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History of Western Australia
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The human history of Western Australia commenced between 40,000 and 60,000 years ago with the arrival of Indigenous Australians on the northwest coast. The first inhabitants expanded the range of their settlement to the east and south of the continent. The first recorded European contact was in 1616, when Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog landed on the west coast. Although many expeditions visited the coast during the next 200 years, there was no lasting attempt at establishment of a permanent settlement. Most of the explorers of this period concluded that the apparent lack of water and fertile soil made the region unsuitable for colonisation.
In 1826, the first British military outpost was established at King George Sound. This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, with townsites at Fremantle and Perth, which later became the state's capital. The harsh conditions faced by the settlers resulted in population growth being minimal until the discovery of gold in the 1880s. Since the gold rush, the population of the state has risen steadily, with substantial growth in the period since World War II.
Western Australia gained the right of self-government in 1890, and joined with the five other states to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The desire of Western Australians to revert to complete self-governance, separate from the Commonwealth, culminated in 1933 with a successful referendum for secession supported by 68% of electors. In 1935 the British parliament declined to act since secession would require the assent of the Australian parliament, and the movement lapsed with an improving economy and generous federal grants.[1][2]
Aboriginal settlement[edit]
When Australia's first inhabitants arrived on the northwest coast 40,000 to 60,000 years ago the sea levels were much lower. The Kimberley coast at one time was only about 90 km from Timor, which itself was the last in a line of closely spaced islands for humans to travel across.[3] Therefore this was a possible (even probable) location for which Australia's first immigrants could arrive via some primitive boat. Other possible immigration routes were via islands further north and then through New Guinea.
Over the next tens of thousands of years these Indigenous Australians slowly moved southward and eastward across the landmass. The Aborigines were well established throughout Western Australia by the time European ships started accidentally arriving en route to Batavia (now Jakarta) in the early 17th century.
Early visits by Europeans[edit]
The first European to sight Western Australia was the Dutch explorer, Dirk Hartog, who on 26 October 1616 landed at what is now known as Cape Inscription, Dirk Hartog Island. Before departing, Hartog left behind a pewter plate affixed to a post. The plate was subsequently discovered, replaced and repatriated to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
The first English vessel to visit was the Tryall, an East India Company-owned East Indiaman under the command of John Brooke who in 1622 sighted Point Cloates before later on 25 May wrecking on Tryal Rocks, off the northwest coast of Australia. The crew remained on the Monte Bello Islands for 7 days, during that time sighting Barrow Island, before sailing to Batavia in a longboat. The Tryall is Australia's oldest known shipwreck.[4]
A later English visitor was William Dampier, who in 1699 sailed down the western coast of Australia. He noted the lack of water and in his description of Shark Bay in his account "A Voyage to New Holland", he expresses his frustration:
- "as the 7th of August when we came into Shark's Bay; in which we Anchored at three several Places, and stay'd at the first of them (on the W. side of the Bay) till the 11th. During which time we searched about, as I said, for fresh Water, digging Wells, but to no purpose".
A number of sections of the Western Australian coastline were given names which did not last past the exploratory era in names of features – such as Eendrachtsland. However some names, such as 't Landt van de Leeuwin (Leeuwin's Land), materialised at a later date as Cape Leeuwin.
Timeline of European discovery and exploration[edit]
Below is a timeline of significant events from the 1616 landfall of Dirk Hartog until the eventual settlement of the Swan River Colony in 1829:
- 1616 – Dirk Hartog in the Eendracht arrived at Cape Inscription and left a pewter plate. Coastal region in the vicinity is shown on Hartog's maps as Eendrachtsland. Believed to be first landfall on Western Australian soil by Europeans. (An earlier 1606 encounter on the northern coast of Australia near Papua New Guinea by Willem Janszoon on the Duyfken is credited as being the first Australian visit by European explorers.)
- 1618 – Dutch East India Company supercargo Willem Janszoon on Mauritius landed on North West Cape – although sighting footprints, they did not meet the natives.
- 1618 – The Zeewulf made landfall north of Eendrachtsland.
- 1619 – Frederick de Houtman in two ships bound for Batavia encountered dangerous shoals which were subsequently named Houtman Abrolhos. Following successful navigation of the Abrolhos, Houtman made landfall in the region Hartog had encountered.
- 1622 – Leeuwin landed south of Abrolhos.
- 1622 – English ship Tryall was wrecked on Tryal Rocks off the northwest coast; survivors spent a week on Monte Bello Islands before sailing to Batavia in a longboat.
- 1626 to 1627 – Gulden Zeepaert skippered by François Thijssen sailed along south coast towards Great Australian Bight.
- 1629 – Batavia struck a reef of the Abrolhos. Skipper Francisco Pelsaert sailed the ship's small boat to Batavia for rescue. After returning 3 months later found evidence of mutiny and many previous survivors murdered.
- 1656 – The Vergulde Draeck (Gilt Dragon) en route to Batavia was shipwrecked only 107 km north of the Swan River near Ledge Point
- 1658 – Three Dutch ships visited south coast searching for the Vergulde Draeck: Waekende Boey under Captain S. Volckertszoon, the Elburg under Captain J. Peereboom and the Emeloort under Captain A. Joncke.
- 1681 – English navigator John Daniel on the New London charted part of the west coast of Australia, including Rottnest Island and the Wallabi Group of Houtman Abrolhos.
- 1688 and 1699 – William Dampier in the Cygnet explored the northwest coastline and sailed down the coast.
- 1697 – Willem de Vlamingh found Hartog's plate and replaced it with his own. He also explored the Swan River area.
- 1712 – The Zuytdorp with 286 on board was shipwrecked near Kalbarri. The Dutch did not send a search party probably because no survivors were able to report the disaster. The crew were never heard from again, though it is probable that many initially survived because a campsite was found near the wreck.
- 1744 – John Peter Purry proposed an English settlement of Leeuwin and Edels Lands.
- 1772 – On 30 March, Frenchman Louis Aleno de St Aloüarn landed at Turtle Bay at the northern end of Dirk Hartog Island and claimed the island for France. [1]
- 1786 – King Gustav III of Sweden makes a contract with William Bolts to establish a colony at the Swan River.
- 1791 – George Vancouver made formal claim at Possession Point, King George Sound, Albany.
- 1792 – Frenchman Bruni d'Entrecasteaux in charge of the Recherche and L'Esperance reached Cape Leeuwin on 5 December and explored eastward along the southern coast.
- 1801 – The French ships Geographe and Naturaliste under Nicolas Baudin and Emmanuel Hamelin, explored much of the coast north from Cape Leeuwin, including the Swan River. They discovered de Vlamingh's plate.
- 1801 – Matthew Flinders sighted Cape Leeuwin en route to charting of southern Australian coastline.
- 1803 – Matthew Flinders completed the first circumnavigation of Australia
- 1803 – The Geographe and another French ship Casuarina followed much of the same coastline again on the way back to France.
- 1818 – Louis de Freycinet found de Vlamingh's plate and removed it to France.
- 1826 – On 26 October, Frenchman Dumont d'Urville in the Astrolabe visited King George Sound before sailing along the south coast to Port Jackson.
- 1826 – On 26 December, a military garrison was established on behalf of New South Wales at King George Sound with the arrival of Major Edmund Lockyer on the Amity.
- 1827 – On 21 January, Major Lockyer formally annexed the western portion of Australia in a ceremony at King George Sound.[5] James Stirling explored the Swan River area.
- 1829 – Captain Charles Fremantle again took possession of the western side of New Holland for the British crown on 2 May.
British Colony[edit]
Swan River Colony (1829-1832)
Colony of Western Australia (1832-1901) |
British Crown Colony | |||||
Government | Self-governing colony | ||||
Monarch | |||||
- | 1829-1830 | George IVfirst | |||
- | 1837-1901 | Victoria last | |||
Governor | |||||
- | 1829-1832 | James Stirling first | |||
- | 1895-1900 | Gerard Smith last | |||
History | |||||
- | Established | 1829 | |||
- | Federation of Australia | 1901 |
The first formal claim of possession for Great Britain was made on 29 September 1791 by Commander (later Captain) George Vancouver RN, on a spot he named Possession Point, at the tip of the peninsula between the waters he also named Princess Royal Harbour and King George the Third's Sound at Albany ("the Third's" was later dropped from the name).
