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SPINESHANK ANSWERS May 03, 2001 11:57:28 AM UTC The Current Chapter of Spineshank Spineshank is still out on the road in support of their latest release, The Height Of Callousness. Currently, they are on the road with Disturbed, and will be up until May 11th. The rest of their summer
THE EVOLUTION GROWS BY TWO May 03, 2001 9:50:20 AM UTC Fear Factory's current trek across the USA, The Evolution Of Revolution Tour, has just grown by 2 dates. They are as follows - May 6 - this Sunday in Rockford, IL @ LT's (yes... as in the best Linebacker that's ever played the game, out
FREE SPINESHANK May 03, 2001 9:46:05 AM UTC Radio station WNOR has put together a show...a free show. On May 8th, at Norva Theatre in Norfolk, VA, Spineshank and Disturbed will be playing a FREE show...courtesy of WNOR. Now who says there is nothing good for free anymore? not
STREAMING SESSION OF THE WEEK May 02, 2001 4:40:20 PM UTC This week's Streaming Session Of The Week comes in the form of 2 mp3 downloads. We are very pleased to announce that we finally have a couple tracks from Ill Nino's upcoming Revolution...Revolucion LP (currently slated for a July 10th
THE EVOLUTION OF REVOLUTION May 02, 2001 4:27:08 PM UTC Well, almost everything you could ever want to know about Fear Factory's tour, not all dates have been made as of yet...but here is the general idea - The Evolution Of Revolution Tour is the name. Fear Factory is the headlining act
OFFICIAL WORD ON THE SLIPKNOT CANCELLATIONS May 02, 2001 3:50:57 PM UTC As you are well aware, Slipknot was to play 5 US dates this week before heading to Europe. As you also know, those dates have been cancelled. Slipknot has written their reason for the cancellations. Info can be found on the band's website
HEAVIEST TOUR IN HELL May 02, 2001 3:42:50 PM UTC With the recording of Deicide's upcoming release In Torment In Hell complete, tonight (05/02) is opening night for the Heaviest Tour In North America - Deicide, Gorguts, Marduk, and Withered Earth. It all starts in Ho
SEPULNATION 2001 EURO VERSION HAS BEGUN May 02, 2001 2:09:09 PM UTC Yesterday (05/01) marked the first date of Sepultura's SEPULNATION 2001 EUROPEAN TOUR. The first date was in Berlin. Tonight (05/02), they will be in Hamburg as their month's worth of Euro dates continues. Amongst Sep's travels in Europe, it ha
UPDATES FROM ACROSS THE ATLANTIC May 02, 2001 2:01:04 PM UTC As in the US, Fear Factory's DIGIMORTAL was released abroad last week. Here is the word - #10 Australia Aria Charts #24 UK National Album Charts #25 Finnish Album Charts #69 Mega Top 100 Album Charts in Holland and as for the US, nu
15 QUESTIONS FOR 36 CRAZYFISTS May 01, 2001 6:14:15 PM UTC 36 Crazyfists is currently recording their Roadrunner debut which is to be titled Bitterness The Star. In fact, today (05/01) marks their 1st day of actual recording. This upcoming Sunday (05/06), a couple cats from the Roadrunner office


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Nice. Works on CECH2104A!
Does this firmware allow installation and running of unsigned code? Also with the 3.55 cfw is there going to be a hermes 4.355 port coming out soon?
Those listed are the ones that were personally tested from what I can tell.
Umm no, I have it working just fine with Rogero 7.8 and Waninkoko's CFW.
Tested on cechc 04 and trouble , first corrupted data on hdd ps3 and automatic restoration process , then was 2 folders as we know for half a second system froze pop up rebuilding database and one folder left install package files , and where is this mythical payload 4 can't find it in the packages.
Had some one else say that, then they ended up with the same results as me. The game is my own personal backup, and seeing the same result twice leads me to believe its true for all.
If it does work for you without the results below, only thing I can figure is that it has to do with you having the "Game Data" previously installed.
Anyone know if its ok for the CECHC03 (EU fat with backward compatibility)?
It's good to see this but I may wait on the new debug CFW that will be coming out soon from Cyberskunk, Evilsperm, and company. I'm still on 3.41 jailbreak and just waiting for a solid solution.
Works GREAT... just as good as my dongle, great to finally ditch it before I break my USB ports
benefit to this over the 3.55 CFw's is that everything that worked before just works now. PSN, games with fixes (disgaea 3)... I'll move up to a higher CFW in the future but for now. THANKS HERMES!!! for letting me ditch the dongle!
blackbox ftp works normally, which it doesn't on 3.55 (right?)
Last edited by Jack Straw; 01-22-2011 at 03:50 PM Reason: Automerged Doublepost

subset: commoncrawl


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- Academics
- Programs of Study
- Construction Management
- Alumni Profiles
Alumni Profiles
"I graduated from Dordt College and then received an M.S. at Iowa State University. I spent 10 years as an engineer and then migrated to my true passion as a project manager in the construction industry. If a construction management program had been in place when I was a student, that would likely be the path I would have followed. This new program will provide another avenue for technically proficient young men and women to follow their passions and use their God-given gifts to impact our world."
Joel Veenstra ('90) is a project manager for The Baker Group.


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that and
lower their prices....
a lot
900 euros? seriously
"is Microsoft trying to gain monopoly again on the tablet market? "
my friend that was the whole purpose of windows 8, they thought that by releasing the same OS in desktops and tablets and then used the same tactics they used to dominate the x86 world they would also dominate the post-pc world.
But they made a terrible mistake, and that is delivering a OS that is neither suited for a desktop or a tablet
But it's fun to see where the allegiances lie, intel amd apple microsoft are a cancer that is keeping technology closed, expensive and unaccessible
The reason I like arm is that they license their designs and anyone can build a CPU and then you only have to pay them like 10 cents.
If they would open the cortex a15 and the mali gfx it would be a technological jump of many years


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On the occasion of its 12th consecutive appearance at the World Watch and Jewellery Show in Basel, CHANEL Horlogerie will present a collection of exceptional watches.
These pieces are the result of combining the tradition of excellence of CHANEL Horlogerie with the rare expertise of the Lesage workshops, a French artisanal embroidery house that has supplied creations for the most recognized names in Haute Couture for nearly a century.
These watches stand out through the exceptional work of their dials, which have been meticulously hand-embroidered by the artisans of the Lesage workshop.
Its precious motif is formed from diamonds, fine pearls, sequins and gold thread, and is inspired by the intimate universe of Gabrielle Chanel.


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Apply Lemony Flutter to your cuticles, and all the areas that need a little extra TLC, including feet, elbows, and knees. With LUSH products a little goes a long way, so start with a little and use more if desired.
Lemony Flutter
Hand Care
Product Actions
http://www.lush.ca/Lemony-Flutter/02361,en_CA,pd.htmlMore from Hand Care:
Lemony, buttery cuticle cream
We made Lemony Flutter to soften your dry, cracked cuticles and nourish your nails; it's our thickest, zestiest cream yet. In fact, it's so good at softening, our customers have been using it on other rough body parts, like feet, elbows and knees too. Fresh lemons infusion is lovingly blended in our rich butter base to brighten skin and lighten nails. Each batch contains twenty-two pounds of beeswax and cold-pressed avocado oil to moisturize and soften your skin. There are so many nutritious butters and oils in each pot, it's no wonder that such a little amount can go such a long way.
- Must-have: This is the product that quickly changes from a whim to can't-live-without.
- No more rough stuff: Softens hard skin all over the body, especially the cuticles and elbows.
- Sunny citrus: Lemons are excellent for brightening skin and softening rough areas.
Customer Review
"This is an amazing quality product! I suffer from extremely dry, cracked finger tips/corners of my thumbs due to continued exposure to rubbing alcohol swabs at work. I use this liberally on my finger tips and thumbs every night and in the morning my skin is so smooth
Fresh ingredients
= Natural ingredients = Safe synthetics
Fresh Organic Lemon Infusion (Citrus limonum) , Shea Butter (Butyrospermum parkii) , Beeswax (Cera alba) , Lanolin , Soya Oil (Glycine Soja) , Cold Pressed Organic Avocado Oil (Persea gratissima) , Cold Pressed Organic Linseed Oil (Linum Usitatissimum) , Mango Butter (Mangifera indica) , Extra Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) , Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) , Fragrance , Cold Pressed Organic Wheatgerm Oil (Triticum vulgare) , Lemon Oil (Citrus limonum) , Lavender Oil (Lavandula augustifolia) , Tagetes Oil (Tagetes minuta) , Chamomile Blue Oil (Matricaria Chamomilla) , Stearic Acid , Triethanolamine , Gardenia Extract (Gardenia jasminoides) , Cetearyl Alcohol , *Citral , *Geraniol , *Citronellol , *Limonene , *Linalool , Methylparaben , Propylparaben- How to use


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(44) Customer Reviews
Price Range: USD $135.99 to $394.99
Availability: Yes
Enter zip/postal code to calculate shipping amount
FITMENT GUARANTEE All orders are verified for fitment guarantee.
