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Biomedical benefits of macroalgae study in Chile
June 12, 2013
nalia Murias reports in Chile's fis.com that researchers at the University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) are studying three species of macroalgae: Mazzaella laminarioides, Sarcothalia crispata and Ahnfeltia plicata – in the Region of Magallanes – to develop antibacterial patches and gastric juice resistant drugs.
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Below is the poem entitled On The Bed Of Crimson Roses which was written by poet Neha Godambe. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by Neha Godambe
Best Neha Godambe Poems
I smell the fragrance of love On the bed of crimson roses Memories of thee beguiles me And million emotions my heart encloses Those eternal love-filled hours Feel yet to be so few Oh Love! Rush down my core As this heart concocts the brew Silent I lay beside you, all cuddled up That drives me to the golden shore Seeing through my inward eye, I become Nostalgic to the days of yore


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Category | Quilting |
Type | Home Decor |
Style | Eco-Friendly, Whimsical |
What materials did you use? All upcycled cotton fabrics; a mixture of solids, prints, batiks, and vintage fabrics. Cotton/Bamboo batting
I would like the pattern, too. First grandchild due in september and she has a jungle room


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Whitley, Edgar A., Gal, Uri and Kjærgaard, Aneematte (2014) Who do you think you are? A review of the complex interplay between information systems, identification and identity. European Journal of Information Systems, 23 (1). pp. 17-35. ISSN 0960-085x
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
This paper introduces the special issue on information systems, identity and identification. In addition to introducing the papers in the special issue, it provides a state-of-the-art review of research into identity and identification to contextualise the contributions of the special issue papers. The paper reviews research themes in personal and organisational identity as well as research challenges in identification before considering the interplay between these two strands.
Item Type: | Article |
Official URL: | http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ejis/index.html |
Additional Information: | © 2014 Palgrave Macmillan |
Library of Congress subject classification: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA75 Electronic computers. Computer science Z Bibliography. Library Science. Information Resources > ZA Information resources > ZA4050 Electronic information resources |
Sets: | Departments > Management Research centres and groups > Information Systems and Innovation Group |
Funders: | LSE Staff Research Fund |
Date Deposited: | 09 Dec 2013 16:09 |
URL: | http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/54830/ |
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commercial property for rent or lease in Corrigan (TX), Industrial Space For Lease.
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A 3 piece band from Kilkenny, Rep. of Ireland. They are part of an increasing Irish musical invasion of the known world. They have an interesting and original sound, coupled with heaps of raw talent.
See more info at kerbdog.com
Kerbdog tour dates listed on Ents24.com since May 2005.
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It's Super Rugby time! Who is going to win this year's Super Rugby title? Have your say on our Forum!
Johannesburg - Anele Ngcongca's representatives are said to be working on a transfer for the K.R.C. Genk utility player. The 23-year-old South African international has attracted interest from the likes of Manchester City, MSV Duisburg, Trabzonspor and Istanbul giants Fenerbahce. According to FotoMac, a Turkish-based publication, Fener have baulked at Genk's exorbitant £3.4million asking price, which has raised doubts over a possible switch for Ngcongca. Nonetheless, Football365.co.za sources claim that ProSport International, who represent Ngcongca, are still trying to line up a move to Portugal or Turkey for the youngster. ProSport, whose brand is synonymous with FIFA-accredited agent Mike Makaab, have a number of European-based players on their books, including Fulham's Kagisho Dikgacoi, Maccabi Haifa's Tsepo Masilela, Apollon Limassol's Nasief Morris and FC Twente's Bernard Parker. Parker is himself on the verge of a move to Leicester City, with the English Championship side having agreed a deal in principle with his current employers.


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Registration start times:
The Gran Fondo (the Great Ride) raises money for local cancer patients: a gas card for the dad who can't afford to drive to treatment, a wig for the woman who's just lost her hair or a gift card for the neighbor who can't afford his medicine.
Participants choose from several fun events--walking, cycling, horseback riding or a color fun run. The event begins at the Walla Walla Community College Dietrich Dome and ends with a free celebratory lunch for all participants (served 11:30 a.m. - 2 p.m.).
More than 620 people came together for the 2014 event, raising over $32,000 for the Cancer Special Needs Fund.
For more photos from the event, check out the Providence St. Mary Foundation Facebook page.


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Filled with patterns for little warmers like hats, mittens, scarves and shawls, this collection uses only Cascade yarns though substituting whatever you have on hand should be easy as weights, yardage and gauges are included for each design. Several patterns such as the cute "Hammer Time Slouch Hat" are worked primarily from a chart so if you haven't gotten comfortable knitting from a chart, these small designs are a good place to start. The "Secret Stash Earband" also worked from a full color chart, features hidden pockets for tucking in little things like bus tickets or mad money. Syncopated brioche knitting is used in the "Brioche Du Jour" ribbed scarf to create a chunky, two color piece with masculine appeal. No chart reading required to work the intricate looking but easy "Slip-Switch Two-Color Neck Gaiter" and with a gauge of 13.5 stitches to 4 inches, would be a snap to complete in an afternoon.
This is an uneven collection as some patterns like the "Tilt-a-Whirl Lace and Garter Afghan" are quite interesting and just beg to be knit while others like the "Here Comes the Sun Triangle Shawl" are rather mundane repeats of designs found in nearly every shawl pattern book. As with most Interweave Press releases, the photography is first-rate and the cookbook style instructions are easy to follow. The majority of designs are simple enough for the beginning knitter to successfully complete making this a useful collection to start with. Available from http://www.interweavestore.com/cozy-knits
Note the date on this article may be incorrect due to importing it from our old system.


