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Qi Restaurant
1 Jin Cheng Fang Street East, Financial Street, Beijing, China 100032Map
The Ritz-Carlton Hotel
+86 10 6601 6666
email: email@example.com
Neighborhood: Tiananmen Square
Enjoy Cantonese and Chinese cuisines at the "Qi Restaurant", located in the upscale Ritz-Carlton Beijing Financial Street. Mouth watering appetizers like 'Marinated Chicken' with Soya Sauce and 'Barbecued Pork' with Honey Sauce, are your ticket to a royal gourmet journey. From Braised King Prawn with Wine Sauce to Fried Rice with Seafood and Egg Whites, you name it, they have it. Vegetarians need not be disappointed, the menu also has delectable vegetarian dishes like Steamed Bean Curd with Green Tea in Clear Soup. Raise a toast to life as you down a glass of the finest wine.
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- Open Hours: Monday to Sunday from 11:30 AM to 02:30 PM, Monday to Sunday from 05:30 PM to 10:30 PM
- Type: Wine Bars
- Accept Credit Card: visa, mastercard, amex, diners, jcb
Super 8 Beijing Bei QiJia
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2.0 mi
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Guang Ji Temple
0.9 mi
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1.0 mi
Nan Tang Catholic Church
1.2 mi
Capital Museum
1.2 mi
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Qi Restaurant
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IncGamers Podcast #128
21 Aug 2013It's GamesCom week, which means news aplenty for the IncGamers podcast team to attempt to engage with and then rapidly digress from. Not today's news though. We recorded this on Tuesday, so if anything super-exciting happened today then you'll just have to imagine what we would've said about it.
But if you need our reactions to things like The Sims 4, Titanfall and Patrick Stewart's star turn in FIFA 14 then this is the podcast for you. We also do our best to act surprised about the SHOCK NEWS of The Division coming to the PC, and hope against hope that whatever XCOM: Enemy Within is, it has nothing to do with iOS systems.
Outside of the GamesCom-sphere, we chat about the proposed death of Games for Windows Live and wonder whether Arkane should just rename Prey 2 to something else.
This week in games, Tim's been the superhero people need (if not the one they want) in Saints Row IV, and Peter's been killing Nazis in Deadfall Adventures.
SPECIAL BONUS FEATURE: Paul's London theatre reviews segment, featuring Simon Day, Felicity Kendal and Queen.
Stream it all or download it, below. You can find more delightful audio in our archives, and even a few at iTunes.
Podcast: Download
Related to this story- IncGamers PC Gaming Podcast #210 22/4/15
- IncGamers PC Gaming Podcast #209 16/4/15
- IncGamers PC Gaming Podcast #208 08/4/15
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Book your room at Mercure Sao Paulo Funchal
Standard Apartment, 1 Double Bed
Max Occupancy: 2 guestsStandard Apartment, 2 Single Beds
Max Occupancy: 2 guestsFamily-friendly Sao Paulo hotel in Vila Olimpia with restaurant
This family-friendly Sao Paulo hotel is located near the airport, within a 10-minute walk of Via Funchal Music Theater, Shopping Vila Olimpia, and City Hall. Pinheiros Sport Club and Jockey Club are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
This hotel features a restaurant, an outdoor pool, and a fitness center. WiFi in public areas is free. Other amenities include a sauna, a rooftop terrace, and self parking.
Room Amenities
All 80 rooms provide kitchens with microwaves, plus free WiFi and LCD TVs with cable channels. Minibars, room service, and hair dryers are among the other amenities available to guests.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an outdoor pool, Mercure Sao Paulo Funchal provides a sauna and a fitness center. The hotel offers a restaurant. This 3.5-star property offers access to a business center and a meeting room.
Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This family-friendly hotel also offers a rooftop terrace, multilingual staff, and concierge services. Onsite parking is available (surcharge).
Mercure Sao Paulo Funchal has designated areas for smoking.
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 80
- Number of floors - 18
- Elevator/lift
- Concierge services
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Fitness facilities
- Designated smoking areas
- One meeting room
- Rooftop terrace
- Multilingual staff
- Luggage storage
- Restaurant
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Sauna
- Outdoor pool
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Kitchen
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Climate control
- Microwave
- Minibar
- Kitchen
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Bathtub or shower
- Cable TV service
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Cribs/infant beds available
- In-room computer
- Free WiFi
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Room service (limited hours)
Where to Eat
Buffet breakfasts are available for a surcharge between 6:30 AM and 10 AM.
Piu by In Citta - This restaurant specializes in Italian cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool, a sauna, and a fitness center.
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at noon
Check-out time is noon
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Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Fee for buffet breakfast: BRL 20 per person (approximately)
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: BRL 25 per 24-hour period (rates may vary)
- Self parking fee: BRL 10 per day
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Parents traveling with a child under 18 must present the child's birth certificate and photo ID (passport for foreign visitors) upon check-in. If only one parent or legal guardian is traveling with the child, that parent or legal guardian must also present a notarized consent of travel signed by both parents. Visitors who plan to travel with children should consult with a Brazilian consulate office prior to travel for further guidance.


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Answer BMX Adjustable Euro Bottom Bracket with 115mm Ti Spindle
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What I've Learned By Leading A Startup—And Taking On Google
Jumping into a fight with Google is something most companies would avoid. Chartbeat CEO Tony Haile explains how his company cleverly carved out a slice of the analytics pie (graph), and why your team and culture trump almost everything else.
1. Do the opposite.
I am not the founder of Chartbeat. I inherited it from the brilliant Billy Chasen and preternaturally sage John Borthwick days before we released a beta. And to be honest, I was a little unsure of what the hell to do with it.
Chartbeat was an analytics service in a world where Google Analytics was not only dominant but had one serious price point. The one thing I knew was that if we attempted to be "Google Analytics but faster," Google would eventually get faster and we would all be looking for new jobs.
Seeking advice from David Kidder, who was CEO of Clickable at the time, I sat in his office and talked through the dilemma.
"Do the opposite," he suggested. "You can't win by emulating Google, so why not just do the opposite of everything they do and see how that works. It might be a disaster but at least you'll be different."
And that's exactly what we did. Google focused on the historical trends of data over time, we targeted what was happening right now—finding out what was useful about real time or go bust trying. Google kept persistent history, we moved to archive all data after 30 days, cutting off 99% of the traditional use cases for analytics. Google enabled exports to reports, we had an API but refused to enable exporting. Google was free, we decided to charge.
It shouldn't have worked, but it did.
We were able to identify new use cases and a new audience for data within the organization. We grew fast and built differentiated services to the point where we are now 50-people strong and Chartbeat pulses under the hoods of 80% of the top content sites across the United States.
So I will happily steal from David Kidder and say, when facing a Goliath in your industry, don't try to be incrementally better, try doing the complete opposite of what they do and see where that takes you.
2. Experience matters. But so do intelligence, drive, and guts.
There's nothing quite like hiring people with experience—those who've been there before, have made all the mistakes and know the path to follow. However, experience can have its limits and issues. Too often people will default to what worked at a previous company with a different culture, market, and set of challenges, leaving them frustrated when history doesn't repeat itself.
The best kind of experience comes from those who are students of what they have done, who understand why the choices were made in their last company and the conditions required for success. It's easy to mistake one set of experiences for the other, especially when interviewing, which is why I've learned to value curiosity, intelligence, and drive as much as a long resume. Some of my proudest hires at Chartbeat have been people with little direct experience in the roles they've taken on and yet have shown a speed in learning and improvement that still amazes me.
So yes, value experience but don't let a hefty CV blind you to the opportunity to hire someone who is short on resume but long on everything else that makes a team member great.
3. Don't let speed of growth undermine culture.
When you're running a startup, there is always a ton of pressure to grow and hire rapidly. At times the urge to just hire qualified people and not sweat the other stuff can be overwhelming.
Early on at Chartbeat when we'd just raised our first round of funding, there was tremendous pressure to grow the team. I hired two people with great pedigrees and omitted the usual tests for cultural fit, ignoring the concerns of others who thought the candidates were "not quite Chartbeat." Within three months both were gone, leaving significant challenges behind them.
What I learned from that experience was that culture trumps everything. That doesn't mean you want to hire heterogenous people who all act and talk the same, but that each hire should contribute to your company's fundamental culture in some way—they should inform it and help it evolve. And now when given the choice between growth and culture, I choose culture every time.
4. Your team is smarter than you are.
Over the last four years I've learned repeatedly that whenever I delegate and give someone ownership over a specific discipline or project rather than trying to manage it all myself, Chartbeat gets better.
This may reflect my level of competency in general. But being more optimistic, I think it speaks to what's important in company development. Not until I hired my Head of Product did I realize just what I had been missing when it came to building and iterating Chartbeat. When I finally gave another team member the autonomy he needed to explore a completely different product space, Chartbeat started to move in an awesome new direction.
As a corollary to that, one of the best exercises that I don't do regularly enough is a 360 review of my performance. As CEO, it can be easy to make assumptions about what's being communicated effectively and what's not, to think that you're doing great when in fact you're letting the team down in some fundamental way. My team knows me better than anyone else. They know my strengths and weaknesses, and making sure there is a way for me to understand where I need to improve is an occasionally painful but always incredibly helpful experience.
Your team is smarter than you. They can do parts of your job better than you can. And they know how you can be better too. Listen to them.
—Tony Haile is the CEO of Chartbeat, a web analytics company based in New York City. In 2012 he was one of Fast Company's Most Creative People. Follow him on Twitter at @arctictony.
[Image: Flickr user Lig Ynnek]
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4 Comments
I like the David vs. Goliath "do opposite" theory (though, ofcourse, if you were starting up - hoping for a buyout BY the Goliath, you may build something complementary). I specially resonated with the "culture" bit - agree wholeheartedly (I had written down a piece on org culture a while ago (more in the Indian start-up context)- you may like to read it...the midle to end of the post concerns organizations..http://joshsang.wordpress.com/2013/02/01/organisational-culture-of-shared-lunches-hired-people-peak-performance-and-buyouts/
Very important article. I'm also a believer of stage an unconventional fight. If your enemy cannot fly, then fly and attack. It doesn't matter how big your enemy, you can win at the end. Founder, TomahawkWorld.
excellent and much needed on a few points! well done and thanks!
awesome article... thank you for sharing your experience :)