Premium winter tire for today's SUVs and Light Trucks. Satisfies On & Off-Road Winter Performance Needs. i*pike RW11 takes the lead in stronger braking power and superior traction in snow conditions. More powerful driving and braking forces will give you confidence on wet or frozen roads. Hit the road on a winter day with the i*pike RW11 and experience confidence.
Center Block - Block at the center area that consist of a series of rib form Improves snow & ice traction.Increased Kerf Center Block - Lateral kerf is adopted to maximize snow traction performance.Cliff Groove - Maximized snow adge effect on groove walls.Optimized Block Stiffness - Optimal block stiffness design technology is applied through the combination of the wave & step kerf for the handling performance optimal for SUV and LT applications.6-rows pin arrangement is adopted for the top class snow & ice traction performance Minimized noise by optimized pin arrangement.Variable Step Groove - Precise & Stable Cornering A tiered groove is applied, which makes a moving angle of the tread block smaller compared to the existing product non-tiered groove when cornering, to secure safer cornering running performance.
Had these tires over 4 winters now and I like em ! Of course the Hemi overpowers these snow tires; but the IPikes will get you up hill in a snow storm...No prob ! So if it works well on a Torque laden RWD V8 sick shift, then it'll work for you too.
Size: 225/60R18
Vehicle: 2010 Dodge Challenger 2 Dr Coupe SRT8 with 15000 KM of Tire Wear
Anonymous made this review on 3/26/2015 and is a Aggressive Driver (Hard Cornering)
Best snow tire I have ever had on an SUV. It handled great in all conditions and was nice an quiet on dry roads - unlike the last winter tires I had (had to turn up the sound on the radio when it was dry just to hear it!) I travel a lot up north and I needed an tire that could handle deep snow and slush - and I wasn't disappointed at all!
Size: 245/60R18
Vehicle: 2008 Mercedes-Benz ML320 4 Dr Sport Utility CDI (255/50R19) with 5000 KM of Tire Wear
Anonymous made this review on 2/2/2015 and is a Confident, Experienced Driver
I drive a 135i M Sport, and I still have no idea how these tires were recommended to me for my car. I have 205/50/17 all around, and by car the worst tires I've ever had. 1. In wet, dry, moist, dusty, warmish, etc. They are completely useless. I understand that my suspension is really stiff, and my brakes are really good, but wow. I'm not expecting summer grip, but I'm expecting some predictability when driving. 2. Stopping: if by any chance you need to stop short, get ready to 1. hear the drama that is tire squeal at semi-hard braking and having everyone stare. 3. don't even try making a right hand turn or left hand turn on a rear wheel drive under slight (normal) power. It'll be the D1 Drift Nationals until to take your foot of the gas. 4. handling on ver cold dry roads on an easy right that might have a bump or a dip... Expect to unwittingly drift to lanes outwards. 5. They reasonably comfortable compared to my summer rims/tires so no complaints there. I'm just uncomfortable stopping. 6. 2 Seasons, and they still look new, so i'm happy with that, but Tomorrow i'm siwtching them to the Michelin Pilot Sport A/S 3 because for some reason, I like stopping when needed. Snow who knows how it'll go, but on dry these are beast. Anyway, these tires are good for trucks and low power cars, but definitely not recommended for any high end/performance vehicle. Today is a brutally cold and dry road day and the tires are performing well but, but just have a little bit of little bit of water on them, and it's over.
Size: 205/50R17
Vehicle: 2008 BMW 135i 2 Dr Coupe Base 18" option with 2000 KM of Tire Wear
Anonymous made this review on 1/6/2015 and is a Confident, Experienced Driver
Have six on my dually 4x4 awesome tire I travel in the bush regularly in northern bc and alberta plow threw some deep snow dually are known to bad in snow and ice but not with these tires very impressed with their performance on icy highways and deep powder snow in the bush strongly recommended
Vehicle: 1500 KM of Tire Wear
Anonymous made this review on 12/12/2014 and is a Aggressive Driver (Hard Cornering)
All orders are verified for fitment guarantee
Verified by tire & wheel expert
We honor the fitment.
If your vehicle information is present on your order, we will verify fitment to qualify you for the 100% Fitment Gaurantee. If your order arrives and the tires or wheels do not fit your vehicle, we will honor an exchange and pay for freight for the return and new set. If there are concerns about your order we will contact you about potential fitment issues.
Our Fitment Gaurantee applies to orders that come with full vehicle information (Year, Make Model, Sub-Model). If you are confident that the vehicle information is not necessary for your order, we will proceed without checking fitment. However, in the event there is a fitment issue with your order, we will honor a return/exchange, as per our return / refund policy. You will be responsible for freight charges (both ways).


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Sumo Battle 3D is a wacky multi-platform 3D game, delivering fun and intense one-button gameplay for up to four people on a single PC!
Get your SUMO RAGE on and throw yourself in an intense battle for glory and points with your friends.
Fun includes:
Three gameplay modes:
Sumo Battle - Battle with your friends or against bots for points by throwing opponents off the arena with your mighty belly!
Survival Mode - Survive an ambush by the fierce Sumo Ninjas! How many opponents can you throw out before your lives run out?
Sushi Hunt - Time is running out! Get each new sushi to reset the clock. But beware - with the rise of tension rises the speed of the game. Do you think you have quick reflexes? Let's see!
Four characters to choose from, each with their unique styles and goofy voices.
Four more sumo characters, unlockable by certain achievements in the different game modes.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.


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Hillary Clinton plans to resign as secretary of state as soon as President Obamas choice to replace her has been confirmed by the Senate. Although Clinton and Obama were rivals for the Democratic presidential nomination four years ago, they have worked together remarkably well, and Clintons reputation globally as well as here in the United States has grown on account of her impressive performance at the State Department.
The Obama-Clinton team has been especially impressive during the current crisis between Israel and the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, and while the cease-fire was brokered primarily by Egypts new president, Mohamed Morsi, the Americans influenced the negotiations.
There are clear indications that Obamas first choice as Clintons successor would be the current American ambassador to the United Nations, Susan Rice. But that possibility has created an unlikely political firestorm on Capitol Hill, so there has been speculation that Obama might turn instead to Sen. John Kerry, the Massachusetts Democrat who many believe has long aspired to be secretary of state.
The average American citizen may have insufficient knowledge of either Rice or Kerry to know which would be the better nominee, but there are issues surrounding the nomination process that suggest it has become cynically enmeshed in partisan politics. Some, perhaps many, Republicans appear determined to deny a Democratic president his first choice for a vitally important position.
Sens. John McCain of Arizona and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina are leading the charge against the nomination of Rice, but they are doing so for reasons that defy logic unless their logic includes the calculation that putting Kerry in charge at the State Department would give Republicans a chance to capture his seat in the Senate and thus weaken the Democrats.
Curiously, several years ago during another nomination debate, McCain famously said this about the process: We all have varying policy views, but the president, in my view, has a clear right to put into place the team he believes will serve him best. He apparently has changed his mind.
But the strangest part of this drama playing out in Washington is that 97 Republican members of the House recently fired off a letter to the president challenging the rumored nomination of Rice, even though they know that the House has absolutely no say in the process. Under these circumstances, how could the American people see that letter as anything but a purely political ploy by the presidents diehard opponents who were still wringing their hands over the election results?
The principal objection to Rice, at least as expressed by her Republican critics, is that she was less than truthful when, prior to the election, she told several television interviewers that to the best of her knowledge the attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, was not an act of terrorism, but of course we now know that in fact it was. The point that must be emphasized is that at the time she spoke on television, Rice did not know this.
Initially, the fact there was controversy over what Rice said was neither surprising nor unfair, but subsequent authoritative disclosures have proved that what Rice said was, as far as she knew at the time, totally truthful and that she couldnt have honestly said anything else.
If McCain, Graham and their colleagues were fair and honest, theyd concede that and let the president select his nominee unimpeded by their partisanship. Also, the 97 members of the House who wrote that scathing letter to the president should apologize.MORE IN LettersAs the school year begins to wind down, we would like to take a moment to thank all of the... Full StoryVermonts cherished social fabric dates from when typical rural Vermonters were born and... Full StoryIt seems that there was a lot of extra security from private firms at the May Day celebration for... Full Story -
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Contains all three Tenchi Muyo movies in one collection!
Tenchi the Movie: Tenchi Muyo in Love The GP headquarters has vanished leaving one word behind: "Kain." Meanwhile, back on Earth, Tenchi's body begins to dissolve! In order to save his own life, Tenchi must first travel to the past to save the life of his mother's!
