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...rtnered to look at this. Hopefully we'll have a long history together." This dual-campus project has since grown, though, to include a third. george Kondraske, PhD, professor of electrical and biomedical engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington and founding director of UTA's Human Perfor...Mutant Genes in High-Risk Childhood Leukemias Identified
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Jumble Game 5 LbNA # 57513
Owner | Silver Eagle |
Placed Date | Apr 20 2011 |
County | Harris |
Location | Collins Park, Spring, TX |
Boxes | 1 |
Found By | 2Grls1Guy (Attempted) |
Last Update | Jul 24 2011 |
*** Part of my Games Series ***
Terrain Difficulty: Easy (flat, 0.5 mile RT)
Recommended Ink: green
Status: alive
Jumble is a word puzzle where the letters of a word are "jumbled", or rearranged, and the solver must reconstruct the word. The game was created in 1954 and today it can be found in hundreds of newspapers. Words vary in size, with the hardest being 6 letters resulting in 720 possible combinations. I have created a Jumble for you to play and you must guess the word to see the letterbox clues. Good luck!


text: Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 63 (1), 137-143, 2011 DOI:10.2298/ABS1101137J SEX DIMORPHISM OF POSTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN ACETABULUM D. JEREMIĆ1, B. JOVANOVIĆ2, IVANA ŽIVANOVIĆ-MAČUŽIĆ1, GORDANA ĐORĐEVIĆ3, MAJA SAZDANOVIĆ4, M. ĐORĐEVIĆ2, P. SAZDANOVIĆ1, MAJA VULOVIĆ1 and J. TOŠEVSKI1 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia 2 Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia 3 Department of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia 4 Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia Abstract - The aim of this investigation was to examine normal acetabular morphometry, its sex dimorphism and the acetabular dysplasia rate in Serbian adults. For each hip, the centre-edge angle of Wiberg, the acetabular angle of Sharp, acetabular depth and acetabular roof obliquity were measured. The center-edge angle of Wiberg correlated negatively with the acetabular angle of Sharp and acetabular roof obliquity, but positively correlated with acetabular depth. Our results suggest that the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia in the Serbian population is lower than in Western countries. We con- firmed the existence of significant gender differences in acetabular morphology among the subjects of our study. These sex-related differences in acetabular morphology were the cause for more dysplastic female acetabula compared with male acetabula. Key words: Sex dimorphism, posture, acetabulum, acetabular dysplasia UDC 595.76:591.139:59 INTRODUCTION ica, acetabular dysplasia, coxarthrosis, gonarthrosis, varicose veins, etc.) (Toševski, Lečić Toševski, 2006). The erect posture assumed by humans is unique among primates. The maintenance of trunk balance More information is needed about the postural and improved stability in the upright posture of man parameters of the acetabulum of a normal hip joint, are achieved with the help of the large muscles of the including its shape, its depth at precise locations, and vertebral column, gluteal and abdominal muscles, the influence of age, sex and congenital morphol- and changes that have occurred on the vertebral col- ogy (Goker et al., 2003; Lanyon et al., 2003). As race, umn, hip, pelvis and blood vessels (Conroy, 1990, clime, heredity and geographical areas have strong Toševski, Lečić Toševski, 2006, Abitbol, 1995, 1988, influences over the anthropometric parameters of Schimpf, Tulikangas, 2005). The center of gravity in bones, the present study was undertaken to note the humans lies near the hip joint and the line of gravity average anatomical parameters of the acetabulum, falls slightly anterior to the ankle joint (Conroy, 1990, as part of the hip joint, in the Serbian population. Toševski, Lečić Toševski, 2006). It seems that only Knowledge of the anatomical parameters of the bony human bipedalism was successful, even though the components of the hip joint is very essential as it will upright posture of modern man was a direct cause of enable a better understanding of the etiopathogen- several inefficient biomechanical solutions and dis- esis of diseases like primary osteoarthrosis of hip eases that are entirely human (low back pain, sciat- joint. Also, knowledge of the various bony compo- 137 138 D. JEREMIĆ ET AL. nents of the hip joint will not only help the radiolo- gist but will also be of immense importance to ortho- paedicians and prosthetists in constructing suitable prostheses (Shiramizu et al., 2003, Rejholec, 2007). Awareness of the average dimensions of the hip joint bones in both sexes will also help in early detection of disputed sex by forensic expert. The purpose of this study was to examine normal acetabular morphometry, to determine sex differenc- es in the anatomical parameters of the acetabulum among asymptomatic subjects without structural change, and finally to evaluate the rate of acetabular His.1. Distribution of subjects in different age groups dysplasia in the Serbian population compared with those values from other countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS disorders such as Paget's disease, femoral head dis- ease, acquired deformities, unequivocal osteoarthri- We evaluated the hip joints of 370 individuals who tis of the hip, and evident osteophytes or cysts adja- were over the age of 20; 32 of them had been treated cent to the hip joint cavity. Films with incorrect pa- with physical procedures for fractures of the femoral tient positioning (misalignment of the sacrum-pubic neck and 338 had clinically normal hip joints. They symphysis vertical axis ≥1.5 cm) were also excluded. were 60.0% males (222) and 40.0% females (148). The average age was 50.8 years (from 21 to 65); bro- An antero-posterior (AP) radiograph was used ken down by decades, the twenties 16.2% (60), thir- to measure the radiography of a hip joint. Patients ties 14.8% (55), forties 6.7% (25), fifties 32.4% (120) were placed in a supine position with legs extended and over-sixties 29.7% (110) (Table 1, His. 1). and internally rotated 15°, with a distance of 100,.0 cm between the x-ray source and the radiographic Table 1. Age groups of evaluated population film. The central radiographic ray was aligned to be Age (yrs) No. of males No. of females Total no. perpendicular to the cassette, entering 5.00 cm su- perior to the pubic symphysis. All measurements 20-29 56 4 60 were made using a new Plexiglass instrument, the ar- 30-39 42 13 55 thrometer, which is comprised of a ruler and protrac- 40-49 19 6 25 tor for measuring hip architectural angles (Lequesne, Morvan, 2002). Interpretations were performed by a 50-59 55 65 120 physiatrist trained in the radiographic appearance of 60-65 50 60 110 acetabular morphology and acetabular dysplasia. Total 222 148 370 A retrospective study was performed for the ra- diography of patients treated by physical procedures and a prospective study was done for all the radiog- Patients with a known hip disease or pain located raphy of clinically normal hip joints. in the hip region, including ambiguous pain prob- ably of lumbar origin but irradiating to the region of To measure the morphology of the acetabulum, the greater trochanter, groin or thigh, were excluded the anatomical structure of the hip joint was assessed from this study. We also excluded patients with bone by measurement of the acetabular angle of Sharp, SEX DIMORPHISM OF POSTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN ACETABULUM 139 All measurements of the anatomical param- eters of the acetabulum were performed by a single reader. Statistic analysis Sex related differences of the anatomical parameters of the acetabulum were assessed by paired samples t- test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between the various meas- urement and age. SPSS statistical software for Win- dows version 15.0 was used for all calculations. A p value of <0.5 is considered significant. Fig. 1. (A) The center-edge angle of Wiberg - DCE, acetabular roof obliquity - GFE; (B) Acetabular depth – segment ˝ab˝ RESULTS The acetabular angle was 38.3±3.6° in the group of center-edge angle of Wiberg, acetabular depth and patients in their twenties, 38.0±3.4° in their thirties, acetabular roof obliquity (Fig. 1). 37.8±5.5° in their forties, 38.0±4.5° in their fifties and 38.5±3.2° in the over-sixties. The average acetabular The acetabular angle is formed by the angle be- angle was 38.0±3.8° (37.5±3.6° in males, 38.5±3.9° in tween a line connecting the left and right sides of the females). pelvic tear drop and a line joining the lateral edge of the acetabular roof and the inferior tip of the pelvic The Wiberg angle was 32.9±5.5° in the group of tear drop (Fig. 1A), (Cooperman et al., 1983; Delau- patients in their twenties, 33.4±6.5° in the thirties, nay et al., 1997). 32.2±6.9° in the forties, 33.8±7.2° in the fifties and 32.8±6.3° in the over-sixties. The average Wiberg an- The Wiberg angle is formed by the angle between gle was 33.5±6.5° (33.6±5.8° in males, 33.3±6.9° in a line connecting the center of the femoral head and females). lateral margin on the acetabular roof and a perpen- dicular line joining the center of the two femoral The acetabular depth was 12.8±2.6 mm in the heads (Fig. 1B), (Smith et al., 1995). The center of the group of patients in their twenties, 12.4±2.6 mm in femoral head was determined with the aid of a trans- the thirties, 11.9±2.7 mm in the forties, 11.6±2.8 mm parent plastic sheet marked with concentric circles. in the fifties and 11.1±2.6 mm in the over-sixties. The mean acetabular depth was 11.9±2.8 mm (12.5±2.7 The acetabular depth is the longest vertical dis- mm in males, 11.2±2.7 mm in females). tance between a line joining the lateral acetabular margin and the upper margin of the symphysis pubis The acetabular roof obliquity was 5.5±4.4° in the on the same side and the acetabular roof (Fig. 1B), group of patients in their twenties, 6.9±5.7° in the (Smith et al., 1995). thirties, 8.2±5.5° in the forties, 8.1±6.0° in the fifties and 9.3±6.0° in the over-sixties. The mean acetabu- The acetabular roof obliquity is defined as the an- lar roof obliquity was 7.6±5.7° (6.2±4.9° in males, gle between a line connecting the lateral edge of the 9.0±6.0° in females). acetabular roof and the lower iliac tip of the acetabu- lar surface and a line parallel to the pelvic tear drop There were significant differences in the acetab- (Fig. 1A), (Delaunay et al., 1997). ular depth and acetabular roof obliquity (p<0.01), 140 D. JEREMIĆ ET AL. whereas no significant differences were found in lar dysplasia, was defined as less than 25 degrees, the Wiberg angle and acetabular angle related to an abnormal acetabular depth as less than 9 mm age (p>0.05). The acetabular angle, acetabular depth (Delaunay et al., 1997; Lequesne, Morvan, 2002; and acetabular roof obliquity differed significantly Wiberg, 1939), an acetabular angle of more than by gender, while no significant differences were ob- 45° (44° in males; 45° in females). Low values of served in the Wiberg angle related to gender (Tables acetabular depth and Wiberg angle, reflecting an 2, 3). abnormally shallow and abnormally laterally dis- placed acetabulum, characterize acetabular dyspla- To understand the relationship between the sia (Tan et al., 2001). The dysplasia was categorized Wiberg angle, acetabular angle, acetabular depth and as severe (a lateral center-edge angle-Wiberg angle acetabular roof obliquity, we compared the data us- of ≤ 5°), moderate (a lateral center-edge angle of 6° ing the Pearson correlation coefficient. Therefore, the to 15°), or absent or mild (a lateral center-edge an- acetabular depth (r =0.60, p<0.01), was significantly gle of >15°). increased compared with the Wiberg angle, whereas the acetabular angle (r = -0.65, p<0.01) and acetabu- The proportion of acetabular dysplasia was 2.9% lar roof obliquity (r = -0.66, p<0.01), were signifi- overall (2.2% in males; 3.6% in females). cantly decreased. The values between two standard deviations from the mean represented a normal DISCUSSION range (95% confidence). The center-edge angle, as described by Wiberg, is Following the approach used in previous stud- the most important measurement on the AP view of ies, an abnormal Wiberg angle indicating acetabu- the pelvis, because an abnormal center-edge angle Table 2. Value of each parameter of the acetabulum by age-decades of evaluated subjects Age 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-65 p value Wiberg angle 32,9±5,5 33,4±6,5 32,2±6,9 33,8±7,2 32,8±6,3 >0,05 AA 38,3±3,6 38,0±3,4 37,8±5,5 38,0±4,5 38,5±3,2 >0,05 AD 12,8±2,6 12,4±2,6 11,9±2,7 11,6±2,8 11,1±2,6 <0,01* ARO 5,5±4,4 6,9±5,7 8,2±5,5 8,1±6,0 9,3±6,0 <0,01* * Significant difference The values are mean ± standard deviation. Wiberg angle (degree), AA: Acetabular angle (degree), AD: Acetabular