text:
Monday, September 27, 2010
Paternal Haplogroup - R1b1b2a1a2f
This subclade within R-L21 is defined by the presence of the marker M222. It is particularly associated with male lines which are Irish or Scottish, but especially northern Irish. In this case, the relatively high frequency of this specific subclade among the population of certain counties in northwestern Ireland may be due to positive social selection, as it is suggested to have been the Y-chromosome haplogroup of the Uí Néill dynastic kindred of ancient Ireland.[30] However it is not restricted to the Uí Néill as it is also associated with the closely related Connachta dynasties, called the Uí Briúin and Uí Fiachrach.[51] M222 is also found as a substantial proportion of the population of Scotland which may indicate substantial settlement from northern Ireland or at least links to it.[30][52] Those areas settled by large numbers of Irish and Scottish emigrants such as North America have a substantial percentage of M222.[30]
From Moffat DNA Project (familytreedna):
Irish 1 - Members of this cluster are descendants of the semi-mythical Irish King, Niall of the Nine Hostages or one of his male relatives. Niall is thought to have lived in the late 4th and early 5th centuries. His prolific descendants ruled Ulster and Leinster between the 6th and 10th centuries A.D. This cluster shares a common ancestor with the Irish 2 cluster between 4,500 and 1,500 years ago. Members of this cluster share a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker at M222. The subclade is formally known as R1b1b2a1a2f2 and is especially associated with Scottish and Irish populations. It is likely to have entered Scotland through the Dalriadic migrations of the 6th to 8th Centuries A.D. (see Irish 2 below). Both clusters share the L21 SNP mutation that defines their common subclade.
Irish 2 – A member of this cluster completed extensive SNP testing of his haplotype in late 2009 confirming that members of this cluster have the R-L21 mutation that characterises haplogroup R1b1b2a1a2f. Members of this cluster share a common ancestor with the Ui Neill and Dalcassian Royal Families between 1,500 and 4,500 years ago in northwest Ireland, where these haplotypes are most prevalent. By ancient times, these Irish tribes had become a distinctly Celtic cluster of Iron Age farmers. They were known by Ptolemy, in the 2nd Century A.D. as the Voluntii. Modern scholars call them the Ulaid. By the 5th Century A.D., they had merged with surrounding tribes into a cluster called the Scotti, the people who gave their name to the modern nation of Scotland. Between the 6th and 8th Centuries A.D., this tribe established a kingdom on the west coast of Scotland called Dalriada. They eventually merged with the Picts to form the Kingdom of Alba, the precursor to medieval Scotland. It is very likely that members of this cluster came to Scotland between 500 and 700 A.D. from the region of Ulster, Ireland.
106 comments:
This is extremely interesting to me. I found that I am in the paternal haplogroup R1b1b2a1a2f. And who would have thought I would find this info out by doing DNA testing for possible health concerns?! This is interesting as well because I have hit a wall in my family research just before the Civil War. This predates that tremendously.
ReplyDeleteHi Wes - I'm R1b1b2a1a2f2, I'm a Malone. My father is Irish and I am trying to figure out what surnames are associated with this haplogroup, as it's a bit of fun. I live in NZ.
LMK if you want...
Thanks, Thomas.RepliesThomas: I'm R1b1b2a1a2f, same as you. My grandfather immigrated from Ireland and my surname is Lavin.
DeleteMy surname is Lynagh. Turlough Lynagh was the last king of ulster.
Sir TURLOUGH LUINEACHHere's my info R1b1b2a1a2f*. I too am a Lynagh.
I an trace my family to Meath 1839 and then it stops. Where is you family located? and Where did they orginate? Do you know?
K LynaghMy husband has this haplotype and his surname on his paternal line is Miller. He descends from Henry Miller and Rebecca Boggs, who emigrated from Derry, Ireland in 1757. We are trying to find more on Millers from this area in Ireland / N Ireland and Scotland. His Millers were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who came first to Lancaster County, PA and then migrated to Rockbridge County, VA. I am interested in sharing info with others interested in this line. Sharlene Miller firstname.lastname@example.com
DeleteMy surname is BARKER and my paternal haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f2, The problem is that I am not sure if "Barker" is the real surname for my paternal lineage.
My great grandfather Abijah Barker was an indentured child from an extremely young age. The story goes that he was so young when he went into service that he cold not remember his own name and took the name of his owner. I can't find any records about him or the Barker lineage earlier that 1860 when he first appeared in Camden, New Jersey, US.
We suspect he was sent over to the US from Ireland. The R1b1b2a1a2f2 haplogroup tends to support that.I am r1b1b2a1a2f* but from Spain. My dad is from Central Spain and my last name is not Irish. Could it be that I am related to Breogan? :) I wish the mythlegend was true. regards.
DeleteNot to forget the 24th September 1607. A bunch of Irish went to Spain including Owen Roe O'Neill. So Breogan or O'Neill that is the question.
DeleteHi, I am Portuguese and also a r1b1b2a1a2f*, still not sure about the meaning of the * though. I grew up as the only blond kid in the village with light eyes (green), several of my uncles have blue eyes. Clearly there is very non Portuguese characteristics. Our family name is Martins Lisboa and we come from Serra da Estrela.
DeleteMy paternal haplogroup is r1b1b2a1a2f* and my surname is Murray. My grandfather came to the U.S. (Gloucester, MA) from Argentia, Newfoundland. I have traced a couple more generations back in NF, but haven't been able to find the origins of my Murray family roots in Ireland. Now I have a better idea on where to look in Ireland/Scotland. Any other ...a1a2f Murrays out there?
DeletePedro, My father's mother was named Castello and I understand that the name came from Spain.
Re "Murray" my surname is "Morrison" which is found on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. The Morrison clan "moved in" with the Murray clan after some clan warfare. The Morrison green tartan is the Murray tartan with a red stripe added.
I also am from the R1b1b2a1a2f* haplogroup and my paternal grandfather came from Woodstock in Ontario, Canada
Thomas I am also a R1B1B2a1a2f2 and my surname is McGuinness what interests me is that Malon(e) is a name very intermingled with my family in the newry area of armagh (northern ireland).
ReplyDeleteRepliesR1b1b2a1a2f2 is also mine! My surname is: Blackwell.
Just to include for info: other names in ancestry: My father's mother's line=Fleming, Hazlett, my father's grandmother=Skinner, McLain.
My mother's father=Williams; My mother's mother,etc.=Coverdell, Williamson, Baldridge.That is also my family haplogroup and my family came from Newry. Our family name is Dickson/Dixon and they settled in NC, AL, WV. NC.
DeleteHi McGuinness,
Sorry about the late reply, I just happened upon this website again and noticed I had posted something!
My Dad is from Dundalk (b.1947), his Dad was from Carrickmacross. I'm pretty sure we have cousins up in Crossmaglen in Armagh. I think that Dad did some rudimentary family tree with cousins and all from that area, so I'll ask him to take a look. If you'd would like to email me at: email@example.com I can see if there's also a Malone/McGuinness link on our end.
Regards, Thomas Malone, Christchurch, NZ.
I'm R1b1b2a1a2f*, our paternal name is McCreary and we can verify our paternal bloodline as McCreary/McCrery/McCreery back to mid-1700s in what is now Marshall County WV. Family lore is that our ancestors were Scots Irish, but I've been unable to make that connection.
ReplyDeleteI'm R1b1b2a1a2f* as well. I have particular interest in this haplogroup because my g-g-grandfather (born 1750 in Edinburgh, Scotland)was a bastard child raised by his maternal grandparents and took his moms name. I (being an addicted amateur genealogist)look forward to finding my paternal relation...
ReplyDeleteSurname is "White" and family lore was that the origin of the family was in Ireland. They lived in Stokes County, North Carolina as far back as the 1790s and prior to that are difficult to trace with certainty.
ReplyDeleteRepliesMy father is from this paternal haplogroup as well. He is Oliver Miller White IV. He actually might be a fifth rather than 4th, but it seems that the 1st Oliver White left his family during the Civil War and his son was changed to 1st instead of Oliver M. White 2nd. My dad is a 3rd or 4th generation from New Orleans with Irish roots. The first Oliver M. White was from a northern state but not N. Carolina.
And Y-chromosomal haplotype is R1b1b2a1a2f* which seems to indicate Irish origin with some certainty.
ReplyDeletemy paternal uncle got his back but this haplogroup is probably from his mother's side as our surname Y line is truly English - mostly NE pilgrim stock. Is this possible?
ReplyDeleteLike some of the previous commenters I'm R1b1b2a1a2f* too. My g-g-g-g-grandfather, William Graham was born in Killiecrankie, Scotland in 1744 and emigrated to America via Belfast, Ireland with two brothers sometime in the early 1770's. By the late 1790's William was living in Kentucky. I don't know what became of the two brothers but William had a large family and many of his descendants ended up migrating west across the country to Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, and California.
ReplyDeleteI just received my Y chromosome results from 23and me indicating that my paternal line is R1b1b2a1a2f*.
While my maternal grandfather's mothers line were all
Canadian Hebridean immigrants this would have no baring on my paternal line.
