advance. Thanks #2Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:25 AM
I had lunch with my niece yesterday and she made toasted wraps that were delish. She filled (actually not too much filling) 1/2 a round wrap with bbq chicken, capsicum, tomato, red onion, grated cheese and baby spinach, flipped the unfilled side over and toasted on both sides. On another wrap she mixed ricotta and baby spinach leaves and grated cheese. She cut the wraps in 1/2 once toasted for ease of eating.
#3Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:33 AM QUOTE (sueiain @ 17/01/2013, 08:25 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> I had lunch with my niece yesterday and she made toasted wraps that were delish. She filled (actually not too much filling) 1/2 a round wrap with bbq chicken, capsicum, tomato, red onion, grated cheese and baby spinach, flipped the unfilled side over and toasted on both sides. On another wrap she mixed ricotta and baby spinach leaves and grated cheese. She cut the wraps in 1/2 once toasted for ease of eating. Yum, quesadillas. I'm having these for lunch today. One of my favourites is shredded chicken, avocado, corn, capsicum, red onion and cheese, with a dollop of sour cream to serve. A green salad would make it a slightly more substantial meal if you're having guests. #4Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:36 AM QUOTE (cardamom @ 17/01/2013, 08:33 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> Yum, quesadillas. I'm having these for lunch today. One of my favourites is shredded chicken, avocado, corn, capsicum, red onion and cheese, with a dollop of sour cream to serve. A green salad would make it a slightly more substantial meal if you're having guests. Yum... if I left the onion off. #5Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:43 AM QUOTE (fifi-trixibelle @ 17/01/2013, 08:36 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> Yum... if I left the onion off. Don't worry, it's not compulsory I'm not a huge onion fan either, I only put a tiny bit in. And I make them in the sandwich press because I'm lazy like that. #6Posted 17 January 2013 - 07:47 AM
Rice paper rolls. YUM!
#7Posted 17 January 2013 - 08:16 AM QUOTE (sueiain @ 17/01/2013, 08:25 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> I had lunch with my niece yesterday and she made toasted wraps that were delish. She filled (actually not too much filling) 1/2 a round wrap with bbq chicken, capsicum, tomato, red onion, grated cheese and baby spinach, flipped the unfilled side over and toasted on both sides. On another wrap she mixed ricotta and baby spinach leaves and grated cheese. She cut the wraps in 1/2 once toasted for ease of eating. Yum. That's what I want for lunch now #8Posted 17 January 2013 - 08:29 AM
Another nice wrap filling is beans and veg - I cube 2 carrots, 2 celery sticks and one onion, and put it all in pot with a tin of beans (drained), a tin of chopped tomatoes, 2 tbsp tomato paste and 1 tbsp each of cumin and sweet paprika. Simmer for 20-30 minutes till everything is soft, then shovein the fridge till you want to serve it, with taco shells or flatbread and maybe a green salad.
#9Posted 17 January 2013 - 12:09 PM
How about just some cold cuts and olives etc, like an antipasti platter with some fresh bread? In Sydney its due to be over 40degs so I wouldn't be wanting to cook etc. Add a roast chook into the meal if you want to bulk it out, but we always find that with a few greens, it works well for lunch
#10Posted 17 January 2013 - 12:14 PM
I have just combined two identical threads so the posts may be in a different order than they were in each separate thread
#11Posted 17 January 2013 - 12:14 PM
I just made a spinach & fetta pie - added bacon to keep DH happy :-) - easy & Quick, one of Jamie O's 30 min receipes, google for it :-)
#12Posted 17 January 2013 - 12:34 PM
caeser salad with bbq chicken, bacon, boiled egg etc
so easy to make #13Posted 17 January 2013 - 12:41 PM
Maybe a roasted veg and cous cous or quinoa salad, with shredded chicken through it. If you are organised you can make a batch of veg tonight for dinner along with a roast chook, then you have the left overs for tomorrow's lunch.
#14Posted 17 January 2013 - 01:08 PM
Oh yum I love all of these ideas!
Thanks Oh yum I love all of these ideas! Thanks #15Posted 18 January 2013 - 07:41 AM
DH's new favourite lunch is grilled open sandwiches. He has roast beef, dijon mustard, tomato slices, sliced buffalo mozzarella all done on Brushetta bread in the griller.
They are very tasty, easy and heaps of different toppings. 1 user(s) are reading this topic0 members, 1 guests, 0 anonymous users |
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The company — which last year bought U.S. giant Smithfield Foods in a landmark multi-billion-dollar deal — will sell 3.66 billion shares at an indicative price range of HK$8.00-HK$11.25 each.
If the Henan-based firm, formerly known as Shuanghui International Holdings, sells its shares at the top end of the range, it would raise US$5.3 billion. That would make it the largest IPO globally since Brazil's BB Seguridade Participacoes SA raised US$5.7 billion in April last year.
It would also be Hong Kong's biggest since U.S. insurer AIA raised US$20.5 billion in 2010. WH Group's shares are expected to list on April 30, according to Dow Jones Newswires.
WH Group is the world's largest pork company and is involved in the production, slaughter and distribution of the meat, a key ingredient in Chinese cuisine. It is also a shareholder of Spanish meat firm Campofrio Food, according to its website.
If demand is strong, the firm — whose shareholders include Goldman Sachs and Singapore's state investment firm Temasek — also has an option to sell a further 20 percent more shares, which could boost the sale to US$6.37 billion.
"It's one of the largest (deals) in the world, it deserves some attention," Tanrich Securities vice president Jackson Wong told AFP, adding that there was high demand when two other smaller pork producers listed in Hong Kong.
In May WH Group, under the Shuanghui name, agreed to buy Smithfield Foods in a deal valuing Smithfield at US$7.1 billion, making it the largest ever Chinese acquisition of a U.S. company.