depth (mm), ARO: Acetabular roof obliquity (degree) Table 3. Values of each parameter of acetabulum by gender of evaluated subjects Acetabular parameters Male Female p value Total Wiberg angle 33,6±5,8 33,3±6,9 >0,05 33,5±6,5 AA 37,5±3,6 38,5±3,9 <0,01* 38,0±3,8 AD 12,5±2,7 11,2±2,7 <0,01* 11,9±2,8 ARO 6,2±4,9 9,0±6,0 <0,01* 7,6±5,7 * Significant difference The values are mean±one standard deviation. Wiberg angle (degree), AA: Acetabular angle of Sharp (degree), AD: Acetabular depth (mm), ARO: Acetabular roof obliquity (degree) SEX DIMORPHISM OF POSTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN ACETABULUM 141 is diagnostic of acetabular dysplasia. This angle is Based on Nakamura's report, the average used to assess the superior and lateral coverage of acetabular angle of Sharp in Japan was 38.0±3.6° the femoral head by the bony acetabulum. Wiberg (37.3±3.7° in males, 38.6±3.4° in females) (Naka- reports normal values above 25°, values between 20° mura et al., 1989). Lavy et al. reported that the aver- and 25° are considered to be borderline, and a cent- age acetabular angle in Malawi (sub-Saharan Afri- er-edge angle of less than 20° is considered diagnos- ca) was 36.9±4.0° in males and 38.6±4.9° in females tic of acetabular dysplasia (Delaunay et al., 1997). (Lavy et al., 2003). From these results it can be seen The center-edge angle of Wiberg may not provide an that Malawian female acetabulae in their study accurate measurement for the following reasons: 1) population are more dysplastic than that of males. the center point of a deformed femoral head cannot Umer et al. reported that the mean acetabular an- be located accurately, 2) subluxation, or simple loss gle in the Singaporean population was 39.5±6.0° of joint space alters the Wiberg angle, and 3) sub- (range 10-58 degrees) (Umer et al., 2006). Jacob- luxation of the contralateral hip affects the Wiberg sen et al. reported that the mean acetabular angle angle. Therefore, the acetabular angle and acetabu- in the Danish population of the right and left hips lar depth were used for the diagnosis of acetabular was 37.0±3.5° and 37.0±3.5° in males and 39.1±3.7° dysplasia to compensate for the limitation of the and 38.0±3.8° in females (Jacobsen et al., 2005). Wiberg angle. Nakamura et al. reported that the av- Our study showed that the average acetabular angle erage Wiberg angle in the population of Japan was was 38.0±3.8° (37.5±3.6° in males, 38.5±3.9° in fe- 32.2±6.4° (32.2±6.9° in males, 32.1±6.0° in females), males). No significant differences in age and gender and Yoshimura et al. reported the following values were observed. Therefore, we found that the average of Wiberg angle: 30.9±6.4° in males, 31.5±7.9° in acetabular angle in our study was similar to those females (Nakamura et al., 1989; Yoshimura et al., of Japan, Denmark and Malawian females and dif- 1994). Lau et al. reported that the average Wiberg ferent from those of Singaporean population and angle in the Chinese population was 35.5±6.4° and Malawian males. Croft et al. reported that the average in England was 36.2±6.9° (Lau et al. 1995; Croft et al., 1991). Umer The acetabular index of depth to width evalu- et al. reported that the mean center-edge angle in ates the depth of the acetabulum. In a comparison the Singaporean population was 31.2±7.9° (range between normal and dysplastic hips with osteoar- 5-52 degrees) (Umer et al., 2006). Jacobsen et al. re- thritis, all normal hips were shown to have acetab- ported that the mean Wiberg angle in Denmark of ular index values over 38° (Delaunay et al., 1997). the right and left hips was 35.0±7.3° and 34.0±7.4° Murray reported another method, acetabular depth in males and 35.0±7.4° and 35.0±7.8° in females to compensate for the inaccuracy of the Wiberg an- (Jacobsen et al., 2005). Goker et al. presented that gle which was caused by the formation of a bony the mean Wiberg angle in the Turkish population spur on the lateral margin of the acetabulum and was 34.5±7.4° in males and 35.0±7.0° in females displacement of the femoral head (Murray, 1965). If (Goker et al., 2005). Saikia et al. reported that the the acetabular depth is less than 9 mm this is con- mean center-edge angle in the Indian population sidered to be acetabular dysplasia. Lau et al. present- was 32.7° (Saikia et al., 2008). Our study showed ed that the mean acetabular depth in the Chinese that the average center-edge angle was 33.5±6.5° population was 11.8 mm and Croft et al. presented (33.6±5.8° in males, 33.3±6.9° in females). There- that it was 14.4 mm in the English population (Lau fore, we found that the degree of center-edge angle et al. 1995; Croft et al., 1991). The depth value of in our study was less than that in the study of the our study was 11.9±2.8 mm (12.5±2.7 mm in males, hip joint of the Chinese, English, Danish and Turk- 11.2±2.7 mm in females). Therefore, we found that ish populations, and was greater than that in the the average acetabular depth in our study was simi- study of the hip joint of the Japanese, Singaporean lar to that of the Chinese population and different and Indian populations. from that of the English population. However, since 142 D. JEREMIĆ ET AL. the value of acetabular depth decreased with an ular angle of Sharp, acetabular depth, acetabular roof increase in age, and the value for females was less obliquity and their correlation to acetabular dyspla- than that for males, acetabular depth may not be a sia. We confirmed the existence of significant gender good measure of acetabular dysplasia. differences among the subjects of our study. These sex-related differences in acetabular morphology Acetabular roof obliquity is used to evaluate the were the cause for more dysplastic female acetabulae, orientation of the acetabular roof in a coronal plane compared with male acetabulae. Our data suggest and the superior lateral coverage of the femoral head. that the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is lower in Normal values are 10° and under; values above 10° are the Serbian population than in Western countries. frequently found in acetabular dysplasia (Delaunay et al., 1997). Acetabular roof obliquity was normal if REFERENCES the angle was less than 30° under one year of age, if Abitbol, M.M. (1988). Evolution of the ischial spine and of the the angle was less than 25° between the age of 1 and pelvic floor in the hominoidea. American Journal of Physi- 3, and if the angle was less than 20° from the age of cal Anthropology, 75(1), 53-67. 3 to adulthood (Massie, Howorth, 1950). The report Abitbol, M.M. (1995). Speculation on posture, locomotion, en- of Nakamura et al. showed that the Japanese average ergy consumption and blood flow in early hominids. Gait acetabular roof obliquity was 4.4±5.1° (4.6±4.1° in & Posture, 3(1), 29-37. males, 5.4±4.5° in females) (Nakamura et al., 1989). Aktas, S., Pekindil, G., Ercan, S., and Y. Pekindil (2000). Acetabu- Umer et al. reported that the mean acetabular angle lar dysplasia in normal Turkish adults. Bull Hosp Jt Dis, in the Singaporean population was 7.9±6.5° (7.8±6.5° 59, 158-162. in males, 7.8±6.8° in females) (Umer et al., 2006), Ali-Gombe, A., Croft, P.R., and A.J. Silman (1996). Osteoarthri- whereas our study indicated the average was 7.6±5.7° tis of the hip and acetabular dysplasia in Nigerian men. J (6.2±4.9° in males, 9.0±6.0° in females). Interesting- Rheumatol, 23, 512-515. ly, we observed the values of males were significantly Conroy, C.G. (1990). Primate Evolution, 332–333. W W Norton lower than those of females and a discrepancy was & Company, New York. observed between different ages. However, it may not Cooperman, D.R., Wallensten, R., and S.D. Stulberg (1983). Ac- be a good diagnostic method for acetabular dysplasia etabular dysplasia in the adult. Clin Orthop, 175, 79- 85. because of the differences between ages and sex and Croft, P., Cooper, C., Wickham, C., and D. Coggon (1991). Os- its high standard deviation. teoarthritis of the hip and acetabular dysplasia. Ann Rheum Dis, 50, 308-310. The prevalence of acetabular dysplasia has been Delaunay, S., Dussault, R.G., Kaplan, P.A., and B.A. Alford (1997). reported as 1.1% in Hong Kong (Lau et al. 1995), Radiographic measurements of dysplastic adult hips. Skel- 3.3% in Nigerian men (Ali-Gombe et al., 1996), 3.4% etal Radiol, 26, 75-81. in white females in Britain (Lane et al., 1997), 3.8% in Goker, B., Sancak, A., Arac, M., Shott, S., and J.A. Block (2003). another British population (Cooperman et al., 1983), The radiographic joint space width in clinically normal 1.8% in the Korean population (Han et al., 1998), hips: effects of age, gender and physical parameters. Os- 2.4% in the Turkish population (Aktas et al., 2000) teoarthritis Cartilage, 11, 328-334. and 1.44% in the Saudi Arabian population (Moussa, Goker, B., Sancak, A., and S. Haznedaroglu (2005). Radiographic Alomran, 2007). In our study, the prevalence was hip osteoarthritis and acetabular dysplasia in Turkish men 2.9% (2.2% in males; 3.6% in females). This suggests and women. Rheumatol Int, 25, 419-422. the prevalence of acetabular dysplasia is higher in the Han, C.D., Yoo, J.H., Lee, W.S., and W.S. Choe (1998). Radio- Serbian than in the Asian population and less than in graphic parameters of acetabular dysplasia in Korean Western countries. adults. Yonsei Med J, 39, 404-408. Jacobsen, S., Sonne-Holm, S., Soballe, K., Gebuhr, P., and B. Lund In summary, we analyzed the radiological char- (2005). Hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Acta Orthopae- acteristics of the center-edge angle of Wiberg, acetab- dica, 76(2), 149-158. SEX DIMORPHISM OF POSTURAL PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN ACETABULUM 143 Lane, N.E., Nevitt, M.C., Cooper, C., Pressman, A., Gore, R., and Saikia, K.C., Bhuyan, S.K., and R. Rongphar (2008). Anthropo- M. Hochberg (1997). Acetabular dysplasia and osteoarthri- metric study of the hip joint in Northeastern region popu- tis of the hip in elderly white women. Ann Rheum Dis, 56, lation with computed tomography scan. Indian J Orthop, 627-630. 42(3), 260-266. Lanyon, P., Muir, K., Doherty, S., and M. Doherty (2003). Age Schimpf, M., and P. Tulikangas (2005). Evolution of the female and sex differences in hip joint space among asymptom- pelvis and relationships to pelvic organe prolapse. Interna- atic subjects without structural change: implications tional Urogynecology Journal, 16(4), 315–320. for epidemiological studies. Arthritis Rheum, 48, 1041- Shiramizu, K., Naito, M., and M. Yatsunami (2003). Quantitative 1046. anatomic characterisation of the pelvic brim to facilitate Lau, E.M.C., Lin, F., Lam, D., Silman, A., and P. Croft (1995). Hip internal fixation through an anterior approach. Journal of osteoarthritis and dysplasia in Chinese men. Ann Rheum Orthopaedic Surgery, 11(2), 137-140. Dis, 54L, 965-969. Smith, P.W., Coggon, D., Cawley, M.I.D., and C. Cooper (1995). Lavy, C.B.D., Msamati B.C., and P.S. Igbigbi (2003). Racial and Osteoarthritis of the hip joint and acetabular dysplasia in gender variation in adult hip morphology. International women. Ann Rheum Dis, 54, 179-181. Orthopaedics (SICOT), 27, 331-333. Tan, L., Aktas, S., Copuroglu, C., Ozcan, M., and M. Ture (2001). Lequesne, M., and G. Morvan (2002). Description of the poten- Reliability of radiological parameters measured on antero- tial of an arthrometer for standard and reduced radio- posterior pelvis radiographs of patients with developmen- graphs suitable to measurement of angles and segments tal dysplasia of the hip. Acta Ortpodedica Belgica, 67(4), of hip, knee, foot and joint space widths. Joint Bone Spine, 374 - 379. 69, 282-92. Toševski, J., and D. Lečić Toševski (2006). Concealed female ex- Massiem W.K., and M.B. Howorth (1950). Congenital dislocation ternal genitals: Possible morpho-psychological clue to of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg, 32-A, 519-531. unique emotional and cognitive evolutionary matrix of man. Med Sci Monit, 12(5), 11-19. Moussa, M., and A. Alomran (2007). Acetabular dysplasia in adult hips of a Saudi population. Saudi Med J, 28(7), 1059- Umer, M., Thambyah, A., Tan, W.T.J., and S. Das De (2006). Ac- 1061. etabular morphometry for determining hip dysplasia in the Singaporean population. Journal of Orthopaedic Sur- Murray, R.O. (1965). The etiology of primary osteoarthritis of gery, 14(1), 27-31. the hip. Br J Radiol, 38, 810-824. Wiberg, G. (1939). Studies on dysplastic acetabulae and congeni- Nakamura, S., Ninomiya, S., and T. Nakamura (1989). Primary tal subluxation of the hip joint. Acta Orthop Scand (Suppl), osteoarthritis of the hip joint in Japan. Clin Orthop, 241, 58, 1-132. 190-196. Yoshimura, N., Campbell, L., Hashimoto, T., Kinoshita, H., Okaya- Rejholec, M. (2007). Combined pelvic osteotomy for deformed su, T., Egger, P., Coggon, D., Croft, P., and C. Cooper (1994). dysplastic acetabula: a 5 year prospective study. Journal of Acetabular dysplasia in Britain and Japan. Br J Rheumatol, Orthopaedic Surgery, 3, 347-351 33 (suppl.), 102.