In the early 19th century the British became concerned about the possibility of a French colony being established on the west coast of Australia. In 1826 the Governor of New South Wales, Ralph Darling, ordered the establishment of a settlement at King George's Sound. An army detachment was sent from Sydney headed by Major Edmund Lockyer with eighteen soldiers, one captain, one doctor, one storekeeper and twenty-three convicts.[5]
On 21 January 1827 the whole of Australia was finally claimed as British territory when Major Lockyer formally annexed the western portion of the continent in a ceremony on King George Sound.[5]
In March 1831 the penal settlement was withdrawn, and the control of King George Sound was transferred from New South Wales to the Swan River Colony.[5] Captain James Stirling decreed that the settlement would be named "Albany" from 1832.
Swan River Colony[edit]
The Swan River Colony was the name given to the British colony established on the Swan River by James Stirling in 1829. The colonists first sighted land on 1 June, the official Proclamation was made on 18 June, and the foundation of the colony took place on 12 August. The two separate townsites of the colony developed slowly into the port city of Fremantle and the Western Australian capital city of Perth.
Expansion beyond the Swan River[edit]
Much of the land around the Swan River Colony was unsuitable for agriculture and it was inevitable that the colony would have to expand beyond the Swan River area after the most fertile locations were quickly settled. Some highlights of the first couple of decades are below:
- 1829: A military outpost was founded at Bunbury.
- 1830: Area around Augusta settled.
- 1830: The first exploration over the Darling Range to search for suitable farming land occurred with the eventual settlement of Western Australia's first inland town of York in 1831. A successful sheep industry soon followed in the Avon valley.
- 1833: On 5 January, the first issue of the Perth Gazette was launched. This was the forerunner to The West Australian newspaper.
- 1833: Relations between the Europeans and Aborigines were not always amicable with many intercultural skirmishes. Yagan, a senior warrior of the local Aboriginal tribe near the Swan River was killed on 11 July of this year after a bounty was issued for his capture following the murder of a couple of settlers.
- 1834: Battle of Pinjarra (aka Pinjarra Massacre): This was the worst intercultural battle, happening on 28 October. Depending on the source, the death toll ranged from 10 to 150.
- 1836: settlement in the Toodyay region.[6]
- 1837: The colony's first brewery was established at the corner of Spring Street and Mounts Bay Road in Perth.
- 1841: Explorer Edward John Eyre arrives in Albany walking across the Nullarbor Plain from the eastern states. In the Vasse District at Wonnerup, settler George Layman Sr of Wonnerup House was speared to death by a Wardandi elder.[7]
- 1843: Census recorded the population of Western Australia as 3,842.[6]
- 1844: A 15-year-old John Gavin was the first European legally hanged in the colony.
- 1848-1850: After 19 years of settlement, growth was very slow. The population of the area around Perth was still only about 1,400. In 1850 the population of the state as a whole had only increased to 5,886. This population had settled mainly around the southwestern coastline at Bunbury, Augusta and Albany.[citation needed]
- 1849: First discovery of gold occurred in the Jimperding-Toodyay area.[6]
- 1851: Augustus Gregory surveys the Greenough region near Geraldton and that area opens up to farming.
At its start in 1829, the Swan River Colony had its foundations as a "free settlement". However, the initial settlers had many difficulties which compelled them to seek help from the British, in an offer to accept convicts. Western Australia therefore became a penal colony in 1850. Between then and 1868, over 9,000 convicts were transported to Western Australia on 43 convict ship voyages.
Expansion during the mid-19th century[edit]
Sheep farming was the most successful early agricultural activity, and expanded into the Avon Valley during the 1830s.
Wool production, usually on large stations, was also the basis of expansion further east and northward.
The first permanent settlements in the North West (later divided into the Pilbara and Kimberley regions) took place in the mid-1860s, initially at the Harding River, De Grey River and Roebourne (gazetted in 1867). Pearling also came to dominate the North West, initially in Nickol Bay, with a fleet at Tien Tsin Harbor (later renamed Cossack). In the North West, unlike southern WA, the labour force was dominated by indigenous Australians, often under harsh forms of unfree labour.
During the 1870s, the Gascoyne River and Murchison River areas were settled by Europeans.
Notable explorers during the mid-19th century;
- George Grey explored the coasts of:
- the North West (1837)
- Gascoyne and Murchison (1839)
- Edward John Eyre was the first European to traverse the coastline of the Great Australian Bight and the Nullarbor Plain by land in 1840-41
- The brothers Augustus & Francis Thomas Gregory carried out extensive explorations along the continent's western coastline and hinterland in the 1840s and 1850s
- John Forrest led three expeditions from 1869 to 1874.
- 1869: a fruitless search for the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt, in the desert west of present-day Leonora.
- 1870: Forrest retraced Edward John Eyre's land route from Perth to Adelaide and;
- 1874: he led a party to the watershed of the Murchison, and then eastward into the Central Deserts.
- Peter Egerton Warburton who made a journey from Alice Springs to the Western Australian coast in 1872
- Ernest Giles twice traversed the Gibson Desert between 1872 and 1876
Gold discovered[edit]
Until the 1870s the economy of the state was based on wheat, meat and wool. A major change in the state's fortunes occurred in the 1880s when gold was discovered and prospectors by the tens of thousands swarmed across the land in a desperate attempt to discover new goldfields. Paddy Hannan's discovery at Kalgoorlie, and the early discoveries at Coolgardie, sparked true gold fever. In 1891 the rush to the Murchison goldfields began when Tom Cue discovered gold at the town which now bears his name. In the years that followed dozens of gold towns – Day Dawn, Nannine, Peak Hill, Garden Gully, Dead Finish, Pinnicles, Austin Island and Austin Mainland – flourished only to be abandoned when the seams were exhausted and the gold fever moved on.
Gold inspired a new wave of exploration, including David Carnegie who, in 1896, led an epic expedition that traveled through the deserts north of Coolgardie, through the Gibson and Great Sandy Deserts to Halls Creek in the Kimberley, before returning to Coolgardie.
The influx of miners from the eastern states and from overseas increased the presence of trade unions in Western Australia. The Trades and Labor Council, Perth was established in 1891 with Perth Trades Hall opened in 1912. The first edition of the Westralian Worker appeared on 7 September 1900 and was followed shortly afterwards by the opening of the Kalgoorlie Trades Hall, the first such hall in Western Australia. A Trades Hall was opened in Fremantle in 1904.
In the late 19th century there was talk of the gold-rich regions around Kalgoorlie leaving the colony of Western Australia and becoming a state called Auralia if Western Australia did not join the Commonwealth.
As Lieutenant Governor, Stirling had sole authority to draft laws and decide day-to-day affairs. In 1832 he appointed a Legislative Council of four government officials to assist him, and in 1839, four appointed colonists were added.
By 1859, all the other Australian colonies had their own parliaments and colonists in Western Australia began pushing for the right to govern themselves. The British Colonial Office opposed this because of the slow rate of growth and the presence by then of convicts. Petitions asking for some of the positions in the Legislative Council to be filled by popularly elected colonists were presented to London in 1865 and 1869. In 1870 this was granted, although the Governor could still veto the Council's decisions.
In 1887 a new constitution including the right of self-governance was drafted and sent to London by Governor Broome for approval. It was argued that due to the increasing wealth which was being generated by gold rushes, Western Australia deserved self-government. The Act granting self-government was passed by the House of Commons and assented to by Queen Victoria in 1890, giving complete autonomy in matters with the exception of Section 70 of the Act which established an Aboriginal Protection Board, under the control of the British Parliament, not the Western Australian one. Governor Broome had earlier warned the British Colonial Office that the Western Australians were not to be trusted in matters relating to Aboriginal persons. A further clause to the constitution stated that 5,000 pounds or one percent of state revenues, whichever was the greater, was to be allocated to Aboriginal persons for their welfare and advancement. Western Australians resented these clauses, and Western Australia has never honoured this clause to its own constitution. A previous Governor, Sir William Robinson, was re-appointed to supervise the change. He travelled by train from Albany to Perth and towns en route lit bonfires and people gathered at railway sidings to celebrate his arrival and the new constitution. His arrival in Perth on 21 October 1890 saw the city decorated with elaborate floral arches spanning the city's main streets and buildings were decked with banners and flags. John Forrest, who had argued Western Australians should accept Section 70 in order to obtain self-government, attempted to have them changed by 1892. William Traylen MP argued that "as our revenue is growing up now, and the natives can scarcely be said to be increasing in numbers, we shall be paying a very undue proportion of our income as a colony for the purpose of supporting the Aboriginal native race". For years Sir John Forrest fought with Robinson over Section 70 and Western Australia unilaterally passed the 1899 Constitution Amendment Act, taking control of Aboriginal Affairs without approval of the British House of Commons. Many Aboriginal people argue that the 1899 amendment was an illegal usurpation of British government power and one percent of accumulated Government revenues should be set aside for Aboriginal welfare, as intended.