I was told that my earliest know paternal ancestor George Hamilton Warren was most likely a lineal descendant Of James Warren the Scottish captive. The battle in which the latter was taken prisoner was in the Scottish Borders which I believe is mainly Saxon? to allow the said prisoner to be a Celt kindred member?Norman . Would there have been enough Celts in the Border areaRepliesFrom what I the DNA testing of Britons has shown,is that Saxons were concentrated more on the East of Britain, while the Celts on the West (which makes complete sense, seeing as the Saxons came from the East). So there's more chance he came from the West side of the border lands. However, we are only discussing probabilities, so it doesn't mean that there weren't Saxons in the West or Celts in the East...
My paternal haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f and my surname is Magor. My earliest paternal ancestor comes from Cornwall, England (extreme southwestern peninsula).
They say the common paternal ancestor of R1b1b2a1a2f comes from about 500 CE. So that's, what, like 60 generations ago? Given an infidelity rate of 2% per generation, I think there would be about a 30% chance of your surname coming from the common ancestor (if surnames existed then). If the infidelity rate was 3%, then that percentage would drop to about half of that.
Of course, our surnames originated hundreds of years after the common ancestor. There could be hundreds of surnames from this haplogroup. Unfortunately, most of those surnames do not even represent a direct paternal line.
Once you get to about 20-40 generations, it is just as likely you received your surname from someone who was not your biological paternal ancestor as it is that the man with that surname was your biological paternal ancestor.RepliesHi,
I beg to differ. Here's why:
R1b1b2a1a2f2 comes from Niall of the Nine Hostages, and he gave his name to what became the O'Neill clan (the most powerful ones in known Irish history, at that). Malones (O'Maileon), are said to have come from an O'Neill that joined the monastic ('mail') order of St John ('eon'). So, one would expect to see the R1b1b2a1a2f2 in a Malone. Sure, it could be that there was a g-g-g-g-g-grandmother who was infidel, or the victim or rape by someone of the R1b1b2a1a2f2 haplogroup, but this would be unlikely. The key thing is that I was aware that I was possibly a descendant of the infamous 'Niall' before I had my DNA sequenced; so, you can imagine how shocked I was when I googled "R1b1b2a1a2f2" and it attributed this haplogroup to 'Niall'. Furthermore, my research has shown that most Malones are R1b1. So, while not 100% conclusive, the evidence is still very consistent.
Regards, Tom.
Well, I'm the only one among you for whom Irish ancestry was a complete surprise... My father's father originated from Russian peasants from Tambov region of Russia. Maybe some viking brought these genes from Ireland to that region of Russia. Anyway, I lived in Ireland for several years and I'm fond of all things Irish, so this is a pleasant surprise for me :)
ReplyDeleteMy father is R1b1b2a1a2f with surname Symonds and earliest known male line relative born in Minsterworth, Gloucestershire, England in 1647.
ReplyDeleteRepliesmy paternal uncle is the same haplogroup...and one of our lines traces back to Simmons/Symonds...my GG Grandmother was a Simmons - and her family goes back to Moses Simmons/Symonds born in Leiden Holland [1604] and came on the ship Fortune to the Plymouth Colony in 1621.
MJ...no doubt we are cousins...way backI have the R1b1b2a1a2f* haplogroup. The family name is Simons. I grew up on a farm in northern Illinois. The paternal line is connected to the William Simons b. 1659 in Salem, MA. My genealogy guru sister hasn't broken through to any connection for William's parents yet. But I think from my English research, that he's related to the Symonds family in England. There was a offshoot of the family in the early 1600's that changed their first names and were extremist Puritans. A very likely group to travel across the pond at the time.
R1b1b2a1a2f* is my paternal halogroup. I am still learning a lot concerning genectics and such. My ancestors for at least the last 3 or 4 generations are from Kentucky. The last 3 generations mainly living in Southeastern Ky.
Our surname is Cox. We are also closely related to the Parker family.
If anyone would like information on my family tree I will gladly share.
Alexander CoxRepliesI have the same paternal halogroup. My great grandfather was William T. Cox, 1860 Census, Lee County GA. He outlived three wives: Julie Ane Templeton, Tabbitha Smith and Martha White (My GGM).
Jack CoxJack, I have just learned that my older brother and I do not have the same father. My Y testing at FTDNA shows that my line is most likely Cocoran, Cochran, Cockerman, etc... I would like to look at your GA relatives to see if any relate to me. Do you have an online tree? My email address is: email@example.com
My last name is Papasavas, my father was Greek and all his relatives are from Greece. I tested at 23&me and fall into the R1b1b2a1a2f Haplogroup. I am trying to figure out how my father inherited this grouping.
ReplyDeleteRepliesprobably through an adoption or infidelity, or premarital offspring, or a widowed woman with a fatherless child or even a sexual assault up in the lineage, and a subsequent adoption of the male offspring by the non-biological Papasavas father at some point - either way, it's a great bolt out of the blue!
DeleteHello, Frank,
I have a similar heritage My paternal haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f – however, my great great grandfather hailed from a small seaport near Thessaloniki, Greece (Macedonia coastal area on the Aegean sea, Thessalonica, the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the geographic region of Greek Macedonia).
Orville Boyd Jenkins, EdD, PhD.'s research indicates: "It appears the Macedonians were a mixed people too, and various commentators mention their blondness and light colored eyes even for Alexander the Great. Some references indicate red hair also… It is likely they did carry a stream of Celtic genes and culture. Another ancient writer comments that the Thracians were blue-eyed and blond. Thrace is the area east of Macedonia, what is now the European part of Turkey across the Bosporus Strait from Istanbul, and was incorporated into the early Macedonian Empire. The Macedonians, an already-mixed northern group of Hellenic speakers who first united all the Hellenes in the Macedonian Empire, were dominantly blond." "It is my reading of the historical indicators, however, that most of the current "blondism" in that region is attributable to the concentrated Norman (and perhaps Frankish along with other northern European Germanic peoples) infusion in the Middle Ages. These spread south and east during the era of the Crusades and the resulting Norman/Frankish kingdoms established in the Mediterranean and Middle East. The Normans were the last and most extensive Germanic group extending from their northern Viking habitat to the whole of Europe and much of Asia. Every royal family of Europe (excepting perhaps Turkey) has Norman heritage and genes. This is no secret. Hundreds and thousands of books have been written documenting this phenomenon and spinning out the stories and legends of the Normans. Normans and related lineages ruled Cyprus and much of western Asia for some centuries in the Middle Ages."
My mother's genealogy on the other hand is very English, Scottish and French -- she is the 39 great granddaughter of John of Brienne – born in Champagne, France - but as I studied his history, John of Brienne went on the Crusades and became King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople in the 1200 BC -- who knows how many offspring these crusaders fathered as they sailed and conquered the lands on their way to Istanbul.
My father had blue eyes and dark blond hair. -- his family's name was Avram -- son of Avram - surnames were not yet established in Greece -- so my grandfather was the son of his father's first name - Avramoff. - so I guess I am not totally surprised by the genealogy results, as my mother was attracted to his blue eyes. I am not totally flabbergasted that he is of this Irish, English, French descent -- R1b1b2a1a2f. I always wondered about my father's genealogy -- 23 and me has helped and I am so glad my brother was able to submit the test as he is the last of the male descendants. "You may not have my name but you have my blood ". So we enter the age that blood or actually DNA -- determines genealogical heritage -- it would be nice to have castles and land -- but I will take pride in my blue eyes, reddish blonde hair and freckles . My husband's family originates from Caraloon, Magherafelt, Northern Ireland from 1750's. So now I know why I have felt just as home as he did during our visits to Ireland and Northern Scotland :)
Kindest regards 'cousins', Jennifer Cauffield
Just got my 23andme results. Preliminary results for the Paternal line have the R1b1b2a1a2f* haplogroup... a big surprise to me, since as far as I knew my father's side was pureblood Acadien (they claim descent from Daniel LeBlanc, one of the original settlers of what is now New Brunswick).
Some research indicates this haplo can also be found in Brittany, though that's not the region of France I would expect (I'd expect Normandy, or central France).
Has anyone else heard or read about this haplo ending up in Acadien families? Or did one of my French Canadian great-grandmothers have a milkman from Nova Scotia (lol)?RepliesI'm of the same R1b1b2a1a2f* group. I've commented earlier to a Symonds family reference earlier in the discussion. The interesting origin of the Symonds family in England is around the turn of the first Milena, Adam Fitz Simon was the 2nd son of a landed family in Normandy. Lucky for Adam, he married into an English family that ultimately became the Symonds. So through a torturous discussion, I'm suggesting that Normandy should not be counted out for your family origins yet, just because of the percentage of haplogroup would be rare.
I am Michael MacNamara and I live in Ireland. R1b1b2a1a2f* (and H14a) and I appear to be 100% Irish, at least from the 1700s. I live in Ireland now.
I lived in Acadie, in Fredericton and Amherst NS. I knew one family called Bourque. This was originally Burke as irish immigrants but before that was De Búrca. De Búrca was the Gaelicized version of the Norman De Burgo. This name had originated as French,became Irish and then Anglicized before returning to French. Excuse the longwindedness but I found lots of Irish names that had changed to French when they joined Les Acadiens. That would add paternal Irish DNA to Acadie and I think there was plety of that.
email@example.com got my 23andme results. Preliminary results for the Paternal line have the R1b1b2a1a2f* haplogroup... a big surprise to me, since as far as I knew my father's side was pureblood Acadien.