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O'Reilly's Tools of Change for Publishing (TOC) Conference is February 12-14, 2013 in New York City. As the publishing and tech industries converge, the conference is an opportunity for librarians to get the perspective of publishers and learn about new technology-based tools that might be applied in libraries. Early registration pricing ends Thursday, December 20.
O'Reilly offers abundant discount options, including 30 percent off for full-time librarians. If you don't qualify for this or another discount, you can still save 15 30 percent wth the discount code ALATechSource. Learn more about programs and pricing on the TOC 2013 website. Read More »
Library Technology Reports is at the cusp of its 49th year, but not at all feeling old. Here's the start of the 2013 lineup.
In January, Marshall Breeding opens the Volume 49 with Resource Sharing in Libraries: Concepts, Products, Technologies. Considering relevant technology trends as well as review major products that support interlibrary loan and resource sharing , the report explores emerging and evolving strategies to provide more resources to your patrons. Read More »
A week ago some 300 librarians gathered in Columbus, Ohio for the LITA National Forum, where the focus was on technology, despite the distraction of BeardCon. Read More »
The Fountaindale Public Library in suburban Chicago will start work this week on a dramatic new facility for patrons' digital media projects. Fountaindale is in a new building that opened in March 2011. The basement was left unfinished, leaving nearly 7,000 square feet open for new possibilities. Called Studio 300, the space will include: Read More »
LITA hosts its National Forum in Columbus, Ohio, October 4-7. The Forum attracts the technologists: the people scripting or programming, configuring the APIs, managing the networks. What will they be talking about? A scan of program titles gives a glimpse of emerging priorities in library technology. The theme is New World of Data: Discover, Connect, Remix. I will be attending and writing a couple posts for ALA TechSource. What programs would you like to see me cover? Read More »
Below is an excerpt from David Lee King's Library Technology Reports (vol. 48, no. 6) Running the Digital Branch: Guidelines for Operating the Library Website.
At Topeka Shawnee County Public Library, we track quite a few numbers and statistics each month, including social media numbers. Though we don't report out on them, they are useful for internal tracking and growth. Some social media tools provide useful analytics. YouTube and Facebook, for example, both provide a monthly analytics section. Other tools, like Twitter or Flickr, don't provide great ways to gather statistics. You can count statistics manually, or you can use a third-party tool. Here are a few options for metrics on Twitter activity. Read More »
The upcoming 2012 LITA National Forum, October 4-7, in Columbus, Ohio, is your opportunity to learn and network in a small, manageable conference setting. The programs cover technology with depth, specificity, and a project orientation. Conference planners emphasize the social too with the reception and network dinners. Plus they somehow swung wireless internet in the Hyatt Regency's guest rooms at no additional charge. Save money and register today. Early bird rates for registration expire this Friday, August 31. Housing deadline for conference rates is September 3. Read More »
Below is an excerpt from Lori Bowen Ayre's Library Technology Report RFID in Libraries: A Step toward Interoperability (Vol. 48; No. 5). Subscribers can access Library Technology Reports on Metapress. The Introduction, from which this excerpt is taken, is available for free download. Purchase single copies in the ALA store.
In March 2012, NISO adopted RFID in Libraries (RP-6-2012) establishing ISO 28560-2 as the US Data Profile (see NISO report). The final adoption of a US Data Profile is one big step toward interoperability between libraries and between vendors. Read More »
Jason Clark refers to his book Building Mobile Library Applications as "recipe-driven" with a goal of "empowering readers to build stuff ." Implementation is Jason's focus. He writes our Code Words column, which debuted in May with Using Google Spreadsheets Data API to build a Recommended Reading List.
In the this interview, Jason describes two specific projects.
2:47. A working version of jQuery Mobile, the generic template, suitable for public or academic libraries, is a framework for optimizing your library website for mobile. 3:49. Mobilizing your library catalog using OCLC web services, you will develop an app that will run a search against WorldCat to receive local items, either in your library or nearby. Read More »
2:47. A working version of jQuery Mobile, the generic template, suitable for public or academic libraries, is a framework for optimizing your library website for mobile.
3:49. Mobilizing your library catalog using OCLC web services, you will develop an app that will run a search against WorldCat to receive local items, either in your library or nearby. Read More »
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Complete the 20 second signup, confirm your email address, and watch "Naked Mothers and Daughters" playlist instantly! no credit card required!!
Hot mamas flashing their flesh is one thing, but when their equally hot daughters get in on the action, that's cause for celebration! Mr. Skin is here with a playlist featuring moms and daughters that have both bared their bods on the big screen. First up is Susan Sarandon going topless for a pervy photographer in Pretty Baby, and then daughter Eva Amurri letting her lobbers loose on Californication. Goldie Hawn flashes her fanny and some side boob in There's a Girl in My Soup, and then daughter Kate Hudson uncorks her casabas while dancing around a hotel room in Almost Famous. The mother/daughter fun continues with Blythe Danner laying bare her lithe love muffins, muff and money maker in Lovin' Molly, and then daughter Gwyneth Paltrow's perky pair bust out as well in Shakespeare in Love. The most famous shower scene of them all from Psycho features a bit of Janet Leigh's blurry nipples, but there's nothing blurry about daughter Jamie Lee Curtis' topless scene from Trading Places. There are lots more hot moms and daughters to be found here from Eva Green and her mom Marlene Jobert to Jaid and Drew Barrymore, Jane Birkin and daughter Charlotte Gainsbourg to Demi Moore and Rumer Willis. Definitely be sure to check them all out, but don't miss Cybil Shepherd's famous skinny dipping scene from The Last Picture Show and daughter Clementine Ford's juicy jugs having a sapphic session with Katherine Moennig on The L-Word. Mother may know best, but daughters know breast!
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If the game freezes, just click inside it (games can get unresponsive if you click elsewhere on the page).
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Here you will be in command of the Thanagar city and you will have to be prepared for the war. Build barracks for your soldiers, increase your economic and military power and you will be able to exterminate the enemy city.


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'Got to Dance' winners Prodijig combine fast-footed, highly technical Irish dance with the power and attitude of street dance in their show 'Footstorm'. It's a 'Riverdance' fit for the twenty-first century, led by choreographer Alan Kenefick and based around a dramatic love story set between two worlds.
Prodijig: Footstorm
Event phone: | 0844 412 4322 |
Event website: | http://www.sadlerswells.com |


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5.0 of 5 stars
April 2015 | FORMER EMPLOYEE
The people you work with in the pit as an analyst are brilliant and motivate you to do better. Great team spirit. Exit opportunities are great after the analyst gig and salaries and bonuses are also very good.
The long hours and late nights, personal relationships with friends and family can suffer. 80 to 100 hour weeks are common.
To succeed at Morgan Stanley you need to be a highly-motivated individual willing to work very hard. You need to be driven for excellence in each and every piece of work that you do. However, despite the long hours, the people you work with and the friendships you form will prove to be a rewarding experience.
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4.0 of 5 stars
February 2015 | FORMER EMPLOYEE
Excellent training program, accessible management, good company morale, intelligent people who are team oriented.
Some front-office teams particularly cliquey, lateral movement viewed negatively, HR not eager to perform its role.
Good place to begin a career and learn. Do not expect much consideration for lateral movement.
February 2015 | CURRENT EMPLOYEE
Pool system for new associates is best post-mba experience on wall street. Really smart co-works who you learn a lot from and do good work with. Compared to other banks best culture on the street.
Same as any bank in that hours can be long when working on a big deal
Recruit out of top schools (but don't exclusively recruit out of a few schools) and look for people with strong accomplishments and backgrounds. To be successful at MS you have to work very well with people and be analytical and hard working
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New York, NY | 2014 | VERIFIED EMPLOYEE
Smartest people on the street.
Too many good exit opportunities means high attrition.
Culture is great, but workload will be team dependent.
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4.8 of 5 stars
challenging, rewarding, prestigious
Morgan Stanley is, along with Goldman Sachs, the premier investment bank in the world. If you want to work in finance in any capacity, one of these two investment banks is by far the best place to begin your career. The training offered to new hires is unparalleled, and the opportunities for advancement, both inside and outside the firm, are extensive.
I found this review helpful (3)
Other | 2014 | VERIFIED EMPLOYEE
The people, culture, training opportunities, commitment to my overall career development and well-being.
Morgan Stanley is truly committed to your overall personal and career development. The working environment here is exceptional, and the people are what makes MS an amaizng place to work. The culture is team-oriented and everyone is always willing to help each other and listen to your opinion. I have had a wonderful experience with management as well. All of my managers have been understanding and promoted work-life balance and constantly challenge me to be better and excel in my role.
Exposure to high profile transactions, ability to take on subtstantial responsibility early in one's career, unique and inclusive culture
Location near Times Square
4.9 of 5 stars
Great People, Excellent Firm Culture, Strong Career Opportunities, Great Internal Mobility
Long Hours
Morgan Stanley has a destinctive culture on Wall Street and if that fits your values, you will find it to be an excellent place to work.
Big deals, smart people, great culture
Diversity, compensation, at times rests on laurels and does not innovate
Work hard
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Getting sober from Fioricet, Opium, alcohol or any other drug you or your loved one is addicted to takes an individualized treatment strategy. Two options of substance treatment facilities in Tacoma can help you succeed: either In-patient or Out-patient Rehabilitation. Residential therapy offers long term advantages with an extended stay in a high-quality rehabilitation clinic. Outpatient plans may be more suitable, but lack the support and resources of 3 month programs to get clean. Ultimately, the decision is yours, and we are here to help you choose the one that will be best for you.
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Guide to Tacoma Treatment Clinics As the third largest city in Washington, Tacoma is known as one of the most progressive communities in the Pacific Northwest. Like other rapidly growing areas, this community is working to meet the needs of residents who seek Tacoma drug rehab for substance abuse. With prescription drug abuse on the rise, many treatment programs now focus on helping their clients break the addiction to these habit-forming medications.
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Latest Holocene Stories
It's one of those classic "chicken and egg" conundrums. Most earth scientists agree that there is a connection between sudden increases in the number of icebergs, known as iceberg 'pulses', and cycles of abrupt climate change during the last glacial period. The occurrence of extremely cold conditions in the North Atlantic was linked to the dispersal of icebergs that have broken away from ice sheets. But experts couldn't agree on which came first, the bergs or the sudden climatic...
This, we are told, is the Anthropocene, the Age of Man. But just what does that mean and when did the current age begin?
A new study by an international team of scientists, including Dr Jan Zalasiewicz and Professor Mark Williams of the University of Leicester's Department of Geology, suggests that the fossil impact humans have made on the planet is vast and unprecedented in nature – and that there's been nothing remotely like it since the Earth formed, over four and half billion years ago.
Analysis of fossilized dung beetles has revealed that prehistoric temperate ecosystems were comprised not just of dense forest, but a mosaic of closed forest and wood-pasture vegetation.
A 7,000 year old man from the Mesolithic Period, named La Braña 1 and recovered at the La Braña-Arintero site in Valdelugueros, Spain, reportedly had blue eyes and dark skin.
A new study from Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory reveals that a northward shift of Earth's wind and rain belts could make a broad swath of regions drier.
The Chelyabinsk meteor that blazed a trail across the morning sky in Russia this past February left a shocking impact on not just the Ural Mountains region, but the entire world.
The public and policymakers alike were caught off guard when Hurricane Sandy hit the east coast of the US last fall. But the majority of the destruction came from the storm surge and flooding that followed the storm.
To raise awareness and inform the debate surrounding man's effect on the Earth, climate experts at the GWSP conference are embracing the term 'Anthropocene' as a label for the epoch that heralded human dominance of the planet with the retreat of the glaciers 11,500 years ago.
What will happen to the climate in various parts of the world as the effects of global warming become amplified? Researchers from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new way to predict what will occur as temperatures rise across the Earth.
- a study of the individuals in a group of people within a specific context and their relationships.
- In rhetoric, the description of any one's personal appearance.


