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Shrieking Shack | |
Location information | |
Location | |
Permanent residents |
Affiliation |
- Hermione: "It's meant to be the most haunted building in Britain. Did I mention that?"
- Ron: "Twice."
- Hermione: "Oh. Do you want to move a bit closer ... to the Shrieking Shack?"
- Ron: "Actually, I'm fine here."
- — Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley discussing the Shrieking Shack[src]
The Shrieking Shack is an abandoned house in Hogsmeade. For many years, villagers thought it was haunted because they often heard screams coming from inside, and Albus Dumbledore encouraged the rumour, as he was the one who commissioned it, due to Remus Lupin's Lycanthropy.
According to Nearly Headless Nick, not ever will ghosts enter it. The Shrieking Shack's entrance from the Hogwarts Grounds is the base of the Whomping Willow. The trick is to poke the knot in the trunk, which goes in the tree. The secret passageway can be seen on the Marauder's Map.
In reality, the Shack was only used so that Remus Lupin would have a place for his monthly transformations into a werewolf in secret and in safety, during the time he was a student attending Hogwarts. The "shack" actually has no working doors or windows that allow entry or exit of the premises. The entrance is through a tunnel under the Whomping Willow on Hogwarts's school grounds. This allowed Remus Lupin (and James Potter, Peter Pettigrew, and Sirius Black) to pass between the two locations unnoticed (as Animagi or Werewolf).
In 1994, Harry and Hermione were led there when Sirius Black, as a dog, dragged Ron off into it. Harry then found out who had really betrayed his parents in there, and Scabbers's true identity was revealed.
The Shrieking Shack was later used by Lord Voldemort and several of his Death Eaters in 1998 as a hideout during the Battle of Hogwarts. The death of Severus Snape occurred in this building. It is unknown whether they knew that if they went down the stairs and through a passage they would be in the Castle Grounds next to the Whomping Willow.
The Shrieking Shack was an abandoned house, with the windows and doors boarded up. The rooms and halls were all dirty, covered with dust, and the furniture was moth-eaten and broken. There was a chair in the foyer of the Shack that had one of its legs ripped off.
Behind the scenes
- Severus Snape had a terrible history with the Shack. In 1975, Sirius Black told Severus that if he went under the Whomping Willow, he would find out what was wrong with Remus. This would have lead to his death, as Remus was in werewolf form. On 6 June, 1994, Severus was disarmed, and knocked unconscious. On 2 May, 1998, Severus was ultimately killed in the Shrieking Shack by Nagini under Voldemort's orders.
- In the film adaptation Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, Snape instead dies in the Boathouse.
- In the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the walls of the Shack are shown to slowly move.
- The Shack is shown more as a large two-story house instead of a shack.
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (First appearance)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
- Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) (Mentioned only)
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (Appears in flashback(s))
- LEGO Harry Potter: Building the Magical World
- LEGO Harry Potter: Characters of the Magical World
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
- LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7 (Name seen on sign)
- Harry Potter LEGO Sets
See also


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VIDEO – ICIS Americas Lunchtime Bulletin 18 January 2013
Here is the lunchtime bulletin for the Americas on Friday from ICIS. The Lunchtime Bulletin brings you all the latest chemicals and market news and pricing trends three times a day from the ICIS editorial centres in Singapore, London and Houston.
Asian Chemical Connections

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Cytology is a useful clinical tool for the investigation of disease processes and was originally developed mainly as a quick, cheap guide to the next step in the investigation or treatment of a lesion. In the past 20 years the techniques and their interpretation have developed into an entire discipline. This section is only a brief guide to enable practitioners to prepare samples and undertake basic interpretation. Most of this section refers to small animals, but the basic principles apply to all species.
Cytology should be considered a guide. Characteristics of the cells may not be sufficient in many instances to yield a definitive diagnosis or indicate the probable behavior of the lesion. These may require examination of the overall architecture of the tissue, for which cytology is not appropriate. If complex, expensive, or life-threatening therapy is being considered, then the diagnosis should if possible be confirmed by histology.
Full cytologic interpretation requires a good quality sample. A substantial minority of samples collected by practitioners are unsuitable for full interpretation. The technique appears to be simple, but consistently obtaining good-quality samples requires practice. If samples are sent to a laboratory for interpretation, sending more than one is recommended. In addition, staining and examining one of the preparations in house allows monitoring the quality of the samples taken and making a provisional diagnosis. This requires a good staining technique and a good quality microscope with a range of objectives, including oil immersion.
The stains and techniques employed for cytology preparations in a practice setting are the same as those used for hematology preparations. The traditional stains for cytology preparations are modified Wright's stain (Wright's-Giemsa) and May-Grunwald Giemsa. Over the past few years, good-quality rapid Romanowsky stains have been developed for cytology and hematology and are often used by professional veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Many different brands of rapid stain have been developed, so trying a number of products in order to see which stain is best suited to a practice is recommended. Poor preparations are not always the fault of the collection technique; the stain may be the problem. Many slides can be adjusted by returning a finished stained slide to the stain for deeper color reaction, or if overstained, can have some color removed by placing the slide in alcohol. Formalin-fixed cytology preparations must be stained with either H&E or Papanicolaou stain. If samples are sent to a laboratory for interpretation, indicate whether formalin has been added.
The aim of fine needle aspiration is to obtain a high cell harvest with minimal artifactual damage or blood contamination. The basic sampling kit consists of 21- and 25-gauge needles and 3-, 5-, and 10-mL syringes. Precise technique and choice of equipment depends on physical characteristics of the lesion and whether blood contamination is a problem.
The basic technique uses a 25-gauge needle and a 10-mL syringe. The needle is inserted into the lesion and repeatedly redirected to sample a number of areas while applying a small amount of suction on the syringe. Suction is released before withdrawing the needle. If suction is continued on withdrawal, the cell sample is violently sucked into the barrel of the syringe, causing cell rupture. Sample size is often very small and may only be present within the lumen of the needle and not in the syringe. When the sample has been obtained, the syringe is removed, filled with air, reattached, and used to gently express the sample onto a clean, dry, glass slide. Expressing the sample forcefully will rupture cells. Another slide is placed on top of the sample and pulled lengthways to spread the sample to a monolayer. Additional pressure should not be applied as this also may cause rupture of the cells. Thicker areas are not a concern; the edges will often be thin enough to examine individual, nonoverlapping cells. The sample should be air dried as quickly as possible to reduce the effects of shrinkage. This can be aided with the use of a hair dryer, but heating the sample must be avoided.
This technique can be adapted to different situations. If blood contamination is a problem, the size of the syringe and amount of suction can be reduced or the syringe removed altogether. In the latter case, the needle is inserted without the syringe and repeatedly redirected to sample the lesion. After withdrawal of the needle, the syringe is reattached and used to gently express the sample. This technique is also particularly useful for sampling fragile cells, such as lymphoid cells from lymph nodes. It has been shown that a far better cell harvest is obtained from splenic lesions with this technique than by applying suction. Blood contamination also can be a problem with bone marrow aspiration, due to excessive suction on the syringe. If blood contamination is unavoidable, the blood can be centrifuged. However if the sample is directly smeared, a feathered edge should be obtained as this is where the heavier cells from the tissue tend to congregate. Blood contamination can often be decreased with the use of a very fine needle (25 gauge); this increases the chance of collecting enough cells for interpretation.
Certain tissues tend to give a very low cell harvest. These are usually composed of mesenchymal cells (connective tissue) that tightly adhere to each other and therefore do not exfoliate easily. For these lesions, a larger bore needle and increased suction may be necessary. However, a needle with a bore >21 gauge will tend to provide a tissue core that is more suitable for histologic interpretation than cytology.
These are often used for ulcerated surface lesions. They are of limited value, because they usually only sample the surface inflammatory exudate and rarely include cells from deeper tissues. A better use of this technique is at the time of biopsy to give an immediate assessment of the lesion before fixation and processing of the tissue sample. The cut surface of the excised sample is blotted a number of times to remove surface blood and serum, and the dried surface is applied to a clean, dry slide with gentle pressure. A number of areas can be prepared on a single slide. The preparations should be quickly air-dried and then stained.
Once a body fluid (eg, urine, pleural or peritoneal fluid) is obtained, a cytospin preparation is by far the best method of cell concentration. Few practices have access to a cytospin, however, so centrifugation of the preparation and sampling of the centrifuged sediment is the usual method of cell concentration. Once the slide has been prepared, it should be rapidly air dried before staining.
If the fluid is to be sent to a laboratory, adding a few drops of formalin (the concentration is not critical) helps preserve cells and prevent bacterial overgrowth during transit. Severe bacterial overgrowth obscures the cells, and their metabolic products tend to destroy cells in cytology preparations. This is particularly useful for bronchoalveolar lavage samples and urine, which often contain infectious agents and are prone to bacterial contamination at sampling. The laboratory must be advised of the presence of formalin, which rules out the use of Romanowsky stains. Adding EDTA to help preserve cytology samples is often recommended, but the effect is minimal.
Cells in CSF samples degenerate very quickly and are usually present in very low numbers. Cytospin preparations are almost essential for CSF examination; this can usually only be achieved in a laboratory. The addition of a few drops of 10% formalin preserves the cells in CSF very well during transit.
