text:
Friday, April 17, 2015 6 comments
Thursday, March 19, 2015 8 comments
Friday, February 27, 2015 7 comments I have been following the Dukan Diet now for a month and I'm down 13 pounds so far, with almost 40 (36.6) pounds to go. That sounds like a lot when I put it that way... maybe I will decide I'm done sooner, I don't know. I'm a little hung up on w... Read more
Friday, February 13, 2015 8 comments This picture was taken on my driveway today. There are walls of snow almost as tall as I am on either side. And 12-18 inches are predicted for tomorrow night into Sunday! ... Read more
Monday, February 02, 2015 6 comments My husband didn't know that we public school types have to make up all snow days at the end of the year. Today is my third snow day in less than two weeks - will we be in s... Read more
Sunday, February 01, 2015 5 comments I was down another .6 pounds today, to 189.6. Buh-BYE, 190s! Yesterday was my first protein + vegetables day. I added spinach to my Dukan oat bran galette (a weird pancake that I actually have been making with wheat germ) and had a grilled ... Read more
Saturday, January 31, 2015 2 comments I love that I'm already onto phase 2 of this diet! Phase one was called "Attack," and it was five days, and I lost 4.6 pounds in that time. (Actually, I gained 0.4 two days ago as I mentioned in my last post, and I gained 0.8 yesterday, which - ... Read more
Thursday, January 29, 2015 6 comments Today I was up 0.4 pounds, but I'm not discouraged. For one thing, I had to weigh myself much earlier this morning, and I tend to weigh a little more when I have to wake up earlier. For another thing, well, TMI, but female cycle stuff happened. ... Read more
Wednesday, January 28, 2015 8 comments
Tuesday, January 27, 2015 9 comments I finally have a moment where Layla is napping and I'm in front of a computer (as opposed to my phone, where it would be hard to write a blog entry), and I have access to ph... Read more
Thursday, February 13, 2014 12 comments
Saturday, January 04, 2014 19 comments Surprise! I was only 35 weeks 1 day, but my water broke and the risk of infection was greater than the risk of prematurity, so I was induced. I had a fairly fast labor (Pit... Read more
Monday, December 16, 2013 14 comments This is a quick post from work for FITGIRL15, who continues to check in on me despite my major lack of keeping up with SP. As you can see, I've really popped! I wish I fel... Read more
Wednesday, November 13, 2013 13 comments I entered the third trimester a couple of days ago (28 weeks). It won't be much longer now! Here's Little Bit on the inside (28 weeks 0 days): (Her arms are both up,... Read more
Friday, September 06, 2013 10 comments onpoint.wbur.org/2013/09/06/pregnancy-rules I come in at 24:17.... Read more


text:
Musician's Friend Coupon, Promo Code & Deals
Get the most recent Musician's Friend coupon or Musician's Friend promo code and combine it with cash back for rock bottom prices. Check the Stupid Deal of the Day, hot forum deals and discounts in categories including guitars, accessories, amps, bass, drums, keyboards, recording equipment, DJ gear and more. You can find a ukulele, orchestral instruments and gear for all of your rockin' needs. Every purchase comes with a 45-day complete satisfaction, lowest-price guarantee.At Musician's Friend, you can find Gibson, Fender, Epiphone, Taylor, and many more well known instrument brands. On their website, you can find a number for customer service, in which you can receive experts' help. There are more than 300 people located at their call center in Salt Lake City. You can also find a phone number to call for coupons. This company started in 1983 with a $5000 loan, and business has been exploding since then. They have earned a lot of awards, and also consider donation requests to organizations that facilitate music education. Musician's Friend prides themselves on value to help find the best possible deal with fast and free shipping, providing world class service, having over 85,000 products with more than 1.7 million items in stock, and by offering flexible ways to pay including financing options.
Restrictions for Use

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(Australia 22 Apr 1911 – 27 Jul 1992)
34.7 x 29.8 cm image/sheet
'I like to involve myself in, maybe, a small area geographically and work it out, as simple as that' said Max Dupain in a 1991 interview.1 During his lifetime the photographer visited only three countries outside of Australia. His 1978 trip to Paris was made together with architect Harry Seidler, whose newly built Australian embassy building Dupain was commissioned to document. The long professional association between the architect and the photographer stretched back to the early 1950s, soon after Seidler's arrival in Australia. Dupain, through his expressive architectural photographs, was closely involved in popularising the modernist aesthetic espoused by Seidler's starkly functional buildings.
Conversely, the set of 21 photographs of Paris which Dupain compiled and presented to Seidler as a personal gift, does not contain any images of modern architecture. Primarily depicting 18-19th century landmarks such as the ornate Alexandre III bridge, the Grand Palais and Versailles this compilation offers a view of the city and its environs shaped by layers of history, mythology and art. Dupain was nonetheless well read in modern French culture and aware of photographers such as Eugène Atget and Henri Cartier-Bresson.
The Parisian images vary from pure architectural studies to compositions with an almost literary scope. They demonstrate Dupain's signature trait of combining the formal and social aspects of photography. In some of the works, Dupain gives classical architecture the same reductive treatment he brought to modern buildings. Stripped of embellishments, these photographs bring to the fore the essence of order, logic and harmony which lies at the core of classicism. The presence of human figures in photographs such as that of Napoleon's statue on the balcony of Les Invalides adds a dramatic element to the compositions. Dupain wanted 'to extract every ounce of content from any exciting form and I want to give life to the inanimate.'2 Time and the built environment converge in this personal ode to Paris, manifesting the incessant flow of life and the connectedness of past with the present.
1. Max Dupain interviewed by Helen Ennis in 'Max Dupain: Photographs', National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, 1991, p13
2. Max Dupain, 'Max Dupain –modernist', exhibition catalogue, State library of NSW, Sydney, 2007, p9
Max Dupain: the Paris 'private' series and other pictures, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 24 May 2014–31 Aug 2014


text:
Best gluten free pizza I have tasted since discovering my allergy! No cardboard crust, or harder-than-a-jawbreaker crust at Cottage inn! The gf pizza, AND cheese bread, were both baked on a foil pan to prevent cross contaminating the food on shared pans. We will return for sure!
Tasted like frozen pizza and not cooked all the way . Had GI distress for 2 days after eating their GF pizza . Would never order again.
107 Monroe Ave, Detroit, MI 48226
10$ for an excellent pizza served on a separate pan they used to cook it
546 Packard St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Excellent pizza. Not as greasy as some and tastes very good. Bonus... I don't get sick when we get pizza there. :)
5038 W Kl Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49009
This is our "usual" pizza place and have no reactions, we've eaten here dozens of times. They do warn that cross contamination could occur, but GF pizza goes through the oven on it's own aluminum foil pan that goes home with you. Please do be warned it could happen, don't be afraid to ask questions.
23233 Plymouth Rd, Redford, MI 48239
They have a fantastic gluten free menu and the bread is amazing!!
244 Joe Hall Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197
Good pizza. And they deliver. Expensive, but no more so than other GF pizza.
107 Monroe Ave, Detroit, MI 48226
Separate GF menu. A tasty pizza with a good selection of GF toppings. GF pizza crust is cooked in a single serve pan.
1208 W Michigan Ave, Jackson, MI 49202
They offer a personal 10" flat crust pizza, and it was awesome!
2900 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Tasty pizza! Prepared in a foil pan to avoid contamination.
7684 N Canton Center Rd, Canton, MI 48187
Decent GF pizza. Not great, but decent. Probably better than Dominos...
24045 Meadowbrook Rd, Novi, MI 48375
Worst GF pizza I have ever had. Weird because the cheese bread was pretty good but the pizza was disgusting. The entire thing was stuck to the pan it was delivered in so I had to rip it apart to even get it out, and it was a soggy crust.
520 S Main St, Chelsea, MI 48118
This is the only option for GF pizza in town. It's a personal size pizza, it only comes with cheese and each topping cost $1.00 more. The crust is more gritty then other pizzas I have had but isn't bad.
12830 S Saginaw Rd, Grand Blanc, MI 48439
The food tastes good. They use separate utensils & pans. I haven't had any problems yet. I highly recommend!!
505 W 11 Mile Rd, Madison Heights, MI 48071
$20 for a very small pizza with 3 toppings (barely any of each) on a tin foil plate. Was not even cut through and only 4 slices. I won't order this again. It totally sucked.
501 East Michigan Avenue, Saline, MI 48176
Had two pizzas, cheesy bread and an Italian sub. All three were made from the same crust. It was thin but flavorful and came in an aluminum pan. Their order system would not let them put Italian sausage on our pizza as it was not gluten free. The staff changed gloves and cleaned the prep area before preparing our food. Overall a very pleasant dining experience.
1635 E Broomfield St, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858
Great flavor! Wish gluten free pizza wasn't so thin, expensive and small but this pretty good.
505 W 11 Mile Rd, Madison Heights, MI 48071
This Cottage Inn used to not carry the GF pizza, but started doing so when the Woodward Ave. store burned down.I've had pizza here many times, and have never gotten sick. I always ask them to wash hands and to leave the pizza unsliced (I do so at home).And a cheese pizza with pesto sauce is better than garlic bread!
32980 Woodward Ave, Royal Oak, MI 48073
was great, but burned down and is out of business
137 S Cochran Ave, Charlotte, MI 48813
I love the GF Italian sub from Cottage Inn. It is delicious and is my new go-to take out meal. Great friendly service too.
3303 Dorr St, Toledo, OH 43607
I've found where this is listed on multiple sites as having GF pizza. They do not. I've called multiple times and have been told "no". I wish I could find out how to report it, but don't get your hopes up!
31266 Ecorse Srv Rd, Romulus, MI 48174
STAY AWAY AT ALL COSTS!!!!!!!!! VERY UNPROFESSIONAL AND RUDE MANAGER!!! GO WHERE THEY APPRECIATE YOUR BUSINESS because this one definitely don't!!! I ordered a pizza today FEB 8TH 2013 they sent me the wrong one, arrived 1 hour and 25 minutes later and stone cold. not to mention that this is not the first time i have had problems with orders before but never complained but i decided i wanna do it this time because the pizza they sent me was INEDIBLE .when i called to complain to the manager who comes at 5 pm, I explained to her that i don't want free pizza or discounts i just want what i paid for and that this is not the first time i had problems, and i did mention that the one they sent me was completely inedible!!!! she was very rude told me there is nothing she can do for me because the person who took the order was not supposed to be answering phones and that i have to deal with it and hung up the phone on me!!! I called again she left me on hold for over 10 minutes, i got upset called again, the phone kept ringing and ringing for over 3 minutes with no one picking up, of course because they have caller ID and she did recognize my phone number, i kept calling but again no answer for 3 times in a row, so i decided to used a different phone and call her. when she answered the phone i recognized her voice and ask her if i can speak to the manager, she said the manager is busy, so i asked for the manager name she said we don't give names out, i said that's the first time i hear that in a business where u can not tell me the manager's first name, than all of the sudden she is now the manager (after denying that at first) and told me " I was gonna give you a five dollar coupon but u don't deserve it and i am gonna hang up the phone". I did not believe how rude and unprofessional she was. I contacted the upper management office in Ann Arbor, but I don't know if they care enough to take care of their poor store managers!! if you check on yellow pages you find that many people had the same problem, and apparently that rude manager still there, what a joke!!!
501 East Michigan Avenue, Saline, MI 48176
Employee washed his hands and opened a fresh bag of cheese to minimize cross contamination. Oh, and the pizza was good too!
12830 S Saginaw Rd, Grand Blanc, MI 48439
Great gluten free pizza. Staff had no knowledge of gluten free though. Did not know if toppings or crust flavoring were Gf
520 S Main St, Chelsea, MI 48118
happy to see they had a gluten free pizza! it was yummy. the only thing I didn't like was the comment the guy made about what a pain in the a** it was to make it. I assured him it was more a pain to live it ;) dude! then I got extreamly sick after eating it!!!!
48848 Romeo Plank Road, Macomb, MI 48044
A lot like passport pizza but tastes better. All their toppings except for steak, are gluten free
4674 Cemetery Rd, Hilliard, OH 43026
This is the Best GF pizza in town (we've tried them all). We love the staff at attention to needs here. Our GF daughter asks for them weekly.
8317 Market Exchange Drive, Westerville, OH 43081
Their gluten free pizza is thin crust with all sorts of toppings available. You have to avoid the ground beef, meat balls, and sausage, but there are plenty of options available. The best part is being able to have pizza delivered instead of having to buy frozen or go out for it.
8303 N Wayne Rd, Westland, MI 48185
It tastes frozen like microwave pizza. It's good in a pinch.
24045 Meadowbrook Rd, Novi, MI 48375
It's ok tastes like a frozen gf pizza. Sometimes good sometimes bad.
546 Packard St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Great! Offers gluten free pizzas and even bread sticks. They have awesome gluten free deserts and deliver!
32980 Woodward Ave, Royal Oak, MI 48073
It's not a bad pizza, but it's a 50/50 chance I'll like it when I get it. Sometimes it's just not cooked enough for my liking. I feel like I'm eating a raw pizza. My daughter doesn't seem to mind it that way, so maybe it's just personal preference.
1970 N Opdyke Rd, Auburn Hills, MI 48326
They have a good process for prep and we have never had a problem with a reaction
615 E Grand River Ave, East Lansing, MI 48823
Worst tasting gf pizza ever and was sick for days
31266 Ecorse Srv Rd, Romulus, MI 48174
The pizza was very good. I have tried alot of GF pizza, and this had one of the best crusts.
32980 Woodward Ave, Royal Oak, MI 48073
When I first was diagnosed, we lived here every weekend, now there's more choices but definitely still a keeper. Is a better gluten free pizza than Buddy's. Also a delicious gluten free cheesy bread ( a bit greasy though!) to boot!
5589 State Highway 36, Pinckney, MI 48169
They are very careful to keep everything separate when making GF pizza. Tastes pretty good too!
Monday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Tuesday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Wednesday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Thursday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Friday | 11:00 am - 2:00 am |
Saturday | 11:00 am - 2:00 am |
Sunday | 11:00 am - 1:00 am |
Be the first to add a photo!


