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Key things you need to know aboutDr. Concepcion:
Phone & Address
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Dr. Concepcion's Offices
- Gilbert Concepcion MD, P.A
- Gilbert Concepcion MD, P.A
- 7150 W 20th Ave Ste 318
- Hialeah, FL 33016
(305) 290-2234
- (305) 702-9393
- Directions
- Miami International Cardiology
- Miami International Cardiology
- 3801 Biscayne Blvd Ste 300
- Miami, FL 33137
(305) 290-2234
- (305) 571-0620
- Directions
7 Tips to Prepare for Your Appointment
The key to a successful appointment is communication. To get the most out of your visit, prepare ahead of time so you can lead the conversation with your doctor. These 7 tips will get you ready
Dr. Concepcion's Experience
Research training, expertise and qualifications
Dr. Concepcion's Specialties
- Internal Medicine
- View 1 specialty and 1 board certification
Conditions Dr. Concepcion Treats
- Arrhythmias (incl. Atrial Fibrillation)
- Hypertension
More About Dr. Concepcion's Background
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- Mercy Hospital
- 3663 South Miami Avenue
- Miami, FL 33133
- Palmetto General Hospital
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9 Facts About Hospital Quality
Patients' risk of dying during a hospital stay for heart bypass surgery could be 85.2% lower, on average, at a hospital rated 5 stars compared to a hospital rated 1 star for that procedure. Choosing the right hospital is critical to your health. View Slideshow
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Patients' feedback on their experience with Dr. Concepcion
Likelihood of recommending Dr. Concepcion to family and friends is 3.3 out of 5
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90s -Riggers- Mens blue, off white red, green and yellow bold floral print polyester and cotton, nylon brief lined wicked 90s hawaiian swim trunks with elastic/tie off waistline and three pocket cut.
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Below are the available bulk discount rates for each individual item when you purchase a certain amount
Beautifully detailed hand painted Liberty Bell Replica with stand. Crack and inscription are legible. Antique bronze finish bell and hand painted stand. Constructed of poly resin. This paperweight is 3" wide by 2 1/5 " deep by 3 1/4" high.
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Malnutrition impacts all organ systems, including the brain. This impact can be present despite an individual being of normal weight or overweight since it depends upon balanced and complete nutrition as well as overall caloric intake.
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o yea umm for the bleach rpg who's your lieutenant??????
I wish I was in your shoes, I had nothing to so around here, Rosebud is a crowded place, hardly any jobs are being opened up, and thats what I need right now, a job. Something to keep me busy so I don't have to lay on my &ss all day long. Sorry to hear about your grandparents.
I was busy with family times you know? my sister graduated from the 8th grade and now she's moving on to high school, and I was at home, I did tried to get on but apparantly everybody at my house keeps leaving. without telling me.
not that into playing games but thanks for the invite, however I will accept your request seening as your rpg is based on tenchi, I think that is cool and it cool to see someone else who likes tenchi on this site
awesome thnx and also dont you think that grimmjow should not god mod he is a shinigami with a cero seriously he has no weakness either
18+ whas cansoled whant to help pick a new name for the new group any jugjestions will help (I got to lern how to spell beter)
hey whats up with bleach rpg we ever gonna actually post for it ????
hi...do you know how rping works here cause I'm confused -_-'.......do you post your RP in the rp ideas area and wait for a mod to check ot or something like that
thats awesome kenpachi is one of my faves to and how he doesnt even know his zanpakuto yet and he is a captain is sweet but ulquiorra is my most favorite, grimmjow is my second fave, kenpachi is third, and byakuya is fourth oh yea if you had a zanpakuto and bankai how would you make it??
who's ur favorite bleach characters??? .
The Listener


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Guess why my mom and dad are DA BEST?!?
Very nice...grats!
Congrats!!!!!! glad to see people indulging your knitting addiction!!
(and I just love the picture of Leetah on your blog! Great series!) |
Thats awesome!!!! Let us know how you like them I've been thinking
about getting them. I got the dpns and I think they pretty . I havent used them yet, though. |
Good for you, I hope you enjoy them. I must be the only person who doesnt have them.......yet!:aww: Sissy
:hug: I wouldn't have them either if it wasn't for the parents. |
Congratulations. I have the Options set and I ordered just two of the 16 inch Harmony circs. Size 5 & 8. Was a little uncomfortable with them at first but now I love them. Can't justify buying a whole set though. Have fun with your new needles.:happydance:
How cool is that? Yay, Letah. I still have to order mine, that DH said he'd get for my bday this year. haha. Just haven't had the time to order it.
Kewl :mrgreen:
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Vol. 10, No. 2 Nov/Dec. 2007
The STAR CLUB TAPES.... AGAIN! That wonderful depository of the creative, the absurd and often the somewhat insane By Brad Howard
Interview with Can't Buy Me Love author Jonathan Gould By Jeff Slate
A Diary of Recent News and Events By Peter Nash
Paperback Writer By Brad Howard


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If Andreyco was given the series under different circumstances, I'd be jumping in on this ( his Manhunter work was great ) , but after everything that has been said about how DC treated Williams and Blackman, I'm hessitant. It seems like there is going to be a lot more intervention and pressure to link the book to the rest of the Bat-verse more regularly. And given DC's intention to turn Snyder's EVERT FREAKING STORYLINE in a big crossover event, Batwoman seems bound to lose a big part of the autonomy the title had.
IkarosZ's forum posts
I would't want them to send anyone packing, but I could certainly do with a little less Wolverine. I get that he is ultra-popular but they don't need to have him star in half the X-books, and cameo in the half of the Marvel Universe.
@zackattack529: @zackattack529 said:
can you imagine what he'd do if he had batman? he'd probabaly make this whole event of joe chill actually habing a reason for killing bruces parents and that his parents were secret agents or something... he ruins DC. and everyone is blind to see it!!
So what you're saying is he'd turn Batman's parrents into ... Spider-man's ?
Isn't it weird that all the members of the Trinity of Sin are from different time periods? Pandora is from ancient Greece ( just after the dawn of mankind, according to her myth ) , Phantom Stranger , if he is Judas ( and it was made pretty clear that he is ) is from 33 A.C. and the Question... well I have no idea, but I guess we will find out after his original name is revealed.
Nightwing , Kyle Rayner ( preferably restored to his Ion powers, but he is cool anyway ) , Donna Troy , Wally West, a Superwoman (Kristin Wells or Linda Danvers ) , Tempest and Starman
Alternate utopian universe and return the moment they left
where is this from?


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GIANT CAKE!!! Please save me!!!
(12 Posts)I have used this recipe and it was lovely, after seeing someone recommend it on here.
I did slice it and found it quite easy, placed cocktail sticks all around the middle and then used some fishing wire, was quite impressed it worked!
I use self raising in all my cakes cake and yes, I use a Kenwood and beat the arse out of it. Also, make it the day before its needed, as it does firm up overnight
imnotaslimjim for that madeira cake, is it plain flour? Do you beat it like crazy - just trying to figure how to achieve that lovely dense but soft texture of a classic madeira?
Sorry, i've been offline for a couple of days. I use that recipe at least once a week (I sell cakes from home) and yes it does sound like a lot of eggs but it makes a lovely soft but dense cake that is great for stacking and carving, and keeps for at least 10 days after baking. Its a Maisie Fantasie recipe if you want to look it up
imnoraslimjim what size are the 2 tins you'll split this mixture between? I want to make 2 square cakes to layer up. The tin is 23cm x 23. 20 eggs sounds like a lot of cake mixture!
Bake it at 130 degrees. Its perfectly possible to bake a 12" cake nicely at this temperature.
the cheats method is to make a smaller cake, and have some bar cakes or other round cakes with the same icing colours on, slice into the big cake, and pass out the others as required!