Tenchi the Movie 2: The Daughter of Darkness Tenchi has a daughter?! Who could the mother be? Will the girls be able to find out before she takes Tenchi into the darkness with her?
Tenchi Forever Tenchi leaves home to find a new life with Haruna, his true love. However, who is this woman really and what has she done to Tenchi that would block out his past? Ayeka and Ryoko now have to discover what Haruna wants with Tenchi and to rescue him before he disappears forever!
DVD Features: Production Notes Including Director's Comments, Interview with Composer Christopher Franke, Theatrical & TV Spot Trailers.
Spoken Languages: English, Japanese, English subtitles.
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Green Mountain Naturals Hot Apple Cider (54 K-Cups)
- Free Pickup
About this item
About the Flavor
Hot Apple Cider from Green Mountain Naturals® puts a new spin on a familiar favorite. The fresh, juicy goodness of sweet orchard apples is captured in convenient K-Cup® packs. Made with real apples! Ingredients: Dried Apples, Brown Sugar, Natural Flavors, Organic Malic Acid, Reb A (Stevia Extract)
About the Brand
Hot Apple Cider is the first variety from Green Mountain Naturals®, a harvest of family-friendly drinks made with fruit – the kind you find overflowing from baskets at your local farmer's market. We take the fresh-picked goodness and squeeze it into K-Cup® packs. Within seconds, you get a delicious, real fruit brew that's good for your entire family.
Brand: | Green Mountain Naturals |
Cup Count: | 54 K-Cup Packs |
Roast: | n/a |
Flavor: | Hot Apple Cider |
Certification: | Kosher Certified |
Assembled Country
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Warranty Information
This product is covered by the Sam's Club Member Satisfaction Guarantee.


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QBookshop Worldwide |
About Us Looking for the latest in design industry trends or graphic art reference? There's a book for that at Rockport Publishers. Rockport creates beautifully illustrated source books for professional designers and artisans of all types. Rockport's books present the best in design work from around the world and bring readers inside the world's most talented design and art studios to see how the work gets done and the inspiration that lies behind each finished piece.
April 23,2014 The Quarto Group was featured in Publishers Weekly London Book Show Daily on April 9, 2014. Here are a few excerpts from the article. Learn More. February 26,2014 Quarto (LSE: QRT.L), the leading global illustrated book publisher and distribution group, on February 26 announced a rebrand of its publishing divisions, comprising new names and a new visual identity, which better represents how the divisions work together. With shared domestic, international and foreign language sales teams Quarto is one integrated supplier to customers worldwide. The new names and logos make this clear while capitalizing on the company�s 38-year-old heritage. Learn More. September 9,2013 If you're anything like many people, you gravitate towards anything fashion-related, soaking up all the information you can find. Well, Alicia Kennedy has made it easier for us to do that with her new book, Fashion Designed, Referenced, written in collaboration with Emily Banis Stoehrer and Jay Calderin.
Armed with dazzling photos and a handy historical timeline, this is a one-stop resource on the path to becoming a fashion know-it-all. Learn More.
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Providence Public Library is an essential agency of public education and crucial to the infrastructure of the Rhode Island community. We are one of the few major libraries in the United States that is a private not-for-profit institution governed by a Board of Directors, giving us the flexibility to respond to community need rapidly and effectively. More...
Interested in holding
your special event at
Providence Public Library?
Call today...401.487.6173
Take an online tour
of our historic Library.
Need help using your new Laptop or iPad? Want assistance attaching a resume to an email?
Book a 30- or 60-minute appointment for one-on-one technology help at PPL @ 150 Empire St., 5th Floor!
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Our current FREE Workshop Series continues through May 9. Offered by PPL & RI SCORE.
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Providence Public Library... Building for the Ages
Historic building tours - 1st & 3rd Tuesdays!
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PPL Special Collections - Glass Negatives
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Progress Lighting P2500-20 Antique Bronze AirPro 42 Five-Blade Indoor Ceiling Fan with Reversible Dual-Finish Fan Blades
- Manufacturer Information
- Customer Reviews
- Questions From Community
42" AirPro ceiling fan with 5 reversible Classic Walnut/Medium Cherry blades, Antique Bronze finish, and 15 year limited warranty. Integral pull chain is Antique Brass with medium oak fob. Powerful AirPro motor features 3-speed, triple-capacitor control that can also be reversed to provide year-round comfort. Includes convenient Quick-Install canopy system and can be installed on vaulted ceilings up to 4:12 pitch; additionally, the fan can be installed with no downrod to accommodate lower ceilings.
Energy Information at High Speed:
- 42" indoor ceiling fan with 5 blades
- Compatible with Progress Lighting Universal Light Kits
- Brushed Nickel finish with reversible Cherry/Natural Cherry blades.
- Antique Bronze finish with reversible Classic Walnut/Medium Cherry blades.
- Airflow 2415 Cubic Feet Per Minute
- Electricity Use 49 Watts (Excludes Lights)
- Airflow Efficiency 50 Cubic Feet Per Minute Per Watt
Product Details
Manufacturer | Progress Lighting |
Sku | P2500-20 |
Downrod | Yes |
Flush Mount Adaptable | No |
Light Kit Compatible | No, Yes |
Assembly Required | No |
Product Dimensions & Details
Family | Airpro |
Finish | Antique Bronze |
Style | Transitional |
Country Of Origin | CN |
Dimensions | Size: 42" dia., 12-3/8" ht. |
Height | 12.38" |
Length | 12.38" |
Width | 42.00" |
Disp Diameter | 42" |
Theme | Traditional |
Weight | 14 lbs |
Bulb/Light Information
Bulb Included | No |
Dark Sky | No |
Energy Star | No |
ADA | No |
CA Title 24 | No |
CUL Listed | Yes |
CUL Rating | Dry location only |
UL Listed | Yes |
Fan Information
Blade Pitch | 12 |
Number Of Blades | 5 |
Motor Size | 153mm x 10mm |
Downrod 1 Diameter X Length | 4.25 |
Blade Span | 42" |
Blades Sold Separately | No |
Fan Control Type | Pull Chain |
Reversible Mounting | No |
CFM High | 2415 |
Light Kit Included | No |
Electric Information
Shipping Information
Ships Ground. Eligible for expedited shipping | Yes |
Manufacturer Information
Manufacturer Information
Progress Lighting
Progress Lighting offers 5,000 lighting products, the largest single source for residential and commercial lighting applications. Progress's dedication to producing innovative and quality lighting products has earned them ENERGY STAR partner of the year, as well as the 2010 Lighting For Tomorrow award.
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Progress Lighting P2612-20TAntique Bronze AirPro 40W Three-Light Ceiling Fan Light Kit with Etched Light Umber Glass Shade$52.83Progress Lighting P2643-20TAntique Bronze AirPro 40W Four-Light Ceiling Fan Light Kit with Topaz Glass Shades and Pull Chain Switch$53.55Progress Lighting P2637-80Forged Black AirPro Quick Connect Single-Light Fan Light Kit with Frosted Seeded Glass$62.10
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Progress Lighting P2605-14424" ceiling fan accessory downrod with a 11'-12' recommended ceiling height. Part of the Air Pro family.$23.13Progress Lighting P2607-14448" ceiling fan accessory downrod with a 13'-15' recommended ceiling height. Part of the Air Pro family.$38.88Progress Lighting P2608-14460" ceiling fan accessory downrod with a 14'-16' recommended ceiling height. Part of the Air Pro family.$48.87
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Nearly 100 sons and daughters of DOE and NNSA employees participated in today's "Bring our Daughters and Sons to Work" day. The event is geared for children to see what their parents do when at work, and it is also is intended to start a conversation about his or her own future. This year, the foundation that created this event is celebrating its 20th anniversary. Several activities planned for the DOE event include face painting, fitness activities, educational programs include a health and nutrition talk and a presentation on solar energy.
The Physical Sciences Facility Project, funded in part by NNSA, recently received the DOE Secretary's Award of Excellence in Project Management. Deputy Energy Secretary Daniel Poneman presented the award to DOE's Pacific Northwest Site Office and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Deputy Secretary Poneman stands at left in the photo, next to DOE's Chad Henderson, PNNL's Jeff Pittman, and DOE officials Marcus Jones, Daniel Lehman and Ingrid Kolb.
The seven-year, $224 million project was co-funded by NNSA and other federal agencies. It was managed by an integrated team consisting of the DOE's Office of Science, the NNSA, the Department of Homeland Security, and PNNL.
The 200,000-square-foot complex houses unique, state-of-the-art equipment to support national and homeland security and energy research missions, particularly the development and advancement of radiation detection technologies. Scientists use the Radiation Detection and Ultra-Trace laboratories to help identify weapons of mass destruction and terrorist activities. The Large Detector Laboratory and accompanying Test Track are used to develop and test radiation detection technologies for deployment. Entrenched 40 feet below ground is the Underground Lab, which supports homeland and national security missions in radiation detection. The complex also includes a Materials Science & Technology Laboratory to develop and test high-performance materials used in future energy, construction, and transportation technologies and systems.
