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US 6849051 B2 Abstract This invention provides medical devices and methods for extracting cellular samples from a bone cavity.
Claims(32) 1. A device for extracting material from a bone cavity, the device comprising:
a housing comprising a lumen running a length of the housing, a first lumen aperture at a first end of the housing, and a second lumen aperture at a second region of the housing;
a plunger body, wherein the plunger body is slideably positioned within and extends at least a part of the length of the lumen;
one or more filaments coupled to a first end of the plunger and positioned proximal to the first end of the housing;
a handle coupled to a second end of the plunger, wherein the handle extends beyond the second region of the housing; and
an aspiration tube cojoined to a portion of the housing, wherein the aspiration tube comprises a first aspiration aperture proximal to the first lumen aperture.
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21. A device for extracting material from a bone cavity, the device comprising:
a housing comprising a lumen running a length of the housing, a first lumen aperture at a first end of the housing, and a second lumen aperture at a second region of the housing;
a plunger body, wherein the plunger body is slideably positioned within and extends at least a part of the length of the lumen;
one or more filaments coupled to a first end of the plunger and proximal to the first end of the housing;
a handle coupled to a second end of the plunger, wherein the handle extends beyond the second region of the housing; and
an aspiration port in fluid contact with the lumen, by which bone cavity material disrupted by the one or more filaments can be extracted.
22. A method for extracting contents from a bone cavity, the method comprising:
inserting a proximal end of an extraction device into the bone cavity;
extending a filament from the device into the bone cavity;
rotating the filament and disrupting a localized cellular matrix; and
aspirating components of the disrupted matrix, thereby extracting contents from the bone cavity.
23. The method of
placing the proximal end of the device against a bone surface, wherein the proximal end of the device comprises a cutting mechanism; and
pressing the cutting mechanism against the bone surface and entering the bone cavity.
24. The method of
rotating the proximal end of the device within the bone cavity prior to extending the filament.
25. The method of
grasping the plunger handle and moving the handle toward the proximal end of the housing, thereby moving a plunger body along a lumen and propelling the filament out of a first lumen aperture and into the bone cavity.
26. The method of
rotating the plunger handle, thereby moving the a screw-threaded plunger body along a screw threaded lumen and shifting the filament out of the first lumen aperture and into the bone cavity.
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Description This application is a continuation-in-part of provisional patent application U.S. Ser. No. 60/310,304, entitled �Devices and Methods for Extraction of Bone Marrow� by Sramek and Smith, filed Aug. 3, 2001. Applicants claims priority to and benefit of the provisional application, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The invention relates to devices and methods for collecting samples; more specifically, the invention relates to medical devices and methods for extracting cellular samples from a bone cavity. Bone marrow exists in hollow spaces within bones and acts as a nursery for many of the cellular components of peripheral whole blood. Among the blood cells produced in bone marrow are erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets (clotting cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells). These blood cells all develop from the so called �stem cells,� which are cells in the bone marrow that are capable of both propagating additional stem cells as well as developing into all three types of blood cells. Stem cells, pluripotential cells and blasts in the bone marrow are very active in cell division to continuously replace blood cells. Without adequate blood cell replacement, patients can develop anemia, clotting disorders and failed immune responses. The extensive cell division activity of the stem cells makes the bone marrow particularly sensitive to therapeutic treatments which are directed at quickly dividing cancer cells, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. As a result, it is not unexpected that cancer patients undergoing intensive therapies can sustain life-threatening damage to their bone marrow. Other disease indications may give rise to patients sustaining severe damage to their bone marrow, radiation sickness, aplastic anemia, and cancer metastasis to bone marrow. Bone marrow replacement is often the only available cure for some of these maladies. Replacement bone marrow can come from the patient (autologus marrow) or from a donor (allogeneic marrow). Bone marrow is typically harvested from large bones near the skin, such as the iliac crest of the hip or the sternum, by pushing a stout needle through the hard outer bone cortex to capture a core sample of bone marrow tissue. A vacuum (i.e., less than atmospheric pressure) is applied to the needle bore to aspirate fluids from the bone including blood and loose marrow cells. Before such a bone marrow harvest can be infused in to a recipient patient, stem cells are typically separated from the connective tissue of the core sample and the mature peripheral blood cells in the aspirated fluid. In order to obtain enough bone marrow to supplement or reconstitute a functional bone marrow in a patient, the puncture and aspiration procedure is generally repeated many times, e.g., 25-50 times in each iliac crest. General anesthesia is commonly used to reduce the emotional stress and pain of the repeated punctures; however, infliction of multiple wounds compound the bone pain, bruising and infection potential of the procedure. In view of the above, a need exists for a device and methods to obtain bone marrow from a smaller number of bone punctures. Benefits can also be realized from methods that provide a higher ratio of stem cells compared to connective tissue and peripheral blood cells. The present invention provides these and other features that will be apparent upon review of the following. The present invention provides devices and methods for extracting material from a cavity, such as a bone cavity. The devices include a housing having a lumen running the length of the housing, a first lumen aperture at a first end of the housing, and a second lumen aperture at a second end of the housing. Within the lumen is placed a plunger body, which is capable of being moved along the length (or a portion of the length) of the lumen. One or more filaments are coupled to one end of the plunger body, and positioned proximal to the first end of the housing. At another position along the plunger body, a handle or other mechanism for moving the plunger body is attached, such that the handle extends beyond the housing. In addition, an aspiration tube is cojoined to a portion of the housing, wherein the aspiration tube comprises a first aspiration aperture typically positioned proximal to the first lumen aperture. Optionally, the housing of the device further includes a piercing mechanism, such as, e.g., a cutting and/or puncturing tool, positioned proximal to the first lumen aperture. In a preferred embodiment, the first lumen aperture and the first aspiration aperture are adjacently positioned, such that the housing and aspiration tube together provide the piercing mechanism for insertion of the apertures into the bone cavity. The housing can further include a stop at the second end of the housing (e.g., typically distal from the insertion end). The stop can be used, for example, to meter extension of the filament into the bone cavity (e.g., by monitoring the distance between the stop and the handle). In some embodiments of the present invention, the plunger body includes a portion having a screw thread, which matches up with inner screw threads within the lumen interior. In this embodiment, as the handle of the device is turned, the plunger body is moved relative to the housing lumen, and the attached filament components are extended from the lumen aperture in a meterable manner. The filament portion of the devices of the present invention can include a variety of embodiments, including, but not limited to, a single filament, a filament having one or more extensions, or multiple filaments. In some embodiments, for example, the filament is a rigid piece of plastic or metal (e.g., stainless steel or titanium) having one or more looped extensions. Shape memory wire is particularly useful for use in the filaments of the present invention. Optionally, the filament portion of the device further includes a mechanism for associating a portion of the filament with a surface within the bone cavity (for example, a notch or point that can engage or be embedded in the far wall of the bone cavity). Using this filament embodiment, the rotation of the filament and disruption of the local cellular matrix can be performed more efficiently and/or accurately. In many embodiments, the filament includes a cutting edge which assists in the matrix disruption. The cutting edge can run only a portion of the filament length, or it can be include along the entire length of the filament. Rotation of the filament within the bone cavity can be accomplished by a number of mechanisms. In some embodiments, the filament is rotated by turning the handle portion of the device. Optionally, the handle is an ergonomically-shaped member positioned perpendicular to the length of the plunger body. Alternatively, the handle comprises a knob or cog mechanism. The cavity contents disrupted by the filament are retrieved via the aspiration tube portion of the device. Typically, the first aperture of the aspiration tube is positioned proximal to the first lumen aperture (e.g., central to the disrupted area). A vacuum or partial vacuum is applied to a distal portion of the aspiration tube by, for example, a flexible bulb, a syringe, a vacuum pump, and the like. Optionally, a collection device, such as a removable liquid trap, is coupled to the vacuum mechanism for collection of the retrieved material. In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing is a multi-lumen structure, thereby providing a body structure encompassing both the housing lumen and the aspiration tube. Optionally, the device further includes a sleeve or trocar surrounding the housing and aspiration tube. Such a sleeve can be a strong and sharp cylinder specialized for piercing the solid outer bone cortex. The present invention also provides devices and methods for delivery of a composition, such as a drug, cell, chemical, or combination thereof, as well as devices and methods for deployment of one or more diagnostic devices inside a cavity, such as a bone cavity. Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular devices or biological systems, which can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms �a�, �an� and �the� include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to �a surface� includes a combination of two or more surfaces; reference to �bacteria� includes mixtures of bacteria, and the like. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. In describing and claiming the present invention, the following terminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set out below. As used herein, the terms �bone cavity� and �bone marrow cavity� refer to the non-cortex interior of bones containing marrow cells (including, but not limited to, hemopoietic stem cells, megakaryocytes, and white cell precursors). The term �bone cortex� as used herein refers to the outer solid mineralized portion of a bone. The term �stylus� as used herein refers to a solid insert, typically composed of metal, and used to temporarily fill a lumen or tube in the devices of the invention. As used herein, the term �trocar� refers to a cylindrical sleeve or collar-like implement which optionally can comprise a piercing tool and into which the housing and/or aspiration tube can be inserted. As used herein, the term �piercing� also includes, but is not limited to, cutting, slicing, drilling, and puncturing. The term �slideably� as used herein refers to either a straight linear direction of movement or a spiral or corkscrew-type movement. The present invention provides devices and methods for extracting material from a bone cavity. The bone cavity can be any of a number of such cavities, including, but not limited to, cavities in the iliac crest (hip), jaw bone, sternum, tibia, and the like. Material of interest contained within the bone cavity includes, but is not limited to, mesenchymal cells, and undifferentiated pluripotential cells (e.g., stem cells and blasts) that can divide and mature into peripheral blood cells (such as red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells) or other non-blood related cells (neuronal cells, hepatic cells, etc.). In addition to bone marrow, the bone marrow cavities can contain, e.g., a fine bone network of trabecula, a matrix of supporting connective tissue cells (such as fibroblasts), fat cells, and blood cells at various stages of development. It is desirable to harvest bone cavity contents such as stem cells and blasts for use, for example, in reconstitution of bone marrow in a patient. Acquisition of bone marrow for transplantation or other purposes is typically performed via the repeated insertion of a needle into the bone cavity containing the marrow, thereby collecting multiple �core samples� of tissue from which the relevant cells can be isolated. Exemplary devices for performing the procedure are described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,429,138 and 5,526,821 to Jamshidi �Biopsy needle with sample retaining means�, U.S. Pat. No. 5,807,275 to Jamshidi �Biopsy needle�, and references cited therein. Typically, the core sampling procedure (similar to punch biopsy) must be repeated between 25-50 times to obtain enough extraction material (e.g., approximately 1000-1500 milliliters) having the desired marrow volume and/or stem cell count. The devices and methods of the invention can provide adequate bone marrow extraction (e.g., bone marrow harvests rich in stem cells) for use, e.g., in a bone marrow replacement procedure, in a relatively small volume of aspirate from a smaller number of bone piercings as compared to the prior art. Whereas bone marrow aspiration devices in the prior art harvest a core of tissue directly in line with the entry puncture, and what cells can be aspirated along with a stream of blood, the devices of the invention are designed to release and capture bone marrow cells some distance from the puncture site. The devices of the invention provide, e.g., filaments that can extend laterally from the axis of the puncture to disrupt any trabecula and connective tissue matrices present in the bone cavity, allowing improved release and aspiration of resident stem cells. Devices for Extraction The devices of the present invention include a housing having a lumen running the length of the housing, a plunger body slideably positioned within the housing lumen, and an aspiration tube. One embodiment of the devices of the present invention is shown in The components of the devices of the present invention (e.g., the housing, plunger and aspiration tube) can be manufactured from any of a number of appropriate materials known to one of skill in the art and/or typically used (or approved for use) in the medical arts. Exemplary materials include, but are not limited to, various plastics, ceramics, glasses, rubber, metals, and composites (e.g., fiberglass, carbon fiber composites, resins, and the like). For example, the housing can be fabricated from surgical stainless steel to provide a strong inert body to, e.g., receive the