text:
The Aldila NV Pink graphite wood shaft is used by the 2005 LPGA Rookie of the Year.
The Arthur Xtreme Engineering Xcaliber graphite .370 iron shafts
The Graphite Design G-Tech graphite iron shaft has all the performance characteristics that today's golfer desires.
The UST Competition 65 Graphite Wood Shaft - lightweight durable design provides the ultimate club building flexibility.
Designed specifically for women with three distinct flexes for ultimate custom fitting
Arthur Xtreme Engineering XCaliber Tour SL Graphite Wood Shafts .


text:
The How White Are You Test
Their result for The How White Are You Test ...
Middle Man
You are 54% White
Their Analysis (Vertical line = Average)
They scored 54% on whiteness, higher than 51% of your peers.
All possible test results
Gangsta 'licious
Your ability to walk amongst people of different races is outstanding. You enjoy fried chicken and arent afraid to show it. Be proud of who you are, wether you're a brother, an eminem lover, or a 14yr... Read more
Middle Man
Ok so you did pretty good on the test. Your score says you appreciate different cultures, but you cant hide your true self. Just like the pic, you roll with the cool crowd, but you still go home to yo... Read more
Cracker Alert!!
Theres no hiding how white you truley are. But thats nothing nessicarily to be ashamed of, UNLESS you actually arent white... then you should bow your head in shame. Read more


text:
Letters From Nowhere 2
28 Online
Log In to play with your friends
| |
Rainbow Web 2by Sugar Games
Rainbow Web 2 welcomes you again to the wonderful world of the Rainbow Kingdom! The Royal Palace is still in the grip of the Sorcerer Spider, who has weaved a web of spells, making the palace into the last citadel of evil in the magic kingdom. Match gems on webs, play a Hidden Object mini-game, and put together jigsaw puzzles to rid the land of evil.
Report an Issue
Rainbow Web 2


text:
Thank you for visiting theday.com
To continue reading up to 10 premium articles per month, you must register, or get...
$1 for 12 weeks
Already registered on theday.com? Login.
Not registered on theday.com? Register.
No, thank you.
Published 05/10/2013 12:00 AM
Updated May 10. 2013 6:42PM
The four-and-a-half-year long effort to restore the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan reached a milestone this afternoon as the last plank, known as the "shutter plank," was wedged into the hull of the 172-year-old vessel.
Wanted: captain for 172-year-old whaleship
Robert Downey Jr. vs. Chris Evans: Stage set for a 'Civil War'
Riot erupts in Baltimore after funeral for man hurt in police custody
Yemen's exiled government declares 3 disaster zones
Captain of doomed ferry sentenced to life in prison
Nuclear attack survivors, 70 years later, now fading away
Looking to enhance sales, music industry is doing away with traditional U.S. release date
'Scratch' a pet's ears
Longtime Waterford police chief announces retirement
Survey finds America is becoming a binge-watch nation
Law would address state's opioid abuse crisis
Huskies bring back their 10th NCAA National Basketball Championship
Investigation details security breaches at U.S. airports
New London and Connecticut College students put voices onto a mural
Bruce Jenner: My brain is more female than male
Obama legacy
Maybe it's time to throw in the towel again, Mr. Mayor
State Rep. Scott put forward bill that could have benefited his business
New London to consider brighter future with LED street lights


text:
Hahaha very good :D
I'm not sure what I love most about this strip – the name FABULOR, Liala's offended HEY! or Fabulor's little mail shorts. Awesome as usual! :D
Oh god.. WHY with the hot pants (btw, are those Cobalt legguards from the Zoram Strand?), dear blood elf? WHY?!?!?! And the name Fabulor… awesome.
Hmm. I'm not sure whether I'm supposed to be lusting after Liala or Fabulor.
Think I'll go with general-purpose lusting, to be on the safe side. *pant*
Ahhhhhh love it! =)
That orc is pretty tough though /swoon
[…] Disciplinary Action: Episode 8 […]


text:
Advertisement:Close [X]
86% via 153 votes132
- 182,449
- January 27, 2013
Dane Jones
- 294
See all posts (0)Dane Jones At DaneJones.com we believe that sex is beautiful and endeavor to create unique, sensually explicit and passionate pornography capturing real feelings and genuine intimacy. Experience a new wave of couple friendly porn, shot exclusively by professional filmmakers and photographers in beautiful 1080p
Related content
See all posts (0)Twitter follow @porntube
From Our Blog Blog RSS
We are happy to help.
Flag Video
Choose your size


text:
Wee Books is a literacy program that provides Dawson County children with a free, age appropriate book a month, each year until they reach the age of five. The book arrives by mail each month, creates excitement, and a love for reading. If you are interested in registering your child for this program:
If you are interested in sponsoring a child, contact Carol Barry at 706-216-6323.
in partnership with
342 Allen Street • Dawsonville, GA 30534 • 706-344-3690Copyright 2009 Chestatee Regional Library System Comments? email firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
B&Q Single Pine Single Bed (H)935 mm (W)1.002 M (D)1.997 M
This single Henley single bed from B&Q takes standard 3ft uk mattresses and is made from a sturdy, durable FSC® approved pine.
- Guarantee - 1 year
- Back panels not included
Read moreabout B&Q Single Pine Single Bed (H)935 mm (W)1.002 M (D)1.997 M
- Brand
Product notices
- Home delivery Delivery within 2 weeks
Click & Collect
Unavailable for Click & Collect. Please check your local store stock.
- Our stores do not stock this product
[This is a block of tabs..]
Product Details
Technical specifications
Brand | B&Q |
Sizes | Single |
Material | Pine |
Height | 935mm |
Width | 1.002m |
Depth | 1.997m |
Timber approval | FSC® approved |
Timber certificate | TT-COC-003110 |
Health and safety information
Please note that this item comes with possible health and safety hazards. Refer to the container for full information and always follow the instructions.
Help & Advice
Buying guides
Bedding buying guide
Choosing the right bed linen is about more than just selecting a style to suit your bedroom: it's about creating a comfortable, relaxing space to unwind as well as one that looks beautiful. Simply swapping your bedding is one of quickest, and most affordable, ways to make changes to the appearance of your room. Whether you'd prefer simple and sophisticated or bold and bright, we'll help you find the right bedding for your home and sleeping needs.
Give your bedroom a facelift
Update your bedroom and look at sliding wardrobe doors and storage. Fitted furniture helps maximise space, from beds to new wardrobes. Follow our helpful advice to show you how to assemble flat pack furniture or how to try out new decorating techniques.
Creating your bedroom blank canvas
Maybe you've just moved house, maybe you're awaiting the arrival of your new baby or maybe you simply want to start from scratch. Your bedroom or nursery needs turning into a blank canvas before you can get those creative juices flowing.
More Information
Forest Friendly
All our wood is 100% Forest Friendly. This means using it in our products (from doors to wallpaper) does not damage ancient forests, harm wildlife or jeopardize communities who depend on forests now and in the future.
B&Q is proud of our industry-leading timber policy and 20 years of pioneering work on forests.
Product reassurances
Choose a convenient delivery date on 1000's of products
45 day returns policy
Customer support team - 0333 0143357
Free delivery on orders over £50
Home delivery orders placed on diy.com.
Excludes Next Day Bulk delivery goods