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Ok whenever i get post news a scroll bar pops down and has recent news post i have made.
Here how to see it: post news on a chapter then post it agian and type the first letter of your recent last news post in the title bar!
first post
title--- New halo
2nd post
title--- N
bar will pop down saying 'New halo"
is this new or is this just new to me!
[Edited on 8/11/2004 5:11:52 PM]


text:
What Cruz's situation means for Dez Bryant
Dez Bryant says 'no more games, no more wondering, I know what I'm doing'
ARLINGTON — Dez Bryant says he has a different mindset entering his fourth NFL season. The Dallas Cowboys wide receiver now looks at himself as a veteran. "There's no more games, no more wondering," Bryant said Wednesday while participating with CSource: dallasnews.com
Dez Bryant says he's catching ball better despite injured finger
Dallas Cowboys receiver Dez Bryant broke the index finger on his left hand early in December but elected to play through it with the Cowboys still in the playoff hunt. He had surgery on the finger after the season but knew that delaying the procedure wi…Source: profootballtalk.com


text: Valuation of Stocks and Company Valuation Econ 181 Corporate Finance Wadia Haddaji Department of Economics Duke University RK-CH 1 Overview Introduction » Stocks and stock markets » Transactions & Orders Valuation: » Present Value » Dividend growth models Financial ratios » Dividend yields » P/E multiples 2 Common Stock What does it mean to own common stock? » ownership » residual claimants. What rights do common shareholders have? » vote at company meetings » dividends » sell their shares What are the benefits of stock ownership? » dividends » capital gains Why do firms issue stock? » to finance investments » to acquire other companies » to repurchase debt 3 Preferred Stock: Debt or Equity? What does it mean to own preferred stock? » ownership » senior to equity, junior to debt securities in case of default What rights do preferred shareholders have? » usually no voting rights, except in case of default on dividend » dividends and other distributions What are the benefits of preferred stock ownership? » periodic dividend rate, typically cumulative » capital gains Why do firms issue preferred stock? » often because of the favorable tax treatment when held by other firms 4 Transactions Involving Stocks Buy (Long Position) Savings motive Speculative Sell Liquidity needs Expect stock to decline in value Short Sell Sell stock without first owning it. Borrow stock from your broker with the promise to return it at some later date. Sell the borrowed stock. Repurchase it at a later date to return it to your broker. Responsible for all dividends and other distributions while short the stock. 5 Short selling (in detail) Why Short Sell? Short Selling is one way of benefiting from a stock that is expected to decline in price. » Instead of buying today and selling later, the short seller sells today and buys later. How to Short Sell? The short-seller (A) finds an existing owner of the shares (B) who is willing and able to lend the shares to A. Once A has negotiated a loan, A can then sell the borrowed shares to any willing buyer (C). A posts collateral with B. In the US, the standard collateral is cash amounting to 102 per cent of the value of the shares, to be adjusted daily as their value fluctuates. » Note though that under Federal Reserve Regulation T, in case where B is a U.S. broker/dealer A has to post an additional 50% margin (any long securities can be pledged to satisfy this requirement). Further, broker- dealers may institute higher short sale margin requirements than those imposed by self-regulatory organization rules. e.g., the NASD Rule 2520(d) and NYSE Rule 431(d). 6 Short selling (in detail) A pays B a fee. The fee can be determined by the "rebate" rate, which is the interest that B pays A for use of the cash collateral. For example, if the market rate for cash funds were 5% and the stock loan fee were 1.5% then B would rebate A only 3.5%. (Note that is it possible to have fees that exceed the cash rate, which would result in negative rebate rates). A pays B any dividends/distributions made to the owners of the shares during the loan. B has the right to recall the shares from A at any time. Loans are "open" and effectively rolled over each night until either B wants the shares returned or A voluntarily returns them. Given notice of recall, A has three days to return the shares. After this, A can try borrowing the shares from another lender or can "cover" the short position by purchasing the shares. 7 Short selling (in detail) Who are the Participants? The role of B (the lenders) is largely assumed by the big custody banks in the U.S. who act as intermediaries for large institutional owners like pension funds, mutual funds etc. Loans of shares can also be made by a broker from his own inventory, from the margin account of another customer, or shares borrowed from another broker. These shares are used to make settlement with the buying broker within three days of the short sale transaction, and the proceeds are used to secure the loan. Another group that assume the role of B (lenders) consists of the broker-dealers (e.g. Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley). These broker-dealers lend from their internal supply of securities held by their market makers and proprietary trading desks, the accounts of institutional customers, and the margin accounts of individual investors. » Note that Section 8 of the Exchange Act of 1934 prohibits brokers from lending shares held in retail cash or non-margin accounts. The role of A (the short-sellers) is assumed by a broader group. More obvious examples include: » Specialists and market makers (for balancing buy orders with sell orders) » Traders of equity options, index futures, equity return swaps and convertible bonds (for hedging their positions) » Hedge Funds (to execute "arbitrage" strategies) » Speculators 8 Short selling (in detail) The NYSE, NASD and AMEX reported short interest (the number of shares that have already been sold short) with a market value in excess of $260 billion (just over 1.7% of total market capitalization) at June 2001. Shorting is subject to many restrictions on the size, price, and types of stocks able to be shorted. For example, you cannot short sell penny stocks (they are non-marginable due to Regulation T) and most short sales need to be done in round lots. Additionally, the SEC, NYSE and NASD have rules preventing short selling unless the last trade is at the same or higher price (known as an uptick or zero plus tick), the purpose of which is to prevent short selling in a declining market (since continuous short selling will exacerbate the fall of a falling stock). Equity loans can occur for reasons other than short selling. For instance in cases where A borrows from B but then doesn't short to C, A is treated as the legal owner of the shares and is therefore entitled to the dividends distributed during the course of the loan (which, as previously mentioned, are required to be reimbursed by A to B). This might happen in cases where A values the distribution received more than the reimbursements given (for taxation reasons, for example) In lending, B forfeits voting rights to A (to C in the case of the short sale). 9 Types of Orders Market Orders » Buy or sell at the current market price Limit Order » Buy or sell at a specified price » Limit by time period Stop Orders » Stop-loss: Sell if price falls below certain level » Stop-buy: Buy if price rises above certain level – Used in conjunction with short selling 10 Valuation The Role of Financial Markets Primary Market Secondary Market New securities and investment Provide price information opportunities. Transform (short term) savings into (long term) investments Liquidity Companies need to acquire Investors need to buy and sell at funds at a "correct" price "correct" prices What is a correct price? Do markets generate correct prices? 11 Stock Market Indices Return to holding a security: Pricenew Priceold Cash Return Priceold Stock market indices: average return » of stocks in particular market (NYSE Composite, NASDAQ) » market segments (e. g., small companies (Russell 2000), value stocks, technology stocks) General expression: RIndex iN1 wi Ri » Equally weighted wi = 1/N (Value Line Index) – Equal to portfolio strategy placing equal dollar amount in each stock » Value weighted wi = proportion of market capitalization (S&P500,NASDAQ) – Return on portfolio where investment is proportional to market capitalization. » Price weighted (DJIA) – Equal to portfolio strategy holding an equal number of shares of each stock 12 U. S. Stock Markets Major U. S. Stock Exchanges New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) American Stock Exchange (AMEX) Over-The-Counter (OTC) » National Association of Securities Dealers (NASDAQ) U. S. Stock Market: Value Value Value Value Stock Index 10/12/06 7/01/05 6/30/04 7/04/03 Dow Jones Industrial 11,851.33 10,303.44 10,424.19 9,070.21 NASDAQ 2,309.40 2,057.37 2,041.25 1,663.46 S&P500 1,350.21 1,194.44 1,138.58 985.7 NYSE Composite* 8,540.86 7,245.59 6,592.68 558.46 AMEX Composite 1,862.42 1,554.74 1,247.45 976.16 Russell 2000 742.48 643.04 590.03 546.35 *The NYSE Composite index was recalculated to reflect a base value of 5,000 as of Dec/31, 2002 13 Number of Listed Companies on Nasdaq, Yearly Comparison with NYSE and AMEX 14 Market Capitalization of Domestically Listed Companies - NYSE and NASDAQ, 1985 – 2003 ($ billions) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 NYSE NASDAQ 15 16 Why "short-termists" are "long-termists" Shareholders require a rate of return re for buying a share. They buy for P0 and sell after one year for P1 and receive dividends D1: D P P0 1 1 1 re The next buyer also sells after one year: D2 P2 D D P2 P P0 1 2 1 re 1 re 1 re 2 1 The same holds for P2. Continuing gives: D1 D2 D3 P0 ... 