The facility project, which was completed ahead of schedule and within budget, allowed for a smooth transition of a large group of PNNL researchers and equipment to new facilities while minimizing impacts to mission-critical research.
DOE gives the award annually to management teams that have demonstrated exceptional results in completing a project within cost and schedule.
For the second year in a row, B&W Pantex has been selected as the recipient of a prestigious national award from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), winning the 2012 Frances Perkins Vanguard Award in recognition of its work with women-owned small businesses.
Last year, Pantex won the Dwight D. Eisenhower Award for excellence in utilization of small businesses.
"To be honored two years in a row by the SBA is a tremendous accomplishment," said B&W Pantex General Manager John Woolery. "These awards validate our commitment to financial stewardship and to the support of small businesses throughout the local area."
Pantex officials announced the award win at Corporate Technology Group (CTG), one of the women-owned small businesses Pantex works with in Amarillo, Texas. CTG was founded in Amarillo in 1981 as a computer and information technology service company. It now has offices in Amarillo and Arlington, Texas, and employs about 20 people.
The Perkins award was created in 1963 and is named after Frances Perkins, the U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Secretary Perkins was the first woman appointed to head a U.S. Cabinet post.
B&W Pantex consistently exceeds goals for direction of contracting work to businesses owned by disadvantaged groups. In fiscal year 2011, Pantex spent $19,897,945 with women-owned small businesses, a total of 17.8 percent of the $112 million in subcontracting dollars spent that year, nearly double the performance goal of 9 percent set by the Department of Energy.
About the photo:
Mark A. Padilla, second from right, assistant manager of contract administration and business management with the Pantex Site Office, talks with Corporate Technology Group (CTG) Executive Vice President Roxanne Hudson and B&W Pantex General Manager John Woolery at the CTG offices. Pantex officials were on hand at CTG to announce Pantex had received the 2012 Frances Perkins Vanguard Award from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) for excellence in utilization of women-owned small businesses. This is the second year in a row that Pantex has been honored with a national award from the SBA for its support of small businesses. CTG, an Amarillo-based woman-owned small business, has been working with Pantex for more than two decades as a subcontractor.
The five people in the other photo are, from left: Brad Brack, small business program manager at Pantex, Woolery, Hudson, Padilla, and Mike Tryon, division manager for supply chain management at Pantex.
The Department of Energy–Savannah River (DOE-SR) and WSI-SRS, the security contractor at the Savannah River Site (SRS), are hosting the Security Protection Officer Team Competition (SPOTC) at SRS this week. The 2012 Carolina Challenge at SRS marks the 40th anniversary of SPOTC.
A tactical, skills-oriented firearms competition, SPOTC is open to teams of protective force officers within the DOE Complex. In addition, U.S. law enforcement and international competitors will participate. Sixteen teams will compete with local teams that include; WSI-SRS, Aiken Department of Public Safety, and Columbia County Sheriff's Department.
Teams test the skills developed to protect National assets in the event of a real-world crisis. To negotiate the various courses of fire, teams have to demonstrate a wide range of skills under the mental and physical stress of competition, to include: maneuvering safely through obstacles; shooting from unconventional firing positions; and rescuing downed officers.
B&W Pantex hosted its annual car race this weekend as part of the National Science Bowl competition. More than 15 teams of middle school students from across the Texas Panhandle gathered to race cars powered by a lithium ion battery down a 20-meter track. A bottle of water attached to the cars provided weight and increased the challenge of extracting speed from the cars.
The DOE provided kits the students used to build their cars over the past month. Battery-powered cars were selected this year to honor President Obama's goal of putting one million electric vehicles on the road by 2015.
Panhandle White took first place, while the Silver Team from Bovina, Texas, came in second. Third place went to the Gold Team from Panhandle, Texas.
Pantex employees help to plant a tree during the Regeneration 2012 event that was part of the Earth Day commemoration in Amarillo this weekend. Pantexans assisted in the event, where more than 250 trees were planted, along with landscaping and cleaning efforts at Amarillo's Thompson Park.
Dan Blumenthal, NNSA Consequence Management program manager, and Steve Musolino, Brookhaven National Laboratory health physicist, have contributed as special editors of the May 2012 issue of Health Physics, the journal of the Health Physics Society. The special issue of the journal is devoted to the overview of U.S. radiological response to the Fukushima accident, both in Japan and in the U.S. The issue highlights an overview of DOE/NNSA's response: modeling; aerial and ground surveys; home team challenges; and the range of data assessment and products.
The issue contains 15 articles and commentaries, nine of which come from DOE/NNSA (two from NNSA and seven from NNSA national laboratories), two from DoD, one from EPA, two from HHS, and one from the states giving their perspective.
To see the journal, click here.
The lead that flies at the Pantex Firing Range has to land somewhere, and when it does, it could create a potential contamination hazard. That's why a group of Pantexans got together to find a better way, and created a program that shows how Pantex goes the extra mile to protect the environment.
The project to "green" the firing range had two components encompassing both indoor and outdoor firing ranges, which are used to train Security Police Officers (SPOs) in the use of firearms. The effort reduced by tons the amount of hazardous waste generated during normal operations of the ranges.
"At Pantex, we are continually looking for ways to accomplish our mission while minimizing the impact on the environment," said B&W Pantex General Manager John Woolery.
The indoor range was annually generating approximately 2,400 pounds of lead-contaminated waste through the use of lead bullets. Although much of the lead was recycled, about 1,100 pounds of lead-contaminated air filters and sludge were not recyclable and had to be disposed of as hazardous waste. Additionally, lead dust released when the bullets struck targets created an airborne hazard for the SPOs.
To correct the issue, Pantex switched to a new bullet trap, abated lead in the range building and changed over to non-lead ammunition. The indoor rounds, which are generally made from compressed copper or zinc, are frangible, meaning they break into pieces upon impact and don't create an airborne dust hazard like a conventional lead bullet.
The amount of lead waste generated by the indoor range is dwarfed by the amount of lead that lands in the outdoor ranges. Outdoor ranges at Pantex are backed by earthen berms that are covered by a layer of dolomite, a mineral that is used to trap bullets that pass through targets and strike the berms. When the dolomite layer becomes packed with lead over many years of use, it creates a ricochet hazard and must be replaced.
Normally, the nearly 1,500 tons of lead-saturated dolomite would have been sent to a hazardous waste landfill, but the team decided it would be much more environmentally sound if only the lead was sent to the landfill. The team found a contractor who could sift the lead out from the dolomite, and the material was reused to cover the berms.
As a result, only 24 tons of lead contaminated waste was generated and disposed, and 1,440 tons of dolomite was diverted from the landfill and beneficially reused. Although the environmental aspect of the project was the main attraction, the recycling effort also saved money, reducing the shipping and disposal costs by more than $400,000.
"We feel like the firing range project was a win-win for everyone," said Bill Mairson, manager of the Environmental Safety and Health Division at Pantex. "Not only did we protect the environment from tons of lead contamination, we protected our personnel from an airborne lead hazard, and we saved taxpayer money in the process."
In just five months, the Jack Case Center at NNSA's Y-12 National Security Complex has not only achieved compliance with a national building standard for energy sustainability, but has also accomplished a 21.4 percent reduction in energy consumption.
This reduction makes the 400,000 square foot facility Y-12's first building to meet High Performance and Sustainable Building (HBSB) compliance, which is intended to create more efficient and environmentally friendly work areas. Under Presidential Executive Order, buildings associated with federal operations that are greater than 5,000 square feet in size will be HPSB compliant. Y-12's New Hope Center is also in compliance, but had already met the requirements through LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) Certification.
Dino Herrera, Deputy Associate Deputy Administrator for Infrastructure and Construction says, "As the stewards of federal facilities, we strive to achieve substantial energy savings and avoid costs with improved efficiency. This effort has had a positive impact for both Y-12 and NNSA, and the Jack Case Center will account for 29 percent of NNSA's progress towards this year's HPSB goals."
The Jack Case Center was built with many energy-efficient measures already in place. Motion-activated bathroom fixtures have helped promote water conservation in check. Lighting fixtures utilize highly efficient fluorescent lamps, exterior walls are insulated, and all exterior windows are double-paned, insulated, and made low-emissivity glass.
For more information, click here.
In its 15th year of participation, Kansas City Plant provided more than 50 volunteers to the annual Blue River Rescue effort. Each year KCP joins hundreds of community volunteers of all ages to help pick up trash and plant trees during the largest one day stream clean-up in Missouri.
The annual Blue River Rescue event successfully cleaned up approximately 100 tons of trash along its banks.
The effort calls on community volunteers to be environmental stewards of a 22-mile stretch of land that surrounds the waterway which flows near the Kansas City Plant.