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What other names is Glutathione known by?Gamma-Glutamylcysteinylglycine, Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine, Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cystéinylglycine, Glutathion, Glutatión, L-Gamma-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinyl-Glycine, L-Gamma-Glutamyl-L-Cystéinyl-Glycine, L-Glutathion, L-Glutathione, GSH, N-(N-L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl)glycine.
What is Glutathione?Glutathione is a substance produced naturally by the liver. It is also present in fruits, vegetables, and meats.Possibly Effective for...
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings). Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088. |
From WebMD
Cancer Resources
- Personalized Tips to Deal With Breast Cancer
- No Smoking: Help for the First Hard Days
- How TKIs Work For Cancer


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A polyurethane-based foam helps mitigate damage from brain aneurysms. Texas A&M researchers have shown how the shape memory foam could be used in an emergency to fill aneurysms and halt their effects. "Not only do we see a lower inflammatory response, the foams are promoting a more aggressive healing response within the aneurysm," said Duncan Maitland, associate professor in the university's department of biomedical engineering.
View Full Article in:
Houston Chronicle (tiered subscription model)Published in Brief:


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Casino Review
Casino Review
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The IFC Center, an entertainment space for New Yorkers seeking out the best in independent film, opened in June 2005 in the historic Waverly theater after a four-year renovation.


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Campoli - Type Trilo Superior 4 Pax 2 Bagni
From $849 / week
Hide Property Details
Description from the manager
- 2 bedrooms
- 2 bathrooms
- Sleeps 4
- House
Bedrooms: 2
Bathrooms: 2
Sleeps: 4
Type: House
Campoli - Type Trilo Superior 4 Pax 2 BagniDescription from the manager
A country road winds its way up the hill to Campoli. A magnificent avenue of cypresses welcomes you to the property, which is right in the heart of Chianti Classico, only a few kilometres south of Florence. It consists of three farmhouses, 56 ha of cultivated land and a Renaissance villa, the Villa Belvedere(also featured in our portfolio), which proudly crowns a nearby hill. The Campoli country estate is steeped in tradition and history. Farmhouses stood here as far back as 1054 and wine-making has been pursued since then. The views are outstanding: gently undulating hills, covered with vineyards and olive trees, rows of cypresses bordering the...Read more
About the manager
About the manager
Hidden Italy
Hidden Italy
Response rate 95%
Response time Within a day
Calendar updated 5 weeks ago
Overall rating4.7 / 5.0 based on 138 reviews and 254 properties


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Contact: George Cook Email: firstname.lastname@example.com of School/Organization: Montessori School of Champaign-UrbanaSchool Website: http://www.montessorischoolofcu.org/Age Group: Elementary
Description: Montessori School of Champaign-Urbana is seeking an Elementary Teacher to keep up with the expansion of our current program. Bachelor's Degree required; Montessori Elementary certification and Montessori teaching experience preferred. We are looking for a kind and nurturing teacher who will work with students from 6 to 12 years old. Applicants should should possess a warm and collaborative personality as our teachers are expected to communicate with parents on a regular basis. The applicant should be compassionate, enthusiastic, well-organized, and should work well in a team. For full consideration, please submit resume, three professional references, and a one-page essay regarding your interest in Montessori education to Personnel Committee at: firstname.lastname@example.com
School Address: 1403 Regency Drive East, Savoy, IL 61874
Contact: Nicole Siciliano Email: email@example.com Name of School/Organization: Haggard Nelson Childcare ResourcesAge Group: Infant-PreschoolDescription: Program Director
We are a nationally accredited Montessori early childhood program seeking a qualified candidate for a long term leadership position. Our community consists of experienced highly skilled teaching staff, a diverse parent population, and children from infants to preschool age.
Professional Qualifications:
You will be successful in this role if:
Hours-30-40 hours per week
Benefits: Medical, dental, generous vacation, sick and personal time, working with an awesome group of like-minded educators.
Compensation: $45,000-$50,000 annual salary
Interviews begin mid-March
Position begins-summer of 2015
Phone: (206) 543-3737School Address: 9705 Sand Point Way NE, Seatle, WA 98115
Contact: Sharon Dursi Martin Email: email@example.com of School/Organization: Ridgeline Montessori Public Charter SchoolSchool Website: www.ridgeline.orgAge Group: ElementaryDescription: Ridgeline Montessori Public Charter School, in beautiful Eugene, Oregon, seeks an experienced Montessori lead teacher for one of its three upper elementary classrooms. Ridgeline is a vibrant, well-established public charter program, which opened in the fall of 2000. During the 2015-2016 school year, we will be serving approximately 250 K-8 students in eight classrooms. Come join a collaborative group of educators who are dedicated to supporting the students, their families and each other. Salaries start at $31,705-$38,000 + benefits. The position starts in August 2015.
Visit www.ridgeline.org to learn more. To apply, send resume, letter, and three references to email@example.com.
School Address: 4500 W Amazon Pkwy, Eugene, OR 97405
Contact: Linda Baldwin Email: email@example.com of School/Organization: Sunnyside MontessoriSchool Website: http://sunnysidemontessori.comAge Group: preschool- 3-5Description: Seeking Full Time Classroom Assistant- 8:30-4:30 Start date: Sept. 2015
Knowledge of Montessori practices would be ideal, but is not a requirement. Experience with children is a must. The ideal candidate would be a team player, enjoy working with young children and have good communication skills.
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Please contact: Linda Baldwin
Phone: (206) 723-1257School Address: 3939 S. Americus St., Seattle, WA 98118
Contact: Laurie Dumas Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Name of School/Organization: Geiger Montessori School School Website: www.tacomaschools.org Age Group: Elementary Description: Tacoma Public Schools is looking for a principal to lead Geiger Montessori. This is a Pre-K through 5th grade school.
Apply online at www.tacomaschools.org/careers
Job Posting 2740
Requires a valid WA state teacher/ESA or sub teacher certificate AND a valid principal certificate.
Phone: 253-571-1244 School Address: 601 South 8th St, Tacoma WA 98405


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IMHO, I think it would be extremely helpful to some web developers to be able to specify a specific page to be loaded when a user is "logged in" via rememberMeServices, right out of the box. This is especially true for developers who set the always-use-default-target="true" in the <form-login> tag. If you want the <remember-me> tag to act in the same manor, the learning curve gets pretty steep.
It would also be useful if the user's session always needs to be re-iniated by the web application after an expired session. Having the target-url go to a page the tells the user their session has expired, they are being redirected to a "start page", and automatically logged-in is helpful.
Issue Links
- is duplicated by
SEC-1628 add authentication-success-handler to <remember-me> tag
- Closed