I am in the same shoes as you. We (Roy) family can trace our male side back 10 generations in Acadie. All Acadian family names, no Irish. It would be interesting to know the % of Acadiens who can trace their lineages through this male Haplogroup
I think we all tend to look too short term here...from what I have gathered, it is more likely that you need to look back about 10 generations to see where they were to get a more accurate idea of locations. But more clarity would be welcomed. I think the common thread is the UK...and that would then include Norman invasion and the French backgrounds too....
ReplyDeleteHello Friends and Relatives,
I just found that I am also R1b1b2a1a2f from 23 and me, surname of Hamilton, with suggested origins in Scotland and Ireland, emigrating to Canada in the mid 1800's and then on to gods country in Rhode Island,
I am overwhelmed with the details and information gained, just from spitting into a tube and mailing it off.
All the best
Arthur HamiltonFellow R1b1b2a1a2f here. My surname is Wilkerson, and I can only trace my paternal line back to the 1720's in Virginia (Most of my Wilkerson line lived in Georgia). Like several people here, I was surprised to find such a distinctly Irish haplogroup, as I thought my surname to be Anglo-Norman (Wilkers, Wilkins, Williams, William etc etc). I've even traced the name back to a potential origin with the Norman conquest of Wales. But I suppose a patronymic surname is just that-- a name which can be applied to anyone, centuries after it's originator. I'm afraid the link between my surname and my genetic Irish history may never be edified.
ReplyDeleteIm an African American male. And tested my DNA to figure out which part of Africa my ancestors were from (since its pretty much impossible to trace without one). Nigeria and Congo were my results through 23andme. My overall results were 80% Sub-saharan African, 15% European, and 5% East Asian.
MTDNA= L2a1c (My mom)
Paternal= R1b1b2a1a2f (My dad)
Does that seriously mean, that I have slight Irish ancestry? My family originates from South Carolina and Savannah area of Georgia.My Paternal - R1B1B2A1A2F2
Great-great grandparents were James and Anne (Fawcett) McCort. They were Presbyterians from Norther Ireland, James from County Fermanaugh, Anne from County Tyrone. Anne came to America with her parents in 1814. James came in 1818 or 1819. They were married in 1821. They settled first in Washington County Pennsylvania, but soon settled in the area of Steubenville, Ohio. James changed the spelling of his last name from MacCourt to McCort when he arrived from Ireland.Frank,
None of us can be absolutely certain as to the purity of our line of descent, and I'm certainly not implying anything untoward in yours. But in the late 19th & early 20th centuries passenger ships embarking for the USA from continental Europe would often stop off at various ports in the British Isles to take on additional steerage passengers. While the adults of various ethnicities would pretty much keep to themselves on the voyage, it's not hard to imagine a beautiful teenage Grecian lass catching the eye of a strapping teenage Irish boy. By the time they land in New York and go their seperate ways, the girl is with child. The family will, of course, raise the child as their own.My R1b1b2a1a2f paternal halogroup surname is Pumphrey, and we've been traced back to the early 1400s, in Newnham and Little Dean near Gloucester in England. The name was originally "Pomfrey." The first Pumphrey in America built Burlington, West Jersey (now New Jersey) in 1678 with other Quakers, being among a second shipload of Quakers to arrive there after the first ship arrived in 1677. Migration was from New Jersey to Pennsylvania to Maryland to North Carolina to Kentucky for my line. From Kentucky, family lore has it that a father and his several sons intentionally split up and scattered with their families to different parts of the country, so that there are now little pockets of Pumphreys from my line living in far flung parts of the United States. My own Pumphrey ancestors stayed in Kentucky, however, where I was born in 1953.
ReplyDeleteR1b1b2a1a2f* results...... Curious what the * star means from 23andMe. My father's father's father supposedly came from Scotland with the last name of Roberts. Literally all I know. Does anyone know what the * designation means?
ReplyDeleteRepliesHere is the explanation from 23 and me: The naming of haplogroups is somewhat arbitrary. There are, however, a few rules. Most haplogroup names start with a capital letter (or two). Additional numbers and lowercase letters indicate haplogroups that are subgroups of the major haplogroup.
All lineages of a subgroup share one or more mutations. Sometimes there are a few lineages that don't fit into any subgroup of a haplogroup. Since there isn't a mutation that links these lineages, they don't get their own subgroup. Instead, these lineages are given the main haplogroup label plus a star (*) to indicate that they are part of the main haplogroup but don't fit into any of the known subgroups. Example of these "star" lineages include I1* - the Mendels paternal haplogroup - as well as E1b1a8a* (Desmond Tutu) and E1b1b1c1* (Napoleon Bonaparte).
"Star" lineages sometimes arise when a population grows rapidly. If your paternal haplogroup assignment ends with a star, your paternal lineage may have participated in such a population expansion. The age of the haplogroup indicates, roughly, when that rapid population growth happened.
Sometimes research leads to the discovery of mutations that link several of the "star" lineages. When that happens the lineages get a new name and lose their "star" designation.
We hope this is helpful to you.
Chris, I have the same paternal haplogroup: R1b1b2a1a2f*.
I too would like to know what the asterisk means.
In my family the paternal line here in America seems to be associated with the Welsh surname "Burton."
My maternal line is U5a1.
The company that analyzed my DNA describes U5a1 thus:
"Today U5a1 is most commonly found in places such as Norway and northern Germany."
This is puzzling, since the maternal line is from Italy, presumably rooted there for many generations--but perhaps not! Perhaps the arrival is fairly recent. More research is needed to sort out that conundrum.I got r1b1b2a1a2f Halogroup result in 23andme to. My all family comes from Portugal and has always lived there as far has I know.
if it can help anyone...RepliesIf you consider that Portugal, as seafaring nation, was trading with other Atlantic nations; it isn't hard to imagine admixture from the West of Ireland, in what is essentially the ancient equivalent of our main roads and railway lines. Galicia, just above Portugal, is the Celtic part of Spain, and they share many cultural norms with their British counterparts, so this makes absolute sense.
My Dad's paternal dna came back R1b1b2a1a2f and the family surname is Page. We believed it to come from England, but only have the Page's back to Colonial America so far. Does this mean it most likely is Irish? What is the difference between R1b1b2a1a2f and R1b1b2a1a2f2?
ReplyDeleteR1b1b2a1a2f* I think we are out of Wurtemberg, Germany, mostly. Ancestry.com leads me to believe the Fair(Fehr) family may have been part of the Anabaptist, Amish, Mennonite exodus in 1700's to Baltimore MD, on to Somerset, PA and Holmes, OH. Maybe the (*) explains the 1000 yrs back to King Niall
ReplyDeleteI am R1b1b2a1a2f2 from my paternal line (per 23andMe) and have the surname of BARKER. The problem is that "Barker" may not be the real surname of my paternal lineage. My Great Grandfather Abijah Barker was an indentured child and first showed up in an 1860 census at the age 5-7 living with a family with a completely different surname than Barker in Camden, New Jersey.
The family story goes that he was so young when he became indentured that he did not remember his own last name and took the name of his master. However, the name of the family with he lived in Camden, NJ was not Barker. It has been handed down that Abijah Barker may have come from Ireland, but I can find no records one way or the other about it. I cannot find anything about him or his lineage earlier than 1860.
So, knowing that I am in the R1b1b2a1a2f2 haplogroup tends to make me think that my Great Grandfather Abijah Barker really did come from Ireland.
Now, if there were only some way to figure out if Barker was his real last name....Hello, Frank, I have a similar heritage My paternal haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f – however, my great great grandfather hailed from a small seaport near Thessaloniki, Greece (Macedonia coastal area on the Aegean sea, Thessalonica, the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the geographic region of Greek Macedonia).
Orville Boyd Jenkins, EdD, PhD.'s research indicates: "It appears the Macedonians were a mixed people too, and various commentators mention their blondness and light colored eyes even for Alexander the Great. Some references indicate red hair also… It is likely they did carry a stream of Celtic genes and culture. Another ancient writer comments that the Thracians were blue-eyed and blond. Thrace is the area east of Macedonia, what is now the European part of Turkey across the Bosporus Strait from Istanbul, and was incorporated into the early Macedonian Empire. The Macedonians, an already-mixed northern group of Hellenic speakers who first united all the Hellenes in the Macedonian Empire, were dominantly blond." "It is my reading of the historical indicators, however, that most of the current "blondism" in that region is attributable to the concentrated Norman (and perhaps Frankish along with other northern European Germanic peoples) infusion in the Middle Ages. These spread south and east during the era of the Crusades and the resulting Norman/Frankish kingdoms established in the Mediterranean and Middle East. The Normans were the last and most extensive Germanic group extending from their northern Viking habitat to the whole of Europe and much of Asia. Every royal family of Europe (excepting perhaps Turkey) has Norman heritage and genes. This is no secret. Hundreds and thousands of books have been written documenting this phenomenon and spinning out the stories and legends of the Normans. Normans and related lineages ruled Cyprus and much of western Asia for some centuries in the Middle Ages."
My mother's genealogy on the other hand is very English, Scottish and French -- she is the 39 great granddaughter of John of Brienne – born in Champagne, France - but as I studied his history, John of Brienne went on the Crusades and became King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople in the 1200 BC -- who knows how many offspring these crusaders fathered as they sailed and conquered the lands on their way to Istanbul.