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This item is from the Spring 2009 season and might not be available anymore. (View current season)
Brown White
Description coming soon.
- Suede or canvas upper
- Padded tongue and collar for comfort
- Lower hidden lace loops
- Triple-stitched toe cap
- Full-length internal EVA midsole
- Lightweight and supportive strobel construction
- STI Foam™ Level 0 footbed cushioning system
- 400 NBS rubber outsole
- Sizes: 5-14
Foam Lite
Foam Lite insoles are tuned for maximum comfort and are formulated with a breathable moisture wicking material called Ortholite. This durable lasting foam stays squishy for a long time for superior comfort. The insoles also incorporate recycled rubber to make them more eco friendly.


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T&T Key Chain
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Let kids and adults know you think they're a star and give them this key chain to remind them.
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Tan 1999-up GMmodel shown View larger Q-Forms Kick Panel Enclosures Install 6-1/2" components in your 1982-1992 Chevrolet Camaro or Pontiac Firebird/Trans Am (1982-1992 blue) Item #: 044C100212 In Stock 1 Review Your price: $189.99 Earn up to 190 Rewards points Black 1986, 1992 Camaro/1992 Firebird beige 1982-1992 blue 1992 gray 1982-1993 Camaro/1982-1991 Firebird carmine (red) 1982-1991 light saddle (light beige) 1982-1991 doeskin (beige) 1992 Camaro/Trans Am flame red Add to Cart Free Shipping Lifetime Tech Support + Add to wishlist + Email me alerts for this product Ships Free From Manufacturer View all associated offers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Does it fit my car? Select your car Find what fits your car ----- Please select a year ----- ----- Please select a make ----- ----- Please select a model ----- ----- Please select a body ----- ----- Please select an option ----- Loading... Will that piece of gear fit your car? We've climbed into thousands of vehicles to find out. x By buying this product you'll earn up to 190 Rewards points. When you sign up for a Crutchfield account, you'll be enrolled in Crutchfield Rewards. You'll earn one point for every dollar you spend on gear from us. You can turn your points into Rewards Cards that you can use toward future purchases. You can sign up for an account now, or after you complete your purchase (you'll get credit for the points either way). Sign up for a Crutchfield account
by Leigh Schoettinger Many award-winning sound-off competitors put their mid-woofers and tweeters in custom-built kick panel enclosures to get concert-quality stereo imaging. But why pay hundreds of dollars to an installer when you can do it yourself? Just mount your 6-1/2" component system in Q-Logic's Q-Forms kick panel enclosures, and your car speakers will deliver competition-quality imaging without the expensive price tag. Q-Forms enclosures hold your speakers in an ideal position, angling them to maximize sound quality. Since the Q-Forms are located near your feet, the distance from your ears to each speaker becomes closer to equal, creating a superior soundstage. The driver's seat becomes the "sweet spot" for great stereo sound. Warranty: 1 year. Note: The Q-Forms do not come with pre-cut holes, so you must cut holes in order to install your component speakers in the enclosures. Installing the Q-Forms panel enclosures in your vehicle may require relocation of the parking brake pedal or other vehicle parts. Please enter your vehicle information or call a Sales Advisor at 1-888-955-6000 to find out if this model is compatible with your vehicle. Installation note for 1982-1993 Chevrolet Camaro or Pontiac Firebird/Trans Am: Installation requires the use of a secondary trim piece (included) to match the Q-Logic kick panel to the factory kick plate.
Q-Logic Kick Panel Written By Rahmieq, Bridgeport, CT on Sunday, April 07, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Q-Logic has poor customer service/support. Did not ship when stated, and do not answer customer's call. I called numerous times and left messages but never got an answer from anyone or returned phone call. I will never order another Q-Logic product again. Crutchfield is a excellent company to deal with and I will continue to business with them in the future. Pros: Excellent product. Cons: The button of the panel is not complete molded to the full length of the interior.


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quote:I will try to contact the dairy farmer before I just go pulling down the fence, even if it is on our property, don''t want his cows running loose. I also suspect that the fence is inside our property line and that he has been using our property to gain access to the creek. Not so sure how I feel about that yet, or if it is even true. We hope to get the gentleman who originally surveyed the property to come back and walk it with us to show us what we own, and how the fences are situated.
we are looking at 26 acres to buy, i was wondering how many t post it takes to fence it, and how many liniar feet that is? comparing costs, posts set at 20 feet apart with stablizers in between? we will cross fence it 2 x
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Town Manager Dave Wilbrecht said he's had it up to here in trying to convince skeptical Mammoth residents that Marianna Marysheva-Martinez is worth her weight in gold.
"We don't really talk about this very much," Wilbrecht said near the end of last week's four-hour marathon Town Council meeting. "Maybe we should."
Marysheva-Martinez, the assistant town manager, became the town's budget analyst in the first round of budget crises that affected Mammoth's crazy-quilt finances in February 2011.
She accepted a compensation package of up to $155,000 in salary, along with standard town benefits that raised the cost of the position to roughly $250,000 a year. Her contract runs through March 2013, according to town records.
Going forward without a finance director on the payroll—that position was eliminated 14 months ago—the town's restructuring plan assumes the need for a permanent director.
Since the first budget meltdown, Marysheva-Martinez led the town's part of the legal struggles with Mammoth Lakes Land Acquisition and the Ballas Entities group, eventually leading to a $29.5 million settlement over 23 years.
In the process, she has endured her share of criticism, many from those who object to her salary, but Wilbrecht said he has objections to the objections.
"There's no doubt in my mind that you wouldn't be here today, dealing with things in the way you have, without Marianna," he said to the council.
"There has been a lot of concern and criticism about how much money she makes, how much time she spends, and who is she and what is she doing. But she's been an invaluable resource for us."
In the same speech before the council, Wilbrecht also credited town attorney Andrew Ross for his part in the settlement.
He did not mince words.
"We reduced a writ of mandate from $43 million down to $29.5 million, and over time, that writ of mandate, had we paid it, would have been $60 million over a 10-year period.
"If we had financed the $43 million, it would have been close to $85 million or $90 million.
"We knew we had problems with the Ballas and Hot Creek deals to the development agreement, and there was at least $20 million sitting on the table with potential lawsuits over those things.
"You start adding all these numbers together, it becomes a very, very large deal we were dealing with.
"Without Marianna, with her capacities to analyze, deliver, speak to complex issues in simplistic forms—not that she's simplistic, but we are—I think she's been very, very helpful and I would defend that as long as I would need to.
"She's been loyal, capable, and I think she's done a great service for us. I just want to make that clear."


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Review: Jura Superstition Single Malt Whisky
Posted by Arctic Wolf on October 2, 2011
The Isle of Jura apparently has only one road and one hotel, and its population is about 200 persons strong. It has one Distillery which was built at an old smugglers' cave near the hamlet of Craighouse in 1810. The distillery in those early days led a troubled life. It was never really a viable enterprise, and it soon fell into disrepair and was abandoned. However, 153 years later in 1963 the distillery was rebuilt by two local businessmen, Robin Fletcher and Tony Riley-Smith who turned it into a going concern. That is when they began to distill their Jura Single Malt Whisky.
When the folks at Authentic Wine and Spirits learned that I was reviewing a few Single Malts this fall they added a couple of the Jura expressions to the review line-up. Last week I reviewed the Isle of Jura 10 Year Old Single Malt, and today I am tackling the Jura Superstition.
Here is an excerpt from my review:
You may read the full review here:
Review: Jura Superstition Single Malt Whisky
Please enjoy the review!
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Before comparing righteous Europe & carbon guzzling developing nations like China, things to ponder :
1. Whats the carbon emission per person in India & china vs Europe & US?
2. What rubbish are you talking on clean energy? - All European markets are reducing support for Solar while developing countries are embracing it
3. China manufactures the largest amount of clean tech equipment making it competitive with traditional energy sources
"Alas, global warming is global, so imports count too." If you are including imports in your measure of a country's carbon footprint, are you excluding exports? Or double counting them? I've never yet heard a member of the we-are-villainously-making-China-emit-our-carbon brigade answer this obvious question.
Otherwise, good article.
"Countries can also tax carbon imports without having to hash out some big, hairy, international agreement."
When this idea was being proposed in 2009 (around the time of the Copenhagen conference) most emerging economies made it clear they would retaliate against any such tariffs. I'm guessing the US might also retaliate. Unless the aim is a trade war which would reduce global income substantially, you would need an international agreement.
In my understanding, WTO allows countries a certain degree of leeway to protect public health. But if that is not sufficient and no other way can be found, that agreement does indeed need modification. WTO could be useful to judge whether the tariffs that are applied are just, in the sense that they accurately reflect the carbon-intensity of the production process, and are not a form of covert protectionism.
Regardless, it would be very sad if some countries would start a trade war over a measure taken for the common good.