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Comment: Speaking as a Soldier... (Score 2) 308
Comment: Re:History backs this up... (Score 2) 120
Comment: History backs this up... (Score 2) 120
Comment: Re:Eyes Do More Than See (Score 1) 1365
Comment: Asimov? (Score 1) 78
Blizzard Previews Revamped Battle.net 188
NVIDIA Shows Off "Optimus" Switchable Graphics For Notebooks 102
Comment: Not sure but... (Score 1) 470
Comment: Re:cats also provide more (Score 1) 503
Furthermore, the cat in House did not lick specific areas of dying patients' bodies. It sat on/next them, and only because of the heated blanket. Whether the licking was because the area was saltier or because the cat knew, I don't know. But if you're going to crush someone's romantic ideals in a manner similar to the way House would, at least back it up with proof and an explanation like he does.
Universal Lands Rights To Asteroids Movie 194
Interview for Mytheon 32
Update — 4/30 at 17:30 by SS: The summary originally linked to an article stating that Petroglyph was working with Trion World Network on Mytheon. This is not the case; they are working together on a different game, which is the MMORTS previously referenced in the title.
Comment: Sure, IE is a pain in the butt, but... (Score 1) 409
I do end up using it for about
And space is no excuse. IE8 takes up marginally more space than IE6/7 and with the cheap cost-per-gigabyte there's no reason to worry about running out of room for all your pron!
Comment: Maybe I haven't been paying attention... (Score 4, Interesting) 554
Comment: Not so bad, no... (Score 1) 695
"this doesn't seem like such a bad limitation"
Maybe not, but it means I'm never, ever going to buy a netbook with Windows 7 on it. Or recommend anyone else do so either.


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This is the Digital Disaster Response System for Jefferson Regional Medical Center in Crystal City, Missouri. This site is for web-enabled communications during emergency events. During an actual incident the disaster action plan or important directives will appear on this page. Though this site is for emergency responders public informational links are available on the left of this page. Use of This System If you need assistance phone our toll free 24 hour hotline at 1-800-264-3932 or during working hours phone 205-752-5050. This page and other areas can be updated for communication purposes during or before an incident by the incident command staff of Jefferson Regional Medical Center. Support for these features is provide by FastCommand. |
Jefferson Regional Medical Center, Hwy 61 S, P.O. Box 350, Crystal City, Missouri 63019, (636) 933-1000 |
©2015 FastHealth Corporation Terms Privacy | US Patent Numbers 7,720,998 B2, 7,836,207 |


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Explore Rīga Town Hall Square Cathedral Square Swedish Gate and the Powder Tower Bastion Hill and the Guild Hall The Freedom Monument National Art Museum Rīga Art Nouveau Museum Rīga Motor Museum Museum of the Sun Occupation Museum Share The majority of Rīga's restaurants serve international cuisine, while a crop of self-service cafeterias offer filling and cheap meat-and-potatoes meals. Restaurant prices are on the whole higher that in Vilnius or Tallinn, but still significantly lower than in Western European capitals; on average, a three-course meal with drinks will be somewhere around 20 or 30Ls – more if you are ordering bottles of wine. Read More
Explore Latvia Rīga The rest of Latvia Inspiration Things not to miss Explore Latvia Features Where Next? Check out The rest of Latvia Book a hostel in Latvia Latest Discussion Essentials Essentials Fact file Getting there Getting around Accommodation Food and drink Culture and etiquette Sports and activities Travel Essentials


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Results for "i believe i can fly i believe i can touch the sky think about it every night and day oh great now some @$$hole glued some space box to my beak -- wonderful"
Listen: I don't get paid for posting these GoPro videos. I just post them because they're interesting. I am not endorsing GoPro. At least not until they send me a camera durable enough to survive the amateur sex tape I've been planning. You ever seen a p0rno with extreme st... / Continue →


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After several years' absence, Dirk Bogarde returns to the popular British "Doctor" film series in Doctor in Distress. Where once Bogarde's Dr. Simon Sparrow was naive and wide-eyed, he is a bit more urbane in this edition. He even manages to offer romantic advice to his old mentor/nemesis Sir Lancelot Sprat (James Robertson Justice). Sparrow's efforts to smooth the path...more
All Doctor in Distress cast + crew photos


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We created Pandora to put the Music Genome Project directly in your hands
It's a new kind of radio –
stations that play only music you like
The Weeknd
After Tesfaye signed with Universal Republic, the three Weeknd mixtapes were remastered and bundled with three new songs for Trilogy, issued in November 2012. The set debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 chart. The following April, Tesfaye won Juno Awards in the categories of Breakthrough Artist of the Year and R&B/Soul Recording of the Year. Trilogy was certified platinum by the RIAA the next month. Kiss Land, much darker in tone than its title implied, followed in September 2013 and debuted at number two. Out of its several singles, only "Live For," featuring Drake, touched the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop chart. Tesfaye had much more success with a series of non-album singles that followed. "Often," released in 2014, was a Top Ten R&B/Hip-Hop hit. He was featured on Ariana Grande's "Love Me Harder," which reached the Top Ten of the Hot 100 and went platinum in the U.S. "Earned It," featured in Fifty Shades of Grey, repeated the same feats. ~ Andy Kellman, Rovi
Selected Discography
Track List: Trilogy (Explicit)
Track List: Belong To The World (Single)
Track List: Earned It (From "Fifty Shades Of Grey") (Single)
Track List: Kiss Land (Single)
Track List: Live For (Single)
Track List: The Overdose (Explicit)
I WILL hear it.
Me PROMIS
Tonight.. Babe?