My father had blue eyes and dark blond hair. -- his family's name was Avram -- son of Avram - surnames were not yet established in Greece -- so my grandfather was the son of his father's first name - Avramoff. - so I guess I am not totally surprised by the genealogy results, as my mother was attracted to his blue eyes. I am not totally flabbergasted that he is of this Irish, English, French descent -- R1b1b2a1a2f. I always wondered about my father's genealogy -- 23 and me has helped and I am so glad my brother was able to submit the test as he is the last of the male descendants. "You may not have my name but you have my blood ". So we enter the age that blood or actually DNA -- determines genealogical heritage -- it would be nice to have castles and land -- but I will take pride in my blue eyes, reddish blonde hair and freckles . My husband's family originates from Caraloon, Magherafelt, Northern Ireland from 1750's. So now I know why I have felt just as home as he did during our visits to Ireland and Northern Scotland :)
Kindest regards 'cousins', Jennifer CauffieldMy haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f* , last name Jones. I have been able to trace back to Benjamin Jones born 1749 in Wales.
ReplyDeleteI'm R1b1b2a1a2f*. My paternal ancestors came from Machtlos, Germany in the province of Hesse. They arrived there in about 1700, and before that, they had been migrating around several small towns in the area (Blankenbach, Weißenhasel, etc.). My ancestor immigrated to America in 1881. Some of his Schmidt relatives also settled in Massachusetts and Washington DC in the mid 1800s. In Ancestry's Y-DNA database, all my related families who share a common ancestor with me before about 1100 AD are Irish/Scottish, and all the related families who share a common ancestor with me after about 1100 AD are a mixture of German/Italian/Lebanese. This leads me to believe my ancestors spent a long time in Scotland/Ireland, before one of them went to war (probably the Second Crusade?) which took him through continental Europe. He may have deserted and had children who spread out across Europe, or he may have had relations with several women along the way, leaving a string of biological sons throughout continental Europe who carried on his YDNA in Germany, Italy, Lebanon, etc.
ReplyDeleteI had my brother test initially with 23andme and he is R1b1b2a1a2f2, maternal J1c7. I had him test recently with ftDNA Y-37 and am waiting for those results. Our paternal surname is Dolan, and while family stories say we are Irish, I can trace our Dolan line to John Dolan b. about 1843 in Albany, New York...no other info. We have not matched any Dolan's at this point. Has anyone uploaded to GEDmatch?
ReplyDeleteMy paternal line is R1b1b2a1a2f* and contains the Irish surnames Traynor, McLaughlin, Doherty/Dougherty, McGonigle, O'Brien, Murphy, Ryan, and more. We know for a fact that the McLaughlins, Dohertys, and McGonigles came from County Donegal, in the extreme northwest of Ireland, so this makes perfect sense. The Traynors likely came from County Meath and the area around Dublin and the O'Briens possibly came from Co. Limerick or near Kilkenny.
ReplyDeleteMy brother just got his results and this is our group as well. our surname is Herring and we're from Fort Smith, Arkansas. I am the family Historian, so to speak. Our Herring branch ends with our 2nd great grandfather. The only records I've been able to find with him are the 1850 and 1860 census in Fort Smith. One says he was born in Alabama, the other states it was Georgia. Cannot go any farther back than that.
ReplyDeleteRepliesI'd like to add that my family is littered with red heads so I'm not shocked! :)
DeleteAlso several redhead in our Lawler line. However, only known back to 1850s as Edward Lawler apparently came to US from northern Ireland.
DeleteMy da's family settled in Arkansas, no redheads, tho, used to joke we were selkies.
It might be helpful, might not and kind of taboo to some people, but they were travellers, quit the life, roots extending to Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (and Ireland, obv, but nothing so formal that we can say when and where).. in the states, found some cousins split between north carolina, south carolina and virginia with a couple testing sites, but nothing to fill in the blanks beyond what we knew.
Also, found a few angry people that don't much care for the named association... even if they were only listed as 4th cousins or beyond. ;p
But something to keep in mind with your searches.
My paternal haplogroup is R1b1b2a1a2f*, and the surname associated with it is Putman, which is English. However, it seems the Irishness/Scottishness of the haplogroup predates the assigning of surnames in Britain (for tax purposes, following the Norman conquest). Not surprising, as people have been moving around and mixing forever. My [American] family identifies as Irish anyway, despite the English surname.
ReplyDeleteJoseph Sullivan. My paternal line is R1b1b2a1a2f* from 23andme. My great great great grandfather (O'Sullivan) was from Inchinteskin, Cork, Ireland. I see many posts here from Portugal, Spain, Germany, and UK for the same haplogroup. Celtic tribes existed in all those in around 300 BCE. Celtiberian lived in the Basque area of Spain. Some allied with Carthage in the Punic wars against Rome. The Celts were often mercenary soldiers for other states as were the Irish many centuries later for the King of Spain. Irish troops formed a regiment in the Spanish Army of Flanders during the 80 years war in 1580. They were commonly known by the term "Wild Geese". Irish soldiers served in continental armies in the 16th through 18th centuries, so its possible that some of the R1b1b2a1a2f* folks are descended from Irish mercenaries who never went home, while others may be descendents of Celtic tribes in those regions of Europe. For example on my euro genes analysis on GEDMatch.com, shows the Iberian peninsula (modern Spain/Portugal) as a location where ancestors lived thousands of year ago, probably Celts or even earlier.
ReplyDeleteGiven the rumored sexual proclivities of the Irish King, Niall of the Nine Hostages, one should expect there are many bastard children or descendants of bastards who share this haplogroup, it may even be a defining trait with many generations of bastards who don't necessarily carry on their father's surnames. I know I'm one such wild oat of a man named Coughlin (or at least, rumored to be, without a DNA match how can I be sure?).
ReplyDeleteRecently received my 23&me results including Paternal Haplogroup R1b1b2a1a2f*, and over 50% British/Irish ancestry. Family name is Peavy (with spelling variants, Pevey, Peavey, Pavey, Peevy, et al... with some thought that it might be a shortened form of a longer name Peverly, Peverell). My brother's Ancestry.com results also show Irish ancestry. My brother is a seasoned genealogist tracing our family tree back 10 generations and we always thought our ancestry was largely English, but this is the first indication of Irish ancestry. It's interesting, and it raises more new questions than answers!


text:
Or just spend a few more dollars and get the x4. I have the Athlon II x4 and it is great, overclocked to 3.3 and it cost $100. Not bad.
Phoronix: AMD Athlon II X3 425 On Linux
Earlier this week AMD announced the Phenom II X6 processors that are designed to offer "unbeatable" performance thanks to its six physical processing cores while not being priced too high. However, should you not be interested in the latest high-end CPUs, there still is a plethora of lower-end AMD parts on the market. One of AMD's low-priced offerings is the Athlon II X3 425, which is a triple-core AM3 processor that can easily overclock past 3GHz and is priced to sell at around $70 USD.
Or just spend a few more dollars and get the x4. I have the Athlon II x4 and it is great, overclocked to 3.3 and it cost $100. Not bad.
Why there are no compiling tests?
What nobody heard of ACC in BIOS?
How's the CPU power consumption wise? I know the tdp is 95W but how does it fare when idle and when on full load? Read it idles on about 107W which is quite high, think my E5200 takes less juice (one core less, but still, it should shut down cores if it doesn't need em).
You got a CACYC there, a Deneb. Does yours unlock? Potential Phenom II! Dooo it.
By the way, I also have a CACYC Athlon II X3 425, but it does not unlock. Also have a Athlon X2 5000+ CACZC, which unlocks, POSTs, but does not boot. I used to love DAAMIT, but now i hate them
At least it was only $70 for the chip and a Gigabyte GA-MA78LM-S2. Gotta love Silicon Valley (or rather, Fry's Electronics.)
Well unlocking a x3 to x4 is more likely to work than a x2 to x4, but i would not buy it when you really NEED the extra cores. athlon x4 is so slow that even a x4 is slower than an i3-530 in many benchmarks (maybe it compiles a bit faster). when you need to raise vcore to oc then you basically lose money in the long term as you need (much) more power and the cpu cooler has to work harder. but of course it is fun checking out the max freqs of a cpu.
Of course. But don't worry, I approach it from the perspective of... "If I can unlock, great! Free bonus. If not, oh well."
Yes, the i3 is quite nice. But you're not going to get it for $40 and a motherboard for $30 (that's what mine worked out to, but that's because I have a Fry's nearby. They often sell AMD CPUs with a motherboard for less than other stores sell the CPU alone. They also have discounts on Intel CPUs, but generally, the AMD sales are better. They're a regional electronics chain based in the United States, for those who do not live near one.)
No way to edit your posts? Anyway, I guess what I mean to say is the i3 better damn well be faster, cause it's much more expensive. At least for me; not sure about those who have to pay closer to MSRP.
I was quite surprised of this being posted here. Not too long ago the Strider PSU (also in my rig) was tested by Phoronix.
Then something on-topic:
I was able to unlock my Athlon (same as in the article, of course) through my BIOS (an ASUS mobo). Got it for €68 up here in Finland. Nothing bad to say, really. IMHO, it was really worth it. 6MB L3 cache and the Deneb chip, nice!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
New Balance |
Timberland |
Welcome to the OFFICE SHOES online shop!!
You can easily find your favourite shoes at the best price in our renewed webshop. Check out our website and buy your shoes conveniently online, at the same price as in the OFFICE SHOES stores.