Wrapping the tin in newspaper like you would for a fruitcake also helps :-)
for a really decent madeira, use 1kg each of marg, sugar and flour, and 20 eggs, and split between 2 tins. Will take between 70 and 90 mins to bake @ 160. If its starting to crisp before its cooked in the centre, turn it down 10 degrees and cover with tinfoil
12" round is not as big as 12" square, but we tried several times in our test kitchen at work and found that you could only bake a 12" square madeira successfully by putting a cone in the middle. Otherwise the outside gets decidedly crisp before the middle gets cooked through. The problem is that the middle of the cake is 6" away from the outside of the pan.
An alternative method was subsequently found by someone else and it involved changing temperatures part way through, and covering with baking parchment to stop it drying out. If you want details, let me know.
Instead of slicing (something that always fills me with dread) it is easy to make 2 sponges. Madeira tends to cook flat, unlike a normal sponge which can rise in the middle, so should be easy enough.
As long as your timings are correct, I see no reason why it would go crispy or overcook.
Good luck!!
So, I've been asked to make my friends PFB's first birthday cake. I'm suitably honoured and excited about this! I've planned the cake and the fondant designs (Barry the fish with fingers anyone?!) My problem is that it's for 30 grown ups (and splatterings for babies) and so as I'm terrified of making a stacked cake it's going to be a 12inch circular cake.
I'm thinking that to be a strong stable structure that Madeira cake may be the way forwards but I've never made a Madeira cake before! I want to slice it and sandwich it with buttercream (yes real buttercream!) and jam but is that suitable?
I'm wary of "scaling up" a recipe because I'm worried the outside will go all crispy and overcooked so I would be VERY grateful of any advice you could offer me!
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This essay examines Popeye from William Faulkners Sanctuary and the psychology behind the criminal. Popeye is an outsider of mainstream society and by being such is placed in a position where he serves as a critic of that society. Popeyes background suggests more clearly the psychology of criminal behavior using a primary source from The Manchester Guardian that discusses the psychology of deviant youths so that Popeye is understood in this essay not with the modern insight of psychology today, but with the comprehension of 1920s popular psychology. As an adult, the fear that Popeye incites in the other characters reveals the impotency of the society due to Popeyes ability to infiltrate and strike fear and doubt into the rungs of each class. Popeyes disregard for the law and the laws inability to recognize Popeye as a threat displays the corruption of this society, further perpetuating Popeye as both an outsider and a critic.
Presenter: | Shannon Pfeifer (Undergraduate Student) |
Topic: | English |
Location: | 218 Hartwell |
Time: | 3 pm Session IV |
Writers Forum: Calvin Trillin
7:30 pm
Brockport Concert Performance of Porgy and Bess
7:30 pm - 9:30 pm
Graduate Commencement Ceremony
5 pm


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Enrique Granados Works
A selection of articles related to enrique granados works.
Original articles from our library related to the Enrique Granados Works. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Enrique Granados Works.
- King James Bible: James, Chapter 2
- Chapter 2 2:1 My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons. 2:2 For if there come unto your assembly a man with a gold ring, in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment; 2:3 And...
New Testament >> The Epistle of James
- King James Bible: Revelation, Chapter 2
- Chapter 2 2:1 Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks; 2:2 I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou...
New Testament >> Revelation
- Am I Damned?: Part 1
- (Excerpted from a planned website, much of this material has already appeared in answer to various questions on the boards, especially in General Earth Spirituality. I will attempt to redact it for this forum, as much of the arguments contained here are basic...
Religions >> Christianity & Paganism
- King James Bible: John, Chapter 10
- Chapter 10 10:1 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by the door into the sheepfold, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber. 10:2 But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. 10:3 To him the...
New Testament >> John
- The Living Tradition of Thelema
- Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law. What Crowley began, others must continue and develop or Thelema will become but a memory in the history of the Western Mystery Tradition. Yes, he was a Prophet and the Ipsissimus that one could say invented...
Mystic Sciences >> Magick
- A Treatise on Astral Projection, Part 3: The Rope Techniques
- A key ingredient to the new projection techniques is an invisible, imaginary ROPE hanging from your ceiling. This ROPE will be used to exert dynamic pressure at a single point on your astral body to force its separation from the physical. The ROPE technique...
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- Hulse, David Allen
- From an early age, David Allen Hulse has made a diligent study of the alphabets of the ancient world. Even as a child, David possessed a great affinity for the alphabets of Egypt, Phoenicia, and Greece. In college, a reading of MacGregor Mathers' Kabbalah...
Real Interviews >> Authors
Enrique Granados Works is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Enrique Granados Works books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- in the works of Enrique Granados with emphasis on his. Goyescas.
- scholarsbank.uoregon.edu
- intermediate-level solo piano works by Enrique Granados. Compositions were chosen based on their musical and pedagogical appeal and accessibility.
- etd.lsu.edu
- Goyescas is a very challenging work full of Granados's artistic devotion for . Enrique Granados, La maja dolorosa, self-portrait, and La maja en el balcón .
- etd.ohiolink.edu
- TACET - Welte Mignon Mystery
- The Welte-Mignon-Mystery Vol. I. Enrique Granados today playing his 9 3 interpretations.
- www.tacet.de
- Song of the
- Jan 28, 2011 him as an exceptional pianist.
- www.vocalessence.org
Suggested Web Resources
- Enrique Granados - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- 12 danzas españolas (1890) for piano. The contents of the four volumes are: Vol.
- en.wikipedia.org
- Enrique Granados - Work
- Feb 5, 2002 Enrique Granados [Biography] · [Work] · [Photos] · [Recordings] .
- www.macmcclure.com
- Enrique Granados, Work List
- Enrique Granados : Work List. Orchestra. La Calesa.
- www.chesternovello.com
- Enrique Granados - Piano Society
- Enrique Granados - Piano Society. success as a composer came with the 12 Spanish Dances of 1890, a set that has become one of his most popular works.
- www.pianosociety.com
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Talk:William Rowan Hamilton
William Rowan Hamilton has been listed as a level-4 vital article in People. If you can improve it, please do. This article has been rated as B-Class. |
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A fact from this article was featured on Wikipedia's Main Page in the On this day... section on April 23, 2005, April 23, 2006, April 23, 2007, April 23, 2008, April 23, 2009, and April 23, 2010. |
- 1 Quote query
- 2 Alternative version of article
- 3 needs work
- 4 Whew, work needed!
- 5 Copyright violation? Maybe.
- 6 Two Musings
- 7 Catherine Disney
- 8 Early life: anyone want to adopt a lawyer?
- 9 Removed note "AnyoneBornAndLivingInTheUKIsBritish"
- 10 "United Kingdom" is incorrect designation
- 11 Alcohol related?
- 12 Consistency of Hamilton equation.
- 13 First interest in mathematics
Quote query[edit]
"He was subsequently educated by James Hamilton (curate of Trim), his uncle and an Anglican priest." - does this mean he was educated by his uncle, James Hamilton, who was an Anglican priest, or does it mean that he was educated by three people, James Hamilton, an unnamed uncle, and an unnamed Anglican priest??? 220.127.116.11 15:30, 23 Apr 2005 (UTC)
Alternative version of article[edit]
The article below seems not to belong on a "talk" page but to be simply an alternative version of a subject article. While it might make sense to merge those things that aren't already in the referenced article into that one, why was this put here? - BRG 16:35, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)
William Rowan Hamilton was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the 3d of August, 1805. His father, Archibald Hamilton, was a solicitor in the city of Dublin; his mother, Sarah Hutton, belonged to an intellectual family, but she did not live to exercise much influence on the education of her son. There has been some dispute as to how far Ireland can claim Hamilton; Professor Tait of Edinburgh in the Encyclopaedia Brittanica claims him as a Scotsman, while his biographer, the Rev. Charles Graves, claims him as essentially Irish. The facts appear to be as follows: His father's mother was a Scotch woman; his father's father was a citizen of Dublin. But the name "Hamilton" points to Scottish origin, and Hamilton himself said that his family claimed to have come over from Scotland in the time of James I. Hamilton always considered himself an Irishman; and as Burns very early had an ambition to achieve something for the renown of Scotland, so Hamilton in his early years had a powerful ambition to do something for the renown of Ireland. In later life he used to say that at the beginning of the century people read French mathematics, but that at the end of it they would be reading Irish mathematics.