Other notable events[edit]
- 1877: The telegraph from Adelaide to Perth completed considerably improving intracontinental communication
- 1883: Durack family settle around the Ord River in the East Kimberley.
- 1885: Australian rules football, became the dominant football code when several local rugby football clubs switch codes. Before then AFL and rugby were equally prevalent. For more information see West Australian Football League.
- 1887: On 22 April, a cyclone struck the pearling fleet at Ninety Mile Beach near Broome claiming 140 lives. The storm was unexpected, being so late in the season.[8]
- 1889: The Great Southern Railway was opened with subsequent economic growth to the regions along the line. The wheat industry did not really get going until construction of railways. A railway line had reached Coolgardie (from Perth) by 1896.
- 1895: Kings Park was officially opened on 10 August.
- 1897: Fremantle Inner Harbour was officially opened after dredging and construction under the supervision of C. Y. O'Connor.
State of Australia[edit]
On 1 January 1901, following a proclamation by Queen Victoria, Western Australia, along with the other five British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria, formed the federation of the Commonwealth of Australia, of which they each became component states. However, Western Australia was rather reluctant to join the union, doing so only after a railway line connecting the west coast to the east coast was offered.
Development during the early twentieth century[edit]
The wealth generated from gold soon disappeared and by the early years of the 20th century the economy was once again dependent on wool and wheat. This dependency meant that a dramatic fall in wool and wheat prices in the late 1920s – early 1930s saw the state's economy collapse. It was not to recover until after World War II when the Federal Government's postwar immigration policy saw a huge influx of migrants, nearly all of them from Europe, in the period 1947 to 1970.
Important events in Western Australia included the following:
- 1902: The Premier, George Leake died suddenly on 24 June aged only 45. Frederick Illingworth became the caretaker Premier for a week before Walter James formed a new ministry on 1 July. George Leake is the only Western Australian Premier to die in office.
- 1903: A pipeline from Mundaring Weir to Kalgoorlie is opened. This was a major achievement for its time by the state's first engineer-in-chief C. Y. O'Connor, who committed suicide before the project was complete.
- 1904: John Drayton is imprisoned under parliamentary privilege provisions in Western Australia for refusing to pay a fine. This is the first and, until 1995, only, time that an Australian parliament punished somebody under parliamentary privilege provisions.
- 1911: The University of Western Australia becomes Western Australia's first university. No teaching happens until 1913 though.[2] It wasn't until 1975 that Western Australia's second university, Murdoch University opened.
- 1912: A cyclone crossed the coast just west of Balla Balla near Port Hedland and claimed well over 150 lives. This was almost certainly Australia's worst weather-related maritime disaster of the 20th century with the loss of the coastal steamer Koombana.[3]
- 1917: The transcontinental railway is complete, fulfilling a promise by the Federal Government when the Colony of Western Australia voted to become a state of Australia at Federation in 1901. Construction of this last leg between Kalgoorlie and Port Augusta had begun in 1912.
- 1920: Edward, the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VIII) was involved in a train derailment, in which his carriage overturned in the state's south west. Fortunately the train was moving at a low speed and he did not sustain any injuries.
- 1920: Western Australia passed legislation allowing women to stand for parliament, Edith Cowan was elected to the Legislative Assembly becoming the first women elected to any Australian parliament.
- 1929: Western Australia Centenary.
- 1930: Perth is connected to Adelaide (and subsequently the rest of the eastern states) by a telephone line.
- In a referendum in 1933, 68% of voters favoured secession. The Premier, Philip Collier, argued in London for secession but the British decided they could not grant it.
Main article: Secessionism in Western Australia
- 1935: The Lacepede Islands near Broome were struck by a cyclone, which sank 21 pearling luggers with 141 lives lost. This was Australia's second deadliest cyclone in the 20th century. [4]
World War II[edit]
- 1941: Battle between HMAS Sydney and the German raiding ship Kormoran off the coast near Carnarvon. Both ships sank, and the entire crew of 645 on board Sydney was lost.
- 1942: Japanese planes attack Broome. The official death toll was 88. The settlements of Wyndham, Derby, Port Hedland and the Drysdale River Mission (Kalumburu) also experienced casualties.
- 1942-1945: Japanese occupation of Christmas Island, now one of two Australian Indian Ocean Territories.
Major events since 1945[edit]
- 1946: Over 800 Aboriginal workers took part in the 1946 Pilbara strike, the first such kind of action taken by Indigenous Australians.
- 1947: Western Australia enters the country's domestic cricket competition, the Sheffield Shield. Though Western Australia only entered on a probationary basis, it managed to win the shield in its first season.
- 1949: The worst aircraft accident in Western Australia occurred when the Douglas DC-3 Fitzroy crashed after take-off from Guildford aerodrome, killing all 18 people on board.
- 1950: The worst civil aircraft accident in Australian history occurred when all 29 people on board the Douglas DC-4 Amana died after it crashed near York on a flight from Perth to Adelaide.
- 1952: On 3 October the first nuclear bomb was exploded on Australian soil at the Montebello Islands. It was part of Operation Hurricane, Britain's first ever nuclear weapon test. [5]
- 1961: In arguably Western Australia's worst bushfires, many small communities were destroyed including 132 houses in Dwellingup. There were no fatalities, but 800 people were left homeless.[9]
- 1961: Minerals boom begins with legislation allowing bauxite mining in jarrah forests. The economy is bolstered over the next two decades by nickel mines around Kalgoorlie and iron ore mines in the north-west.[10]
- 1964: Eric Edgar Cooke was the last person hanged in Western Australia.
- 1964: On 31 December, Donald Campbell broke the world water speed record in the Bluebird K7 on Lake Dumbleyung. He reached 442 km/h. Campbell died in the same vehicle in 1967 in a later record attempt in England.
- 1967: Aboriginal people were recognized as Australian citizens with the right to vote
- 1968: On 14 October, the town of Meckering was almost destroyed in Australia's second worst earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter Scale. [6]
- 1968: On 31 December, all 26 people on board MacRobertson Miller Airlines Flight 1750 from Perth to Port Hedland died when the aircraft, a Vickers Viscount, crashed near Port Hedland.
- 1970: The Indian Pacific train completed its first journey by rail across the continent from Sydney to Perth. Though the transcontinental railway had been complete since 1917, this is the first time one train could make the journey uninterrupted by gauge changes.
- 1979: The NASA space station Skylab crashed in the remote south eastern part of the state. Places like Rawlinna and Balladonia received international attention.
- 1979: On 2 June 1979 there was a significant earthquake just east of Cadoux.
- 1979: WAY 1979 and the publishing of the Sesquicentenary Celebrations Series (Western Australia) by the celebrations committee and Government.
- 1983: Beginnings of WA Inc. Government deals with private businessmen lead to the loss of $600 million in public money and eventually a Royal Commission.
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Mennell, Philip (1892). The Coming Colony. London: Hutchison & Co.
- ^ Zimmerman, Augusto (2012). "The Still Reluctant State". In Appleby, Gabrielle; Aroney, Nicholas; John, Thomas. The Future of Australian Federalism: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Cambridge University Press. p. 79. ISBN 9781107006379. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Heilbronn, Gary N. et al. (2008). "Commonwealth Parliament". Introducing the Law (7 ed.). Sydney: CCH Australia Limited. p. 48. ISBN 9781921873478. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
- ^ Hallam, Sylvia J. (1981) The First Western Australians from C. T. Stannage A New History of Western Australia, University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-181-9
- ^ Lee, Ida. "The First Sighting of Australia by the English". The Geographical Journal (April 1934). Retrieved 16 Dec 2013.
- ^ a b c d "King George's Sound Settlement". State Records. State Records Authority of New South Wales. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b c Frayne, Beth (2011). The Long Toodyay Chronology, Part 1 1829-1900 (second ed.). Toodyay: Toodyay Historical Society.