"It is wise to worry when a government meddles"
It is even more wise to recognise that a natural monopoly, such as electricity production, can never be turned into a functioning market.
"transforming a national energy market to make way for clean new technologies is unprecedented, so some heavy-handed experimentation is necessary"
R&D is what we're missing. Science and common sense is what is lacking. If the national energy infrastructure was still determined by the CEGB, there'd be no market experimentation to foul things up.
The national grid was unprecedented, but it was designed and built in next to no time.
That's wisdom for you. The government meddling that is destroying the economy was the privatisation that would never have happened in a sane world.
Maybe global warming is itself a solution to...global warming. If it's warmer further into the winter, and earlier each spring, won't people burn less oil heating their houses? Less natural gas? Fewer logs? Seems like not an entirely bad thing.
Once again, as in this article, nuclear energy is completely ignored in The Economist. If you worry about the carbon footprint and also about a reliable and non-intermittent supply of electricity, nuclear energy is the way to go. Many countries, ranging from Finland to China, are building new nuclear power plants. Why not Britain ? Is it because of the spineless British politicians and policy makers ?
Have you looked up the cost and building time of that Finnish plant?
The cost, with overruns, will still be a fraction of the cost of building an energy-equivalent solar or wind power plant in Finland. Build twenty identical plants and the cost will plummet. And a nuclear power plant does not require an expensive back-up energy source, sitting idle when solar energy is available.
It does need uranium though, and the supply of that is finite. We can't all switch to nuclear. But I agree Finland's options are more limited than, for example, Australia's.
The EU as a whole, in contrast, should be capable of going CO2-neutral by 2030, perhaps in collaboration with North-Africa and the Middle East.
Yes. If N. Africa and the Middle East had natural gas.
To recap some points:
a. Taxes on imports won't hurt domestic industries. Great. After the WTO has been about developing countries reducing import tariffs (as then stuff was in UK and EU with the same carbon techs that China now uses).
b. China ends up subsidizing its products vis-a-vis high minded Europe. Right. EU's definition of poverty includes a one week holiday and a car. Presumably, China and India's slave labour will subsidize their products vis-a-vis high minded Uk and EU on this too.
Why can't EU just consume less, as such high minded behavior could save the planet? Ooops, I'm sorry......not having the latest iPhone 5 must be another deprivation indicator given the paleolithic iphone 4.
"transforming a national energy market to make way for clean new technologies is unprecedented". Is it really?
There are several countries that have been operating with feed-in tariffs to give preference to electricity which is produced from renewable technologies.
And if you are meaning a technological transformation, Denmark is currently operating it's energy system at around 30% renewable energy.
So what is it about the UK's plans that is unprecedented?
I can't believe the "free market" Economist is advocating subidies along these lines. While it is true that "Britain's grand tinkering may pay off," (Anything's possible, Gracie!) history suggests instead a bunch of subsidy-hungry firms emerging from the woodwork to promise the moon and the stars as a source of clean energy, while delivering considerably less. See Solyndra, A123 Systems, America's entire ethanol boondoggle...
I'm thinking The Economist website has been "punked" by the folks over at the Guardian. [SIGH]
In 2008, Japan was 10% over 2010 Kyoto target CO2 emission level, yet they managed to reduce that excess to a creditable 1% by 2010, thanks primarily to the drop in manufacturing and consumption following the Lehman Crisis. So, it could be argued that the economic depression is the most effective tool in combating global warming.
"Economic depression is the most effective tool in combating global warming"
Although the situation in the UK falls short of the definition for depression, you can't accuse the UK of entirely ignoring that tool.
But to their credit, they also looking for more positive and permanent solutions. :)
The best way would be to eliminate industrial manufacturing of anything altogether and return to artisan or family unit way of production. That would sharply and permanently reduce the British carbon footprint.
Replace your undies (Made in China) with loincloth, Sense Seeker, and you undoubtedly will find that elusive sense after all.
Ah, the tired old bogeyman that any move away from fossil fuels means going back to living in caves. No better way to show how you rate the intelligence of other readers.
Of course it's the other way around. This article argues for massive investment in the technologies we need for the 21st century and beyond, while you are arguing we should go on with the polluting technology of the 19th century until the wells run dry.
(Because before that happens, the Market Fairy will surely come and rescue us all - just as it did when our deregulated banking sector collapsed.)
No, darling, read carefully: once again, I haven't told a word about fossil fuels, nor of 18th century. I call you to happier, prehistoric times. Think John Clayton, Lord Greystoke... that's what loincloth means. No pollution whatsoever. Unk, unk! Woahoooooo!
Ah, I see feeding time's over.
Japan is also having a major demographic shift; old people buy fewer new things, are less mobile, and generally have much smaller carbon footprints.
But yes, economic depressions do result in smaller carbon footprints per person, because when we have less to spend and less work to do we need less energy. (Travel is also something that hurts when the economy is down, and it's a huge polluter. A gallon of gas can run a smartphone for a decade, but one trip across an ocean in an airliner burns around 100 gallons per passenger. )
"A gallon of gas can run a smartphone for a decade, but one trip across an ocean in an airliner burns around 100 gallons per passenger"
You are aware that the carbon footprint of the US Datacenter sector has overtaken the US Airline sector in 2011... A smartphone on its own won't enable you to enjoy much, after all...
Except that datacenters/ server farms are usually located where energy is cheapest. In Western Europe, most of the server power is concentrated in Switzerland (all hydroelectric), France (all nuclear), Scandinavia (all hydroelectric) & Iceland (geothermal).
I suspect that in the US, the situation is much the same - data processing can be done almost anywhere (latency is a consideration, but leaves enormous flexibility), and the cheapest concentrations of energy are rarely fossil fuel based.
(Perhaps I'm wrong thanks to the shale gas glut - but usually nothing is cheaper than hydroelectric or geothermal in locations where it is abundant.)
World population in pre-industrialised 1800 = 1 billion. World population today = 7 billion. Estimated death-toll from de-industrialisation = 6 billion. OK, it's a tad less than that because there are some agricultural productivity gains that don't depend on tractors, fertilisers, pesticides, etc. But, even if the death toll's a mere 4 or 5 billion, it's still not an easy proposition to sell.
It is a very easy proposition to sell - if you know to whom you want to propose. 'Death toll' is the Left's middle name, just check Stalin's, Hitler's, Pol Pot's achievements.
Progressive tree hugers have all gone Malthusian now. You won't frighten them with some meager 4 or 5 billion 'unenlightened', probably even conservative sods sacrificed for the "hope we can change"... no, "change we can hope for"... no, "hope", or was it change?... well, something we... no, they can "believe in". In other words, for the hopey-changey stuff.
"I suspect that in the US, the situation is much the same - data processing can be done almost anywhere (latency is a consideration, but leaves enormous flexibility), and the cheapest concentrations of energy are rarely fossil fuel based."
Sadly, in the US many States with cheap electricity use Coal as their primary baseload power source. This is why the latest datacenters in US often feature on-site fuel cells to generate power directly from natural gas.
Is it any wonder that the western world is suffering from a lack of growth when governements are hell bent on wasting scarce resources on activities that at the margin generate little to no economic value or indeed subtract value from the economy. This policy of subsidzing renewable energy is siphoning of resources that could be better employed elsewhere. Britain will live to regret this policy initiative eventually just as we in Ontario are now!
"Yet while a carbon tax is necessary for reducing emissions, it doesn't seem like enough to spark innovation in new technology."
The second half of that sentence undermines my support for the first half.
Both are ridiculous, but the first part is patently moronic. Tax as a universal tool for progress? Tax as a universal force in literal astrophysical sense? This could be uttered and promoted only by those who gain their tickets to the Rio/Kyoto/Doha bandwagons and slice of the concomitant junkets.
Tax as a tool for progress - doesn't fit your ideology of free market fundamentalism, does it?
But just like religious fundamentalists have to falsify history and ignore inconvenient facts to keep their faith pure, so free market fundamentalists have erased the entire chapter on externalities and other mechanisms of market failure from their songbook.
They'll happily drive us to extinction if their ideology tells them that is what the Free Market has ordained.
RP didn't say any of the things for which you're showering him with contempt. You're apparently debating a voice in your own head.
RP and I go back a long way, JB. And as to contempt, RP accuses people who hold opinions that are at odds with his own of profiteering: "This could be uttered and promoted only by those who gain their tickets to the Rio/Kyoto/Doha bandwagons and slice of the concomitant junkets."
You'll have to agree that that is not a very constructive way to start a conversation.
To add, you yourself accuse me of mental illness ("debating a voice in your own head"). How does that square with your indignation over my purported maltreatment of RP?
Calm down, Sense Seeker. I'm the last one to accuse you of 'maltreatment of RP', yours truly. Where there is no treatment, there is no maltreatment neither. So, if you indeed think that tax - whatever is its ideological basis - can change (or stop a change) in the nature, the Junius Brutus' assumption that you listen to what some progressive voices in your head are telling you has a very solid ground.