The online store of OFFICE SHOES is a one-stop shop where you can find the trendiest casual shoes, trekking shoes, boots, high-heels, slippers, sandals and ballet flats, all at the best price. Search online for such international brands as Lacoste, Caterpillar, Timberland, Skechers, UGG, Hunter, Steve Madden, Dr Martens, Lauren Ralph Lauren, Polo Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, New Balance, Converse, Vans, Rider, Kitten, Bronx, and Blink.
In Hungary, we welcome you in our 22 shops with the trendiest shoes at a great price. Visit us in one of the many shopping malls in Budapest or in the shopping street at Váci utca or in such other towns as Debrecen, Győr, Kecskemét, Miskolc, Pécs, Szeged, Székesfehérvár, and Tatabánya.


text:
Skip to main content
As research in pulmonary hypertension grows, we may find more ways to diagnosis, treat and ultimately cure the disease. Recently, Dr. Sebastien Bonnet of Laval University in Quebec, Canada, made the exciting discovery of the PIM-1 protein; a protein virtually unseen in normal patients, but seen in patients with pulmonary hypertension in amounts relative to the severity of the disease. With positive implications both for early diagnosis and treatment, the discovery of PIM-1 provides more insight into the disease. In this webinar, Dr. Sebastien Bonnet discusses his research and the relationship between PIM-1 and pulmonary hypertension.
If the below recording does not begin automatically, click the arrow. Click Fullscreen button in interface below to watch recording in your full screen. To view the controls, move your mouse anywhere over the video then move to the control interface at the bottom of the video. Please note, you will not need an access code; those directions, if mentioned, are for live event participants.
Sébastien Bonnet, PhDLaval University in Quebec, Canada
Sébastien Bonnet, PhD, is an associate professor with tenure in the faculty of medicine at Laval University in Quebec, Canada. He obtained is PhD in France and received post doctoral training in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Edmonton, Canada. He is the recipient of numerous international awards including the American Heart Association New Investigator Award (Cournand and Comroe) and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society award. He was elected as the best Canadian researcher in December 2010 for his work on PIM-1 and the molecular origin of PH which was recently published in Circulation and Journal of Experimental medicine. Dr. Bonnet holds a Canadian Research chair position, has published close to 40 publications and is the director of the vascular biology research group in Quebec.As PHA's Special Events Manager, Jessica works closely with friends and family of PH patients to plan fundraisers across the country. She also creates new special event campaigns, programs and resources, making a variety of special event opportunities available to the PH community.


text:
NASCAR Winston Cup race number 31 of 31 Sunday, November 12, 1995 at Atlanta Motor Speedway, Hampton, GA 328 laps on a 1.522 mile paved track (499.2 miles)
Glossary 1995 NASCAR Winston Cup results / 1995 standings
All times are shown in seconds. * - includes time spent in garage.
Active Drivers' Career Stats Sprint Cup Xfinity Series Camping World Truck Series Canadian Tire Series Verizon IndyCar Series ARCA Re/Max Series
Sponsor Search


text:
Like us on Facebook for inter-esting movie poster-related stuff:
Pacific Rim poster
Copyright by respective production studio and/or distributor. Intended for editorial use only.
Directed by:
Guillermo del Toro
Ron Perlman,
Idris Elba,
Clifton Collins Jr.,
Charlie Day,
Max Martini,
Brad William Henke,
Charlie Hunnam,
Santiago Segura,
Burn Gorman,
Larry Joe Campbell,
Diego Klattenhoff,
Robert Kazinsky,
Robert Maillet -i-
Pacific Rim movie stills


text:
If my child has food allergies, what should I look for when reading food labels? - Alyson
If your child has a food allergy, carefully reading labels is one of the most important things you can do. Always avoid any food whose label says it contains your child's allergen.
And keep these tips in mind:
Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD Date reviewed: September 2012
For a full list of Rady Children's Programs and Services, click here or call Rady Children's Customer Service and Referral Center at 1-800-788-9029 for more information.


text:
If you are interested in further information and full names about living persons, please refer to the Family Search web site by the Church of the Latter Day Saints. The same information is listed on that web site. If you are not successful, contact me directly. Thanks for your interest. Father: Milton DeLuca Mother: Dorothy Louise Hatch b: 11 FEB 1920 in Wayne County, North Carolina |
RootsWeb.com, Inc. is NOT responsible for the content of the GEDCOMs uploaded through the WorldConnect Program. If you have a problem with a particular entry, please contact the submitter of said entry. You have full control over your GEDCOM. You can change or remove it at any time.


text:
Emelia Panel Toddler Bed Conversion Kit
The streamlined, neoclassic design of our Emelia Collection finds its feminine grace, with tapered legs, fluted sides and feet, and carved floral accents.
- Converts crib (sold separately) into charming toddler bed
- Handcrafted of solid hardwood with fine veneers
- Finished by hand in warm aged white
- This item is hand-crafted with meticulous care. Given its hand-finished nature and natural variations in the wood grain, each item is unique and no two will be exactly alike.
- Our cribs are designed and engineered to the highest safety standards. In addition to our own superior level of safety standards that meet or exceed those set by the�Consumer Product Safety Commission and�American Society for Testing and Materials, each crib undergoes rigorous testing by independent�laboratories�for compliance with all US and Canadian crib regulations.
- Wood swatch is 6" square; free shipping
Finish Options
Emelia Panel Toddler Bed Conversion Kit
- Toddler Bed Conversion Rails: 51"L x 1"W x 15"H
- Toddler Bed Conversion Rails Weight: 13 lbs.
Emelia Panel Toddler Bed Conversion Kit


text:
All You Need To Pass Your General Class Exam!
Use this book to study for your General Class license exam. Every page presents information you will need to pass the exam and become an effective operator. You'll cover small sections at a time:
CD-ROM System Requirements: Microsoft Windows 2000/XP/Vista/Windows 7, a color display, 20 MB free hard drive space. Please note: the practice exam software is not MAC compatible.


text:
Health Information
Overview of Diabetes Mellitus
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes is a condition in which sufficient amounts of insulin are either not produced, or the body is unable to use the insulin that is produced. Diabetes can be defined as a metabolic disorder because the disease affects the way the body uses food to make glucose, the main source of fuel for the body. The three main types of diabetes include:
Type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin, resulting in either no insulin or a low amount of insulin. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily in order to live.
Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a result of the body's inability to make enough, or to properly use, insulin. Type 2 diabetes may be controlled with diet, exercise, and weight loss, but it may also require oral or injected medication and/or insulin injections.
Gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy when the woman has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes. In many cases of gestational diabetes, all diabetic symptoms disappear following delivery, but the woman is at risk for future diabetes.
What is prediabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is commonly preceded by prediabetes. In prediabetes, blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be defined as diabetes. However, many people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years, states the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Prediabetes also increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. With modest weight loss and moderate physical activity, people with prediabetes can delay or prevent type 2 diabetes.
How does diabetes affect blood glucose?
For glucose to be able to move into the cells of the body, the hormone insulin must be present. Insulin is produced in the pancreas, and, normally, is readily available to move glucose into the cells. However, in people who have diabetes, either the pancreas produces too little or no insulin, or certain cells in the body do not respond to the insulin that is produced. This causes a build up of glucose in the blood, which passes into the urine where it is eventually eliminated, leaving the body without its main source of fuel.
What is maturity-onset diabetes in the young (MODY)?
Although often misdiagnosed initially as the more common type 1 or type 2 diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of diseases characterized by inherited early-onset diabetes (usually in adolescence or early adulthood) from a single gene mutation.
Severity of the diabetes symptoms associated with MODY varies depending on the type of MODY diagnosed. MODY 2 appears to be the mildest form of the disease, often only causing mild hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. MODY 1 and 3 may require treatment with insulin, much like type 1 diabetes. MODY accounts for about 1 to 5 percent of all cases of diabetes in adults in the U.S. Family members of people with MODY are at greatly increased risk for the condition. MODY should be considered when three successive generations in a family have been diagnosed with mild diabetes (not requiring insulin) before age 25 and appear neither obese nor significantly insulin-resistant.


text:
Needs to be updated on this page: http://cgit.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/tree/docs/GL3.txt under GL 3.0.
Phoronix: Mesa Can Do EXT_texture_compression_RGTC
In Mesa's quest to catch up to the proprietary Linux drivers (and the graphics drivers available under Windows), they are now a tiny bit closer. David Airlie has announced on the Mesa mailing list that he has implemented support for the EXT_texture_compression_RGTC extension into Mesa...
Needs to be updated on this page: http://cgit.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/tree/docs/GL3.txt under GL 3.0.
Hey, at least we recently moved up to 2.1 instead of 1.4...
I believe S3TC is DXT3, and these are DXT4 and 5.
Does anyone know what they're used by? Does this help WINE apps?
All DXT compressions are "S3TC". RGTC was designed for compressing normal maps, and can replace DXT5.
Correction: it can replace DirectX's 3Dc/BC5 (which is better than DXT5).
Totally wrong, RGTC is red+green block texture compression. S3TC is RGB and RGBA block compression. How is BC5 (which is a RG compression formats) supposed to replace DXT5 (which is a RGBA compression format) if BC5 can only handle two color channels?!
Your statement is still wrong though. An RG format can never replace an RGB/RGBA format. Using DXTn formats for normal compression was always kind of a hack.
Addition to last post:
The very nVidia article you quote explains why using DXTn for encoding normal/tangent data is a hack.
If anything, then texture_RG and texture_RGTC are the proper ways to store such information.