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Santana in El Nuevo Herald:
"How's the blockade coming along?"
"Perfect... We just published the list of all the products and the maximum amount allowed in the Official Gazette."
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[Back to News Articles] | |
Benefiting Education in Your Community for Twelve Years 1/7/2014 10:42:36 AM |
January 7, 2014 Columbia, SC - Today the South Carolina Education Lottery celebrates its 12th anniversary. Thats right, lottery proceeds have been invested in educational programs for Palmetto State citizens since 2002. Communities throughout South Carolina have been able to take advantage of a wide range of learning initiatives provided by funds generated through the sale of lottery tickets. | |
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Gay San José, Costa Rica
El Bochinche (Calle 11, Aves. 10/12, tel. 506/2221-0500) tends toward the upscale. The bi-level nightclub has a large-screen and multiscreen panel on both floors. Time your visit for Thursday night for the popular drag show, which attracts both women (straight and lesbian) and men (predominantly gay).
Club Oh! (Calle 2, Aves. 14/16, tel. 506/2248-1500) is considered the top club in town and draws an elegantly dressed, upscale crowd. The two DJs spin great tunes, with something for everyone (from 1980s faves to techno). The club has special events, great variety shows on Saturday, and talent competitions on Friday nights. Its huge disco is lit with laser lights and spinning globes.
La Avispa (Calle 1, Aves. 8/10, tel. 506/2223-5343) caters to both gays and lesbians. Passing through its unassuming doors in a low-class barrio, you'll be amazed to find a top-notch disco on two levels playing mostly techno and Latin music. There's also a pool room, a bar, and a big-screen TV upstairs. It draws fashionistas, both gay and straight, and drag queens flock on show night.
Most gay clubs are located in a rough part of town south of downtown; whatever you do, take a taxi.
A U.S. travel agency, Colours Destinations, operates Colours Oasis Hotel (tel. 506/2296-1880, toll-free from North America tel. 866/517-4390, $79-179 s, $89-189 d year-round; lower with Internet specials), a small gay-owned colonial-style property in the quiet residential Rohrmoser district. It has exquisite contemporary decor. There's a pool, a whirlpool tub, and a TV room, plus a café, a restaurant, and a bar. Other gay-friendly hotels include Hotel Fleur de Lys, Hotel Kekoldi, and Hotel Santo Tomás.
Meeting Places
Gay-friendly spots include Café Mundo (Ave. 9, Calle 15, tel. 506/2222-6190) and Café La Esquina, in Colours Oasis Hotel. The latter has gay theme parties monthly.
Joseph Itiel, author of ¡Pura Vida!: A Travel Guide to Gay & Lesbian Costa Rica, strongly advises against "cruising" the parks, where "you can get yourself into real trouble." Transvestites hang out at night around Parque Morazán and "Gringo Gulch" downtown. Gay saunas are a particularly popular rendezvous, notably at Hispalis (Ave. 2, Calles 17/19, tel. 506/2256-9540) and Paris (Calle 7, Ave. 7, tel. 506/2257-5272).
Excerpted from the Ninth Edition of Moon Costa Rica.


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GAINESVILLE - Florida coach Will Muschamp said on Wednesday he'll have a better idea whether Jelani Jenkins will be ready for the LSU game on Oct. 6 after the star linebacker sees a specialist about his broken thumb.
"He's going to see a specialist on Friday and they are going to remove the pin from his thumb,'' Muschamp said. "If he were to play it would be in a cast, and again that goes back to pain level and comfort level of playing with the cast. There will be some sort of covering if he's able to play.
"And right now, we feel like he should be able to go. But again you never know until the guy looks at it. So ...


text: we were on a motorbike trip and got off the ferry to use the san glorio. it is literally turn right out of the terminal and left on a side st. we needed somewhere secure to put our gear and have a night out in santander, it fulfilled both of these . we were there in late september in a... More


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Mobility Solutions
Robust three-axis sensor in engine compartment First combined inertial sensor with integrated vibration damper for ESP® from Bosch SMI650 senses yaw rate and acceleration
- Immune to interference thanks to integrated mechanical vibration damper
- Designed for the harsh conditions in the engine compartment
- First application in generation 9 ESP® electronic control units
Mobility Solutions is the largest Bosch Group business sector. According to preliminary figures, its 2014 sales came to 33.3 billion euros, or 68 percent of total group sales. This makes the Bosch Group one of the leading automotive suppliers. Mobility Solutions largely operates in the following areas: injection technology for internal-combustion engines, alternative powertrain concepts, efficient and networked powertrain peripherals, systems for active and passive driving safety, assistance and comfort functions, technology for user-friendly infotainment as well as car-to-car and Car2X communication, and concepts, technology, and service for the automotive aftermarket. Bosch has been responsible for important automotive innovations, such as electronic engine management, the ESP anti-skid system, and common-rail diesel technology. |
PI7961 - November 16, 2012


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Likely because he wanted quite a lot to play with, coupled with Warner Bros' alleged fortitude to save up every penny for that big-budget 'Superman vs. Batman' movie, Steven Spielberg and Warner Bros won't be doing business together on the war hero biopic "American Sniper", according to THR.
Spielberg was to direct Bradley Cooper – still attached – as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, the late soldier who has the record for the most kills by an American soldier on enemy territory.
With the budget disagreement, Spielberg not only leaves the film without a director, but a co-producer – his DreamWorks was all set to co-finance the project.
Spielberg, whose last film "Lincoln" didn't walk away with the plethora of awards he and the studio no doubt hoped it would've, had planned for "American Sniper" – which sounds like it might also be the type of film pre-packaged for awards consideration – to be his next project. Oh well, now he's freed up to do the one we'd all prefer he got going on… "Hook 2 : Cap's Still Hookin'".
- Tony Jaa joins the cast of Fast & Furious 7 - August 24, 2013
- Ronan the villain of Guardians of the Galaxy - August 24, 2013
- Field remakes Inbetweeners, Lowery reunites with Affleck - August 23, 2013
- Penthouse North - August 16, 2013
- Hammer of the Gods - August 16, 2013
- First Position - August 16, 2013
- Be standing for presidential stills from Parkland - August 13, 2013
- Powell joins Expendables 3; Filming kicks off next week - August 13, 2013
- TV : Slade on Crossbones; Four join The Knick - August 13, 2013
- Always knew Mary Jane Watson was a bit of a Midnight Special - August 13, 2013