Hamilton, when three years of age, was placed in the charge of his uncle, the Rev. James Hamilton, who was the curate of Trim, a country town, about twenty miles from Dublin, and who was also the master of the Church of England school. From his uncle he received all his primary and secondary education and also instruction in Oriental languages. As a child Hamilton was a prodigy; at three years of age he was a superior reader of English and considerably advanced in arithmetic; at four a good geographer; at five able to read and translate Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and liked to recite Dryden, Collins, Milton and Homer; at eight a reader of Italian and French and giving vent to his feelings in extemporized Latin; at ten a student of Arabic and Sanscrit. When twelve years old he met Zerah Colburn, the American calculating boy, and engaged with him in trials of arithmetical skill, in which trials Hamilton came off with honor, although Colburn was generally the victor. These encounters gave Hamilton a decided taste for arithmetical computation, and for many years afterwards he loved to perform long operations in arithmetic in his mind, extracting the square and cube root, and solving problems that related to the properties of numbers. When thirteen he received his initiation into algebra from Clairault's Algebra in the French, and he made an epitome, which he ambitiously entitled "A Compendious Treatise on Algebra by William Hamilton."
When Hamilton was fourteen years old, his father died and left his children slenderly provided for. Henceforth, as the elder brother of three sisters, Hamilton had to act as a man. This year he addressed a letter of welcome, written in the Persian language, to the Persian Ambassador, then on a visit to Dublin; and he met again Zerah Colburn. In the interval Zerah had attended one of the great public schools of England. Hamilton had been at a country school in Ireland, and was now able to make a successful investigation of the methods by which Zerah made his lightning calculations. When sixteen, Hamilton studied the Differential Calculus by the help of a French textbook, and began the study of the Mécanique céleste of Laplace, and he was able at the beginning of this study to detect a flaw in the reasoning by which Laplace demonstrates the theorem of the parallelogram of forces. This criticism brought him to the notice of Dr. Brinkley, who was then the professor of astronomy in the University of Dublin, and resided at Dunkirk, about five miles from the centre of the city. He also began an investigation for himself of equations which represent systems of straight lines in a plane, and in so doing hit upon ideas which he afterwards developed into his first mathematical memoir to the Royal Irish Academy. Dr. Brinkley is said to have remarked of him at this time: "This young man, I do not say will be, but is, the first mathematician of his age."
At the age of eighteen Hamilton entered Trinity College, Dublin, the University of Dublin founded by Queen Elizabeth, and differing from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in having only one college. Unlike Oxford, which has always given prominence to classics, and Cambridge, which has always given prominence to mathematics, Dublin at that time gave equal prominence to classics and to mathematics. In his first year Hamilton won the very rare honor of optime at his examination in Homer. In the old Universities marks used to be and in some cases still are published, descending not in percentages but by means of the scale of Latin adjectives: optime, valdebene, bene, satis, mediocriter, vix medi, non ; optime means passed with the very highest distinction; vix means passed but with great difficulty. This scale is still in use in the medical examinations of the University of Edinburgh. Before entering college Hamilton had been accustomed to translate Homer into blank verse, comparing his result with the translations of Pope and Cowper; and he had already produced some original poems. In this, his first year he wrote a poem "On college ambition" which is a fair specimen of his poetical attainments.
- Oh! Ambition hath its hour
- Of deep and spirit-stirring power;
- Not in the tented field alone,
- Nor peer-engirded court and throne;
- Nor the intrigues of busy life;
- But ardent Boyhood's generous strife,
- While yet the Enthusiast spirit turns
- Where'er the light of Glory burns,
- Thinks not how transient is the blaze,
- But longs to barter Life for Praise.
- Look round the arena, and ye spy
- Pallid cheek and faded eye;
- Among the bands of rivals, few
- Keep their native healthy hue:
- Night and thought have stolen away
- Their once elastic spirit's play.
- A few short hours and all is o'er,
- Some shall win one triumph more;
- Some from the place of contest go
- Again defeated, sad and slow.
- What shall reward the conqueror then
- For all his toil, for all his pain,
- For every midnight throb that stole
- So often o'er his fevered soul?
- Is it the applaudings loud
- Or wond'ring gazes of the crowd;
- Disappointed envy's shame,
- Or hollow voice of fickle Fame?
- These may extort the sudden smile,
- May swell the heart a little while;
- But they leave no joy behind,
- Breathe no pure transport o'er the mind,
- Nor will the thought of selfish gladness
- Expand the brow of secret sadness.
- Yet if Ambition hath its hour
- Of deep and spirit-stirring power,
- Some bright rewards are all its own,
- And bless its votaries alone:
- The anxious friend's approving eye;
- The generous rivals' sympathy;
- And that best and sweetest prize
- Given by silent Beauty's eyes!
- These are transports true and strong,
- Deeply felt, remembered long:
- Time and sorrow passing o'er
- Endear their memory but the more.
The "silent Beauty" was not an abstraction, but a young lady whose brothers were fellow-students of Trinity College. This led to much effusion of poetry; but unfortunately while Hamilton was writing poetry about her another young man was talking prose to her; with the result that Hamilton experienced a disappointment. On account of his self-consciousness, inseparable probably from his genius, he felt the disappointment keenly. He was then known to the professor of astronomy, and walking from the College to the Observatory along the Royal Canal, he was actually tempted to terminate his life in the water.
In his second year he formed the plan of reading so as to compete for the highest honors both in classics and in mathematics. At graduation two gold medals were awarded, the one for distinction in classics, the other for distinction in mathematics. Hamilton aimed at carrying off both. In his junior year he received an optime in mathematical physics; and, as the winner of two optimes, the one in classics, the other in mathematics, he immediately became a celebrity in the intellectual circle of Dublin.
In his senior year he presented to the Royal Irish Academy a memoir embodying his research on systems of lines. He now called it a "Theory of Systems of Rays" and it was printed in the Transactions. About this time Dr. Brinkley was appointed to the bishopric of Cloyne, and in consequence resigned the professorship of astronomy. In the United Kingdom it is customary when a post becomes vacant for aspirants to lodge a formal application with the appointing board and to supplement their own application by testimonial letters from competent authorities. In the present case quite a number of candidates appeared, among them Airy, who afterwards became Astronomer Royal of England, and several Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin. Hamilton did not become a formal candidate, but he was invited to apply, with the result that he received the appointment while still an undergraduate, and not twenty-two years of age. Thus was his undergraduate career signalized much more than by the carrying off of the two gold medals. Before assuming the duties of his chair he made a tour through England and Scotland, and met for the first time the poet Wordsworth at his home at Rydal Mount, in Cumberland. They had a midnight walk, oscillating backwards and forwards between Rydal and Ambleside, absorbed in converse on high themes, and finding it almost impossible to part. Wordsworth afterwards said that Coleridge and Hamilton were the two most wonderful men, taking all their endowments together, that he had ever met.
In October, 1827, he came to reside at the place which was destined to be the scene of his scientific labors. The Observatory is situated on the top of a hill, Dunsink, about five miles from Dublin. The house adjoins the observatory; to the east is an extensive lawn; to the west a garden with stone wall and shaded walks; to the south a terraced field; at the foot of the hill is the Royal Canal; to the southeast the city of Dublin; while the view is bounded by the sea and the Dublin and Wicklow Mountains; a fine home for a poet or a philosopher or a mathematician, and in Hamilton all three were combined.
Settled at the Observatory he started out diligently as an observer, but he found it difficult to stand the low temperatures incident to the work. He never attained skill as an observer, and unfortunately he depended on a very poor assistant. Himself a brilliant computer, with a good observer for assistant, the work of the observatory ought to have flourished. One of the first distinguished visitors at the Observatory was the poet Wordsworth, in commemoration of which one of the shaded walks in the garden was named Wordsworth's walk. Wordsworth advised him to concentrate his powers on science; and, not long after, wrote him as follows: "You send me showers of verses which I receive with much pleasure, as do we all: yet have we fears that this employment may seduce you from the path of science which you seem destined to tread with so much honor to yourself and profit to others. Again and again I must repeat that the composition of verse is infinitely more of an art than men are prepared to believe, and absolute success in it depends upon innumerable minutiæ which it grieves me you should stoop to acquire a knowledge of... Again I do venture to submit to your consideration, whether the poetical parts of your nature would not find a field more favorable to their exercise in the regions of prose; not because those regions are humbler, but because they may be gracefully and profitably trod, with footsteps less careful and in measures less elaborate."