working forces of extraction procedures and to present a sharp cutting edge at the proximal end. Preferably, the devices of the present invention are manufactured from materials able to withstand sterilization procedures, e.g., between procedures. In this embodiment, device 100 includes housing 110 having first housing end 111 (at the end of the device to be positioned proximal to the bone cavity) and second housing end 112 (at the distal end of the device). Housing 110 encompasses lumen 105, which runs at least a portion of the length of housing 110; first lumen aperture 120 at the first end of housing 110; and second lumen aperture 122. In some embodiments (as depicted in, for example, FIG. 1C), second lumen aperture 122 is positioned at second housing end 112 such that lumen 105 runs the length of housing 110. In alternate embodiments, second lumen aperture 122 is positioned between first housing end 111 and second housing end 112. In the embodiment portrayed in In other embodiments (not shown) the housing can house both the lumen and aspiration tube in a multi-lumen structure, thus providing a structure with a circular cross section conducive to rotation of the device after insertion into a bone. A sleeve or trocar can optionally be provided to surround the housing and aspiration tube. Such a sleeve can be used, e.g., as a structure to orient a piercing mechanism on the first aperture and/or first opening during insertion, and/or to provide a rotatable cylindrical external shape to the device. Filament 135 is attached at first end 126 of plunger 125. Filament 135 comprises any of a number of structures that, in the withdrawn position (FIG. 1D), are positioned within housing 110. In the extended position (FIG. 1E), the filament expands into a designed form, or �memory structure,� extending from first lumen aperture 120. Optionally, filament 135 comprises stainless steel, surgical stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium, and the like. In the depicted embodiment, filament 135 comprises two looped wires attached to one another at points proximal and distal to aperture 120, as shown in FIG. 1B. Such an arrangement can, e.g., enhance the cutting and scouring ability of the filament while strengthening the operational geometry. Optionally, the filament further includes an optional stabilizing wire (see element 828 in Optionally, the filament structure or stabilizing wire includes a notched or pointed region for embedding the filament (temporarily) in the far wall of the bone cavity, thereby enhancing the lateral movement of the filament through the material within the bone cavity. By pivotably-engaging the end of the extended filament a distance from the aperture, excess filament can be extended into the cavity to sweep a wider volume as the filament is rotated. The wider sweeping filament can reach laterally into cavities in the bone marrow to disrupt more tissue for harvest of cells. Filament 135 can include a single structure (such as depicted in FIG. 2), a branched or looped structure (see, e.g., FIG. 1B), or a plurality of structures. In one preferred embodiment, the filament comprises a rigid piece of metal, plastic, or the like having multiple cross-members. In another preferred embodiment, the filament comprises a bristled, or brush-like, structure. In still another preferred embodiment, the rigid piece comprises a shape memory wire. However, any of a variety of filament structures can be employed in the present invention. For example, one or more portions of the filament can have a cross-sectional shape as depicted in FIG. 4. Optionally, filament 135 has a beveled or sharpened edge capable of breaking, scooping, or cutting through the material in the bone cavity. Marrow tissue in many bones, such as long bones of the arms and legs, can be soft and compliant. However, the marrow cavities of some bones, such as the plate-like bones, can include substantial amounts of structural material, such as collagen fibers, connective tissue matrix, and fine bone plates (trabecula). The presence of a cutting edge on the filament can allow the device of the invention to penetrate the structural materials to disrupt a larger volume of bone marrow tissue, thereby releasing more stem cells for harvest. Device 100 further includes aspiration tube 140 positioned adjacent to (and/or cojoined with) housing 110. Aspiration tube 140 includes a first aspiration tube opening 145 positioned proximal to lumen aperture 120, and a second aspiration tube opening 150. Optionally, second aspiration tube opening 150 is positioned at the distal end of aspiration tube 140. When in use, second opening 150 is connected to mechanism 160 for applying a vacuum (or partial vacuum), such as a vacuum pump or a syringe. A collection device, such as, e.g., a conventional liquid trap, can optionally be located between the aspiration tube and the vacuum mechanism, to harvest aspirate and prevent it from entering the vacuum source. As indicated for the other elements of the extraction device, aspiration tube 140 can comprise any of a number of medically acceptable materials, including, but not limited to metal, plastic, composites, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the interior surface of the aspiration tube includes materials that will not chemically or biologically interact in an undesired manner with the material being extracted from the cavity. Optionally, aspiration tube 140, collection device, and/or mechanism 160, can be treated or contain heparin, hirudin, citrate, or another anticoagulant to prevent occlusion of the aspiration tube and to provide a fluid aspirate for easier processing. In the depicted embodiment, lumen aperture 120 is positioned at first housing end 111, adjacent to first aspiration tube opening 145 and proximal to the point of entry into bone cavity 190. Entry into the cavity can be accomplished by positioning of a piercing mechanism, e.g., cutting, puncturing, slicing and/or drilling tool, at the proximal end of the device, and driving the tool through the hard external bone cortex material. In some embodiments, aperture 120 is designed to be inserted into the bone cavity, and as such includes the piercing mechanism. For example, the piercing mechanism can be a sharp-edged angular puncturing tool provided at the proximal ends of the housing and aspiration tube. The puncturing portion of the device is preferably placed on the patient's body at a position at which the bone is in close proximity to the skin. The proximal end of the device is then driven through the bone cortex on the surface by, e.g., applying force to a sturdy handle such as plunger handle 130. Alternatively, the piercing mechanism can be incorporated into housing first end 111, or provided by alignment of the first end of the housing with the first end of the aspiration tube (e.g., a cutting means formed by the contiguous housing/aspiration tube surface). Optionally, first opening 145 and lumen aperture 120 function together in providing access to the contents of the bone cavity. When in use, plunger body 125 is slideably positioned within lumen 105 of housing 110. In the �withdrawn� position (FIG. 1D), filament 135 is contained within lumen 105 during entry of lumen aperture 120 into the bone cavity. Movement of plunger body 125 along lumen 105 in the direction of first housing end 111 advances filament 135 such that it extends from lumen aperture 120. Movement of the plunger body is typically achieved by exerting force upon plunger handle 130. In the embodiment depicted in In some embodiments, plunger body 125 and housing lumen 105 include screw threaded portions. For example, a screw threaded plunger body can be inserted into a lumen having inner screw threads. Turning of the plunger handle controllably extends the filament attached to the proximal end of the plunger into the bone cavity, thereby providing a mechanism for metering the extended state. Alternatively, the housing can be fitted with a rack and pinion, or tooth and pawl ratcheting mechanism, to incrementally meter the plunger movement, as can be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Optionally, a solid stylus can be placed into the housing lumen and/or the aspiration tube to prevent occlusion of the lumen(s) during the bone penetration. The stylus is then removed prior to extraction of the bone marrow. For example, after penetration of the proximal end of the device into the bone cavity, the stylus can be removed, and a plunger with a filament can be passed through the lumen so that the filament extends into the marrow cavity. The device of the present invention can include structures ergonomically designed to facilitate the mechanical forces and movements required to insert the devices of the present invention through the cortex of bone to enter the marrow space. The devices can include, e.g., an ergonomically shaped handle (or knob) to receive the force of a surgeon to puncture the bone cortex. Such a handle can be mounted, e.g., to housing, aspirator tube, plunger, sleeve, trocar, or any element of the devise associated with the piercing mechanism, to direct appropriate rotational or vector forces to the piercing mechanism. The plunger handle 130 can, for example, optionally be used to assist in the insertion of a portion of the device into the bone cavity. In these embodiments, housing 110 preferably provides a locking mechanism (not shown) to immobilize plunger handle 130 in the withdrawn position during insertion of the device. As the forces involved in bone cortex penetration can be significant, the plunger body and handle can be fabricated with the strength to receive, e.g., 70 kg/cm2 of force or repeated blows from a surgical hammer. Typically, the housing of the devices of the present invention range in length, e.g., from about 2 cm to about 30 cm, and typically have an outer diameter ranging in size from about 2 mm to about 10 mm, or more typically from about 2 mm to about 7 mm. The extraction devices are capable of extracting between about 0.5 mL to about 500 mL of aspirate material from a single piercing of a bone cavity (more typically about 2 mL to about 25 mL, about 25 mL to about 50 mL, or about 26 mL or about 50 mL to about 500 mL). Another embodiment of the devices of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. Device 200 includes housing 210, with lumen aperture 220 at first housing end 211 and optional stop 215 positioned at second housing end 212. Housing 210 encompasses (via a corresponding housing lumen) plunger body 225, which runs the length of housing 210 and extends beyond optional stop 215 at the second housing end to plunger handle 230. Filament 235 is attached at the proximal end of plunger 225. In the depicted embodiment, filament 235 comprises a bristled shape memory wire (e.g., a filament that retains memory of the desired shape, and returns to that shape upon release from containment, for example, within a housing). The device depicted in A further embodiment of the devices of the present invention is depicted in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, movement of both the filament as well as the proximal end of the housing are employed to disrupt the cellular framework within the bone cavity prior to aspiration. This embodiment of the device ( Device 300 includes housing 310, having first portion 315 and second portion 314 connected by swivel joint 313. Second housing portion 314 further includes L-bend 318 and aperture 320 at first, or proximal housing end 311 to be inserted into bone cavity 390 (shown in panels B-D). The length of the housing between the L-bend 318 and aperture 320 is preferably no greater than the inner diameter of bone cavity 390. In one embodiment, this portion of the housing optionally ranges from about 0.25 inches to about 0.375 inches. Swivel joint 313 is positioned between proximal housing end 311 and distal end 312 and can be used to rotate L-bend 318 within bone cavity 390 (see arrow X in Housing 310 encompasses most of plunger shaft 325, which runs the length of housing 310 and is attached to slide (e.g. plunger handle) 330. In the depicted embodiment, slide 330 is attached to plunger shaft 325 in a middle portion of the plunger shaft; however, slide 330 can be positioned at alternate positions along plunger 325. For example, the length of the plunger body can optionally be less than the length of the housing, and the plunger handle or slide can be positioned at or near a terminus of the plunger body. Plunger shaft 325 further includes plunger portion 328, typically positioned proximal to filament 335. Plunger portion 328 is preferably manufactured from a flexible material, so that portion 328 can be maneuvered through L-bend 318 during extension (and return) of filament 335. During use, lumen aperture 320 is inserted into bone cavity 390 ( The cavity contents are withdrawn via aspiration tube 340 positioned adjacent to housing 310. In the depicted embodiment, the lumen within first housing end 311 (e.g., the portion proximal to the point of entry into the bone cavity) functions as both the housing lumen containing filament 335 as well as a conduit leading to aspiration tube 340. Alternatively, first housing end 311 can contain multiple lumen, to provide separate filament access and aspiration conduit. Filament 735 is coupled to plunger extension 734 having at least one optional flexible region 738 proximal to filament 735. Optional flexible region 738 allows plunger extension 734 to move past optional L-bend 718 during expulsion of filament 735 into the cavity. Plunger extension 734 and plunger body 725 are removably coupled via plunger linker 733. Plunger housing 710 mates with harvesting housing 709, such that plunger linker 733 connects plunger body 725 and plunger extension 734, thereby translating any movement from slide 730 and concomitant shift in position of plunger body 725 to plunger extension 734 and attached filament 735. Material aspirated from the bone cavity (via a syringe, vacuum jar, or other means of providing a vacuum) travels along the lumen of harvest housing 709 to aspiration tube 740, and on to an optional storage receptacle (e.g., the housing lumen functions as an extension of aspiration tube 740). In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, an additional housing lumen (separate from that containing the filament) is provided as part of the harvesting housing, providing a conduit to the aspiration tube. Typically, a collection device is provided for coupling to (or preassembled with) the disposable harvest housing. In one preferred embodiment, the collection device is a collection bag. In another embodiment, the collection device is a vacuum jar, thereby providing both the mechanism for generating a vacuum and the collection means in a single element. Alternatively, the aspirated material can be stored temporarily in aspiration tube 740. Plunger body 825 and plunger handle 830 further include adjoining lumens having center shaft/filament stabilizer 828 positioned therein. Center shaft/filament stabilizer 828 is coupled at a proximal end to a portion of filament 835, and at a distal end to stabilizer handle 829. During use, center shaft/filament stabilizer 828 and filament 835 are extended together (via movement of both stabilizer handle 829 and plunger handle 830, thereby adding rigidity and stability to filament 835. Once center shaft/filament stabilizer 828 is extended to a desired length (e.g., positioned with the proximal end adjacent to the far wall of the cavity), filament 835 can be further extended laterally (e.g. sideways, or along the z-axis as compared to the x-y line of center shaft/filament stabilizer 828) into the bone cavity. Furthermore, center shaft/filament stabilizer 828 can also optionally function as a stylus in prevent occlusion of the housing lumen during the bone penetration. In another embodiment (not shown), the devices of the present invention includes a housing having a single lumen that can carry out the functions of both the housing lumen (e.g., element 105 in Methods