1 re 1 r e 1 re 2 3 Share price = PV of dividends 17 Stock Valuation Stock Price = PV of future dividends » The price an investor is willing to pay for a share of stock depends upon: – Magnitude and timing of expected future dividends. – Risk of the stock. » The stock's discount rate, re, is the rate of return investors can expect to earn on securities with similar risk. » Where are capital gains? 18 Another Application: Estimating the required return on equity Holders of stock receive returns in two forms: » Dividend payouts » Capital gains (stock price appreciation P1-P0) D1 P P0 re 1 P0 P0 – typically larger fraction of returns » Capital gain reflects growth in future dividend payments Note: » The expected rate of return is not equal to the dividend yield » The expression is in terms of the prospective yield, not the historic yield 19 The "Constant Growth" Formula Assumption: Dividends grow at a constant rate g forever: D2 D1 (1 g ), Dt Dt 1 (1 g ) ... D1 (1 g ) t 1 D0 (1 g ) t Then: D 1 g t 1 D D (1 g ) D1 P0 1 1 ... 1 ... 1 re (1 re ) 2 1 re t re g Prospective Dividend per Share Share Price Expected return - growth rate Issues: » constant growth 20 Simplifying the Dividend Discount Model Constant Dividends g 0 D1 D2 ... D Then the pricing relation simplifies to: D D P0 P Pt ... 1 re re P0 » Stock similar to perpetual bond If dividends are constant, then we have that: Capital gains are zero Expected return on equity = Dividend yield 21 Constant Dividends Two Examples Example 1: RJR Nabisco has preferred stock outstanding with a fixed dividend per share of $2.50. Similar securities command a return of 9.6%. What is the per share price of the stock? Example 2: Consider a company that pays every period a dividend of: » $3 per share in bad years (Probability = 50%) » $15 per share in good years (Probability = 50%) If the required rate of return is 18%, what is the share price? 22 Valuation with Growing Dividends An Example: Valuation of XYZ Consider data for XYZ: » Number of shares: 856,695 » Market capitalization $46.31m » Historic dividend $1.60 per share » Forecasted Dividend: $1.75 per share – What valuation do you obtain for XYZ, depending on g and r? 23 Valuation of XYZ Alternative valuations: Growth Rate (g) Return (re) 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 7% $37.48 $49.97 $74.96 $149.92 N/A 8% $29.98 $37.48 $49.97 $74.96 $149.92 9% $24.99 $29.98 $37.48 $49.97 $74.96 10% $21.42 $24.99 $29.98 $37.48 $49.97 11% $18.74 $21.42 $24.99 $29.98 $37.48 12% $16.66 $18.74 $21.42 $24.99 $29.98 Example: 856,695*$1.75=$1.499m Dforecast $1.499m MCAPXYZ $37.48m rXYZ g XYZ 0.09 0.05 24 Valuing a Business A Hybrid Approach Sometimes equity analysts have knowledge about the immediate, but not the distant future » Dividend forecasts for immediate future (2-5 years) » Assume constant growth for distant future (>5 years) » How do you change the model? Dividends Time 25 Modifying the Constant Growth Model The formula for a T-year horizon can be written as: t T Dt PT P0 t 1 1 re t 1 re T Apply the constant growth model to get the price in period T: 1 g DT DT 1 PT re g re g Then the current value of the share is: Dt 1 DT 1 P0 t 1 t T 1 re t 1 re T re g 26 Valuing a Business Consider a company with cash flows from operations of $1 million for the most recent year. » The company's cash flows are expected to grow at a rate of 10% for the next 5 years and at a constant rate of 5% thereafter. » To generate this increase in cash flows, the company is required to reinvest 50% of its cash flows for the first 5 years and 25% of its cash flows thereafter. » Given the risk of the business, the required rate of return is 15%. What is the value of the business? 27 Valuing a Business (cont.) Step 1: Find the present value of the first 5 dividends. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Operating Cash Flows 1.10 1.21 1.33 1.46 1.61 New Capital Investment -0.55 -0.61 -0.67 -0.73 -0.81 Net Cash Flow (Div) 0.55 0.60 0.66 0.73 0.80 Present Value 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.40 Present value= CF(1)+...+CF(5)=0.48+0.45+0.43+0.42+0.40=2.18 28 Valuing a Business (Cont.) Step 2: Find the present value of the dividends after year 5. » Value of business at the end of the 5th year. » Find present value (as of time 0) of this figure. Step 3: Add result from steps 1 and 2 to get the total present value of the company 29 Expected Returns and the Dividend Growth Model Use the growth model formula to solve for the required rate of return: D re 1 g P0 Note that you can synthesize with the previous result, D PP re 1 1 0 P0 P0 to show: P1 P0 g P1 1 g P0 P0 Therefore, if dividends grow at a constant rate, then » share prices grow at the same rate: P 1 g P0 1 » yield stays constant: D1 D2 ... P0 P1 30 P/E-ratios Start with basic pricing formula: D1 dE1 D1 P0 where d Payout Ratio re g re g E1 Algebra yields: P0 d E1 re g » Which assumption does one make when arguing that stocks with a low P/E are undervalued? Some more algebra gives us: E1 re d g P0 » Implications for re? 31 Growth Stocks and Value Stocks Value of stock depends on two components: » Profits generated by assets in place, past capital budgeting decisions » Profits generated by growth opportunities in the future Decompose value of stock: E1 gP 1 d E1 P 0 0 re re gP 1 d E1 PVGO 0 re P/E Ratio P 1 PVGO 0 E1 re E1 32 Historical and Prospective Ratios: Expected values have to be estimated Use model to forecast future yields or multiples: D1 1 g D0 E1 1 g E0 Historic: P0 d 1 g D0 re g , E0 re g P0 1 g Prospective: P0 d D1 , re g E1 re g P0 Example d = 0.5, g = 10%, r = 12% » Prospective: DY=2.0%, PE=25 » Historic: DY=1.81%, PE=27.5 33 Historical Yields and Growth You can use the expression for the historic yield to infer the growth rate: r D0 P0 Expected return Yield g e 1 D0 P0 1 Yield Consider the "Alphabet" industry: DEF ABC XYZ MCAP ($million) 30.92 40.71 46.31 No. of shares 702,500 1,187,000 856,695 Share Price $44.01 $34.30 $54.06 Dividend p. share $1.35 $1.43 $1.60 Dividend Yield 3.07% 4.17% 2.96% EPS $5.03 $3.72 $6.06 P/E ratio 8.75 9.22 8.92 34 Growth rates in the Industry Infer growth rate in the "Alphabet" industry Expected Returns Implied growth rates DEF ABC XYZ 9% 5.76% 4.64% 5.87% 10% 6.73% 5.60% 6.84% 11% 7.70% 6.56% 7.81% 12% 8.67% 7.52% 8.78% 13% 9.64% 8.48% 9.75% 14% 10.61% 9.44% 10.72% 15% 11.58% 10.40% 11.69% Example: 0.12 0.0417 g ABC Exp. ret .12% 0.0752 7.52% 1.0417 35 Valuing a Company Using P/E-Multiples The three steps of using P/E multiples company valuation 1 Find sample of comparable companies 2 Compute average of their P/E ratios 3 Multiply earnings by average P/E from step 2. Example: Value XYZ » Use ABC and DEF as comparables » Average P/E=(8.75+9.22)/2=8.99 » Estimated value of XYZ share=8.99*$6.06=$54.45 » Market price per share is $54.06 (= 46.31m/856,695) 36 Valuation Ratios and Stock Market Outlook Stock market valuation ratios have been at extreme levels a few years ago by historical standards. When stock prices are very high relative to indicators of fundamental values (such as dividends and earnings), prices tend to fall in the future ... Consider two measures of fundamental values: – (i) dividend-price ratio (D/P ratio), or dividend yield. – (ii) price-earnings ratio (P/E ratio). 37 Valuation Ratios and Stock Market Outlook (continued) The dividend-price ratio is measured as previous year's total dividends divided by current stock price » D/P ratios have normally moved in the range from 3% to 7% (with an extreme of much less than 2% a few years ago). The price-earnings ratio is measured as current stock price divided by previous year's total earnings » P/E ratios have normally moved in the range 8–20. » Graham and Dodd (1934) said that one should use an average of earnings of "no less than five years, preferably seven or ten years". 38 P/E ratio 1880-2003 50 45 40 Price-Earnings Ratio 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 80 90 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 Year Source: Robert Shiller 39 Dividend yield 18 81 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18 .01 84 Source: Robert Shiller 18 .04 87 .0 18 7 90 18 .1 94 18 .01 97 19 .04 00 .0 19 7 03 19 .1 07 19 .01 10 19 .04 13 .0 19 7 16 19 .1 20 19 .01 23 19 .04 26 .0 19 7 29 19 .1 33 19 .01 36 19 .04 39 .0 19 7 42 19 .1 46 Year 19 .01 49 19 .04 52 .0 19 7 55 19 .1 59 19 .01 62 19 .04 65 .0 19 7 68 19 .1 D/P ratio 1880-2002 72 19 .01 75 19 .04 78 .0 19 7 81 19 .1 85 19 .01 88 19 .04 91 .0 19 7 94 19 .1 98 20 .01 01 .0 4 40 Summary Stocks and equity securities can be valued by using present value techniques » The discounting horizon does not depend on the investment horizon of individual investors in the stock market Investors are compensated through cash dividends and through capital gains » Required returns on equity are generally not equal to the dividend yield, but to the dividend yield plus the growth rate P/E-ratios should be used with caution: » Depends on simplifying assumptions 41