The diagram provides an algorithm for cytology interpretation and covers the common questions asked by a clinician. From a clinical viewpoint, it is often not necessary to complete all stages of this algorithm. For example, a simple differentiation of inflammation from neoplasia may be sufficient to allow a decision on the next stage of case management. Full cytology interpretation may require the services of a professional laboratory, and a definitive diagnosis requires histopathology.
Fig. 1
Algorithm for interpreting cytology samples.
Recognition of basic inflammatory cells—neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells—is essential for interpretation of cytology samples. Some tumors contain a large number of inflammatory cells, but these are very uncommon, even when there is tumor necrosis. The presence of only inflammatory cells in a sample usually indicates a primary inflammatory lesion. Ulceration produces inflammation on the surface of neoplastic lesions, but even in this case the inflammatory cells normally do not extend deeply into the underlying neoplasm. A small percentage of mast cell tumors, however, are composed almost entirely of inflammation, hemorrhage, and edema with only a small number of mast cells. These can be difficult to identify even by histology.
These are the first cells to arrive in an area of inflammation, and they continue to be attracted to the site as long as the inflammatory stimulus lasts. Large numbers of neutrophils indicate acute inflammation and often are accompanied by smaller numbers of macrophages. This pattern is most often caused by infection or foreign body reaction, including furunculotic reactions directed against hair and keratin embedded in the soft tissue. The cells' cytoplasm may contain causative organisms or foreign material.
Macrophages arrive at a site of inflammation within 2–3 hr and are not necessarily an indicator of chronicity, although they often increase with time. They phagocytize bacteria and also larger structures, such as fungi, cellular debris, and foreign material. These cells are often associated with tissue destruction.
Macrophages come from circulating monocytes and have variable morphology. In the tissue, the cytoplasm greatly enlarges over time and usually becomes vacuolated. The nuclei become rounded. They can be multinucleated, especially with foreign body reactions and in longstanding lesions. Under certain circumstances, they may become epithelioid. These cells have oval or round nuclei and small, often indistinct, nucleoli. Their cytoplasm is expanded but uniformly stained and not vacuolated. They can look epithelial, and great care must be taken when interpreting cells such as this. However, they do not normally form clusters, which is a key factor in the differentiation from epithelial cells.
Macrophages are almost always seen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; they come from the alveoli and body cavity fluids (part of the modification process), joints (a normal component but increased in disease), and cyst contents (a nonspecific reaction).
Eosinophils have segmented nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. They vary slightly between species and are generally slightly larger than neutrophils. In cytology preparations, it can occasionally be difficult to distinguish poorly stained eosinophils from neutrophils. They are often seen in association with mast cells. Eosinophils are associated with allergies and also are prominent in parasitic diseases, superficial cutaneous viral infection in cats, and fungal infections. They are the predominant cell type in specific eosinophilic conditions such as eosinophilic granuloma in cats (rarely in dogs) and eosinophilic collagenolytic granuloma in horses. Some cases of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors have a very high proportion of eosinophils and very few mast cells.
Of the most commonly encountered veterinary species, rabbits and guinea pigs have inflammatory cells that are equivalent to neutrophils in other species, but have eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. These are called heterophils. They can be difficult to distinguish from eosinophils. The cellular equivalent to neutrophils in birds and reptiles are also heterophils with eosinophilic granules.
Lymphocytes are usually small with very little cytoplasm and smudged chromatin with no nucleoli. The almost-round nuclei are similar in size to those of red cells. Medium and large lymphocytes, which have a slightly more open chromatin pattern and more cytoplasm, can also be seen in inflammatory processes. Along with plasma cells, lymphocytes are part of the chronic inflammatory response and tend to arrive in tissue a few days after the acute inflammation has begun. They are, however, not specific for a particular stimulus and are mostly small lymphocytes. If mostly medium to large cells are present, lymphoma is a possibility. However, even large lymphoblastic cells can be seen in low numbers in inflammatory processes. Normal and reactive lymphocytes in body fluids often appear larger than the same cells from soft tissue.
These cells are large and often have larger numbers of nuclei with 1–3 small nucleoli and vacuolated cytoplasm. They develop from macrophages (see Macrophages) and tend to appear late in the course of inflammation. The cytoplasm should be examined for the presence of fungal organisms and for foreign material. These cells are usually seen in small numbers mixed with other inflammatory cells as part of a granulomatous reaction. Multinucleated cells are much less specific in birds and reptiles, in which they are common in many focal inflammatory lesions, irrespective of cause, and can appear quite early in the inflammatory process.
Fibroblasts are not inflammatory cells, but they are frequently seen in association with inflammation. They will proliferate as part of the repair reaction associated with any tissue damage and appear in an inflammatory lesion after about 2 days. Classically, fibroblasts and fibrocytes are elongated cells with pointed tails of cytoplasm. They have round or oval nuclei, indistinct nucleoli, and moderate amounts of uniform, pale blue-staining cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic boundaries are indistinct, giving a "wispy" appearance. When fibroblasts are aspirated from tissue, the cells often become round and lose their spindle shape, but a small number, especially cells in groups, retain their elongated shape. Reactive fibroblasts cannot be definitively distinguished cytologically from low-grade spindle cell tumors. If they are found in association with inflammatory cells, spindle cells are most often reactive, but neoplasia cannot be ruled out. Because fibroblasts and fibrocytes are the principal connective tissue cell, they are tightly adherent to each other, and cell harvest tends to be low.
Inflammatory lesions are characterized by cells from different populations. The presence of cells that are predominantly of the same population indicates normal tissue, hyperplasia, or neoplasia. Ideally, the first stage in the evaluation of a cytologic sample for neoplasia is to determine the tissue type from which the cells have come. If this is not possible, it is necessary to simply determine the likely behavior of the cells. This can often be done without specifically identifying the cell type. The following check list includes features that can be examined in order to determine tissue type and likely behavior of the lesion: 1) cell numbers, 2) cell distribution within the smear, 3) cell shape, 4) nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, 5) pleomorphism (both nuclear and cytoplasmic), 6) nucleoli, number, shape and size, and 7) cytoplasmic content such as melanin, metachromatic granules, fat, etc. Classification of the cell type and likely behavior may require a tissue biopsy. With few exceptions, histology will be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
There are 3 basic tissue types: epithelial, mesenchymal (supporting or connective tissue), and round cells.
These are round, cuboidal, or polygonal and tend to adhere tightly to each other and exfoliate in clusters or sheets. They have a sharp cytoplasmic outline and exfoliate in moderate numbers. Cells with more than one nucleus are uncommon.
These are tightly adherent cells and usually exfoliate in low numbers as single cells or very small aggregates. They are classically spindle shaped but usually round up and become plump when removed from the body, particularly when they are lying singly within the smear. The spindle shape is often more apparent in small aggregates. They tend to appear "wispy" due to indistinct cytoplasmic boundaries. Binucleate cells are not uncommon.
These cells have little or no adherence in the body. They typically exfoliate in large numbers and lie individually in the smear without clumping. Cells of this category include mast cells, lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and cells of transmissible venereal tumors.
To distinguish benign from malignant tumors, the amount of variation in certain characteristics within the cell population must be assessed. As a general rule, the more malignant the cell, the less differentiated it becomes and the more variation there is within the cell population. Benign tumors have cells that are often uniform in size with a uniform nucleus:cytoplasm ratio; they strongly resemble or are identical to the cell of origin. The more malignant the cells become, the more variation is seen in these criteria. Nuclear criteria are the major indicators of malignancy.
Criteria for malignancy include the following: variation in cell size and shape, increased cell exfoliation, increased nuclear size, increased nucleus:cytoplasm ratio, variation in nuclear size and an increase in multinucleated cells, increased mitosis with abnormal mitotic figures, a coarse and often clumped chromatin pattern, altered shape of the nucleus due to close approximation of a nucleus from an adjacent cell (nuclear molding), and large and often multiple nucleoli of irregular and abnormal shape. There are a number of exceptions to these indicators, and in such situations histology is essential for full interpretation.
Thyroid carcinomas usually have fairly uniform, well differentiated cells. A diagnosis of carcinoma can be made simply on the size of the mass in dogs (but not in cats) and capsular and soft tissue invasion. Major features of malignancy, such as capsular, soft tissue invasion and vessel invasion, can only be identified histologically. Other tissues in which it may be impossible to differentiate benign from malignant cells include apocrine gland carcinomas, basal cell tumors, melanomas, and proliferative lesions of the liver.
Unlike most malignant tumors, lymphoma is commonly characterized by a uniform population of cells that are larger than normal lymphoid cells. Variation in morphology, therefore, is not necessary for a diagnosis of malignancy with this tissue type.
Some normal structures, such as hepatoid glands, have more than 1 cell type (reserve and terminal cells) and can therefore show variation in morphology; a minority of benign tumors of hepatoid gland can have a similar mixture.
Many mammary tumors can show marked variation in cell morphology but histologically would be classed as benign. Indicators of mammary tumor behavior are architectural features, such as local tissue invasion and invasion of vessels. These cannot be assessed using cytology. These exceptions often make cytologic interpretation unreliable, particularly for these types of tissues.
Most spindle cell tumors do not metastasize but are locally aggressive and often difficult to remove. The criteria for malignancy are often less important with respect to the behavior of these tumors than for the epithelial tumors.
Some specific features of cytology preparations can provide a more accurate interpretation of the sample. Listed below are some common results and their interpretation.
These are seen in benign lipomas and mature body fat. It is not possible to differentiate these cytologically. Fat cells are mesenchymal cells, and because they tend not to exfoliate well, they are usually present in low numbers. If a sample has come from the center of a nodular mass, fat cells are diagnostic for lipoma.