of Extraction The present invention also provides methods for extracting contents from a bone cavity. The methods include the steps of a) inserting a proximal end of an extraction device into the bone cavity; b) extending a filament from the device into the bone cavity; c) rotating the filament thereby disrupting a localized cellular matrix; and d) aspirating components of the disrupted matrix, thereby extracting contents from the bone cavity. The bone cavity penetrated during the methods of the present invention can include, but are not limited to, cavities of the iliac crest, the jaw bone, the sternum, the tibia, and the like. Anesthesia and appropriate skin preparation at the selected site are typically performed according to methods known to one of skill in the art. Insertion of the proximal end of the extraction device is performed by placing the proximal end of the device against a bone surface (e.g., a cortical bone margin), and pressing the device against the bone surface until the proximal end has entered the bone cavity. Optionally, the epidermal layer of the skin can be pierced by a scalpel prior to employment of the device. Preferably, the proximal end of the device includes a piercing mechanism, thereby facilitating entry to the bone cavity. If necessary after traversal of the epidermal layer and subcutaneous tissue, the device is redirected to the specific desired angle of entry into the bone cavity. The desired angle of entry will be dependent in part upon the site selected as well as any anatomical landmarks of the particular patient. In one embodiment of the methods of the present invention, linear force is applied to the device, typically to the distal end. The force must be sufficient to push the proximal end of the device through the wall of the bone cavity (e.g. the proximal cortical bone layer) without damaging the far wall (the distal cortical bone layer) or exiting the cavity. Where the piercing mechanism is, e.g., a sharp angular or circular tip, penetration of the bone cortex requires a linear vector of force along the axis of the housing lumen of up to, for example, about 70 kg/cm2. In another embodiment, the proximal end of the device includes a piercing mechanism with a screwing or drilling mechanism requiring considerably less linear force but input of rotational force to progressively break up or remove overlying cortical bone. Such rotational force can be provided by, e.g., a hand-operated or electric motor powered mechanism. A stop mechanism, such as an adjustable locking collar about the housing, can be employed to prevent excessive penetration as the piercing mechanism enters the marrow cavity. In some embodiments of the methods of the present invention, the extraction device has an L-bend at the proximal end. When using this class of extraction device, insertion of the proximal end of the device further includes the optional step of rotating the proximal end of the device such that the L-bend is maneuvered within the bone cavity. Preferably, the rotation and concomitant insertion of the proximal end of the device is performed prior to extending the filament. As noted in the above descriptions of devices appropriate for use in the methods of the present invention, the filament of the extraction device is coupled to a plunger body having a plunger handle. While the plunger handle can assist in the insertion of the device; it is primarily used to extend and retract the filament into the bone cavity. The step of extending the filament typically involves moving the plunger handle toward the proximal end of the housing, thereby moving the plunger body along the housing lumen and concomitantly shifting the filament out of the first lumen aperture and into the bone cavity. The filament is advanced into the marrow cavity an appropriate distance (e.g., about 5 mm to about 25 mm) as determined by the style of filament used and the bone cavity involved. Optionally, a portion of the plunger body is fitted with screw threads that mate to threads on the inner diameter of the housing lumen. In these embodiments, turning or rotating the plunger handle leads to a meterable movement of the plunger body and extension of the filament into the bone cavity. In embodiments in which the plunger handle is an ergonomically fitted grip or a knob, the handle is typically grasped during movement. In embodiments in which the handle is a slide or button, the plunger handle may only need to be pressed into position, e.g., by thumb pressure, in order to deploy the filament. Prior to (and/or concomitant with) aspiration of the bone cavity contents, the filament is moved or rotated within the bone cavity. Movement of the filament disrupts any localized cellular matrix, such as the trabecula or connective tissue. Translocation of the filament can be achieved manually (e.g., by turning, rotating, or otherwise manipulating the plunger body via the handle), or the plunger body and/or handle can be coupled to an external power source, such as the power shaft of a dental handpiece (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,425,761 to Eibofner �Drive system for dental handpiece�; U.S. Pat. No. 6,273,718 by Schwenoha, �Dental handpiece�; U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,345 to Abbott �Vane motor for dental and medical handpieces� and references cited therein) or other commercially-available devices from, e.g., Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park, Ill.) American Dental Technologies (Corpus Christi, Tex.), Baxter Scientific Products (Deerfield, Ill.), Sybron Dental Specialties (Orange, Calif.), and the like. The degree of rotation of the filament within the bone cavity can range from a small degree (e.g., about 5�, 10� 15�) for a small or tight enclosure, to 180� or 360� for a fairly expansive compartment. In some embodiments of the invention, the filament can be repeatedly rotated about a full circle. Intermediate angles of rotation (for example, a 45�, 90�, 120� or 270� rotation) are also contemplated in the methods of the present invention. The optimal degree of rotation and number of rotation movements will depend upon the size of the bone cavity, type of filament employed, and desired extraction volume, and as such can be easily determined by one of skill in the art without excess experimentation. Optionally, the methods of the invention includes embedding or otherwise pivotably-engaging an end of the filament and/or a stabilizing wire at an opposing marrow cavity wall to enhance the efficiency and/or accuracy of disruption of the matrix during use. For example, one embodiment of the filament includes an embedding point, which can be removeably implanted into a far wall of the bone cavity. The body of the filament is then gyrated between the two fixed points (e.g., the aperture of the device and the opposite wall of the cavity). Filament greater in length than the distance across the marrow cavity can be extended into the cavity, e.g., so that undulations of excess filament can extend into cavity recesses during rotational movements thereby disrupting hard to reach bone marrow cells. Aspiration of the released cavity contents is typically accomplished by applying a vacuum or partial vacuum (i.e., less than atmospheric pressure) to the device via the aspiration tube. In one embodiment of the methods, aspiration is performed by attaching a syringe to a second opening of the aspiration tube and partially withdrawing the syringe plunger. In another embodiment, a container having a partial vacuum in place (e.g., a vacuum jar) is attached to the aspiration tube. Optionally, the extraction device is equipped with such a collection device. Alternatively, a collection receptacle coupled to a vacuum pump is attached to the aspiration tube, thereby providing a mechanism for collecting aspirated cavity contents. The volume of material aspirated can vary widely depending, e.g., on factors such as the condition of the patient, the location of the extraction, the forces employed, the ratio of marrow to blood retrieved, and the like. Typically, between about 0.5 mL and about 10 mL of marrow material is extracted during a single penetration; however, blood volume will increase the total volume aspirated during the procedure. For example, the volume (including blood) extracted from a single insertion at the iliac crest of a small child can be about 2 to about 10 milliliters, whereas a similar extraction from a healthy adult male can provide about 200 to about 300 milliliters, or more of aspirate. It is an aspect of the invention that the number of stem cells obtained per milliliter of aspirate can be higher than for the prior art due to the enhanced release of bone marrow cells during aspiration, thus requiring lower aspirate volumes overall. Optionally, rotation of the filament and aspiration of the released cavity contents is performed in a concomitant manner (either simultaneously, or by repeatedly alternating between rotation of the filament and aspiration of released contents in rapid succession). In some embodiments of the methods of the present invention, rotation of the filament is preceded by extension of a thin sleeve or housing proximal to the first lumen aperture of the device (i.e., where the filament extends from the housing), which facilitates a more complete and/or free rotation of the filament within the cavity during disruption of the marrow tissue. Optionally, the procedure can be repeated at a secondary bone cavity entry site, until an adequate extraction volume or cell count is generated. Once the extraction process has been competed, the filament is withdrawn into the device (by movement of the plunger handle) and the device is removed from the bone cavity. At this point, standard post-operational procedures are exercised, such as application of an appropriate pressure dressing, and bandaging of the incision. Additional Embodiments Devices and methods of the invention can be modified, e.g., to allow pathologists to obtain clinical samples for analysis, to provide biopsy samples (when larger volume or multiple samples are desired), and the like. As analytical methods generally require less sample that therapeutic regimes such as bone marrow transplants, the devices can be smaller in scale. Such devices can provide adequate clinical samples form smaller bones than standard techniques. The present invention also provides devices and methods for delivery of a composition, such as a drug, cell, chemical, or combination thereof. For example, a preparation of stem cells or a chemotherapy for treatment of, e.g., a leukemia or bone cancer, can be directly administered to a bone cavity using the devices of the present invention. The housing lumen and/or the aspiration tube can be used to administer a composition to the bone cavity after penetration of the cavity by the device. For example, pharmaceutical compositions can be administered within a bone marrow cavity by filling the aspiration tube and/or collection receptacle with the composition and pressurizing the aspiration system to force the composition into the cavity. In another example, a luer-lock port can be installed in fluid contact with the aspiration tube or housing lumen to allow direct injection of pharmaceutical compositions into the bone marrow cavity using a standard syringe. Furthermore, the present invention provides devices and methods for deployment of one or more diagnostic devices inside a cavity, such as a bone cavity. For example, drug releasing/dispensing devices, cell growth hormone sources, radiation sources, and stem cell �farms� or other cell culturing devices are just a few potential devices that could be deployed in the bone cavity using the device and/or methods of the present invention. Modifications can be made to the methods and devices as described above without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as claimed, and the invention can be put to a number of different uses, including: The use of any method herein, to extract material from a bone cavity. The use of any device or integrated system as described herein, to extract material from a bone cavity. An assay, kit or system utilizing a device of the present invention, or use of any one of the extraction strategies or methods hereinbefore described. Kits will optionally additionally include one or more of: instructions for operating the devices of the present invention, instructions for performing the methods of the present invention, one or more containers which contain sterile solutions, device or system components, marking devices, packaging materials, or the like. In a further aspect, the present invention provides for the use of any provided device herein for the practice of any method herein. While the foregoing invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be clear to one skilled in the art from a reading of this disclosure that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the true scope of the invention. For example, all the techniques and apparatus described above can be used in various combinations. All publications, patents, patent applications, and/or other documents cited in this application are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, patent application, and/or other document were individually indicated to be incorporated by reference for all purposes. Patent Citations
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text:
Opened 18 months ago
Closed 18 months ago
#21320 closed Uncategorized (duplicate)
Template debug gives misleading error for exceptions with django.core.urlresolvers.resolve
Reported by: | ellisd23@… | Owned by: | nobody |
Component: | Template system | Version: | 1.5 |
Severity: | Normal | Keywords: | |
Cc: | Triage Stage: | Unreviewed | |
Has patch: | no | Needs documentation: | no |
Needs tests: | no | Patch needs improvement: | no |
Easy pickings: | no | UI/UX: | no |
If a path sent to resolve is not found and a Resolver404 error is raised, the template debugger assumes that the path is missing is the current request path, which is not always the case. For instance, my application uses resolve to get a namespace for a path dynamically. This lead to a nonsensical error that listed my urlconf, followed by a request path that was quite clearly in the URLs, saying it was not found.
Change History (2)
comment:1 Changed 18 months ago by timo
- Needs documentation unset
- Needs tests unset
- Patch needs improvement unset
comment:2 Changed 18 months ago by ellisd23@…
- Resolution set to duplicate
- Status changed from new to closed
Yep, looks like it's a duplicate of #18373. Thanks!
Not completely sure if I'm marking it properly when I submit this comment, but I'm attempting it.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Trademark® Jumbo Slot Machine Bank
Item # WX2-215114
- Google+
- Details & Specs
Trademark® Jumbo Slot Machine Bank... deposit coins for safe keeping!
Add your own "one-armed bandit" for gaming at home with this Jumbo Slot Machine Bank... doubles as an innovative take on the "piggy bank"! With fun casino sounds and flashing Jackpot lights and a bell to heighten excitement when you win, it's a blast for the whole family! Use it as a coin savings spot too... there's a separate deposit area that won't release funds when a lucky winner hits the Jackpot.
- Wide spinning reels and working arm for life-like use
- Chrome bevel and tray for shiny look
- Accepts 98% of world coins
- Manual and jackpot coin returns
- Requires 2 "AA" batteries for light and bell (not included)
- Measures 6 x 8 1/2 x 14".
Strike it rich... get yours ONLINE today!
- Reviews
Trademark Jumbo Slot Machine Bank is rated out of 5 by 1.Rated 5 out of 5 by CARL from MY GRANDBABY LOVES IT.Date published: 2011-12-16
<!--BVSEO|dz:Main_Site-en_US|sdk:v188.8.131.52-n|msg:Error: Request errored out - The remote server returned an error: (403) Forbidden. -->
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Set of 2 Midland® Multi - channel 36 - mile 2 - way GMRS Radios with NOAA Weather Alerts, Black
Non-Members $89.99 Buyer's Club $80.99