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Class Actions Lawyers and Law Firms in St. Louis Park, MN
Class Actions Lawyers
GoldenbergLaw, PLLC
Minneapolis Personal Injury Lawyers
(612) 333-4662 or (855) 333-4662GoldenbergLaw, PLLC is an experienced, dedicated law firm located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Our principal trial attorneys Stuart Goldenberg and Michael Johnson have been named as Minnesota Super Lawyers. Mr. Goldenberg is a State and National Civil Trial Specialist, as certified...
Law Firm's Overview
ArticlesFree Consultation
Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP
National Law Firm
(612) 333-3434Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP was founded in 1934 and is headquartered in Chicago. We have offices in 12 states: Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Wisconsin.
At Hinshaw, we value long-term client...
Law Firm's Overview
Law Office of Joshua R. Williams, PLLC
Minneapolis Employment Lawyer
(612) 486-5540The Law Office of Joshua R. Williams, PLLC is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. We are dedicated to standing up for people who need someone to stand strong on their behalf. We provide legal representation in these types of cases: Employment Law, Civil Rights, and Workers' Compensation....
Law Firm's Overview
Free ConsultationContingency FeeCredit Cards
Stoel Rives LLP
Transactional and Litigation Law Firm
(612) 373-8800Stoel Rives LLP, an experienced law firm, was established in 1907. We offer a full suite of transactional and litigation solutions for U.S. and international clients. We have nearly 400 attorneys operating out of 11 offices in seven states. Representative clients include financial...
Law Firm's Overview
Ward Law Offices ltd
St. Louis Park, MN 55416Minnesota Corporate and Individual Tax; Business Transactions and Estate Planning Attorney
(952) 582-2916EMPLOYMENT LAW; · Employer Policy Manuels; · Employee Handbooks; · Employee vs. Independent Contractors; · Employment at will; · Employment Contracts; · Independent Contractor Agreements; · Separation from Employment; EMPLOYEE BENEFITS; · 401 (K); · Pension and Profit Sharing Plans; · SEP; · KEOGH;...
Felhaber, Larson, Fenlon & Vogt, P.A.
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkMinnesota Labor, Employment, Commercial Litigation, Real Estate, & Estates Law Firm
(612) 339-6321Felhaber, Larson, Fenlon & Vogt, P.A. is a full-service law firm in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, serving clients throughout the Midwest for more than 60 years. We zealously advocate for our clients by providing progressive solutions to their legal and business needs. Our clients include...
Other Offices: St. Paul
Gilbert Law Office PLLC
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkMinneapolis Family Law/Business Attorney
612-564-3622Matt's vision for Gilbert Law Office PLLC is to combine his legal skills with his knowledge of finance and economics to provide exceptional and affordable legal services to individuals and small businesses.; Before establishing Gilbert Law Office PLLC, Matt practiced law as an Associate Attorney at...
Littler Mendelson P.C.
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkNational Employment & Labor Law Firm
(612) 630-1000Littler Mendelson is the largest U.S.-based law firm exclusively devoted to representing management in every aspect of labor and employment law. The firm's single focus on employment and labor law has created a cartel of attorneys whose knowledge of and experience in these areas of law is...
Meagher & Geer, P.L.L.P.
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkCivil and Commercial Litigation Defense Law Firm
(612) 338-0661Meagher & Geer, P.L.L.P. is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Phoenix, Arizona. The firm was established in Minneapolis in 1929. Meagher & Geer has earned a reputation as one of the leading litigation defense firms in the Upper Midwest. We serve clients nationwide and we offer a wide...
Meshbesher & Spence
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkMinnesota Personal Injury, Criminal Defense, & Civil Litigation Attorneys
(612) 339-9121At Meshbesher & Spence law firm, our attorneys have been representing families in crisis for over 50 years. Ron Meshbesher established his Minneapolis legal practice in 1961 with a small staff dedicated to preserving and defending the welfare of Minnesotan families.; We specialize in civil...
Pearson Randall Schumacher and LaBore
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkNursing Home Abuse and Neglect
(612) 767-7503PritzkerOlsen, P.A.
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkPersonal Injury and Wrongful Death Attorneys in Minneapolis, Minnesota
(612) 338-0202At PritzkerOlsen, P.A., our personal injury attorneys have won millions for accident victims and their families in personal injury and wrongful death cases. Several of our attorneys have been named "Super Lawyers" by Law and Politics magazine, and Attorney Fred Pritzker is listed in the current...
TSR Injury Law
Bloomington, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkBloomington, Minnesota Personal Injury Lawyers
(612) 362-0000TSR Injury Law is a personal injury law firm based in Minneapolis, Minnesota provides legal services and representation to the injured throughout the surrounding areas of Minnesota. The firm was established in 1997 and since that time, has been committed to helping victims of injury get justice....
Twin Cities Law Firm
Minneapolis, MN - Law Firm near St. Louis ParkMinneapolis, Minnesota Full Service Law Firm
(612) 466-0010Twin Cities Law Firm provides legal services to Minneapolis, St. Paul, and the surrounding Twin Cities metro area. While specializing in business law and litigation, our firm provides an array of consumer legal services, including bankruptcy, employment law, real estate law, and more.; Located in...


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Charlotte's Web
- Release date:15 December 2006 (USA)
- Genre:
- Summary:Wilbur the pig is scared of the end of the season, because he knows that come that time, he will end up on the dinner table. He hatches a plan with Charlotte, a spider that lives in his pen, to ensure that this will never happen. |
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Climate Change: Challenges and Priorities for Basic Research, May 20, 2008, Text Slide 3 of 44
Slide image: Three graphs showing "Global average temperature" (top), "Global average sea level" (center), and "Northern Hemisphere snow cover" (bottom) from the year 1850 to around 2006. The first two are rising. The snow cover is generally decreasing.
Slide image credit: � IPCC 2007 WG1-AR4 IPCC FOURTH ASSESSMENT REPORT, CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 (AR4), Figure SPM.3
Background image: Photo showing thunderstorm over a city
Background image credit: � University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
Design by: Adrian Apodaca, National Science Foundation
Return to speech | Return to a list of Dr. Bement's speeches.


text:
Further evidence emerged that the U.K. economy may be on the verge of recovery as unemployment claims fell by 8,600 in May from April. However, basic pay was up 0.9% in the three months through April while inflation remains around 2.4% annually. "After being in a pretty long funk for the past couple of years, there is something of an acceleration going on. But it isn't very strong, and certainly nothing like escape velocity," said economist Neville Hill at Credit Suisse Group in London.
View Full Article in:
BloombergPublished in Brief:


text:
Local threats halt Modikwa drilling
Comment on this storyJohannesburg - African Rainbow Minerals Ltd., controlled by South African billionaire Patrice Motsepe, said a drilling program at Modikwa platinum mine was stalled after contractors were threatened by local opponents of the project.
The managers of Modikwa, which is jointly owned by African Rainbow, Anglo American Platinum Ltd., and the local community, didn't consult farmers before adding a new drill rig that would affect their fields, Mike Kgwete, a community activist, said by phone on May 23. Modikwa had "extensive consultation with community structures and land owners" before adding the rig at the mine in north-eastern South Africa, African Rainbow said.
"An agreement was reached for an in-fill drilling program to commence at the Modikwa mine," the Johannesburg-based company said in an e-mailed response to questions. "Access and compensation terms were agreed with affected land owners."
African Rainbow has faced opposition to its development of Modikwa from some members of the local community in the Limpopo province, who claim they don't benefit from their 8.5 percent stake in the mine. While African Rainbow founder Motsepe, 52, has become South Africa's richest black person, most of the community in the rural area live in poverty.
"Things are not going well," Abraham Monyela, another activist, said by phone on May 23. "The relations between the mine and the community are not good."
African Rainbow said that during the establishment of the drill site the contractor reported an approach and threats from a few people at the site, the company said. "In the interest of safety, the Modikwa Mine then instructed the contractor to remove the rig from site until there is further engagement and clarification on the matter."
A group of people traveled by bus from Limpopo to protest outside African Rainbow's Johannesburg office on April 25, according to Kgwete. The activists handed over a memorandum demanding local businesses benefit more from mine contracts and that companies collectively owned by the community be dissolved because the protesters said their leaders have become unaccountable.
African Rainbow said it's committed to ensuring that local populations benefit from Modikwa, which draws 70 percent of its 4,000 permanent employees from the surrounding region.
"The area has approximately 80,000 people and an 80 percent unemployment rate, so there will continue to be challenges in ensuring the upliftment of our people living in these communities," the company said.
African Rainbow is planning to expand Modikwa, which last year produced 325,000 ounces of platinum group metals. The drilling program "is an ongoing and routine part of the operation and is to determine geology and reef continuity," the company said.
African Rainbow shares fell for an eighth consecutive day, declining 0.2 percent to 186.20 rand at 10:58 a.m. in Johannesburg. The stock has weakened 1.5 percent this year.
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text:
Baby Name Poll Results
Ryan James vs. Corey James
What do you think?
The Top Baby Name is...
Name | Votes |
Ryan James | 71% (5 votes) |
Corey James | 29% (2 votes) |
posted by guest :: 2013-09-18 11:38:11 | report
Ryan James sounds the best. I really don't like the look or sound of Corey.
posted by guest :: 2013-09-18 11:42:05 | report
Post a Comment:
Please keep your comments positive and helpful.Even if you don't like the names. Thanks!
For all baby name poll questions, complaints, or improvements
contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
- 02-05-13, 08:47 PM Thread Author #1
Z10 getting hot
Any1 else finding there z10 to get warm /hot?
Gets warm for sure. Welcome to LTE! LOL
�Answers are easy. It's asking the right questions which is hard. - The Doctor�
Yeah, cause BB10 is HOT!!!!!
Stuff - 02-05-13, 08:54 PM #4
I let my Z10 die today as i got it today. Put it in the charger & left it. The little cube adapter for the plug got really hot where the phone stopped charging. :/. I know this happens but why do they get so hot.
The phone barely got hot for me tho. - 02-05-13, 09:19 PM #6
When I first stated synching Facebook, Gmail, etc, I noticed it got really really hot. As another pointed out, the wall plug charger also got really really hot.
Since then, the phone has not gotten that hot again for me. I am going to let the battery go pretty low before I plug it in again just to break it in - 02-05-13, 09:19 PM Thread Author #7
Interesting comments....so its not a bug or defect correct?
The plug charger getting really hot happened with the iPhone 4S /5 & my Bold 9900 & Torch 9810. I am guessing its just the way they make them. No one knows.. the thing its scaring me as it gets REALLY hot so i do not know if i should leave it plug into the outlet or leave it off & not charge the phone.
My z10 has also been getting hot. Maybe LTE. Not sure. But NFC is off. I also experienced it once where I noticed the phone was staying hot and the battery was rapidly dying. And this was after charging it just a few hours prior.
I just read this crackberry article. Maybe the two issues are related. As I have been using my 9810 charger. Check it out:
PSA: Your BlackBerry 10 device may lose charge when connected to a non BlackBerry 10 charger
PSA: Your BlackBerry 10 device may lose charge when connected to a non BlackBerry 10 charger | CrackBerry.com - 02-21-13, 12:51 PM #10
Would not say hot, but certainly warm.
Posted via CB108800>9000>9700>9900>Z10>Q10
PlayBook - 02-21-13, 01:38 PM #11
Playing a couple of levels of Space Invaders warms my BlackBerry Z10.
Posted via CB10 - 03-07-13, 07:24 AM #12
My battery has been fine since I got the phone Friday - now 6days later the phone was really hot this morning and by 11am I had 25% battery left
I don't usually reach 25% untill after 9pm
Is this a fault with the handset/battery, or is it just having an 'off day' ?? -
Maybe too much use at once?
My 9930 did it when I was playing music from it for hours in a long car ride and charging it. - 03-07-13, 08:32 AM #14
Was just at a week long conference where the free WiFi was terrible. All phones - Blackberry and iPhone were getting very hot and batteries were draining fast. We found that by disableing the WiFi, the Z10 stopped trying to follow the bouncing WiFi signal and just worked off the wireless carrier. That seemed to have solved everyone's problem.
Just to follow up on this. My phone seemed seemed to have forgotten the update that fixed the battery problems, as when I connected to my pc it said to update again (same number update I did previously)
Battery was fine again once I did this untill yesterday when the battery was poor again but not hot, that evening the phone said it needed updating again (same updated number again) so I did this, and again the battery is back to normal
This phone is being replaced by my carrier tomorrow as it is obviously faulty. - 03-10-13, 11:07 AM #16
I recently purchased the Battery Guru app an I can say that my Z10 has reached some serious temps.
Just yesterday I happened to be on the phone with Bell for almost two hours. Most of the time I was on hold, so i had my phone on speaker and at the same time I was browsing the CB 10 app.
I noticed my phone getting really warm about an hour and a half into this fiasco. ( I won't get into details.) So I opened up Battery Guru and check the temp that it was registering. Holy crap!
I can say though I did figure out the actual culprit for making the phone so hot. My wonderful BlackBerry Transform case is quite the insulator.
I removed the case and the temp dropped 10 degrees in a bout a minute and it settled to 38 after about 6 mins.
So all on all the phone can get hot, but it really depends on what is preventing it from dissipating heat as it normally should.
Posted via CB10 - 03-14-13, 10:57 PM #17
My phone doesn't get hot while charging but it gets hot when I play games for a little while. Never had the problem on my 9780.
I hope it is not a problem.
Posted via CB10Thanked by:EastMcCauley (03-17-13)
I had the same problem with the heat. What I found was if you're in an area where there is no LTE like me, shutting it off made the difference. And helped the battery along with the update. So I guess make sure the coverage in the area corresponds with your phone's settings so it's not hunting constantly. Mine is set to HSPA+/UMTS now and reception has been awesome, battery excellent, and cool as cucumber with lots of usage and NFC left on.
- Dr. Hannibal Moot
Come check out my BBM Channel, The Flaming Hetero C00122175 - "Only the facts, true or not."
Motorola StarTac - Blackberry Bold 9000 - Blackberry Torch 9800- Playbook - Blackberry Z10 - Q5 - Z30 - 03-15-13, 10:58 PM #23
I purchase my BB on 10th March 2013 and charge for 5 Hours on the same day. I notice that the battery power getting lower it only support maximum 10-12 hours more over the whole unit is getting heat.
What to do it is a big investment how can I get new one or fixe the problem.
Mob# 0569284512 - 03-15-13, 11:04 PM #24
I'd say 10-12 hours is pretty good (depending on what you're doing). As said previously, running apps/videos and LTE itself will cause the device to be warm to the touch. You can download Battery Guru and get a closer look at your battery performance/data and temps if it's a huge concern. Welcome to the forums btw!
Every smart phone gets hot time to time depending on what you are doing. I haven't noticed anything strange, I think its normal for a smartphone to get warm when you are browsing on 3G/4G, playing games or on a long duration call.
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text:
Files | Size | Format | Description | View | |
ubc_2011_spring_bordewick_matthew.pdf | 297.7Kb | Adobe Portable Document Format |
View/ |
Title: | Is the Sri Lankan option a recipe for counterinsurgency? Lessons in legitimacy for Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines |
Author: | Bordewick, Matthew James |
Degree | Master of Arts - MA |
Program | Political Science |
Copyright Date: | 2011 |
Publicly Available in cIRcle | 2011-04-13 |
Abstract: | Conventional wisdom has posited that it is difficult, if not highly unlikely, for a state to defeat an insurgency using conventional military strategy. However, the May 2009 victory of the Government of Sri Lanka over the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam demonstrates that such victories are possible. This victory is attributed to a political strategy rather than the purely military one emphasized in the literature. This political component comes down to a contest for legitimacy between the GOSL and the LTTE's leadership at the local level for the loyalty of two audiences: the rank-and-file of the insurgency, and the aggrieved minority population from which the insurgency was born. Among the former audience, if the state's legitimacy position gains in relative terms, the state can co-opt members of the rank-and-file through defection. Among the latter audience, the effectiveness of counterinsurgency operations will depend on a competition between the two actors for the support of the local aggrieved minority population. The logic behind these hypotheses on cooption and local support is born out in the Sri Lankan case, and, furthermore, is argued to have more general applicability by comparison to insurgent conflicts in Thailand and the Philippines. The Sri Lankan case demonstrates that when both actors have low support among locals (Sri Lankan Tamils) it is the insurgency, and not the state, that becomes more vulnerable on the battlefield. The Patani insurgency in Thailand is found to be closed to cooption, while the local population (Thai Malay Muslims) is argued to support neither side outright. This has led to conditions of stalemate on the battlefield. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front in the Philippines is found to be highly open to cooption since the 2003 ceasefire, with high levels of support among locals (Muslim Moros). This gives the insurgency a significant military advantage over the state if the peace process were to break down. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33602 |
Scholarly Level: | Graduate |
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text:
Method Man
NME.COM artist profile on Method Man including news, reviews, videos, photos, gigs, tickets and more.
Method Man Tickets
There are no Method Man tickets on sale at the moment. Why not subscribe to the Method Man Tickets RSS feed to be first in line when Method Man gig tickets are available?
Method Man News
Method Man pleads guilty to tax-evasion charge
Wu-Tang Clan man and 'The Wire' actor pays $40,000 (£26,500) fine on the spot
- Jun 29, 2010


text:
Paris Hilton is back with a new, upbeat dance single, "Come Alive."
On Tuesday, the heiress, now 33-year-old DJ and singer came out with her second single under her new contract with Universal Music, Mail Online UK reports.
The singer DJ also provided Mail Online UK with the chance to exclusively look at the video shoot of this new single. Mail Online UK reports that the former "Simple Life" Star is simply ecstatic about the new single and the video shoot. She could not be more excited, especially since she was the one who wrote the song. The same goes for this video shoot. "It was a magical experience," Paris Hilton told MailOnline. "I put together all of my favorite ethereal images and we just went from there. It was like a fantasy come true."
She discussed the video in detail too, making sure her fans will be excited with the shoot as much as she was. She said it was like playing dress up.
'"I did a shoot that made me feel alive to match the song," Hilton shared to MailOnline. "I had fun with the costumes. It was like playing dress up."
Interestingly, she got the whole theme pegged down. She was the one who came up with the idea and it was executed wonderfully, according to her. The cover girl said it was not even that hard to come up with the theme because everything just came to her "naturally."
"I wrote the song myself while I was in Miami a few months ago," revealed Paris to MailOnline. "The lyrics come from my heart. I love writing love songs, they make me happy, they make me feel good, so I tend to focus on that."
If Paris gave Mail Online UK exclusive look on her music video, she took E! behind the scenes of the video. In this exclusive clip, she provided the details to the magical theme for hew latest video.
"It's all about love and how it makes you feel alive. So when I was coming up with the concept for the music video, I wanted it to be something that was very magical, ethereal, just very fantasy like, that's why I wanted to have a unicorn in it because I just think they're such beautiful, magical creatures. It's very colorful, fun, free and I'm having a great day," explained Hilton.