- ^ Stirling, Ros (2011). "Wonnerup: A chronicle of the south-west". Australian Heritage Magazine. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ Bureau of Meteorology (1998). Tropical Cyclones (A Guide for Mariners in Northwest Australia), Pamphlet, Commonwealth of Australia
- ^ Courtney, Joe; Middelmann, Miriam (2005). "Meteorological hazards" (PDF). Natural hazard risk in Perth, Western Australia – Cities Project Perth Report. Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ^ 175th Anniversary of Western Australia
External links[edit]
- Constitutional Centre of W.A.
- Western Australia: A History from its Discovery to the Inauguration of the Commonwealth by J S Battye (1924)
- Centre for WA History


text:
Mottled skin, technically referred to as dyschromia, is a condition in which the skin becomes discolored in irregular patches. It is different than other skin discolorations because it is expressly the result of changes in the blood vessels. Although mottling of the skin does not cause any physical pain, it can be a sign of an underlying condition and could also result in self-consciousness or psychological distress.
Blood vessels are a series of narrow tubes that help transport blood from the heart throughout the rest of the body and back again to the heart. Some blood vessels are located just beneath the skin's surface, which can make them visible in certain individuals with light colored skin. If any condition results in changes to the blood vessels, they can end up causing mottled skin. Common causes of changes to the blood vessels include increases or decreases in body temperature, aging, blood disorders, or even heart disease.
The main symptom of mottled skin is red or purple patches that occur on any area of the skin. These changes generally occur once the blood vessels are constricted. The blood vessels cannot properly distribute blood throughout the body and blood may build up in certain areas close to the skin's surface.
Mottled skin is typically treated by having a doctor determine the underlying cause. He or she may recommend that patients who constantly get skin mottling should be especially careful to wear protective gloves and other clothing when their skin is going to be exposed to heat or cold. If the mottling is due to a specific disorder, it will generally subside once the underlying disorder is treated.
People with less skin pigmentation are generally at a higher risk for skin mottling than those with darker complexions. This is simply due to the fact that the blood vessels are typically much more visible in people with more translucent skin. The red or purple discoloration may not be as noticeable in dark skin; however, those with darker complexions may still experience blood vessel changes, just without the visible evidence.
In rare cases, skin mottling can be a sign of a serious immediate health concern. If the mottling comes on suddenly and appears with other symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or pain in the area, it could be a sign of physical shock. In these cases, a doctor will need to find out immediately if the person has any other serious preexisting conditions or injuries or it could be fatal if not treated.
anon359375 Post 25 |
Okay. Most of you will dismiss me as a clueless little kid, but here I go. I'm currently 12 and I've had mottling of the skin ever since I was 9. Whenever it comes, my legs and arms stiffen up and I can't walk. In 2011 I was diagnosed with systemic scleroderma but all of my rheumatologists dismissed it as a false diagnosis. I've been going through this for almost seven years and I'm sick and tired of it. I recently found a doctor that did a test on me and found a whole bunch of stuff in me, but I believe that he only did the test for the common, big-name diseases. I have an elevated ANA all the time, which should be a big indicator of something wrong. I do also frequently have big white splotches on my toes. Does anybody maybe suggest something? All of my symptoms match up with the systemic scleroderma. Please help. |
Neecy Post 24 |
I don't want to sound morbid, but mottled skin is also a part of the dying process. I'm not saying that if you have mottled skin that you are dying! My sister recently died of lung cancer, and her hands and arms became mottled. It's because there wasn't any oxygen getting to them. If you have a loved one who is dying, this is a sign of imminent death. Just saying... |
anon337117 Post 23 |
Mottled skin can also be caused if you have Fibromyalgia in some cases. |
anon335798 Post 22 |
I have had purple mottled skin on my arms for as long as i can remember. It is accompanied by bright red blotches also. I have high blood pressure that I take medications for. My family doctor shrugged it off as nothing. I don't have insurance and it is discouraging to read all these comments that dermatologists as well don't know what it is. It's obviously not fatal, at least yet. I'm 53 and wish somebody could diagnose me without it costing all the money I have. |
anon334972 Post 21 |
While I sleep, my hand and arm fall asleep. I wake up in pain and shake my hand and arm awake. I'm pretty sure I'm causing this by lying on my arm and cutting off circulation. But after doing this by accident, for maybe a year on and off, more on lately I have discoloration on my right hand. Could this be mottled skin? I have yet to go to a doctor. Will the blood vessels eventually release and will my hand go back to the way it looked before? Anyone dealt with something similar? Also, is it dangerous? |
anon333985 Post 20 |
My daughter, age 6, has mottled skin. It looks like she's cold, but she is not. Sometimes complains in the day/night of leg pain, her foot or hand fall asleep and become painful and tingling. She bruises easily and they take a while to go away. She sleeps with fan on and says it helps her to breathe. She has no known respiratory problems. She was healthy at birth and on time at delivery. We have seen a hematologist and she has not had this all her life! The doctor said she was not anemic, and her clotting time was only off by a second or so. He dismissed her and diagnose her with Raynaunds! This is not a correct
diagnosis! She is always hungry and wants snacks, too. I don't give many sugary snacks.
She's active, jumping/running/playing, but gets really red and hot fast! Does anyone have a clue? I really need some feedback. I'm at a dead end. Thanks! |
anon331986 Post 19 |
I have complex regional pain syndrome and get mottled skin all the time, no matter the temperature, since I was diagnosed in 2003. It has spread from the affected limb now throughout my body as the CRPS has. |
anon311977 Post 18 |
Raynaud's Disease is when you are exposed to cold your skin mottles, and you have pain in your fingers or toes from cold. Toes or fingers may turn white or purple They turn purple, white, then a bright red when heat is restored to body parts. I have this, and have found the best thing is to move the body around, do exercises to warm the body or an easier solution: take a nice warm, shower or bath. It gets the blood flowing again. Please look it up if you think you may have this. Moderator's reply: Or see this article for more information: |
anon310929 Post 17 |
I've had mottled skin my whole life and coming from Scotland this is an extremely common condition of having a chilly climate and lots of pale skinned people. We had a newly qualified doctor in the 1990s from New Delhi and when he started seeing all these patients with mottled skin he thought it was an iron deficiency epidemic. We joked that whatever you went to see him for, the prescription was iron pills. My mottled skin goes away when I'm in bed or in a warm country on holiday, which is fine for me. The rest of the time I just wear tights so no one sees. |
anon286870 Post 16 |
I have mottled skin and high blood pressure. It's fine when I am out in the sun, but terrible when I get cold. I also suffer from white and severely painful fingers and toes in the winter. |
anon283539 Post 15 |
My legs showed mottled skin in 2004 after a rigorous walk in the cold winter air of Connecticut. A blood test in 2010 showed I was terribly anemic. Result: CAD, cold agglutinin disease. Treatment: Rituxan Sjogren's test relates to CAD. But the underlying condition for CAD to occur in you must be detected. Only 5 percent of lucky ones have no underlying reason for CAD to occur. Take mottling seriously if it happens due to exposure to cold, and see your doctor right away. |
anon283536 Post 14 |
If you notice that mottling happens when exposed to the cold, please have a Coombs test done of your blood immediately for cold agglutinin disease or "CAD". This rare disease destroys red blood cells, due to exposure to cold, and you will become dangerously anemic. You must act now. Once blood hemoglobin levels drop to 7, you are in danger. It affects your heart, and all other organs. if HGB drops to 4, you are in danger of your life. If you notice blue cheeks, ears, fingers and toes,even after you play a game of tennis on a balmy evening, you have CAD. Please proceed now. Even if it is a rare disease (one person in 1 million), it happened to me, and it could be your case too. |
anon271277 Post 13 |
I know a person with brain cancer. He has mottled skin tones, purple like in the stomach. What could it be? |
anon267308 Post 12 |
I've had mottled skin all of my life and I've never had a problem. |
anon263663 Post 11 |
@anon117841: I read your post and I'm having the same problem. I too have been to the dermatologist and rheumatologist. My blood work has come back with always a slightly high wbc count and they also did a blood test for sjogrens and lupus, which came back positive but they're still not satisfied that these are still the root problem. My regular doctor now wants to do an MRI and check my pituitary gland. I'm in hopes that they find what is wrong with me. I have been going through this for almost five months. I can't do anything without constant pain and I also look like a freak my skin is so bad..Everything has changed so much, I
have lost all muscle mass and my skin just looks horrible.