text:
This property is unavailable.
This is the fee charged by Airbnb
This is the fee charged by Airbnb and includes VAT
Edit Summary
Contact Host
Living room
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
Hello people,
I would love to let you stay in my lovely cosy apartment when i'm not around. I'm sure you will have a perfect time in my place and the area where I live in. You will find my apartment in the area Westerpark, 2 minutes walking from a very nice park with the same name.
Area Westerpark: Westerpark is a young and lively area, just 5 minutes from the famous Jordaan, 10 mins from Central Station and the rest of the centre of the city. The Westerpark is 2 minutes walk, and is great for a walk, jogging, picknick or other outdoor activities during the day. There are also a lots of restaurants, bars and theaters all based in and around the historic Westergasfabriek (former gas factory). Public transport is widely available and in walking distance, bike rentals closely.
Arriving by car: There is a park and ride near the house. You car park your car for 8 euro per 24 hours and you receive public transport tickets to get to and from to car (5 minutes by bus and the bus stops in front of my house).
Public transport in the neighborhood: * BUS 21 Stops in front of my house and takes you to the Central Station. From there you can walk to the Dam square. * TRAM 3 leaves from the FREDERIK HENDRIKPLANTSOEN (about 5 minutes walk) and takes you to Rijksmuseum, van Goghmuseum, Concertgebouw, area called THE PIJP, Albert Cuypmarket. * TRAM 10 1 minute walk and takes you in the direction of the Leidseplein.
The apartment: - Free WIFI - TV + DVD - Fully equipped kitchen with a senseo coffee machine, toaster, fridge and cooker - Washing machine - Dishwasher - 140 x 200 cm boxspring - In august 2014 I'll renovate my bathroom!
The rent includes the following: use of bed linnen, towels, toilet paper, tea/coffee, soda for the wash and dishwashing machine! I will leave you a manual with all the instructions of the apartment together with some personal tips about Amsterdam.
I hoop to see you soon!
Greetings, Jetty
Other Things to Note
I have a new bathroom. Pictures coming soon.
HOUSE RULES. 1. Check in is possible from 10:00 am and check out is at 13:00am, but these times are flexible and we can make agreements aubout this. 2. Please do not smoke in the house but on the balcony. 3. Treat my house with care and try to leave it as you found it. 4. Please put off your shoes when you're home. Otherwise is could be quite noisy for the neighbour underneath me. 5. Don't invite other people or give any parties in my house. 6. The wardrobe and dressoir in de bedroom are privat. There will be a clothing standard and some shelves especcially for your use
LEAVING THE HOUSE. • Please put all of the laundry (bed linens, towels.) in the white laundry basket in the bedroom. • Bring your trash outside, and put it in the containers in front of the house. • Make sure you have turned off the heating, electric appliances, and the gas.
We had an amazing stay at Jetty's place. The apartment is super clean, very organized, tastefully decorated and with everything you need for a cozy stay. We appreciated that the apartment is in a residential neighborhood—away from the touristy parts of Amsterdam but still close enough to walk to the city center or get there by tram or bus. Jetty is an absolutely lovely and caring host. All the time she was very available for us. She let us feel at home and and always made sure we are comfortable.
So to sum it all up - highly recommended!!!
So much nicer than a hotel room. Cozy, artfully-decorated little place. Jetty really made me feel welcome and at-home. Great recommendations too - who can argue with "best apple pie in Amsterdam"? Even provided a bike to get around the lovely park nearby and fun neighborhoods around the city. This is easily the nicest place I've stayed in Amsterdam. Great host! Thanks!
- Goeie ontvangst door Jetty - Handig kunnen gebruikmaken van haar reisgids amsterdam - Proper appartement - Alles op wandelafstand
Aanrader ! :)
Jetty was a kind and gracious host - was always in contact to pick up and drop off keys, and allowed me to use her bike which was FANTASTIC. Would definitely recommend staying at hers!
Jetty's apartment was warm and cosy, just as advertised. We felt at home as soon as we walked through the door. It was also extremely clean and tidy, without feeling like you couldn't touch anything! We felt the apartment was the perfect size for two, and we especially loved the living room. Also, a very comfy bed! We thought the location was perfect - it is much quieter than central Amsterdam, which suited us down to the ground, and it was nice to be so close to Westerpark. Try Pacific Park restaurant there!!!! The flat is literally outside a bus stop which takes about 10mins to get to Central Station, or it is about a 30min walk, so although it is barely any distance from town it feels like a world away. Amenities were also close by, and Jetty sent us a very comprehensive lost of emergency numbers and instructions for wifi/facilites, as well as tips on where to go an how to get there. And, to top it all off, she left us a bottle of Prosecco and some sweets to welcome us!!! In our opinion, everyone should stay at Jetty's (though it may get a little crowded!). It really made our holiday, to have this to come back to.
Everything was as described and communication was very good.
We had an excellent stay at Jettys place! The apartment was great and in a nice neighborhood undiscovered by tourist crowds yet still within walking distance to many sights. Also, there are very good connections with public transportation from there if your feet get tired. Jetty was a nice, welcoming host and her tips for the neighborhood and upcoming events were spot on!
I would love to let you stay in my lovely cosy apartment when i'm not around
Are you or your friends connected with this host?
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Jetty has completed online and offline ID verification.
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text:
Agatha Christie's Classic Whodunnit The Mousetrap at Renton Civic Theatre
* Additional fees apply. No coupon or promo codes necessary to enjoy the displayed discount price.
The last date listed for The Mousetrap was Saturday March 12, 2011 / 8:00pm.
Most Popular Theater Event Nearby
Seattle's Top Celebrity-Impersonation Drag Show: Le Faux
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Spend a Las Vegas-style evening with Seattle's best female impersonators as they take on the… More
Venue Details
Reviews & Ratings
Featured review from Kathryn
view more less of this reviewWe really enjoyed the show which moved along at a good clip. The set was terrific and the characters very distinctive. The only criticism is that it was hard to see because the seats are not offset from one row to the next and the floor doesn't gain enough elevation.
star this review starred report as inappropriateGorgeous set and production values. The show was briskly paced, and the dialogue was witty and sharp. Standout performances from the lead couple and Colonel Metcalfe.
star this review starred report as inappropriateOut entire family enjoyed this show. In general, this is a rather "cheesy" script and you have to take it for how it was intended. Loved the humor of some of the characters.
Seating in this theater can inhibit visibility which can make it...continued
star this review starred report as inappropriateWe really enjoyed the event -the play was good. The only criticism is that the theatre was too warm - causing many in our group to fall asleep!
Quotes & Highlights
Learn more about the "history ":http://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie/christie-on-stage/the-mousetrap/of The Mousetrap.
A group of strangers stranded in a boarding house during a snow storm, one of whom is a murderer. The suspects include the newly married couple who run the house. Others are a spinster with a curious background, an architect who seems better equipped to be a chef, a retired Army major, a strange little man who claims his car has overturned in a drift, and a jurist who makes life miserable for everyone. Into their midst comes a policeman, traveling on skis.


