text:
Associate Professor of Engineering
Ph.D, Engineering Science, Pennsylvania State University
MS, Physics, Yonsei University, South Korea
BS, Physics, Yonsei University, South Korea
MCAR Suite #501F, Norfolk State University,
700 Park Ave., Norfolk, VA 23504,
Phone: (757) 823-0051
Fax: (757) 823-2698
Email: email@example.com
Dr. Hargsoon Yoon earned his Ph.D. degree in Engineering Science from Pennsylvania State University in 2003. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Physics from Yonsei University, South Korea. Dr. Yoon also worked at Hynix Semiconductor Co. as a senior research engineer and a task force leader for system integrated circuit device development for seven years. After working as a post-doc at Pennsylvania State University and a research associate professor at University of Arkansas, he joined the Department of Engineering at the Norfolk State University in 2010 as an associate professor.
Dr. Yoon has developed several flexible polymer nanoelectronic devices and is investigating nanotechnology-based neural sensors and modulators for biomedical applications. His recent research interest is focused on the development of hybrid electronic and optical sensing systems for in-vivo neural sensing in the brain. He serves as an Associate Editor of a Journal, Smart Nanosystems in Engineering and Medicine, and a program committee of SPIE international conference for Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems. Dr. Yoon is also involved in several peer-review processes of internationally reputed journals. Dr. Yoon is a member of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society and SPIE International Society.
5. | Michael Polanco, Hargsoon Yoon, Sebastian Bawab, "Micromotion-induced dynamic effects from a neural probe and brain tissue interface" J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS. 13(2), 023009, 2014. |
4. | H. Yoon, H.J. Kim, E. Song, K.D. Song, U. Lee, L.D. Sanford, S.H. Choi, "A hat-type wireless power transmission for a nano-neural sensing system, Smart Nanosys. Eng. Med. vol.1, 88, 2012. |
3. | R. Zhu, G.L. Huang, H. Yoon, C.S. Smith, V.K. Varadan, "Biomechanical strain analysis at the interface of brain and nanowire electrodes on a neural probe", J. Nanotech. Eng. Med., vol.2, 031001, 2011. |
2. | H. Yoon, P. Hankins, S. Oh, R. E. Haubaugh, V. K. Varadan, "Heterostructured IrO2/Au nanowire electrodes and unit recordings from hippocampal rat brain" J. Nanotech. Engineering Medicine, vol.1, Issue 2, 021006. 2010. |
1. | H. Yoon, D. C. Deshpande, V. K. Varadan, T. Kim, E. Jeong, and R. E. Harbaugh, "Development of titanium needle probes for neural recording" J. Nanotech. Engineering Medicine, vol.1, Issue1, 011004, 2010. |
1. | In-vivo Neural Sensing and Functional Imaging of Neural Activity in the Brain using Smart Materials, World Congress of Smart Materials, Busan, South Korea, March 2015. | 2. | In-vivo electrical sensing of neural activity and smart optics application in the brain, International conference CIMTEC 2012 at Tuscany, Italy, June 2012. | 3. | Nanotechnology: development of devices and electrodes," International Eioelectrics Workshop, Norfolk, VA , July 2012. |
27. | Michael Polanco, Hargsoon Yoon, Sebastian Bawab, "Finite Element Analysis for Time-Dependent Dynamic Effects from a Neural Probe and Brain Tissue Interface," Neural Interface Conference, Dallas, TX, June 2014. |
26. | Min H. Kim, Darryl W. Scott, Alonzo Jenkins, Nakyia Hinton, Hargsoon Yoon, Laurie L. Wellman, Larry D. Sanford, "Amperometric Sensing of Glutamate in the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) and Neuro-Potential Recordings across Sleep-wake States," Neural Interface Conference, Dallas, TX, June 2014. |
25. | Min H. Kim, Young Kee Ryu, Hargsoon Yoon, Ilho Nam, Darryl W. Scott, Larry D. Sanford, "A dual-function electronic module for chronic neural sensing and optogenetic stimulation," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
24. | Hargsoon Yoon, Min H. Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Kyo D. Song, Laurie L. Wellman, Larry D. Sanford, Hae S. Kim, Sang H. Choi, "Development of an electrical and optical neural probe for neurotransmitter sensing in the brain," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
23. | Darryl W. Scott, Min H. Kim, Camille Cooper, Hargsoon Yoon, "Nano-electrode array for in-vivo action potential recording in the brain," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
22. | Min H. Kim, Hargsoon Yoon, "Development of a flexible supercapacitor using iridium oxide nanowire and active carbon electrodes," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
21. | Min H. Kim, Young Kee Ryu, Hargsoon Yoon, Ilho Nam, Darryl W. Scott, Larry D. Sanford, "A dual-function electronic module for chronic neural sensing and optogenetic stimulation," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
20. | Hargsoon Yoon, Min H. Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Kyo D. Song, Laurie L. Wellman, Larry D. Sanford, Hae S. Kim, Sang H. Choi, "Development of an electrical and optical neural probe for neurotransmitter sensing in the brain," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
19. | Darryl W. Scott, Min H. Kim, Camille Cooper, Hargsoon Yoon, "Nano-electrode array for in-vivo action potential recording in the brain," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
18. | Min H. Kim, Hargsoon Yoon, "Development of a flexible supercapacitor using iridium oxide nanowire and active carbon electrodes," SPIE 2014 Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego, CA, 2014. |
17. | Min Hyuck Kim, Hargsoon Yoon, Laurie L. Wellman, Larry D. Sanford, "In-vivo sensing of glutamate levels in the basolateral amygdala across sleep-wake states," Proc. IEEE Sensors 2013 348-350, 2013. |
16. | Courtney S. Smith, Darryl W. Scott, Min H. Kim, Larry D. Sanford, Kyo D. Song, Hargsoon Yoon, "Polyimide neural probe for chronic sensing of neural activity and micro-positioning," SPIE Proceedings Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8691, 86910N, 2013 |
15. | Michael Polanco, Hargsoon Yoon, Sebastian Bawab, "Micromotion-induced dynamic effects from a neuron probe and brain tissue interface," SPIE Proceedings Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8691, 869109, 2013. |
14. | 14. H. Yoon, "Nanotechnology: Development of devices and electrodes," International Bioelectrics Workshop, 2012. |
13. | Hargsoon Yoon, Kyo D. Song, Uhn Lee M.D., Sang H. Choi, "Microwave thermal radiation effects on skin tissues," SPIE Proceedings Nanosystems in Engineering and Medicine, Vol. 8548, 85482R, 2012. |
12. | M. Polanco, H. Yoon, K. Lee, S. Bawab, "Predicting brain tissue deformation around an implantable electrode due to dynamic micromotion," Vol.8344, 83441l, 2012. |
11. | K.D. Song, H. Yoon, U. Lee, S.H. Choi, "Thermal effects of X-band microwaves on skin tissues," SPIE Proc. Nanosystems in Engineering and Medicine, Vol. 8344, 834418 (2012) |
10. | Y. Park, H. Yoon, U. Lee, G.C. King, S. Choi, "Mathematical simulation for integrated linear Fresnel spectrometer chip," SPIE Proc. Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8344, 83440D (2012). |
9. | H. Yoon, H. Kim, S.H. Choi, L.D. Sanford, D. Geddis, K. Lee, J. Kim, K.D. Song, "Wireless power using magnetic resonance coupling for neural sensing applications," SPIE Proc. Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8344, 83440S (2012). |
8. | Sang Y. Yang; Kyo D. Song; Hargsoon Yoon; Jaehwan Kim, "Investigation of coplanar strip dipole rectenna elements for microwave power transmission: simulation and experiment," SPIE Proc. Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8344, 83441H (2012). |
7. | C. S. Smith, C. M. Bowie, K. D. Song, V. K. Varadan, W. Kim, and H. Yoon*, Electrochemical Investigation of nano-electrodes for biomedical sensing applications in the brain," Proceedings of SPIE, vol.7980, 798011 (2011). |
6. | C. Smith, K.D. Song, H. Yoon, W. Kim, T. Zeng, L.D. Sanford, "Development and investigation of flexible polymer neural probe for chronic neural recording ," SPIE Proc. Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Vol. 8344, 834404 (2012). |
5. | H. Yoon, K. D. Song, K. Lee, J. Kim, and S. H. Choi, "Near field effects of millimeter-wave power transmission for medical applications," SPIE Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, Proceedings of SPIE vol.7980, pp.798012 (2011). |
4. | H. Yoon*, C. Smith, C. Bowie, and K. Song, "Neural Electrodes with Sensing Core and Shielding Grid Nano-Structures for Chronic Neural," UKC 2010 Symposium, Seattle WA, Aug. 2010. |
3. | C. Smith, K. Song, and H. Yoon*, "Design and Development of Heterostructured Nanoelectrodes to Shield Cell Adsorptions and Enhance Chronic Neural Recording," Neural Interface Conference, Long Beach CA, June 2010. |
2. | H. Yoon, F. Williams, K. D. Song, S. Y. Yang, J. Kim; K. Lee; S. H. Choi, "Rectennas performance based on substrates for bio-medical applications," SPIE Nanosensors, Biosensors, and Info-Tech Sensors and Systems, San Diego CA Mar. 2010 |
1. | 27. C. Smith, K. Song, and H. Yoon*, Development of Wireless Neural Probing System for Simultaneous Dopamine and Neural Impulse Sensing in Addictive Behaviors," Society for Research on Nicotine and Tabacco, Baltimore MD, Feb. 2010. |
We are developing neural sensing and functional imaging devices and systems to measure dynamic neural activity of neuronal populations.