Don't feel miffed by this: there is no offense in a diagnosis.
Where there are market externalities, we either need a change in framing of property rights so that the markets & courts can handle it (i.e. cap & trade), or politicians can tax it to move prices closer to where they would be if externalities were accounted for.
Don't argue against a framing of law or tax for dealing with externalitis on principle - unless you want to attack the need for any kind of central government action in the design of laws or taxes (that would be interesting - but the most interesting part is how we build a viable alternative).
The weak point in demands for fossil fuel externality taxation (or c&t) are:
- the lack of robust quantitative information on the marginal climate change from each additional tonne of CO2 emissions
- the lack of robust quantitative information on the economy's ability to mitigate climate changes (e.g. small capital investments might see multiannual agricultural output grow at a consistent rate regardless of changing climate)
... and many other such holes, which make an efficient cap & trade or tax & subsidy regime about as likely as an honest politician (with a non-trivial risk of worse outcomes than would be attained without action).
"The weak point in demands for fossil fuel externality taxation (or c&t) are:
- the lack of robust quantitative information on the marginal climate change from each additional tonne of CO2 emissions
Such information will probably never be available. What if (as most climate scientists seem to think) the climate has a point of no return, a CO2 level beyond which the process becomes self-reinforcing? In that case the marginal climate change from each additional tonne of CO2 would not be a stable function: steeply rising as the tipping point is approached, and then rapidly falling as it's too late and we're fried anyhow. But it seems unlikely we'll ever know where exactly that tipping point lies.
What we do know is that if we don't act, we're almost certainly fried. Therefore I think this is a situation in which we all have to act with less than 100% certainty, and without waiting for reluctant others.
Most climate scientists don't believe in tipping points - precisely because there is no science to support such hypotheses. Yes, there has been speculation and that speculation might be right.
Common tipping point ideas:
- rising temperatures will melt the poles, reducing the Earth's reflectivity and increasing temperatures further. This is true, but the effect is almost entirely concentrated at the poles, and would not tend to affect atmospheric temperatures significantly nearer the equator. In any case, that's not a runaway effect - the poles can only melt once.
- rising temperatures will melt the permafrost, increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Yes, the permafrost would melt once (limited amount of additional gas to be released). But then there would be a rapid increase in biomass on the defrosted land - which should more or less cancel out (perhaps even exceed) the effect of the melting permafrost.
- that rising temperatures might accelerate deforestation and reduce the Earth's biomass, resulting in more greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. That's possible, but I reckon unlikely - humans have already had a bigger impact on forests than any plausible climate change. Thankfully for humans, believe it or not, the Earth's forests are a small proportion of biomass. The oceans matter far more important.
Tipping point hypotheses are most likely to be wrong. There has been an enormous range of CO2 & greenhouse gas concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere over the past 3 billion years, and yet we haven't fallen into a bad runaway Venus outcome. So the Earth probably has more natural forces working to stabilise rather than accentuate variations away from the comfortably habitable temperature range (most of that regulation is probably thanks to the oceans - they have absorbed over a third of our 21st century emissions so far continue to do so at an accelerating pace, much of it probably ending up in dead algae being buried at the bottom of the world's seas).
More greenhouse gas emissions will almost certainly mean a warmer climate, especially at the poles. There is an outside - but probably negligible - risk of a runaway Venus effect. What really matters is the marginal warming effects and marginal sea level rises from each additional tonne of CO2 emissions. As you say, we don't really know.
(And indeed, the economic impacts are even more uncertain - they could even be positive, if higher CO2 concentrations result in faster plant growth, more rainfall, more farmland, more annual harvests, more fish, more mining and more ocean shipping routes; all outcomes which have also been predicted by many climate scientists. Hard to weigh the positives against the costs of adapting to new climate patterns, new deserts/ bigger deserts in some locations, higher frequencies of hurricanes, higher sea levels, etc.)
I reach a similar conclusion to you in any case: we should place a fairly high price premium on CO2 emissions, and invest heavily in development of green energy. My opinions have changed recently thanks to the pace in cost reduction of solar and wind - while both have been (and still are, frankly) laughably prohibitive in cost, they are reaching point viable within 20 years. The pace of price & cost reduction suggests that present consumer subsidies (as opposed to producer subsidies) might be a good social investment strategy for reducing greenhouse gas externalities.
But it is important to keep all arguments rational, pragmatic and well-informed. Neither loony doomsday scenarios (even where supported by that common crime: extension of linear regression beyond the range of observed data), ignoring high costs nor God-clinging defiance of empirical evidence help anyone's credibility.
"Don't argue against a framing of law or tax for dealing with externalitis on principle..."
Not sure what you're saying. A straightforward carbon tax to offset externalities is reasonable, even if the externalities are hard to calculate. But I'll oppose legislation that earmarks those tax revenues as subsidies for central planners to award while they attempt to pick winners and losers in the marketplace.
That's cool.
Many people do seem to consider government intervention on emissions (whether tax or cap & trade) to be automatically inherently wrong, simply because they see such changes in general (whether on environment or other areas) as vulnerable to abuse of government & bureaucratic power.
That's an exciting argument, and one that I though you might be hinting at - I'm sympathetic to it, but the interesting subject really is what kind of institutions we can build to deal with externalities that don't create concentrations of government power or potential for abuse, corruption and bad decisions.
I agree with you wholeheartedly on the importance of governments not becoming beholden to special interests, or tied for making handouts to influential government insiders.
It is interesting to see just how rapidly the cost of solar voltaic and wind power has fallen - at rates of over 20% annually for over two decades. Over that time, most of that market was Germany, Netherlands and Denmark (with other countries & states joining in - California, Spain, Italy, France, etc - at more significant scale over the past 5 years). And that market was supported (rather, created) by high consumer subsidies and feed-in tariffs. Thanks to rapid cost reduction, these technologies are almost viable - and will be cheaper than today's fossil fuel energy by the mid 2030s on present trends. Since subsidies have been essential for achieving that, and are probably still necessary to support the scale of the industry & pace of progress, I'm now in favour. You've got to face the empirical evidence - consumer subsidies (in very particular cases, where new markets & technologies can be seeded) seem to work.
Despite that, I'd still hold strongly to your mantra - that narrow picking of particular winners is wrong. Wherever subsidies are given, open competitive markets are especially vital - producers should be fighting over consumers. Subsidy must be conditional on satisfaction of the goal - rapid reduction in cost & price; and there must be a credible plan for phasing out subsidies entirely over the long term.
Thanks for the thoughtful reply.
I would make one note. It's hard if not impossible to know how much longer solar/wind cost reductions to economic viability would've taken in a counterfactual world of no subsidies. And what is the benefit of expediting that development by those X years? So I'm not sure that solar/wind subsidies have in fact worked on a cost/benefit basis.
Agreed - none of us can be sure. Actual cost/ benefits are unknowable.
But the arguments around market seeding are plausible - this is precisely what large companies do, though on a smaller scale: running operations for many months or even multiple years at loss, while marketing & building market size (e.g. supermarkets opening new stores, most tech companies building new online services). Thing is, businesses usually expect their falling unit costs to come from scale economies within a couple of years. With wind and solar, the falling unit costs come mostly from decades of incremental innovation supported by rabid competition between diverse producers (throughout the supply chain).
As you point out, the trade-offs are unknowable and are changing over time (even if subsidies produced a more optimal allocation of resources 5 years ago - which we don't know for sure, but seems a reasonable assumption given the outcomes - that might not be the case today).
Perhaps we could have arrived at thin-film solar, using minimal scarce materials, manufactured robotically at massive scale at low cost, with slim distribution networks, etc just as quickly by pursuing a different path that didn't involve seeding subsidy.
It would be an interesting exercise in itself to try and construct plausible accounts of how that might have been possible; or alternative systems which might have supported such outcomes without subsidy (or with less subsidy). Since such alternative paths are obviously what we most want - not only for renewables, but also for the advance of other technologies that aren't receiving such subsidy, this definitely deserves analysis.
Any links to blog posts, papers, etc would be very much appreciated!
I wish I could share your view that tipping points and runaway warming are unlikely. But when I look at the temperature record over the past millennia I see some sudden and rapid upswings in temperature, entirely unaided by human action: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_Age_Temperature.png.
Regardless, the complexity of climate and the interaction with the human economy will preclude an accurate pricing of climate change. Based on sea level rise alone, I'd say the price is enormous so we can tax a lot before we're near the 'correct' price.
Instead of trying to put an exact price on climate change, I'd propose we design that tax with the aim to phase out eCO2 emissions: start low, then gradually and predictably increase it to a prohibitively high level.