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Robert Maimoni watched the excited, jubilant crowd on the tarmac at Ben-Gurion International Airport. His lucidity had been somewhat blunted by the sedative he had been injected with a few minutes earlier; nonetheless, despite the drug-induced fog, Maimouni managed to painfully whisper to his wife Lola and his daughter Martine a sentence that he would constantly repeat for the rest of his life: "They are...
- By Joop Moerkens
- 17 Feb 2013
The answer to this question is that they were presumably less 'heroic'. They weren't soldiers, just people in the wrong place in the wrong time. Tragic vicitms of the calculation.
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Hampton Inn & Suites Highland
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TripAdvisor Reviews Hampton Inn & Suites Highland
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... We chose the trail to see the largest Lodgepole Pine 'in the world!'..about 6 miles up a rather rough access road to the trailhead. Glad we had a sturdy truck. The hike wasn't long but ascending a little and we could feel the difference in the air. Took our time..saw some amazing trees and the 'famous' Lodgepole Pine. Aren't ...
LA day 7
... Then she's riding this horse around the stable for 10min, then they are out executing their plan. Stupid. I really am spending too much time on this movie, but it was just dumb. So, with my urge to kill growing, we finally head out to the beach. Newport Beach to be exact. It takes around an hour to get there, but this place is rich. Lamborghini's and Ferrari's and Maclarens, not to mention all the other countless expensive cars that were around. The expensive houses and ...
LA day 6
... t. So this poor kid, is getting direct input from coaches on both the 1st base and 3rd base positions, plus the parents in the crowd. I felt for the poor kid. He just wants to play, yet there's a lot of pressure to do what others consider correct. The ball is pitched, you take a swing and miss, and all these people are telling you what you should have done and what you should do next. Some people you don't even know. We come to the final innings, bottom of the 6th ...
Just touching base...
... been robbed twice since we got here! While we were out for dinner in Temecula the other night, our bikes were stripped of their wheels and Roy's seat, which he forgot to take off after his bike ride earlier in the day. Oh brother what a pain. We filed a report with the police, just in case we need to deal with the insurance company. THEN, a couple nights later, the buggers came back and stole our handlebars, and anything else they could get off. Our bike frames look pathetic! ...
All Together Now
One of the first things I did when I got home was to take Maya to OB Dog Beach. She loves running free with the other pups in the water, doing her cheerleading dance and stealing toys. I have no idea how people don't take advantage of seeing such silliness and getting happy. The sun was going down, and as I looked at the bright oranges, I smiled. No matter where I go in the world, nothing gives me the feeling of home as a sunset in San Diego.
Time flew by. ...


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Celebrity Twitter Pictures Roundup | March 21, 2013
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Buyer won the bid and had to pay before getting the address to see the boat. Buyer was too far away so I visited the boat for him. The boat had no interior, engine or sails so it was not worth transporting. The buyer abandoned the boat lost his payment and luckily was not sued by the original owner to remove his boat.
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Boardz - Apple iPhone and iPod Touch App Promo Codes to Giveaway |
Apple iPhone and iPod Touch app promo codes to giveaway for the Games app Boardz courtesy of Snarl Software Ltd, register if you haven't already done so or log in to enter this giveaway and we will randomly select 20 people and email an app promo code to you.
If you also leave a comment below saying why you should have this app or create a link back to this post from other sites on the internet you will be given added priority to receive an app promo code. This Giveaway ends on the 12th April 2010, Good Luck!
Boardz is a turn-based or live play set of games for iPad, iPhone & iPod touch. It's a universal app, and looks beautiful! Enjoy 4 great games - Chess, Go, XiangQi and Shogi! East meets West in this collection of the most popular board games in the world. All games are drawn in exquisite detail, and are extremely easy to play, with a truly authentic look.
You can create games of any type, play friends & family or choose random opponents. Push notifications ensure you always know when it is your turn, or somebody wants to play!
All games have full history with great animation to make it easy to view past moves. Our front screen gives you all the information you need about your current matches, updated live.
Once you have downloaded the app, please take a few moments to rate/review this application in the AppStore. We'd also love to hear stories of how much you want or even enjoyed this app so do leave a comment below
Screen Shots:
Developer/Publisher: | Snarl Software Ltd |
Price of Application: | $1.99 [BUY NOW] |
App Support: | Click Here |
Website: | Click Here |
App Release Date: | 30/03/2010 |
Languages: | English |
Platform: | iPhone and iPod Touch |
Hardware/Software Requirements: | Compatible with iPhone and iPod Touch devices and requires an internet connection on the iPhone/iPod touch. |
Email this Giveaway to a friend | Return to Latest Giveaways |
The Lucky Winners of this Giveaway are:
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Filter News Show All ResultsNews By Country None FoundNews By Tag Texas Gift Baskets
| Texas Gift Baskets Press Releases+ XML/RSSBy Texas Treats Texas Treats offers easy Texas Chili recipe and Texas gift ideas for the fall season. By Texas Treats Texas gift baskets filled with delicious Texas goodies can bring some comfort and joy to college students. By Texas Treats Send some Texas cheer and let the Christmas spirit fill the hearts and bellies of those you love with Texas-themed Christmas gift baskets. By Texas Treats Unique gift ideas for spreading Texas holiday cheer to the hearts of Texans. By Texas Treats Here are some tips on how to speak Texan and a some good Texas one-liners to impress any Texans. By Texas Treats Gift ideas for your luncheons, meetings, conventions, weddings to welcome Texas visitors. By Texas Treats Texas Treats offers personalized Texas gift baskets to welcome new baby. By Texas Treats Tips to make it to your home (the party zone) to watch the best of football on the weekends. By Texas Treats A Rancher Texas gift basket from Texas Treats is great for guests and clients and leaves not just a great lasting impression for Texas, but for you and/or your company! By Texas Treats As temperatures continue to soar, there has never been a better time to get together and party with your loved ones—inside where it's nice and cool. By Texas Treats Our Scorchin' Hot Texas Tub, from Texas Treats, makes a great gift for any of your displaced Texan friends who may be missing out on this Texas summer heat! Page updated every 10 minutes |


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Re: Perl and Open Source in Generalby andyford (Curate) |
on Feb 16, 2007 at 19:14 UTC ( #600504=note: print w/ replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
Think of it this way: You're not trying to master something like Word, you're beginning to learn how to use a tool that could be used to create Word. non-Perl: Andy Ford
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The Building America Program is hosting a no-cost, webinar-based training on Who's Successfully Doing Deep Energy Retrofits. The webinar will focus on specific Building America projects and case studies that highlight real-world examples of deep energy retrofits that are meeting with technical and market success. Webinar presenters will focus on technical strategies, modeled and actual performance results, and project costs.
Presenters for this webinar will be:
To register please go to: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/1089359095434258690
Home Energy Pros was founded by the developers of Home Energy Saver Pro (sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy,) and brought to you in partnership with Home Energy magazine.
© 2015 Created by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.