Our research goals are:
As a long term goal, we intend on extending this research to both neuroscience and human clinical research (e.g. adaptive neuro-stimulation) and implementing outcomes to industrial applications (e.g. human computer interface).
To achieve better integration of the neural probes with brain tissue and enhance longevity of electrode function, we are investigating various materials and designs of neural probes. We perform computational analysis for the transient aspects of motion within the brain and analyzed various designs to reduce mechanical strains seen around neural sensing devices along the brain tissue interface. With analysis results, we design and fabricate polymer neural probes embedding vertically grown nanowire electrodes. By having a very soft polymer probe directly interfacing brain tissue, mechanical impact from the probing device can be reduced. This research is currently funded by NSF.
Images of IrO2/Au nanoelectrodes on a flexible polymer substrate
We are currently focusing on the development of neural sensing and functional imaging devices. By integration of nanotechnology, we can effectively monitor neural activities from neural cells. This research development will allow us to measure neuronal population activity and their functional link in the network regardless of the spatial arrangement of cells and irrespective of the source of excitatory or inhibitory inputs. This research will also aid the development of novel therapeutic treatments by observing details of neural activity in brain structures within functional networks. The application of the functional imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution is extended to human-computer interface. This research is currently funded by NSF and NIH.
Schematic diagram of optrode array for functional imaging
128 Channel Neural Recording System
Unit spikes from 32 electrodes implanted at hippocampus (rat)
We are developing an optical neural sensing module for in-vivo monitoring of neurotransmitter. In this optical sensing, laser light is delivered into the brain, and then, the optical spectrum of scattered lights by neurotransmitters in the brain is measured by a µ-spectrometer. To enhance sensitivity and selectivity, nano-features are embedded on optical sensing probes. The size of a proto-typed sensing module is 48mm × 22mm × 15 mm and is being reduced in a revised design. We are planning to integrate this module with a wireless electrophysiological sensing unit. This optical sensing technology has strong potential for clinical applications such as adaptive deep brain stimulation, because optical sensing can be free from the issues of electrical stimulation artifact and short lifetime of implanted neurotransmitter sensors. This research is currently funded by NASA.
Optical neurotransmitter sensing module using nano-plasmonic field enhancement
Functional near-infrared (f-NIR) spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method that uses the near-infrared region of the light spectrum to measure hemodynamic activity in the brain. The functional state of hemoglobin in the blood can influence its optical properties. The brain undergoes a number of physiological changes as it responds to stimuli; these changes in blood levels and electro-potential activity, in turn affect its optical properties of neural tissues. Functional optical imaging capitalizes optical properties of these tissues by using light in the near-infrared range. This research is currently funded by NSF.
f-NIR hardware and a driving simulator
Sensing schematics of the headpiece
f-NIR brain activity signals from the driver on a driving simulator
Dr. Hargsoon Yoon and his research team has received a two year $240k grant from NSF, entitled, "Acquisition of an Integrated System of Instruments for Multichannel Biopotential Recording of In-vitro and In-vivo Experiments." Drs. Sacharia Albin, Makarand Deo, Kyo Song, and Frances Williams are co-investigators on this grant from our Engineering Department. The project is also in collaboration with investigators at the Eastern Virginia Medical School and Old Dominion University. The aim of this research is to build an integrative research platform for neural recording and analysis and provide the resources for students, faculty and associated collaborators for their research activities from electronic and optical engineering, biology, computer science, nanotechnology, immunology, and neuroscience fields. Addition of this system to the existing research infrastructures will directly benefit and upgrade our research programs at NSU, as well as the collaborative network capabilities in the Hampton Roads area. The instrument will be applied for the study of neural mechanisms underlying the interactions under various behavioral, stimuli, and disease c onditions. In addition to the biopotential recording, the instrumentation will allow in-vivo a ssessment of neural sensing devices to be developed by engineering research. Furthermore, in-vivo and in-vitro real-time measurement and monitoring of sensing signal can be applied for the development of novel therapeutic treatment strategies of neurological disorders and degeneration.
Dr. Hargsoon Yoon and his research team was awarded a three-year grant from NASA, entitled, "Development of In-vivo Neural Sensing Systems based on Nano-Plasmonic Field Enhancement". The project is in collaboration with investigators at the Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS). Dr. Kyo Song, also from our Engineering Department, and Dr. Larry Sanford from EVMS are the other Co-principal investigators on the grant. The aim of this research is to develop an optical neural sensing system using nano-plasmonic optical sensing probes, a micro-spectrometer and miniaturized electronics which are targeted for in-vivo neural sensing in animals. The long term goal for this system is to read neural activity in real time and to provide autonomous control through a closed-loop feedback system for deep brain stimulation treatment. The impact of this technology will significantly enhance the accuracy of deep brain stimulation treatment for patients with neurological disease and disorders.
Location: Marie V McDemmond Building, #210
555 Park Avenue, Norfolk, VA
User Fee: Based on the actual usage time on the system, usage fee will be charged (set by the steering committee). Consumables for specific research experiment which are not regularly used are required to be provided by the investigator performing the experiment.
Training: Requests should be made to Dr. Hargsoon Yoon (email: email@example.com, tel: 757-823-0051)
This system is comprised of four different and integrative subunits: 1) A bio-potential data acquisition unit for 128-channel on-line data acquisition and stimulation which is a core of this sytem, 2) A 32-channel wireless data communication unit, 3) A digital interface unit for electrochemical workstation to be used for neurochemical sensing, and 3) A digital video recording and tracking unit for animal behavior study.
128 Channel On-Line Data Acquisition: This biopotential measurement and stimulation units provide a 16-bit, 40 kHz digitization unit, 32 digital inputs, digital programmable filtering, analog and digital referencing and work as the core and control unit of the proposed system. In this system, the control software sets flexible gain and filtering control for high quality neural sensing. The analog low-cut filter in the system has selectable cutoff frequencies, which allows us to try different values depending on the movement levels of the animal. Flexible digital filtering supports a wide variety of filter types (Bessel, Butterworth, Elliptic, 2-12 poles, plus notch filter) and cutoff frequencies, for extracting spikes and field potentials from the wide-band signal and for noise removal. For signal analysis, four manual and two automatic spike sorting methods are available, as well as automatic gain control and waveform thresholding. In addition, the system may be configured to acquire and sort waveforms from some electrode channels in single electrode mode while acquiring and sorting waveforms from other electrodes in stereotrode or tetrode mode. This mixed single/stereotrode/tetrode acquisition capability is particularly useful for recordings from multiple brain areas with different cell densities, such as combined basal ganglia recordings and prefrontal cortical recordings, which is an essential function for our research investigating functional network in the brain.
Neurostimulation: The stimulation unit can generate arbitrary waveform patterns initiated from either the software interface or from externally triggered digital inputs with an unprecedented 30 nA resolution and 1 µsec temporal resolution. With the unit, the intuitive graphical user interface makes it easy to generate bi-phasic rectangular pulses and bursts of pulses repeated at specific rates. More complicated rectangular waveforms and non-rectangular arbitrary waveforms may be defined in and loaded from a simple text file. In addition, an SDK is available for C/C++ and MATLAB® which may be used to create various stimulation waveforms or pulse patterns outside the GUI interface of the unit. Furthermore, the unit allows to trigger each of the 16 analog output channels independently. This stimulation patterns can be highly useful to our research requiring selective and coordinated stimulation of neurons.