I'm 48 and just don't understand whats happening to me. I already have heart problems. I wish you the best. Just keep telling your regular doctor you need that MRI. And if he or she doesn't do it find you another one who will. Good luck to you and God bless you. I hope we both and everyone else with the same health issues can get the help we deserve and need to have some quality of life again. |
anon259561 Post 10 |
I have mottled skin. It's kind of strange, if you ask me. |
anon254976 Post 9 |
I have had mottled skin all of my life. I inherited it from my father's side of the family. He had it all of his life, and my daughter also has it. My family doctor told me when I was young, it was my body's way of trying to keep warm when I get chilly. We have seen no health issues. I am 48. |
anon180225 Post 8 |
Look up sepsis. It is very dangerous. The body has an infection. It can put toxins in the bloodstream and cause the immune system to attack your organs. |
anon159343 Post 7 |
I was born with mottled skin and have had it all my life! It appears when I get cold and you can't see it at all when I'm warm! I've never had any serious health problems that could be attributed to this! |
anon145876 Post 6 |
I think anon may need to be checked for multiple sclerosis. |
anon126933 Post 5 |
How about your blood pressure? If it's high consider Sneddon's Syndrome. Characteristics include headaches, high blood pressure and mottling of the skin in the absence of an underlying disease/condition. |
anon121339 Post 4 |
sounds like rynad syndrome. |
anon117841 Post 3 |
I have mottling skin and no doctors seem to know why. I get cluster headaches and my skin only gets like that when I'm standing and worsen when I'm cold. Much pain comes along where I can't even sit or stand for too long due to pain. I have seen a dermatologist, a rheumatologist, an internal medicine doctor and they all keep telling me nothing is wrong because my blood tests are all good. Every day I do research on the Internet and I came across the pituitary gland, which could be a reason why. I asked my doc to check my hormones and she never wants to. Is there anybody out there who can help me? |
mitchell14 Post 2 |
It is interesting how even harmless-seeming changes in the skin or other appearances can be a sign of a dangerous condition, but that seems to be common. After all, even a tan can be as dangerous as sunburn when talking about skin cancer, so it makes sense that the skin is such an indicator of overall health. |
sapphire12 Post 1 |
I had no idea mottled skin could be a sign of something more serious, though i don't know if I've ever known anyone who had it. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
IMPORTANT: Billy Zane Will Be In "Zoolander 2"
It's a sequel! It's a sequel…
It's a sequel! It's a sequel…
A comprehensive list of rules and tips for dressing better. Plus much more.
Nothing to see here except for a Kung Fu cop fighting a Nazi army. Also dinosaurs.
"I take things people look at as a negative as an inspiration to do something better."
"Sing, Jennifer!"
It's the best event of the year!
What "retro" things are considered cool now?
"What about my man Taiwan Lannisters?"
"You're supposed to soak up every bit of fame like it's sunshine. But I think it's genuinely scary that fame is valued so highly, even above happiness."
Troy and Abed RE-U-NI-TED!
They're basically the top models of dog breeds.
"I just want you to be proud of me."
There's no place quite like it in the world.
I'm here for the McGangBang.
Choose your side.
This is a test in humanity. A very simple test.
Tell us your secret order!
She truly is the coolest first lady.
Monkey see, monkey do.
Do you have what it takes to get out of the woods alive?


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GeneralMcGrath Insurance can serve the complete insurance needs of your business, whether you are a service business or a manufacturer, large or small, a high tech company, contractor, retailer or in the real estate business. |
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Date(s): Sunday, March 30
Time: 2:00 pm - 3:30 pm
Location: McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture
The McClung Museum's 4th annual Civil War Lecture series will be held on the last Sunday of each month, January – April 2014 at 2 pm in the McClung Museum Auditorium.
This month's lecture, "East Tennessee Civil War Era Attitudes toward Slavery," will be given by Joan Markel, PhD, Civil War Curator, McClung Museum.
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Wonderful news, Jeff! Congratulations!
Wonderful news Jeff. CongratulationsOriginally Posted by Deafjeff, post: 274270
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Stormes will run as a Republican and will challenge incumbent Democrat Bill Riggin for the lone open seat on the three-person committee.
Stormes garnered a large enough percentage of the vote as a write-in candidate in the recent Primary Election to run as a Republican.
"I want to make sure things are done right here in the township," Stormes explained.
"I've been doing community service here for a lot of years, and I think I can do more as a committeeman than I can as a citizen."
Stormes has been a resident of Commercial Township for 35 years, and also serves on the Land Use Board.
Contact Phillip Tomlinson at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Open AccessThis article is
MDPI and ACS Style
- freely available
- re-usable
Biology 2013, 2(4), 1411-1437; doi:10.3390/biology2041411
Portraying the Expression Landscapes of B-CellLymphoma-Intuitive Detection of Outlier Samples and of Molecular Subtypes
Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, Leipzig 04107, Germany
LIFE, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, Leipzig 04103, Germany
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 1 August 2013 / Revised: 1 October 2013 / Accepted: 5 November 2013 / Published: 2 December 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developments in Bioinformatic Algorithms)
We present an analytic framework based on Self-Organizing Map (SOM) machine learning to study large scale patient data sets. The potency of the approach is demonstrated in a case study using gene expression data of more than 200 mature aggressive B-cell lymphoma patients. The method portrays each sample with individual resolution, characterizes the subtypes, disentangles the expression patterns into distinct modules, extracts their functional context using enrichment techniques and enables investigation of the similarity relations between the samples. The method also allows to detect and to correct outliers caused by contaminations. Based on our analysis, we propose a refined classification of B-cell Lymphoma into four molecular subtypes which are characterized by differential functional and clinical characteristics.Keywords:
co-regulated genes; molecular function; network analysis; machine learning; classifying cancer
This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Hopp, L.; Lembcke, K.; Binder, H.; Wirth, H. Portraying the Expression Landscapes of B-CellLymphoma-Intuitive Detection of Outlier Samples and of Molecular Subtypes. Biology 2013, 2, 1411-1437.
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...one. His poverty-stricken existence in Rome during the 1950s furnished the material for his first two novels, Ragazzi di vita (1955; The Ragazzi) and Una vita violenta (1959; A Violent Life). These brutally realistic depictions of the poverty and squalor of slum life in Rome were similar in character to his first film, Accattone (1961), and all three works...place in Italian literature
...trans. Metello]) and of the Roman subproletariat by Pier Paolo Pasolini ( Ragazzi di vita [1955; The Ragazzi] and Una vita violenta [1959; A Violent Life]). There were memories of the north's struggle against fascist and Nazi domination from Vittorini and from Beppe Fenoglio ( I ventitrè giorni della città di...


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NWAR: Trench Warfare
Detective Nwar gets his hands dirty for a political campaign.
4.42 / 5.00 2,995 ViewsFinally there's this! Enjoy. What we have here is an assignment for my experimental animation class last semester. I was focusing mainly on characterization. There's not a whole lot of action, it's mostly about subtle acting and facial animation. Even so, I'm pretty happy with it for a first effort! It's a silly little thing, but it was great fun to make!
Wonderful! This is some of the smoothest claymation I've see done by a single person and decent humour to boot. I wish there was more interaction between the hero and the beast but given how time consuming clay must be to work with I cant really blame you there.
Was ok. The character looked far better than what ive normally seen on websites like this.
Just wish it was clearer. The image was so distorted except for the actual bit that was flash.
I...umm... confused...
Animation was good, and the claymation was smooth and snazzy although some music or backing would have set the scene better.
Suggest investing in a clearer microphone as well XD
I like it, would have been nice to see action during the claymation part but just the fact that you put in the time and effort to make a decent claymation scene earns 4 stars from me.


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Google Taps Video Growth With $608 Million Finnish Investment
Nov. 4 (Bloomberg) -- Google Inc., owner of the world's most popular search engine, plans to spend 450 million euros ($608 million) to expand its Finnish data center as mobile video demand increases.
"Google is in Finland for the long term," Dieter Kern, manager of the data center, told reporters in Hamina, about 150 kilometers east of Helsinki. "We're digging deep roots, both figuratively and in a concrete way."
Google, based in Mountain View, California, is stepping up investments to cope with increasing volume from wireless devices as it chases advertising revenue. Its third-quarter capital expenditure, mainly on equipment, data centers and real estate, rose to $2.29 billion from $1.6 billion in previous quarter.
