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Employee Benefits PagePosition Classifications and BenefitsUpon hire, you will be subject to a 90-day orientation period. At the end of the 90-day period, you are reclassified, depending upon rate of pay and hours worked during this time. You will be reclassified into one of each of the following:
See the following chart for classifications as listed above and their associated benefits. All listed benefits begin after 90-day orientation period unless otherwise noted. See your manager or call our Human Resources Department for more details on any of our programs
* Refer to specific plan documentation for eligibility requirements Cafeteria PlanC&K maintains a cafeteria plan for all eligible employees. Under the terms of the Plan, eligible full-time employees, working an average of 30-40 hours per work week, and eligible part-time employees, working an average of twenty (20) or more hours per work week, are given the option of selecting health care coverage, dental care coverage, life insurance, or setting aside funds for dependent care or medical expense reimbursement. Eligible part-time employees who work less than twenty (20) hours per week are eligible to participate in the dependent care and medical expense reimbursement accounts only. Eligibility for plan participation is subject to conditions of the official plan document. VacationVacation is a work-earned benefit for employees that are at full-time status and out of their 90-day orientation period. Vacation credits are accrued each pay period and you may take the time off after one year of full-time status. The credits are earned according to the following schedule:
Full-time employees that were hired prior to September 1, 2002 and certain C&K Express, LLC employees earn vacation on a slightly different schedule. Sick PayC&K gives each full-time employee out of their 90-day orientation period a bank of up to 80 hours of sick pay for his or her own illness, or that of an immediate family member. Sick pay is accrued at a rate of 4 hours per month in any month in which sick pay is not used. Birthday PayEach full-time employee, out of their 90-day orientation period, is eligible to receive a day off with pay to celebrate his or her birthday. This day off can be scheduled anytime within 30 days of your actual birthday. HolidaysEach full-time employee, out of their 90-day orientation period, will receive eight (8) hours of straight-time pay for six holidays annually, provided they have worked their last scheduled day before the holiday and first scheduled day after the holiday. If a full-time employee is required to work on the holiday, they will receive double and one-half times their hourly wage. Part-time employees, who are out of their 90-day orientation period, are paid time and one-half their hourly wage if they are required to work on a holiday. C&K recognized holidays are:
Bereavement LeaveC&K allows all employees up to two (2) Paid days off and one (1) unpaid day for a total of three (3) days off for a period of remembrance, to arrange and attend a funeral, and to see to the affairs of the estate of a deceased member of her or his immediate family. Employees are also given one (1) unpaid day off to attend the funeral of a close non-family member. Full-Time employees, out of their 90-day orientation period, may use available vacation to cover the absence. Length of Service BonusHourly employees who reach the five year mark are rewarded with an additional .25 per hour. For every five years after (10, 15, 20, etc.), an additional .25 per hour is added to the hourly wage. The bonus is currently available to eligible C&K employees. Tuition ReimbursementTuition is available to full-time employees, out of their 90-day orientation period, for successful completion of job-related courses at accredited college or university as long as the employee is still actively employed at the conclusion of the course when requesting reimbursement. VolunteerismEmployees are eligible to receive 1 hour of paid time off per month for every 8 hours of volunteering for an approved community, civic or charitable organization. A maximum of 12 hours of PTO is permitted each year. SabbaticalAfter completing 5 years of employment, employees are eligible to request an up to six week long, unpaid, but benefit protected sabbatical. Employees can take advantage of a Sabbatical leave every five years. Employee Referral AwardEmployees who refer a new employee, who then completes six months of employment, can earn a $100 award. C&K's Helping Hands FundThe fund provides monetary assistance to employees in need. Employees can voluntary contribute to the fund and C&K matches donations up to $50,000 annually. Distributions are made semi-monthly with payroll by request, and recipients are determined by committee. Continuing Education and TrainingAll employees are eligible to participate in C&K's training incentive program. Employees who complete a selection of on-line training classes offered on SV University will receive pay incentive awards based on their job classification. Direct DepositC&K offers direct deposit (electronic funds transfer or EFT) for your paycheck. Upon your written instruction, the paycheck will be "direct deposited" electronically to the bank account designated. This eliminates any waiting period for the postal service to deliver a paycheck. Retirement PlanC&K sponsors a 401(k) retirement program for all eligible employees. Employees have the option of deferring up to 75% of their gross income into their 401(k) plan. Some contribution limitations apply to individuals that are considered highly compensated by IRS definition. Please refer to the Human Resources Department for additional information. Eligibility for plan participation is subject to conditions of the official plan document. Store Sunday PayAfter completing their 90-day orientation period, all hourly employees who are scheduled to work on Sunday are eligible to receive an additional $1.00 per hour for every hour worked on Sundays. Deferred Compensation PlanQualified employees are eligible to participate in a deferred compensation plan sponsored by C&K Express, Inc. Eligibility for plan participation is subject to conditions of the official plan document. Safety Awards ProgramSince the launching of C&K Safety Award Program beginning in 1996, we have had great success in many of our stores and pharmacies with zero to minimal workers' compensation claims. Employees are much more safety conscious and they have reaped the benefits by receiving higher and higher monetary valued safety award certificates. There are several stores who have years of injury-free track records. For every injury-free calendar year quarter, eligible C&K employees will receive a reward in the form of a gift certificate redeemable at any of the C&K grocery stores. Open Door PolicyC&K understand that employees occasionally may have concerns, complaints, or questions relating to their employment. C&K values your feedback and strives to be responsive to such concerns, complaints, and questions. C&K has adopted an Open Door Policy to encourage employees to raise concerns informally with the goal of achieving resolution in the spirit of cooperation and problem-solving. Equal Employment OpportunityEmployment and job advancement decisions will be made without regard for age, race, religion, color, gender, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry, marital status, disability, performance, or obligation for military service, or other protected status. Drug-Free WorkplaceC&K Strives to maintain a drug-free workplace. Accordingly, pre-employment drug testing is a condition for employment. |
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PHA's 2008-2009 monthly e-Learning Events series was made possible through unrestricted educational grants from Eli Lilly and Company and Pfizer Inc.
Rino Aldrighetti As PHA's president, Rino has helped to move PHA from a 1,000 member rare illness association with a $132,000 annual income in 1998 to over 10,000 members, an additional 30,000 supporters and an $8.5 million income delivering research and programs for patients, family members and medical professionals. Rino has been honored to receive both the Leadership Award of the Pulmonary Circulation Assembly of the American Thoracic Society and the EXCEL Award for Excellence in Non-profit Leadership of the Center for Nonprofit Advancement.
If the below recording does not begin automatically, click the arrow. Click Fullscreen button in interface below to watch recording in your full screen. To view the controls, move your mouse anywhere over the video then move to the control interface at the bottom of the video. Please note, you will not need an access code; those directions, if mentioned, are for live event participants.