Wireless Recording and Digital Video Tracking System for Animal Behavior Study: The propose wireless neural headstage unit allows continuous and simultaneous monitoring of up to 128 neural electrodes collecting Local Field Potentials(LFPs) and single unit or spike data. Using this unit, neural recording experiments are free from the physical constraints required with recording systems that require cables attached to the animals. The unit is comprised of a proprietary RF headstage transmitter with integrated rechargeable battery, receiver/baseband demodulator, power supply and all required cables. With an effective range of four meters, the miniature light weight transmitter provides a wireless connection for rats and even primates. In addition, the proposed video tracking unit (CinePlex) synchronizes video capture with neural data files obtained by Omniplex. The synchronized video, tracking coordinates, and neural data can then be viewed offline, where behavioral event markers and time-interval variables can be inserted. The modified data file can be exported for further analysis. Detail features include 1) triggered video capture (50 microsecond accuracy), 2) low noise AVT Stingray cameras (640 x 480 resolution, up to 80 frames per second), and 3) removable infrared (IR) filter, for use of IR illuminator to visualize and track animals in dark environments.
f-NIR (functional near infrared) optical imaging system measures oxygen level changes in the prefrontal cortex of human subjects and provides information about ongoing brain activity similar to functional MRI studies. However, it eliminates many of the drawbacks of fMRI and provides a safe, affordable, noninvasive solution for cognitive function assessment. The optical neural sensing technology can access regions 1-2 cm deep inside the brain. During a cognitive activity, the change in concentration of these main absorbers provides information about brain functions. The optical sensing data can be combined with biopotential signals measured by the OmniPlex system, such as EEG and ECG, and provide important additional data which is also available in our laboratory.
fNIR100 Functional Brain Imaging System: This system includes a control device and 16-CH sensor for continuous fNIR spectroscopy (NIRS), plus COBI control device software and fNIRSOFT (fS) Standard Edition analysis software. fS is a stand-alone software package designed to process, analyze and visualize functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy signals through a graphical user interface and/or scripting (for automation). For measurement, the subject wears a sensor on the forehead that includes four IR light sources and ten detectors that are mounted in a flexible band that is comfortable to wear for prolonged periods of time. The fNIR sensor detects the oxygen levels in the prefrontal cortex and provides values for oxy-hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin in real-time. It provides a continuous and real-time display of the oxygen changes as the subject performs different tasks.


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Fort Ashby, WV's Dogjaw have joined the Solidarity Recordings roster. The group will be releasing their first full-length, Pilot, through the label in May.
Solidarity Recordings (1 comment)
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This sturdy daypack is great for all of your travel needs. Water resistant fabric in Sierra Club green.
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Do I want higher weapon damage or higher int? Do I want a fast weapon and does that affect my abilities at all? If not then it would seem I want a slow weapon that has a high dps right? With as much int as it can stack? For instance, at my level I see these two weapons - which would you choose?
Weapon #1 Int: +22 Dps: 36 Weapon #2 Int: +44 Dps: 25 |
weapon #1
Edited by Zancu#1464 on 5/20/2012 1:36 PM PDT
Get a good high dps weapon with int and a socket. Put a good Ruby in that socket, and watch your damage go up.
stack int if you're a wiz and you'll have no probs beasting through mobs, with powerhouse mage attacks, its rediculous how quickly you can start hitting huge when you do. i'm only 350 or so int atm (+350% damage), but getting higher.
In general, higher weapon DPS will give better results than higher INT. If you get enough INT for very little DPS then it will, of course, change but in general it's Weapon Damage > INT.
Edited by brinebold#1864 on 5/17/2012 10:51 PM PDT
agreed. i went high int in the beginning with low dps and i didn't achieve much dmg. switched to a higher dps weapon instead of int and my damage went up by almost 2k before: int= 1300 damage= 700 with my weapon having 70 dps After: int= 1052 damage=2300 with my weapon having 131 dps depending on the skill, the damage from it will change. some look at ur weapon dmg while others look at the int... i believe |
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Alvin Deluxe Parallel Board with Straightedge
Item # HN-ALV278- Durable phenolic blade is always parellel - slides up and down
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August 15, 2014
By The Sea - 'Endless Days, Crystal Sky'
Bill Ryder-Jones' backing band step out of his shadows with melodic guitar pop
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7 / 10
As Bill Ryder-Jones' backing band, By The Sea always had potential; but the five-piece opt to tread a different path from the former Coral man as they step further out of his shadow on their second LP. 'Endless Days, Crystal Sky' is more in line with fellow Liverpudlians Echo & The Bunnymen, and a template of jangling guitars and world-weary vocals set amid spacious backdrops is quickly established. 'These Days Fall' is coated in melancholy that recalls Simple Minds, but it doesn't last long. More hopeful melodies shine through 'Youth''s playful nursery rhyme hooks and the glam-flecked 'The Stranger Things'. By The Sea wear their obvious influences well on an album that enriches their city's canon of melodic guitar pop.
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22nd March 2011
Steve Knightley and The Beat for Croissant Neuf Summer Party
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First acts confirmed for this Green Festival
The Croissant Neuf Summer Party team have announce their initial line-up for 2011, with acts including Steve Knightley and The Beat.
Croissant Neuf Summer Party is an independent family festival that takes place at a beautiful site near Usk in Monmouthshire. Multi-award winning and with a unique green outlook, the festival has developed from over twenty years experience as the centrepiece of Glastonbury's Green Fields and Big Green Gathering. The festival is a relaxed haven set next to a beautiful Iron Age Hill Fort. The weekend is ideal for families and first time festival goers due to the welcoming community atmosphere that prevails across the site.
The Shepton Mallet based organisers, Andy Hope, Sally Howell and Luke Howell recently received a People and Environment Award (PEA) to a growing collection and are hoping to provide the best festival yet this August.
Croissant Neuf boasts some seriously innovative green solutions including an entirely solar powered site, organic food, organic tipples at the Stagger Inn and a promise that three trees will be planted onsite for every car that brings guests to the festival. An Environmental Audit commissioned for last year's festival showed that Summer Party festival goers generated on average less than 50% of the CO2 than if they'd stayed at home and had a normal weekend. The main stage is no exception to the green credentials and the famous solar powered Big Top will be home to an exciting line-up.
The line-up provides the perfect soundtrack to a magical weekend that includes circus and open mic acts and wealth of activities, crafts and workshops for old and young.
Adult Tickets are £88, Students £70 with Kids Tickets £35 (Under 5s free!)
Croissant Neuf Summer Party - 12-14th August 2011 - Usk, Monmouthshire
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Luke Concannon presents himself, Jimmy Davis & Poshboy
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Tea Dance (BeauBowBells, LosPadres, Dj)
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From pop stars to politicians, here is a list of celebrities whose creative talents include a knack for inventing something new. And frequently useless. Continue reading 15 Creative Celebrity Inventors
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If anyone knows about the true meaning of the power pump, surely it's someone with the last name Trump. On the heels of the success of her… Continue reading Ivanka Trump Is Doing Shoes (And Dishes To Us About Her First Designer Pair!)
'Spiderman' star Kirsten Dunst's purse is set to go under the hammer for charity. Dunst's navy Sofia Coppola for Louis Vuitton handbag includes all her favorite things—a total worth 5,264 pounds. It is open to bidding at nypost.com/kirstenauction. The money collected will benefit Art of Elysium, which helps sick children at New York hospitals as […] Continue reading Kirsten Dunst donates designer purse to charity auction
Only in Cali! The son of fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger has escaped prosecution on drug charges after cops decided against trying to convict him on drug dealing charges following his summer arrest.Aspiring hip-hopster Richard "Young Rich" Hilfiger, 20, was pulled over in Hollywood Aug. 1 and taken into custody after officers allegedly found two ounces […] Continue reading Richard Hilfiger — Son Of Designer Tommy Hilfiger — Skates On Drug Charge
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20 ft HDMI® to DVI-D Cable - M/M
Connect an HDMI®-enabled output device to a DVI-D display, or a DVI-D output device to an HDMI-capable display
1x HDMI male connector
1x DVI-D male connector
Molded connectors with strain relief
High quality construction
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The HDMIDVIMM20 20-foot HDMI® to DVI-D cable enables you to connect a DVI-D video card (or other DVI-D output device) to a display that incorporates HDMI technology; the cable supports bi-directional operation that also allows the reverse configuration, delivering digital video from an HDMI-enabled output to a DVI-D capable display.
A valuable addition to any digital signage, multimedia or home theater application, this high performance cable is designed to provide the best quality picture available through either HDMI technology or DVI digital connections.
This durably constructed HDMI-DVI-D cable is backed by StarTech.com's Lifetime Warranty.