text:
LWL Expert and Hypnotherapist
Clinical Hypnotist
NY LWL Expert opens the door for a new kind of healing. She was featured in Possess your STYLE. Read her interview.
Have a question about membership, an event, or anything else?
We'd love to hear from you!
Click to Contact Us
The Dream It! Package
An introductory way to reach our targeted local community through a series of online exposure and marketing opportunities.
The Launch It! Package
Are you launching a product, opening a retail location, launching a book or interested in parlaying your expertise at one of our gatherings?
The Live It! Package
If you're a late stage launcher, big brand member or simply want it all, then this is the package for you!
Boost Productivity With Google Apps for Business | |
Dec 2, 2010 | |
Try Google Apps for 30 days, FREE. Google Apps is a suite of online business-class applications that includes Gmail for business with integrated IM, voice and video chat, shared calendars, word processing, spreadsheets, internal websites, and more.With Google Apps, everything is online which means you access these applications through any web-enabled device including your mobile ... |
Congratulations to StartupNation Leading Moms Winners! |
Oct 12, 2010 |
From among thousands of contestants, four of our local members are top winners in the 2010 StartupNation Leading Moms competition. Congratulations to:MaryBeth Reeves, Scrapbookmamma (#13) Joann Kandrac and Kelly Kole, Kandrac & Kole Interior Designs (#26) Oana Hogrefe, Oana Hogrefe Photography (#136) ... |
Member Hosting Opportunity
Are you a natural connector? Eager to spread the word and start connecting? Or up for some fun?
Facilitator Opportunity
Are you interested in bringing our workshops, meetings and events to your area? We'll train and certify you to run our programs in your Local Community.
Type a member's first or last name
Or select a member business category
Or browse a different community


text: GALLERIES Caterina Murino 0 26 Back to Top ▲ Caterina Murino Caterina Murino Caterina Murino Gallery AskMen Editors Share on Facebook Share on Twitter 0 Shares Though she's been a fixture on the European film scene for several years, Caterina has become a recognizable face in North America with her role opposite Daniel Craig in 2006's James Bond reboot -- Casino Royale. Continue reading Caterina Murino's profile. Next Page gallery Comments Show Comments More Like This Promoted Around the Web Special Features ad


text:
The FNS Food Distribution is intended to help supplement the nutritious meals served in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP).
For more information about the Food Distribution Program in DC including program benefits and eligibility, as well as program allocations and the types of USDA foods available, attend one an information session offered by OSSE's Wellness and Nutrition Services Division. In addition, the USDA ordering procedures, bulk food processing and the DoD Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program will be reviewed.
Tweets by @DCPoliceDept
View the proposed 2016 budget.