text:
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<<< Did you used to do this?
2012/12/21 11:44:20
Did you used to do this?
I did... every morning.
I did... every morning.
Top Opinion
Blade 2012/12/21 21:50:55Yes, I said the Pledge of Allegience every morning, and I am proud of Old Glory.
More polls by Robin
Sort By
- sglmom 2013/01/02 12:09:35
- addie 2012/12/26 06:40:07
- goatman112003 2012/12/23 02:14:54
- Peewee ~PWCM~ 2012/12/23 01:42:12
- joe keeney 2012/12/22 16:34:08
- timothy.hill.14 2012/12/22 04:46:45
- wildcat 2012/12/22 02:00:35
- Blade 2012/12/21 21:50:55
- life.of.insanity 2012/12/21 21:02:51
- MsDianna 2012/12/21 20:34:56
- Dagon 2012/12/21 18:57:23
- *SqU!R@L QuE3N* 2012/12/21 18:49:52
+2i live in it but i wouldnt die for it...lots of soldiers have died for this country they remember them for a while and then they forget about them...i dont want to be like them...i want to be remembered by what i am...i respect this country i really do and i respect all the soldiers and whoever fights for this country for our freedom
- Zepland 2012/12/21 17:41:25
- Elz 2012/12/21 17:11:53
- Christopher Kirchen 2012/12/21 17:02:32
- Denai 2012/12/21 16:57:30
- mrk5panzer 2012/12/21 16:02:15
- Golden Panther 2012/12/21 15:53:00Yes, I said the Pledge of Allegience every morning, and I am proud of Old Glory.+5Have to admit that was back in the day when most real Americans understood what our freedom and rights entailed and were willing to defend them against communists, Muslims, and racists....today these three evils are about to usurp the entire country, thanks to the 60 plus mentally challenged who voted for our despot president.
- sneekyfoot 2012/12/21 15:21:14I didn't do it, because I chose not to. I don't even know the words to the Pl...+1When I was in grade school my friends mom was arrested by the FBI because she was mistaken for a woman who was a nazi war criminal . She was deported and the charges were dropped 2 years later , but the US state department would not let her return to her family here. My friend went to germany every summer to see his mom and she finally became a Canadian citizen but that was after her husband divorced her . Her life was ruined and I saw this as a kid so when I was in school me and my friend would never pledge the allegiance to the flag , we didnt even stand up .We caught a lot of grief for our actions but we stood up against an insane system that would not correct a mistake it made .
- santa6642 2012/12/21 15:19:18
Yes, I said the Pledge of Allegience every morning, and I am proud of Old Glory.
See Votes by State
2015/04/27 09:02:25
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HeBrew Jewbelation TwelveShmaltz Brewing Company Brewed at Olde Saratoga Brewing (Mendocino Brewing Co.) Clifton Park, New York USA Contract brewed for Shmaltz Brewing Company.
12th anniversary ale made with 12 malts and 12 hops.
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Based on the aggregated intelligence of 180,000-plus investors participating in Motley Fool CAPS, the Fool's free investing community, entertainment giant Walt Disney (NYSE: DIS ) has earned a coveted five-star ranking.
With that in mind, let's take a closer look at Disney and see what CAPS investors are saying about the stock right now.
Disney facts
Headquarters (founded) |
Burbank, Calif. (1923) |
Market Cap |
$113.5 billion |
Industry |
Movies and entertainment |
Trailing-12-Month Revenue |
$42.8 billion |
Management |
Chairman/CEO Robert Iger CFO James Rasulo |
Return on Equity (average, past 3 years) |
13.6% |
Cash/Debt |
$3.2 billion / $17.5 billion |
Dividend Yield |
1.2% |
Competitors |
CBS News Corp. Time Warner |
Sources: S&P Capital IQ and Motley Fool CAPS.
On CAPS, 94% of the 5,770 members who have rated Disney believe the stock will outperform the S&P 500 going forward.
Earlier this week, one of those bulls, fellow Fool Jason Moser (TMFJMo), succinctly summed up the Disney bull case for our community:
No reason to not give this one the thumbs up. Iron Man 3 killing it and I expect Star Wars will be a successful venture as well. Best of all they make their money a lot of different ways and work the generational cycle like they invented it.
It's easy to forget that Walt Disney is more than just the House of Mouse. True, Disney amusement parks around the world hosted more than 121 million guests in 2011. But from its vast catalog of characters to its monster collection of media networks, much of Disney's allure for investors lies in its diversity, and The Motley Fool's premium research report lays out the case for investing in Disney today. This report includes the key items investors must watch as well as the opportunities and threats the company faces going forward. So don't miss out -- simply click here now to claim your copy today.