text:
American Government: Institutions & Policies, AP* Edition
and and and
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- Brief Synopsis:
- NIMAC-sourced textbook
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- Book Quality:
- Publisher Quality
- 9781111830038
- Publisher:
- Cengage Learning Wadsworth
- Date of Addition:
- 08/25/14
- Copyright Date:
- 2013
- Copyrighted By:
- Cengage Learning Wadsworth
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text:
Recent projects from Craftsy Photography classes:
See More Photography Projects »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Photography |
Theme | Wedding |
What was your source for this photo?
Tell us more about what inspired you.
This was my very first wedding of the year done in the Dominican Republic. Inspiration came from the gorgeous resort and amazing hand made/designed dress by the bride.
What is exciting or interesting to you about your photo(s)? I think the light is exceptional in some of these photos and the pure natural love between the couple is exceptional.


text:
Perhaps the choice of test subject had more to do with the ease of tending to them automatically over such a long time frame; using larger organisms like lab mice would likely be impractical. Methinks the similarity in the size of the genome is a happy coincidence.
What puzzles me is why it's necessary to send animals to Mars at all. Are there really that many more cosmic rays en route to Mars than there are where the ISS is?
It's about time we launched terraforming bacteria at all the planets and moons in the solar system.
Where, if the bacteria didn't outright die, it would proceed at a pace which would make glaciers appear as a blur.
What puzzles me is why it's necessary to send animals to Mars at all. Are there really that many more cosmic rays en route to Mars than there are where the ISS is?
Courtesy of the Magnetosphere [wikipedia.org], yes. The ISS is only about 300km up, while the magnetosphere extends over a dozen Earth radii (tens of thousands of km), blocking most radiation. There is far more in space than in Earth orbit.
In my opinion, their proteins are irrelevant to the experiment. C. Elegans lives two to three weeks. Even under perfect circumstances, the trip to Mars is going to take longer than the average lifespan of these worms. That means the worms have to reproduce in order for any to reach Mars alive. The radiation might not kill them by damaging their proteins in that short time, but it could sterilize them (they're hermaphrodites, each worm can impregnate itself, but must have working reproductive organs).
What do we know about long-term effects of interplanetary radiation on humans?
Chronic and acute radiation exposure have been studied. Most animals have cell repair mechanisms that make chronic exposure much less hazardous, up to a point. Interplanetary radiation between Earth and Mars orbit is probably closer to acute levels, except that blocking Alpha radiation and some Beta is possible with just a sheet of aluminum.
I bet the worms will survive for at least two generations (4-6 weeks approx.) but die out before food and oxygen are exhausted.
More importantly, I think people would survive the trip, but suffer from being sterile long before cancer becomes an issue. That means any people living on Mars would only be visiting, unless they spent their lives below the surface and each generation became parents as young as possible.
Worms are also messy. The cabin in a shuttle, rocket or space station are kept pristine by comparison. People dispose of their waste. The decay of the worm soil might raise the pressure in their small container. That might be a problem if it's a sophisticated design with an O2 inlet and CO2 outlet/scrubber. Higher air pressure could prevent oxygen from being fed in, and the worms then suffocate.
"Dump the condiments. If we are to be eaten, we don't need to taste good." -- "Visionaries" cartoon