The StarTech.com Advantage
- Ensures compatibility between two distinct digital video interfaces
- Eliminates the need for multiple cables and clutter
- Guaranteed reliability
- Compatible with HDMI®/DVI-capable LCD TVs, LCD Projectors, Plasma TVs, HDTVs, DVD Players and set-top boxes
- Connecting a DVI-D output device (video card, etc.) to an HDMI®-enabled monitor/display
- Connecting an HDMI-capable output device (video card, etc.) to a DVI-D monitor/display
Product Numbers
Dell Harmony | A3287711 |
TechData Dis | 10546526 |
ASI Distribution USA | 86373 |
D and H | HDMIDVIMM20 |
Ingram Micro USA | BH4473 |
Synnex US | STA-HDMIDVIMM20 |
UPC Code | 065030813945 |
Warranty Information | |
Warranty | Lifetime |
Hardware | |
Cable Jacket Type | PVC - Polyvinyl Chloride |
Cable Shield Type | Aluminum-Mylar Foil with Braid |
Connector Plating | Nickel |
Connector(s) | |
Connector A | 1 - HDMI (19 pin) Male |
Connector B | 1 - DVI-D (19 pin) Male |
Physical Characteristics | |
Cable Length | 20 ft [6.1 m] |
Color | Black |
Product Weight | 1.1 lb [0.5 kg] |
Wire Gauge | 24 AWG |
Packaging Information | |
Shipping (Package) Weight | 1.1 lb [0.5 kg] |
What's in the Box | |
Included in Package | 1 - 20 ft HDMI® to DVI-D Cable - M/M |
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Startech.com - 20 ft HDMI® to DVI-D Cable - M/M


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#03 Striped Tunic
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Pattern Summary
Very close-fitting sleeveless tunic with deep cowl neck in stripe-pattern, worked in the round.
Nota Bene This pattern is almost, but not quite the same as the Shopping Tunic in Twinkle's Big City Knits. Most importantly, gauge is slightly different, as Twinkle Soft Chunky had not come out.


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* European shares mixed, off highs; Germany gets data boost
* U.S. equities edge up, Treasuries ease
* Puerto Rico bond sale brings in tons of investors
* China growth worries hit materials prices
By David Gaffen
NEW YORK, March 11 (Reuters) - Major world equity markets were mildly negative on Tuesday, the euro edged down and gold rose as traders kept an eye on tensions between Ukraine and Russia and the pace of growth in China.
Credit market investors, meanwhile, were jumping all over Puerto Rico's $3.5 billion municipal bond sale, which attracted huge interest from many types of funds, including hedge funds and high-net-worth names.
Markets have taken a break from recent volatile trading, and moves in most major stock markets were relatively muted. An index of global stocks slipped, while the benchmark U.S. S&P 500 was lower as well.
"The market has growing pains here, and rightfully so," said Peter Cardillo, chief market economist at Rockwell Global Capital in New York.
"Basically we are at high levels, there are a lot of warnings out there, a lot of signs the market may be topping out."
The U.S. Treasury market was muted, with the 10-year yield slightly lower to 2.769 percent, rising 3/32 in price. The activity in credit markets was focused on the municipal sector, where the island of Puerto Rico sold $3.5 billion in debt to shore up its struggling finances.
The bonds sold at an 8 percent coupon with a yield of 8.727 percent, levels much less expensive than expected in that market, and several other Puerto Rico bonds were seeing additional buying as non-traditional investors, including hedge funds, took the opportunity to grab this high-yield debt.
"For investors, this is a great return, and we've heard there was a lot of high net worth interest in this deal. These are tax-sensitive investors and they were heavily pitched on it," David Tawil, co-founder of Maglan Capital in New York.
The Dow Jones industrial average fell 46.85 points or 0.29 percent, to 16,371.83, the S&P 500 lost 6.07 points or 0.32 percent, to 1,871.1 and the Nasdaq Composite dropped 11.139 points or 0.26 percent, to 4,323.309.
Economic figures were limited on Tuesday. A sharp fall in wholesale sales surprised investors and led to a buildup in inventories in January, particularly in autos and machinery stocks. Wholesale inventories rose 0.6 percent. This is a positive for first-quarter growth, though economists expect the weak sales figure to be reversed.
The euro fell against the dollar and the yen on Tuesday after European Central Bank (ECB) Vice President Vitor Constancio told investors that they may have missed the message on policy that rates are set to remain accommodative for some time to come.
Strong trade data from Germany, the region's economic powerhouse, helped the country's DAX index outperform, as it rose 0.9 percent.
"Recent events, especially concerning Russia and Turkey, have made the outlook less certain, and their impact will only be felt in a few months from now," said Markus Huber, a senior sales trader at Peregrine & Black.
Tensions over Ukraine continued to build on Tuesday. With diplomacy at a standstill, Ukraine's acting president announced the formation of a volunteer national guard, while ousted leader Viktor Yanukovich insisted he remained the country's legitimate leader.
Turkish assets have been hit by political scandals and a power struggle between Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan and a U.S.-based Muslim cleric.
Investors worried about the pace of growth in China have taken out their frustrations on Chinese steel futures and spot iron ore prices of late. Steel rebar futures traded on the Shanghai Futures Exchange hit their lowest levels ever and spot iron ore prices posted the biggest one-day fall in over four years on Monday after China's trade balance swung into deficit
Against a basket of currencies, the U.S. dollar edged higher by late morning to trade up 0.01 percent.
Gold extended early gains as Ukraine strengthened the bid in that market. The yellow metal was at $1,346 an ounce. In a sign of the recent jump in demand, the world's biggest bullion-backed exchange-traded fund saw its largest inflow in a month on Monday.
Brent crude, Europe's regional benchmark, edged up 34 cents to $108.44 a barrel, while U.S. oil slipped 81 cents to $100.32.


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2014 Sailing Season
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Re: 2014 Sailing Season
This was a beautiful and ideal sailing weekend on the Chesapeake - the kind we're lucky to get a little more than a handful of in any sailing season.
We hunkered down at the marina on Friday and got to know some of our neighbors a little better. Saw gusts of a little over 30 knots in the slip at the height of the Arthur wind mid to late afternoon. Sharon had a full glass of water blow off the cockpit table and one of the gusts created enough of a pressuere differential to blow one of our engine compartment side doors open. In the evening we went to the marina's 4th of July cookout and then back to the boat for fireworks. We had a great view of the Baltimore harbor display from our slip.
Saturday morning we took off in the still brisk winds and had a fun reaching sail out of the Patapsco. Decided to head up to Worton and were able to make it close hauled up the bay until the wind died just south Poole's Island. Motored the last few miles and dropped the hook in the outer anchorage where we had a great view of a bald eagle perched on a tree not too far from us. At dark we saw another fireworks display that must have been at Fairlee.
This morning we took off early and beat our way back down the bay in 12-14 knots. Had a great time doing long tacks back and forth til we got to the Patapsco.
Hope to be out again next weekend as long as the typical July heat and lack of wind don't materialize.
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11 Teacher-Approved Crafts for School
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Back to School Spirit Pin
By: DecoArt
Looking for some fun crafts for back to school? Kick of the back to school sports season with an awesome homemade spirit pin. Your child will wear it to cheer on the home team or just to show school pride. Back to school kids crafts are a great way to get the creativity flowing while having a great time!
DecoArt Products
- Patio Paints
- DCP57 - Marigold
- DCP07 - Geranium Red
- Ultra fine tip black permanent marker
- Jewelry pin back
- Lo-temp glue gun and glue sticks
- Scrapbooking ribbons, six 1 1/2" lengths of each; we used Bobbin Ribbon: red/gold star print #90041-067; red gingham # 90957-018; black/white dash #90588-288; yellow/black dash border #90071-075; black gingham #90957-027
- 2 1/8" x 3 1/4" unfinished wood oval shape, MSI 00100-24095
- Use Marigold to paint wood oval; let it dry.
- Refer to photo and use Geranium Red to paint a star on the oval; let it dry as well.
- Use a marker to draw stitch lines around star shape; write desired words on oval.
- Alternating and overlapping ribbons, glue 1/4" of ribbon ends to back edge of oval.
- Attach pin back to upper center of oval on back side.
- A hair dryer on low heat setting can be used to speed drying of paint. With adult help, ends of ribbons can be singed with stick flame lighter to prevent raveling.
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Crafts by Amanda
Aug 13, 2011
This is so cute! I run Fun Family Crafts, a site similar in nature to Craftgawker and Spotlight, but different in that it's a library of craft tutorials geared only at kids. I have featured your fun post here http://funfamilycrafts.com/school-spirit-pin/ FFC also accepts submissions! Please consider this an invitation to submit as many kid friendly craft tutorials as you like! I look forward to seeing what you submit! If you would like to display a featured button on your site, you can grab one from the right side bar of your post above.
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CA town to start charging for 911 calls
This makes no sense at all. What exactly do the city politicos hope to accomplish by this? I think this will backfire on them the first time someone who has not signed up either does not call 911 because they can't afford $300 just for a phone call or the last thing they will be thinking about is money and then get a shock when they get the bill in the mail which they won't be able to pay.
TRACY, Calif. (CBS13) ―Tracy residents will now have to pay every time they call 911 for a medical emergency
But there are a couple of options. Residents can pay a $48 voluntary fee for the year which allows them to call 9-1-1 as many times as necessary.
Or, there's the option of not signing up for the annual fee. Instead, they will be charged $300 if they make a call for help.