It is usually not possible to differentiate reactive spindle cells from those of spindle cell neoplasia. Indicators of neoplasia include absence of a reactive stimulus, such as inflammation or hemorrhage, and a higher cell population with more numerous and larger clumps of cells. Greater variation in cell morphology indicates more aggressive behavior.
This includes nucleated and terminally differentiated non-nucleated squamous epithelial cells. Keratin can be a contaminant from the surface of the skin of the animal or the skin of all handlers of the sample and is a common artifact. It can also be sampled from cutaneous keratin-filled cysts, which are always benign and very common, particularly in dog skin. Large, densely packed clumps of keratin in restricted areas in the center of the slide suggest that keratin is not an artifact but has been sampled from the lesion.
Blood is a common artifact of fine-needle aspiration but can also come from blood-filled spaces in tissue. These can be nonneoplastic, such as hematomas or severe bruising, or neoplastic lesions such as hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas. The presence of spindle cells does not adequately differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic causes of hemorrhage (see Tumor Evaluation). Blood that has come directly from the vascular system normally contains significant numbers of platelets. Using a 25-gauge needle can help decrease blood contamination. Blood is almost always seen in aspiration from parenchymatous organs, such as the liver, spleen, kidneys, and bone marrow.
Lack of cells is a common problem of fine-needle aspiration. If the technique is practiced properly, absence of cells can indicate mesenchymal cell proliferation (including lipomas), as these are tightly adherent cells that do not exfoliate well.
The most important of these is the mast cell, given that mast cell tumors are common in dogs. These are medium-sized cells with round nuclei. With Romanowsky stains the granules are dark blue or purple, small (about the size of bacteria), and usually found in large numbers in the cytoplasm. Less-differentiated mast cells have fewer granules, but cytology is a poor method of grading these tumors. The cells are fragile, and often there are large numbers of granules in the background that have been released from damaged cells. In dogs, eosinophils are often present and very occasionally can be the dominant cell type; however, they are less common in other species. Mast cell tumors in horses have similar cytology to those in dogs, but in mast cell tumors in cats cells are often smaller, more uniform, and have less distinct granulation.
Thyroid cells can also have dark granules, usually blue or black. These tyrosine granules are small, low in number, and can be difficult to see. Larger black granules are associated with melanomas. Cytology cannot differentiate benign from malignant melanomas; however, melanomas on haired skin in dogs are usually benign and those on nonhaired areas, such as the lips, feet, and mouth, are usually malignant. Basal cell tumors also often contain cells with melanin, especially in cats. These tumors are usually benign and cytologically can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from melanomas. Melanin can also be seen in macrophages, sometimes in large amounts, but it is usually in much larger clumps within the cytoplasm rather than fine granules that are seen in melanocytes. Very fine magenta granules can sometimes be seen in osteoblastic cells from osteosarcoma. Golden, granular material accumulates in the cytoplasm of macrophages when there has been hemorrhage into soft tissue. Liver cells can sometimes contain bile, which stains very dark, and occasionally long thin strands of dark material can be seen where canaliculi have become filled with bile.
A large, single vacuole is seen in fat cells. In normal or benign cells the nuclei are small and often indistinct, the cells are often folded like a collapsed ball. Smaller cells with larger, more prominent nuclei and some cytoplasm in addition to clear, often small vacuoles are more suggestive of malignancy.
Cells with multiple, small vacuoles with a foamy appearance include macrophages, sebaceous glandular cells, and salivary cells. It can be very difficult to differentiate these; the site and other clinical features can be a deciding factor in the interpretation.
These cells include mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, histiocytic cells, and transmissible venereal tumor cells. Mast cells have distinctive granules within the cytoplasm and are usually easily distinguished, except in the cases that have few or no granules in the cytoplasm. Lymphoid cells classically have a very high nucleus:cytoplasm ratio; few other cells have this feature. Neoplastic, lymphoid cells are medium size to large, with a nucleus at least 1.5 times the size of an RBC. Nucleoli are often multiple, sometimes quite prominent. However, the rare cases of small cell lymphoma have cells indistinguishable from normal lymphocytes.
Cells of a histiocytoma are not especially histiocytic cytologically. They are round cells with a moderate amount of pale-staining cytoplasm. They are fairly uniform and have nuclei that are eccentric within the cell. Nucleoli are indistinct. Histiocytic cells are slightly more problematic to interpret. These are part of the cell line that includes the antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and Langerhans cells, but can range from inflammatory and reactive cells to highly malignant round cell tumors. They tend to be larger than the other round cells with more cytoplasm, sometimes are vacuolated, and can have oval or indented nuclei. Infiltrates of histiocytic cells are often problematic, even with a full-tissue biopsy examination, and always require histologic examination to assess behavior.
Neoplastic plasma cells include cells of myeloma. These are usually well differentiated and have most of the characteristics of normal plasma cells. When neoplastic, they are found in large numbers with few other cell types present. Benign nodular proliferations of plasma cells, plasmacytomas, show more marked pleomorphism and often differ markedly from normal plasma cells. Many have a slightly histiocytic appearance, and these can be difficult to distinguish cytologically. These cells have a round nucleus and a coarse chromatin pattern, which sometimes becomes clumped around the nuclear membrane. The nucleus is often eccentric with an intensely basophilic cytoplasm and paranuclear pale Golgi zone.
Cells of transmissible venereal tumors tend to have a moderate amount of cytoplasm (more than found in lymphoblasts), often with small vacuoles. Nuclear chromatin is coarse, with 1–2 fairly prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures are often numerous. Unlike most cytology preparations of neoplastic lesions, they tend to have moderate variation in the nucleus:cytoplasm ratio.
Normal, hyperplastic, and early neoplastic lymph nodes have a mixed population of cells. Cells are predominantly small lymphocytes with variable numbers of medium and large lymphoid cells and some plasma cells. A uniform population of cells indicates neoplasia. Lymph node aspirates often have a population of cells that are much paler staining and larger, with some cells completely losing their cytoplasm. These cells are in varying stages of degeneration and should be ignored. Size in comparison with RBC is useful. Normal mature lymphocytes or small neoplastic lymphocytes (rare) have nuclei the same size as RBC. Blast cells, however, have nuclei at least 1 ½ times the diameter of RBC. However, lymphomatous lymph nodes may still contain a significant number of normal lymphoid cells. The proportion of smaller mature lymphocytes must then be compared with the larger immature cells in order to differentiate hyperplasia from neoplasia. The proportion considered significant varies, but as a general rule most cytologists consider a diagnosis of lymphoma when immature cells are >50% of the cell population. Some cytologists require a higher percentage of immature cells, particularly if there is only 1 lymph node enlarged. If there is doubt, a biopsy should be performed. Histopathologic confirmation of diagnosis is essential if therapy for lymphoma is considered.
Submandibular lymph nodes are often difficult to assess. They drain the buccal and nasal areas and are subject to strong antigenic stimuli. They frequently undergo hyperplasia, often histologically atypical, especially in cats. Cats also develop unusual neoplastic conditions affecting this node, such as the T cell-rich B cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's-like lymphoma. For these reasons, great care must be taken in the interpretation of lesions involving the submandibular lymph nodes, as false negative and false positive results for neoplasia are not uncommon.
Aspirates from suspected enlarged submandibular lymph nodes often yield only large foamy cells. These cells are of salivary gland origin. This result can be due either to sampling error or to hypertrophy of the salivary gland in cases of sialoadenosis. The cause of sialoadenosis is not understood, but a significant minority of submandibular aspirates contain these cells.
Meaningful analysis of fluids from body cavities requires total protein (measured with a handheld refractometer), total cell count, and a differential of cell types present (see Table 1: Characteristics of Transudates and Exudate). Pure transudates are rare because they rapidly become modified by leakage of fluid from lymphatics or blood vessels and attraction of mixed inflammatory cells. Transudates attract activated macrophages with varying numbers of nondegenerate neutrophils. The lymphocytes that may also be present are classified as small, but most look slightly larger than circulating lymphocytes and are part of the reactive process of the fluid in the body cavity. In addition, when fluid accumulates in the body cavity, the lining mesothelial cells proliferate and are shed into the fluid. These cells are large, often multinucleated, vary in appearance, and often are seen in groups with large nucleoli. They sometimes form grape-like clusters with a narrow, pale space between the cells. These features are usually considered to be associated with malignancy, but in this case, the cells are simply reactive and not neoplastic. Care must be taken to differentiate these mesothelial cells from neoplastic cells within the body fluid. A small number of these cells typically have a corona around the cytoplasmic envelope (giving a fuzzy outline); this is a distinguishing feature of mesothelial cells.
Table 1
Total Protein (g/dL)
Cell Count (cells/mL)
Modified transudate
Mesothelial cells can be present in very large numbers, especially in pericardial fluid. Malignant mesotheliomas are rare in domestic species, but it is not possible to differentiate neoplastic from reactive mesothelial cells on cytologic examination. The degree of polyploidy is not a distinguishing feature.
Mixed inflammatory cells increase in number as a transudate becomes modified and are present in large numbers in an exudate. Mesothelial cells would be expected in this type of sample, and it can therefore be useful to look for a second population when checking for neoplasia. Smoothly demarcated aggregates of atypical cells with no narrow spaces between the cells may indicate a second population of carcinoma cells.