Hamilton possessed the poetic imagination; what he was deficient in was the technique of the poet. The imagination of the poet is kin to the imagination of the mathematician; both extract the ideal from a mass of circumstances. In this connection De~Morgan wrote: "The moving power of mathetical invention is not reasoning but imagination. We no longer apply the homely term maker in literal translation of poet; but discoverers of all kinds, whatever may be their lines, are makers, or, as we mow say, have the creative genius." Hamilton spoke of the Mécanique analytique of Lagrange as a "scientific poem"; Hamilton himself was styled the Irish Lagrange. Engineers venerate Rankine, electricians venerate Maxwell; both were scientific discoverers and likewise poets, that is, amateur poets. The proximate cause of the shower of verses was that Hamilton had fallen in love for the second time. The young lady was Miss de Vere, daughter of an accomplished Irish baronet, and who like Tennyson's Lady Clara Vere de Vere could look back on a long and illustrious descent. Hamilton had a pupil in Lord Adare, the eldest son of the Earl of Dunraven, and it was while visiting Adare Manor that he was introduced to the De Vere family, who lived near by at Curragh Chase. His suit was encouraged by the Countess of Dunraven, it was favorably received by both father and mother, he had written many sonnets of which Ellen de Vere was the inspiration, he had discussed with her astronomy, poetry and philosophy; and was on the eve of proposing when he gave up because the young lady incidentally said to him that "she could not live happily anywhere but at Curragh." His action shows the working of a too self-conscious mind, proud of his own intellectual achievements, and too much awed by her long descent. So he failed for the second time; but both of these ladies were friends of his to the last.
At the age of 27 he contributed to the Irish Academy a supplementary paper on his Theory of Systems of Rays, in which he predicted the phenomenon of conical refraction; namely, that under certain conditions a single ray incident on a biaxial crystal would be broken up into a cone of rays, and likewise that under certain conditions a single emergent ray would appear as a cone of rays. The prediction was made by Hamilton on Oct. 22nd; it was experimentally verified by his colleague Prof. Lloyd on Dec. 14th. It is not experiment alone or mathematical reasoning alone which has built up the splendid temple of physical science, but the two working together; and of this we have a notable exemplification in the discovery of conical refraction.
Twice Hamilton chose well but failed; now he made another choice and succeeded. The lady was a Miss Bayly, who visited at the home of her sister near Dunsink hill. The lady had serious misgivings about the state of her health; but the marriage took place. The kind of wife which Hamilton needed was one who could govern him and efficiently supervise all domestic matters; but the wife he chose was, from weakness of body and mind, incapable of doing it. As a consequence, Hamilton worked for the rest of his life under domestic difficulties of no ordinary kind.
At the age of 28 he made a notable addition to the theory of Dynamics by extending to it the idea of a Characteristic Function, which he had previously applied with success to the science of Optics in his Theory of Systems of Rays. It was contributed to the Royal Society of London, and printed in their Philosophical Transactions. The Royal Society of London is the great scientific society of England, founded in the reign of Charles II, and of which Newton was one of the early presidents; Hamilton was invited to become a fellow but did not accept, as he could not afford the expense.
At the age of 29 he read a paper before the Royal Irish Academy, which set forth the result of long meditation and investigation on the nature of Algebra as a science; the paper is entitled "Algebra as the Science of Pure Time." The main idea is that as Geometry considered as a science is founded upon the pure intuition of space, so algebra as a science is founded upon the pure intuition of time. He was never satisfied with Peacock's theory of algebra as a "System of Signs and their Combinations"; nor with De Morgan's improvement of it; he demanded a more real foundation. In reading Kant's Critique of Pure Reason he was struck by the following passage: "Time and space are two sources of knowledge from which various a priori synthetical cognitions can be derived. Of this, pure mathematics gives a splendid example in the case of our cognitions of space and its various relations. As they are both pure forms of sensuous intuition, they render synthetical propositions a priori possible." Thus, according to Kant, space and time are forms of the intellect; and Hamilton reasoned that, as geometry is the science of the former, so algebra must be the science of the latter. When algebra is based on any unidimensional subject, such as time, or a straight line, a difficulty arises in explaining the roots of a quadratic equation when they are imaginary. To get over this difficulty Hamilton invented a theory of algebraic couplets, which has proved a conundrum in the mathematical world. Some 20 years ago there nourished in Edinburgh a mathematician named Sang who had computed the most elaborate tables of logarithms in existence -- which still exist in manuscript. On reading the theory in question he first judged that either Hamilton was crazy, or else that he (Sang) was crazy, but eventually reached the more comforting alternative. On the other hand, Prof. Tait believes in its soundness, and endeavors to bring it down to the ordinary comprehension.
We have seen that the British Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1831, and that its first meeting was in the ancient city of York. It was a policy of the founders not to meet in London, but in the provincial cities, so that thereby greater interest in the advance of science might be produced over the whole land. The cities chosen for the place of meeting in following years were the University towns: Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin. Hamilton was the only representative of Ireland present at the Oxford meeting; and at the Oxford, Cambridge, and Edinburgh meetings he not only contributed scientific papers, but he acquired renown as a scientific orator. In the case of the Dublin meeting he was chief organizer beforehand, and chief orator when it met. The week of science was closed by a grand dinner given in the library of Trinity College; and an incident took place which is thus described by an American scientist:
"We assembled in the imposing hall of Trinity Library, two hundred and eighty feet long, at six o'clock. When the company was principally assembled, I observed a little stir near the place where I stood, which nobody could explain, and which, in fact, was not comprehended by more than two or three persons present. In a moment, however, I perceived myself standing near the Lord Lieutenant and his suite, in front of whom a space had been cleared, and by whom was Professor Hamilton, looking very much embarrassed. The Lord Lieutenant then called him by name, and he stepped into the vacant space. 'I am,' said his Excellency, 'about to exercise a prerogative of royalty, and it gives me great pleasure to do it, on this splendid public occasion, which has brought together so many distinguished men from all parts of the empire, and from all parts even of the world where science is held in honor. But, in exercising it, Professor Hamilton, I do not confer a distinction. I but set the royal, and therefore the national mark on a distinction already acquired by your genius and labors.' He went on in this way for three of four minutes, his voice very fine, rich and full; his manner as graceful and dignified as possible; and his language and allusions appropriate and combined into very ample flowing sentences. Then, receiving the State sword from one of his attendants, he said, 'Kneel down, Professor Hamilton'; and laying the blade gracefully and gently first on one shoulder, and then on the other, he said, 'Rise up, Sir William Rowan Hamilton.' The Knight rose, and the Lord Lieutenant then went up, and with an appearance of great tact in his manner, shook hands with him. No reply was made. The whole scene was imposing, rendered so, partly by the ceremony itself, but more by the place in which it passed, by the body of very distinguished men who were assembled there, and especially by the extraordinarily dignified and beautiful manner in which it was performed by the Lord Lieutenant. The effect at the time was great, and the general impression was that, as the honor was certainly merited by him who received it, so the words by which it was conferred were so graceful and appropriate that they constituted a distinction by themselves, greater than the distinction of knighthood. I was afterwards told that this was the first instance in which a person had been knighted by a Lord Lieutenant either for scientific or literary merit."