Many variables have been responsible for wild climate changes in prehuman history:
- change in the locations of continents, and so in the Earth's heat absorption & reflectivity profile with regard to solar radiation
- changes in altitude of mountains, plant biology and the surface area of non-frozen sea, affecting evaporation/ transpiration, cloud formation and reflectivity of the Earth with respect to solar radiation
- mergers of continents, suddenly disrupted ocean currents, changing sea surface temperatures, evaporation rates, cloud formation and Earth's reflectivity
- major volcanic eruptions/ major changes to surface biomass (which, unlike ocean biomass, actually results in emissions when it burns or decays) - even today, a super-volcano eruption could release more CO2 than a decade of human activity, with wild amounts of methane too. Greenhouse gas emissions again reduce the Earth's reflectivity.
As we emit more CO2, more than half of it will be in the oceans (or at the bottom of the oceans) within a few decades. As the Earth gets warmer, we have ever more clouds and higher reflectivity - counterbalancing greenhouse gases to regulate the temperature (that is, temperature rise is less than emissions would suggest, and for each increment in temperature we have to emit ever more CO2).
With emissions within an order of magnitude of today, we can quickly melt Greenland and a decent part of Antarctica. As you say, that means higher sea levels and loss of some real estate (over a couple of decades, that's not significant - human beings just invest in new buildings on other land. It's the technology base and human capital that matter most).
That might mean a tipping point in some sense: yeah, loss of ice means more reflectivity and faster temperature rises at the poles for a while. So it isn't as though we can do much to slow down the melting of the poles even by cutting CO2 emissions to nothing by 2030 (which ain't gonna happen anyway, even with if we make oil burning a capital offence).
But there's no real risk of "runaway climate change", in the sense that the Earth's climate will remain within a comfortable habitable range even if we burn all the coal we can find until 2050. (Caveat: massive change with real & massive adaptation costs.)
But sea absorption and cloud formation provide powerful natural CO2 & temperature regulators, which become more powerful the more we emit. We can wipe out the majority of tree, mammal, reptile, amphibian & bird species. We can melt the poles and raise the seas. But there is no significant risk of anything that would massively impact human economic welfare (for the vast majority of people in rich countries - e.g. Dutch people can freely migrate to Norway, Germany, Spain or the UK and continue to live highly productive & enjoyable lives).
While climate change matters and we should take reasonable efforts to reduce emissions, it isn't as important as urban particulate emissions (which kills of millions of people annually in the US/ Europe today), the risk of a Spanish flue style epidemic, failure to provide physical exertion to every American or the need for universal access to good education.
Framed among a realistic set of priorities, we should seek to eliminate unnecessary emissions. Often, clumsy and bureaucratic measures are the most effective and equitable (e.g. extremely high sales taxes on non-commercial vehicles with worse than average mileage; or investment in urban cycle paths covering every major street; or insulation & heat efficiency requirements for any new building to receive planning approval; or government regulatory support for hydroelectric dams on every river and a large nuclear industry; or feed-in tariffs).
Cap and trade for industry would be great too - but it really ought to be global, or multinationals will just shift the location of energy intensive activity creating big barriers to entry for small businesses (while doing nout for the climate). That's precisely what would be happening in Europe (perhaps is happening?) if it weren't for the very low price of permits, and the low cost/ dubious effectiveness of "offsetting".
We'll have to proceed with a messy frameworks of regulations, taxes and subsidies on specific activities. It's what kind of works - inevitably inefficient and susceptible to special interests & rent seeking, but it's the best we've got.
Long term, as feed-in tariffs bring down the cost of solar & wind to the level where they could realistically provide 80% or more of the mankind's energy, we could probably negotiate a global cap & trade system (covering US, EU, China, India, Japan, Brazil & other major polluters - the economic impact would be at a level where the richer players could bribe the less willing players to sign up).
The great question will become: how do we stop Iran & Russia, etc from burning all the oil & gas they want to, rather than import green foreign capital equipment (however cheap)?
"We can wipe out the majority of tree, mammal, reptile, amphibian & bird species. We can melt the poles and raise the seas. But there is no significant risk of anything that would massively impact human economic welfare."
We seem to have come to largely the same conclusions regarding policy, but you are much more of an optimist than I am.
I like your optimistic tone, but would like to point out that there is little support for the counterbalancing effect of clouds to mitigate greenhouse-gas related warming, though, however much Lindzen is trying to push that idea. Climate sensitivity seems to be about 3C per doubling of CO2, of which 1.1C is the direct effect of CO2 itself. Also I am not afraid that we'll turn Earth Venus-like, but I think we might move towards a new equilibrium that could be >6C warmer than it is now. With the consequences you sketch above, except that I think we might be inconvenienced quite a bit.
But none of that matters, really, so long as we agree on the actions to take. Tackling climate change, particulate pollution, physical inactivity and obesity excellently go together - much to be gained there from transformation of our tranport infrastructure and food supply systems. And yes, we'll probably have to muddle on with a messy policy mix of interventions that work, one way or another, using the market mechanism where we can by ensuring the right incentives are in place, but straightforward regulation where that is not feasible. Much like how we are tackling the smoking epidemic, really. But much bigger, more transformative.
I'm very sceptical of the idea that clouds can have anything but a powerful cooling effect - seems to defy physics & chemistry (and, at the banal level, intuition & personal experience) to argue otherwise (though I'm sure that people have argued the point both ways - I seem to recall a rather dull discussion of cloud altitudes...). The beauty is that since we have almost no granularity or duration of data, and since there is such frequent flagrant abuse of frequentist (yeah, select your data and use a model that doesn't allow people to consistently update & test your model with wider datasets - shouldn't be allowed in published papers) statistics, it's possible to argue almost anything.
Sitting in Scotland right now, I can't hide the fact that I'd selfishly rather prefer a world that was 6 degrees warmer (disproportionately towards the poles), even if that did mean more hurricanes way up America's Eastern seaboard and California having to pipe water from Canada. Maybe we could grow olives & fruit rather than sheep & potatoes, and actually make more use of our beautiful (but chilly) beaches... I doubt temperature rises so high as 6C, but I guess we'll find out.
With a more philanthropic mind, yep - government urban & transport planning policies & procedures have an enormous impact on outcomes. Factors:
- provision of cycle paths;
- traffic rules (e.g. do cars always have to give way to pedestrians when turning right - even if pedestrians are still on the sidewalk - like in Germany);
- intersection design, e.g. frequency of lights along the length of a major road, whether four-way intersections are used (bad) or whether one road is designated as major with traffic from the other road having to give way (much more efficient, especially for cyclists, where at least one of the roads has low traffic volume); whether all traffic is required to stop entirely or whether bikes can legally roll forwards continuously (I didn't believe this when I heard it... most American states actually have laws against rolling through yield signs or something like that?)
- urban density;
- cost of driving in cities;
- prevailing fitness levels;
- shower facilities in workplaces;
- social pressure to remain fit;
- social attitudes to drivers (in some European cities, people who drive ten minute journeys would be seen as selfish and would lose friends, while fat people are sincerely given medical advice by new acquaintances. In many American cities this is perversely inverted, with cars seen as macho, cyclists seen as selfish and everyone cow-tows to & accepts fat people); etc.
The negative externalities from urban driving are far higher than in rural areas, principally:
- urban particulate emissions, one of the greatest causes of death in America & EU. Every proportional reduction in fuel combustion in cities saves lives.
- congestion: cars consume enormous space on any street, and urban land values are extremely high. The city government pays the implicit rent on that land by providing it as vehicle road space, but it might have better uses. And when there is so much car traffic as to cause jams, each additional car hour is surely consuming more human time than it saves (car travel in congested roads is a negative sum game - everyone just gets there more slowly).
<-- digression:
On my bike, I actually beat a police car into city today (over a whole 25 minute ride), which was quite fun since they made eye contact, we passed each other many times & they illegally jumped a red light to try and beat me (they failed - got stuck in slow moving cars).
- human safety externalities. They bulldoze pedestrians and cyclists - normally just rendering disabled, but killing often enough to leave everyone frozen with fear from time to time (every other week it seems I have a near death experience - or situation close enough to live that death in my mind). Damn, cars are too dangerous to be allowed in cities. Or if they are allowed, they should surely be paying high fees to do so.
Those are three massive externalities - and definitely justify urban road charging/ congestion charging (London style, or a more advanced version which charges per mile actually travelled on roads, at rates depending on the time of day & congestion levels of the road in question). A portion of proceeds should be used to lay safe cycle paths, market strongly for transport behaviour changes and to invest in reliable public transport systems.
If proceeds from a road are sufficiently high, then focus should go on expanding transport capacity on the routes served by the road. If proceeds from a road are especially low, then city government should explore alternatives: either letting local home-owners bid (i.e. pay an adequate annual fee) to retain a road, turning it into parkland or selling the land for development (increasing urban density is great for human health & fitness, for scale economies, for sustainable tax revenue and for the environment).
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