Respiratory epithelial cells are seen in BAL from normal and diseased animals. The epithelial cells may retain their original structure with a ciliated surface and basal nuclei, but they often appear round with indistinct cilia.
Macrophages are usually the dominant cell type in BAL from normal animals. These come from deep in the alveoli and are part of normal defense mechanisms. They greatly increase with fluid accumulation in the lung (eg, cardiovascular insufficiency) and in inflammatory conditions, where they are accompanied by other inflammatory cells. Debris, foreign material, hemosiderin, RBC, and microorganisms can sometimes be seen in the cytoplasm of these cells. There are increased numbers of macrophages in many subacute and chronic lung disorders.
In normal dogs and cats, Neutrophils contribute <5% of cells in BAL preparations. Neutrophils are nonspecific inflammatory cells in the respiratory system and do not necessarily indicate infection. They can be the most numerous cells in an inflammatory reaction, even in cases of allergy. However, when neutrophils are present, the cytoplasm should always be examined carefully for the presence of any infectious agent. Bacteria can also sometimes be seen in the extracellular parts of the smear, but extracellular bacteria are often contaminants from the pharynx.
Great care must be taken to differentiate eosinophils from neutrophils in BAL preparations because the granules are often faint and difficult to identify. Eosinophils can comprise up to 5% of cells in BAL from normal dogs but may reach 10% in normal cats. Eosinophils that comprise >10% of cells indicate an allergic respiratory disease, although lungworms and heartworms can also cause this reaction. With lungworm infestation, larvae are sometimes present as large coiled structures.
Nucleated and nonnucleated squamous cells are commonly seen in BAL preparations and are often associated with bacteria on the cell surface. This indicates contamination from the pharynx. Bacteria are normal inhabitants of the pharynx, in particular Simonsiella, which are very large, ladder-like organisms. Their presence confirms contamination from the pharynx. If bacteria are present along with squamous epithelial cells, it may not be possible to conclude whether the bacteria are from the respiratory tree or the pharynx. Bacteria in the cytoplasm of neutrophils confirms a significant infection.
Full examination of synovial fluid should include protein content, mucin clot formation, and other factors. It is usually not feasible to perform these tests in a practice setting. Cytology is often all that is necessary for an interpretation, however, particularly when the clinical signs are also considered. Normal synovial fluid contains small numbers of joint mononuclear cells. Cell counts in normal animals vary widely (eg, 0–4,400/μL in dogs). Counts >500/μL in dogs generally indicate a significant rise in cell number. Normal synovial fluid usually contains ~2 cells/high power field (400× magnification).
Macrophages increase with any damage to a joint, especially in cases of degenerative joint disease. Cytoplasmic vacuolation of these cells, and especially the presence of phagocytosis of debris or RBC, indicate macrophage activation, a feature not seen in normal joint mononuclear cells. In degenerative joint disease, synovial fluid often contains only macrophages.
Hemorrhage is common in synovial preparations but is frequently an artifact. It may also indicate hemarthrosis. Although not always the case, in true hemarthrosis RBC may be seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Blood contamination will also include WBC, such as neutrophils, which can make it impossible to fully interpret the inflammatory cells within the joint.
Neutrophils are seen in both septic arthritis and autoimmune joint disease. These 2 conditions can usually be differentiated by the clinical history. In septic arthritis, bacteria are sometimes found within the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells. Absence of bacteria, either within cytology preparations or by culture, does not rule out bacteria as a cause of arthritis. As indicated above, neutrophils can come from the blood with blood contamination.
The cytology of nasal flush preparations is similar to that seen with BAL preparations. A small number of respiratory epithelial cells are usually flushed out along with exudate. A predominance of eosinophils may indicate inhaled allergens, parasites, or fungi and may occasionally indicate bacteria or neoplasia. The presence of eosinophils in the nasal cavity therefore is less indicative of a specific process than in some other sites, eg, the trachea or bronchi.
Neutrophils are the most common exudative cell but, as with BAL, often indicate secondary infection. In the case of intranasal neoplasia, cells with neoplastic characteristics (see Neoplasia) may be present, but absence of these cells does not rule out neoplasia. Only a minority of neoplastic processes erode the overlying respiratory epithelium and allow exfoliation of neoplastic cells.
Similarly, absence of fungal hyphae within the preparation does not rule out fungal infection. Unless fungal plaques are sampled directly for both cytology and culture, false negative results are high. Viral inclusions are rarely seen.
This can be used to identify the various stages of the canine estrous cycle, but results must be interpreted in conjunction with the animal's behavior. A sample of exfoliated cells is obtained from the vaginal vault cranial to the urethral orifice with a cotton-tipped swab or glass rod. Cells are gently rolled onto a glass slide, air dried, and stained. Features to be identified include neutrophils, bacteria, RBC, and types of epithelial cells present. Epithelial cells (in increasing order of differentiation) are parabasal, small and large intermediate cells, and superficial cells. Parabasal cells are small, with central round nuclei, indistinct nucleoli, a relatively narrow band of cytoplasm, and a nucleus:cytoplasm ratio of ∼1:1. Small intermediate cells have a similar nucleus but a much larger amount of cytoplasm. Large intermediate cells have a similar nucleus with very large amounts of cytoplasm and an angular, irregular outline. Superficial cells also have large amounts of cytoplasm, but their nuclei are pyknotic (small and contracted) or absent.
The stages of the estrous cycle change gradually. If a preparation does not conform exactly to a specific part of the cycle, judgment must be made regarding what stages are present. In proestrus, all types of epithelial cells are present along with neutrophils, RBC, and mucus. As proestrus progresses, the epithelial cells increasingly approach terminal differentiation (superficial cells) and neutrophils slowly decrease. Bacteria are often present in large numbers. In estrus, >90% of epithelial cells are superficial cells, with no background mucus. There are large numbers of bacteria, but no neutrophils. In diestrus, parabasal and intermediate cells are >80% of the total epithelial cells. Variable numbers of neutrophils and bacteria are present but usually fewer than in proestrus. It can be difficult to differentiate some stages of proestrus from diestrus. In anestrus, parabasal and intermediate cells predominate. Neutrophils and bacteria are rare. RBC are not helpful in differentiating the stages of estrus.
Interpretation of CSF cytology is difficult because it can be hard to obtain enough well-preserved cells for examination before the sample deteriorates. Cell counts in normal CSF are low (0–5 cells/μL in dogs and 0–8 cells/μL in cats). There is a large variation in cell counts between individuals; counts can also vary between cysternal and lumbar taps in the same individual. Because the albumin level of CSF is ~20% of that found in serum, the cells that are present rapidly degenerate. Cell counts should ideally be carried out and morphology examined within 1 hr of collection.
Due to the low cell numbers, the use of an automated cell counter is usually not appropriate. A hemocytometer can be used for cell counts and a cytocentrifuge for cytology preparations. A simplified sedimentation technique (description of which is beyond the scope of this text) for concentrating cells onto a slide is suitable for practice use. The presence of >1–2 nucleated cells in a plain smear of CSF should be considered potentially significant.
In CSF, an increase in nucleated cells is called pleocytosis. There is tremendous variation and overlap in both the degree of pleocytosis and the types of cells present in both infectious and noninfectious conditions in the CNS. Interpretation should be integrated with the other clinical details of the case. If neutrophils and/or macro-phages are present, the cytoplasm of the cells should be searched for bacteria and fungi. The absence of organisms or pleocytosis does not rule out infection, and noninfectious conditions in the CNS can also produce a neutrophilic pleocytosis.
Apart from lymphoma, it is rare to find neoplastic cells in CSF. If noninflammatory cells are present in the CSF, they should be interpreted using the basic principles detailed above.
Urine can be examined as a wet preparation or as a dried cytology smear. Because of the absence of staining in a wet preparation, these are better limited to examination for crystals and RBC. Although nucleated cells may be seen, in most cases they cannot be identified and are better examined using a dried cytology smear.
There are at least 10 common forms of urinary crystals. Identification is not discussed here, but may be readily accomplished by use of good reference illustrations. (Also see Urolithiasis in Small Animals.)
Because cells in urine rapidly degenerate, particularly if bacteria are present, centrifuged preparations of urine samples should be examined rapidly after sampling. If this is not possible, boric acid is often added to urine to prevent degeneration and bacterial overgrowth. A better preservation method is the addition of a few drops of formalin; however, Romanowsky stains cannot then be used.
Normal urine usually has very few nucleated cells. Single urothelial cells are occasionally present. Squamous epithelial cells are also seen in urine and come from the terminal urethra, vagina, vulva, and preputial epithelium. Squamous metaplasia of bladder epithelium following chronic inflammation is rare.
Neoplastic cells in urine samples are almost always epithelial. They are rounded polygonal cells, often clumped, with marked variation in morphology. Uniform cells are more likely to be normal. Mildly pleomorphic cells can be associated with hyperplasia (eg, some cases of polypoid cystitis).
RBC are commonly seen with neoplastic and inflammatory diseases of the bladder but are also often seen without an indication of other pathology. This can be a sampling artifact but is also a common finding in cases of interstitial cystitis. In cats, this term is often used synonymously with feline urologic syndrome, but interstitial cystitis also is seen in dogs and humans, suggesting other unknown pathogenic factors that can cause this condition. Persistent hematuria without cytologic evidence of neoplasia or inflammation may indicate interstitial cystitis.
Also see Urinalysis.