"A $300 fee and you don't even want to be thinking about that when somebody is in need of assistance," said Tracy resident Greg Bidlack.Last edited by cheffie; 02-22-2010 at 04:04 PM.
Why is it that I don't see this one lasting very long? I could only hope the residents affected stick up for themselves.
Matt G.
Battalion Chief
City Hall will be cleaned out in the next election.
This is typical of government. They seem to think that they can just add or increase taxes or fees whenever they don't have enough money.
Try cutting the fat out and make the operation leaner will go over better with the voters.HAVE PLAN.............WILL TRAVEL
Every phone bill I've had for the past 15+ years has had a '911 access fee' listed on it. This $$ is supposed to go to the 911 service, is my understanding. Is this CA town with a phone company that doesn't charge this fee? And, if they are paying this fee already, how can the city/township get away with charging them for any 911 calls?
You are correct Firecat.....it is unlawful for a municipality to charge for 911 access. The fee is already charged by state taxes through your phone bills.
Lots of municipalities are getting creative in the way they generate money because times are tough and no one wants to be known for raising taxes. The alternative is creating fees or surcharges just like the credit card companies.
This will soon go away.Jason Knecht
Township Fire Dept., Inc.
Eau Claire, WI
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Seems the original story is in error
Tracy in the hot seat over new emergency medical service fee
TRACY City officials are conducting their own emergency response after false reports that Tracy will be charging for all 911 calls.
"I'm really perturbed about it," said City Manager Leon Churchill Jr., who has been answering calls from the media and others from around the country.
Two city council members were contacted by CNN for TV appearances to explain themselves. And the calls, dozens of them that picked up even more after a New York Times Op-Ed piece about the fee just keep on coming.
"It's just being mischaracterized so badly." said Churchill.
No one will be charged just for dialing 911. Tracy Mayor Brent Ives faulted poor media reporting that led to the confusion and unnecessary national media attention.
"People want to think it's a 911 fee and it's not," Ives said.
What the Tracy City Council passed last year and plans to start in June is not a 911 fee, said Churchill. No one will be charged for calling the emergency number.
There will be a charge, however, for those who call for and get medical attention from a fire department paramedic who often arrive on scene before an ambulance.
The fee begins in June and is $300 for residents. Most private insurance will pick up the tab, but Medi-Cal and Medicaid will not, Campbell said. There is no fee if the patient dies.
Residents may subscribe to the service at $48 or $36 a year, depending on income, that covers all
home medical responses. Businesses can subscribe for $48, covering up to 10 workers. Each extra worker is $3 a year, maxing out at $100.
Churchill said the program is expected to bring in about $500,000 per year.
So, for $48 I can call them as often as I want? Whether they are actually needed or not?
Where do I sign up?
I got a blister. Show Up! I paid my $48!
I have a cold and need to blow my nose. Show Up! I paid my $48!
BAD BAD BAD idea."This thread is being closed as it is off-topic and not related to the fire industry." - Isn't that what the Off Duty forum was for?
So they want to charge for a Firefighter/Paramedic's sevices. Aren't these already covered by taxes as well?
I'll tell ya, these freaking politicians would tax oxygen if they could figure out a way to do it.
Either bill the insurance company for the skills/treatments or absorb it as they have been doing."Too many people spend money they haven't earned, to buy things they don't want, to impress people they don't like." Will Rogers
The borrower is slave to the lender. Proverbs 22:7 - Debt free since 10/5/2009.
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"As Americans we must always remember that we all have a common enemy, an enemy that is dangerous, powerful and relentless. I refer, of course, to the federal government." - Dave Barry
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Scrabble word: ENFOLDER
In which Scrabble dictionary does ENFOLDER exist?
Definitions of ENFOLDER in dictionaries:
- verb - to cover completely
There are 8 letters in ENFOLDER: D E E F L N O R
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All anagrams that could be made from letters of word ENFOLDER plus a wildcard: ENFOLDER?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word ENFOLDER
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I don't look like Mrs Angry but I do have a small patch of spider veins on each cheek, particularly the left one. Telangiectasia (a.k.a. spider veins and broken capillaries) are dilated small vessels near the surface of the skin. Typically they are caused by sun exposure or inflammatory conditions (such as acne or rosacea). Mine are due to rosacea and I am always on the look out for ways of treating them.
The key weapon in my arsenal is LED (light emitting diodes). There's actually a plausible explanation as to why this should work. Hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells, absorbs light within a specific range of wavelengths (500 - 600 nm). Under high energy light, the dilated vessels heat up and close and eventually fade away. I have a monthly LED facial at my esthetician's salon and a weekly top-up at home with my Baby Quasar.
This isn't a permanent solution and fading veins can reemerge with too much sun exposure or a reaction to something that irritates my skin (my esthetician regularly tsks when I return to see her with blotchy cheeks). So additional help is required. Apart from a protective sunscreen, there are some potions that can help if they have the right ingredients.
Quick, but useful aside: vitamin K is not one of them. I've tried vit K creams and they don't work. The reason is fairly straightforward - vitamin K is a blood clotting agent and is better suited to treating, say, a bruise than a dilated vessel.
One of the ingredients that may work is horse chestnut extract. Horse chestnut trees (particularly the seeds) contain a saponin called escin. This is supposed to strengthen veins and capillaries by blocking an enzyme called hyaluronidase, which can breakdown of proteoglycans (part of the structure of capillary walls).
Derma-E Clear Vein Cream Spider Vein/Bruise Solution ($25) has a good dollop (3%) of horse chestnut extract. It also contains grape skin extract, which is also supposed to strengthen capillaries. Generally Derma-E makes good products for a reasonable price so this is worth checking out.
Last year, I gave a pot of Osmotics Anti-Radical Age Defense ($111 in the TIA shop) to a friend and she wrote back to tell me it had done wonderful things for her thread veins. After a month or so she said: "I have two other red patches that I always automatically dab with concealer, but the other morning, I realized that one of them had pretty much disappeared. All in all, it does seem terrific."
Ingredients in Derma-E:
Purified Water, Horse Chestnut Extract (3%), Witch Hazel Extract, Grape Skin Extract, White Oak Extract, Glycerin, Stearic Acid, Rutin, Ascorbyl Palmitate (Vitamin C), Bilberry Extract, Jojoba Oil, Green Tea Extract, Caprylic Triglyceride, Polysorbate 20, Dimethicone, Glyceryl Stearate & PEG-100 Stearate, Pycnogenol, Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Citricidal, Phenoxyethanol.
Ingredients in Osmotics:
Purified Water, Vegetable Squalane, Cetyl Alcohol, Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Xanthan Gum, Tripeptide-1, Glycerin, Citrullus Lanatus Fruit Extract, PEG-20 Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, Dimethicone, Glycerin, Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate, Soybean Sterol, Squalane, Vitamin E Acetate, Ubiquinone 50, Dimethylmethoxy Chromanol, Carnosine, Ceramide, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Linoleic Acid, Allantoin, Stearic Acid, Carbomer, Diazolidinyl Urea/Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, Disodium EDTA, Tromethamine.
Hi Jacqueline, the green setting is the strongest and might be best avoided on rosacea. The other two (flashing and still) will be fine.
Can anyone tell me what setting Baby Q should be used on for Rosacea treatment?
Nice information, I plan on looking into the LED treatment in a future blog post myself and it is nice to hear of someone who has used it and can review it.
Primrose - all VIP members will be sent a questionnaire to evaluate test products.
Melbourne Hi Marta im just using this space to advise that I have received you sample of prep .Just a query to you. What do you want me to write about it ?Do I try it out in two following weeks or what .Please advise . Prep reads well so I will be interested to see the result. Back to the dreaded spider veins . I have found that using Kosmea (pure organic rosehip oil helps a bit my spider veins that always come back after treatment .But it also seems to have calmed considerably my roseacnea which I havent had for ages. But it made a come back in summer maybe be due to the heat plus the stress of moving house (hate it but its over !! ) Anyway thats enough from me Kind regards primrose 20/5/09


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Drumconner Care Homes
The Drumconner group of prestigious care homes offer the highest standards of nursing care. Over the last 25 years, Drumconner has built an excellent reputation for providing high quality nursing care combined with emotional and social support for our residents and clients. Along with our skilled nursing staff and dedicated care-workers we've fostered an environment of dignity, self-respect, independence, comfort and security.
Drumconner offers two Care Homes ( With Nursing ), located in the coastal towns of Lancing and Bournemouth. Our Sussex Care Home is situated in Lancing, between Worthing and Brighton and our Bournemouth Home is situated on Poole Road, in Westbourne. Both Homes are members of the Registered Nursing Home Association. In June 2008, The Drumconner Care Home was awarded the Three Star 'Excellent' Quality Rating by the Commission for Social Care Inspection – the highest possible rating available from this well-respected organisation.