text:
A USDA-ARS Project to Evaluate Resistance to Varroa jacobsoni by Honey Bees of Far-Eastern Russia Apis mellifera is not native to the Primorsky Territory on Russia's Pacific coast, but was first moved there in the last century. At that time, pioneers from western Russia took advantage of the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway and moved bees from European western Russia to the Primorsky Territory in Asian far-eastern Russia. This far-eastern area of Russia is within the natural range of Apis cerana, the original host of Varroa jacobsoni. Thus A. mellifera was brought into the likely range of V. jacobsoni even before the parasite was scientifically described in 1904. This probable long association of V. jacobsoni and A. mellifera in the region has engendered one of the best opportunities in the world for A. mellifera to develop genetic resistance to V. jacobsoni.
In June 1995, a test apiary was established in Primorsky. Queens from a variety of sources in the territory were introduced into 50 colonies. Mite levels were equalized among colonies, and thereafter no treatments for mite control were undertaken. Between August 1995 and September 1996, monthly infestation rate data for worker and drone brood were collected. For comparison, we ran a test in Baton Rouge, collecting similar data.
Reference to full article: DANKA, R. G., RINDERER, T. E., KUZNETSOV, V. N., DELATTE, G. T. 1995. A USDA-ARS project to evaluate resistance to Varroa jacobsoni by honey bees of Far-Eastern Russia. American Bee Journal 135: 746-748. |
An Importation of Potentially Varroa-Resistant Honey Bees from Far-Eastern Russia In an earlier report (ABJ 135:11, 746-748) we described the initiation of a project to evaluate potential resistance to Varroa jacobsoni by honey bees from the Primorsky Territory on Russia's Pacific coast. Because the two sets of data were not collected in the same place under the same conditions, a direct comparison of the data from Russia and the data from the United States cannot be used to conclude that the Russian bees showed or did not show resistance to Varroa. The only sure way to determine if the encouraging results we saw in the Primorsky were due to genetic resistance was to test the bees in the U.S. with U.S. mites. In late June of 1997, a collection of 100 Primorsky honey bee queens was made and brought to the U.S. for further research. These queens were obtained from 16 separate beekeepers from a variety of places in the Primorsky. Some queens were grafted by beekeepers in preparation for providing queens. The collection of open-mated queens represented a total of 57 queen mothers. From the previous experiment, 2 queens which produced colonies having the lowest rates of infestation in the trial were each used to produce 10 daughter queens.
The queens were brought to the USDA, ARS, Honey Bee Quarantine Station at Grand Terre Island, Louisiana, on July 1, 1997 and installed into colonies prepared for them. The introduction was monitored by APHIS and the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry. As the colonies developed they were monitored for the presence of disease or parasites. Some colonies in the apiary, headed by queens of four commercial United States stocks, remained in the apiary as an additional check for the presence of slowly developing diseases.
Reference to full article: RINDERER, T. E., KUZNETSOV, V. N., DANKA, R. G., DELATTE, G. T. 1997. An importation of potentially Varroa-resistant honey bees from Far-Eastern Russia. American Bee Journal 137: 787-789. |
Evaluations of the Varroa-resistance of Honey Bees Imported from Far-Eastern Russia Results from a natural history study of Varroa jacobsoni infestations in Apis mellifera in the Primorsky territory of Russia led to the importation of 100 queen honey bees into the United States in 1997. Early in February 1998, the queens and their colonies were moved to secure apiaries near the USDA, ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and lab personnel to began research on the potential resistance to V. jacobsoni. The Russian colonies were treated to reduce mite populations below detectable levels. At the same time Varroa were being reared in domestic colonies to provide a source of inoculum mites for the test.
Ten days after inoculation, the boards and cages were removed and the bees, remaining mites in the cages and mites on the sticky boards were counted. These counts were used to estimate the total number of mites that successfully entered each colony from the inoculation cage. After 9 weeks, the total number of mites in each colony was estimated from examination of worker brood, drone brood and adult workers. The sum of the estimates of mites in the worker brood, drone brood and adult bees provided an estimate of the number of adult mites in the colony. The population growth of mites in each colony was calculated, and this growth was termed the "Mite Index". This is an expression of the number of times the mite population has increased onefold. The expected mite index was determined by using a mathematical model (Fuchs, Apidologie 1990).
Based on the results of this test, forty of the queens that were imported from Russia were chosen as "breeders" to found a stock of resistant honey bees and to produce offspring for further tests. While the test of the colonies produced by the imported queens was being conducted, general observations were made on a weekly basis concerning the honey production, general vigor and disease status. Although the mite index for each colony was an important factor determining whether or not a colony would be used in stock formation, these other factors also contributed. The data suggested at least one mechanism of resistance was expressed. Non-resistant colonies had 65-75% brood infestation, while the chosen breeders had an average of 48.1%. Hence, lower rates of brood infestation will lead to overall lower rates of population increase for mites. Future research with the Russian stock will focus on large multi-state field trials. The field trials are intended to supply information concerning comparative V. jacobsoni resistance and comparative honey production of the Russian stock in commercial beekeeping. Favorable results from these trials will lead to a general release of the stock to the beekeeping industry. Reference to full article: RINDERER, T. E., DELATTE, G. T., DE GUZMAN, L. I., WILLIAMS, J. L., STELZER, J. A., KUZNETSOV, V. N. 1999. Evaluations of the Varroa-resistance of honey bees imported from Far-Eastern Russia. American Bee Journal 139: 287-290. |
Resistance to the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor in Honey Bees from Far-Eastern Russia
Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana. Owing to host range expansion, it now plagues Apis mellifera, the world's principal crop pollinator and honey producer. Evidence from A. mellifera in far-eastern Russia, Primorsky (P) originating from honey bees imported in the mid 1800's, suggested that many colonies were resistant to V. destructor. A controlled field study of the development of populations of V. destructor shows that (P) colonies have a strong, genetically based resistance to the parasite. As control colonies (D) were dying with infestations of ~ 10,000 mites, (P) colonies were surviving with infestations ~ 4,000 mites. Several characteristics of the (P) bees contributed to suppressing the number of mites parasitizing their colonies. Figure 1. Average V. destructor infestations (numbers of adult female mites) in Primorsky (black bars) and domestic colonies (white bars) through time. Error bars = sem. Figure 2. Box plots of total adult bees, total drone brood, total worker brood, and brood to adult bee ratios for Primorsky (P) and domestic (D) colonies for months from July 1998 through July 1999. | = median observation, filled O = range between 1st and 3rd quartile, box [ ] = range, O = outlying observation.
Reference to the full article: T. E. RINDERER, L. I. DE GUZMAN, G. T. DELATTE, J. A. STELZER, V. A. LANCASTER, V. KUZNETSOV, L. BEAMAN, R. WATTS, J. W. HARRIS. Resistance to the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in honey bees from far-eastern Russia. Apidologie 32 (2001) 381?394 381 |
Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees
Field trials of Russian honey bees (ARS Primorsky stock) propagated as queen lines from queens imported from the far-eastern province of Primorsky were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in Iowa, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Varroa destructor populations in Primorsky colonies grew more slowly and hence, had fewer numbers than they did in domestic colonies. Colonies of six Primorsky queen-lines evaluated in 1999 averaged about half the number of mites found in domestic control colonies. In 2000, colonies of 10 Primorsky queen lines in Louisiana supported an average V destructor population growth of 2.5 fold increase across 91 days, far less than the 17.3 fold increase predicted from growth models derived for domestic colonies. Most colonies of the same 10 Primorsky queen-lines in Iowa and Mississippi had no (150 colonies) to very few (48 colonies) detectable V destructor three months after being inoculated with about 100 mites. Hence, in all trials, ARS Primorsky honey bees showed strong resistance to V. destructor. Variance within and between queen lines indicates good potential to further increase this resistance through selective breeding. Fig.1 - The average number of adult V. destructor mites in Primorsky (Blue) and domestic (White) honey bee colonies at 4 examinations separated by 34 day intervals in three states in 1999. i, an inoculation of about 100 mites was given to colonies in Louisiana and Mississippi at the time indicated. Fig. 2 - The average mite population growth (MPG) expressed as fold increase in V. destructor mite populations in Primorsky (Blue) and domestic (White) honey bee colonies at 4 examinations separated by 34 day intervals in three states in 1999. Period 1 (not shown) provided baseline data. Fig. 3 - (a) The average mite population growth (MPG) expressed as fold increase in V. destructor mite populations in six Primorsky queen lines and domestic control colonies, and (b) these values expressed as a percentage of the increase in V. destructor mite populations in domestic control colonies for trials conducted in 1999. B = blue, W = white, P = purple, Fig. 4 - (a) The average mite population growth (MPG) expressed as fold increase in V. destructor mite populations in ten Primorsky queen lines and expected MPG for domestic colonies, and (b) these values expressed as a percentage of the expected increase in V. destructor mite populations in domestic colonies for trials conducted in Louisiana in 2000. B = blue, G = green, O= orange, P = purple, R = red, S = silver, T = tan, W = white, Y = yellow. Reference to full article: T. E. RINDERER, L. I. DE GUZMAN, G. T. DELATTE, J. A. STELZER, J. L. WILLIAMS, L. D. BEAMAN, V. KUZNETSOV, M. BIGALK, S. J. BERNARD and H. TUBBS. 2001. Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees: 1. Responses to Varroa destructor 1999, 2000. American Bee Journal 141:658-661 |
Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees Field trials of Russian honey bees (ARS Primorsky stock) propagated as queen lines from queens imported from the far-eastern province of Primorsky were conducted in 1999 and 2000 in Iowa, Louisiana, and Mississippi. While honey production varied between apiaries and states, the honey production of the majority of Primorsky queen lines met or exceeded commercial standards. For example, the best production came from Mississippi in 2000. There, the overall average production was 125 pounds, not including fall production. Selected breeder queens from Mississippi in 2000 averaged 185 pounds and ranged from 149 to 238 pounds. Overall, given favorable nectar flows and beekeeping, ARS Primorsky stock, selected for retention in the breeding program and released to the beekeeping industry, will not sacrifice honey production. Fig. 1 - Honey yields obtained in 1999 in tests of ARS Primorsky honey bees in Louisiana (a), Mississippi (b) and Iowa (c). B = blue, W = white, P = purple, G = green, Y = yellow, R = red, DOM = domestic control Fig. 2 - Relative honey yield of individual ARS Primorsky honey bees selected as breeder queens in 1999 to produce daughters for stock propagation or release and the average honey yield of domestic control colonies. The Z-score or relative rank in comparison to group average for Primorsky and domestic colonies in apiaries was used rather than absolute honey production. This permits the comparison of colonies or groups of colonies in different states and apiaries. The dark circles indicate queens selected for breeding based on both honey production and resistance to V. destructor. The rectangle indicates the average for domestic control colonies. Queen lines with no indicated breeder queen have been culled from the program. Fig. 3 - Honey yields obtained in 2000 in tests of ARS Primorsky honey bees in Louisiana (a), Mississippi (b) and Iowa (c). B = blue, G = green, R = red, Y = yellow, O = orange, P = purple, S = silver, T = tan, W = white. Fig. 4 - Relative honey yield of individual ARS Primorsky honey bees selected as breeder queens in 2000 to produce daughters for stock propagation or release and the average honey yield of domestic control colonies. The Z-score or relative rank in comparison to group average for Primorsky and domestic colonies in apiaries was used rather than absolute honey production. This permits the comparison of colonies or groups of colonies in different states and apiaries. The dark circles indicate queens selected for breeding based on both honey production and resistance to V. destructor. The rectangle indicates the overall average for all colonies. Queen lines with no indicated breeder queen have been culled from the program. Reference to full article: T. E. RINDERER, L. I. DE GUZMAN, G. T. DELATTE, J. A. STELZER, V. A. LANCASTER, J. L. WILLIAMS, L.D. BEAMAN, V. KUZNETSOV, M. BIGALK, S. J. BERNARD and H. TUBBS. 2001. Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees: 2. Honey Production 1999, 2000. American Bee Journal 141:726-729 |
Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees ARS Primorsky honey bees were evaluated for their resistance to Acarapis woodi by monitoring natural infestations in colonies located in Iowa, Louisiana and Mississippi. In 1999, Primorsky colonies had lower levels of A. woodi infestation than the domestic colonies. Low tracheal mite infestations were also observed in 2000. The 10 Primorsky queen-lines tested were all resistant to tracheal mites. However, resistance was more pronounced in Louisiana and Mississippi wherein 0-3% infestations were recorded. It is possible that environmental factors influenced the degree of infestation between the states and within Primorsky lines, especially in Iowa. With careful selection, it is possible to further enhance resistance of Primorsky honey bees to tracheal mite parasitism. Fig. 1 - Prevalence (a) and intensity (b) of A. woodi in ARS Primorsky and domestic honey bee colonies in Iowa, Louisiana and Mississippi in 1999 Fig. 2 - Prevalence of A. woodi in 10 lines of ARS Primorsky honey bees in Iowa (a), Louisiana (b), and Mississippi (c) in 2000. Colors were designated for each Primorsky line. Fig. 3 - Intensity of A. woodi in 10 lines of ARS Primorsky honey bees in Iowa (a), Louisiana (b), and Mississippi (c) in 2000. Colors were designated for each Primorsky line. Reference to full article: L. I. DE GUZMAN, T. E. RINDERER, G. T. DELATTE, J. A. STELZER, V. A. LANCASTER, J. L. WILLIAMS, L. D. BEAMAN, V. KUZNETSOV, M. BIGALK, S. J. BERNARD and H. TUBBS. 2001. Multi-State Field Trials of ARS Russian Honey Bees: 3. Responses to Acarapis woodi 1999, 2000. American Bee Journal 141:810-812 |
The Release of ARS Russian Honey Bees
Results from a natural history study of Varroa jacobsoni infestations in Apis mellifera in the Primorsky territory of Russia led to the importation of 100 queen honey bees into the United States in 1997. Early in 1998, the queens and their colonies were moved to apiaries near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and lab personnel began research on their potential resistance to V. jacobsoni. Based on the findings of the resistance test, 40 Russian queens were selected to produce daughter queens for two extensive field trials in which the resistance of the Russian honey bees to V. jacobsoni was directly compared to that of domestic honey bees commonly used commercially in the United States. One trial began in mid-summer of 1998 and ended in early December 1999. The other trial was conducted in the spring and summer of 1999 in commercial apiaries in Iowa, Louisiana, and Mississippi, in cooperation with Mr. Manley Bigalk, Mr. Steven Bernard and Mr. Hubert Tubbs, respectively. All of these gentlemen are commercial beekeepers who are primarily honey producers. In August of 1999, when most of that year's data were collected, ARS held a teleconference with these beekeepers. These beekeepers had seen the bees in their own apiaries and could evaluate the quality of the stock for general beekeeping characteristics as well as help to evaluate the commercial implications of the data. The beekeepers recommended that a procedure to release the Russian honey bees begin. Each of 6 queen lines was represented by daughter queens in each state and each apiary. As a result of the field trials, one queen line was dropped from the program, two queen lines were maintained in the program but not used to produce breeder queens for distribution, and the best queen in three of the lines was selected to produce breeder or queen line queens for distribution to the industry.
Of the five queen lines retained by the program, the best daughter was used to propagate daughters for stock maintenance. In 2000, queen lines from the 1997 importation which had been assigned to the other two blocks were evaluated in similar selection procedures to identify the program breeder queens. Thus, the program has provisions for selection between several queen lines each year. Also, the program will select the best queens of the selected lines. These queens will be used to both propagate the queen lines and propagate breeder queens for the industry. The Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics & Physiology Laboratory entered into another cooperative agreement with the Russian Academy of Sciences. Under this agreement, initial screening of queens in Russia will be done each year for three more bee seasons. Each year, the best of the queens studied in Russia will be brought to the United States for further study and possible incorporation into one of the three queen line blocks, This program is underway. In June of 1999 and July2000, an additional 120 queens were collected and brought to the United States. As before, these queens went to the island quarantine facility. The 1999 queens were screened for resistance to V. jacobsoni during the 2000 bee season, and the 2000 queens will be screened during the 2001 bee season. Also, laboratory staff will be evaluating other queens from Russia in addition to those that are screened for the program by Russian scientists. By the end of this portion of the program, the colonies produced by between 500 and 700 queens will have been studied and evaluated as potential sources of new queen lines for the breeding and selection program in the next 5 to 8 years. Because of the continuing flow of new queens from Russia into the program and our selection within and between the existing queen lines, we will be able to both apply strong selection for resistance to V. jacobsoni and still be able to maintain good genetic diversity within the overall stock. The main criterion for selection will be resistance to V. jacobsoni. However, resistance to Acarapis woodi (tracheal mites), honey production, and the presence of chalkbrood in colonies will also be considered when we make selections of the parents of future generations. Because of these aspects of the program, the ARS Russian honey bee stock will be different from year to year. We expect that the most noticeable difference will be a slow, steady increase in the expression of desirable traits. In the first year of the release program (2000), those who obtained production queens were getting Russian queens that produced hybrid colonies. Because of the genetic nature of honey bees, the Russian queens of the first year produced hybrid worker bees, but also produced Russian drones. These drones will be available for matings the second year (2001). During the first year, it was recommended that beekeepers (both queen breeders and those that bought production queens) produce or obtain enough hybrid Russian colonies to produce the drones needed for the second year to produce "pure" Russian matings. Queen breeders will need the Russian drones to produce Russian queens that will foster "pure" Russian colonies. General beekeepers who