text:
See your color on these designs right now!
Apply My Color
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text:
Date | Comment | Site |
Apr 5, 2006 | I particularly like the standing spread eagle video. Annie is very attractive and very reactive. Download speed was good. I use DSL and consistently get 170 KB/sec |
Hogtied |
18 U.S.C. 2257 Record-Keeping Requirements Compliance Statement All material shown on this website is consensual. No model was harmed during the filming of these movies. Copyright ©2015 Kink.com


text:
Can you give me a hint on how to make gifs like those rock song pause ones you make ?
Hint: Paint.NET [now we wait for bloatarder to see this and go crazy]
But no srsly, I just made a random picture with the effects, made a lil bar in the middle, wrote the songs and used the ALIGN OBJECT plugin to center it inside the box, then i saved them all as different pictures and implemented them all in different frames in gifmaker! Simple as that!
Around 2 months ago


text:
Page 1
Journal of General Virology (2001), 82, 2827–2836.
Printed in Great Britain
Comparative reactions of recombinant papaya ringspot viruses
with chimeric coat protein (CP) genes and wild-type viruses on
CP-transgenic papaya
Chu-Hui Chiang,1Ju-Jung Wang,1Fuh-Jyh Jan,1Shyi-Dong Yeh2and Dennis Gonsalves1
1Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
2Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
Transgenic papaya cultivars SunUp and Rainbow express the coat protein (CP) gene of the mild
mutant of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HA. Both cultivars are resistant to PRSV HA and other
Hawaii isolates through homology-dependent resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing.
However, Rainbow, which is hemizygous for the CP gene, is susceptible to PRSV isolates from
YK isolate from Taiwan. To investigate the role of CP sequence similarity in overcoming the
resistance of Rainbow, PRSV HA recombinants with various CP segments of the YK isolate were
constructed and evaluated on Rainbow, SunUp and non-transgenic papaya. Non-transgenic
papaya were severely infected by all recombinants, but Rainbow plants developed a variety of
symptoms. On Rainbow, a recombinant with the entire CP gene of YK caused severe symptoms,
while recombinants with only partial YK CP sequences produced a range of milder symptoms.
Interestingly, arecombinant with aYK segment from the 5?regionof the CPgene caused very mild,
transient symptoms, whereas recombinants with YK segments from the middle and 3? parts of the
which contained the entire CP gene or the central and 3?-end regions of the CP gene and the 3?
non-coding region of YK, and the resulting symptoms were mild. It is concluded that the position
of the heterologous sequences in the recombinants influences their pathogenicity on Rainbow.
Pathogen-derived resistance can be mediated by either
protein or RNA (Baulcombe, 1996; Beachy, 1993, and
accompanying articles; Dougherty & Parks, 1995; Lomon-
ossoff, 1995; Sanford & Johnston, 1985). Lindbo et al. (1993)
were the first to show that the resistance of transgenic
plants expressing various forms of the coat protein (CP) of a
potyvirus is RNA-mediated. They provided evidence that
RNA-mediated protection was sequence-specific and thus
effective only when the transgene has high similarity to the
attacking virus. Numerous other laboratories have confirmed
and extended these observations to viruses in other genera
(English et al., 1996; Pang et al., 1996, 2000; Prins & Goldbach,
1996). The underlying mechanism of RNA-mediated virus
resistance, also referred to as homology-dependent resistance,
is post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) (Baulcombe,
Author for correspondence: Dennis Gonsalves.
Fax ?1 315 787 2389. e-mail dg12?nysaes.cornell.edu
1999a, b; English et al., 1997; Meins, 2000; Wassenegger &
Pelissier, 1998).
Various models have been proposed to explain the
mechanisms that trigger PTGS and produce virus resistance in
transgenic plants that express a transgene that is homologous
to the attacking virus. These include an RNA threshold model
(Dougherty & Parks, 1995; Smith et al., 1994), an ectopic
pairing and aberrant RNA model (Baulcombe, 1996;
Baulcombe&English,1996; Englishet al.,1996) andadsRNA-
induced PTGS model (Metzlaff et al., 1997; Montgomery &
Fire, 1998; Waterhouse et al., 1998). However, all of these
models propose a common sequence-specific RNA-degra-
dation process. Briefly, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
synthesizes short antisense RNA from the transgene mRNA
and the antisense RNA binds to the complementary regions of
the mRNA in the cytoplasm to form RNA duplexes, which are
then degraded by dsRNA-specific nucleases (Dalmay et al.,
2000a, b; Mourrain et al., 2000). Viral RNA in the cytoplasm
is also a target for degradation. Indeed, several recent papers
report the identification of small RNA molecules, 21–25 nt in
Page 2
C.-H. Chiang and othersC.-H. Chiang and others
length, that correspond to sense and antisense pieces of the
dsRNA or transgene that is introduced into the cytoplasm
(Bass, 2000; Dalmay et al., 2000a, b; Hamilton & Baulcombe,
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), from the genus Potyvirus, is
the major limiting factor for economic papaya production
throughout the tropics and subtropics, including the state of
Hawaii (Gonsalves, 1998). Two transgenic cultivars, Rainbow
and SunUp, that are resistant to PRSV in Hawaii were recently
commercialized (Gonsalves, 1998; Manshardt, 1999). SunUp
was derived from transgenic papaya line 55-1 (Fitch et al.,
1992) and is homozygous for a single insert of the CP gene of
PRSV HA 5-1 (Tennant et al., 2001), a mild mutant of PRSV
HA (Yeh & Gonsalves, 1984). Rainbow is a hybrid of SunUp
and the non-transgenic cultivar 'Kapoho'. It is therefore
hemizygous for the CP gene (Manshardt, 1999). Tennant et al.
(1994, 2001) reported that Rainbow and hemizygous plants of
line 55-1 are resistant to PRSV isolates from Hawaii that share
atleast 97% ntidentitytothe CPtransgenebut are susceptible
to isolates from outside Hawaii that have 89–94% identity to
the transgene. In contrast, SunUp is resistant to a number of
isolates from outside Hawaii.
We recently developed infectious transcripts of PRSV HA
(Chiang & Yeh, 1997), which provide us with a unique
opportunity to produce PRSV HA chimeras that are different
from PRSV HA in their CP sequences. Such chimeras can be
used to determine the relative importance of CP sequence
similarity in breaking the resistance of Rainbow. We con-
structed a series of such CP recombinants by using whole or
partial CP sequences of PRSV YK, a PRSV isolate with 90% nt
identity to PRSV HA in the CP sequence (Wang & Yeh, 1997).
Recombinant viruses were able to overcome the resistance of
Rainbow but the symptoms varied from very mild to severe,
depending on the region of the CP gene that was substituted.
? Virus isolates. Two PRSV isolates were used in this study. PRSV
PRSVYKisthe mostcommonstrain inTaiwan(Wang&Yeh,1997). The
complete nucleotide sequences of HA and YK have been determined
(Wang & Yeh, 1997; Yeh et al., 1992). Both genomes are 10326 nt in
length, excluding the poly(A) tail.
? Transgenic papaya lines. The commercial transgenic papaya
SunUp and Rainbow used in this work were originally derived from
transgenic line 55-1 (Manshardt, 1999). Line 55-1 was developed by
transforming the Hawaiian papaya cultivar 'Sunset' with the CP gene of
PRSV HA 5-1 (Fitch et al., 1992), which is a nitrous acid-induced mutant
from the parent strain PRSV HA (Yeh & Gonsalves, 1984). Comparison
of the 3?-terminal 2235 nt of HA with its mild mutant HA 5-1 showed
99?4% identity (Wang & Yeh, 1992). Their CP gene sequences differ by
2 nt but their 3? non-coding region (NCR) sequences are identical. The
CP-homozygous SunUp was from the R3 generation and was obtained
by crossing R0 transgenic line 55-1 with hermaphroditic 'Sunset' and
then self-crossing of progenies (Manshardt, 1999). Rainbow is an F1
derived from a cross of SunUp and non-transgenic cultivar 'Kapoho'.
to 10168 of PRSV HA 5-1, which corresponds to the entire CP gene
(Quemada et al., 1990) and 51 nt of the 3? NCR (Fig. 1B). Additionally,
the5?endofPRSVCPcontainsanextra48 ntthatencode16aminoacids
of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) CP, and an extra 22 nt of the CMV 3?
NCR is fused to the end of the PRSV 3? NCR (Ling et al., 1991).
? Generation of recombinant viruses between HA and YK. A
full-length infectious cDNA clone of PRSV HA, designated pT3-HAG
(Chiang & Yeh, 1997), was used to construct different recombinants
between PRSV HA and PRSV YK at the 3? region of the genome.
Clone p3?YKCP, which contains the 1?2 kb 3? region of PRSV YK,
was constructed by using RT–PCR with an upstream primer, 5?
GGCAGGGCCCCATATGTGTCTG 3?, that contains a created ApaI
site (underlined) between positions 9053 and 9074 of YK and with an
primer. A full-length hybrid virus, designated pHA-3?YK, was obtained
by replacing the ApaI–NotI fragment of pT3-HAG with the cor-
responding region of p3?YKCP (Fig. 1A, B). Thus, clone HA-3?YK (Fig.
1?2 kb, consisting of 200 nt of the nuclear inclusion b (NIb) gene, the
complete CP gene (861 nt) and 209 nt of the 3? NCR, is from PRSV YK.
We constructed six other recombinant clones that contained YK
sequences in the 5? region, the central region or the 3? region of the CP
gene (Fig. 1B). These six full-length chimeric CP constructs were
obtained by replacing cDNA fragments with the common restriction
enzyme sites (ApaI, SwaI, EcoRI and NotI) between pT3-HAG and pHA-
3?YK (Fig. 1B). Clones YK-AS, YK-SE, YK-EN, YK-AE and YK-SN were
constructed by exchanging the ApaI–SwaI, SwaI–EcoRI, EcoRI–NotI,
ApaI–EcoRI and SwaI–NotI restriction fragments of pT3-HAG with those
from pHA-3?YK. YK-AS?EN was obtained by replacing the SwaI–EcoRI
fragment of pHA-3?YK with the corresponding fragment from pT3-
and YK and by sequencing to confirm the replacement.
? Inoculation of papaya. RNA transcripts were synthesized in vitro
by T3 RNA polymerase from NotI-linearized plasmids as described by
Chiang & Yeh (1997). Capped RNA transcripts were then applied
mechanically onto non-transgenic plants of papaya (Carica papaya) with
three true leaves. Initially, inocula (1 g leaves in 15 ml buffer) were from
papaya infected with the in vitro transcript. Subsequently, non-transgenic
papaya and another systemic host, Cucumis metuliferus (Naud.), were also
inoculated and used as the source of recombinant virus for subsequent
tests. However, only tissues from up to three inoculation transfers were
used as inocula. After that, inocula were again obtained from the original
papaya that was infected by the in vitro transcripts. Papaya plants were
inoculated at a young stage, with 5–6 true leaves, or at an older stage,
with 10–12 true leaves. All inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse
at 21–24 ?C and observed for symptoms for 90 days.
? Virus detection. Total RNA was extracted from papaya leaves as
described by Levy et al. (1994). The 3? region of the viral genome was
amplified by RT–PCR with upstream and downstream primers re-
spectively corresponding to PRSV HA positions 8868–8897 and
10083–10117. The RT–PCR-generated DNA fragments were sequenced
with an ABI 373 automated sequencer (DNA Sequencing Services,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA).
Northern blot analysis was used to estimate viral RNA accumulation.
Ten µg total RNA, extracted 45 days post-inoculation (p.i.) from