The IPO will be welcomed by Hong Kong's exchange after Alibaba, the world's largest online retailer, opted in March to list in New York instead following a disagreement over the type of stock it could issue.
Talks between the Internet giant and Hong Kong's bourse broke down last year, in part because listing rules prevented Alibaba founder Jack Ma and senior management retaining some control over the board of directors.


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Jun 28, 2009, 12:48 AM | #1 |
iPhone stuck in recovery mode & won't restore in iTunes
Desperately need help!
I have a hacked 1st generation iPhone. I've successfully hacked for two separate software upgrades in the past. Unfortunately for this current 3.0 update I'm not as lucky. Here's what happened: 2 weeks ago my iPhone was acting up... applications would quit on me and then finally the phone went into recovery mode, requesting I connect to iTunes. I was able to find sites that provided steps allowing me to upgrade to 3.0 and rehack my phone.... so I attempted it. I attempted to restore and update in iTunes... but different errors kept popping up bringing my iPhone back to recovery mode. Finally after the 4th or 5th attempt I was successful. My phone was unlocked and jailbroken... I resumed and followed through to sync my iPhone with iTunes. In the middle of the sync... another error comes up and puts my iPhone back into recovery mode. Since that last attempt... I can only turn off my iPhone with a hard reset (holding home & sleep/wake button). And when I turn it back on it flashes back-and-forth slowly from the apple logo to the recovery mode screen. iTunes recognizes the device in recovery mode... but when I try to restore it I keep on getting "error 28". I can't seem to find out ANYWHERE what "error 28" means. I've even attempted uninstalling and reinstalling iTunes. I'm worried my iPhone is completely dead. Can someone please help me?!!! Trust me, I hate that I have to hack the iPhone... but I'm happy with my T-mobile plan and can't afford AT&T's overpriced plans! I'm a Mac user and I LOVE my iPhone and I'm going crazy without it!!! I'm on a MacBook Pro OSX 10.4.11 Running the latest iTunes 8.2 I've tried both Pwnage 3.0 and Redsnow 0.7.2 I'd appreciate any constructive feedback... THANK YOU =D Last edited by rmd717; Jun 28, 2009 at 12:59 AM. Reason: content change |
0 |
Jun 28, 2009, 04:14 AM | #2 |
1. Get your phone into DFU mode and reload the 3.0 firmware cleanly through iTunes
This clip shows you how to get into DFU: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ofpinyGlQ8I, you will not see the recovery mode screen when you are in DFU. 2. Put the phone back into DFU and run RedSn0w including the unlock 3. Restore from your backup if you need to |
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Jun 28, 2009, 03:17 PM | #3 |
Hi Moi!
Thanks for the assistance!... but I've tried many times to restore my iPhone in DFU mode and I still get the "error 28".
I get the error message during restore whether I'm in DFU mode or not... that's what's soooooo frustrating! And I know I'm putting it into DFU mode correctly because I've hacked my phone twice before after updating to past firmwares. A friend told me I need to figure out how to "fully" restore my iPhone into disk recovery mode. But when I google "restore my iPhone into disk recovery mode"... I get the same instructions about putting my iPhone into DFU mode and connecting to iTunes. |
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Jun 28, 2009, 06:20 PM | #4 |
Just a thought that it may be your version of OS X that is the problem, are you able to try it on an up to date version? Or on a Windows machine?
0 |
Jun 29, 2009, 11:15 AM | #5 |
I wish it was my computer... I even tried restoring on my boyfriend's PC and I got the same "error 28" on his iTunes.
0 |
Oct 9, 2009, 09:56 AM | #6 |
I am having the same problem, is always giving the error 28 when I want to restore
0 |
Jan 25, 2010, 11:58 AM | #7 |
For those(like me) who have the Error 28, the problem is a bad dock connector on the iPhone.
You Must replace it. Nicolai |
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Jan 28, 2010, 06:32 PM | #8 |
did you replace it because my dock connector is broken but i still got the error 28 message and if it fixed yours maybe it will fix mine
0 |
Jan 29, 2010, 09:06 AM | #9 |
I sent it to the repair shop(not Apple), I noticed when is repair Nicolai Last edited by nicolairachenco; Jan 29, 2010 at 09:12 AM. |
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Jan 29, 2010, 09:24 AM | #10 |
0 |
Jan 29, 2010, 09:59 AM | #11 |
Very careful! is a tricky job!
Nicolai |
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Jan 29, 2010, 10:36 AM | #12 |
0 |
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Theatre tip: The Good Father
March 4th, 2015 | by Anto
I'm a big fan of the axis Theatre in Ballymun. They're a fantastic asset to the community in the area
March 4th, 2015 | by Anto
I'm a big fan of the axis Theatre in Ballymun. They're a fantastic asset to the community in the area
January 17th, 2015 | by Anto
THEATREclub present the fourth edition of their festival of new work from new artists from 21-24th January in Project Arts
December 23rd, 2014 | by Anto
Do you have an original short film script or could use the time over Christmas to start one? Well Jameson
November 3rd, 2014 | by Anto
As long time readers will know, a few of us are in 'Songs in the Key of D' choir. Established
June 11th, 2014 | by Anto
Granted, this isn't your standard Culch post but there's one of us involved and it's the first ever Dublin Garden
April 12th, 2014 | by Anto
We do like great Irish music around Culch towers and The Riptide Movement's latest album, 'Getting Through', is just that.
January 16th, 2014 | by Anto
Culch.ie heads singing in a choir? Yep and not just any choir, it's Songs in the Key of D. Following
December 10th, 2013 | by Anto
I'd wandered out of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey last Christmas being slightly disappointed. I'd struggled to articulate why to


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