Although cytology is a popular method of investigating liver disease, there is disagreement on its usefulness. Blood contamination is found in most samples and may overshadow inflammatory infiltrates. Diagnosis of many hepatic diseases relies on architectural features and the distribution of the changes within the liver rather than on the morphology of individual cells. Finally, in some hepatic disorders hepatocytes proliferate without significant changes in their individual morphology (see below). These factors limit the amount of information that can be obtained from cytology of liver tissue.
Sampling methods are similar to those used for other organs. Sampling is usually performed under guidance of ultrasound, but blind sampling can be performed at the 10th intercostal space at the level of the connection of rib to rib cartilage. Bleeding during this procedure is not a significant risk.
In the normal liver, hepatocytes are plump, polygonal rounded cells with a diameter of 25–30 microns. Nuclei are central and round with a single large, prominent nucleolus. A few cells are binucleated. There is a large amount of blue-staining cytoplasm that usually appears granular.
Changes in the metabolism of liver cells can be seen within the cytoplasm. The presence of numerous small, discrete vacuoles or one large vacuole indicates accumulation of fat. This has several potential causes and is prominent in feline hepatic lipidosis syndrome. Enlarged hepatocytes with a clear-staining cytoplasm but no discrete vacuoles are characteristic of excess glycogen storage. This is most often caused by increased levels of circulating steroids.
Bile stasis and pigment accumulation (eg, iron) can also be assessed by examination of the cytoplasm. Hepatocytes normally accumulate lipofuscin pigment, noted as small, fairly uniform, dark-staining granules, whereas bile and often hemosiderin tend to appear as slightly larger dark-staining bodies within the cytoplasm. Bile accumulation within the canaliculae (canalicular plugs) can also occasionally be seen. These appear as black ribbons on the surface of hepatocytes.
Cytologic interpretation of inflammation is difficult because of the inevitable blood contamination of samples. Inflammation should only be considered significant if it is present within clusters of hepatocytes. Although the individual inflammatory cells can be recognized, it is not possible to indicate which part of the liver is principally affected. Neutrophils can be seen in diffuse hepatitis and also in more focal cholangitis. Small, mature inflammatory lymphocytes are usually seen in periportal inflammatory conditions, such as lymphocytic pericholangitis in the cat and chronic active hepatitis in the dog. Phagocytic cells should be investigated for the presence of organisms within the cytoplasm, but this is uncommon in liver disease.
Primary proliferative nodular hepatocellular lesions include regenerative hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, adenoma (hepatoma), and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biliary proliferations can appear as cysts, adenomas, or carcinomas. Bile duct cells tend to be smaller than hepatocytes with less cytoplasm. They are cuboidal or low columnar cells that occasionally produce tubular structures within cytology samples. The cytoplasm is also more uniformly pale staining and not significantly granular. Nucleoli are smaller and less distinct. Significant cell harvest from cystic bile ducts is uncommon because the majority of these lesions are simply cystic space rather than cellular. If a significant number of biliary epithelial cells are obtained, neoplasia is a possibility.
Hepatocellular proliferation is a difficult area of interpretation, because hepatocytes in benign proliferative lesions are very similar to those in well-differentiated carcinomas and often cannot be differentiated. Only in cases with poorly differentiated pleomorphic cells can an adequate interpretation be made. False-negative results for proliferative lesions within the liver are common. Cytology is thus of limited value for nodular hepatocellular lesions.
Cytology can be a useful technique for diagnosis of round cell tumors. Even with severe inflammatory lesions, lymphocytes are present in low numbers and are generally small, mature lymphocytes. A large population of medium and large lymphoid cells indicates lymphoma.
The other common round cell tumor that can affect the liver (particularly in cats but also occasionally in dogs) is mast cell tumor. Because the granules within mast cells are metachromatic, diagnosis is usually easy. Aspirates of normal liver may contain a few mast cells, but in neoplasia they are usually present in large numbers. If other cells are obtained from cytology preparations, they should be interpreted using the principles listed above.
Normal renal aspirates have almost a pure population of renal tubular cells. These are medium-sized cells of ~17–20 microns with central nuclei, small indistinct nucleoli, and a moderate amount of pale-staining cytoplasm. In cats, lipid droplets within the cytoplasm are a common, normal feature. The cells can be present either singly or in clusters and can occasionally be seen as tubular structures. They sometimes contain small dark granules within the cytoplasm.
Renal lymphoma is the most common neoplastic disease of the kidney in cats and dogs. Because the cells are usually widely distributed within the tissue, false negative results with cytologic examination are uncommon. Diagnosis can be made using the criteria described above. Primary renal tumors are uncommon.
Cystic lesions include renal cysts, most commonly seen in cats but also occasionally in dogs, and hydronephrosis. In both disorders, cell harvest is usually low, with a large amount of fluid. The cellular component of the sample is rarely helpful in identifying further the nature of the cystic structure.
The majority of inflammatory lesions in the kidney are chronic and produce fibrous connective tissue. Cell harvest from these lesions is usually exceedingly low, and cytology is not normally a useful technique. Pyogenic inflammation can sometimes be diagnosed. Cytology may be of value in diagnosing feline infectious peritonitis, although diagnosis using serologic techniques is more common. Because of the usually severe and widespread nature of the inflammation, cell harvest is usually high. The wide mixture of inflammatory cells present, along with an appropriate history, are typical of the disorder.
Cytology is useful for differentiating inflammatory from neoplastic nodular lesions within mammary tissue. Mammary tumors are not commonly inflamed.
Neoplastic lesions must be interpreted using the criteria listed above (see Neoplasia). The criteria that are generally used to determine the behavior and prognosis of a mammary tumor are assessed histologically rather than cytologically. However, cellular morphology is not necessarily a good guide to tumor behavior. The two principle prognostic features of mammary tumors are local tissue invasion and invasion of blood vessels in both cats and dogs. In the cat, the size of the malignant tumor is also a useful prognostic indicator.
Last full review/revision March 2012 by Trevor J. Whitbread, BSc, BVSc, MRCVS, DECVP
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50 Romantic Midwest Getaways
The Villas at Gervasi Vineyard, Canton, Ohio
Stucco walls, stone fireplaces, flat-screen TVs and large travertine-tiled baths with heated floors deck the 24 suites that opened to complement the on-site restaurant. In the morning, guests brew Italian java and then enjoy fresh-baked breakfast treats (delivered in a charming wooden box) at the communal table in the shared living room. From $179. (330) 497-1000; gervasivineyard.com
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Chicago destinations
The Langham Chicago (pictured) Impeccable service begins when a Chanel-suited staff member greets you in the Mies van der Rohe skyscraper in River North. Fine art graces the walls, and the 316 guest rooms (complete with marble baths and rain showers) are some of the most spacious in the city. Take your stay to the next level with the River North Romance package, which includes complimentary champagne, breakfast for two and discounts at luxe Chuan Spa. (312) 923-9988; chicago.langhamhotels.com
Waldorf-Astoria Chicago It's a boutique hotel that, frankly, doesn't feel like a hotel. And it's a thoughtful place to settle in with that special someone. Rooms boast plush king beds and amazing bathrooms that come standard with mosaic-tiled walk-in shower and a deep soaking tub; many rooms have gas fireplaces and balconies. Dine at Balsan, a classy European-style bistro highlighting the region's finest flavors. (312) 646-1300; waldorfastoria.com
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French Lick, Indiana: French Lick Resort
Celebrate your time together at the French Lick Springs Hotel (bottom photo) or West Baden Springs Hotel (top), both part of deluxe French Lick Resort in southern Indiana. Have a romantic afternoon tea under the 600-foot glass dome of the West Baden Springs Hotel. At either resort, guests love the spacious rooms, spa with couple's massages, restaurants, golf and hiking. Read Midwest Living's review. (888) 936-9360; frenchlick.com
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Davenport, Iowa: Hotel Blackhawk
Overlooking the mighty Mississippi, rooms are opulent Art Deco. After a dinner at Bix Bistro, try the hip bowling alley in the basement or sip on cocktails while listening to a pianist. Read Midwest Living's review. (563) 322-5000; hotelblackhawk.com
Tags: - Photo Courtesy of Steve Eliasen.
Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin: Sundara Inn and Spa
The resort, named for the Sanskrit word for beautiful, hides among tall pines on a winding road outside the Dells. Float through a seamless series of hot tubs, steam rooms and heated towels. Privacy is as complete as you want. Couples can take massages in the candlelit Spa Together room. Waiters carry champagne to couples at the poolside fire bowl. Though Sundara provides free chauffeur service to area entertainment, you might not choose to leave. Read Midwest Living's review. (888) 735-8181; sundaraspa.com
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Galena, Illinois, destinations
Inn at Irish Hollow (pictured) Fireplaces, whirlpools, hot tubs and a gourmet breakfast will pamper you in the luxurious accommodations at this inn. Choose from five private guest houses or three rooms in the main inn. Guests can also opt for a seven-course candlelit dinner. Hiking (and in season, skiing) trails beckon those who want to explore nature, and nearby Galena holds many attractions as well. Read Midwest Living's review. (815) 777-6000; irishhollow.com
Eagle Ridge Resort and Spa There are plenty of reasons to plan a trip to Eagle Ridge. You arrive to chocolates, a long-stem rose and champagne. Outdoorsy types can choose horseback riding, hiking, biking and then relaxing in the spa. On-site dining and other amenities mean you wouldn't have to leave Eagle Ridge; tt would be a shame, though, to pass up the chance to browse in nearby historic Galena. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 892-2269; eagleridge.com
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Chetek, Wisconsin: Canoe Bay
Couples come to hide away on honeymoons or rekindle relationships in 23 rooms and cottages around Lake Wahdoon. Favorite activities include canoeing (of course), hiking or snowshoeing on the 280-acre couples-only property, taking horse-drawn carriage or sleigh rides at a nearby farm, having in-room relaxation massages and reading (the resort has an extensive library). Breakfast comes to rooms discreetly, adding to the atmosphere. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 568-1995; canoebay.com
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Lutsen, Minnesota: Lutsen Resort on Lake Superior
Ski or kayak season, this place has the après activity down. After a candlelight dinner, unwind in front of your room's fireplace or in the whirlpool. Special occasions warrant even more special touches. (800) 258-8736; lutsenresort.com
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Beiger Mansion
Mishawaka, Indiana: Beiger Mansion
A solarium, an outdoor pool and a workout room might eventually pull you away from the sleigh bed, the layers of pillows and custom-made bathrobes at this Neoclassical limestone home. Eventually. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 437-0131; beigermansion.com
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Hocking Hills, Ohio, destinations
Inn and Spa at Cedar Falls (pictured) Rekindle romance at this charming lodge. Each of the inn's 12 cottages sits on its own 2 wooded acres; each is outfitted with a deck and a whirlpool hot tub. Gourmet meals round out a weekend of shopping, massages and owner-recommended naps! Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 653-2557; innatcedarfalls.com
Glenlaurel Inn Couples head here to enjoy each other and nicely appointed cottages and rooms, some with hot tubs and some with two-person whirlpools. Guests can make reservations for five- or seven-course dinners. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 809-7378; glenlaurel.com
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Branson, Missouri: Big Cedar Lodge
This resort encourages you to elope with a package including ceremony, cake, champagne, flowers and dinner. Everyone loves the attentive service and upscale pine cabins along Table Rock Lake, which make this resort an ideal place to snuggle up by the fire. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 225-6343; big-cedar.com
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Thompsonville, Michigan: Crystal Mountain Resort and Spa
Head to the mountains for some romance. This resort offers packages including dinner for two with wine as well as in-room wine and strawberries. By day, golf, mountain bike, ski, tour wineries and more. The 18,500-square-foot spa promises head-to-toe pampering and wellness. Read Midwest Living's review. (885) 995-5146; crystalmountain.com
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Alton, Illinois: Beall Mansion
The level of by pampering and attentive service matches the aesthetics at this elegant and well-maintained mansion. Sumptuous accommodations include whirlpool tubs and fireplaces in many rooms. They'll help couples celebrate honeymoons and anniversaries with special packages. Read Midwest Living's review. (866) 843-2325; beallmansion.com
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Dubuque, Iowa: Hotel Julien Dubuque
Built in 1839 in what is now known as Old Main District, this recently refurbished boutique hotel caters to couples with its Romance is in the Air package, consisting of wine, a massage and certificate toward dinner in Caroline's Restaurant. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 798-7098; hoteljuliendubuque.com
Tags: - Photo Courtesy of Louis Penfield House.
Willoughby, Ohio: Louis Penfield House
Twenty miles east of Cleveland, experience a three-bedroom Frank Lloyd Wright Usonian house set on 30 wooded acres as if it is your own. Spend the evening by the fire appreciating Wright's style after a hike along the Chagrin River, which cuts through the property. Read Midwest Living's review. penfieldhouse.com
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Stillwater, Minnesota: Rivertown Inn
A stay at the Rivertown Inn feels just like slipping into the pages of a Victorian novel. Each of the nine intricately decorated suites and bedchambers are named for a 19th-century novelist, poet or literary figure. Especially dazzling: The Agatha Christie Grand Suite (pictured) with its Tiffany-style lamps, elegant fireplace and private outdoor garden terrace. Indulgent multicourse breakfasts include dark chocolate pancakes with Belgian chocolate sauce. Read Midwest Living's review. (651) 430-2955; rivertowninn.com
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St. Louis: Moonrise Hotel
This hip, retro boutique hotel is a great choice for spending the night in the Delmar Loop district. It's so hip that the name of its couple's package is Peace, Love and Breakfast in Bed! Read Midwest Living's review. (314) 721-1111; moonrisehotel.com
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Cincinnatian Hotel.
Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnatian Hotel
The stylish Cincinnatian Hotel makes an excellent base for a romantic getaway. Book dinner at the renovated 1890s hotel's Palace restaurant or the newer Jean-Robert's Table. Or indulge in room service, popcorn and a movie and never leave your room. (800) 942-9000; cincinnatianhotel.com
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Red Wing, Minnesota: Round Barn Farm Bed and Breakfast and Bread
A warm greeting from innkeepers Robin and Elaine Kleffman sets the tone at this serene escape which includes five suites in a reimagined 19th-century farm home. After a delicious multicourse breakfast, take a fascinating tour of the namesake round barn on the property. Unwind in the Hearts and Flowers Suite, complete with a rose-decorated king bed and two-person heart-shaped Jacuzzi. Guests take home a cute loaf of bread in the shape of the round barn. Read Midwest Living's review. (866) 763-2276; roundbarnfarm.com
Tags: - Photo Courtesy of The American Club Resort.
Kohler, Wisconsin: The American Club Resort
Celebrate or retreat at this five-star resort. The star of the luxurious rooms is the bed, plush with pillows and draped with a down comforter and Italian sheets. Spa services, meals and special touches make for romance. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 344-2838; americanclubresort.com
Tags: - Waterleaf. Photo courtesy of The College of DuPage.
Glen Ellyn, Illinois: Inn at Water's Edge
At the College of DuPage's Culinary and Hospitality Center, white-tablecloth dining and a luxe hotel make for a romantic overnight getaway. Savor intricately crafted dishes like prosciutto-wrapped monk fish at Waterleaf fine-dining restaurant, then check into a room on the third floor of the same building on campus. Six guest rooms offer plush beds and oversize showers; expect trays of chocolate truffles at turndown and free espresso in the lounge. If you're in the mood for arts, the adjacent McAninch Arts Center stages a colorful palette of art displays and performances. waterleafrestaurant.com; innatwatersedgehotel.com
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Ozarks destinations
Garden House Bed and Breakfast (pictured) Guests enjoy whirlpool rooms and private balconies at this modern, spic-and-span B&B. Bright and airy rooms overlooking Lake Ozark offer a perfect spot for unwinding. A full breakfast is served in the dining room, or you can have it delivered to your room or private patio. Read Midwest Living's review. (573) 365-1221; thegardenhousebnb.com
Stonewater Cove Resort Guests looking for a quiet, secluded immersion into the Missouri Ozarks will enjoy the 500 acres of Stonewater Cove Resort, which in themselves are remote enough. But surrounded by thousands of acres of National Forest Service land, getting away from it all is truly possible here. All this peace with elegant accommodations. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 792-3956; stonewatercove.com/
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Vrooman Mansion
Bloomington, Illinois: Vrooman Mansion
Treat him, treat her, treat yourselves. They will customize packages to suit. Spend an evening in this 1869 Bloomington home and imagine the visits from Eleanor Roosevelt and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan. Breakfast stuns: a menu of seasonal fruit sprinkled with crystallized ginger, whole-grain waffles and eggs baked in a slew of herbs. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 346-6488; vroomanmansion.com
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New Buffalo, Michigan: Harbor Grand
Cozy guest rooms offer views of the harbor. Hike along the nearby sand dunes, then sate a guilty craving with 24-hour Ben and Jerry's delivery. Read Midwest Living's review. (888) 605-6800; harborgrand.com
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Lawrence, Kansas, destinations
The Eldridge (pictured) Stay in one of the 48 suites at this historic hotel, established in 1925. Have a romantic dinner at Ten restaurant or The Jayhawker bar, which serves more than 35 kinds of martinis. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 527-0909; eldridgehotel.com
The Oread New in 2010, the KU campus spot boasts gracious accommodations, a spa and on-site fine dining. Sip champagne and nibble on strawberries in your room then indulge in a massage. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 263-6347; theoread.com
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Duluth, Minnesota: Canal Park Lodge
Couples looking for an upscale city retreat love this new hotel. Balconies face Lake Superior's waves, and restaurants and shops fill a weekend. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 777-8560; canalparklodge.com
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Nebraska City, Nebraska: Lied Lodge
Just the two of you will be coddled while surrounded by natural beauty at this resort owned and operated by the Arbor Day Foundation. Plush and comfy rooms invite you to settle in for an anniversary package, which includes dinner. Read Midwest Living's review. (800) 546-5433; liedlodge.org
Tags: - Photo Copyright 2009 The Lofts Hotel.
Columbus, Ohio: The Lofts in Columbus
Pamper yourself at this luxury boutique. One package includes an overnight stay, dinner and breakfast, two chocolate massages, a rose petal turndown, and a champagne and chocolate nightcap. (614) 461-2663; 55lofts.com
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Hermann, Missouri: Alpenhorn Gasthaus
Built in the 1860s, this redbrick B&B indulges couples in many ways: private accommodations, gourmet meals, a hot tub under the stars and a wine cellar twinkling with candlelight (numerous proposals have taken place there). See Midwest Living's review. (573) 486-8228; alpenhorngasthaus.com
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Grand Marais, Minnesota: Gunflint Lodge
Snowy cross-country ski trails, cabins with hot tubs and excellent food compete for couples' attention at Gunflint Lodge, tucked into northeast Minnesota's wilderness. Packages cater to couples being romantic, celebrating anniversaries or on honeymoons. See Midwest Living's review. (800) 328-3325; gunflint.com
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Steever House B&B.