transgenic Rainbow and non-transgenic papaya, was electrophoresed in
a denaturing formaldehyde–1?2% agarose gel and blotted onto a Gene
Screen Plus nylon membrane as described by the manufacturer's manual
(DuPont). A ??P-labelled, random-primed, ApaI?NotI-digested, 1?2 kb
DNA fragment from pT3-HAG, which contained 200 bp of NIb, the
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PRSV recombinants and transgenic papayaPRSV recombinants and transgenic papaya
45 days p.i.
90 days p.i.
Fig. 1. Schematic strategy for the construction of various PRSV HA recombinants with CP gene segments from PRSV YK and a
summary of their reactions on transgenic Rainbow papaya. (A) Genetic map of PRSV. ApaI–NotI indicates the region used for
replacing the sequence between HA and YK. (B) HA and YK represent the 3? regions of HA and YK. The restriction enzymes
chosen for the replacements (ApaI, SwaI, EcoRI and NotI) are indicated. The numbers between the arrows indicate the
distances in nucleotides. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of nucleotides that were mismatched with the
corresponding segment of the transgene. Open rectangles indicate HA sequences and shaded rectangles represent YK
sequences. All constructs are aligned to the same scale. Symptom types are those of Rainbow plants that were inoculated at a
young (5–6 leaves) stage: Sev, severe; NS, no symptoms; Rec, recovery; I, prominent vein clearing; II, many vein flecks;
III, very few vein flecks. See Fig. 3 for pictures of symptoms.
complete CP gene (861 nt), 209 bp of the NCR and a 36 residue poly(A)
sequence from pT3-HAG, was used as a probe. Bark extracts from stems
of plants that did not have symptoms on leaves but had water-soak
lesions on the stems 4 months after inoculation were assayed by double-
antibody sandwich ELISA (Clark & Adams, 1977) with antiserum to
intact PRSV HA virus (Ling et al., 1991).
Construction and biological activity of recombinant
viruses on non-transgenic plants
PRSV HA was used as the backbone for creating recom-
binant viruses with PRSV YK sequences because the former
causes severe symptoms on non-transgenic papaya and is
nearly homologous to PRSV HA 5-1, a mild, nitrous acid-
induced mutant of HA. HA 5-1 has only two nucleotide
differences from PRSV HA in the CP and none in the 3? NCR
(Wang & Yeh, 1992; Fig. 1). SunUp and Rainbow express the
CP gene of PRSV HA 5-1, and initial work showed that these
plants are susceptible to YK.
Seven full-length PRSV HA recombinant constructs were
generated by replacing segments of the HA genome with
corresponding segments from YK (Fig. 1). Since a suitable
restriction enzyme site at the 5? end of the CP gene in PRSV
HA was not available, an ApaI site in the NIb gene 200 bp
upstream from the CP gene was chosen to perform the DNA
replacements between HA and YK. Consequently, recom-
binant viruses HA-3?YK, YK-AS, YK-AE and YK-AS?EN also
contained 200 bp of NIb from YK. A NotI site was created
downstream of the poly(A) tail to make constructs HA-3?YK,
YK-EN, YK-SN and YK-AS?EN. The NotI restriction site was
Page 4
C.-H. Chiang and othersC.-H. Chiang and others
Top expanded leaf at 8 days p.i.
81012141618 20
Time (days after inoculation)
14 1618 20
Time (days after inoculation)
Fig. 2. ELISA detection of PRSV HA (?) and YK (?) and recombinants YK-AS/EN (?) and YK-AE (?) in leaves of infected
non-transgenic papaya. Samples were collected at periodic intervals from the same three leaves of test plants and tested by
ELISA. Sampled leaves were positioned as the top expanded leaf at 8 (A), 12 (B), and 14 (C) days p.i. The results are the
mean ELISA readings of four or five plants from two experiments. ?, Healthy non-transgenic papaya. The readings were taken
after 1 h of substrate hydrolysis.
Top expanded leaf at 14 days p.i.
Top expanded leaf at 12 days p.i.
12 1416 1820
Time (days after inoculation)
also used to linearize the plasmids prior to in vitro transcription
(Chiang & Yeh, 1997). Thus, recombinants HA-3?YK, YK-EN,
YK-SN and YK-AS?EN contained an extra 158 nt of the 3?
NCR sequence from YK compared with the transgene (Fig. 1).
Comparisons of the YK segments of the recombinant
Fig. 1. The replacement segments of recombinant clone HA-
3?YK showed 76 nt differences out of 861 in the PRSV HA 5-
1 CP sequence and 8 nt differences out of 51 in the 3? NCR
region. The YK replacement segment of the recombinant YK-
AS had the lowest nucleotide sequence identity to the CP
transgene (87?5%; 33 of 263 nt different); this region corre-
sponded to the variable N terminus and part of the core region
of the CP(Shukla et al., 1988).The YKsegment of recombinant
YK-SE had an identity of 92?3% (32 of 415 nt different); the
YK segment originated from the core region of the CP (Shukla
et al., 1988). The recombinant YK-EN contained a YK segment
that corresponded to the conserved C-terminal and core
regions of the CP (94?0% identity; 11 of 183 nt different) and
the first 51 nt of the 3? NCR (84?3% identity; 8 of 51 nt
different). Recombinants YK-AE, YK-SN and YK-AS?EN
contained combinations of two YK segment replacements, as
shown in Fig. 1(B).
The biological activity of the recombinants was tested on
non-transgenic papaya. Papaya mechanically inoculated with
in vitro transcripts corresponding to the recombinants showed
symptoms similar to those induced by PRSV HA. Symptoms
developed 8–11 days p.i. and consisted of severe mosaic, leaf
distortion and stunting of the plants. RT–PCR and sequencing
from the inoculated non-transgenic plants verified that the
infection was from the proper recombinant viruses (data not
shown). Furthermore, these recombinants appeared stable in
that they induced similar symptoms in non-transgenic papaya
following serial passages for over a year.
The relative titres of several recombinants (HA-3?YK, HA-
AE and HA-AS?EN) in non-transgenic papaya were also
compared with those of HA and YK. Two or three selected
non-inoculated leaves (top expanded leaf at 8, 12 and 14 or 16
days p.i.) were monitored for virus by ELISA at about 2 day
intervals up to 20 days p.i. Additionally, comparisons of local
lesion production on Chenopodium quinoa were done with HA-
3?YK, HA and YK. ELISA readings of HA-AE and HA-AS?EN
were similar to HA and YK over time (Fig. 2A–C). Virus was
first detected by ELISA in the top expanded leaf (Fig. 2A) at
12–14 days p.i. and detection by ELISA coincided with the
appearanceof symptomsonthe sampledleaves.The virus titre
was maximal in all leaves starting 16–18 days p.i. The
of HA and YK (data not shown). Furthermore, leaf extracts of
papayasampled15daysafter inoculationwithHA, YKor HA-
3?YK induced similar numbers of local lesions (Table 1). In
similar tests, ELISA analysis of Cucumis metuliferus inoculated
with the isolates showed that these plants also developed
similar titres (data not shown). Taken together, these results
show that the recombinants HA-3?YK, HA-AE and HA-
AS?EN replicate and move in a similar way to HA and YK in
non-transgenic papaya and Cucumis metuliferus.
Comparative reactions of SunUp and Rainbow to PRSV
HA and YK
Plants of homozygous SunUp and hemizygous Rainbow,
which express the CP gene of PRSV HA 5-1, were resistant to
Page 5
PRSV recombinants and transgenic papayaPRSV recombinants and transgenic papaya
Table 1. Infectivity of tissue extracts from non-transgenic
papaya inoculated with PRSV HA, YK or HA-3?YK
Non-transgenic papaya plants at the 5–6 leaf stage were inoculated on
the lowest two leaves. Leaf extracts (1:20 dilution) from inoculated
papaya were taken 15 days after inoculation and applied to leaves of
Chenopodium quinoa. The position of each leaf was designated at the
time of inoculation. Numbers of local lesions are means from four
inoculated Chenopodium quinoa leaves. Differences in numbers of local
lesions were not significant (α?0?05). Analyses were done with the
SAS general linear models and Tukey's studentized range test.
Local lesions produced by PRSV
VirusLeaf 2 from topLeaf 3 from top
true-leaf stages (Table 2; Fig. 3A). In contrast, transgenic
plants challenged with PRSV YK at either young or older
developmental stages showed severe mosaic symptoms (Table
2; Fig. 3B), although symptom expression was delayed
compared with non-transgenic plants. Rainbow showed 2–3
day and 4–6 day symptom delays, respectively, at the young
delays, respectively, when challenged at the young and older
Recombinant viruses induce differential symptoms on
Transgenic plants were challenged with PRSV HA-3?YK,
which contained the whole viral genome from HA except that
Table 2. Response of papaya plants inoculated with PRSV isolates HA and YK and hybrid
virus HA-3?YK
Symptoms at 45 days p.i. are scored as: NS, no symptoms; Sev, severe symptoms; M, mild symptoms. The
frequency gives the number of plants with symptoms?number of plants tested.
RainbowSunUp Non-transgenic
VirusPapaya growth stage*FrequencyTypeFrequencyTypeFrequencyType
* Papaya plants were inoculated at the 5–6 true leaf stage (young) or the 10–12 true leaf stage (old).
† Mild symptoms with vein flecks.
‡ Mild symptoms with few yellow spots.
the CP gene, 200 nt of NIb and 209 nt of the NCR were from
YK. All of the inoculated Rainbow plants became infected and
young stage (Table 2; Fig. 3C), whereas only 27% (12?44) of
the SunUp plants became infected, and these plants showed
mild symptoms consisting of vein flecks (Table 2). Symptom
development was delayed by 4–6 days in Rainbow and 14–20
days in SunUp compared with non-transgenic plants. When
transgenic plants were challenged at an older stage, 72%
(13?18) of Rainbow plants became infected, showing milder
symptoms with some yellow spots on the leaves and less leaf
distortion, and symptoms were delayed by 11–22 days. None
of the transgenic SunUp plants inoculated at the older stage
developed symptoms.
All six recombinant viruses with various segments of YK
CP (Fig. 1) induced severe symptoms on Cucumis metuliferus
and non-transgenic papaya (Table 3), but variable reactions
appeared on Rainbow and SunUp plants. None of the
recombinants with only partial CP sequences of YK were able
to infect SunUp with the exception of recombinant YK-SN,
which infected only 16% of the inoculated plants and caused
very mild symptoms, consisting of a few small yellow spots
(Table 3). However, Rainbow plants that were challenged with
these recombinant viruses developed a range of symptoms,
which were milder than those caused by HA-3?YK (Fig. 3D–F;
Table 3). The symptoms were grouped into three types. Type
I symptoms (Fig. 3D) were characterized by extensive vein
clearing on leaves early in the test (45 days p.i.) and leaf
distortion at a later stage (90 days p.i.). Type II symptoms (Fig.
3E) were less severe than type I and consisted of many vein
flecks in newly developed leaves (45 days p.i.), with variable
symptom expression later on (90 days p.i.). Type III symptoms
(Fig. 3F) consisted of a few vein flecks at 45 days p.i., and the
new leaves were symptomless at 90 days p.i.
Page 6
C.-H. Chiang and othersC.-H. Chiang and others
Fig. 3. Symptoms of transgenic Rainbow plants inoculated with different viruses. (A) NS: No symptoms, inoculation with HA.
(B) Sev: Severe symptoms caused by YK. (C) Sev: Severe symptoms, similar to (B), caused by HA-3?YK. (D) Type I: vein
clearing, typically caused by YK-SE, -EN and -SN. (E) Type II: many vein flecks, caused by YK-AE and YK-AS/EN. (F) Type III:
few vein flecks, caused by YK-AS. Plants were inoculated at a young (5–6 leaves) stage. Symptoms were recorded at 45 days