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From the early days of exploration, the territorial status of Antarctica has been a source of potential conflict. One group of states regards the continent as terra nullius: land belonging to no one, capable of appropriation by the normal methods of territorial acquisition—for example, discovery, exploration, effective occupation, or geographic continuity or contiguity. As of 1959, when the Antarctic Treaty was adopted, territorial claims had been made by seven of these states: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The claims of Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom on the Antarctic Peninsula overlap; in aggregate, the claims cover more than 80 percent of the continent. A second group of states, the potential claimants, agree that Antarctica is terra nullius, but do not recognize the specific territorial claims of the seven claimant states and reserve the right to make claims of their own. This group includes the United States and the former Soviet Union (now Russia). Members of a third group of states recognize no territorial claims and make no claims of their own. Finally, a fourth group of states has asserted that the continent is the common heritage of mankind—that is, territory owned in common, whose benefits should be shared among all nations of the world.
International governance in Antarctica originated during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), which was organized by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and ran from July 1957 to December 1958. The principal objective of the IGY was the comprehensive and coordinated accumulation of knowledge about the region. The 12 participating countries established more than 60 stations on or near the continent with more than 5,000 scientific and supporting personnel.
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OCR for page 32
Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic
Governance Structures
From the early days of exploration, the territorial status of Antarctica has been a source of potential conflict. One group of states regards the continent as terra nullius: land belonging to no one, capable of appropriation by the normal methods of territorial acquisition—for example, discovery, exploration, effective occupation, or geographic continuity or contiguity. As of 1959, when the Antarctic Treaty was adopted, territorial claims had been made by seven of these states: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom. The claims of Argentina, Chile, and the United Kingdom on the Antarctic Peninsula overlap; in aggregate, the claims cover more than 80 percent of the continent. A second group of states, the potential claimants, agree that Antarctica is terra nullius, but do not recognize the specific territorial claims of the seven claimant states and reserve the right to make claims of their own. This group includes the United States and the former Soviet Union (now Russia). Members of a third group of states recognize no territorial claims and make no claims of their own. Finally, a fourth group of states has asserted that the continent is the common heritage of mankind—that is, territory owned in common, whose benefits should be shared among all nations of the world.
International governance in Antarctica originated during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), which was organized by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and ran from July 1957 to December 1958. The principal objective of the IGY was the comprehensive and coordinated accumulation of knowledge about the region. The 12 participating countries established more than 60 stations on or near the continent with more than 5,000 scientific and supporting personnel.
OCR for page 32
Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic
The success of the IGY made apparent the need for a more permanent system of international governance to address the potential sources of conflict on the continent (primarily the disputed territorial claims and the possible use of Antarctica for military purposes) and so provide a stable and reasonable environment for the continuation of cooperative scientific activities. Discussion among the United States and the 11 other governments active during the IGY led to the convening of an international conference in Washington, DC, in late 1959. This conference produced the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed December 1, 1959, and took effect June 23, 1961, upon ratification by the 12 participating states. Since then, two additional treaties have been adopted: the 1972 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, which took effect in 1978, and the 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), which took effect in 1982. A third agreement, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources Activities (CRAMRA), was negotiated between 1982 and 1988, but has not taken effect. In 1991, the Parties to the Antarctic Treaty adopted a Protocol on Environmental Protection, which, when it takes effect, would supersede CRAMRA at least for 50 years. The Antarctic Treaty, together with the recommendations and measures adopted under it, and the Seals and Marine Living Resources Conventions, have collectively become known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). A comprehensive analysis of the ATS is contained in Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment (NRC, 1986b).
Basic Elements
The Antarctic Treaty established an innovative and flexible system of governance that has, on the whole, prevented conflict and promoted free and peaceful scientific cooperation for more than three decades. The Antarctic Treaty System rests on three basic principles.
First, Antarctica (defined as the area south of 60 degrees south geographic latitude) is to be a zone of peace. The Antarctic Treaty specifically provides that ''Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes only'' and prohibits all military activities, including the establishment of military bases, military maneuvers, and weapons testing (in particular, nuclear explosions) (Articles I, V).1 In this regard, the Antarctic Treaty was the first arms control treaty adopted since World War II. To verify compliance with these requirements,
Military personnel and equipment, however, may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose.
OCR for page 32
Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic
the Treaty gives each Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party (ATCP)2 the right both to designate observers, who shall have "complete access at any time to any or all areas of Antarctica," and to make aerial observations anywhere in the Treaty area (Article VII).
Second, the Treaty, while not restricting the types of peaceful activities that may be conducted in Antarctica, emphasizes the importance of scientific research. It specifically provides for freedom of scientific investigation (Article II) and requires, to the greatest extent feasible and practicable, free exchange of plans for scientific programs, personnel, and observations and research results (Article III).
Third, the Treaty does not attempt a final resolution of territorial claims, but puts the issue on hold. It allows activities to take place in Antarctica without prejudicing the legal positions of any of the Parties. Article IV in essence preserves the status quo by providing that: (a) nothing in the Treaty itself shall be interpreted as affecting the legal position of any Party, (b) no activity by a Party shall constitute a basis for "asserting, supporting or denying a claim ... or create any rights of sovereignty in Antarctica," and (c) no new claim or enlargement of an existing claim may be asserted while the Treaty is in force. To minimize the risk of conflict, observers and scientific personnel are subject only to the jurisdiction of their state of nationality (Article VIII(1)).
The governance mechanisms in the Antarctic Treaty are highly decentralized. The Treaty does not establish a separate organization with international personality, or even any permanent secretariat (although it seems likely that a secretariat will be established in the near future). It requires consensus decisionmaking (that is, unanimous approval), rather than the two-thirds or three-quarters majority voting rule found in many other international, especially environmental, agreements. It does not provide for multilateral inspections. Finally, while the Treaty requires Parties to seek to resolve disputes by peaceful means, it does not require compulsory, third-party dispute settlement.
Instead of establishing a centralized institutional structure, the Antarctic Treaty provides for governance through periodic consultative meetings of the Parties and other, informal arrangements. This functional, pragmatic orientation has proved remarkably effective in practice.
Participation. The Treaty establishes essentially a two-tiered system of participation. The original 12 Parties, together with other Parties qualified
Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties comprise the original 12 parties plus Parties that demonstrate their "interest in Antarctica by conducting substantial research activities there," such as establishment of a scientific station or dispatch of a scientific expedition.
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as ATCPs, are entitled to participate at meetings with full voting rights. Since the Treaty came into force, the number of ATCPs has more than doubled, from 12 to 26.3 An additional 15 nations that do not meet the activities requirement have acceded to the Treaty and may take part in meetings, but do not have the right to vote.4 These states are often referred to as non-consultative parties or simply contracting parties.
Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings. Meetings of the ATCPs are called Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCMs). The Treaty does not specify the frequency of ATCMs. Since it came into force in 1961, 17 ATCMs have been held, approximately one every two years. Beginning in 1994, ATCMs will be held yearly. In addition to the ATCMs themselves, numerous preparatory, expert, and special consultative meetings have been held. Collectively these meetings have been called a semi-permanent conference of the parties.5
Decisionmaking. The Treaty provides that the Parties may adopt additional measures "in furtherance of the principles and objectives of the Treaty" (Article IX(1)). Despite the consensus rule, more than 200 such measures have been adopted, on subjects ranging from environmental protection to tourism to the preservation of historic sites and monuments. Recommendations adopted by ATCMs become effective when accepted by all Parties with consultative status at the time the recommendation was adopted.
Inspections. As indicated above, an ATCP may monitor another Party's compliance with the Treaty by means of national inspections. To date, there is no precedent for joint or collective international inspections.
Secretariat. Secretariat functions for ATCMs are provided by the host country. Although the Treaty does not establish an international organization, the adoption of the Environmental Protocol has stimulated plans to establish a secretariat, most likely within the next several years.
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay.
Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Switzerland, and Ukraine.
Gillian D. Triggs, The Antarctic Treaty Regime: Law, Environment and Resources, p. 55 (1987).
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Dispute settlement. Disputes may be referred by mutual consent to the International Court of Justice, but this has never occurred.
Environmental Protection
The Antarctic Treaty prohibits nuclear explosions and disposal of radioactive wastes in Antarctica, but contains no other specific obligations to protect the antarctic environment. This reflects the fact that in 1959, when the Treaty was adopted, environmental protection was not a major focus. Nevertheless, the Treaty has provided a vehicle for the development of an extensive body of environmental regulation, by authorizing the Consultative Parties to adopt measures on "preservation and conservation of living resources in Antarctica" (Article IX). Under this authority, the ATCPs have adopted more than 100 environmental ATCM Recommendations:
The Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (adopted in 1964, entered into force in 1978). The measures prohibit the killing, wounding, capturing, or molesting of native mammals or birds, except under a permit; require Parties to take appropriate measures to minimize harmful interference with the normal living conditions of native mammals or birds; establish a system of Specially Protected Areas (SPAs); prohibit the introduction of nonnative species; and designate a number of specially protected species. In 1975, the ATCPs adopted additional recommendations providing for the designation of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) (ATCM Recommendations VIII-3, VIII-4).
The Code of Conduct for Antarctic Expeditions and Station Activities (ATCM Recommendation VIII-11, 1975). The code includes recommended waste disposal procedures, which were thoroughly revised and strengthened in 1989 (ATCM Recommendation XV-3).
Environmental impact assessment guidelines (ATCM Recommendation XIV-2, 1987). The guidelines recommend preparation of a comprehensive environmental evaluation for activities likely to have more than a minor or transitory effect on the antarctic environment.
In addition to these recommendations are the conventions on seals and on marine living resources. CCAMLR is particularly significant in using an ecosystem approach, applicable to the entire area south of the Antarctic Convergence (which includes areas north of 60 degrees south latitude, outside the original Antarctic Treaty area); establishing the first permanent body under the Antarctic Treaty System, a secretariat headquartered in Hobart, Tasmania; and establishing a commission and a scientific committee.
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Implementation by the United States
The Antarctic Treaty is implemented by the United States through an interagency process. Presidential Memorandum 6646, dated February 5, 1982, makes the National Science Foundation (NSF) responsible for overall Management of the U.S. Antarctic Program including logistic support so that the program can be managed as a single package.6 The Department of State represents the United States at ATCMs and other international negotiations concerning Antarctica. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) manages the United States' participation in CCAMLR.
The Antarctic Conservation Act7 is the principal environmental statute governing U.S. activities in the Antarctic. It gives NSF a broad mandate to control essentially all forms of pollution by U.S. citizens in Antarctica and implements the 1964 Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora. In addition, the Antarctic Protection Act of 19908 imposes a moratorium on U.S. mineral resource activities in Antarctica. Marine pollution in Antarctica is regulated under the Ocean Dumping Act9 (administered by the Environmental Protection Agency) and the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships10 (administered by the Coast Guard).
The Antarctic Treaty did not attempt to address questions relating to the development of mineral resources, in part because commercial exploitation still seemed remote in 1959 and in part because of its highly controversial nature. The oil price shocks of the 1970s and the stirrings of commercial interest in prospecting in Antarctica led to discussions about developing a minerals regime. Between 1982 and 1998, the states negotiated the Conven
Previous policy reviews, as set forth in National Security Decision Memorandums 71 and 318 in the 1970s, also affirmed NSF's role as the lead agency for management of antarctic programs.
33 U.S.C. § 1901 et seq.
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tion on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources Activities, which was opened for signature on June 2, 1988, but is not in force.
The Protocol on Environmental Protection was developed in reaction to CRAMRA. Although CRAMRA contained stringent environmental safeguards, many environmentalists argued that, as a matter of principle, Antarctica should be left in its pristine state rather than be opened to mineral exploitation. In May and June 1989, two ATCPs—Australia and France—announced their opposition to the convention and proposed instead that Antarctica be designated a world park or wilderness reserve. This proposal gained support from other ATCPs and, in October 1989, the 16th ATCM decided to convene a special consultative meeting to consider the development of "a comprehensive system for the protection of the Antarctic environment." Initially some states proposed that comprehensive measures could be adopted through the Antarctic Treaty consultative process, while others supported the development of a freestanding environmental convention. Ultimately the ATCPs decided to negotiate a protocol to the Antarctic Treaty. The negotiations began at the special consultative meeting in Viña del Mar, Chile, in November and December 1990, and concluded with the adoption of the Protocol in Madrid on October 4, 1991. The Protocol requires ratification by all 26 of the current ATCPs to take effect. On February 14, 1992, the President sent the Protocol to the Senate which gave its consent on October 7, 1992. Because the Protocol is not self-executing, it will require implementing legislation to be given domestic legal effect by the United States.
The Protocol on Environmental Protection extends and improves the Antarctic Treaty's effectiveness in ensuring the protection of the antarctic environment. It designates Antarctica "a natural reserve, devoted to peace and science." It sets forth a comprehensive regime, applicable to all human activities on the continent, including tourism. When it takes effect, the Protocol will replace the collection of measures adopted under the Antarctic Treaty consultative process.
As a protocol to the Treaty, rather than a freestanding agreement, the Protocol is governed by the general provisions of the Antarctic Treaty (Environmental Protocol Article 4). It applies to activities by Parties and their nationals; moreover, under Article X of the Treaty, Parties have an obligation "to exert appropriate efforts, consistent with the charter of the United Nations, to the end that no one engages in any activity in Antarctica contrary to the principles and purposes of the ... Treaty." In contrast to CCAMLR, which applies to the area south of the Antarctic Convergence, the Protocol applies only to the Antarctic Treaty Area—that is, the area south of 60 degrees south
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latitude (Article 1(b)). Protocol parties will make decisions at ATCMs under the procedures in Article IX of the Treaty (Article 10), rather than through a new commission. Inspections are to use the observer system provided for in Article VII of the Treaty (Article 14).