Two years after another great honor came to Hamilton -- the presidency of the Royal Irish Academy. While holding this office, in the year 1843, when 38 years old, he made the discovery which will ever be considered his highest title to fame. The story of the discovery is told by Hamilton himself in a letter to his son:
"On the 16th day of October, which happened to be a Monday, and Council day of the Royal Irish Academy, I was walking in to attend and preside, and your mother was walking with me along the Royal Canal, to which she had perhaps driven; and although she talked with me now and then, yet an undercurrent of thought was going on in my mind, which gave at last a result, whereof it is not too much to say that I felt at once the importance. An electric circuit seemed to close; and a spark flashed forth, the herald (as I foresaw immediately) of many long years to come of definitely directed thought and work, by myself if spared, and at all events on the part of others, if I should even be allowed to live long enough distinctly to communicate the discovery. Nor could I resist the impulse -- unphilosophical as it may have been -- to cut with a knife on a stone of Brougham Bridge, as we passed it, the fundamental formula with the symbols , , ; namely,
- ,
which contains the solution of the problem, but of course as an inscription has long since mouldered away. A more durable notice remains, however, in the Council Book of the Academy for that day, which records the fact that I then asked for and obtained leave to read a paper on Quaternions, at the first general meeting of the session, which reading took place accordingly on Monday the 13th of November following."
This incident is quoted as an example of how a genius strikes on a discovery all of a sudden. No doubt a problem was solved then and there, but the problem had engaged Hamilton's thoughts and researches for fifteen years. It is rather an illustration of how genius is patience, or a faculty for infinite labor. What was Hamilton struggling to do all these years? To emerge from Flatland into Space; in other words, Algebra had been extended so as to apply to lines in a plane; but no one had been able to extend it so as to apply to lines in space. The greatness of the feat is made evident by the fact that most analysts are still crawling in Flatland. The same year in which he discovered Quaternions the Government granted him a pension of pounds 200 per annum for life, on account of his scientific work.
We have seen how Hamilton gained two optimes, one in classics, the other in physics, the highest possible distinction in his college course; how he was appointed professor of astronomy while yet an undergraduate; how he was a scientific chief in the British Association at 27; how he was knighted for his scientific achievements at 30; how he was appointed president of the Royal Irish Academy at 32; how he discovered Quaternions and received a Government pension at 38; can you imagine that this brilliant and successful genius would fall a victim to intemperance? About this time at a dinner of a scientific society in Dublin he lost control of himself, and was so mortified that, on the advice of friends he resolved to abstain totally. This resolution he kept for two years; when happening to be a member of a scientific party at the castle of Lord Rosse, an amateur astronomer then the possessor of the largest telescope in existence, he was taunted for sticking to water, particularly by Airy the Greenwich astronomer. He broke his good resolution, and from that time forward the craving for alcoholic stimulants clung to him. How could Hamilton with all his noble aspirations fall into such a vice? The explanation lay in the want of order which reigned in his home. He had no regular times for his meals; frequently had no regular meals at all, but resorted to the sideboard when hunger compelled him. What more natural in such condition than that he should refresh himself with a quaff of that beverage for which Dublin is famous --porter labelled ? After Hamilton's death the dining-room was found covered with huge piles of manuscript, with convenient walks between the piles; when these literary remains were wheeled out and examined, china plates with the relics of food upon them were found between the sheets of manuscript, plates sufficient in number to furnish a kitchen. He used to carry on, says his eldest son, long trains of algebraical and arithmetical calculations in his mind, during which he was unconscious of the earthly necessity of eating; "we used to bring in a 'snack' and leave it in his study, but a brief nod of recognition of the intrusion of the chop or cutlet was often the only result, and his thoughts went on soaring upwards."
In 1845 Hamilton attended the second Cambridge meeting of the British Association; and after the meeting he was lodged for a week in the rooms in Trinity College which tradition points out as those in which Sir Isaac Newton composed the Principia. This incident was intended as a compliment and it seems to have impressed Hamilton powerfully. He came back to the Observatory with the fixed purpose of preparing a work on Quaternions which might not unworthily compare with the Principia of Newton, and in order to obtain more leisure for this undertaking he resigned the office of president of the Royal Irish Academy. He first of all set himself to the preparation of a course of lectures on Quaternions, which were delivered in Trinity College, Dublin, in 1848, and were six in number. Among his hearers were George Salmon, now well known for his highly successful series of manuals on Analytical Geometry; and Arthur Cayley, then a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. These lectures were afterward expanded and published in 1853, under the title of Lectures on Quaternions, at the expense of Trinity College, Dublin. Hamilton had never had much experience as a teacher; the volume was criticised for diffuseness of style, and certainly Hamilton sometimes forgot the expositor in the orator. The book was a paradox -- a sound paradox, and of his experience as a paradoxer Hamilton wrote: "It required a certain capital of scientific reputation, amassed in former years, to make it other than dangerously imprudent to hazard the publication of a work which has, although at bottom quite conservative, a highly revolutionary air. It was part of the ordeal through which I had to pass, an episode in the battle of life, to know that even candid and friendly people secretly or, as it might happen, openly, censured or ridiculed me, for what appeared to them my monstrous innovations." One of these monstrous innovations was the principle that is not but . Critics said that he held that is not ; which proceeds on the assumption that only numbers can be represented by letter symbols.
Soon after the publication of the Lectures, he became aware of its imperfection as a manual of instruction, and he set himself to prepare a second book on the model of Euclid's Elements. He estimated that it would fill 400 pages and take two years to prepare; it amounted to nearly 800 closely printed pages and took seven years. At times he would work for twelve hours on a stretch; and he also suffered from anxiety as to the means of publication. Trinity College advanced pounds 200, he paid pounds 50 out of his own pocket, but when illness came upon him the expense of paper and printing had mounted up to pounds 400. He was seized by an acute attack of gout, from which, after several months of suffering, he died on Sept. 2, 1865, in the 61st year of his age.
It is pleasant to know that this great mathematician received during his last illness an honor from the United States, which made him feel that he had realized the aim of his great labors. While the war between the North and South was in progress, the National Academy of Sciences was founded, and the news which came to Hamilton was that he had been elected one of ten foreign members, and that his name had been voted to occupy the specially honorable position of first on the list. Sir William Rowan Hamilton was thus the first foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
As regards religion Hamilton was deeply reverential in nature. He was born and brought up in the Church of England, which was then the established Church in Ireland. He lived in the time of the Oxford movement, and for some time he sympathized with it; but when several of his friends, among them the brother of Miss De Vere, passed over into the Roman Catholic Church, he modified his opinion of the movement and remained Protestant to the end.
The immense intellectual activity of Hamilton, especially during the years when he was engaged on the enormous labor of writing the Elements of Quaternions, made him a recluse, and necessarily took away from his power of attending to the practical affairs of life. Some said that however great a master of pure time he might be he was not a master of sublunary time. His neighbors also took advantage of his goodness of heart. Surrounding the house there is an extensive lawn affording good pasture, and on it Hamilton pastured a cow. A neighbor advised Hamilton that his cow would be much better contented by having another cow for company and bargained with Hamilton to furnish the companion provided Hamilton paid something like a dollar per month.
Here is Hamilton's own estimate of himself. "I have very long admired Ptolemy's description of his great astronomical master, Hipparchus, as ανηρφιλοπονος και φιλαληθης ; a labor-loving and truth-loving man. Be such my epitaph."
Hamilton's family consisted of two sons and one daughter. At the time of his death, the Elements of Quaternions was all finished excepting one chapter. His eldest son, William Edwin Hamilton, wrote a preface, and the volume was published at the expense of Trinity College, Dublin. Only 500 copies were printed, and many of those were presented. In consequence it soon became a scarce book, and as much as $ 35.00 was paid for a copy. A new edition, in two volumes, was later published by Prof. Joly, his successor in Dunsink Observatory.
needs work[edit]
This entry needs a lot of work. For example:
In 1827, Hamilton presented a theory that provided a single function that brings together mechanics, optics and mathematics. It helped in establishing the wave theory of light. He proposed for it when he first predicted its existence in the third supplement to his "Systems of Rays," read in 1832.
What does proposed for it mean? Predicted the existence of WHAT??