text:
Discover a selection of top forums rants pakistan's on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums rants pakistan's and meet other fans of rants pakistan's. Then, why don't you create your own forum of rants pakistan's ?
A cricket forum. Flaming Bails. cricket forum stuff nonsense England Australia India Pakistan South Africa West Indies Sri Lanka Bangladesh Zimbabwe New Zealand IPL ashes irreverent message board
cricket, stuff, nonsense, england, australia, india, pakistan, south, africa, west, indies, lanka, bangladesh, zimbabwe, zealand, ashes, irreverent
Forum about Poetry, Urdu Adab, Diary, Stories, Jokes and many more.
Mendocino Community Boards is the new place for announcements, discussion, and rants of all kinds.Everyone is welcome.
mendocino, community, boards, place, announcements, discussion, #rants, kinds, everyone, welcome


text: Butte Montana Womens' Surprising Role In Literary Butte By Chérie Newman • Apr 9, 2015 Cherie Newman Listen Listening... / 4:10 Womens' Surprising Role In Literary Butte When Aaron Parrett set out to make a list of the literature created in and about Butte, Montana, he discovered something surprising: Contrary to popular belief, Mary McLane was not the first novelist to come out of Butte. The first novel he discovered was published in 1880s by Josephine White Bates. Carson Becker & Stephen Dobyns: Shades Of The Past By Reflections West • Mar 18, 2015 courtesy of NMSU Listen Listening... / 4:59 Carson Becker & Stephen Dobyns: Shades Of The Past ("Reflections West," March 18, 2015) Playwright Carson Becker reflects on the legendary packs of wild dogs that used to roam Butte, Montana: Shortage Of Senior Volunteers By Eric Whitney • Mar 4, 2015 Eric Whitney A couple of programs for senior citizens and children in Montana are facing a volunteer shortage. That could mean reduced federal funding if target numbers aren't met. "As of a couple of days ago we were about a dozen short," said Megan Grotzke with Rocky Mountain Development Council in Helena. "There's a greater need for at this point for foster grandparent volunteers." American Legion Baseball In Butte Gets A Boost By Edward O'Brien • Mar 2, 2015 Butte's American Legion baseball teams are now $1 million closer to a brand new facility at Copper Mountain Park. The Dennis and Phyllis Washington Foundation and Montana Resources contributed a total of $1 million to bring a proposed $2 million American Legion baseball facility to Butte. Northwestern Energy will chip-in $50,000; half of that in cash, with the rest in the form of an in-kind labor donation to install lighting. Butte-Silver Bow Chief Executive Matt Vincent predicts lots of people will attend night games. MTPR Radio Theater By Sue Ginn • Feb 5, 2015 02/08/2015 - UM journalism professor Ray Ekness loves old radio plays. "I've always been interested in radio dramas going back to my days in college listening to War of the Worlds." Ekness produced two versions of War of the Worlds with an MTPR cast last year, one faithful to the original script and one very funny Montana version. MTPR Radio Theater Airs Classic Big Sky Dramas By MTPR • Feb 4, 2015 (Broadcast dates: Sunday, February 8, 2015, 6:00 p.m. and Sunday, April 12, 2015, 6:00 p.m.) Listen Listening... / 59:51 MTPR Radio Theater Airs Classic Big Sky Dramas. MTPR staff members perform the radio dramas "Quiet Please: A Mile High and A Mile Deep" and "Empire Builders: The Billion Dollar Baby" UM journalism professor Ray Ekness loves old radio plays. "I've always been interested in radio dramas going back to my days in college listening to War of the Worlds." Regan deVictoria & Ed Lahey: Leaving Butte By Beth Anne Austein • Jan 28, 2015 courtesy of the Lahey family "You come to Butte, Montana direct from seven exhausting years in the city, seeking solace, expecting blight, and finding home." Missoula native Regan deVictoria fell for Butte "as you do a man with a harelip despite deformities, and later, because of them." Poet Ed Lahey was born to a family of Butte miners in 1936. From his adopted home of Missoula, he looked back at The Mining City: EPA To Release Berkeley Pit Landslides Study By Eric Whitney • Oct 29, 2014 A new study on the probability of more landslides at the Berkeley Pit Superfund site in Butte will be made public soon. Last week Silver Bow County commissioners got a tour of the Butte Superfund site, led by Steve Walsh, an executive with Montana Resources. That company is actively mining for copper and molybdenum at the Continental Pit in Butte, but has operations at Berkeley Pit as well. From a point high on the Berkeley Pit's rim, Walsh pointed out where the company used to be more active there until last year. Montana Folk Fest 2014: Art Car Culture By Christopher Allen • Jul 30, 2014 Christopher Allen The fourth annual Montana Folk Festival recently took over Butte, Mont., fulfilling its annual promise of music, dancing, food, and a big hill to climb. Montana Public Radio's Christopher Allen was there and shares this behind the scenes recap of not only the music and the performers, but also some quirky examples of folk art never before seen at the Montana Folk Festival. Montana Folk Fest 2014: Art Car Culture By Sue Ginn • Jul 23, 2014 07/30/2014 - A record 175,000 people from all over the world traveled to Butte for the Montana Folk Festival in 2014. In it's fourth year, the 'Richest Hill on Earth' not only hosted a slew of internationally renowned musicians and visual artists, but unfurled its "Culture of the Car" celebration, demonstrating that folk art thrives everywhere. On the stage, the canvas, even the hood of a station wagon. http://montanafolkfestival.com/pages/home.php Pages1 2 next › last »