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Tag Archives: classes
Haste! Chromecast for Gaming, Physical Puzzles, Elusive "Feel" of D&D Classes
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
| Episode 99 |Announcements
No announcements this week, aside from our kick ass Baldur's Cheer, Baldur's Gate holiday contest we've got going on. Aside from that, it's time to get on with the show! Now, back to 30(ish) minutes or less! Enjoy.
Haste Podcast: Excellence In Innovation Award, Class Design Goals, Monstrous Character Flaws
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
| Episode 45 |Announcements
Winner for best 'How I Got Into RPG's' contest is Tallyrand with his story of transformation from the uncool jock into the super-cool uber gamer. Here it is:
I was a jock in high school, so needless to say I was teased mercilessly by the 'cool' kids in the gaming club. That is until the GM of the local group made a bet that he could get the coolest girl in school (Gary Gygax was her uncle) to ask me out. He taught me the slang, helped me pick out some nerdy tee-shirts, and ran me through drill after drill of dungeon mastering until finally he let me DM The Temple of Elemental Evil the week before prom. When her character was the only one to survive the 1st room she fell for me and asked me right there at the table. I realized then then I was cool all along, I just needed to believe in myself.
Also be sure to check out our contest with RPG Stack Exchange, you could win 75$ of whatever gaming goodies you want!


text: Author has written 7 stories for Harry Potter, Avatar: Last Airbender, Baldur's Gate, Summon Night, and Transformers/Beast Wars. About the Author: She is a crazy lady who enjoys referring to herself in the third person. So, yeah, don't read anything she writes. It will just infect you with the CRAZY. Also, she is in the midst of a clean-up. Story-Ness: Every now and then, NybCR will post links for various reasons that she is too lazy to explain here. But if you're reading her profile anyway, it's probably because you are curious about one of these links. So, yeah. Need - Left again by fluting-through-life. NybCR also recently got the honor of hdem translating two of her fanfics into Chinese. Check them out! Need translated into Chinese by hdem In Confidence translated into Chinese by hdem |


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26 year old woman | Hurst, TX, USA | Seeking men 22-35 within 50 miles
I believe in living life to the fullest each day, taking leaps of faith and that laughter is the best medicine in life. I am lucky to have a job that I love as a nurse, it allows to me to grow not only professionally but as a person. When not working, I enjoy reading, spending time with friends & family, going to Ranger's games :) I am huge baseball fan and try to make it to the ballpark as often as I can. I love to go out and have fun but a quiet night at home is great too. I am shy at first but my personality comes out quickly. I am kind, compassionate and thoughtful. I am looking for a man who is career minded, thoughtful and caring. Being a baseball fan is a major plus :) I am looking for a long term relationship. Someone who accepts me for who I am.
Book club , Gardening/Landscaping , Movies/Videos , Performing arts , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering
Baseball, Dancing, Football
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Cats, Dogs
Middle of the Road
Typical girl, I am a sucker for a good chick flick, but I also love action and adventure movies. I enjoy cooking, reading, and going to baseball games. I love spending time with friends and family too.
Nursing textbooks but for fun, I enjoy romance novels.
Her | What she is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'2" (157cms) | 3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms) |
Body type: | I'll tell you later | Athletic and toned, Heavyset, A few extra pounds, Stocky |
Eyes: | Brown | No preference |
Hair: | Dark brown | No preference |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | No Way | No preference |
Drink: | Social Drinker | No preference |
Occupation: | Medical / Dental / Veterinary / Fitness | No preference |
I am a Registered Nurse, I love my job :) |
Income: | $35,001 to $50,000 | No preference |
Relationship: | Never Married | Never Married, Widow / Widower, Divorced |
Have kids: | No | No preference |
Wants kids: | Definitely | Definitely, Someday, Not sure |
Background | ||
Ethnicity: | White / Caucasian | No preference |
Faith: | Christian / Other | No preference |
Languages: | English | English |
Education: | Associates degree | High school, Some college, Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral |


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Amsterdam Hostel Annemarie
Amsterdam, NetherlandsNot very clean ktichen, showers or toilets! I stayed there for one night, payed by cash and at the same time they took the same amout of money from my card. So I payed the double! They haven't respond to my mail about this yet, hope they do it soone.
- Novice Nomad
- Sweden
- Female, 18-24
- (2 reviews)


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Stick Poet Super Hero
michael allyn wells ~defending poetry in american culture
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Thursday, June 09, 2005
I have never seen this quote (and I've seen a lot of JFK quotes) until today.
War will exist until that distant day when the conscientious objector enjoys the same reputation and prestige that the warrior does today. ~John F. Kennedy
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atropine sulfate
(a' troe peen)
Parenteral and oral preparations:
AtroPen, Minims (CAN), Sal-Tropine
Ophthalmic solution:
Atropine Sulfate S.O.P., Isopto Atropine Ophthalmic
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes
Diagnostic agent (ophthalmic preparations)
Belladonna alkaloid
Therapeutic actions
Competitively blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic cholinergic receptors that mediate the effects of parasympathetic postganglionic impulses, depressing salivary and bronchial secretions, dilating the bronchi, inhibiting vagal influences on the heart, relaxing the GI and GU tracts, inhibiting gastric acid secretion (high doses), relaxing the pupil of the eye (mydriatic effect), and preventing accommodation for near vision (cycloplegic effect); also blocks the effects of acetylcholine in the CNS.
Systemic administration
· Antisialagogue for preanesthetic medication to prevent or reduce respiratory tract secretions
· Treatment of parkinsonism; relieves tremor and rigidity
· Restoration of cardiac rate and arterial pressure during anesthesia when vagal stimulation produced by intra-abdominal traction causes a decrease in pulse rate, lessening the degree of AV block when increased vagal tone is a factor (eg, some cases due to digitalis)
· Relief of bradycardia and syncope due to hyperactive carotid sinus reflex
· Relief of pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine, and hypermotility of the colon
· Relaxation of the spasm of biliary and ureteral colic and bronchospasm
· Relaxation of the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders
· Control of crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions
· Treatment of closed head injuries that cause acetylcholine release into CSF, EEG abnormalities, stupor, neurologic signs
· Relaxation of uterine hypertonicity
· Management of peptic ulcer
· Control of rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever
· Antidote (with external cardiac massage) for CV collapse from overdose of parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) drugs (choline esters, pilocarpine), or cholinesterase inhibitors (eg, physostigmine, isoflurophate, organophosphorus insecticides)
· Antidote for poisoning by certain species of mushroom (eg, Amanita muscaria)
Ophthalmic preparations
· Diagnostically to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia-pupillary dilation in acute inflammatory conditions of the iris and uveal tract
Contraindications and cautions
· Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs.
Systemic administration
· Contraindicated with glaucoma; adhesions between iris and lens; stenosing peptic ulcer; pyloroduodenal obstruction; paralytic ileus; intestinal atony; severe ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon; symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy; bladder neck obstruction; bronchial asthma; COPD; cardiac arrhythmias; tachycardia; myocardial ischemia; impaired metabolic, liver, or kidney function; myasthenia gravis.
· Use cautiously with Down syndrome, brain damage, spasticity, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, lactation.
Ophthalmic solution
· Contraindicated with glaucoma or tendency to glaucoma.
Available forms
Tablets—0.4 mg; injection—0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1 mg/mL; ophthalmic ointment—1%; ophthalmic solution—0.5%, 1%, 2%; auto-injector—0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg
Systemic administration
· 0.4–0.6 mg PO, IM, IV, or subcutaneously.
· Hypotonic radiography: 1 mg IM.
· Surgery: 0.5 mg (0.4–0.6 mg) IM (or subcutaneously or IV) prior to induction of anesthesia; during surgery, give IV; reduce dose to < 0.4 mg with cyclopropane anesthesia.
· Bradyarrhythmias: 0.4–1 mg (up to 2 mg) IV every 1–2 hr as needed.
· Antidote: For poisoning due to cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides, give large doses of at least 2–3 mg parenterally, and repeat until signs of atropine intoxication appear; for rapid type of mushroom poisoning, give in doses sufficient to control parasympathetic signs before coma and CV collapse intervene. Auto-injector provides rapid administration.
Ophthalmic solution
· For refraction: Instill 1–2 drops into eye(s) 1 hr before refracting.
· For uveitis: Instill 1–2 drops into eye(s) qid.
Systemic administration
Refer to the following table:
Weight |
Dose (mg) |
7–16 lb (3.2–7.3 kg) |
0.1 |
16–24 lb (7.3–10.9 kg) |
0.15 |
24–40 lb (10.9–18.1 kg) |
0.2 |
40–65 lb (18.1–29.5 kg) |
0.3 |
65–90 lb (29.5–40.8 kg) |
0.4 |
> 90 lb (> 40.8 kg) |
0.4–0.6 |
· Surgery: 0.1 mg (newborn) to 0.6 mg (12 yr) injected subcutaneously 30 min before surgery.
< 15 lb: 0.25 mg auto-injector.
15–40 lb: 0.5 mg auto-injector.
40–90 lb: 1 mg auto-injector.
> 90 lb: 2 mg auto-injector.
More likely to cause serious adverse reactions, especially CNS reactions, in elderly patients; use with caution.
Route |
Onset |
Peak |
Duration |
10–15 min |
30 min |
4 hr |
Immediate |
2–4 min |
4 hr |
Varies |
1–2 hr |
4 hr |
Topical |
5–10 min |
30–40 min |
7–14 days |
Metabolism: Hepatic; T1/2: 2.5 hr
Distribution: Crosses placenta; enters breast milk
Excretion: Urine
IV facts
Preparation: Give undiluted or dilute in 10 mL sterile water.
Infusion: Give direct IV; administer 1 mg or less over 1 min.
Adverse effects
Systemic administration
· CNS: Blurred vision, mydriasis, cycloplegia, photophobia, increased IOP, headache, flushing, nervousness, weakness, dizziness, insomnia, mental confusion or excitement (after even small doses in the elderly), nasal congestion
· CV: Palpitations, bradycardia (low doses), tachycardia (higher doses)
· GI: Dry mouth, altered taste perception, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, heartburn, constipation, bloated feeling, paralytic ileus, gastroesophageal reflux
· GU: Urinary hesitancy and retention; impotence
· Other: Decreased sweating and predisposition to heat prostration, suppression of lactation
Ophthalmic preparations
· Local: Transient stinging
· Systemic: Systemic adverse effects, depending on amount absorbed
· Increased anticholinergic effects with other drugs that have anticholinergic activity—certain antihistamines, certain antiparkinsonian drugs, TCAs, MAOIs
· Decreased antipsychotic effectiveness of haloperidol with atropine
· Decreased effectiveness of phenothiazines, but increased incidence of paralytic ileus
· If cholinesterase inhibitors and atropine are given together, opposing effects will render both drugs ineffective
Nursing considerations
· History: Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs; glaucoma; adhesions between iris and lens; stenosing peptic ulcer; pyloroduodenal obstruction; paralytic ileus; intestinal atony; severe ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon; symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy; bladder neck obstruction; bronchial asthma; COPD; cardiac arrhythmias; myocardial ischemia; impaired metabolic, liver, or kidney function; myasthenia gravis; Down syndrome; brain damage; spasticity; hypertension; hyperthyroidism; lactation
· Physical: Skin color, lesions, texture; T; orientation, reflexes, bilateral grip strength; affect; ophthalmic exam; P, BP; R, adventitious sounds; bowel sounds, normal GI output; normal urinary output, prostate palpation; liver and kidney function tests, ECG
· Ensure adequate hydration; provide environmental control (temperature) to prevent hyperpyrexia.
· Have patient void before taking medication if urinary retention is a problem.
When used preoperatively or in other acute situations, incorporate teaching about the drug with teaching about the procedure; the ophthalmic solution is used mainly acutely and will not be self-administered by the patient; the following apply to oral medication for outpatients:
· Take as prescribed, 30 min before meals; avoid excessive dosage.
· Avoid hot environments; you will be heat intolerant, and dangerous reactions may occur.
· You may experience these side effects: Dizziness, confusion (use caution driving or performing hazardous tasks); constipation (ensure adequate fluid intake, proper diet); dry mouth (sugarless lozenges, frequent mouth care may help; may be transient); blurred vision, sensitivity to light (reversible; avoid tasks that require acute vision; wear sunglasses in bright light); impotence (reversible); difficulty in urination (empty the bladder prior to taking drug).
· Report rash; flushing; eye pain; difficulty breathing; tremors, loss of coordination; irregular heartbeat, palpitations; headache; abdominal distention; hallucinations; severe or persistent dry mouth; difficulty swallowing; difficulty in urination; constipation; sensitivity to light.
Adverse effects in Italic
are most common; those in Bold are