Lennox, South Dakota: Steever House Bed and Breakfast
A stay in the attic suite of this restored Queen Anne amid farmland means a cocoon of quiet and relaxation: fireplace, whirlpool tub and king-size bed. Breakfast on toffee scones or Dutch Babys (puff pancakes). (605) 647-5055; steeverhouse.com
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Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin: Blacksmith Inn on the Shore
Enjoy harbor views after a soak in a big tub at this cozy Door County spot. Nice extras at this Baileys Harbor lodge include in-room whirlpools and gas fireplaces, plus kayaks and bikes. Choose a package to suit your event: honeymoon, anniversary, or just a quiet getaway for two. (800) 769-8619; theblacksmithinn.com
Tags: - Photo: Andrew Bordwin, Courtesy of the Alexander.
Indianapolis: The Alexander
Let's say you're hip. Or want to be. Then it's time to check out this boxy glass boutique hotel with a superfriendly staff and a colorful bar near the mod lobby. The 209 sumptuous rooms and suites—many with featherbeds and granite counters—come with Keurig coffee makers and motion-sensor lighting. (317) 624-8200; thealexander.com
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Columbus, Indiana: The Inn at Irwin Gardens
This early-20th-century Italianate-style inn features the original furnishings and sunken gardens built to resemble the ruins of Pompeii, where they will set up romantic treats. Hide away in a luxurious room and indulge in hearty breakfasts. Read Midwest Living's review. (812) 376-3663; irwingardens.com
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Belvedere Inn
Saugatuck, Michigan: The Belvedere Inn
Pamper your partner with a Sweetie or Lover's package at this Saugatuck B&B that many say is like a mini Versailles. Each of the 10 guest rooms in the restored 1913 mansion has a fireplace to snuggle in front of. Gourmet breakfast is served in the formal dining room. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 858-5777; thebelvedereinn.com
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Kansas City, Missouri, destinations
Hotel Phillips (pictured) This Art Deco hotel was renovated in 2001 but kept its original 1931 design. Sweeping twin staircases and marble floors lead to comfortably elegant rooms. Check the website for romance packages that include wine, chocolates, flowers and more. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 704-5341; hotelphillips.com
Raphael Comfort, service and convenience are the watchwords at this rejuvenated boutique hotel in the middle of K.C.'s upscale Country Club Plaza shopping district. You can expect just the right amount of pampering at the recently renovated Raphael, from the moment the valet takes your keys until the end of the day, when you discover the chocolate chip cookies that accompany the turndown service. Rendezvous for dinner at Chaz on the Plaza for a romantic dinner. Read Midwest Living's review. (816) 756-3800; raphaelkc.com
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Nisswa, Minnesota: Grand View Lodge
Choose from rooms, suites, cabins and townhomes in Minnesota's Brainerd Lakes region. Huge stone hearths, the Glacial Waters Spa and massive windows overlooking Gull Lake beg couples to unwind. Read Midwest Living's review. (866) 801-2951; grandviewlodge.com
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Winona, Minnesota: Alexander Mansion Historic Bed and Breakfast
CD players hide in phonographs at this 1886 Victorian mansion. It's run by innkeepers who welcome you graciously, cook amazing frittatas and disappear when you need one-on-one time. All four tasteful guest rooms in this Mississippi River town B&B deliver sumptuous stays. Read Midwest Living's review. (507) 474-4224; alexandermansionbb.com
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South Haven, Michigan: The Victoria Resort Bed and Breakfast
Relax in luxurious rooms or guest cottages a short walk from the beach and South Haven's many restaurants, shops and other attractions. All rooms feature Victorian-esque décor, spacious modern baths and flat-screen TVs; deluxe rooms offer whirlpool tubs and gas fireplaces. You can borrow bikes to cruise around town as well as enjoy the B&B's pool and tennis court. See Midwest Living's review. (800) 473-7376; victoriaresort.com
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Milwaukee destinations
Pfister Hotel (pictured) Offering gracious service and style in the heart of downtown, this historical hotel specializes in honeymoons and lets couples escape from interruptions for a day. (800) 558-8222; thepfisterhotel.com
The Brewhouse Inn and Suites The former brewhouse in the late 19th-century Pabst Brewery Hotel complex has found new life as a hotel, with 90 spacious guest rooms surrounding an atrium with six enormous copper brewing vats. Beer and history lovers will enjoy the ambience of the hotel as well as a visit to Jackson's Blue Ribbon Pub in the same building and a tour of Best Place at the Historic Pabst Brewery just across the road. (414) 810-3350; brewhousesuites.com
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Michigan: Tamarack Lodge of Traverse City
Tamarack boasts a woodsy, "up north" aura. Rooms wear Arts and Crafts styling, reminiscent of the grand lodges of yesterday. The romance package includes a two-night stay in a room with a jetted tub, bottle of wine, couple's massage, and certificate to dinner. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 938-9744; tamaracklodgetc.com
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Lead, South Dakota: Spearfish Canyon Lodge
In winter, couples on a weekend getaway at this upscale resort in the Black Hills can rent snowmobiles to travel the 350 miles of groomed trails. In summer, they hike trails to waterfalls and canyon walls. When done, cozy up by the massive hearth in the lobby and rest on pillow-top mattresses. Read Midwest Living's review. (877) 975-6343; spfcanyon.com
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Fort Scott, Kansas: Lyons Twin Mansions
Enjoy comfortable accommodations, great food, and a spa and a fitness center at these twin Victorian mansions in a leafy Fort Scott neighborhood. Lushly decorated, spacious rooms include amenities such as Wi-Fi, stocked mini fridges and plasma TVs. Read Midwest Living's review. (620) 223-3644; lyonstwinmansions.com
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Oscoda, Michigan: Huron House Bed and Breakfast
The Huron House B&B, a 14-room couples-only enclave, offers luxury resort-style amenities such as huge four-posters with lush linens, fireplaces, Jacuzzis, wide-screen HD TVs, DVD and CD players, private decks and gorgeous views of Lake Huron. A complimentary breakfast (fresh croissants, coffee and juice) is placed outside your door each morning at your specified time. Read Midwest Living's review. (989) 739-9255; huronhouse.com
Tags: - Photo courtesy of Chateau De Pere.
De Pere, Wisconsin: Château De Pere
A 36-suite French country retreat stands 5 miles south of the area's biggest draw—the Green Bay Packers' Lambeau Field. Rich fabrics and king-suite fireplaces in this riverside property exude romance, and the on-site Cafe Chanson plates French delicacies in a casual setting. (920) 347-0007; chateaudepere.com
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With Einstein's publication of The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity in 1916 our view of the nature of the Universe was forever altered.
Engineers often consider mathematics a necessary evil rather than a pursuit in itself. The author of An imaginary tale, Paul J. Nahin, is therefore a rare find.
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson sat in the bows of a rowing boat and heaved on the oars in time with another young man who sat in front of him.
In their new book John Bryant and Chris Sangwin explore the complex problems and challenges facing engineers and mathematicians now and through the ages.
"Marvellous, surprising, crystal-clear, amazing, stimulating, delightful, fascinating" — this is how our reviewer described Nonplussed!, a book published last year by by the same author.
Ever wondered what mathematicians do all day? Finding Moonshine tells the story of a year in the life of the author, an Oxford professor known for his books, as well as radio and TV presentations of mathematics to the general public.


text: Looking for a consumer resource for National Physical Therapy Month (NPTM)? Check out APTA's new running e-book, The Physical Therapist's Guide to Healthy Running, with tips for preventing injury and improving performance. The e-book will be featured at APTA's Move Forward booth (#134/141) at the Marine Corps Marathon Health and Fitness Expo, October 27-29, in Washington, DC. Send a digital photo and a brief description of your NPTM celebrations to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Tue July 31, 2012
Police Use Their Heads To Hem In Runaway Hamster
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Good morning. I'm Renee Montagne. London police have their hands full with the Olympics, but they still had time to rescue Rolo the hamster. Rolo escaped from his cage, then a window, and was spotted scurrying down the street with a cat in hot pursuit. The Mirror reports two officers saved Rolo by throwing a police helmet over him. After that, it wasn't hard to find his 13-year-old owner. They spotted a sign in a window of a nearby home, reading: Beware of the hamster. It's MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.


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Students seeking certification at the graduate level will be required to complete admission processes for:
1. Admission to Texas A&M University - Texarkana
2. Admission to School of Graduate Studies and Research
3. Admission to Teacher Preparation Program for Initial Certification at Graduate Level
What are the eligibility requirements for graduate certification?
Students are eligible to apply for graduate certification when they have:
Out-of-country applicants to the teacher preparation programs must meet ONE of the following:
• Verification of satisfactory score on the Test of English as a Foreign Language—Internet Based Test (TOEFL-iBT). All four portions (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) are used to calculate the score. Only a passing score on the Speaking portion is required at this time. The acceptable passing score on the Speaking portion is 26.
• Completion of an undergraduate or graduate degree in the U.S.