text:
Racing is hugely popular these days and just like in any of those races; we want to Race To Win the heavenly prize that is waiting for us.
"Do you not know that those who run in a race all run, but one receives the prize? Run in such a way that you may obtain it."
1 Corinthians 9:24


text:
Definition of foresaid
a. - Mentioned before; aforesaid.
The word "foresaid" uses 8 letters: A D E F I O R S.
No direct anagrams for foresaid found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after foresaid (in bold), or to adefiors in any order:
a - aforesaid e - feodaries
List all words starting with foresaid, words containing foresaid or words ending with foresaid
All words formed from foresaid by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: fo or re es sa ai id
Browse words starting with foresaid by next letter
Previous word in list: fores
Next word in list: foresail
Some random words: aiglet iatric soever lo ascariases praam chablis
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text:
Formalisation of Plea Bargaining in Germany - Will the New Legislation Be Able to Square the Circle?Regina E. RauxlohSchool of Law - University of Southampton 2010 Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 34, pp. 296-331, 2010 Abstract: Although the guilty plea is unknown in the German criminal procedure, informal negotiations which can be compared to plea bargaining in common law systems, play an increasing role in the German criminal process. Like plea bargaining in England and Wales, informal agreements in Germany have long been strongly criticised. After years of debate among academics and practitioners and developing case law on in-formal agreements, the German Federal Parliament has now passed new legislation which regulates agreements and makes them part of the formal procedure (Gesetz zur Regelung der Verständigung im Strafverfahren). This paper will discuss the development and current prac-tice of informal procedures in Germany and analyse the new legislation. It will argue that the German legislator has missed the opportunity to debate the underlying problems which made informal negotiations necessary in the first place. Number of Pages in PDF File: 28 Date posted: July 4, 2011Suggested CitationContact Information
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May 25, 2002
Fogarty Holds Race Shop Grand Opening
© 2015, Roadracing World Publishing, Inc.
(This original, copyrighted material may not be copied, cut and pasted, published or otherwise reproduced in any way in any medium, which means, don't post this on another website or BBS. If you want somebody else to see this, send, share or tweet a link or post a link to this page.)
Copyright 2002, Roadracing World Publishing, Inc.

Foggy Workshop Opens For Business

By Glenn LeSanto

Carl Fogarty officially opened his Burton on Trent based workshop on May 21. The 12,500 square-foot facility looks impressive, and has just about anything you'd want in a fully fitted race shop, bar one important feature - the bikes!

Fogarty insisted that the bikes are on schedule and the team will race at Laguna Seca in July. "It's incredible what you can do with shit loads of money," said Fogarty to his assembled guests. But his riders still haven't actually ridden the FP1 three-cylinder Superbike, although they have sat on a mock up. James Haydon described the bike, designed by Steve Eviritt Automobile Design as 'beautiful'. The team claimed that the looks haven't compromised efficiency, saying that the bike proved extremely effective in the wind-tunnel. "I can't wait for you all to see it," said Haydon.

Troy Corser has also seen the bike, "It's come a long way," said the former World Superbike champion. "I have faith in this team and I can't wait to get out on the track and ride." Haydon agreed, saying, "let's go racing."

In an official opening ceremony that was heavy on dignitaries and VIPs but light on press men, Foggy showed visitors the fully equipped dyno room, and then the prayer room. Petronas, which is bank-rolling the team, is based in the Muslim state of Malaysia, so a prayer room is a must at any of its facilities. Given the short lead time the project has to get the bikes from nothing to the grid the prayer room might well come in handy, even for the non-Muslims on Foggy's payroll. Fogarty claimed the prayer room's toilet cost £3000 (about $4500), and certainly no expense seems to have been spared fitting out the huge workshop, which was an empty shell only a few weeks earlier. The facility also has an extensive office suite for the administrative staff, including Fogarty's office, which he shares with his wife, Michaela, and which overlooks the factory floor with a picture window. You can easily imagine Foggy's legendary eyes boring down on the workers toiling below!

The bikes themselves will be shown to the press in London on June 11.
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"Republic Wireless" Review
Submitted by MindUrBusiness on Thu, 10/10/2013 - 18:17OK so I have seen ads for this wireless company for the last couple years but never gave much thought to it until recently. I wanted to change providers and look for some better rates when I remembered the name Republic Wireless. Needless to say with a name like that I was interested. The service is a hybrid that uses WiFi whenever available and when not available uses the Sprint network or any of Sprints roaming partners for both data and voice.
They are able to offer "UNLIMITED" data, voice and text from the savings offset by the WiFi use. $19.00 a month is the current plan price for unlimited everything. In November they are offering the new "Moto X" android that will have plans ranging from $5 $10 and $25 dollars a month that will only work with the new phones. They will allow you to switch between plans anytime during the month through the phone itself and charges are prorated for the days spent on each plan. The $5 dollar plan gives you unlimited text,voice,data through Wifi only, $10 plan gives you the same but adds unlimited cellular voice and text when WiFi isn't available. The $25 plan is unlimited everything Wifi and cellular.
So far I am loving this phone and the service. This is a "No Contract" service paid on a month to month recurring charge to your bank card/account. The phone I have is the Motorola Defy XT, not the newest phone on the market but it is made very well. It's current price is $99.00 the new "Moto X" phone is $299.00 but from what I hear if you buy this phone off contract from anyone else it is $600.00 Motorola also has a $100 refund if you turn in your old Defy XT from any cell provider. They may be giving refunds on other Motorola phones as well.
Bottom line to me is that this company really seems to understand the free-market and is doing their best to offer customers the best product at the best price. If your interested do your own research, there are some reviews of the phones and the service on YouTube and other forums. There is short comings such as with current phones you cannot send and receive picture messages unless you use an app such as snapchat, instagram or others. The reason for this is the technology they are using is newer than the current cell providers, Sprint is upgrading their network and MMS messaging will work with the new Moto X and the Sprint network.
I just thought I would share my Republic Wireless experience with my fellow DPers if you decide to give them a try use my link below and both you and I will get $19.00 off our service. The referral program is another service they offer to all of their customers.
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I have known about RW
for a long time. I signed up a couple of days after the first launch.
I was waiting to see how it actually panned out. And now the plans are really cheap.
And the new pricing plans are really cheap. There are others besides the $19 plan.
Ron Paul is My President
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Updated 09/12/2013
Owned and operated by an oyster-loving Irishman, locals rave about the cottage's authentic pub vibe, sun-filled patio, and inventive Emerald Isle–inspired food. The Whiskey Wall has won numerous awards and features more than 80 whiskeys—you'll find Irish, Scotch, American, and Canadian. There's nightly live music that ranges from traditonal Irish folk or jazz to blues and Motown. End your night (or meal) with the Sticky Toffee Pudding.