Table 3. Inoculation of Rainbow and SunUp plants with PRSV HA recombinants containing segments of the CP gene of
Inocula were from papaya plants originally infected with in vitro-capped RNA transcripts or subsequently from serially infected plants. Plants were
inoculated at the young (5–6 true leaf) stage. SE, Symptom expression. Symptoms were observed at 45 days p.i. and are scored as: NS, no
symptoms; Sev, severe symptoms; I, prominent vein clearing; II, many vein flecks; III, very few vein flecks; M, mild symptoms with few yellow
spots. Numbers of plants with symptoms?numbers of plants tested are also given.
Replaced segment
from YK to HA (bp)
transgene segment (bp)VirusRainbowSE SunUp SE SunriseSE
Recombinant viruses YK-SE, YK-EN and YK-SN caused
type I symptoms in 75–95% of the inoculated Rainbow plants.
These recombinants contained the YK fragments at the central
and?or the 3? end of CP and 3? NCR. Transgenic Rainbow
plants inoculated with recombinant virus YK-AS, on the other
hand, showed type III symptoms. It will be recalled that
recombinant YK-AS contained the full length of the HA
sequence except that the 3? end of NIb (200 nt) and the 5? end
of CP (263 nt) were from YK (Fig. 1). The recombinant viruses
YK-AE and YK-AS?EN respectively caused type II symptoms
Page 7
PRSV recombinants and transgenic papayaPRSV recombinants and transgenic papaya
Fig. 4. Analysis of viral RNA accumulation in the fourth (from top) leaf
from transgenic Rainbow (RB) and non-transgenic Sunrise (SR) plants.
Papaya plants were inoculated with HA, a Hawaii PRSV strain; YK, a
Taiwan PRSV strain, or the various recombinant viruses. The sample
labelled YK-AS1 was taken from the fourth (from top) leaf with very few
flecks. Sample YK-AS2 was taken from the second (from top) leaf without
symptoms. Fifty ng of in vitro transcripts from pT3-HAG was used as a
positive control. Mock, Inoculated with buffer. (A) Northern blot analysis of
total plant RNA hybridized with a32P-labelled, 1?2 kb DNA specific for
the 3? end of PRSV HA, including 200 nt of NIb, the complete CP and 3?
NCR. The positions of markers (in kb) are shown on the left. (B) Ethidium
bromide-stained gel.
on 70 and 43% of inoculated Rainbow plants. These recom-
binants had YK sequences for the first two-thirds of the CP
region and for the first and third parts of the CP region,
respectively (Fig. 1). Furthermore, plants infected with these
recombinants showed variable symptoms at 90 days p.i. For
example, 14 of 20 transgenic Rainbow plants challenged with
YK-AE showed type II symptoms at 45 days p.i. and 2 of 14
developed type I symptoms at 90 days p.i., while the other 12
plants showed recovery, with no symptoms or type III
symptoms on young leaves. Similarly, when YK-AS?EN was
inoculated to Rainbow, 9 of 21 inoculated plants showed type
II symptoms at 45 days p.i. However, at the later development
stage (90 days p.i.), three of these nine Rainbow plants
developed type I symptoms, five showed recovery and the
other plant remained with type II symptoms.
Northern blot analysis of total RNA from Rainbow plants
infected with different recombinants revealed that symptom
severity was correlated with viral RNA accumulation (Fig. 4).
Rainbow plants infected with YK-SE, YK-EN or YK-SN, which
caused type I symptoms, and YK-AE or YK-AS?EN, which
caused type II symptoms, had relatively high levels of RNA
accumulation (Fig. 4). In contrast, very little or no viral RNA
was detected in Rainbow plants infected with YK-AS (type III
symptoms). As expected, a large amount of viral RNA was
detected in non-transgenic plants infected by PRSV HA, while
no viral RNA was detected in Rainbow plants inoculated with
HA. The weaker signals in the YK- and HA-3?YK-infected
plants (Fig. 4) were probably due to the relatively low
similarity of the probe to the YK segment (described in
Methods). The probe was derived from PRSV HA, which has
88?8% sequence identity to YK in the corresponding region
(Wang & Yeh, 1997).
Since recombinant YK-AS induced very mild type III
symptoms in 70% (14?20) of inoculated Rainbow plants, we
wanted to determine whether higher doses of YK-AS would
infect a higher percentage of Rainbow plants and cause more
severe symptoms. Crude leaf saps from YK-AS-infected
Cucumis metuliferus plants diluted 1:5 and 1:10 were applied
onto papaya with 5–6 true leaves. Although 85% (6?7) and
50% (3?6) of the Rainbow plants inoculated with the 1:5 and
1:10 dilutions became infected, only type III symptoms were
Some Rainbow plants that initially showed type II
symptoms recovered at a later stage, with leaves being
symptomless, although the stems still showed water-soak
lesions. Virus was apparently still present in the stem tissue,
since ELISA analysis of six recovered Rainbow plants gave 2-
to 5-fold higher readings than mock-inoculated Rainbow
plants (A???of 1?8–1?0 compared with 0?4).
We have shown that Rainbow, a transgenic papaya that
expresses the CP gene of the mild mutant of PRSV HA, is
resistant to PRSV HA but develops severe symptoms when
infected with PRSV YK or with a PRSV HA recombinant
containing the full-length CP gene of YK. Furthermore, PRSV
HA recombinants with less than full-length CP gene segments
of PRSV YK induce severe symptoms on non-transgenic
papaya and variable, but on the whole milder, symptoms on
Rainbow. Interestingly, an HA recombinant with a YK CP
gene segment from the 5? region, which has the lowest
comparative nucleotide sequence identity to the transgene,
produced much milder symptoms than recombinants with YK
CP gene segments from the middle and 3? end. Thus, we show
for the first time that the virulence of recombinant PRSV on
Rainbow isinfluencedmoreby the positionthan by the degree
of sequence similarity between the recombinant CP gene and
the transgene.
Our conclusion that the virulence of our recombinants on
Rainbow is affected more by the position rather than the
degree of sequence similarity is based on several observations.
The YK-AS recombinant, which has a 263 nt YK segment with
87?5% sequence identity (33 mismatched nt) to the cor-
responding region of the transgene, induced very mild type III
symptoms on Rainbow, in contrast to the more prominent
type I symptoms induced by YK-SE and YK-EN recombinants,
which respectively have 92?3 and 91?9% nt identity to the
Page 8
C.-H. Chiang and othersC.-H. Chiang and others
transgene. Furthermore, the length of the YK replacement
segment does not account for the different symptoms induced,
since the YK segments in the YK-EN and YK-AS recombinants
aresimilar inlength(234and263 nt; Fig. 1).Also,the different
symptoms that the recombinants produced on Rainbow are
apparently not due to their inherent capacity to replicate, as all
recombinants produced severe symptoms on non-transgenic
A plausible explanation for the differential virulence of the
recombinants on Rainbow is that the PTGS mechanism is
transgene. Thus, recombinant YK-AS, which has 99?9%
identity to the middle and 3? end of the virus transgene, would
III symptoms) than YK-SN, which has only 92?2% identity to
the type I symptoms produced by the YK-SE and YK-EN
recombinants. Other investigations on homology-dependent
virus resistance have shown that the PTGS mechanism is
preferentially directed against the 3? end region of the
transgene (e.g. English et al., 1996; Metzlaff et al., 1997; Sijen
et al., 1996; Sonoda et al., 1999). On the other hand, reports
have shown (i) that the target sites of some transgenic lines are
et al., 1999) and (ii) that the 5?- and 3?-terminal coding regions
of the mRNA may be relatively inefficient targets for the
silencing machinery (Jacobs et al., 1999).
The suggested preferential PTGS targeting to the middle
and 3? end of the transgene does not account fully for the
intermediate type II symptoms induced on Rainbow by the
recombinants YK-AE and YK-AS?EN, which contain YK
(Table 3; Fig. 1). We would expect these recombinants to
produce type I symptoms, since other recombinants with YK
segments from the middle or 3? regions of the CP gene
produced type I symptoms. Furthermore, these type II
symptom-producing recombinants infected an average of 56%
(23?41) of the inoculated Rainbow plants compared with 89%
(54?61) of the plants inoculated with type I symptom-
producing recombinants (Table 2). Taken together, it seems
that the presence of the YK 5? CP segment reduced the
virulence of recombinants that would otherwise produce type
I symptoms on Rainbow. Furthermore, these recombinants
rules out the possibility that the differences in symptoms were
we have no explanation for this observation. It should be
noted, however, that plants with type II symptoms at 45 days
p.i. showed variable symptoms (type I or II or recovery; see
Fig. 1) at 90 days p.i. In contrast, plants with type I symptoms
at 45 days p.i. still had the same symptoms at 90 days p.i.
(Fig. 1).
Additionally, the differential virulence of the HA-3?YK
recombinant and YK on Rainbow and SunUp is difficult to
explain solely by the concept of homology-dependent re-
Rainbow and SunUp. Instead, HA-3?YK produced only mild
symptoms on older Rainbow and on young SunUp plants, and
did not infect older SunUp plants, whereas YK caused severe
symptoms on Rainbow and SunUp plants that were inoculated
at all stages (see Table 1). The observed differences are not due
to HA-3?YK being inherently less virulent than YK, as our
results show that HA-3?YK replicates and moves as well as YK
and HA in non-transgenic papaya (Table 1). Thus, our results
suggest that virus sequences or genes that do not correspond
to the transgene may affect the phenotypic reaction of the
transgenic plant. Several reports (Anandalakshmi et al., 1998;
Brigneti et al., 1998; Kasschau & Carrington, 1998; Voinnet et
al., 1999) have shown that HC-Pro of potyviruses can act as a
suppressor of PTGS. Thus, if the HC-Pro of YK is more
effective than the HC-Pro of HA in suppressing PTGS of
infected plants, YK would be expected to replicate better than
HA-3?YK in Rainbow and SunUp plants. The HC-Pro of HA
and YK share 86?5 and 95?6% nucleotide and amino acid
sequence identity (Wang & Yeh, 1997). The availability of
infectious clones of HA (Chiang & Yeh, 1997) and the stability
of recombinants that contain segments of HA and YK (this
work) will allow us to test experimentally whether HC-Pro
contributes to the above observation on Rainbow and SunUp.
We also show here that zygosity and development stage
affect the resistance of transgenic plants to recombinants. Our
results confirm and extend those of Tennant et al. (2001), who
tested Rainbow and SunUp with different PRSV isolates but
did not userecombinants. Others have shownsimilar effects of
zygosity and development stage on the resistance of other
virus–transgenicplantsystems(Goodwinet al.,1996;Janet al.,
2000; Pang et al., 1996), but the experiments were not done
with recombinant viruses.
Resistance-breaking strains could conceivably emerge
through recombination of PRSV strains from Hawaii with
transgenic papaya that express the CP or other genes of PRSV
strains that overcome the resistance of Rainbow or SunUp.
Thus, the Rainbow–PRSV system is a good model for
investigating critically the risk of viruses arising through
This work was supported in part by grants from the Biotechnology
Risk Assessment Research Grants Program (no. 97-39210-5005) and the
was partly supported by a fellowship from the Ministry of Education,
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Received 22 November 2000; Accepted 16 July 2001
Published ahead of print (27 July 2001) in JGV Direct as
DOI 10.1099/vir.0.17560-0