If you are looking for Nursing Homes in Brighton, Worthing, Sussex or Bournemouth area, look no further than Drumconner. Both Residential Homes are up to date with all training and facilities for residents; for example overhead hoists and underfloor heating in all new bedrooms. A Nursing Home becomes well renowned through good recommendations and if you read the testimonials on the website, you can see what Drumconner Care Homes' residents and relatives feel about the care and service they receive. A Residential Home needs to be more than just somewhere to live, and Drumconner offers a home to every resident, regardless of how long they live at the home.
What makes Drumconner different to other Nursing Homes?
- 3* (Excellent) rating from the Care Quality Commission
- Professionally trained nursing and palliative care
- Dedicated, compassionate & caring staff
- Professionally prepared, quality meals, catering for all dietary needs
- Homely, relaxed atmosphere
- Safe, secure and tranquil surroundings by the Sussex & Dorset seaside
- Activities and entertainment
- Tailored excursions & day trips
- Complimentary Therapist
- Beautiful, spacious rooms and landscaped gardens
Please read the Quality Care Commission's reports for Drumconner Bournemouth and for Drumconner Lancing.


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Ursolic Acid is a molecule found in apple peels, and in the Ayurveda herb known as Holy Basil. No human interventions exist right now, but ursolic acid appears to be a promising body recomposition agent; able to increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass. May be anti-fertility, however.
This page features 64 unique references to scientific papers.
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This page on Ursolic Acid is currently marked as in-progress. We are still compiling research.
Ursolic acid is a phytochemical found in a wide variety of plants but most well known for being in apple peels.
Although the science is preliminary, it seems to be able to reduce fat accumulation and increase muscle mass gain when in a fed state, and to induce fat burning and preserve muscle mass when in a fasted state.
Apple peel extract
Usnic Acid
Animal studies have found benefits with ursolic acid in the diet at 0.05-0.2% of the diet, which is around 10-40mg/kg (based on their weight and food intake) and the estimated human dose equivalent to this is 1.6-6.4mg/kg bodyweight; for a 150lb adult it would be the range of 110-440mg.
The lone human study used the higher end of this range, 150mg three times a day with meals totalling 450mg each day, and found some biological acitivty. Until further research arises, thrice daily dosing of 150mg with meals is recommended.
The Human Effect Matrix looks at human studies (excluding animal/petri-dish studies) to tell you what effect Ursolic Acid has in your body, and how strong these effects are.
Grade | Level of Evidence |
A | Robust research conducted with repeated double blind clinical trials |
B | Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled |
C | Single double blind study or multiple cohort studies |
D | Uncontrolled or observational studies only |
Level of Evidence |
EFFECT | Change |
Magnitude of Effect Size |
Scientific Consensus | Comments |
Minor |
See study |
An increase in IGF-1 concentrations has been noted with supplementation of ursolic acid three times daily (150mg) in exercising subjects. |
C | Irisin |
Minor |
See study |
An increase in serum Irisin has been noted with 150mg ursolic acid three times a day in exercising individuals. |
C | Power Output |
Minor |
See study |
As measured by peak torque (isokinetically), ursolic acid supplementation may increase power output in trained individuals. |
C | Blood Glucose |
See study |
Ursolic acid with meals in athletic subjects has failed to alter fasting glucose concentrations relative to placebo. |
C | Fat Mass |
See study |
No significant reductions in fat mass were noted when ursolic acid (150mg thrice daily over 16 weeks) was used, when compared to placebo. |
C | Insulin |
See study |
No alterations in insulin concentrations are noted with chronic ursolic acid supplementation. |
C | Lean Mass |
See study |
The increase in power output and IGF-1 seen with ursolic acid over 16 weeks was not accompanied by an increase in lean mass relative to control (resistance training was ... show |
Ursolic Acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is very widely distributed in food products and herbs.
Major sources (Food products or common supplements) include:
This thing looks to be as common in herbs as Vitamin C, which is in pretty much everything; a lot of herbs were omitted from this list that are not common supplements or otherwise not exceedingly high in Ursolic Acid content
Glycosides (attached to one or more sugars) of Ursolic Acid include urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-octadecanoate (a glycoside of ursolic acid from the plant Lantana camara.[16])
Compounds that are structurally related to Ursolic acid and are not glycosides thereof include Corosolic acid,[17] Oleanolic acid,[18] Maslinic Acid,[19] Latanolic Acid,[7] Camarin,[7] and Pomolic Acid.[7] These structures are all pentacyclic triterpenoids due to their five-ringed structures, with seemingly similar effects (although differing from one another in potency).
A study investigating the intestinal uptake of ursolic acid (from an ethanolic extract of Sambucus chinensis) found that a dose contributing 80mg/kg bodyweight ursolic acid had about an 0.6% oral bioavailability based on the compound's AUC.[20] When incubated with Caco-2 cells, basolateral (side of membrane facing away from the lumen) recovery of ursolic acid ranges between 15.9+/-3.2% and 19.0+/-4.2%.[11] There do not appear to be significant difference when comparing Ursolic Acid bioavailability in isolation following oral administration to Ursolic Acid from plant sources (in this study, the spice known as Sage).[11]
Very poor intestinal absorption rates
In a study using an oral dose of 80mg/kg bodyweight Ursolic Acid in rats it was found that; the half-life was 4.3 hours, the Tmax was 1 hour, the Cmax was 294.8ng/mL (645.5nM) and the AUC to infinity was 1175.3 ng/h/ml.[20] The half-life in this study was replicated in humans given an injection of Ursolic Acid microsomes (3.9+/-2.1 hours), and other parameters attained in this study following injections of an average dose of 98mg/m2 (based on body surface area, average is 1.7m2 for adult males) were a Tmax of 4 hours, Cmax of 3404.6+/-748.8ng/mL, and an AUC0-∞ of 9918.4+/-1215.2ng/h/mL with a Clearance rate of 10.0+/-1.2L/h/m2.[21]
Due to the poor bioavailability, low serum levels appear to be achieved; despite this, a half-life of around four hours exists and oral administration seems to peak one hour after ingestion
Following oral administraiton of 0.2% of the diet to rats over a period of 11 weeks (estimated dose of 40mg/kg), Ursolic Acid can be detected in the kidney plasma (2.83+/-0.47nmol/mg) and the kidney tissue itself (3.51+/-0.57nmol/mg);[22] no other organs were tested, and lower doses (0.05-0.1%) were not detected.
One study that gave rats either Ursolic Acid or Oleanolic Acid (related structure) noted that at the higher doses of both supplements that there was a detectable serum level of the other, suggesting that interconversion between the two exists after oral administration in rats.[22]
Concentrations of 10uM and 30uM of ursolic acid in the drinking water of ApoE knockout rats, over 24 weeks, can accelerate artherogenic plaque formation.[23] These results may not be highly extrapolatable, as ApoE knockout mice have screwed lipid profiles already.[24]
Conversely, a low dose of Ursolic Acid (0.2% of the diet) fed to mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and lacking an LDL receptor found that ursolic acid was able to reduce by 53% the inherent lesions that occur in the endothelium with diabetes; suggesting a protective but not necessarily rehabilitative effect.[25] This protective effect was more potent than Resveratrol at 0.2%. Ursolic acid was also able to reduce monocyte migration to the endothelium, which is seen as an inflammatory response (and thus, ursolic acid in part protects via anti-inflammatory means).[25]
The discord between the two studies above[24][25] has been investigated by a third part.[26] In general, the two cannot be directly compared due to large differences in methodology.