had hybrid colonies the first year will have a supply of Russian drones that will mate with any Russian supersedure or other queens that may be produced in their apiaries. They will thereby assure that their apiaries with ARS Russian stock will remain Russian. It was not possible for the laboratory to test all of the various hybrids that were produced in the spring of 2000. We expect that at least some of these hybrids would be quite desirable. In such instances, queen breeders might consider organizing at least some of their program to continue to offer queens that will produce hybrid colonies. However, our best prediction is that there will probably be large variations between different types of hybrids, but generally, that they will be within the usual range for commercial honey bees in the United States, which also are highly varied. Each year, the program will release queens that are sufficiently unrelated to the prior year's queens that inbreeding will be avoided. Of course, people are welcome to organize their own breeding and selection programs that include Russian honey bees. Indeed, we encourage breeders to include some ARS Russian honey bee parentage into their own programs in order to enhance resistance to V. jacobsoni in their own stocks of honey bees. However, attempting to produce ARS Russian honey bee stock by making crosses other than those recommended by the program may result in inbreeding problems. Also, such stock will not have the advantages to be derived from the ongoing selection program. The current releases of Russian honey bee breeder queens are resistant to V. jacobsoni. This resistance is strong enough to have economic value. Beekeepers should be able to use half as many treatments for the control of V. jacobsoni as they are currently using. The ARS Russian honey bees are not immune to V. jacobsoni. Given enough time, many of them will succumb to the mites. However, ARS Russian honey bees are a good centerpiece for integrated pest management approaches to the control of V. jacobsoni that rely much less on miticides. As the selection program proceeds, the level of resistance to V. jacobsoni in the ARS Russian honey bees predictably will be further improved, and the need for miticides will be further reduced. The ARS Russian honey bee stock is not "finished". Indeed, selection will be continuing for at least several years. Because of this, the ARS Russian honey bee stock will be continually changed and improved for the life of the selection program. This selection program is designed to produce Russian honey bees of the future that will contribute to the gene pool of the honey bees in the United States in two ways. First, it is and will be developed as a stock in its own right. Second, it will be bred in ways that it will be useful as a source of genetic material to enhance existing stocks of honey bees, especially in regard to resistance to both V. jacobsoni and Acarapis woodi. Hence, ARS Russian honey bees, and the breeding program to further improve them, are a resource for all of American beekeeping. Reference to full article: RINDERER, T. E, DE GUZMAN, L. I., HARRIS, J. W., KUZNETSOV, V., DELATTE, G. T., STELZER, J. A., BEAMAN, L. D. 2000. The Release of ARS Russian Honey Bees |
Hygienic Behavior by Honey Bees from Far-Eastern Russia Hygienic behavior contributes to the overall disease resistance of honey bee colonies. It is the detection and removal of diseased or mite-infested brood from a colony. This study evaluated the hygienic behavior of domestic and ARS Primorsky honey bees. The Primorsky honey bees are found to be more hygienic than the domestic colonies. This observation suggests that the overall disease and pest resistance of Primorsky bees is quite good. The use of Primorsky bees will enhance the profitability of commercial beekeeping by reducing disease control costs.
Results from two assays showed that Primorsky honey bees consistently removed more dead brood than the domestic colonies. For both assays, 41% of the Primorsky honey bee colonies tested were considered hygienic (> 95% dead bee removal). Only 21% of the domestic colonies showed the hygienic trait. No correlation between removal rate and adult bee population was observed.
Reference to full article: DE GUZMAN, L. I., RINDERER, T. E., STELZER, J. A., BEAMAN, L. D., DELATTE, G. T., HARPER, C. 2002. Hygienic Behavior by Honey Bees from Far-Eastern Russia. American Bee Journal 142:58-60. |
Reference to full article: Evidence of autogrooming as a mechanism of honey bee resistance to tracheal mite infestation. Journal of Apicultural Research 37: 39-46 (1998) by R. G. Danka and J. D. Villa. |
A Survey of Tracheal Mite Resistance Levels in U.S. Commercial Queen Breeder Colonies Research has shown that honey bee strains having genetic resistance to tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) can be used to help to solve the problems resulting from parasitism by this mite. Colonies of resistant bees tend to withstand challenge from tracheal mites and remain productive without treatment, while susceptible colonies tend to become infested at damaging levels. Resistance to tracheal mites is of interest to bee breeders who are trying to improve stock quality. Identifying the level of resistance in breeding colonies should be a critical part of such breeding efforts. However, little is currently known about the resistance in the commercial breeding population used to supply queens for the U.S. beekeeping industry. Our objectives were to measure the range of resistance in a sample of U.S. commercial breeder colonies, and enable participating queen breeders to improve the quality of their stock by providing selection guidance. Eight commercial queen producers from five states submitted brood from 6 to 19 breeder colonies each so that emerging bees could be evaluated for relative resistance to tracheal mites. Young, uninfested bees from each colony of an individual queen producer, and also from colonies of two reference stocks (one known to be resistant to tracheal mites and one known to be susceptible), were marked and then simultaneously exposed to mites in infested colonies. They were retrieved after 4-6 days and dissected to determine resulting mite infestations. Results for the breeder colonies were adjusted to the average results of the resistant and susceptible reference colonies with which they were tested. The 83 breeder colonies varied widely in their responses to tracheal mites. About two-thirds were statistically similar to the resistant reference and one-fourth were similar to the susceptible reference. Three queen producers had 30 of 31 breeder colonies that were classified as resistant. The other five queen producers had breeder colonies that were very variable and of which 40% were susceptible.
The most striking result of this survey was the variability in levels of tracheal mite resistance among colonies of U.S. commercial breeding stock. This breeding population can be expected to yield propagated queens that range widely in quality: some queens will be useful in improving stock by imparting resistance, while others will predispose their colonies to damaging mite infestations. In the absence of knowledge about the resistance levels of individual breeder colonies, the performance (vis-vis tracheal mites) of production colonies headed by commercial queens becomes largely a matter of the chance associated with a queen producer=s random selection of a grafting source from among his or her breeder colonies. Fortunately, the majority of colonies we tested had useful resistance to tracheal mites. However, queens propagated from susceptible colonies and then widely distributed through commercial sales may contribute to the lingering problems associated with tracheal mites across the country. The findings from this survey emphasize the value of testing in enabling effective selection for resistance to tracheal mites. Through testing, susceptible colonies are easily identified and can be eliminated. Several of the queen breeders who participated in this survey reported that susceptible colonies were removed from their breeding programs soon after they received the test results. Reference to full article: DANKA, R. G. and J. D. VILLA. 2000. A survey of tracheal mite resistance levels in U.S. commercial queen breeder colonies |
Breeding Honey Bees that Suppress Mite Reproduction Although acaricides control varroa mites in colonies of honey bees, use of chemicals endangers bees and hive products. Bee breeders strive to reduce exposure of bees to chemicals by developing stocks of bees that resist the mites. Towards that goal we began breeding bees for resistance to varroa mites more than five years ago. Our project focused on finding varroa-resistance in honey bees from the U.S. We needed lines of bees that consistently and predictably limited the growth of varroa mite populations before identifying genetic traits related to resistance. Our strategy was to use queens from colonies of bees that significantly limited mite growth as breeder queens. Virgin queens and drones were raised from several different breeder queens. Then various combinations of drones and queens were made using instrumental insemination to control the matings (Figure 2). The newly inseminated queens were tested for varroa resistance in short field tests during the following season. The best queens were again chosen as breeders. The entire process was repeated through several generations until the ability to limit growth of varroa mite populations had been enhanced. Because selection for varroa-resistance was based on overall mite growth, we knew little about the mechanism of resistance. All colonies started a field trial with the same mix of bees and mites. The only known differences were the test queens. We measured characteristics known to be associated with varroa-resistance (e.g. hygiene, grooming, reduced postcapping period, etc.) from all colonies during field trials. Then we searched for those traits that correlated best with the mite populations at the end of a test.
Although several characters predicted mite growth, the percentage of non-reproducing mites (%NR) correlated the most strongly with mite population growth. Female varroa mites reproduce within the capped brood cells of the honey bee (see Varroa Reproduction). Non-reproducing mites are those that enter brood cells to reproduce and either do not lay eggs, or if they do lay eggs, none of the daughters can mature before the adult bee leaves the brood cell. We define several types of non-reproducing mites: (a) mites that die before laying eggs, (b) live mites that do not lay eggs, (c) mites that produce only a son, (d) mites that produce progeny that die before reaching adulthood, and (e) mites that produce progeny so late in the development cycle of the bee that they do not have enough time to reach adulthood.
We open capped brood cells containing tan-colored pupae (Figure 3) to measure %NR. Usually, a varroa mite lays all of her eggs by this stage of bee development (see Varroa Reproduction). We evaluate 30 singly-infested brood cells from a colony to determine %NR. We decide a mite's reproductive success by identifying the sex and maturation of her offspring. If the numbers of daughters and their development are considered normal, the mother mite is normally reproductive. However, if her oldest female daughters are under-developed and will not reach adulthood in the remaining time of the host pupa's development, or if there are no progeny, the mother mite is non-reproductive.
Nearly all colonies of bees have some non-reproducing mites. In several tests, mite growth was lowest in colonies with the highest %NR. We changed our selection strategy to concentrate on the %NR rather than on overall growth of the mite population. We knew that a genetic character in bees was somehow causing mites to become non-reproductive in some colonies. We call the trait 'suppression of mite reproduction' (SMR). Although we classify non-reproductive mites into 5 categories, only 2 of them are consistently associated with resistance to varroa in our resistant bees. These two categories are (1) living mites that do not lay eggs, and (2) dead mites that had laid no eggs. The dead mites are unusual because most of them are entrapped by the cocoon (a condition rarely seen in control, or susceptible colonies of bees). We do not know exactly what causes mites to become entrapped by the cocoon or to simply not lay eggs upon entering a brood cell. These symptoms of abnormal mite reproduction become apparent only after 4-6 weeks of placing a queen with the SMR trait into a colony of bees. This delayed suppression of mite reproduction is called SMRD. A second type of mite suppression occurs within the first brood cycle of placing a queen into a colony of bees. The acronym for this immediate suppression of mite reproduction is SMRI. Although we have seen both types of suppression of mite reproduction, our work has focused on SMRD. Experiments suggest that daughter mites raised in colonies with the SMRD trait are the mites affected by the bees (and not the original mites that start an experiment). The mites that do not lay eggs had low numbers of stored sperm in their spermathecae when compared to mites that reproduced normally (Figure 4). More than half of these mites had no sperm at all. Currently, we do not know if the low sperm counts result from lack of mating between mites (see Varroa Reproduction), or if the sperm transferred by males are non-viable and do not reach the spermatheca within the female.
In the early years, the ?best? or most resistant colony had 35--40% non-reproducing mites, which was only slightly better than the 10-25% non-reproducing mites found in colonies of unselected or susceptible bees. Now, we routinely produce inbred resistant colonies that contain 60--100% non-reproducing mites (Figure 5).
We now have varroa-resistant stocks of bees inbred for the SMR trait, and these colonies greatly limit mite growth. The U.S. queen rearing industry is geared toward the production of naturally mated queens, which makes the production of commercial inbred resistant queens very unlikely (unless queens are mated in an isolated area such as an island). However, queen producers can readily produce hybrid queens. We found mite growth to be intermediate between resistant bees and susceptible bees when resistant queens are free-mated with susceptible drones (Figure 6). Although colonies with hybrid queens (resistant x control) had intermediate populations of mites, they had half the mites found in the susceptible controls. Hence, even hybrid queens should provide beekeepers a tangible level of resistance.
Reference to full articles: Harris J. W. and J. R. Harbo (2000) Changes in reproduction of Varroa destructor after honey bee queens were exchanged between resistant and susceptible colonies. Apidologie 31: 689-699. Harbo J. R. and J. W. Harris (1999) Selecting honey bees for resistance to Varroa. Apidologie 30: 183-196. Harbo J. R. and J. W. Harris (1999) Heritability in honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of characteristics associated with resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 92 (2): 261-265. Harris J. W. and J. R. Harbo (1999) Low sperm counts and reduced fecundity of mites in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) that are resistant to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 92 (1): 83-90. Harbo J. R. and R. A. Hoopingarner (1997) Honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the United States that express resistance to Varroa jacobsoni (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 90: 893-898. |
Varroa Mites Reproduce in Capped Brood Cells Reproduction by varroa mites coincides with the pupal stages of honey bee metamorphosis, which occur within a capped brood cell. We focus on the relationship between varroa mites and worker bees. Female varroa mites live on adult bees when not reproducing. Adult male mites cannot live outside the capped brood cell. The following pictorial will show how the growth of mite populations depends on the availability of honey bee brood.
Although varroa mites infect worker brood cells of our western honey bee, they prefer drone brood cells when available (early spring). Development of a drones is similar to that of a worker bees, but the overall development time for drones is 23-24 days. The capped period for drones is 14-15 days. The extra 2.5 days (relative to the capped period for worker bees) provides time for an additional 1-2 daughter mites to mature. A single mother mite can produce 3-5 mature daughters within a capped drone brood cell, but the average number of daughters per mite in drone cells is about 2-2.5. We do not allow drones to be raised in our experimental colonies when we are breeding for resistance to varroa. Our research has focused on breeding for resistance to varroa mites (see Breeding Honey Bees for Suppression of Mite Reproduction) by observing mite reproduction in worker brood cells only. |
Measuring Mite Populations The total number of varroa mites in a colony of bees is determined by estimating the number of mites on adult bees and the number of adult mites within the capped brood cells. Our procedures for these measurements are as follows: Mites on adult bees
Mites in capped brood cells
Total mites = (mites on bees) + (mites in brood) = 600 + 1222 = 1822 mites |
The SMR/VSH trait explained by hygienic behavior of adult bees We produced varroa resistant honey bees by selectively breeding from colonies with high percentages of infertile mites (Breeding Honey Bees that Suppress Mite Reproduction). The heritable trait in bees which causes high percentages of infertile mites was termed "suppression of mite reproduction" (or SMR trait) because we thought that the bees were directly interfering with mite reproduction (Harris & Harbo, 2000, Apidologie 31: 689-699). A mechanism explaining the SMR trait has not been described, but Ibrahim and Spivak (2003, ABJ 144: 406) found that bees with the SMR trait were very hygienic and were able to remove varroa-infested pupae from capped brood cells. They also suggested that SMR bees may selectively remove pupae having reproductive mites. We tested this hypothesis by transferring naturally infested and recently capped brood combs into control and SMR colonies. The two types of recipients had different levels of mite fertility (as defined in Harris & Harbo, 1999, J. Econ. Entomol. 92: 83-90) before this experiment: control colonies averaged 20 ± 10 % infertile mites, while SMR colonies averaged 97 ± 6 % infertile mites (mean ± SD). Seventeen combs were obtained from 7 source colonies. Sources had an average infestation of 12 mites per 100 capped worker cells, and 71 % of the mites were reproductive. Each source provided at least 2 combs, one into each type of recipient colony. The infestation rate and percentage of infertile mites were measured for all transferred combs after 7-9 days in recipient colonies. Analyses were restricted to cells infested by a single varroa foundress because few multiply infested cells were found (17 in a total of 329 infested cells). Fewer mites were found in combs that had been transferred to SMR colonies (Table). This suggests the hygienic removal of infested pupae by the adult bees with the SMR trait. SMR bees removed 91 % of pupae having reproductive mites and 58 % of pupae having infertile mites that had produced progeny. Pupae having infertile mites that had no offspring were apparently not removed (Table). Thus, the cue for varroa-sensitive hygiene by bees with the SMR trait is probably related to the presence of mite offspring (Figure). Table – Comparison of mite populations between combs that were transferred into control and SMR colonies. Newly capped cells of naturally infested brood were transferred, and mite populations were evaluated 7-9 days later by examining cells containing pupae that were 3 days from emergence.
Footnotes for Table aLeast squares mean ± SE for each group of combs were determined post ANOVA. The model included (1) type of recipient colony (fixed effect), (2) source of infested comb (random effect), and (3) type of recipient ´ source of infested comb (random effect). The model for the percentage of infertile mites was weighted by the total number of singly infested cells from each comb, and the models for all other variables were weighted by the total number of brood cells that were examined from a comb. bDegrees of freedom were estimated using the Kenward-Roger method (Proc Mixed, SAS Institute). cValues reported as number of mites per 100 capped worker brood cells. We examined 315 ± 35 and 563 ± 180 (mean ± SD) capped worker cells in each comb that had been transferred into control and SMR colonies, respectively. dInfertile mites with progeny included (1) foundress mites that had only a son, and (2) those whose oldest daughter could not mature before the host bee emerged from the brood cell (see Martin, 1994, Exp. Appl Acarol 18: 87-100) eAll dead foundress mites had no progeny. |