For some reason there is a brief discussion of the incredibly important `Hamiltonian' approach to classical mechanics at the end of the section on quaternions. The Hamiltonian approach is vastly more important than the quaternions - and I say this as a huge fan of the quaternions. It should be treated together with his other work on dynamics.
Whew, work needed![edit]
There is a vast amount of info here, but it's written in very archaic language at times, and badly needs re-writing to be more readable and clearer. I would guess vast ammounts have simply been pasted in from the 1911 volume or another old-fashoned article.
I'll try to do some of it, probably won't have time for it all though... --Paulc1001 10:28, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
Copyright violation? Maybe.[edit]
This article has quite a lot in common with this:
The writing seems dated, so perhaps they're both copies of a public domain source, but this should be investigated.--Malcohol 10:56, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
- It's okay! User:Reddi took most of the content from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is now public domain. Phew!--Malcohol 10:18, 15 December 2005 (UTC)
Two Musings[edit]
- In the "Mathematical studies" section, mention is made of the biographer of another great mathematician. I wonder who the mathematician and the biographer were?
- Is it possible to include any information on his alcoholism without seeming to be influenced by the common prejudice about his Irish environment?Lestrade 16:41, 24 March 2006 (UTC)Lestrade
Catherine Disney[edit]
Surely there should be some reference to Catherine Disney his first love. She had a huge influence throughout his life despite never marrying her. Bubya 10:04, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
Early life: anyone want to adopt a lawyer?[edit]
A child prodigy, Archibald Hamilton was the father of William Hamilton, he was a solicitor, in Dublin at 36 Dominick Street, but was later put up for adoption.
This is slightly absurd and needs rewording. As it is it says that
- Archibald Hamilton was a child prodigy
- Archibald Hamilton was the father of William Hamilton (that's OK)
- Archibald Hamilton was a solicitor (OK too)
- later, Archibald Hamilton was put up for adoption
which may be of interest to those who want to study why Archibald Hamilton was put up for adoption after he was already grown up enough to be a solicitor. But it either doesn't say much about William or else (more likely) attributes to Archibald some facts about William (being a prodigy and being put up for adoption). Felsenst (talk) 23:13, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
Removed note "AnyoneBornAndLivingInTheUKIsBritish"[edit]
I removed the following note of above name by User:Seanwal111111, containing:
- Hamilton lived for most of his life in Ireland and said he loved Ireland but considered himself British. In June 1855 he wrote: "My heart still throbs with sympathy for that great British Empire to which, from childhood, I have been accustomed to consider myself as belonging as to my country" (quoted on page 26 of Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Volume Three, downloadable at Archive.org). Throughout his lifetime, Britain and Ireland were united as one country and Hamilton was intellectually and politically, as well as legally, a person of that country. He also expressed his cultural estrangement from the Catholic majority in Ireland: See e.g. pages 103 and 481 of Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Volume Two
This because it is not neutral and inaccurate (since the claims are not backed up by the references added to support them):
- Hamilton lived in, what was then, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The first quote continues with: "...as belonging as to my country—though Ireland, as Ireland has always been the object of my love—and, I think you will admit, of my exertions." (italics as used by Graves in "Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton").
- In this quote Hamilton is explicitly saying Britain is his country, though he loves Ireland. If we're agreed about that we're agreed that he's saying that Britain is his country. We also know very well from elsewhere that Hamilton's politics were strongly Unionist, right? Most Irish Unionists, and Hamilton was no excepttion, identified their nationality as "British" first and foremost, not "Irish". Hamilton's self-identification as a British is one of the main bases for labeling him British at Wikipedia.
- Page 103 of Volume II of his biography by Graves, is about politics. Hamilton joined the Conservatives, and says: "...My joining the Conservatives may, as you say, do no good, but seemed to me my duty. As to the good which they can do, I can only say that many despised the small beginnings of the Catholic Association, and that since agitation, and combination, and popular excitement, have done what I think so much harm, it is time to try whether they cannot be made to do a little good in turn..." So nothing about "...his cultural estrangement from the Catholic majority in Ireland" as claimed in the note.
- The Catholic Association represented the Catholic majority in Ireland and represented a set of values (political and cultural) that Hamilton entirely disagreed with. As he says in the above quote, the organization and agitation on behalf of those values "have done what I think so much harm". It's an instance of his own words expressing his estrangement from Catholic values. You appear to be suggesting that Hamilton wasn't estranged from the values of the Catholic Association, yet you are providing no evidence to support your contention. It's now incumbent on you to come up with some such evidence (I believe, though, that you will find none). However, on thinking about this, I'd now like to delete "cultural estrangement" and replace it with "political estrangement" or, better, simply "estrangement".
- Page 481 is a letter from Hamilton to Rev. George Montgomery, with whom he was befriended and who switched to the Roman Catholic Church:
"I had some intimation before, but hoped that it might not be quite accurate, of what you rightly judged would grieve me. It has, indeed, caused me the most exquisite pain, though it has not diminished my respect or affection for yourself. Our intimacy, as you foresee, is likely, or rather certain, to be impaired ; it has been one of the greatest pleasures of my life, and I believe that you have been good enough to regard it as not disagreeable to you; but neither of us could desire, under the circumstances you mention, that it should continue such as it has been. Indeed, a decided diversity of religious sentiments can scarcely co-exist with real and cordial intimacy ; and, while I acknowledge and feel my great inferiority to you in all theological learning, and am sure that you might entirely vanquish me in argument, I must own that we have been of late receding from each other — a Romeward tendency in some, producing always a Protestant reaction in others."
So again not backing up the claims.
- I can see no way to interpret the above words other than that Hamilton felt estranged from Roman Catholics. Once again, I'd like to replace "cultural estrangement" with the subtly vaguer and more comprehensive "estrangement".
Further the inclusion of this [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] wikilink is not very helpful.
- I've said already that Irish Unionists had no remorse about labelling themselves British. I see nothing unhelpful or dishonorable about labelling the man with the label he'd use himself.