Companies in need of more capacity as data demand grows are increasingly looking toward the Nordic region, attracted by a stable electricity grid as well as the chilly climate which helps save on equipment cooling costs.
Microsoft Corp. said on Sept. 3 it will invest 250 million euros in a new data center in Finland. Facebook Inc. opened its first data center outside the U.S. in Luleaa, Sweden, in June. London-based Telecity Group Plc, which hosts Spotify Ltd.'s music services, last year bought Helsinki-based data-center operators Academica Oy and Tenue Oy with plans to expand capacity.
Creating Jobs
Google bought the former newsprint mill in Hamina in 2009 for 40 million euros with an initial investment of 160 million euros to convert it into a data center. It added further 150 million euros to expand the site last year. Construction of more data center space has already started, Kern said.
The construction will provide jobs to 800 engineers and builders and the data center's staff count will increase from the current 125, according to a statement.
Finland's government is seeking to fuel the data-center boom by reducing the energy tax collected from companies investing in data storage starting next year. That would reduce their energy tax rate to a similar level as other industrial companies, Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen said today. The proposal needs approval from the European Commission, the executive arm of the 28-member European Union, he said.
"This is one of the biggest foreign direct investments into Finland," Katainen told reporters. "These extensive investments also say something about Finland. We're able to offer a competitive environment to international companies."
To contact the reporter on this story: Kasper Viita in Helsinki at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Christian Wienberg at firstname.lastname@example.com


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The One With Mrs. Bing
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Aired on
Chandler's romance novelist mum comes to New York to visit him and he's not sure how he feels about it, especially after Joey catches Mrs. Bing and Ross kissing. Meanwhile, Monica and Phoebe compete for the "attention" of Coma Guy, who gets hit by an ambulance after Monica woo-woo's at him on the street.
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text:
How many Camaros need to be sold?
I was looking up sales on the internet and in 2002 42,098 Camaros were sold and 142,404 Mustangs.
So my question is how many 2010 Camaros do you think will be sold? And how many do you think need to be sold every year to keep it in production this time around? |
Good question...I've thought the same thing!
Also (if you don't mind me asking) when is production set to run for 2010? Feb 09 - ???? When does 2011 production start? |
Not sure when 2011 production starts. Just that the 2010's are starting production in Feb. of '09 |
It's beeen stated that 80k need to be solf the first MY for GM to start seeing profit. In addition to already being obscenely late to the dance I believe that may be a reason for the extended first MY.
If I remember correctly, the GTO didn't even sell that many cars combined for the 2004-06 models! And that was a great car, albeit very homely... :cool: |
It's an optimistic goal, but I'm hoping that the high "amazingocity" of the car will help it reach that mark. I think if any car could be released in this economy and sell 80,000 units it would be the Camaro |
I have to say I am a little worried about wether or nor they will sell the 80k, but I guess all we can do is drive our Camaros as soon as we get them to start advertising!
The goal was 80-100k cars a year. Then gas prices spiked. When gas prices started to come down, credit evaporated. But GM is doing better than the other automakers right now and everything says that the Camaro should be better than the competition. I'd say that GM will be closer (as a %) to their sales goal than Dodge will be with the Challenger.
Who really cares if the car sticks around.. As long as you get your 2010 or 2011 camaro. It should be all good. It would be better if they ended the production, because you will have a collector's item. Ha
Mustang==:mad0233: |
Well, if GM wants to sell 80K units then they're gonna have to do better than 6 units a dealer from now through September 09. I called four Chevy dealers in my area and that's all they're alloted.
It's such a big worry. Sport coupes just don't sell anymore. Discounting two door G6's, and Accords, the only sport coupes left, sold in this country are the mustang and Mitsubishi Eclipse. We can only hope. I do put the GTO in a different category. It wasn't sporty enough, and there was no V6 model. There is a built in Camaro audience out there...42,000 i guess. Of course, with no Firebird, roughly 33,000 they were selling a year should go to the Camaro. So , optimistically, that's 75,000 right there. The big concern is whether they can maintain 100,000 sales a year.
I doubt that GM will be able to maintain 100k sales/year. They can, however, keep interest in the Camaro alive through the convertible a year after production starts...then maybe...a Z28 after that...:D
Yeah I agree...give the options they have this year, the vert the next and then bring in the Z28 the year after...should keep the interest up.
But...how many folks are holding out for the vert and the Z28? Enough to hold the market share...I don't know? |
Dudes - not to incite a riot; but, did you sit in and look at the GTO. It was so plastic that I opted to lease a Crossfire. Same blind spot and better performance, fit and finish. Sorry; but, I still like a solid feel and sound when you close the door. |
I just had a vision of seeing a Camaro on every block in nyc
hmmmm would having 80k of the same cars running around, then having one wouldn't so special any more;) |
Remember this new Camaro is far above the other production camaro.
GM stopped promoting the F-bodys, and wanted them to die off.
Now they are going to build one of the best looking Camaros of all time. The problem is the economy. Now the next question will be, how do they out do them selves for the 6th gen? |
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This script is Copyright (C) 2011-2015 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
Synopsis : The remote Mandriva Linux host is missing one or more security updates. Description : A vulnerability has been discovered and corrected in apache : The mod_proxy module in the Apache HTTP Server 1.3.x through 1.3.42, 2.0.x through 2.0.64, and 2.2.x through 2.2.21 does not properly interact with use of (1) RewriteRule and (2) ProxyPassMatch pattern matches for configuration of a reverse proxy, which allows remote attackers to send requests to intranet servers via a malformed URI containing an initial \@ (at sign) character (CVE-2011-3368). Packages for 2009.0 are provided as of the Extended Maintenance Program. Please visit this link to learn more: http://store.mandriva.com/product_info.php?cPath=149 products_id=490 The updated packages have been patched to correct this issue. Solution : Update the affected packages. Risk factor : Medium / CVSS Base Score : 5.0 (CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N) CVSS Temporal Score : 4.3 (CVSS2#E:ND/RL:OF/RC:C) Public Exploit Available : true
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Coastal Cities / live show Palmbomen / dj set The Ponytails / dj set Reskate! eco-art / live performance Take Away Fanzine / workshop Ecologize-Me Photobooth / spread the word
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Over the course of his illustrious lifetime, Shaquille O'Neal has worn many more hats than your average professional athlete. He's only 40 years old and his retirement from basketball remains a pretty recent development, but one of the greatest players in NBA history has already doubled as a rapper, an actor, a television analyst, a reality star, and a spokesperson for various brands. How good he's been at doing all of these things is definitely debatable, but one thing most certainly is not: Shaquille O'Neal fancies himself a fine businessman, and he's willing to try just about anything if there's money to be made. Forbes once called him "a marketing visionary," and considering his reported net worth of $250 million, who am I to argue? Pictured above is a sampling of some of Shaq's new jewelry. Not his personal jewelry, obviously, but the jewelry he sells at Zales. You can see more of it Zales.com, where it is available from $50. It's made mostly of stainless steel, lacks precious stones, and is generally ugly. To wear it would probably make most people feel embarrassed, and I can't help but laugh at the fact that at least one person (possibly the guy in the photo) is definitely going to buy a $1,700 Shaq bracelet, thinking they're doing it. As for Shaquille, he knows this sh!t is whack. He simply recognized an opportunity to become marginally richer. I'm not really mad at him, but you can be if you want. Especially if you receive a pair of Shaq earrings for Christmas. What are you even gonna do, return them? That would require going out in public with Shaq earrings in your possession.
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Brand: Diba
Price: $39.95 USD
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Manchester United Message Board
you are viewing a single comment's thread.
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No more players for you?
I thought u were slayer lol. Anyway the only player i think we need and i would only want to see coming is De Rossi.
What about Costa, the Gremio player?
Reading threads dedicated to Costa in the last few days many Man U fans will gladly sacrifice one of their limps to have him in your team.
Dark.Soul, won't you like to see him in a red devil's shirt too?- 1 Reply to A Yahoo! User
"I'm Bad" He 's not a proven player and he's not even in the 1st team. 20 million for a player who's not even in the 1st team is a bit much if u ask me or anyone who has common sense. Disappointed? I don't know I havent seen him in action to feel that way.
Slayer and his many ID know Arsenal fans for ever let down,no trophies no hope
Nuff said in any guise or ID


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Feeding America, Kentucky's Heartland (FAKH) is gearing up for another school year for the BackPack Program. Approximately 5,000 children are projected to be served this year. The children on the program are first identified by school officials for being at-risk for being hungry on the weekends. Once identified and a permission slip is signed by a parent, each child will receive a bag of 10-15 kid-friendly food items each week throughout the entire school year.