General Governance Arrangements
The Protocol is perhaps more important for the general governance system it establishes than for the specific measures in its Annexes, which largely track existing recommendations adopted through the Antarctic Treaty consultative process. The main elements of the Protocol's governance system include:
Environmental principles governing all activities in Antarctica (Article 3). These principles require that all activities be planned and conducted so as to limit adverse impacts on the antarctic environment and that activities be monitored regularly. Article 3 also provides that activities be planned and conducted "so as to accord priority to scientific research and to preserve the value of Antarctica as an area for the conduct of research."
Cooperation in the planning and conduct of activities and sharing of information (Article 6).
A prohibition on all mineral resource activities except scientific research (Article 7). This prohibition may not be amended, except by unanimous agreement, for at least 50 years after the Protocol takes effect. Thereafter, an amendment to lift the prohibition would require adoption by a majority of the Parties to the Protocol (including three quarters of the current ATCPs), ratification by three quarters of the ATCPs (including all of the current ATCPs), and an existing legal regime covering antarctic mineral activities (Article 25). To protect the position of the United States, which wished to keep open the possibility of minerals activities, the Protocol provides that, if an amendment is adopted but does take effect within three years thereafter, a Party may withdraw from the Protocol.
Environmental impact assessment procedures applicable to all activities for which advance notice is required under the Antarctic Treaty (Article 8).
Establishment of a Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP), composed of representatives of the Parties to the Protocol, to provide advice and formulate recommendations to the ATCMs in connection with implementation of the Protocol (in particular, on the effectiveness of measures taken under the Protocol and the need to update, strengthen, or otherwise improve such measures or take additional measures) (Articles 11 and 12). The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the Scientific Committee for CCAMLR may participate as observers, along with other relevant scien-
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tific, environmental, and technical organizations invited to participate. The CEP will meet in conjunction with and report to the ATCM.
Inspections by observers in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty (Article 14).
Annual reports by the Parties on steps taken to implement the Protocol, including measures to ensure compliance (Article 17).
Compulsory and binding settlement of disputes over the interpretation or application of, and compliance with, the Protocol. Disputes will be settled by an Arbitral Tribunal unless both sides have accepted the competence of the International Court of Justice (Articles 18–20).11
Although the Protocol itself provides for amendments through the unanimous decisionmaking procedure set forth in Article IX of the Treaty, each of the five annexes to the Protocol provides that ATCPs are deemed to have accepted an amendment unless they notify the depositary (the United States) within one year.
A regime for assessing liability for damage arising from activities in the Antarctic Treaty area could not be adopted at the same time as the Protocol; instead, rules and procedures for assessing liability will be elaborated in a future annex (Article 16). The 17th ATCM decided to convene an expert legal group to conduct the negotiations.
Specific Environmental Rules
In addition to the general provisions of the Protocol, a system of annexes, which are an integral part of the Protocol, set forth more specific and detailed measures and rules. Four annexes were adopted concurrently with the Protocol and a fifth shortly thereafter. They cover environmental impact assessment, conservation of antarctic fauna and flora, waste disposal and management, prevention of marine pollution, and protected areas. These annexes are intended to consolidate, systematize, clarify, and fill gaps in the assorted environmental measures adopted under Article IX of the Antarctic Treaty, rather than to break new ground. Additional annexes may be adopted after the Protocol takes effect.
Environmental Impact Assessment. Annex I sets forth rules designed to give effect to the Protocol's obligation to assess the environmental impacts of
The compulsory settlement procedures apply to disputes over the minerals activity prohibition, environmental impact assessments, emergency response measures, and most of the provisions of the Annexes.
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proposed activities in Antarctica. Activities are divided into one of three categories. Activities determined to have less than a minor or transitory impact may proceed without an environmental evaluation. Activities with a minor or transitory impact must have an Initial Environmental Evaluation (IEE). Activities with more than a minor or transitory impact require a Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE). The Annex does not include standards or procedures for determining categories for specific activities. Instead, it simply requires Parties to develop "appropriate national procedures" to evaluate the environmental impact of proposed activities on the continent.
In contrast to the environmental assessment procedures adopted in ATCM Recommendation XIV-2, Annex I of the Protocol:
Applies to all activities in Antarctica, both governmental and nongovernmental, that require advance notification under Article VII(5) of the Antarctic Treaty (including tourist expeditions). ATCM Recommendation XIV-2 applied only to scientific research programs and their associated logistic support facilities.
Provides for a waiting period to allow collective consideration of CEEs by the Committee for Environmental Protection and the ATCP. ATCPs, however, apparently cannot veto a national decision to proceed with an activity.
Requires that CEEs be made publicly available, thereby allowing comment by interested nongovernmental organizations.
Antarctic Fauna and Flora. Annex II strengthens and updates the system of protection of native fauna and flora developed under the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora. The Annex prohibits the taking of species without a permit, which may be issued only for specific and limited reasons (e.g., to obtain specimens for scientific study or for museums). Taking includes killing, injuring, capturing, handling, or molesting a native animal or bird. The Annex also prohibits, except under a permit, harmful interference with native species, such as those in Figure 3.1, and the introduction of nonnative species. The Annex builds on the Agreed Measures by providing protection for plants as well as mammals and birds. Prohibited takings include removing or damaging native plants in amounts that would significantly affect their local distribution or abundance. Moreover, any activity that results in significant adverse modification of plant habitats constitutes harmful interference. The Annex also goes beyond the agreed measures by (a) prohibiting harmful interference, rather than simply requiring "appropriate measures to minimize" such interference, and (b) requiring the removal of dogs by April 1, 1994.
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FIGURE 3.1 Emperor penguins in the foreground with adelie penguins in the background, on sea ice that has frozen in front of the Ross ice shelf. (Courtesy of D. Siniff, University of Minnesota).
Waste Disposal. Annex III sets forth requirements relating to generation and disposal of wastes in the Antarctic Treaty area and is applicable to all activities for which advance notice is required under the Antarctic Treaty. The Annex is similar in design and content to the waste disposal procedures of ATCM Recommendation XV-3, which were adopted in 1989 but are not yet in force. In general, the Annex obligates Parties to reduce the disposal of wastes "as far as practicable to minimize the impact on the Antarctic environment" and to remove wastes from Antarctica if possible. Like ATCM Recommendation XV-3, Annex III classifies wastes into several categories:
Wastes that must be removed from the Antarctic Treaty area (including radioactive materials, batteries, liquid and solid fuels, and wastes containing harmful levels of heavy metals or acutely toxic or harmful persistent compounds).
Wastes that may be incinerated (other combustible wastes).
Wastes that may be disposed of in the sea (i.e., sewage and domestic liquid wastes).
It requires removal of some wastes that could be incinerated under ATCM Recommendation XV-3, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and most other
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plastic wastes, and requires elimination of open burning of wastes no later than the 1998–99 season. In virtually all other respects, Annex III tracks ATCM Recommendation XV-3. Other requirements of the Annex include:
Identification and cleanup by the responsible parties of past and present waste disposal sites on land and most abandoned work sites.
Development of a waste management plan, to be updated annually and circulated to other Parties.
Marine Pollution. Annex IV obligates each Party to apply strict controls on ships entitled to fly its flag and to any other ship (with the exception noted below) engaged in or supporting its antarctic operations while operating in the Antarctic Treaty area. The Annex obligates Parties to adopt measures prohibiting discharge of certain materials from such ships. These materials include oil and oil mixtures; any noxious liquid substance, or any other chemical or other substance, in quantities or concentrations that are harmful to the marine environment; all plastics; and all garbage. Sewage may not be disposed of within 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) of land or ice shelves, but may be disposed of from moving vessels. Food wastes may be disposed of at least 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from land or the nearest ice shelf, after being passed through a comminuter or grinder. These provisions largely track those in the amended International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78), and incorporate some of MARPOL's provisions by reference.
Annex IV does not apply, as legal matter, to vessels owned or operated by a state and used only on governmental, noncommercial service, although each party must take appropriate measures to ensure that such ships act consistently with the Annex, insofar as is reasonable and practicable. The Council of Managers of Antarctic Programs (COMNAP) has voluntarily adopted guidelines on oil spill prevention and cleanup, and all national operators have agreed to develop oil spill contingency plans for all stations and ships in 1993.
Specially Protected Areas. Annex V was negotiated after Annexes I-IV. It was adopted on October 17,1991, by ATCM Recommendation XVI-10 of the 16th ATCM. It is designed to simplify, improve, and extend the system of protected areas that has evolved within the Antarctic Treaty System under the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora. It provides for designation by ATCMs of two types of areas:
Antarctic Specially Protected Areas: areas with outstanding environmental, scientific, historic, aesthetic, or wilderness values. Areas designated SPAs or Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) by past ATCMs will automatically become Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) under the Protocol.
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Antarctic Specially Managed Areas: any area where activities are or may be conducted may be designated an Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA), to assist in planning and coordinating activities, avoiding possible conflicts, improving cooperation, or minimizing environmental impacts.
Management plans are required for both ASPAs and ASMAs, and are to be adopted by a decision of the ATCM. A permit is required to enter ASPAs, but not ASMAs.
How the Protocol Links Science and Stewardship
The concept of stewardship is embodied in Article 3 of the Protocol, with the five Annexes providing detailed rules for some aspects of environmental protection. The different approaches in the implementing legislation under consideration are to consider: (1) the general principles in Article 3 and the Annexes binding and enforceable, or (2) the Annexes binding and enforceable and the general principles in Article 3 as guidance. This raises the question: how complete are the Annexes in providing for stewardship? The Annexes address certain specific aspects of stewardship of Antarctica—environmental impact assessment, protection of flora and fauna, regulation of waste on land and at sea, and ways to limit visitation to certain areas—but they do not purport to be comprehensive. As in many other international agreements, the use of annexes allows problems to be addressed incrementally. If in the future, additional rules are deemed appropriate for other types of activities in Antarctica, the Protocol provides for the adoption of additional annexes. In contrast, Article 3 sets forth general principles of stewardship that apply comprehensively. The Protocol embodies the stewardship concept sufficiently, but the Annexes by themselves do not.
The conclusion of the Protocol and proposed enactment by the United States of implementing legislation pose both an opportunity and challenge for the U.S. scientific program in Antarctica. By further protecting the antarctic environment, the Protocol will help preserve the unique opportunities the continent offers for scientific research of global significance. But it may also impose additional demands on scientists that affect the conduct of research in Antarctica.
The Protocol juxtaposes two sometimes complementary, sometimes competitive principles: environmental protection and scientific research. On the
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one hand, it gives ''priority to scientific research'' (Article 3(3)). On the other hand, it requires that research be planned and conducted so as to "limit adverse impacts on the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems" (Article 3(2)); further, it calls for the modification, suspension or cancellation of any activity that is found to threaten or result in impacts inconsistent with its environmental principles (Article 3(4)(b)). In implementing the Protocol, the challenge will be to conduct research programs of the highest quality possible, while minimizing adverse impacts on the antarctic environment.
Specific issues raised by the implementation of the Protocol and related to science include the following:
Administrative burdens. The Protocol will be implemented in part through environmental review and permitting requirements. Unless these requirements are designed in a user-friendly manner, they could significantly delay and increase the costs of scientific research.
The nature of environmental impacts. At the extreme, any human presence or activity corrupts the antarctic environment and disturbs the region's status as a natural reserve. The Protocol attempts to avoid this extreme by generally focusing on significant adverse effects (Article 3(2)(b)). But since it provides no objective measures of significance, such a determination will often be in the eye of the beholder. A specific example is that many scientific activities in the Antarctic, including some that are critical to Protocol objectives, require the use, deployment, and nonretrieval of materials that are not indigenous to the continent (see Box 1.2). Significance must be judged in a common sense, pragmatic way to ensure an appropriate balance among environmental and research needs and the associated benefits.
Limited information. The Protocol calls for the planning and conduct of activities in the Antarctic Treaty area "on the basis of information sufficient to allow prior assessment of, and informed judgments about their possible impacts" that "take full account of the scope and ... cumulative impacts of the activity" (Article 3(2)(c)(i)–(ii)). In many cases, however, information relating to a particular planned activity is limited or indirect. Strict or rigid definition of sufficient information could lead to the imposition of prolonged information-gathering studies that prevent more valuable scientific activity and indeed have greater cumulative environmental impacts. The challenge will be to ensure that the sufficient information requirement is applied pragmatically, weighing the value against the potential environmental harm of proposed activities, and not used to block activities or impose unwarranted data gathering programs.
Preemption of other research. Implementation of the Protocol will add to the cost of antarctic research because of the need to monitor activities in scientifically rigorous ways. Care will have to be taken to ensure that, insofar
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as feasible, peer-reviewed research that is not directly applicable to implementation of the Protocol does not become excluded from the Antarctic. Research in several scientific disciplines is uniquely facilitated in Antarctica. The results can contribute to major advances, both in theoretical understanding and knowledge in the disciplines themselves and in more practical realms, such as the monitoring of space weather. Rigid application of Protocol-specific priorities could stifle basic research and its applications in several areas. A major challenge in implementing the Protocol will be to ensure the continuance of research in both existing and new areas whose relevance to Protocol concerns is not readily apparent at the time.
Environmental monitoring. Implementation of the Protocol will require, in particular, monitoring of environmental parameters. A major challenge will be to ensure that planning and execution of these monitoring activities are subjected to rigorous scientific peer review to ensure that they are indeed contributing to Protocol-related issues. The methods and instrumentation used should be state-of-the-art, and the activities should be designed to produce results that constitute a credible contribution to the scientific data base.
Consideration of scientific views. In setting U.S. policy, active scientists should be involved in both national and international groups, such as the Interagency Antarctic Policy Group and the Committee for Environmental Protection, as well as in advisory groups to these bodies, such as the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Those participating should have broad experience and be able to draw on their respective scientific communities at large.