- Statement: Throughout his lifetime, Britain and Ireland were united as one country and Hamilton was intellectually and politically, as well as legally, a person of that country. Crowsnest, do you disagree with that statement? If so, on what specific grounds? If you're unsure whether you can agree with it or not, do you think more support for it from Hamilton's words in the three volume Life of Hamilton by Graves is required? If so, please tell me why. You haven't told me what your problem is here.Seanwal111111 (talk) 21:34, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
- Here's a modern analogy you may find helpful if you're unfamiliar with 19th century Irish Unionism. A Canadian Unionist person living in Quebec today sees himself as Canadian first and foremost, and only secondarily Quebecois (or Quebecian). If 150 years from now, Quebec has become another country it'd be an anachronism to declare this person Quebecois. (Whereas others living in Quebec today are Quebecois first and can be fairly called Quebecois 150 years hence). Analogously Irish Unionists 150 years ago saw themselves as British first and foremost and Irish only secondarily -- Ireland was a region within their country. Seanwal111111 (talk) 14:31, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
Pointing out the links to "Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton" of Graves on archive.org is very relevant, and I added these to the references. -- Crowsnest (talk) 11:19, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
- I am personally not interested whether Hamilton was British or Irish. My interest is with Hamilton as a physicist and mathematician. But I see from your addition to the article, and from your responses above, that yours are different. But I am concerned with obtaining a neutral article, just to prevent the kind of dispute you are trying to start. As far as I can see, stating his nationality as being "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" is more precise and neutral than labelling it as "British". And using "Irish physicist, astronomer, and mathematician" with "Irish" wikilinked to the island Ireland is also correct and precise: that is where he lived. -- Crowsnest (talk) 09:44, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
- As we see above, you haven't given any rebuttal to what I assert is neutral fact, namely Hamilton was intellectually and politically, as well as legally, a British national. But one route to further neutrality here is to state in the opening sentence of the article that he was "a physicist...", and do not say he was "a British physicist...." nor "an Irish physicist....". As you know, at the foot of the page, in the category section, he's categorized as "a British physicist" and also as "an Irish physicist". I consider that unobjectionable. In the info box on the righthand side near the top he's nationality is "UK of GB & Irl", which is acceptable to me. It is quite unnecessary to put a statement in the first sentence that he's British (or Irish) because it's covered elsewhere on the page, and anyway his nationality is fundamentally unimportant and irrelevant to anyone who's interested in his mathematics and physics. I think the habit of mentioning a scientist's nationality upfront in the very first sentence, as if it was something important about the scientist, has been inherited from using the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, and I think it should be deprecated. You appear to agree with me when you say "I am personally not interested whether Hamilton was British or Irish." We can thus resolve our dispute. 23:37, 18 March 2009 (UTC)~ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.108.40.206 (talk)
- I agree that "Irish" may be as confusing as "British", since it is not visible that it is linked to the island Ireland instead of the republic. So I agree with the removal of Irish in the 1st sentence. I suggest to remove it after one week, if no objections are raised against our present - two-person-based - consensus. -- Crowsnest (talk) 00:17, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
"United Kingdom" is incorrect designation[edit]
As far as I know, the "United Kingdom" was only created in 1927, long after Hamiltons death. Rbakels (talk) 22:00, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
- The United Kingdom was created in 1800, with the Acts of Union 1800. Jonchapple (talk) 21:47, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
Can someone tell me why this man is listed in the category "Alcohol related deaths in Ireland"? I find no mention of alcohol in the article. Freikorp (talk) 00:03, 5 July 2010 (UTC)
- Never-mind, I've since looked through the references and added the information to the article. Freikorp (talk) 04:40, 9 July 2010 (UTC)
Consistency of Hamilton equation.[edit]
- i^2 = j^2 = k^2 = -1
- ijk = -1
squaring both sides
- (i^2) (j^2) (k^2) = 1
- (-1) (-1) (-1) = 1
- -1 = 1
Found the error in above. The multiplication in H is not commutative; here is the proper way:
- ijk = -1
- ijkijk = (-1)(-1)
- (-1)ijikjk = 1
- (-1)(-1)iijkjk = 1
- (-1)(-1)(-1)iijjkk = 1
- (-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1) = 1
- 1 = 1
— Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 01:23, 6 May 2012 (UTC)
First interest in mathematics[edit]
I've corrected the date of Hamilton's contest with Colburn, which was erroneously stated as 1818. Throughout 1818 Colburn was a student at Westminster School and was not exhibited. In fact Colburn visited Dublin three times. The first was in 1813 when he was exhibited as a calculating prodigy and when he first met Hamilton. The second was in 1820, by which time Colburn had stopped calculating (much to the dismay of Hamilton - they met again during this visit) and was now a touring actor. Finally in 1822 Colburn visited Dublin seeking investment for some venture. I've added a reference, which includes citations to Graves' work and to Colburn's memoirs. Captainwindy (talk) 20:12, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
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Poisoned food
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Nowadays you cannot trust even your most faithful friend!
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Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning
Question from d3ath90
How many total skill point that I got?
Is it 120? since the max level is 40.
3 years ago
sorriankphoenix answered:
Considering that you get three skill points per level, and the level cap is 40, then it would be feasable that the total skill points acquired will be 120. Although I'm not at level 40 quite yet so I can't answer definatively. You could always google it.
3 years ago
Rezalution141 answered:
Yes. 120 points for Skills and 40 for the skills of Lock-picking and such.
3 years ago
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Page: 67
Mr WINDSOR (5:27 PM)
—I will not be supporting the Water Bill 2007 or the Water (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2007 and I would like to spend the next 20 minutes outlining why. On 7 February 2007, I put out a press release saying that I endorsed the proposed water plan that the Prime Minister put out. I was hopeful at the time that it was more about legitimate policy than politics. In the last few months, in terms of the outcome—or the 'nonoutcome'—of the original proposal and now the referral-of-powers outcome that has produced this piece of legislation, I think we are seeing quite clearly that this is not about policy at all; it is about politics.
We just listened for 20 minutes to the member for Gwydir and I think we can understand why the Prime Minister removed water arrangements from the National Party and gave them to the Liberal Party to try and see through this process. But I do not think the current Minister for the Environment and Water Resources has seen it through at all. In fact, I think he has fallen prey to the Prime Minister's pathway of trying to create some sort of wedge in relation to the Labor Party.
I do not think the Labor Party comes out of this looking good at all either. I have constantly heard today that this is the second-best option and I would agree with that. But if it is the second-best option, why are they supporting it? The Labor Party knows full well that this particular bill bears no resemblance at all to the original water security concept that the Prime Minister had. I do not think any of us in this place would agree that the way in which water policy was put in place over the years and the state boundary issues et cetera did not need to be addressed.
However, if any member whose electorate has water interests were to support this piece of legislation, with its motivation, with the good motherhood statement it contains that can be backed up by very little policy substance, with an associated intergovernmental agreement arrangement with the states that no-one has even sighted and with the way it addresses the issues at present—something like 26 amendments were introduced by the government today—I think they would be negligent to their electorate. For that reason, I will not support this bill and quite possibly I will be the only person in this place who will not support it.
There is the intergovernmental agreement. Victoria has not agreed to it and debate is occurring at the New South Wales level—I know that discussions are happening at the moment in Sydney—about whether it will come in, due to the rules being changed regarding who will meet the compensation arrangements. The bill's clause 255, which applies to compulsory acquisition, can be removed at the stroke of a pen. The National Farmers Federation are of the opinion that clause 255 will suddenly remove some of the obstacles that they believe are within the general concept; but, particularly if there is no IGA in place, how will those things be driven?
This is a great piece of Labor Party legislation. This is the sort of thing that water users would have thought the Labor Party, with a centralist attitude, would have delivered in trying to gain control of a resource. In my view, the way in which this has been perpetrated—the lack of consultation there has been with stakeholders; the lack of consultation there was at the start with Treasury officials and others, such as members of cabinet; the way it was put together on a piece of paper; and the documents that were transferred from the Prime Minister to the premiers for consultation purposes—has been atrocious. I have seen those documents. The way they were presented was an absolute disgrace. It was as though it all happened within half an hour and someone scribbled something that said: 'We've got to do something about the Murray-Darling because Rudd just did something about climate change. We've got to divert this argument to where we can gain something. So let's have a water bill. Let's do something with the Murray-Darling. Let's blame the states.'
Let us blame the states. In 1994, a COAG process was put in place. The member for Gwydir spoke about this earlier; the minister and many others have spoken about it also. That process allowed for reform, one part of which was water reform. That process was through the Council of Australian Governments, with the states coming together and agreeing on reform for major areas, water being one of them. So we had that process to start with. What was the binding process with that? Why did they come together? The member for Gwydir talked about property rights being recognised. In 1994, it was put in place that two things essentially would happen—other things would also happen—so that competition payments would not flow to the states unless the states recognised a number of conditions. The two major conditions were: firstly, a market would be established; and, secondly, property rights would be recognised. Because of the nation's constitutional problems, the property rights would have to be recognised at a state level. The Commonwealth, through its control of the competition policy payments, had the whip hand. The deal that was done was that the money would not flow unless the states recognised their responsibilities under the deal or the arrangement; so the Prime Minister turned around a few months ago and said, 'The states have been incompetent; we need to move in and take this thing over and get it right.'
Let us look at what the Commonwealth actually did over that period. I do not know how many intergovernmental agreements, bilateral arrangements and catchment management blueprints there have been—almost one a year. There is the National Water Initiative; the member for Gwydir was upset that the minister had forgotten that it had even happened. Myriad arrangements were put in place under the auspices of those guarantees. Hundreds of millions of dollars, billions of dollars, have been transferred from the Commonwealth to the states, when the states have not complied with the original arrangement. The Member for Parkes knows about all this.
Mr John Cobb
—I wasn't here.