At this moment in time, it appears Ursolic Acid is not a significant concern for cardiovascular health and may be protective; more studies to iron out the differences would be needed
One study noted that, in vitro, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as cells taken from humans, ursolic acid was able to prevent cell differentiation and induce cell death in both cell cultures potently at 12.5uM, and in isolated cells at 6.25uM. Lower doses did not have any influence on cell death, and 3.125uM has a non-significant increase in cell differentation relative to controls in isolated cells.[23]
Ursolic acid acts as a inhibitor of the PTP1B enzyme[27][28] with studies looking at its IC50 value (concentration required to inhibit half of the active enzyme) in the range of 3.6+/-0.2μM,[29] 3.08μM,[27] and 3.9μM;[30] repeatedly demonstrated potency. The PTP1B enzyme in a negative regulator of the insulin receptor (suppressing its effects[31]) and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of high blood glucose in Type II Diabetes.[32] The inhibition of Ursolic acid on PTP1B extends to related enzymes T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), and src homology phosphatase-2 (SHP2) at similar potencies with no effect on LARD1, PTPα, or PTPε.[27] Ursolic acid is about twice as potent as its similarly structured and commonly co-existing molecule, Corosolic Acid (IC50 7.2+/-0.8μM).[28]
At concentrations of 50-100μM, Ursolic acid may act as an insulin mimetic and act upon the receptor with no inherent effect at 10μM.[33] One of the only studies to note acute blood glucose reductions with Ursolic Acid was done with injections of 200mg/kg, which likely was in this range to act on the insulin receptor.[34]
Concentrations as low as 1mcg/mL Ursolic Acid (0.45uM) can increase the efficacy of biologically relevant concentrations of insulin,[33] where insulin alone reaches maximum stimulation of its receptor within 5 minutes yet with 10mcg/mL ursolic acid maximal stimulation is increased up to 15 minutes with more overall post-receptor actions of insulin, measured by Akt and ERK phosphorylation as well as GLUT4 translocation, where 1nM insulin with 10mcg/mL ursolic acid reached a level of GLUT4 translocation seen with 100nM insulin.[33]
Beneficially influences actions on the insulin receptor, although it is more likely that it works on the PTP1B enzyme and augments insulin's actions on the receptor as the concentration for it to act on the receptor itself is rather high
Ursolic acid, similar to structurally related pentacyclic triterpenoids, appears to inhibit α-amylase activity although to a greater potency than Corosolic acid or Lupeol.[35]
Ursolic Acid appears to beneficially influence parameters of Diabetes when used as combination therapy alongside Rosiglitazone (anti-diabetic drug) in mice given both concurrently.[36]
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, Ursolic acid as monotherapy note that 0.05% of the diet (approximately 10mg/kg) can reduce blood glucose by 12.3% relative to control in 4 weeks[37] with another study using fourfold this dose (0.2%) over a period of 11 weeks decreased blood glucose to 53% of high-fat fed diabetic control (although still twice that of healthy control).[25] Ursolic acid tends to decrease blood glucose in a dose dependent manner (as some studies have tested graded intakes of Ursolic acid within this range of 0.05-0.2%[22]) with similar potency to Oleanolic Acid.[22]
Ursolic Acid appears to be beneficial either by itself or in conjunction with anti-diabetic agents for reducing serum glucose over an experimental period
Decreases in HbA1c have been noted with 0.05% of the diet as Ursolic Acid in diabetic mice (9.5%), with 0.1% (19%) and 0.2% (34%; all values relative to diabetic control) over 10 weeks, which coexisted with a reduction in urinary glycosylated proteins and Ursolic acid being nonsignificantly less effective than Oleanolic acid.[22]
A decrease of Aldose Reductase activity has been noted in vivo with oral Ursolic Acid in a dose dependent manner, which at 0.2% reached 67% of diabetic control (still 59% higher than nondiabetic control, and was not absolute protection),[22] which validates previous in vitro studies noting Aldose Reductase inhibition with Ursolic Acid in a noncompetitive manner.[38] The in vivo study also noted minor beneficial trends in the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase and glyoxalase I,[22] and anti-glycative properties have been noted to occur in hepatic tissue as well,[37] where a beneficial trend of glucose regulatory enzymes (suppressing glucose-6-phosphatase and upregulating glucokinase) occurs with 0.05% of the feed .[37]
Appears to have anti-glycative effects, and may attenuate the side-effects of diabetes associated with high blood glucose
Beyond anti-glycative protective effects, low doses of Ursolic Acid (0.01% of rat feed) have been noted to attenuate the rate of developing diabetic nephropathy possibly secondary to anti-inflammatory properties[39] and less artherosclerotic lesions have been noted with Ursolic Acid, which were slightly more protective than an equal dose (0.2% of the diet) Resveratrol.[40]
Low to moderate doses of Ursolic Acid also appear to protect rats from immune-system related side effects of diabetes, and may offer putative protective effects
Upregulation of c-Cbl associated protein (aka. CAP) protein content and mRNA has been noted in adipocytes treated with 4-20uM Ursolic Acid.[41]
Ursolic acid at 4-20uM appears to augment Rosiglitazone-induced glucose uptake into insulin resistance fat cells in vitro, although combination treatment was associated with less adipocyte differentiation than Rosiglitazone alone.[41]
Ursolic acid appears to increase lipolysis in vitro via Protein Kinase A activation, and downstream of that Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) and Perilipin A activity.[42] Upregulation of Adipose Tissue Lipase (ATGL) has been noted in adipocytes independent of PKA.[42]
100mg/kg Ursolic Acid in rats appears to attenuate the increase in triglycerides in response to a fatty meal, which was thought to be through inhibiting pancreatic lipase;[43][44] an estimated human equivalent dosage is 16mg/kg.
10mg/kg (rat dose) Ursolic acid over 15 weeks to otherwise healthy rats fed a high-fat diet is able to attenuate a 24% increase in body weight to 10.7%, which is not significantly different than the active control of 10mg/kg Sibutramine.[45] This study noted that the high-fat induced alterations in adipokines (Ghrelin, Leptin) and liver histology were otherwise normalized in both intervention groups, and that Ursolic acid was associated with an increase in insulin levels relative to high fat control and reduced glucose levels relative to all groups including normal chow control.[45]
Irisin is a myokine (although it can be secreted from other tissues such as the brain, heart, and adipose[46]) that is known to in part be correlated with IGF-1 kinetics, although its overall role in skeletal muscle physiology and exercise is still being elucidated.[47][48]
Supplementation of 150mg ursolic acid three times daily with meals (totalling 450mg daily for eight weeks) in otherwise healthy men subject to resistance training appears to be effective in increasing serum irisin by 12% relative to placebo.[49] This observation occurred alongside a 22.8% increase in IGF-1 relative to baseline despite no change occurring in the placebo group given resistance training, although eight weeks was insufficient to alter lean or fat mass significantly.[49]
Supplementation of ursolic acid is thought to increase circulating levels if Irisin, a peptide secreted from a few organs (including skeletal muscle) that browns adipose tissue and may have antiobese effects. More research is needed to confirm this function of ursolic acid
Ursolic acid is implicated as being an agent to counter genetic responses of fasting that mediate muscle breakdown.[34] When fed to mice at 0.14% and 0.27% of the diet by weight (overall intake unknown) it was able to prevent muscle breakdown via genetic signalling that is the opposite of those that mediate muscle breakdown from fasting, and it was able to increase skeletal muscle accrual by increasing anabolic gene transcription, most notably that of IGF-1.[34] It did not seem to increase IGF-1 expression in adipose tissue, suggesting that this activity is specific to skeletal muscles. This anabolic effect has been replicated in vitro showing protein accrual and increasing muscle cells size, but does not influence muscle cell differentiation.[50]
Injections of 200mg/kg bodyweight, twice a day for 7 days, was shown in rats to reduce muscle protein loss associated with fasting.[34]
Increases in muscle protein synthesis are seen at 1uM, but become statistically significant at 10uM.[50] It is fairly dose-dependent of a response in increasing protein accrual, but concentrations exceeding 25uM induce loss of protein from cells and myotoxicity.[50] The growth was only seen in vitro with growth medium rather than differentiation medium or serum-free medium, the difference being GM using 10% fetal bovine serum albumin and DM 2% horse serum. These results suggest that ursolic acid may augment amino acid accrual from serum amino acids, or food.[50]
Ursolic acid's influence on muscle cells appears to not influence ribosomal content nor satellite cells, as evidence by no changes in RNA content of muscle cells incubated with ursolic acid and no myocyte differentation.[50]
Ursolic acid can also increase insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt (an intermediate in muscle protein synthesis), which is linked to muscle protein synthesis.[51] Another intermediate downstream of Akt and phosphorylated by S6K1/S6K2, rpS6, is only increased under good growth conditions in vitro but can be upregulated 1.8-fold.[50]
In rats subject to resistance training, an infusion of ursolic acid appears to sustain the exercise-induced activation of p70S6K (downstream of mTOR) for a more prolonged period of time than control exercise.[52]
Low dosages appear to beneficially influence skeletal muscle, but higher dosages have been implicated in preserving muscle mass during fasting. These higher dosages may not be feasible due to low oral bioavailability, but lower dosages are definitely possible. Many of the effects seen are related to the insulin-signalling pathway of muscle anabolism.
Ursolic acid does not appear to inhibit the 5-Lipoxygenase enzyme.[53]
Ursolic acid-like compounds (11-ketoursolic acid and 3-acetyl,11-ketoursolic acid) have been implicated in inhibiting the 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11βHSD1), which converts cortisone to active cortisol, with IC50 values of 2.06 and 1.35uM respectively.[54] Corosolic Acid was more effective than other compounds tested at 0.81uM, and Ursolic acid itself had an IC50 of 1.9uM.[54] At least at the concentrations tested, none of the above pentacyclic triterpenoids inhibited the 11βHSD2 enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol.