text:
Consumers Businesses
WASHINGTON, D.C. - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and Health Canada, in cooperation with the firm named below, today announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed. It is illegal to resell or attempt to resell a recalled consumer product.
Name of Product: Contours Options three- and four-wheeled strollers
Units: About 36,000 in the United States and 270 in Canada
Importer: Kolcraft Enterprises Inc., of Chicago Ill.
Hazard: A child or consumer's finger can become caught in the opening formed when locking and unlocking the hinge mechanism which is used to adjust the handlebars on the strollers. This presents an amputation and laceration hazard to children and the adults handling the stroller.
Incidents/Injuries: Kolcraft and CPSC have received five reports of injuries involving the hinge mechanism, including reports of three children whose fingertips were amputated and two adults whose fingers were either smashed or lacerated.
Description: This recall involves Kolcraft Contours Options three- and four-wheeled strollers. Strollers included in the recall have model numbers starting with ZL002, ZL005, ZL008, ZL015 and ZL018. On the ZL002 model, the model number and date of manufacture is printed on a sticker above the left wheel. On the ZL005, ZL008, ZL015 and ZL018 models, the model number and date of manufacture is printed on a label sewn into the edge of back of the stroller seat pad. The strollers were manufactured from January 2006 through November 2009 and sold in various color schemes.
Sold at: Juvenile product specialty stores nationwide and online at Amazon.com, Target.com and ToysRUs.com from January 2006 and June 2012 for between $150 and $160.
Manufactured in: China
Remedy: Consumers should immediately stop using the product and contact the company to receive a free repair kit.
Consumer Contact: For additional information, please contact Kolcraft at (800) 453-7673 between 8 a.m. and 6:45 p.m. ET Monday through Thursday, 8 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. ET Friday, or visit the firm's website at www.kolcraft.com
Note: Health Canada's press release is available at http://cpsr-rspc.hc-sc.gc.ca/PR-RP/recall-retrait-eng.jsp?re_id=1629.
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is charged with protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with the use of thousands of types of consumer products under the agency's jurisdiction. Deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product incidents cost the nation more than $1 trillion annually. CPSC is committed to protecting consumers and families from products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical or mechanical hazard. CPSC's work to help ensure the safety of consumer products - such as toys, cribs, power tools, cigarette lighters and household chemicals -– contributed to a decline in the rate of deaths and injuries associated with consumer products over the past 40 years.
Federal law bars any person from selling products subject to a publicly-announced voluntary recall by a manufacturer or a mandatory recall ordered by the Commission.
To report a dangerous product or a product-related injury go online to www.SaferProducts.gov or call CPSC's Hotline at (800) 638-2772 or teletypewriter at (301) 595-7054 for the hearing impaired. Consumers can obtain news release and recall information at www.cpsc.gov, on Twitter @USCPSC or by subscribing to CPSC's free e-mail newsletters.
Times: 8 a.m. - 5:30 p.m. ET; Messages can be left anytime
Call to get product safety and other agency information and to report unsafe products.
Please use the below phone number for all media requests.
Phone: (301) 504-7908
Spanish: (301) 504-7800
View CPSC contacts for specific areas of expertise
We are still interested in receiving incident or injury reports that are either directly related to this product recall or involve a different hazard with the same product.
Report a Product on SaferProducts.gov
The link you selected is for a destination outside of the Federal Government. CPSC does not control this external site or its privacy policy and cannot attest to the accuracy of the information it contains. You may wish to review the privacy policy of the external site as its information collection practices may differ from ours. Linking to this external site does not constitute an endorsement of the site or the information it contains by CPSC or any of its employees.
Click Ok if you wish to continue to the website; otherwise, click Cancel to return to our site.