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Blame game: Face facts. This is what happens when you try to be tough guys.
Don't be fooled by the latest round of "the sky is falling" calls coming from the White House -- or the speeches from "traumatized" Democratic representatives who are lamenting the damage the proposed sequester is going to cause. This...Please log in to see full story.
Published in Editorials on February 25, 2013 10:45 AM


text: Meet Allison. She and her husband Tyler own Austin Kade Academy in Idaho Falls. They were gracious enough to let all of the filming and photography be held in a vacant part of their HUGE school. Allison is such an amazing person to be around and is not only very talented, but has a great heart. We loved getting to know her, and all the girls at Austin Kade, and look forward to working with them in the near future!


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Author | Anton GvozdikovSee portfolio |
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Descriptive Category | People In Studio Woman |
Keywords |
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Fettuccine with prosciutto
- 4 slices prosciutto (about 2 oz thinly sliced)
- 10 sage leaves
- 2/3 cup roasted red peppers(or pimentos finely chopped)
- 8 oz fettucicine pasta
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1/2oz fresh pre-sliced mushrooms
- 2 cups fully cooked chicken strips (9-12oz)
- 13/4 cup chicken broth
- 1 cup alfredo sauce
- 1/4 black pepper
- 1/4 cup shredded parmesean
- Bring water to a boil for pasta
- cut across prosciutto to form thin strips
- cut sage leaves into thin strips (3tablespoons)
- chop red pepper
- Cook pasta following package instructions
- Preheat large saute pan on medium high 2-3 minutes. Place oil in pan, then add mushrooms, cook 2-3 minutes until browned. Add chopped red peppers and chicken strips, cook 1-2 minutes to heat
- Reduce heat to medium low stir in broth and alfredo sauce, simmer 3-4 minutes or until mixture has thickened.
Stir in pasta, prosciutto, sage, and pepper, top with parmesan cheese and serve. - enjoy
on Feb. 24, 2012 at 11:47 AM
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Warren Buffett bluntly tells shareholders in his recent annual letter that if he can't increase Berkshire Hathaway's brka -0.8881532938598536% Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Cl A U.S.: NYSE USD212585 -1905 -0.8881532938598536% /Date(1430168409649-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 451 AFTER HOURS USD212340 -642 -0.11524801843968295% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 4 P/E Ratio 16.87584345479082 Market Cap 351308472857.866 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 616054 More quote details and news » intrinsic value at a faster clip than the gain in the Standard & Poor's 500 index over a long stretch, there's little point in owning Berkshire stock. A low-cost index fund would be a better investment. As usual, Buffett is on to something, and he has delivered in a big way during 48 years as Berkshire's CEO. His stock is up 8,000-fold, turning many original investors into billionaires.
Shareholder returns are a key criterion for inclusion in our ninth annual list of the 30 best CEOs in the world. We look for innovative and financially savvy leaders who can motivate employees and develop products that resonate with customers. But if they can't translate that into consistent profit growth and market-beating shareholder gains, they ultimately aren't adding a lot of value.
All 30 of the CEOs on our list for 2013 meet the Buffett test. The share prices of their companies have outstripped the S&P 500's return during their tenures. Some even have better annualized numbers than Buffett, although none can match Berkshire's total gain since 1965.
Under Larry Fink, BlackRock's blk -0.2922408708241729% BlackRock Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD371.89 -1.09 -0.2922408708241729% /Date(1430168648805-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 352375 AFTER HOURS USD372.61 0.720000000000027 0.19360563607518352% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2375 P/E Ratio 18.566650024962556 Market Cap 61523797224.2041 Dividend Yield 2.3447793702438893% Rev. per Employee 925082 More quote details and news » total return since its 1999 initial public offering has averaged 25.3% annually, versus 21% for Berkshire during Buffett's tenure. Even more impressive is what Amazon.com amzn -1.46933273421703% Amazon.com Inc. U.S.: Nasdaq USD438.56 -6.54 -1.46933273421703% /Date(1430168400261-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 5339851 AFTER HOURS USD439.25 0.689999999999998 0.1573330901130974% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 91098 P/E Ratio N/A Market Cap 207274615833.624 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 596781 More quote details and news » has done with Jeff Bezos at the helm since its 1997 initial public offering. The stock has risen to $253 from a split-adjusted $1.50, a 39% annualized return.
Other CEOs whose shares have produced 25%-plus yearly total returns are Oracle's orcl 1.2302692664809656% Oracle Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD43.61 0.53 1.2302692664809656% /Date(1430168482094-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 12747006 AFTER HOURS USD43.5 -0.109999999999999 -0.2522357257509745% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 169007 P/E Ratio 17.87295081967213 Market Cap 188133376023.687 Dividend Yield 1.375831231368952% Rev. per Employee 318369 More quote details and news » Larry Ellison, Monsanto's mon -0.6415667735944622% Monsanto Co. U.S.: NYSE USD117.7 -0.76 -0.6415667735944622% /Date(1430168497679-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1860244 AFTER HOURS USD117.7 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 31716 P/E Ratio 24.623430962343097 Market Cap 56399160568.143 Dividend Yield 1.665250637213254% Rev. per Employee 666429 More quote details and news » Hugh Grant, and three overseas chiefs: Pablo Isla of Inditex, which owns the Zara clothing retailer; Ma Huateng of Tencent, one of China's top Internet companies; and Yang Yuanqing of Lenovo, the fast-growing maker of personal computers that is giving fits to Dell and Hewlett-Packard. hpq -0.571256764882742% Hewlett-Packard Co. U.S.: NYSE USD33.07 -0.19 -0.571256764882742% /Date(1430168513463-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 8316642 AFTER HOURS USD33.07 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 94617 P/E Ratio 12.43233082706767 Market Cap 60452007957.5884 Dividend Yield 1.9352887813728454% Rev. per Employee 363454 More quote details and news »
For the second straight year, there's a lot of turnover in our list, as 13 new CEOs are joining our shrine. Yang is among the newcomers, along with Leslie Moonves of CBS, cbs -1.6262755102040816% CBS Corp. Cl B U.S.: NYSE USD61.7 -1.02 -1.6262755102040816% /Date(1430168591351-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3538176 AFTER HOURS USD61.7 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 51735 P/E Ratio 24.444356404262905 Market Cap 31142820232.0309 Dividend Yield 0.9724473257698542% Rev. per Employee 601831 More quote details and news » Bernard Arnault of LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, mc.FR -2.3977866584691054% LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE France: Paris EUR158.75 -3.9 -2.3977866584691054% /Date(1430246862000-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 334093 P/E Ratio 14.16275129347721 Market Cap 81784573599.7467 Dividend Yield 2.456692913385827% Rev. per Employee N/A More quote details and news » David Cote of Honeywell, hon 0.03902439024390244% Honeywell International Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD102.54 0.04 0.03902439024390244% /Date(1430168564001-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1836244 AFTER HOURS USD102.54 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 29746 P/E Ratio 18.54249547920434 Market Cap 80124964447.0215 Dividend Yield 2.018724400234055% Rev. per Employee 313669 More quote details and news » and Carol Meyrowitz of TJX. tjx -1.478352692713833% TJX Cos. U.S.: NYSE USD65.31 -0.98 -1.478352692713833% /Date(1430168584649-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 3154097 AFTER HOURS USD65.31 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 14007 P/E Ratio 20.624003261912094 Market Cap 45307492021.0028 Dividend Yield 1.2861736334405145% Rev. per Employee 146861 More quote details and news »
We try to set a high bar for keeping CEOs on our list. We removed 13 from last year's list. Some deletions were an easier call than others. Rex Tillerson of ExxonMobil xom 0.04599287110497873% Exxon Mobil Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD87.01 0.04 0.04599287110497873% /Date(1430168497992-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 9552439 AFTER HOURS USD87.1 0.0899999999999892 0.10343638662222733% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 982167 P/E Ratio 11.458786035057221 Market Cap 364359970797.718 Dividend Yield 3.172049189748305% Rev. per Employee 4357980 More quote details and news » is gone because the oil giant's production and returns are under pressure. Joe Tucci of EMC emc 0.33962264150943394% EMC Corp. U.S.: NYSE USD26.59 0.09 0.33962264150943394% /Date(1430168529299-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 10344555 AFTER HOURS USD26.59 % Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2044144 P/E Ratio 20.7734375 Market Cap 51463000000 Dividend Yield 1.7299736743136518% Rev. per Employee 350500 More quote details and news » is out because revenue growth is slowing at the maker of data-storage systems. Lew Frankfort of Coach coh -0.7502930832356389% Coach Inc. U.S.: NYSE USD42.33 -0.32 -0.7502930832356389% /Date(1430168571080-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 6267033 AFTER HOURS USD42.8 0.469999999999999 1.1103236475313016% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 245532 P/E Ratio 20.54854368932039 Market Cap 11764192300.1572 Dividend Yield 3.189227498228207% Rev. per Employee 261282 More quote details and news » is off, as his firm's profit growth has slowed and the stock price has slumped. It's contending with competitive pressure in handbags and other accessories from hot brands like Michael Kors and Kate Spade.