text:
After my Doberman Gunther passed away
we thought our golden retreiver/German shepherd mix needed a friend &my husband just wanted another big red Doberman to replace him, so we contacted a rescue and got this new guy Rowan, he's pretty cool but very very protective of me. I really love dogs so I agreed to get him. He liked me at first sight but was leary of Dave(my hubby) He is 102lbs. And is a bit put off by men, too. I think a guy must've been mean to him. He is finally ok with my husband. I was so afraid he wouldn't like Dave and he was the one who desperately wanted another dobie (I love the breed too- but they are a bit hard for this left effected girl to handle!)He is quite a handful and I surely couldn't handle him without my husbands help. He walks the dogs and bathes them and stuff but I feed them and they listen to me pretty good. They are such great therapy, they make you get up & get going because one thig-if you don't they may make a mess . So I call them my therapists! Haha
Thank you for all your information and advice, everyone
Erectile Disfunction by no means
means any loss of sexual interest or sexual desire etc. It simply means being unable to achieve an erection long enough to have intercourse, and since masterbation does not require achieving erections so hence watching porn videos and masterbating instead of having sex.
Even admitting to yourself that you have an erection problem is one of the hardest things for most men to do, let alone talking about it to your wife or doctor etc. In my case, I never did get up the guts to actually come out and tell my doctor that I was having erection problems. I went to the doctor with my wife one night due to some bronchial infection she had. And while the doctor was writing her a precription I made a joke to him about needing some Viagra too. He just stared up at me for a moment and then he wrote me one. I guess he understood just how embaressing it can be for some men to talk even to their doctor about it!!
My advice to you is to calmly and lovingly sit him down and talk to him regarding your problem, and tell him that it both of your problem and not only his. And then urge him to see the doctor, even go with him.
Also reassure him that ED is a "Medical Problem that happens to many men and just like with any other medical problem it is nothing to be ashamed of or embaressed to seek medical help for. And also tell him that most cases of ED are usually solved by simply using products like Viagra,Levitra, and Cialis etc.
My saga began with low libido
and went to my doctor complaining of lack of sex drive and the inability to climax while having sex w/my wife. I too went to porn to get off which I could do manually, with alot of work. (Although I liked getting off w/the vids, which I don't know if my wife knows about, I like having sex w/my wife.) I also thought that my problem may be related to having been circumcised as an infant, so before I went to the doc (a year or more) I explored the possibility of finding a way to increase sensitivity; I began restoring my foreskin (I am two and a half years into a 3.5 year process – sensitivity has increased and I like the look). I finally went to my doc when things did not improve. He tested me for low Testosterone; my levels were in the basement. This allowed my doc to get approval from my insurance for a script for Viagra; samples provided worked great.
More recently I have also been diagnosed w/Sleep Apnea, which explains my lack of energy and may/could also be related to the low T and libido. My lack of energy could also be related to my T level still being too low. First I have to control the Apnea to convince my doc that the Apnea is controlled.
So what am I saying? I'm not sure. It sounds like you and your husband are not alone. His/your pattern is somewhat like mine. You need to convince him to talks to his doc and get his blood levels measured. There are so many different things that could be wrong. He should not be shy w/you or his doc.
(My wife's problem is with the lack of spontaneity. We now make arrangements for "dates." I also have a problem w/this lack of spontaneity; I am occasionally upset when a prearranged time is pushed to a different day; sometimes I have taken a little blue pill only to be told now is not the time. All worked up and nowhere to go.)
I hope this is coherent and helps you.
give him onions in plenty and it will work to arise his desire.
guys I really need you help…PLEASE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Hello! I am married, and my spouse suffers from ED. This is very confusing to me and I really need help and have knowone to turn too. You see, my spouse doesn't want to talk about it. I know he feels like "less of a man" because of this problem, but I don't see him that way. It hurts me because he doesn't look to make love to me any more and avoids the hole sex thing. I know he watches porn and masterbates to that, which hurts me very much not to mention gets me very mad. I can't get him to top watching it. Do most men who suffer from this do that? Is that kinda normal? I would think this would make things worse, in the sense, perhaps when he takes Viagra it may work much better because there is more excitement of having sex and getting, relief, sexually. Please help me I feel just terrible all inside. I have been very understanding, I mean, it is not like any men would want this, so to me it is like any other unpleasant thing. I came here, because you are men and hopefully can give me some truth about my questions. I can't seem to get a answer out of him or get him to go see a doctor. I look forward to your replys. I love him and feel just because this happened to him, which he had this problem before I meet him and married him, that it is something we can work on together and he is not alone.
Some problem
i am aged 54 and suffering from impotence for the last 10 years. I am having various health problems. i am taking Zen retard 2 tabs daily,Eptoin 2 tabs daily, Nebicard 5mg once daily, buy Tadalafil tablets, sorbitrate 10mg twice daily. Iunderstand that those who take sorbitrate should not take Viagra.. My question is whether I can stop taking sorbitrate for a day and take a trial with Viagra for my erection dysfunction.
First thing you should do is to find yourself
a well-trained caring physician near your home. Ask around at work and elsewhere for someone with a bedside manner. Then check him out with your county medical society: is he a member, where was he trained, is he board certified, etc.? Then go from there. Eric's advice was also good. Don't let anyone talk you into surgery until you've tried the other modalities, including injections if necessary. I don't blame you for being disappointed and pissed off at your experience with the expert in VA.
Well, Arginine increases the availability of Nitrous Oxide
which causes blood vessels to relax so blood flow will increase. For this reason, NO is also a tablet some people take to lower blood pressure. You might want to google this and check into it. I'm not a doctor. In theory, if your blood pressure drops too much, your heart will try and compensate by increasing its rate. So, if you have a systolic blood pressure that runs around 90, this might be an issue for you. Most men don't run that low though.
Air travel with Trimix
Anyone have any experience travelling with Trimix? The meds are supposed to be kept cold but how am I supposed to travel with them? Any suggestions? Thanks.
I have kept trimix (order from Canadian Online Pharmacy) loaded in syringes at room temperature for several days without any noticable decrease in effectiveness. I suggest you load as many syringes as you will need on the trip and just put them in your luggage. When you get to your destination, refrigerate them if possible.
Hi, I have traveled with my shots, and I just put an ice pack that you by from the drug store into a ziplock bag with the shots, then I wrap it in a towel. That will keep it cold enough until you get where you're going.
Thanks, Tom K.
I used Trimix for a couple of years, and traveled with it. I had a very small thermos bottle and would put the vial in with some ice and took it on the planes as carry-on. No problems. I would pack the syringes separately.
Hmmm, I don't think they will let you on a plane with a thermos anymore. Tom K.
I take 1000mg of L-Arginine twice daily
They say you can take up to 5000mg daily, but not if you can help it. I tried Arginine pyroglutamate recently and you only have to take 500mg twice a day to achieve the same results. At least, it worked that way for me. I also take 50mg of grape seed extract once a day. This combination works well for me. I don't know about combining them with viagra, etc. I'd really consult a physician if you're on any blood pressure meds like nitro before taking Arginine though.
Does any one here have a female doctor?
Do you have any issues discussing your erectile disfucntion?
In five weeks I have my second appt. with my new doc, who happens to be a woman. I am have some stress about talking about this issue and having a complete physical examination. I am sure this is much ado about nothing, but it is on my mind, on occasion. More frequently as time gets close for this exam.
I have a women doc also and I have know trouble talking and
I kinda try to make her blush but and she new me when it worked and I blushed then.But she checked all that and she said it was all good?? I will check and see if she used the old or new. I have one problem she is a V.A. Doctor (veterans administration) Government run so she may be doing just enough to get buy. Are there key words or ways to know if she is. or things to ask I can get past if necessary. I am as I call some doctor dummy they say yellow polka dots and I believe them. I always tell people ask questions if they say it want work don't stop asking questions till you get a good answer. And I didn't even if it was a male doctor I guess I still would of froze.I had read where high blood,medications,hi sugar, fat would cause this problem and I froze.As long as they don't say its broke for good then I am OK and if I don't ask questions then they can't check and find it broke.Don't Know Don't Waneta know its
dumb.Know man wants to know his toy know matter how scribbled up its gotten is broke
You're story is almost the same as mine word
for word and I know where you're coming from. I have seen psychiatries and therapist and they say find other in tress Well kinda sorta there is no replacement for the smell or feeling warmth.Now other in tress helps to a point If you're single "And here comes the dumb part Find a Lesbian Friend I know it sounds dumb and it is not easy to find you have to put an add in DUMBER But they don't want sex but will play with you some times they only want companionships. They want the same thing you want some one to come home to they have the smell and you have a Friend for life and they don't care if you have leper icy you got the smell an warmth AND they love to talk and listen. Another way to go I said it was DUMB I diden't say I was brightest bulb in the pack
Many men feel shy or ashamed to discuss and ask for help to combat their Erectyle Dysfunction
so you and your husband are in a very large group of people. Your husband needs a full sexual medicine workup to determine what is behind and causing his ED. Failing to have it checked out can be deadly. Studies show that ED is a warning sign for severe cardio-vascular desease and should not be ignored. Bob may be suffering from Hypogonadism which is comon to all men as we age, but can be severe and show up in even young men.