text:
SKU: hebners_shoot_dvd
DVD-R Version
Please verify you have a compatible player before purchasing our DVD-R titles. We are not responsible for the compatibility of your player to our DVD-R titles. Click here to check: (DVD-R Compatibility Chart)
Click for exclusive online preview!
Dave and Earl Hebner's very first shoot interview ever! If you want to hear about some shocking inside scoops on the real deal about Survivor Series with the Bret Hart screw job this is for you. For the first time ever Earl and Dave talk about what they knew. What lead up to the decision. What happened backstage and all the after shocks of that event. You will be as amazed as we were at what really happened that night in Canada!!!
Both men also discuss working and partying with the Nature Boy Ric Flair. They talked about working for the Crocketts. Dave and Earl talk about how they got into the WWE and did the double switch angle with Andre and Ted Dibiase. Hear what it was like to work matches with Steve Austin, The Rock, Hulk Hogan, Andre and more. Who they hated to work with like Ultimate Warrior, Big Show and more. What happened on the horrific night when Owen Hart passed away? Both men talk about why they got fired and what they think of Johnny Ace. These were the first comments ever about why they got fired from their point of view. This is a hell of a interview!!!


text:
We have added the following products to your shopping cart from a previous visit:
Alert me when new vintages of Selbach Oster Bernkasteler Badstube Riesling Kabinett are available for purchase.
Region: Mosel-Saar-Ruwer, Germany
Varietal: Riesling
Item no. 83281
Notable Facts Riesling has an extremely high level of acidity. That acidity is matched by the intensity of the grape's floral and fruit aromas. A number of descriptors are associated with Riesling due to its tendency to adopt the characteristics of where it is grown. Rieslings of the Mosel are distinctive because its flavors reflect the region's slate soils, while its partner in Alsace displays less soil character and more peach and apricot nuances due to the warmer climate. For dry styles of Riesling, look to Germany's Kabinett levels, Alsace, Washington State, Australia and New Zealand. For a slightly sweeter style, look to Germany's wines of the Spatlese and Auslese levels. If you can afford it, and want a true, decadent and sweet experience, look for the Beerenauslese and Trokenbeerenauslese styles. Hedonistic.
Summing it up Successful Sites: Germany, Alsace, Austria, Australia, New Zealand, Washington State, California, New York State
Common Descriptors: steely, peach, mineral, floral, petrol, orange blossom, citrus


text:
Don't envy us, join us in the ultimate lifestyle business! Featured by media outlets such as CNN and ESPN, and named one of Inc. Magazine's fastest growing private companies in America in 2010 and 2011, the World Adult Kickball Association (WAKA) is widely recognized as the nation's premier social sports organization.
WAKA's franchise program leverages the organization's systems of success in bringing fun and happiness to hundreds of thousands of people in more than 35 states for nearly 15 years and offers one of the most exciting, low cost, high "fun" franchises in the marketplace.
Franchise owners become a part of a new lifestyle business as they enjoy working in their home office and heading to the local kickball field or dodgeball court, rather than working in a cubicle. A WAKA franchise allows driven professionals to combine their independent work ethic with all of the tools, support and training needed to build exciting leagues throughout their market while bringing people together to create memorable moments and forge relationships that last a lifetime.
We're looking for ambitious, energetic extroverts with strong leadership skills to join our franchise team. You should be familiar with the internet and social media and should also possess business sense and great attention to detail backed by management and organization experience. If you also enjoy sales and customer service, we'd like to meet you!
The full roster of valuable support services includes:
Liquid Capital: $28,700 - $151.300 Total Investment: $20,000 - $112,500
Franchise opportunities are currently available in markets across the US, with more opportunities being added on a continual basis. Contact us today for more information!
The business listed above does not currently advertise with us.
Please review other business opportunities below. We have taken the liberty of applying our proprietary lead matching system in order give to you other business opportunities that match your criteria and interest. If you do not see a particular business opportunity that meets your approval please click here to go to our franchise picker.


text:
Yankees general manager Brian Cashman said Wednesday "it's too early to call" whether the rest program prescribed for Masahiro Tanaka's right elbow will work.
Francisco Rodriguez notched his third save of the season Sunday in the Brewers' 6-3 win over the Cardinals.
Hanley Ramirez homered twice and drove in four runs in an 18-7 loss to the Orioles on Sunday.
Delmon Young drove in five of the 18 runs the Orioles scored in Sunday's 18-7 romp over the Red Sox.
Nationals manager Matt Williams said Sunday that Max Scherzer (thumb) is unlikely to pitch on Tuesday.
Miguel Cabrera finished 3-for-4 with a home run and three RBI as the Tigers topped the Indians 8-6 on Sunday.
Jake Arrieta held the Reds to two runs over six innings Sunday in the Cubs' 5-2 win.
Chris Archer kept rolling along Sunday, yielding just two hits and one walk while striking out seven across seven shutout frames in a 5-1 win over the Blue Jays.
Jason Heyward is considered day-to-day with a left groin injury.
Gio Gonzalez gave up six earned runs in five innings Sunday as the Nationals fell to the Marlins.
Dodgers placed OF Yasiel Puig on the 15-day disabled list, retroactive to April 25, with a left hamstring strain.
Sunday's game between the Giants and Rockies has been postponed due to rain.


text:
Featured Events
- Cardinals tickets
- Chargers tickets
- Cowboys tickets
- Cubs tickets
- Dodgers tickets
- MLB All Star Game tickets
- MLB Home Run Derby tickets
- Notre Dame tickets
- Red Sox tickets
- Royals tickets
- SF Giants tickets
- Tigers tickets
- UFC - Ultimate Fighting Championship tickets
- US Open Golf tickets
- WWE - World Wrestling Entertainment tickets
We're sorry, but we currently have no tickets available for this event.
Check out our full selection of Soccer tickets or sign up to be notified when tickets for this event are available.
Peru National Soccer Tickets & Information
Peru National Soccer tickets are on sale at Vivid Seats, one of the largest suppliers of cheap sports tickets in the nation. Vivid Seats offers an incredibly large catalog of MLS tickets for any date in the MLS game schedule. The Peru National Soccer players are just as fierce on the road this year as they are at their home stadium, and that's why we offer a distinct selection of Peru National Soccer tickets for away and home games alike. Follow the team around to every one of their matches on the Peru National Soccer game schedule. Click on "Tickets" above and find the pro soccer tickets to the game you want to see. Order them online, and with our 100% Buyer's Guarantee, you're assured that your transaction is safe and that you'll get your tickets on time. If you have any questions or concerns, you can reach us at 866.848.8499. Pick up great MLS tickets today and enjoy the best soccer America has to offer courtesy of Vivid Seats.


text: HOMEWOOD, Calif. - Tahoe enthusiasts will now have access to live high-definition streaming footage of Lake Tahoe and Sierra Nevada peaks thanks to a new partnership between Homewood Mountain Resort, West Shore Caf & Inn, and the Annenberg Foundation's philanthropic media organization, explore.org.The Lake Tahoe cameras are the latest addition to explore.org's Pearls of the Planet initiative, which aims to help people deepen their connection with nature through a portfolio of live HD cameras installed around the world. In addition to the Lake Tahoe cameras, the Pearls of the Planet live cam collection features brown bears hunting salmon in Alaska, giant pandas in China, Siku the polar bear in Denmark, beluga whales and tropical fish from the Vancouver Aquarium, a service puppy cam, and many more. "The beauty of Lake Tahoe's breathtaking landscape is an amazing sight to behold at any time of the year, and now, with the help of the West Shore Caf and Inn and Homewood Mountain Resort, people all over the world can experience it for themselves whenever they'd like," said Charlie Annenberg Weingarten, founder of explore.org. "This is the point of all our Pearls of the Planet initiative ... to make the world accessible to people everywhere so that they can once again learn to love and care for the planet which they live on.""We are thrilled to offer the new web cameras," said Kevin Mitchell, general manager for Homewood Mountain Resort. "It's a great way for viewers to appreciate Lake Tahoe, one of the world's most cherished mountain lakes, in real time. Equally poignant is our shared position on environmental stewardship with explore.org," he added. West Shore Caf & Inn is a year-round, lakefront gathering place for Tahoe residents and visitors - offering instant access to Tahoe's water sports and activities during summer as well as skiing and snowboarding during winter at its sister property Homewood Mountain Resort with abundant Lake Tahoe views."Until a viewer can visit in person, the cameras offer an extraordinary look at the lake and the Sierra Nevada, as well as Tahoe's ever-changing seasons, weather, snow depth, and beyond," Mitchell added.The streaming camera's location at West Shore Caf & Inn lends viewers a sense of standing directly on the shore of Lake Tahoe; while the second camera's on-mountain location at Homewood offers a vantage point from 500 feet above the water. Both present an unobstructed view of the country's second-deepest alpine lake and surrounding Sierra Nevada peaks in real time. Visit WestShoreCafe.com or call 530-525-5200 for additional information.About explore.orgexplore.org is a philanthropic media organization and a multi-media division of the Annenberg Foundation. Created by filmmaker and philanthropist Charles Annenberg Weingarten to champion the selfless acts of others, inspire lifelong learning and bring people closer to nature, explore.org is home to more than 300 original films and a massive library of world-class photography from all over the globe. In addition, explore.org recently launched Pearls of the Planet, a growing collection of live HD cameras that provide people with an unprecedented view into the lives of amazing animals and beautiful places around the world. As an advertising-free philanthropic media organization, explore.org regularly provides grants to organizations focused on improving the human condition and the planet.