The Marion County Board of Education is likely to increase the real estate and personal property tax rate, but at a lower rate than in past years.
The school board has scheduled a special called meeting for a tax rate hearing and approval for 5 p.m., Thursday, Aug. 30.
Marion County Public Schools resumed classes on Aug. 8, and have started the year off on the right foot, according to Superintendent Dr. Chuck Hamilton.
"We've had an absolutely outstanding start to our school year..." Hamilton said during his superintendent's report at the Marion County Board of Education's regular monthly meeting Tuesday, Aug. 14. "Everybody involved has made this an outstanding experience for our students."
BREAKFAST Monday, Aug. 20: Pancake and sausage on stick w/maple syrup and toast or assorted cereal and toast, variety of juice, milk. Tuesday, Aug. 21: Granola breakfast cookie and two toast or assorted cereal and two toast, variety of juice, milk. Wednesday, Aug. 22: Scrambled eggs and two toast or assorted cereal and two toast, variety of juice, milk. Thursday, Aug. 23: Milk gravy and biscuit or cereal and toast, variety of juice, milk.
Editor's note: The following is a news report on the increase of college graduates in Marion County from 1970 to 2010. The report was prepared by Bill Bishop, editor of the news site DailyYonder.com, and Robert Gallardo, an associate professor at Mississippi State's Southern Rural Development Center. The report is based on Census data and is specifically about Marion County and Kentucky.
As ebooks and ereaders continue to increase in popularity, it was inevitable that schools would make a move toward electronic textbooks.
To go along with that trend, Marion County High School students have the opportunity to purchase a Nook Tablet to use in the classroom.
"They are using them as a supplement to paper textbooks," said Kurt Mattingly, the technology integration specialist for Marion County Public Schools. "With less funding, schools are having to look for more affordable opportunities."
Quint Tatro can be heard at 11 a.m. Sunday on WHAS radio. He can also be seen as a frequent guest on CNBC's Fast Money and Fox's Business Happy Hour.
Friday, he shared his financial insights in person at the Marion County Industrial Foundation's First Friday Forum at the David R. Hourigan Government Building.


text:
Scrabble word: RHEMES
In which Scrabble dictionary does RHEMES exist?
Definitions of RHEMES in dictionaries:
- noun - a statement of fact or opinion
There are 6 letters in RHEMES: E E H M R S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to RHEMES
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word RHEMES plus a wildcard: RHEMES?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word RHEMES
Images for RHEMES
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Mayhem # 1720941
About MeMy name is Nina and I am currently a college student. I took a break from photography due to lack of time, but I've been slowly but surely getting back into it.***Very few of my photos are included on my portfolio here. If you want to see more, just ask! Or visit my DeviantArt portfolio (linked above). ***While I appreciate the fact that you might be up for anything, what I love to see in models is decisiveness and creativity. I like to feel like I am actually working WITH someone rather than FOR someone especially with TF shoots. I'd also recommend to all up and coming models to build up their wardrobe, and not expect their photographers to provide them. My work is TF and in some cases paid. I can help you build your portfolio, explore new ideas and concepts, and basically create some awesome artwork. I have a plethora of ideas to work on, I'm interested in working with creative minds and models that are open-minded, professional, and fun. My TF work is selective, but please do feel free to message me about shooting together. If you're in Greensboro, or have a particular look or ideas that will add to my portfolio, I will likely do the shoot TF. Otherwise, I'll send you my rates. What I'd like to shoot: Eating disorder awareness shoot Vintage/Retro shoot Forest type shoot (either princess/fairy/or horror themed) Shoot with animals (horse, birds, anything available and interesting) Underwear/Lingerie shoot Man/Woman vs Nature Water shoot Glamour Couples Horror shoot Fashion Wedding Ballerina Grunge/Punk Artistic Nude (emphasis on "artistic") and many more ideas to develop with potential models Friends |


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DF: What is so righteous about this shirt to me is that it encompasses a couple of ideas. The first obviously being about Harden and the Rockets and our love affair with our new superstar player, but the play on the Austin thing kind of gives Houston a little slice of identity, a slogan that represents our love of the Rockets, Houston and well...beards. The city really needs to get behind this Rockets team even more than before, because this team is actually pretty damn good and they're all still kids right now. James Harden is the superstar we've been waiting for, and his facial hair has proved quite marketable.
How do you keep Houston beard...besides wearing a shirt?
MM: Grow a beard, support the Rockets, the Texans (Ed Reed), the Dynamo (Adam Moffat), the...Astros (who's even on this team anymore?) and be proud of your city and your facial hair. And if you can't grow facial hair, you can do like our buddy Dave and buy a beard to wear.
DF: Buy 12 shirts and make everyone in your family wear them. All the time.


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Article Preview
Cattle case closed
Published 12/08/2010, Alexandria Echo Press
A tip from a Wilkin County farmer led to the recovery of 17 calves stolen from Douglas, Todd and Stearns counties Thursday.
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heart @ www.shirtissimo.com - perfect for t-shirt-individualization with your own text... Junior's Tees, white/red.
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Put a little retro style in your wardrobe. The binding sleeves and collar contrast add a touch of color to a classic style. With a snug, comfortable fit and soft-combed jersey cotton, our ringer t-shirt is perfect for everyday wear.


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Posted on Fri, 03/20/2015 - 8:44am by lmiller
We all have those computer questions that drive us crazy - the question may seem simple, but the answer remains elusive. Come to the "Make Your Computer Work For You" you to unravel the answers to your questions - and other common computer questions.
Posted on Thu, 03/19/2015 - 1:53pm by ccapitani
Posted on Tue, 03/17/2015 - 9:18am by jzaino
Stop by the Library's MakerLab and meet Nao, our humanoid robot.
Posted on Sat, 03/14/2015 - 9:38am by lmiller
Posted on Thu, 03/12/2015 - 1:16pm by mgorbenko
In recognition of National Financial Literacy Month, HTG Investment Advisors will hold a discussion about wealth management topics for individuals.
Posted on Tue, 03/10/2015 - 5:39pm by lhoward
Wednesdays in April, 4:00 - 5:30 PM. Knitters and Crocheters come stitch together! This drop-in event is a chance for knitters and crocheters to chat, get tips, and learn from each other while working on your own projects. All ages and experience levels are welcome.
Posted on Tue, 03/03/2015 - 9:52am by jzaino
Join us for an introductory course that will give you hands-on experience with the Arduino, a tiny, but powerful microcontroller.
Posted on Tue, 02/24/2015 - 3:47pm by aheneage
Learn fascinating facts about Charles Lindbergh's historic flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. Ages 7-11 yrs.
Posted on Sat, 02/21/2015 - 2:00pm by lmiller
Bring an old photograph to learn how to scan & digitally restore old and/or damaged photographs. Saturday, March 28 at 10:00 AM.
Posted on Sat, 02/21/2015 - 11:44am by lmiller


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martin scorsese
Martin Scorsese's Boardwalk Empire pilot leads to series pick-up
Of course, all things were looking good, and who really expects Scorsese to hand in crap, but now it's finally official. HBO has given a 12-episode commitment to Boardwalk Empire, including that pilot.
The series takes place in 1920s Atlantic City and features Steve Buscemi as an important city figure, as well as a bootlegger. I absolutely love it when HBO does period pieces like this. They seem to excel at authentically bringing these bygone eras to stunning life.
Prohibition was a tumultuous time in this country, and I can just imagine how intense things got in a hotbed for seedy behavior like Atlantic City. And then there's Buscemi. Brilliant, unpredictable, I can't imagine anyone better to play a character who's described as "equal parts politician and gangster." HBO's hit streak looks to keep on going.
Entourage: Amongst Friends
(S06E02) "Who would've thought I'd be the only one guaranteed to have sex tonight?!?" - Turtle
I know I've said it before, but one of the things that I've always loved about Entourage is how the writers behind the show seem to have this uncanny knack for re-creating exact conversations that I've had with my friends before. I know I'm not the only one out there who's had a laugh with their buddies trying to figure out how exactly did Seth Rogan get laid in Knocked Up? When Turtle made his final point ("His ugliness is oddly fascinating."), it was like deja-vu for me.