Should theoretically reduce cortisol, but this has not yet been tested in a living system
One study noted a decrease in circulating leptin levels associated with 0.14% ursolic acid in rat feed,[34] but these results may be influenced by weight loss. When there are no significant changes in weight, leptin does not appear to change significantly.[37]
Ursolic acid appears to have weak activity as an aromatase inhibitor, although this may be irrelevant due to the potency and the bioavailability of ursolic acid.[55][56] Derivatives of ursolic acid appear to be fairly useless in inhibiting the aromatase enzyme.[56] The IC50 of ursolic acid was 32uM, thrice less potent than Apigenin (10uM).[56]
One human study which gave healthy participants 150mg ursolic acid three times a day with meals (totalling 450mg each day) for eight weeks alongside resistance training noted that supplementation was able to increase circulating IGF-1 concentrations by 22.8% relative to placebo (also given resistance training).[49]
A rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia using 5mg/kg Ursolic acid oral administration alongside testosterone injections noted suppression of prostatic growth to a similar degree as the active control (10mg/kg Finasteride) and a suppression of both testosterone and DHT rivalling Finasteride in magnitude; Finasteride was more effective in reducing serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA).[57] The authors hypothesized a 5α-reductase inhibiting effect, although it was not established in vitro in this study (this study was responded to,[58] which merely discussed the need more research and product standardization).
In studies measuring liver enzymes, there is no increase following 5mg/kg oral ingestion for 4 weeks.[57]
Ursolic acid (as well as related compounds maslinic acid and oleanolic acid[59]) is known as an angiogenesis inhibitor, preventing the formation of new blood vessels from larger ones. In blood vessel cells, ursolic acid seems to act via inhibiting the PI3K-Akt pathway and Nitric Oxide induction, which suppresses cellular changes preceding angiogenesis.[59][60] These results have been seen in vivo with nontoxic dosages of ursolic acid, and ursolic acid also inhibits expression of MMP2 and MMP9 (intermediates required for the final stages of angiogenesis into new tissue)[61]
This inhibition of vascularization is currently under investigation for its anti-cancer therapeutic potential, as new tumor cells require blood flow and need angiogenesis to occur for them to survive.[62] The previous study that tested rats with ursolic acid noted that the experimental group having ursolic acid at 4.25mcg/kg (50umol/kg) for 5 days had 42.03% as much vascularization in melanoma tumors as control (untreated).
Ursolic acid, when fed to rats at 5mg/kg bodyweight, was able to cause infertility by inhibiting spermatogenesis.[63] Specifically, it causes breaking of bridges in between cells that are soon to be sperm, and the damaged cells then collect to form symplasts in the Seminiferous Tubules that are associated with male infertility. It does not appear to cause long-term damage to the testes.
At least one other in vitro study noted that ursolic acid was able to reduce sperm motility.[64]
One study noted that ursolic acid was able to induce cell death in endothelial cells when the concentration exceeded 12.5uM, and that the mechanism of death was apoptosis related; DNA strand breaks were noted 6 hours after incubation via p53.[23] The DNA strand breaks were later seen in vivo in ApoE deficient mice when the water was spiked with 10uM or 30uM of ursolic acid.
(Common misspellings for Ursolic Acid include urosolic, ursolik, urosolik, eroslic, irsolic, erosolic, irosolic)
(Common phrases used by users for this page include gambar struktur triterpenoid, ursolic acid, food sources of ursolic acid, ursolic acid supplements, ursolic acid benefits, ursolic acid supplement)
(Users who contributed to this page include KurtisFrank )


text:
The Cartilage In My Knee Was Removed
Author: Cristina Campbell
Location: IL, United States
Date: 05-02-2013
Views: 5,054
Word Length: 421
Questions received: 7
Testimonial ID: 8514-OR
When I first started with Young Living I was suffering from a diagnosis called Gulf War Syndrome. You can read my bio at http://tinyurl.com/czs3yan.
I was told when I was in the United States Army, in my mid-thirties, that I had arthritis of a 50 year old. I had the cartilage in my knee removed in 1988 and was experiencing a lot of knee pain and swelling. Bone on bone pain.
When I started using Young Living in 1999, I decided to address the knee issue as well. I would use a few drops of PanAway daily, sometimes peppermint and wintergreen. Then I started taking the supplements. I started with Sulfurzyme and it seemed to work well on my skin where I would frequently have an inflammatory response from the chemicals I was exposed to in the military. I noticed that my knee was feeling better.
In 2007 I fragmented a disc at L5/S1 and was in terrible pain. I started using BLM and Ningxia Red on a daily basis. My back healed itself within 18 months and I have never had any knee pain since.
I continue to take NingXia Red and Sulfurzyme daily. I put 2 heaping teaspoons. Of Sufurzyme in 2-4 ounces of NingXia Red EVERYDAY! I will be 60 next Tuesday and I feel great, no aches and pains, my skin is looking great and I owe it all to Young Living.
A side note: My mother had fallen and torn the cartilage in her knee a couple of years ago and she had to use a 3-footed cane to get around. She was in terrible pain every time she would have to get up and walk around. Her doctor told her she had bone on bone. I gave her my NingXia Red/Sulfurzyme combo along with taking 3 BLM capsules daily. Her knee pain is gone and she takes other supplements to keep her in good health, like Multigreens, Omegagize, Life 5 and Comfortone. You wouldn't know she will be 83 in June.
If you have any questions please contact me with the link below in the "Available Options" section. It would be my pleasure to assist you. Help me spread the word about using natural remedies for health and healing! I would be honored to do an informal or formal talk to your friends, family, co-workers, etc. Also, please JOIN my interactive website at www.healthforlife.ning.com I would love to see you there!
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NI firms can look to stock exchange
The past 18 months have seen a strong pick up in the initial public offering (IPO) market in the UK. Yet Northern Ireland lags behind the trend, with a relatively low level of listed businesses.
Shane Taggart has joined Western Building Systems as contracts director.
Paul McSorley has been appointed as sales and commercial manager at Sangers (NI).
Jane Williams has joined Belfast-based PR firm JPR as an account executive.
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Vietnam's stunningly beautiful Halong Bay is a World Heritage Site and a kayaker's dream but Mark Harris found the legends of pearl-spitting dragons as enticing as the emerald-green waters and countless grottoes
Designed to survive Australia's Outback, the 2012 model of the Ford Ranger Wildtrak offers unexpected refinement and car-like handling with executive-car provision in both accomodation and equipment levels, says Jim McCauley
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Trevor McCrum has been appointed business unit director at Premier Bakeries Ireland.
Sam Burke has been appointed ARC manager at Mercury Security Management.
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There's no better time to take advice on how to...


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Richard Wolkowski, Extension soil scientist at the University of Wisconsin, talks about the benefits of banding fertilizer, rather than a broadcast application. From whether or not to use a starter to response from micronutrients, Wolkowski makes a case for banding your fertilizer.
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Digital signage manufacturer iBASE Technology (USA) Inc. has announced the release of the "Signature Book" SI-38 — a professional grade digital signage system packed into ultra-compact dimensions and powered by the new AMD Embedded R-Series Platform. The AMD Embedded R-Series APU allows the SI-38 to maintain an exceptionally small form factor, while still enabling powerful graphic performances in many different applications, the company said.
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The all new "Signature Book" series — SI-38, SI-56 and SI-58 — will be presented at this year's InfoComm 2012 show in Las Vegas.
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Digital Signage and Emergency Messaging: Best Practices
Digital Out-of-Home Made Easy for Advertising Agencies
Interactive Digital Signage: Maximizing Engagement in Three Steps


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UPDATED INFORMATION: Fire Crews On The Scene Of Reported Structure Fire
Bliss, Idaho (KMVT-TV) Hagerman, Gooding, Wendell and Bliss fire crews responded to a structure fire on River Road in Gooding county. Crews were called to the scene of the fire just before 11am today. An unconfirmed report indicates that one person may have been trapped and needed to be rescued through a window. KMVT and FOX 14 news is following this developing story and will have the latest as it becomes available.
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Honey Bubble Ring Recipe
"When our daughters were little, they enjoyed helping me make this sweet honey-flavored pull-apart bread," notes Jane Waters of Lincoln, Missouri. "We still enjoy it around the holidays."
- 1/2 cup honey
- 1/3 cup sugar
- 1/4 cup chopped pecans
- 1 tablespoon orange juice
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1/2 teaspoon grated orange peel
- 3 tubes (12 ounces each) refrigerated buttermilk biscuits
- 1. In a bowl, combine the first six ingredients. Cut each biscuit into four pieces; dip each piece halfway into honey mixture. Layer in a greased 10-in. tube pan. Bake at 375° for 30-35 minutes or until golden brown. Cool for 10 minutes; invert pan onto a serving platter. Yield: 12-15 servings.
Nutritional Facts
1 serving (1 piece) equals 121 calories, 2 g fat (trace saturated fat), 0 cholesterol, 194 mg sodium, 25 g carbohydrate, trace fiber, 2 g protein.
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