Our group is global. Sixteen CEOs come from the U.S., eight from Europe, four from Asia, and one each from Canada and Mexico. For profiles of the 30 leaders in alphabetical order click here.
We don't rely on any formula to draw up this list. It's based on the views of Barron's reporters and editors, and reflects insights from investors, analysts, and industry executives.
We like to see CEOs on the job for at least three years before we consider them, and we prefer a five-year minimum. It takes time to have an impact on a large organization, and developments in the initial year of a CEO's tenure often have more to do with what the predecessor did than any new initiatives. We made an exception for Google's GOOG -1.445042084211012% Google Inc. Cl C U.S.: Nasdaq USD555.37 -8.143 -1.445042084211012% /Date(1430168400234-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 2371289 AFTER HOURS USD554.99 -0.370000000000005 -0.06842285323297982% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 26750 P/E Ratio 27.830562153602532 Market Cap 387516398913.958 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 1228170 More quote details and news » Larry Page, who became CEO in 2011, because he's a co-founder of the company along with Sergey Brin and has played a key role in building the Internet giant into the country's third-largest company, with a market value of $270 billion.
THERE ARE NO EASY JOBS at the helm of large companies, but some businesses are particularly hard due to narrow "moats" around their markets. A longtime member of our list, Michael O'Leary, heads Ryanair, the no-frills European airline that has thrived in a brutal industry. The outspoken O'Leary last week inked a huge order for Boeing 737s and defended the aircraft maker, saying "regulatory crap" was behind the grounding of its 787s amid concerns about battery fires.
The pressures are unrelenting in retailing, and the CEOs of Japan's Fast Retailing 9983.TO 1.8314255983350676% Fast Retailing Co. Ltd. Japan: Tokyo JPY48930 880 1.8314255983350676% /Date(1430251200000-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 20m) : 567700 P/E Ratio 33.793830168810885 Market Cap 5166317427656.25 Dividend Yield 0.6539955037809115% Rev. per Employee 45419600 More quote details and news » and Spain's Inditex ITX.MC -1.3366750208855471% Industria de Diseno Textil S.A. Spain: Madrid EUR29.525 -0.4 -1.3366750208855471% /Date(1430246887000-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1608051 P/E Ratio 36.78669324694742 Market Cap 91255572700.0351 Dividend Yield N/A Rev. per Employee 132185 More quote details and news » have done especially good jobs. Fast Retailing's Uniqlo chain and Inditex's Zara aren't well known in the U.S., but they have become two of the leading clothing retailers in the world.
TJX has built a business with a $33 billion market value -- double that of Macy's -- by selling designer labels at sharp discounts in its T.J. Maxx and Marshalls stores. Shoppers like the treasure-hunt aspect of the stores and the ability to get a Michael Kors handbag for $150 that supposedly once retailed for $350. TJX somehow manages to regularly source enough designer stuff to fill almost 2,000 domestic stores. Credit CEO Carol Meyrowitz with that feat.
You probably won't find Louis Vuitton bags at T.J. Maxx. CEO Arnault of LVMH zealously protects the image of his company's most important brand and insists that slow-selling items be destroyed rather than marked down or sold to off-price retailers. That attitude has helped create the world's top luxury-goods company.
Moonves has generated strong returns through superior management of an old-media portfolio that was deemed to be inferior to that of Viacom, with its cable networks, at the time of the two companies' split in 2005. CBS is the longtime leader in prime-time ratings, and Moonves has pushed hard to get paid for its costly content, wresting sizable annual "retransmission" revenue from cable operators.
Sometimes we make mistakes in jettisoning CEOs. Warren East of ARM Holdings armh 1.2684200708822981% ARM Holdings PLC ADS U.S.: Nasdaq USD54.29 0.68 1.2684200708822981% /Date(1430168400175-0500)/ Volume (Delayed 15m) : 1882296 AFTER HOURS USD54.28 -0.00999999999999801 -0.01841959845275373% Volume (Delayed 15m) : 8522 P/E Ratio 60.88370528204553 Market Cap 25386413943.9216 Dividend Yield 0.7652385337999632% Rev. per Employee 406774 More quote details and news » and Grant of Monsanto return to our pantheon this year.
East, who announced last week that he would retire in July, has fended off larger competitors, notably Intel, to dominate the processor market for mobile devices. He goes out on a high note, with ARM Holdings shares at a record. Since we removed Grant in 2010, Monsanto has cemented its hold on the market for genetically modified seeds, and profits have rebounded. We welcome them back.
We realize that readers may disagree with some of our selections or want to see other CEOs on the list. If you have any ideas, please write to firstname.lastname@example.com. We look forward to your suggestions.


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Rehan Alimohammad was named one of Houston's top lawyers by Houstonia Magazine for 2013 and 2014 and one of the 5 Most Outstanding Young Texans in 2011 by... more
View all photos and/or videosRehan is a highly-skilled and well-respected attorney in all his practice areas, and I would feel confident referring a matter to him to resolve.
Mr. Alimohammad is knowlegeable and experienced in the immigration law area. He has given excellent continuing legal education presentations to our... more


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30 year old man | Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA | Seeking women 23-30 within 15 miles
Reach for the sky
Hello, I finished grad school about 3 years ago and soon after moved to Fort Lauderdale for work. I find it easier getting to know someone over coffee or a drink rather than reading a short profile, but I'll give it a shot. A little about me is that I was born and raised in New Jersey. Since then, I have lived and worked up and down the East Coast. While I love to travel, I also appreciate spending time at home with family and friends. During the week, my schedule generally consists of work followed by the gym or a run on the beach. Afterward I like to get out of the house for dinner and drinks, but also enjoy the occasional lazy movie/television marathon. On the weekends, I like to try new activities, spend time outdoors, and travel. The weekend getaway is definitely a favorite of mine. I am looking for someone who is happy and likes to have a good time. I tend to tease and joke around so would get along best with someone who has a good sense of humor. She should be thoughtful, intelligent, and easy going. It would be great to meet someone with similar interests to start out as friends first and then take things from there. Let me know if you are interested.
Cooking , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing cards , Travel/Sightseeing , Watching sports
Hockey, Soccer, Swimming, VolleyBall, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
South Florida is pretty awesome but I'll always have a soft spot for Philadelphia and New York too. Madrid and Munich have been my favorite out of country destinations
I enjoy playing and watching sports. Football, hockey and soccer are definitely my favorites but I can get into pretty much any big event. Besides that, I can never say no to Italian food, HBO / Showtime tv shows, and beach days.
I spend most of my time reading the Wall Street Journal but I also enjoy fictional books with a historic twist.
Him | What he is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'11" (180cms) | 5'0" (152cms) to 5'8" (172cms) |
Body type: | Athletic and toned | Slender, About average, Athletic and toned |
Eyes: | Hazel | No preference |
Hair: | Dark brown | No preference |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | No Way | No Way |
Drink: | Social Drinker | No preference |
Occupation: | Financial / Accounting / Real Estate | No preference |
Income: | I'll tell you later | No preference |
Relationship: | Never Married | Never Married |
Have kids: | No | No |
Wants kids: | Someday | Definitely, Someday |
Background | ||
Ethnicity: | White / Caucasian | Asian, Latino / Hispanic, White / Caucasian |
Faith: | Christian / Catholic | No preference |
Languages: | English, Spanish | English |
Education: | Graduate degree | Some college, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree, PhD / Post Doctoral |