text:
Discover a selection of top forums 11eyes legends on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums 11eyes legends and meet other fans of 11eyes legends. Then, why don't you create your own forum of 11eyes legends ?
The most powerful star in the universe. The place where worlds are created, stars are born, legends die and Sailor Moon lives forever.
sailor, moon, galaxy, cauldron, bssm, pgssm, anime, manga, roleplay, rping, tumblr, venus, mars, mercury, jupiter, neptune, uranus, pluto, saturn, star
Free RP Forum: Where Fantasy and lore meet Sci-fi. Legends become real and the imagination runs wild. And much much more!
roleplay, #legends, lore, fantasy, games, battles, empires, free, writers, gaming, romance, adventure, drama, stories, action, sci-fi, science, fiction, dragons, elves, centaur, warrior, wolf, wolves, pirates, cowboys, indians
Free forum : The Lounge of Legends
free, forum, lounge, #legends, yahoo, australia, forums, worlds, best, sydney, legend, food, laughs, friends, facebook, twitter, google, news, music
The greatest Naruto RP forum of its era. Create characters, build families, raise villages, and make legends in battle. The Shinobi world is in your control join now and you can introduce your ideal character.
naruto, forum, battle, action, fantasy, para, style, join, creating, character, building, story
A collection of the greatest RP stories ever told around the digital campfire, written by the members-- for the members. Within, you will find fantastic tales created by individuals just like you.
#legends, legend, digital, campfire, stories, wildwing, collection, greatest, ever, told, around, written, members, within, will, find, fantastic, tales, created, individuals
A 3d role playing game using the open source code from the previously hit game Impressive Title. With more customization, better map system, but no items or hunting.
myatar, #legends, online, game, impressive, title, role, play, roleplay
MARxANIME is a forum you can register free! This forum isn't just for anime, it's for games and other things YOU like too!
asthunally, twitter, anime, games, minecraft, pewdiepie, markiplier, popularmmos, mmoxreview, pokemon, asthun, twit, twitterz, twitters, league, #legends, dota, facebook, youtube, jacksepticeye
The Official Vampirism Beast Clan
free, forum, vampirism, beast, #legends, official, clan, bnet, battle.net, game, east, vamp, warcraft
A roleplaying Avatar community where you may create a character and enter into the new era of Avatar.
world, avatar, #legends, roleplaying, community, character, enter


text:
About Us
View Cart
My Account/Order Status
Art Supplies
Quick Links
Join our mailing list!
Our Free Shipping offer does NOT apply to orders shipped outside the United States
Please note: We recommend that you add all items to your cart first, THEN change the quantities and click on "recalculate".
Please note:
If you make changes to the quantities below, you must click on "recalculate" to save changes.
The item you have selected is presently unavailable
There are no items in your shopping cart.


text:
Sale Wool Felt Products
*Sale priced Books, Patterns, Magazines and Kits
*Sale priced Fabric *Sale Priced Pre-Cuts
*Sale priced Wool Felt Products
Home | Our Shop | Newsletter | Blog | Classes & Events | Wool Felt Central | SALE Original Designs | Favorite Patterns | Fabric | 5" Charm Packs & Sew-Cute Baby Boutique | Seasonal Patterns | Primitive Stitchery | Purses, Totes & Bags Block of the Month | Kits | Books | Gift Certificates | Order Form | Links | Free Pattern!
Prairie Point Junction Quilt Shop124 East 8th * P.O. Box 184Cozad, Nebraska 69130(308) firstname.lastname@example.com © 2013 Prairie Point Junction. All rights reserved. Return Policy: Due to copyright laws, returns cannot be accepted on books or patterns. No returns can be accepted on any cut fabric yardage without prior authorization. Colors on computer monitors may vary. If you require an exact color match, inquire to obtain a swatch prior to ordering. Please contact us immediately by phone (308-784-2010) or e-mail email@example.com regarding any flaws or errors in your order so that they can be promptly corrected.


text:
- Flat Rate Shipping. Any Size Order! -
- Retail prices online are good for online purchases only -
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
Order as many items as you like with our $6.99 flat rate shipping.
Need it faster?
Show off your Seattle pride and Super Bowl XLVIII bragging rights everywhere you go with this commemorative lanyard! It features high-quality team graphics and Super Bowl pride.
- Durable strap
- Officially licensed NFL product
- Sublimated graphics
Seahawks Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
Find a Pro
> Wilson Deep Red 425cc Driver
Wilson Deep Red 425cc Driver
Year of Introduction:
MSRP (new):
Head Size:
Features & Benefits
About The Manufacturer
Rear-weighting and low deep center of gravity promotes higher ball flight and greater forgiveness on miss hits
Thin-face design maximizes energy transfer at impact for maximum velocity and distance.
Fat Shaft technology delivers exceptional club head stability through impact
In 1914, the Ashland Manufacturing Company entered the sporting goods business. Soon renamed Thomas E. Wilson & Co., this marked the beginning of Wilsons historic contributions to the game of golf. Wilson has always looked to players to help shape its products. In 1922 Gene Sarazen became a member of the Wilson advisory staff (the beginning of a 75 year relationship with the company) During his tenure with Wilson, Sarazen won 39 PGA Titles including 2 US Opens, 3 PGA Championships, a British Open Title and a Masters Victory. He was inducted into the PGA Hall of Fame in 1974. Wilson Golf is marking 90 years in the game by re-launching its Wilson Staff brand, first introduced in 1960. This reincarnation includes a full line of redesigned equipment (irons, drivers, utilities, putters, wedges), balls and accessories for players of all skill levels.
For More Information:
Golf Digest
Hot List
See The Hotlist
This product was not on the Hot List.
See Current Hot ListDrivers
TaylorMade Burner 2.0 Iron set
Model Year: 2010
Ping Eye 2 Iron set
Model Year: 1982
Titleist 913D2 Driver
Model Year: 2013
TaylorMade SLDR Driver
Model Year: 2013
TaylorMade Burner Superfast 2.0 Driver
Model Year: 2011


text:
Pittsburgh Steelers Gear
Pittsburgh Steelers Home Office & School
Pittsburgh Steelers Home Office & School Wall Art
(44 items)
Product ID: 1711595
Main Content
Celebrate your Pittsburgh Steelers with this festive Premium pennant from WinCraft! Crisp printed graphics attest to the athletic greatness of your mighty Pittsburgh Steelers. Plus, this spirited pennant measures a sizable 17'' by 40'' so you can fill your space with team cheer! Shop for your favorite NFL gear at Fanatics.com.
- Made in the USA
- High-quality graphics
- Officially licensed
- Material: 100% Felt
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
BEAT dry pudding mixes, cinnamon and milk in medium bowl with whisk 2 min.; spread 1-1/2 cups onto bottom of crust.
STIR 1-1/2 cups COOL WHIP into remaining pudding; spread over pudding layer in crust. Top with remaining COOL WHIP.
REFRIGERATE 1 hour. Meanwhile, cook nuts and honey in skillet on medium-low heat 2 to 4 min. or until nuts are caramelized, stirring frequently. Spread onto waxed paper, separating larger clusters. Cool.
SPRINKLE nuts over pie just before serving.


text:
After a breakout 2012 season, the Aggies are 8-4 this year, including 4-4 in the SEC. Manziel was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy but could not repeat as the winner.
Manziel, a redshirt sophomore, has thrown for 3,732 yards with 33 touchdowns and 13 interceptions this year. He is ranked the No. 2 quarterback and No. 17 overall prospect by NFLDraftScout.com.
Evans, also a redshirt sophomore, has 65 catches for 1,322 yards with 12 touchdowns this season. NFLDraftScout.com ranks him the No. 1 wide receiver and No. 8 overall prospect.
No. 20 Texas A&M plays No. 22 Duke (10-3).


text:
Welcome Guest! Sign In | New Guest
A 14K yellow gold pendant set with fourteen faceted round Diamonds totaling 0.33 carats, total weight, in the large "Dolphins Playing with Bubbles" design from the "Wyland Collection," on an 18" "1.6mm Popcorn" chain. Pendant is approximately: 1 3/8" (including bail) x 1 3/16"


text:
- $4.99 Flat Rate Shipping. Any Size Order! -
- Easy 365-Day Returns -
New York Giants Gear
New York Giants Kids
New York Giants Kids Toys & Games
(38 items)
Product ID: 1252993
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
Order as many items as you like with our $4.99 flat rate shipping.
Need it faster?
Bring your child's favorite NFL® team home! The Giants #1 finger and Eli Manning jersey wind-up toys from Bleacher Creatures® are perfect for your young fan. Each toy is decorated with NFL® team graphics and colors.
- Conforms to safety requirements of ASTM F963
- Decorated in NFL team graphics and colors
- Made in China
- Officially licensed
- Recommended for ages 3 and up
- Set of two plastic wind-up toys
Giants Customers also liked:
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
audio: sirius radio show
The Busted Halo® Show with Father Dave Dwyer
The Busted Halo® Show with Father Dave Dwyer airs Monday through Friday, from 7:00pm to 10:00pm Eastern time on Sirius XM Satellite Radio channel 129. Give us a call: 1-888-3-CATHOLIC. Go to www.siriusxm.com for subscription information. Don't forget — Sirius XM subscribers can also listen to The Busted Halo Show On Demand.Subscribe to Podcast (RSS) |