Mr WINDSOR
—You weren't here, so that absolves you. Good, I am pleased about that. The arrangements that were put in place were that the Commonwealth would not transfer money unless property rights were recognised. Clause 77, removal and entitlements, and clause 255 in this piece of legislation—references back to the NWI and a whole range of other things—still relate to all that nonsense. A water quality and salinity intergovernmental agreement and numerous bilaterals were put in place. Our estimate is that the Commonwealth government has had at its disposal—or disposed of—up to $8 billion since 1996 in the name of reform, of which water has been one part. Through the Natural Heritage Trust and the whole gamut, go back and add up the money that essentially they have transferred to the states for noncompliance with the original arrangements. Now we have the circumstance where the Commonwealth has turned around and said, 'The states have been incompetent; we're going to have to take it off them—and here's another 10 to bring in some of the bigger irrigators to drink from the cake tin.' That is the major reason that I am not supporting this particular piece of legislation.
The National Farmers Federation once again, as they did on Telstra, signed off on something in the belief that there was a document that suggested that there were guarantees of broadband and telephone services for country people. Barnaby Joyce and Peter Corish were delighted with the letter that the minister had written. The letter has never been sighted. It was to be enshrined in legislation, but it has never been seen. Now we have this nonsense that the minister might regulate against Telstra for the provision of services to country people. The horse bolted; the gate was left open. I listened to Laurie Arthur giving evidence the other day to the Senate Standing Committee on the Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. I stayed back for part of that Senate inquiry. He was pushed by some of the senators. Essentially the NFF agrees with the bill.
Then there is a debate about what is in the IGA. What puts the teeth in this legislation? How do you drive it? 'Oh, that will be worked out with the states.' What is different? Is the $10 billion going to be used this time to induce the states to concur with a whole range of other things? Is the commission—because it becomes an authority—going have any real authority for this? Why would the National Farmers Federation sign off on something when they have only seen half the paperwork? Why would you trust the Labor Party with something like this, open-ended as it is? Clause 255 on compulsory acquisition is gone with just one amendment. We heard the member for Parkes, the Assistant Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, say, 'That won't happen; we would never do that.' But you are putting in place legislation that will allow it. You might not do it. You might tell people that you will not do it, but you told people you would not sell Telstra and you told people that there were guarantees of equity of access to broadband and telephone services. But those things are forgotten. And he said, 'I wasn't here.'
What happens in five years time? A lot of this does not come into play until 2015. There is a gap between September 2014 and January 2015 when anything can happen. That has not been closed up. None of us will probably be here then, but we are putting in place some sort of overarching arrangement that is based on motherhood that says state boundaries are nasty things in terms of natural resource management. Of course they are, but this is not the way to achieve the outcome. The way to achieve the outcome is to stop, review your motivation, bring the people into the tent and get the thing organised. It was a failure from the start. Treasury, the Murray-Darling Basin Commission and the former member for New England, who is the chair of it, had no idea what the Prime Minister said. Surely, something as important as this major water course through four states would have compelled someone with legitimate motives to ask the commission—the people who have been overseeing these things and who know where the savings are—'What do you think we should do?' But we have had none of that. I think it is an appalling process, and we have seen variations of the same theme with hospitals, Aboriginal children and a whole range of other things in recent weeks. I do not think that is good policy. It might be funny politics and it might look good. The bill says 'water' and 'Murray-Darling', and that is important, but there is no stomach to this legislation at all in the way in which it will work other than there will be another layer of bureaucracy called the authority. There are a number of issues there that are terribly important.
The minister said that the basin plan will essentially establish new plans over time. He talked about establishing a cap that relates to surface water and groundwater. That was as recently as yesterday. I received a letter from the minister today about the interconnectivity of groundwater systems with surface water systems and the scientific knowledge of what is going on in the ground. Bear in mind that this legislation is going to bring them both together so that there is essentially a cap of water sources, irrespective of where they come from. I have looked, and I know the member for Gwydir has looked—and I congratulate him for doing so—and I ask the minister to look, at a major coalmine cutting through the artery of a whole range of interlinked groundwater systems on the Liverpool Plains. It is some of the best land in the world. The minister says, 'That is a state planning issue,' completely bypassing what is being talked about. If we are serious about the Murray-Darling system, why is the Commonwealth not looking at the first major coal development in that essential drainage system that has a major groundwater aquifer in it and the impact that could have? 'No, we will leave that to a state based planning process. We will just look around a half dozen backyards to see if it affects outside. We can buy the little backyards.' We can buy 20,000 or 50,000 acres and destroy it if we want, but what happens to the land 100 kilometres away? What happens at Walgett 200 kilometres away, if there are interrelationships? Surely a government that was very concerned about South Australia getting water would do something about that.
Has anybody in this place been to Lake Alexandrina? It is a major lake, 20 times the size of the seat of Wentworth, and it is a disgrace. What the barrages, as they call them, have done to the salinity around the lake is an absolute disgrace. The government is partly funding drainage schemes. It has been created by an artificial system. The dam's water is back 100 kilometres. The evaporation rate on Lake Alexandrina is half what the cotton industry in New South Wales uses. I agree with the member for Gwydir in his comments about people not understanding a lot of this issue. Of course, everybody goes straight to the cotton industry and blames it for everything. What about the end of the system where there is an artificial dam? No wonder there is no water going out the Murray mouth. We have massive barrages that dam the water back to Murray Bridge. I do not have a lot of sympathy for the South Australian arguments that are put up.
I would suggest that this bill should not go through the House. I think the issue is far more important. Leaving the bill open-ended may be good politically for Malcolm Turnbull and others in the cities. As the member for Gwydir mentioned, there are a lot of misconceptions within our cities. I think this bill is aimed at those people rather than at the better management of water within the Murray-Darling system. This bill should be let to sit until after the election and then a real process of consultation should be engaged in, where people within the various states can play a real role, not a plastic role. Why should Morris Iemma and Peter Beattie speak for the rest of the people within their states and walk up to the Prime Minister and say, 'We'll sign off on this'? They represent all the people within their states. The Prime Minister is dancing around at the moment, saying, 'Beattie has removed democracy from Queensland.' Why not put up a proposal with the concurrence of state premiers and water users et cetera and put it to a vote within the Murray-Darling system? Oh, no, they could not do that!
It is a major change that we are proposing—for good reasons; the motherhood stuff is good—but, surely, if the Prime Minister wanted to achieve a positive outcome, he would have had a consultative process rather than the rather obscene, hidden process from which various premiers, for all sorts of political motivations, want to remove themselves. It is quite obvious that Morris Iemma, who has had great difficulty—and Bob Carr before him—with the various overallocation issues in New South Wales, would want to get rid of this. He would see the Prime Minister as the greatest thing in 2,000 years; he has suddenly arrived with money and wants to take a problem away from him. The Premier is not particularly interested in what is happening in country New South Wales anyway, so whoopee! But that does not necessarily mean that the people within those catchments are happy with this. I think that, if it were spelt out to them, what you have here is a broadbrush piece of water legislation which has no stomach to it. That stomach, after this bill passes, will presumably be negotiated with the states through intergovernmental agreements. There is still no real security in the acquisitions issues. (Time expired)


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COOL YULE STARRING ROB BARTLETT AND TONY POWELL at Gotham Comedy Club
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Rob Bartlett started performing stand-up comedy in 1978 hoping it would lead to a career in acting. Nearly 30 years later, Rob has become one of the most versatile performers around. Tony Powell is a veteran stand-up comic and writer. His television credits include NBC's "Showtime at the Apollo", among others and he has worked as a warm-up for Bill Cosby and Nickelodeon's "Keenan and Kel".
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More on Utley's Knee and Madson's Elbow
By Matt Leon
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – It was an eventful weekend for one current and one former Phillie.
Second baseman Chase Utley spoke with the media on Sunday talking about his ongoing battle to get on the field because of issues with his knees.
Utley has not played in a game this spring training and as expected, he won't suit up for the remainder of the Grapefruit League season. He also will not be ready for Opening Day and there is no real timetable for when he will be ready to return to the line-up.
Madson's news was even worse, as it was revealed on Saturday that the new Reds closer has a torn elbow ligament and needs to undergo "Tommy John" surgery, so his 2012 season is over before it began.
KYW's Matt Leon spoke with baseball insider Seth Everett about both the Utley and Madson situations.
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