Then they went and killed the moment when Vince got that nudie pic of Sloan's friend. That never happens to me or my friends.
TV Squad Ten: Fearless predictions for 2009
Fortunately, I don't see a SAG strike in the future. However, here are ten things I'm betting will happen by the time the ball drops on December 31st.
1. Martin Scorsese will be the next big thing on HBO. He's producing a drama based on the book Boardwalk Empire. HBO is overdue to launch another big series in The Sopranos tradition. Boardwalk Empire seems to have all the right elements: violence, sex, gambling, and Oscar-winning, iconic director Martin Scorsese.
Michael Pitt in talks for Boardwalk Empire
I'm crazy for HBO, and one of the shows I'm really looking forward to is Boardwalk Empire, a pilot executive produced by Martin Scorsese (who's also directing), Mark Wahlberg, Stephen Levinson, and Terence Winter (who's also penning the pilot).
Based on the Nelson Johnson book Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, the project chronicles the 1920s origins of Atlantic City, New Jersey. From what I've read, it sounds like a mix of The Departed, The Sopranos and Goodfellas -- all favorites of mine. And the cast they've got lined up couldn't be better.
Steve Buscemi plays Nucky Johnson, a businessman who runs a liquor distribution ring at the beginning of Prohibition. Michael Pitt (pictured) is in negotiations to play Jimmy Darmody, a bright, young, ruthless WWI veteran who serves as a flunky for Nucky, but yearns for more power.
Steve Buscemi to star in HBO drama?
Buscemi has never been a leading man, to my knowledge; however he's an extremely versatile character actor and has always had a prominent supporting role in every drama or comedy in which he's appeared (my favorite still remains Airheads. Yeah, I'm weird that way).
He's no stranger to HBO drama either, as he had a sizable role in one of its most critically acclaimed dramas The Sopranos. He directed episodes of that show as well, before he even got in front of the camera. Martin Scorsese has also historically been attracted to mob dramas, so it seems like a good match.
The show itself has a lot of talent behind it (including Mark Wahlberg, who also executive-produces Entourage), so this show has a better chance of being a hit than most others, particularly anything on network TV.
Has cable become credible?
Variety reports that while the big four networks are cutting back on their sitcoms and dramas for more reality fare, cable networks have been ramping up their dramas, comedies and dramadies and are now in a position to compete for some real ratings.
And it's not just in quantity where cable has tipped the scales.
Entourage: Return to Queens Blvd. (season finale)
(S05E12) "She's treating me like she usually treats Johnny." - Vince
Things certainly weren't looking good for Vince. But in true Entourage style, something always works out. Despite the fact that this was one of the strongest episodes of the season, I really wish it had ended differently.
Scorsese to direct HBO pilot?
Admittedly, at this stage of his career this seems a bit like slumming. He has once before directed for television (an episode of Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories in the '80s). Honestly, where else is there to go? He's won the Oscar already. He's even directed Michael Jackson. It's his series (he's the executive producer along with Wahlberg), so everybody wins with this deal.
I note how he has gone away from his native setting of New York City in his more recent work (for example, The Departed took place in Boston), and now he's decided to cross the Hudson River into New Jersey. As a Jersey native, I can only say: it's about time!
HBO signs writer to Scorsese's Boardwalk Empire
Just like the winners, the Oscar ceremony was just "meh"
ABC really needs to stage an intervention with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It really does. Because, year in and year out, the Academy puts on an Oscars ceremony that not only runs far longer than the network intends, it just ends up boring the crap out of viewers, many of whom are asleep by the time the real categories are decided.
This year's ceremony ran from 8:30 PM ET (after a Road to the Oscars red-carpet special that was just pointless and dull) to about 12:15 AM. That's 3 hours and 45 minutes of speeches, montages, and musical numbers. My god; even the Grammys aren't that bloated, and it's nothing but musical numbers.
TCM honors John Ford in November
Liotta and Scorsese reunite ... sorta
But this is more of a case of corporate synergy and a jam-packed show than the desire to semi-reunite Scorsese and Liotta. Both the movie and the series are owned by Warner Brothers, and the premiere clocks in at close to an hour, leaving little room for commercials. So either the episode had to be severely cut or air in an awkward 90-minute slot; this limited-interruption method helps everyone out. Too bad networks can't do this more often.
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Tuesday, July 30, 2013
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Primitive LA City Lights Tank Top
Item # 230389
Stash Points: 1,498
What is this?
This is the number of points you get in The Zumiez Stash for purchasing this item. Stash points are redeemable for exclusive rewards only available to Zumiez Stash members. To redeem your points check out the rewards catalog on thestash.zumiez.com.Description
The graphic of the Northern Lights over the Los Angeles skyline is printed on a pure cotton tee shirt for the perfect combination of quality comfort and premium style.
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Practice Area:Car Accidents
Outcome:Awarded: $1.1 Million
Description:After the terrorist attack on the World Trade Centers and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the United States Government set up a Victim's Compensation Fund to provide for the families of those who were killed or injured. Soon after the creation of the Fund, the Association of Trial Lawyers of America created a pro bono entity called Trial Lawyers Care ("TLC"). Attorneys who volunteered through TLC represented clients, pro bono, before the Victim's Compensation Fund. Vaden Warren volunteered to represent families before the Fund. Mr. Warren represented the family of a woman who was killed in the World Trade Center. She left behind a beloved partner, mother, and two sisters. He was able to make a recovery for her family of over $1.1 million. Mr. Warren states that "representing these clients was some of the most fulfilling work, professionally and personally, that he has performed. He was glad to have the opportunity to help people who had their lives drastically affected by the attacks of September 11, 2001. T. Vaden Warren, Jr. helped the victim's family to recover over $1.1 million.


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Manini Point House was built by Steve and Elizabeth as a beautiful Hawaiian style home in 2005. We hope you will feel at home at Manini Point House and will enjoy this wonderful paradise Island. Manini Point House is a 2 minute walk from Manini Beach on Kealakekua Bay, a very special place with its pristine waters and the beauty of the natural world surrounding you. We welcome a call from our guests for information about the Big island and personal needs while staying at Manini Point House.
3 BR / 3 BA / Sleeps 6
Left on Nov 22, 2013 for a stay in August 2013
The house is great, you feel home from the first moment. The beaches nearby are great and you will find everything you need! The owners are very helpful to make your stay more enjoyable and we enjoyed the days very much!


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... redefining 'terrorism'; Libya, from chaos to war; the IS brand of daily terror; 100 years on, the Armenians speak; US, nothing is as usual; an African Spring? Senegal, Burkina Faso, Nigeria; Sao Paulo's water crisis; India's giant, Tata in the 21st century; Algeria's harkis; dancing for Kobane... and more...
The doubling of petrol prices in 2012 was a turning point, sparking the biggest protests since independence.
One of Senegal's strongest youth movements, YEAM, has come out of the country's music scene. It's pro-democracy and anti-violence, and it is influencing the whole of the region.
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Le Monde diplomatique, originally published in French, has editions in 25 other languages


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Wrestling Forum : WWE, TNA, Debate League, Wrestling Videos, Women of Wrestling Forums
- Celebrities
- - Mandy Roe Update Living Room
Re: Mandy Roe Update Living Room
Swaggie, dear friend, do you like any ladies who don't look like they're skipping home-ec to take nude pictures?
Re: Mandy Roe Update Living Room
Mmm, that's how I like'em. :agree:
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It seems like every month lately, there are new shenanigans from PWSA.
In January, we had the mistaken decimal point water bills where consumers ended up with bills up to 100 times what they owed. The entirety of PWSA's customers also were notified that they were signed up for Utility Line Security.
Now, it's March. The latest twist? Probably due to the previous month's snafus, the billing period has been adjusted every month. I received my January bill on February 18. I paid it before its due date of March 10, but February's bills were sent out a scant 11 days later on March 1 and included a convenient late fee for my on-time payment. This late fee was 27 cents and was not actually itemized on my bill. You may say: Why quibble over 27 cents? I say at 83,000 customers, that's a nice $22,000 bonus for the PWSA for their poor service. If you think the PWSA deserves that extra bonus, feel free to do nothing. Or, like me, you can call (412) 255-2423 and give them a piece of your mind.
Or maybe that extra money is going to the out-sourced Malaysian company that is managing our water bills???
The $12 rain barrels at Construction Junction are starting to look mighty fine.
Make Knowledge, Not Widgets
2 hours ago