text:
: [Gen V]
Rate my UU team please!
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February 27th, 2013 (05:32 PM).
Gold Tier
Join Date: Aug 2010
Location: Canada
Age: 21
Gender: Male
Nature: Hasty
Posts: 11,936
Quote originally posted by
Dark Leader Adam
Okay so I made 2 changes to the team which I saw caused major problems! and those were Volbeat/Kingdra!
Here are there replacements:
Sharpedo @ Life Orb.
Ability: Speed Boost.
EVs: 252 Atk/ 252 Spe/ 4 Sp.Def
Jolly Nature.
- Protect.
- Earthquake.
- Waterfall.
- Crunch.
Sableye @ Leftovers.
Ability: Prankster.
EVs: 252 HP/ 252 Sp.Def/ 4 Def.
Calm Nature.
- Night Shade.
- Confuse Ray.
- Will-O-Wisp.
- Taunt.
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There's little reason for Sharpedo to use Jolly, since its Speed problems are already fixed with Speed Boost; change the nature to Adamant instead.
Sableye really needs Recover to function so that it can keep annoying/crippling opponents. Drop Confuse Ray for it. The EV spread should also be 252 HP/120 Def/136 SDef to help with physical attacks as well.
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text: Maybe I'm a heretic, but I think a sustainable society/economy/environment can be nicer than the one we've got now. (And I even thought that 2+ weeks ago!) So when I use the word "gospel", I'm not being sardonic. Which is a good thing, because sardonicism doesn't win you a lot of converts, and winning converts is a big part of my job.