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L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara Review
L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara is a new formula of L'Oreal Voluminous Mascara that's available at drugstores for Summer 2014. L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara is quite cute and should be appealing to fans of manga, I know it was one reason I purchased it. Shrug…! I dunno why but I thought the packaging was cute with the wide eyed panda!
I haven't had a ton of success with the Voluminous formula so I was skeptical about L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara's formula s well.
Take a look!
L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara has a tapered brush with flexible wand that promises to create a "Manga" look or more accurately put they created a formula to give you super longer lashes that give the appearance of brighter, wider eyes, think of it as the doll-like lash look.
The 360 degree flexor brush is great if you're a wriggler when applying mascara as this allows you to wriggle the wand and the brush will flex and gently sway as you apply your mascara. Personally I think this wand combined with the formula which has a tendency to clump is a disaster for application! I'd have preferred a stiff none flexing wand.
I find the formula very wet but it does build a good deal of length and quite a bit of volume as well. The mascara, strangely enough, mimics it's marketing as you'll find it creates the same look that the panda on the packaging sports. It's a very wide eye look. In particularly the mascara grabs and lengthens the bottom lashes dramatically!
It's a not a formula everyone will love. If you have shorter, stubbier lashes I see it being very messy to apply. Those with already fairly longer lashes will find this adds great length and fair volume. I think the completed look though is a bit messy. It does clump if you aren't careful and I find my lashes all stick together in a wet mess. Curl your lashes prior when possible to avoid a mess as I find it works better on curled lashes.
It's very lightweight and doesn't make my lashes stiff or crunchy and removes easily without smudging or flaking throughout the day on my drier eyes. I wouldn't say it curls lashes so curl your lashes prior as it will keep your curl without drooping through the wear.
Just keep in mind the look it creates is more of a spidery, wet so it's less of a doll look and more of the "manga" look they promote as it gives that wider, innocent look. I think the thing that impressed me most about it was the fact it added such great length to my lower lashes! If you have almond shaped eyes it'll look quite dramatic.
L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara Before and After
L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara isn't a life changing formula but it's fun. I wouldn't call it bad but it isn't something I'd likely use daily…! But when I'm feeling playful? Sure! I kinda like the look it creates.
Anyone try it?
Do share!
L'Oreal Miss Manga Mascara is available now at drugstores or drugstore.com.
This product was purchased
by the Muse for review purposes.
Read my full disclosure statement here.
5/27/14 12:20 Gillie:
I *almost* bought this on my last trip through the cosmetics section at the big box store. After your review, I'm not sure I'd be happy with it (other than the packaging), which is a bummer.
It sounds like the formula is similar to Maybelline Great Lash Big, which I hate because it gets everywhere. I still love the packaging on the Miss Manga, though…so please tell me I'm wrong about the comparison!
5/27/14 12:25 Isabella Muse:
mmmmmm not really Great Lash Gillie. Great Lash is drier and produces less length in my humblest. This is a good if you already have fairly long lashes as it'll add considerably length but if you have shorter lashes it can be very, very messy! It's interesting but not something I'd use daily. I wish the packaging extended to the mascara, as they don't have that cute panda on the mascara itself just on the outer packaging you toss out sadness!
5/27/14 12:33 Gillie:
Thanks for the feedback! Why must I be so picky and indecisive!?!?! I should just go pick it up already.
5/27/14 12:34 Isabella Muse:
grab it, you hate it, return it
5/27/14 13:02 Kimmy:
Great review! Do you know if the coloured versions of these will be coming to the U.S. Market (closet to me)? Otherwise, I will be going to London in a few weeks and wonder if they are worth picking up .
5/27/14 13:04 Isabella Muse:
not yet, just black, brown, dark black but no colored yet! I wouldn't get them in London, they'll cost you a mint and will likely launch in the US in a few months time.
5/27/14 14:02 Kimmy:
Ok, thanks for the advice. I may still cave though! Boots is sooooo dangerous.
5/27/14 14:28 Isabella Muse:
you don't have to tell me! I lived there while in the UK last year and Super Drug!
5/27/14 14:21 Miss_Silk:
Oh man…I was just at a convention called Fanime for 4-5 days…and every time I went into the nearest drugstore, I'd hear giggles from all the cosplayers who pass by this product. People bought it just because it said Manga lol!
5/27/14 14:27 Isabella Muse:
LOL Miss Silk sounds like me…:-D totally silly! How was Fanime?!?! did you dress up?
5/27/14 14:23 meganlia:
I LOVE this mascara! It's my new favorite and I'm wearing it every day right now. I do have long lashes so maybe that's part of it. And I stick to one coat (touch the tips of my pale lashes and let it dry then do a full coat). If I add a second coat my eyes do start looking a little bit too doll-like. But I just love it.
5/27/14 14:26 Isabella Muse:
yay happy to hear you love it megan! I think it works best with longer lashes! It could prove a clumpy mess for those with super short lashes though
5/27/14 20:53 meganlisa:
Everyone has different challenges, right? We just work with them. And, I don't mind looking like a manga doll so I started out ahead on this one. And with long lashes. Love it…
Will be checking back to see if you spot the blue here in the US. Thanks for finding these products!!!-
5/28/14 9:18 Isabella Muse:
absolutely Happy to hear you're liking it Megan aw my pleasure and hopefully we get the other shades!
5/27/14 14:55 Tracy:
I am actually returning mine today. I put this on last night and although I liked how it made my lashes look at first, 20 minutes later I noticed it had made a flaky mess below my lower lash line and all over my face. Glad I tried it just hanging around my house instead of out in public because I would have never known.
5/27/14 15:03 Isabella Muse:
thank god no flakes for me! sorry to hear it tracy!
6/24/14 13:31 Eli Caroline:
mine flaked all over the place too
The final result looks like every other mascara you review!
5/27/14 16:02 Isabella Muse:
sorry lc, I guess I don't take the best macro shots of my eye.
5/27/14 18:13 Jess:
I bought this on sunday! I think it looks great with one (generous) coat, or as a layer over my regular fav mascara, but any more than that and I don't like the affect for everyday use (but for really dramatic lashes, or cosplay, or times when I want falsies but don't have them, it'd be great with more coats).
My only complaint is that it isn't water proof :C It's probably not as good for your lashes but I really prefer it. I hate worrying that it's gonna smudge or something, or get everywhere if it gets wet.
6/1/14 0:41 maria A:
I found the waterproof one online and I also seen the waterproof one in target today : )
5/27/14 20:01 Kadie Lee:
Mascara is such a difficult thing to review because it's so different for everyone. I adore this one, but you're not the only person that I've read was less than enamored with it.
5/28/14 9:23 Isabella Muse:
too true Kadie! It really is a product you have to try for yourself!
5/27/14 20:19 Jade:
I'm guilty for wanting this just because I'm a huge anime and manga nerd but I'm not sure I'd like it based on the reviews I've seen lol
5/28/14 9:22 Isabella Muse:
same here, only reason I purchased it haha!
5/28/14 8:54 kellly:
Ok first a disclaimer. There is no such thing as too much volumizing for me. So of course I grabbed this the instant I saw it. My reaction is similar; "meh". It clumps quite a bit and the wand shape with the wavy profile seems to encourage the clumping, but I guess that's the look they were going for – glued together lashes subbing for individual lash volume. The mascara is ok, not bad enough for returning it but I only use it as a top coat over my other mascaras and have to be careful to avoid that clumping effect it seems to be intended to create.
5/28/14 9:13 Isabella Muse:
same experience here kellly…the clumping is the look they are marketing so it does deliver that. If you're careful you can def avoid the clumpy drama and get some nice and full lashes but overall it is quite messy and not something I'd likely use daily but every so often, sure, why not!
5/28/14 9:48 Sabrina:
This mascara is okay. I like the formula more than some of the "wetter" formulas and I don't deal with clumping so much when I use this. Still – I need something that holds a curl and this doesn't do it for me. I've gone through so many of your mascara reviews, Muse – any suggestions? I have regular length lashes but I want them to look thick and curl. (I use a curler every day) *begs for your suggests*
5/28/14 10:21 Isabella Muse:
hey sabrina! aw understand totally! My favs are Tarte Lights, Camera, lashes and MAC Extended play is also very good at keeping curl Hope this helps!!
5/28/14 12:45 mayrei:
I got this about a week ago and so far I'm really liking it. It's not really a replacement for my favorites, but there's something about the big, open, doll-eye look that I'm digging at the moment. I do have long eyelashes and I agree that it works better if you do. I think it wears really well, too, no flaking or anything.
6/1/14 0:39 maria A:
I actually purchased this mascara today and I love love love it so much that im going back for the black color. I got black brown without realizing it. It makes my lashes super long. I have medium length lashes. I kinda like the wet formula. I like that it doesn't make my lashes feel dry and it removes very easy without leavig gunk behind.
6/2/14 12:53 Isabella Muse:
yeah happy to hear it maria!
6/3/14 13:05 Tricia:
Anyone found this at Ulta yet? Not at my local store and it's not on their website.
6/3/14 13:12 Isabella Muse:
drugstore.com has it
8/1/14 23:39 Danadoo:
So is the formula similar to loreal's voluminous lashes? I have to ask because I DESPISE that with a passion. It was the only mascara that I threw in the trash after only one wear..I knew it could not redeem itsself after the clumpy wet streaky mess itmade all over my poor face!
12/28/14 18:36 Debbie:
I love it! I found it at Ulta. I'm a "senior" or as we say GGW, Granny Gone Wild. I don't care for a lot of thick makeup, so this is perfect! Gives me volume and length without the weight of heavy mascara.


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