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I took out the varroa strips from my hive today, and had a check. The frames in the bottom box were very mouldy, so I have removed them, leaving the box empty. Built a stand to elevate the hive…Continue
Started by Maree W. Last reply by Gary and Margaret - Kiwimana Aug 19, 2013.
I am new to beekeeping. I did a beginners course and have a hive in my backyard but no bees yet. Is there a club in Rotorua or maybe Pyes Pa area in Tauranga? I am keen to collect a swarm but have…Continue
Started by Judy. Last reply by Sandra Lomas Jul 19, 2013.
Hi Jacqui,I got your question in an Oooby email but it doesn't seem to link to where you posted it so I am starting a new discussion. Hope you find it.Use branches of Wormwood (Artemisia…Continue
Started by Liz. Last reply by rosie walford May 14, 2013.
I live in the Auckland area and have been interested in Top Bar Hives for a while. I'd love to start keeping bees but before I do that I'd like to find a mentor who has experience with TBH beekeeping…Continue
Tags: natural beekeeping, TBH, top bar hive, beekeeping, bees
Started by Steff. Last reply by Janet Luke Apr 30, 2013.
Here is a short video on hiving a newly caught swarm of bees into a Top Bar Hive. I hope you find it useful.
Sorry the photo isn't the best, its hard to take clear photos with one hand while holding a frame of bees :)
But here is the first of this seasons honey from one of our hives, still not capped but should be very soon.
We were worried that the season wasn't going to start, but the bees have also filled up two full sized boxes which we leave for them for over winter.
The bees have been going crazy lately with all the cabbage trees flowering in the Waitakere ranges.
We better go and buy some new jars :)
See ya...Gary
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