• Completion of an undergraduate or graduate degree outside the U.S. where English was the primary language of instruction
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MS in Education /Concentration in Curriculum & Instruction - C&I (Advisor: Dr. Teri Fowler, email@example.com)MS in Interdisciplinary Studies - MSIS (Advisor: Dr. Gaynell Green, email@example.com)
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Graduate candidates will apply for certification at the same time applying for admittance into Graduate School for a Master's degree program (see Graduate School Admission Process). Candidates apply for initial graduate certification on TK20: https://tamut.tk20.com.
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Graduate candidates are notified of admittance when they have completed the following:
Candidates are eligible for Field Experience (Internship or Clinical Teaching) when they are admitted and have completed ED 506 and ED 508 or other approved courses. Please see Pt. 3: Field Experience.
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Four Ways to Modernize Your Application Performance Monitoring Strategy for Web 2.0 and AJAX
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Decorating your daugher's room can be a grand adventure for both you and your little girl. Start by picking out the right girls bedding and then select paint color and accessories that coordinate with your theme.The choices in kids' bedding is nearly endless. You will find patterns designed specifically for girls and some that are gender-neutral. Sports themed bedding, once considered the bastion of boys, is even available for you to choose from for your daughter.
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statins, cancer risk, AACR, Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference, American Association for Cancer Research
November 9, 2010 12:36 pm | by AACR | CommentsPHILADELPHIA — Researchers have further established that long-term use of statins is unlikely to substantially increase or decrease overall cancer risk, according to study results presented at the Ninth Annual AACR Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference, held Nov. 7-10, 2010,...
Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Increases Fracture Risk Among Prostate Cancer Patients
November 9, 2010 12:35 pm | by AACR | CommentsPHILADELPHIA — Men with history of fracture and comorbidities are at an increased risk of fracture after long-term use of androgen deprivation therapy, and initiating this therapy should be carefully considered in older men with localized prostate cancer.
Home Exposure to Tobacco Carcinogens High in Children of Smokers
November 9, 2010 12:35 pm | by AACR | CommentsPHILADELPHIA — Ninety percent of children who lived in a house where an adult smoked had evidence of tobacco-related carcinogens in their urine, according to research presented at the Ninth AACR Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference, held here from Nov 7-10, 2010.
Very Few Eligible Young Women Opt to Take HPV Vaccine
November 9, 2010 12:34 pm | by AACR | CommentsPHILADELPHIA — Despite strong evidence of its effectiveness, few of the young women who are eligible for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine take it, according to research presented at the Ninth Annual AACR Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research Conference, held Nov. 7-10. What's...
Gentiva Health 3Q profit falls on costs
November 9, 2010 10:45 am | by The Associated Press | CommentsHome health care services company Gentiva Health Services Inc. said Tuesday its third-quarter profit fell 47 percent on higher costs following the $1 billion buyout of hospice care company Odyssey Healthcare Inc.The company closed the buyout in August.Gentiva earned $8.1 million, or 27 cents...
Jefferson awarded multi-million dollar NIH grant
November 9, 2010 10:38 am | by EurekAlert | Comments(Thomas Jefferson University) Researchers in the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University were recently awarded a $2.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to study whether increasing participation in...
Symposium in Vietnam to discuss integrated approach to defeating diarrheal disease
November 9, 2010 10:37 am | by EurekAlert | Comments(PATH) Each year, diarrhea claims the lives of 1.3 million children under five worldwide. Fortunately, interventions exist that can greatly reduce deaths and save lives. To bring attention to the solutions available today for defeating diarrhea, the Vietnam Ministry of Health the...
2010 Prevention: "Cancer Prevention Among Women" Teleconference
November 9, 2010 10:36 am | by AACR | CommentsModerated by Judy Garber, M.D., M.P.H., president-elect of the American Association for Cancer Research and leader of the Center for Cancer Genetics and Prevention at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Prevention 2010: Interview with Avrum E. Spira, M.D., M.Sc.
November 9, 2010 10:34 am | by AACR | CommentsInterview with Avrum E. Spira, M.D., M.Sc., chief, division of computational biomedicine and director of the translational bioinformatics program at Boston University's Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Emeritus 5M-share offering priced at $18.25 each
November 9, 2010 9:45 am | by The Associated Press | CommentsEmeritus Corp. said Tuesday an underwritten public offering of 5 million of its shares was priced at $18.25 each.The company plans to sell 4 million shares, while shareholders will sell 1 million shares. Emeritus will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by shareholders.Emeritus has...
Study shows durable viral suppression of boosted REYATAZ in treatment-experienced HIV patients
November 9, 2010 9:36 am | by EurekAlert | Comments(TogoRun) Results from a European Observational Study, which included 1,294 antiretroviral-experienced patients presented today at the Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, demonstrated a low rate of discontinuation and sustained virologic suppression with...
Portable microwave sensors for measuring vital signs
November 9, 2010 9:36 am | by EurekAlert | Comments(American Institute of Physics) Current medical techniques for monitoring the heart rate and other vital signs use electrodes attached to the body, which are impractical for patients who want to move around. Plasma physicist Atsushi Mase, a scientist at Kyushu University in Japan,...
Synageva lands orphan drug status in Europe
November 9, 2010 9:36 am | by Mass High Tech: The Journal of New England Technology | CommentsSynageva BioPharma Corp. has won orphan drug status from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for its enzyme replacement therapy, SBC-102, to treat Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency.
MLSC opens second round of life sciences grant program
November 9, 2010 9:35 am | by Mass High Tech: The Journal of New England Technology | CommentsThe Massachusetts Life Sciences Center is accepting applications for its Cooperative Research Matching Grant Program, intended to help move scientific research from universities and research institutions into commercialized products.
Accuray shares fall on 1Q results
November 9, 2010 8:45 am | by The Associated Press | CommentsShares of medical radiation equipment maker Accuray Inc. fell Tuesday after the company said it fiscal 2011 first-quarter loss widened on a drop in revenue.The stock fell 62 cents, or 9.2 percent, to $6.15 in afternoon trading Tuesday. Shares have traded between $4.93 and $7.75 over the last 52...


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Joy's world comes crashing down when Fabian rejects her!
The kids of Anubis House are reunited for a new term and new adventures!
Eddie tells Fabian about his "day-mares"! Is Anubis House telling Eddie something?
All | Clips | Playlists |
Feelin' Funky? Watch how the Nick stars get down with the Funky Chicken.
Learn some awesome dance moves with your favorite Nick stars from House of Anubis.
NickGamer helps you unlock mysteries with fellow members of the group Sibuna!
Brad takes us behind the set of Anubis for some light hearted fun with Burkely and Alex.
House of Anubis star Jade Ramsey rocks out with her signature dance move, the 'One-Handed Jump!'
Jerome's hair gel goes missing? Victor lets everyone stay up ALL night? Here's what WON'T happen next week on House of Anubis!
Mara gets a B+ on her exam and Eddie chats with Corbiere. Here's what won't happen on the next House of Anubis!
Who knew Alexandra Shipp and Burkely Duffield had so much flow!?
One of Ana's Anubis castmates seems to have made a VERY smelly mistake on set...
See this exclusive, never-aired footage with Fabian, Patricia and Joy in House of Anubis! Or, maybe this is a Conversation That Never Happened.
It's non-uniform day and Joy is showing off her Amber-inspired outfit!
Fabian might know the identity of the mysterious person in the tank!
Amber gets caught by Ms. Denby snooping around! How will Amber get out of this situation?
Jerome is facing the consequences of eating all of Willow's food.
A house or a barn? What does the symbol of Pi mean for the Anubis gang?
Joy's world comes crashing down when Fabian rejects her!
Eddie tells Fabian about his "day-mares"! Is Anubis House telling Eddie something?
Alfie will do anything to keep Amber happy, even if he has to steal from Victor!
It's Amber's birthday, but nobody seems to notice!
The kids of Anubis House are reunited for a new term and new adventures!
If you need a new ride, head over to this shop for Polar Dogs, Motorbikes, Shellraisers and more!
Test your skills in this EPIC tower defense game featuring your favorite Nick stars.


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El Mercat
Studio apartment in the historical centre of Valencia. It is located right in the heart of the city, very close to the Town Hall Square, Central Market, Cathedral and the famous Barrio 'El Carmen', the area where you will find many restaurants, bars and discos in the city. This a lovely studio apartment in the historical heart of the city. It is located on the third floor of a building dating back from the 19th century. The superb location allows you to walk to the main sights the city has to offer. The area is awashed with restaurants, so you will be spoilt for choice. The flat has a kitchen, with microwave and with all the necessary utensils in case you wish to cook. Bed linen and towels are provided. Calle Cerrajeros is a pedestrian street off San Vicente Martir, two streets behind the famous Plaza Redonda. Check in time: Between 10:00 hrs and 18:00 hrs You can book the apartment any time before your arrival. Cancellations have to be made 72 hours before your arrival. Payment only by cash on arrival |
Availability & Rates
To view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'Cancellation Policy
This property has a 3 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.DirectionsShow MapHide Map
From the Train Station Estacion del Norte take the street towards the City Hall (Plaza del Ayuntamiento) , Then cross across onto San Vicente Martir St. After a few meters, to the left, is Calle Cerrajeros, a pedestrians only street. We are number 5.
Located Near
Situated very close to the Town Hall Square, Central Market, Cathedral and the famous 'El Carmen', the area of restaurant, bars and discos of Valencia.
Town Hall square, Central Market, La Lonja, Plaza Redonda, Cathedral, etc