I was diagnosed at 38 years old. Hypogonadism is a deficiency in testosterone production and as a man's levels decrease, it slowly sneaks up and starts to affect sex drive, erections, lipid levels, and at low levels is responcible for depression, poor sleep, adds fat deposits, and causes weakening and thinning in the bones. A simple blood tests can detect this cause. Other tests that are run are a dopler ultrasound to measure the function of the blood vessels in the penis. An injection of Tri-mix is injected and after an erection is produced, the radiologists is able to see via ultrasound whether their is leakage in the veins of the penis. Another test is a penile tumescence test to see if your husband is experiencing nightly erections and how strong they are. And lastly is a psychological test to determine if he has psychological issues with sex or with fear of failure. Following these tests, their are pharmaceuticals that can be prescribed to assist in producing an erection such as cialis, viagra and vardenafil. Sometime just supplementing with testosterone gel renews sexual desire and brings back erections. With the tests, their are medical conditions that may be needing treatment such as hidden High Blood pressure, diabetes, or even something as simple as changing your husbands medications. Prescription medications can play havoc with a man's sexual desire or give a man erection problems. If all of these treatments fail to restore his sex drive or fix his erection problems, then their are vasoactive drugs that can be injected into the penis which are very effective at producing erections. I used injections very successfully for 13 years for my ED. If all of the above fails to work, then there is the surgical implantation of a penile implant which enjoys a very high satisfaction rate among implantees. I had implant surgery a month and a half ago and have just started using my implant for sex with a good time enjoyed by both me and my wife. On this board their are dozens of men and their spouses who have battled sexual dysfunction for many years.
I've had it for 14 years due to juvenile diabetes for the past 21 years. My marriage is very important to me and sharing myself in a loving sexual manner is what helps to keep my marriage strong.
Facing the problem at the onset is a tough time for couples and it often doesn't get easier over time. What gets you through is two peoples commitment to each other. Being best friends willing to walk side by side and realizing that it's not my problem or your problem. It's OUR problem to face together. So please get your husband to see a urologist. Even better a Sexual Medicine Clinic that specializes in sexual medicine. People in those types of clinics are very kind and understanding and specialize in fixing sexual problems. This is not an isolated problem that only you are experiencing. As people age, it becomes a growing issue affecting more and more people. If you want to reply and correspond confidentially, I've listed my email address. I've been through it all and I find nothing funny about your problem. It hurts a lot.
Also there are people on this board who can advise you who's good near where you live to see. There are other very good people on this board who also can give you good advise, but start out first with having your husband get a very good and complete physical exam. For some men, it's a life saver in finding hidden, underlying issues that can be deadly if not caught early.
Take care,
Have you ever heard the notion that Vitamin C inhibits cancer
by blocking the action of hydrogen peroxide, and that H2O2 is a cancer promoter? In view of this finding, you can see why I'm reluctant to ingest food-grade H202?
On the other hand Dr. W'm Douglas Campbell, and others, claim(s) that H202 fights cancer.
How can people be expected to experiment with a purported therapeutic method which some people think promotes cancer, while other people believe it fights cancer?
The dispute isn't over whether H202 ingestion, even 3% H202, causes a headache, it's over whether it has the potential of causing "cancer." Whatever you elect to do with H202, we certainly need to look more carefully at this debate, because we may be taking a huge risk.
I propose that we look at the theory, at the evidence, such as it is, for and against the ingestion of H202. Let's look for the researchers anddoctors, the theorists and nutritionists that have provided substantial writings on this topic. That's what I intend to do, starting very soon. Something is wrong with this picture.
Either one side or the other in this debate has done some poor research, misinterpreted the evidence, is relying on inadequate evidence, are failing to take certain things into account, etc. I have no idea what the situation is, but I'm guessing that H202 ingestion may be desirable in treating illnesses, "under certain circumstances," but not in other cases. Perhaps there are ways of protecting ourselves from the dangers, so that we can reap the benefits of H202. Maybe there's a safe dose, which varies for different people…and on and on.
I have not made up my mind to take Plavix
read about a FDA citing on false claims made for its effectivness I think from what I can determine its only 1 or 2 percent improvment over plain oll cheap aspirin need to look deeper anyone have any ideas Lee any scoop on this drug.
About h202
I have read enough about it that I am willing to try it only makes sense that some of that extra oxygen will get into your blood, also it is said that it helps clear the lungs,even people with enphazyma find relief. What really got me interested again, was reading where Baylor U in Texas conducted experiments, with Intravenous use and were successful at clearing an artery. This was in the 1960's , why it was not continued I don't know dropped like everything else,when angioplasty, Cholesterol mania came along I guess.
I wish you would try something, since you are exercising again You know when to expect pain with certain level of exercise, try taking Oral h202 with water, and see if it makes any improvement as to the duration of the regimen.
That is take the h202 before you begin, 5 drops of 35% in a glass of water to start with.
Don't expect a miracle but you should notice a difference. You know the formula I believe, 3 times a day as above then increase by one drop every day of so,on empty stomach, or 3 hrs after eating.
Again my thinking is ,if you can't get more blood to the heart, you might get more available Oxygen into the blood that does get to the heart.
Great experiment
I once tried taking in oxygen from a tank via a tube to my nasal passages, as I was exercising on a rower. I didn't experience any improvement. But I'm not sure I was doing this in the most effective way.
Let us know if you get results, and how you do it.
Oxygen and coronary artery blocks
Angina pain occurs because the coronary artery ,one or more are blocked. Limiting the amount of blood that can pass through to the heart and limiting the amount of Oxygen the heart receives.
Since we cannot force more blood through the blocked artery, can we put more Oxygen in the Blood that does get through and accomplish to some degree the same thing.
I am experimenting with this now, and I think it works.
You just explained a symptom I had recently
the ramping "T" effect. However my "T" was so low at one point that the internist I see said that it was the lowest he had ever seen. My TSH and LH were sky high but came down after I was on testosterone for a while. The endocrinologist said I had Testicular failure. The urologist I see says that there is strong evidence that Testosterone protects the prostate from BPH however I read it increases the level of cancer I wonder if any of them know what is going on but, I am hypogonadal and most would defend HRT as a problem in such case. I really wonder.
Anyway you are correct that depression takes a toll. I would argue though that the effect is loss of sensation and without sensation it is very boring and hard to maintain an erection. Plus there is the loss of complete emotional feeling in deep depression. Though some would argue that depression heightens emotion the medical community defines it as loss of emotion due to loss of neurotransmitters Serotonin, and nor-ephinephrine which are also conductors in sexual nerves as well. I can't say I understand it but, I understand it's effect.
I believe the biggest contributor to my ED is my blood pressure med. I have discovered that if I don't take it I can get a full erection and maintain it. However, there is no avoiding it, it is the only BP med that I have ever taken that worked with no other side effect I can identify otherwise. I don't have extremely high pressure as that goes, only systolic is high. It normally runs 120-130/100. All of the heart and BP studies indicate I have a heart electrical anomaly that prevents my heart from recoiling completely between beats. I also have a long family history of heart failure so not taking it is not an option. Another complicating factor is that I have migraines and all of the orals effect them.
I am learning to live with less sex. When I want it a small injection of papaverine does wonders. Unless I have let myself go into severe depression which will always cause me intense problems all around. I think that any one who tries to deal depression themselves is foolish.
I thought for years that I could deal with it and it was somehow weakness to see a psychiatrist. In retrospect I wish I had seen one thirty years ago. I would probably have saved myself a lot of grief.
Interesting discussion
I would say my ED has impacted our marriage, but we still enjoy sex, injections mostly. My wife is also 62, and she still very much enjoys sex, but not pushy since she knows the surgery and the impotence have been very upsetting to me emotionally.
We have sex less often, but for rehab, and pleasure purposes, I mast daily, and I"m able to get off on my own much easier than I do with her. I think this is not unusual, and she accepts it, I am able to get her off many times. My wife is not real aggressive sexually, and i'm still fucking her some, so I"m not sure how she'd feel if she lost sex all together. I guess it depends on the woman. I know a cousin whose wife thinks sexual dysfunction happens for a good reason, she is happy if it stops. Not me.
I haven't ever head of this
I know a man can have stones in the prostate gland but I've been told they never come out. I'm thinking a good urologist should be able to give you some insight to what's going on or if he doesn't know do some research to find out more and help you with your problem.
Anybody know about this?
Hi, I'm a new on this blog and I'm 58, and have had ED and Impotence for many years, but I still try, although 99% of the time I don't ever get to ejaculate.Now tadalafil 20mg pills, generic cialis are best for me, also a few years ago I used viagra. I usually can get to the pre-cum stage, and it seems like it's right around then that I get these small, dark particles coming out of my penis. They feel hard, except for a mucous-like coating. The color is dark red/brown.
I've told my primary care doctor about this=no comment
I've told my new urologist twice=no comment
I searched the net, but only found mention of light yellow colored cysts that don't seem to match my condition
My question is= is there anybody on this blog\forum who has had anything similar to (or heard of anything) like these dark particles I'm getting?
Maybe I'll get this urologist's attention when I tell him I'm switching to a different urologist.
Thanks, Mike.
After the prostate is removed
you will still be able to climax but your orgasm will be dry. It will feel just as good according to what everyone tells me. Some men are able to get erections post op by using pills (but not too many work) others use a VED (Vacuum Erection Device) which works pretty well. Google Osbon, Rejoyn etc for more info. I think you might also want to Google Trimix (Injections) and of course the Penile Prosthesis surgery. There are two companies in the US that I know of that have these. They are Coloplast and AMS. These allow you to get erections when you want and for as long as you wish. I've been looking into this and almost everyone that I talk to says they wish they had done it sooner.
Anyway, do lots of reading and talk to your GP and or a Urologist / Surgeon and find out whats out there.
Prostate Cancer is NOT the end of your sex life.
Good luck!
Laser surgery
I read about it on the computer while looking up the Brigham ans Women's Hospital in Boston, MA (they treat men, too) They seem to have a major urology department and are a prize-winning hospital, too. They have a robotically controlled Prostate Vaporization treatment, which is supposed to use lasers and be very precise. It's used in nerve-sparing prostate treatment. They deal with a lot of other urology/prostate subjects, like arterial blood flow to the penis, venous leak detection, nerve diagnosis of the penis.
I read that they have some kind of new "fabric" that they can wrap into tiny tube shapes, and put one end of a broken nerve in one end, and the same with the other end, and the "fabric" induces the nerves to grow and re-attach. They're working on a "fake penis", too. It seems to be quite the place to go. I intend to go there at some point. (I wish they'd make a fake prostate gland that was installable) That sounds like a good idea to me.
By the way, thanks for your comments. They are appreciated.
A few years ago I was participating in
a phase III drug trial, fenasteride 5 mg and during one of their examinations they found that I had an abdominal aortic aneurysm. They found it while doing a sonogram of my abdomen. I went to the Vascular Clinic of my hospital and they scheduled me for surgery. That was before they had stents they could use to repair the problem so it required major surgery which was just as big a problem as was my bypass surgery. The surgery went well and they installed a goretex graph inside the aorta to reinforce the place that was weakened. Since the surgery, I have never had any problem with it.
However, if it had not been repaired it probably would have ruptured at some point and I would have died before I could have reached the emergency room.
I will not argue the value of nutritional therapy
for any disease or overall health. However an Aneurysm in the Aorta, is life threatening on a major scale this is no time to begin a cure based on Vitamins and Minerals,and Diet which takes a great deal of time to work or help.
Of course I urge anyone not taking Vitamin and minerals at optimal levels to do so but in this case she needs a Medical Specialist.
Hey guys, thanks for the replies.
I've been a bit busy and neglected to respond for a while. Sorry. Well, I went ahead and ordered BOTH the Actis band and the erecxel ring from some website (nfsno.org (Server not found!) canadian pharmacy no rx) that happened to sell each one, saving on the shipping costs. This may just be my experience, but the Actis was pretty much a waste of money. It doesn't really do much to help my erection, it's bulky and uncomfortable, and too often if slides off or loosens. I do not recommend Actis band from my experiences. Erecxel, on the other hand, works better than any other ring I've tried out. It isn't a miracle product that cures ed or anything, but it's fairly easy to use and increases and maintains a bit of hardness to that guy downstairs. It took me a session or two to break it in, but has worked nicely since then. I DO recommend the Erecxel cock ring. I'm not anyway affiliated with either one of these products or companies; just giving an honest customer's review of them.
To start with..
I am now 41 and I have always been very sexual…never had a problem with erections or anything. Used to have them constantly and could orgasm a few times a day. I wound up getting married 11 years ago to a woman that had liked sex while we were going out and living together but the old saying about "when you say 'I do', they don't" is too true in this case. Throughout the years she would constantly turn me down and always have some sort of weak excuse and I wound up having to literally take matters into my own hands in order to get any type of satisfaction. Whenever I discussed this with her (or tried to) I would hear how it is my problem to deal with. She doesn't like sex as much as I do and I'm weird for wanting it once a week or more. She put it all on me and said I should just learn to deal with it. So I was supposed to accept that sex 4 or 5 times a year would be enough. At 30 years old, this was just not acceptable and still isn't….I'm older…not dead.
As time went by, she packed on the pounds and finally (about 2 years ago) it all got to the point where I decided that I am tired of being turned down and told that it's my problem and the weight…I'm not talking a little extra…I'm talking 350 pounds….the weight became a turn off for me on top of everything else. I finally decided I was done even trying with her and I told her so.
Anyway…a few months after that, she tried it with me and I figured I would give it a shot…but I didn't stay hard inside her and gave up. I assumed this was because of my mindset and the fact that she didn't excite me or turn me on so I figured no problem. I was still able to get hard most of the time by myself and take care of things that way.
Anyway, to shorten this a little, over some time my erections started not being so hard all the time. When I would masturbate, it became more frequent that I could get hard, but couldn't maintain it. I didn't worry too much as I figured the home situation with my wife was affecting me adversely. I was a moderator on a message board and made some "friends" online. About a year ago, I became particularly close to this one woman and we talked a lot online and on the phone. We fell for each other over a long period of time. She was literally everything I looked for in a woman. She is beautiful, extremely sexy, smart, funny…suffice it to say she was everything I had wanted since I discovered women…and on top of that, she is 10 years younger than I am.
We wound up meeting for a weekend and we got along as well as we had thought we would…it was all very perfect…almost perfect…I couldn't get hard for her at all…nothing…we did things and I satisfied her with other means and she liked it but she felt bad that she couldn't make me hard. She was very understanding as well and it wasn't much of a problem for her…but it was for me. Although I enjoyed what we did and in my mind, I was turned on like crazy, I was unable to get an erection and I feel like I let her down. We still talk and we plan on being together eventually when things come around for us. I have to finish my divorce and she needs to finish some schooling she is doing. We plan to meet again in a short time also…so things are still going well for us…but not for me.
When I try to masturbate now, more often than not, no matter how turned on I am, I wind up going soft as soon as I try to take care of it. Most of the time I can finish but it takes a lot and I am usually not all that hard. I can't get hard by just looking at something or thinking about something and I need to actually have some stimulation to get an erection but it's been this way for years and I always figured that just comes with getting older. I went to my doctor and talked about this a little and they agreed that my situation at home was the cause…but I left out the detail that I had met someone and it didn't work for her as this doctor knows my wife too and I didn't need to take any chances. The doctor gave me Cialis to try and it worked fine for me…It worked great in fact. However, this is not my solution as far as I am concerned. Sure, it's a band-aid I suppose and I can use it when I meet this woman again but I know there is more to this problem as it has really happened over the last year and a half and seems to be getting worse. The wake up call was when I couldn't get an erection when I was faced with the sexiest woman I have ever known…THAT scared me.
I have had tests for certain things over the last year and I am not diabetic so that is not an issue. High blood pressure is not an issue either. I could stand to lose a little weight but overall, I'm not fat. I'm a little out of shape but have been for years so that is nothing new. Could anyone guide me as to what may be wrong or what I could try or maybe what my next step should be? Any help in this would be greatly appreciated and I thank you all in advance for any help you can give me. I also apologize for this being so long but I thought I should give as much detail as possible.
Does this make sense?
For those guys that are helped by VED, is your problem "INFLOW" problems?
I have venous leakage due to penile fibrosis (scar tissue) so i have an outflow problem. The VED doesn't work…I can get hard with …the VED can get me close to 100% erect, but the minute it is taken away, i lose my erection…. With scar tissue, the penis doesn't expand fully enough to trap the veins; the VED temporarily expands it fully , but the penis smooth muscles are not elastic and healthy, so the scar tissue just reverses any expansions the VED achieves. Does that make sense? Think of a baloon with elastic bands around it….
I think the distinction is ACHIEVING an erection (guys with INFLOW problems — heart disease, etc) and MAINTAINING an erection (guys with an OUTFLOW problem – scar tissue causing venous leakage). VED works best for guys with INFLOW problems, but is only marginally beneficially to guys with OUTFLOW problems.
Same with Injections — i know there are guys on this support blog are BIG SUPPORTS OF INJECTIONS…but they simply aren't so effective on guys with OUTFLOW problems. Guys swear with injections they get erections lasting hours, hard as when they are teenagers. I"m SOOOOOO JEALOUS when I hear that…I've dont bimix, trimix, caverject, muse, VED, cockrings….these things just doesn't help me MAINTAIN an erection because of the scar tissue.
Vacumn Pump Demo
Not to long ago Solomes2 stated that he was going to get a vacumn pump and would perhaps give a demo. I am very interested in seeing him or someone do a demo of the vacumn pump. I have never used one and I feel that others would also like to see a demo on how it works. As an ED sufferer myself I would be interested in any and all options.
Effect of sustanon 250 injection
Please advice me, what is the effect of taking Andriol 40mg or sustanon 250 on the testicales efficincey for producing testesterone, as i have low teststerone level which is affecting my penies eriction.


text:
Want to hear from us, read and make comments? Then sign-up, above.
Only want to know when our RACES are on and nothing else? Then follow this link. http://www.vctc.org/page/vctc-email-registration-form
Club Members: Please join the Club Members Only Group to receive special club members only news and information: http://www.vctc.org/group/membersonly
For detailed instructions, please check out our How To page: http://www.vctc.org/page/how-to-join-the-club-members-only-group
And join us on Facebook!
Detailed Instructions Here: http://www.vctc.org/page/how-to-join-our-facebook-group
Donation to VCTC
We want to see your pictures! Please load them by clicking on the Pics & Vids tab above. Click "+Add" in the upper right hand corner and follow the step by step instructions. Thanks!
Albums: Coogan's and NYRR Awards Night, Coogan's Run 2012
Location: Washington Heights, NY
© 2015 Created by Louis Netter.