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As Washington state works on rules for implementing its new marijuana legalization law, a California company says it wants to bring marijuana dispensing machines to the state.
The pot vending machines are already in place in some states where medicinal marijuana is legal.
The machines currently in use require patients to scan a fingerprint, which will link that patient to an on-file prescription for marijuana. Medbox says it is working to adapt the machines for recreational users.
Dr. Bruce Bedrick, CEO of Medbox, said, We look forward to working with residents and existing small business operators in the State of Washington to assist them through the complex maze of regulations, obtain necessary permits and zoning approvals, and install inventory management systems that meet or exceed all state and local regulations.
According to Bedrick, Medbox has offered its guidance, suggestions and consultation at no charge to officials tasked with developing and implementing a legal marijuana industry in Washington.
Bedrick said, States can profit handsomely from this new revenue stream, and Medbox is able to provide the systems and technologies that assure that taxes are collected, quantity limits are never breached, and there is adherence to all regulations.
The voter-approved initiative, I-502, gives the state Liquor Control Board until December 1, 2013, to develop rules for implementation.
Read or Share this story: http://www.kgw.com/story/news/2014/07/25/12423584/


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County Distribution
Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. - desert wheatgrass AGDE2 in the state of Wisconsin
Click the map above to view a larger image.
Our county data are based primarily on the literature, herbarium specimens, and confirmed observations. However, not all populations have been documented, so some gaps in the distribution shown above may not be real. Remember that only native and naturalized populations are mapped!


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Yes, we have gearage!
Phoronix: Here's The R600 Gallium3D Driver Running Gears
If you read the previous R600g news post from less than an hour ago this should come as no surprise, but: the ATI R600g Gallium3D driver has finally reached the milestone of being able to properly run glxgears. This GLX demo is simple and useless as a benchmark, but is an important development milestone and as talked about in that previous news piece, Jerome hopes to tackle texture support within a few days so then we will see more interesting OpenGL capabilities and we are potentially just days away from being able to run Quake with R600g and a modern ATI graphics processor (you can already do so with an open-source driver stack using the classic Mesa R600/700 driver)...
Yes, we have gearage!
This is certainly cause for much rejoicing.
It does sound like it will be rather non-performant until the new shader compiler gets finished, and this is not a priority. Still, it will allow other people to work on other parts of the driver, and with the knowledge from r300g, it should be possible to make progress at least on the feature front.
So, the way I understand it, the idea is to graft the r600c shader compiler onto r600g for the time being, until the new shader compiler is finished? How well is this expected to work?
There's already some bits of texture support landing -- http://cgit.freedesktop.org/mesa/mes...90fd854b23386a
LOL. I finally tried out mesa-experimental for my 8200 onboard video after spending most of last night updating and reporting on my test boxes and thinking man this driver stuff is coming together. So anyway nvidia 8200 onboard graphics wouldn't work under fedora 12 and I was hesitant to try it since I have that stupid bug with fedora 13 that won't let you boot the x86_64 install disk. So tough thing to repair system if it goes wrong. I gave up and decided to set run level 3 and give it a go. The stupid thing works. I ran the test day render test on it and it not only worked it performed flawlessly passing EVERY TEST and I have full 1.4 Opengl AND 2.1 opengl support. It smokes stellarium getting 36 to 40 plus frames second. Blender doesn't work at all with all menus being goofed disappeared menu problems.
So I celebrated tonight by playing a bunch of heretic and hexen with the vavoom package because it has window transparency enhancements to the orginal games which I think are opengl 1.0 but the transparency stuff is 2.1. Man what a trip down memory lane. Made me miss my old 386 system.
If they get opengl 3.0 3.2 working by the end of the year. I'll freak out.
I'd be very (positively) surprised if nouveau has full OpenGL 2.1 compliance already.
That's quite impressive given the cold shoulder they get from Nvidia.


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As you invest in Adobe technology for your critical business needs, don't let complex technical challenges slow you down. Leverage this expert support and maintenance program to realize the full potential of the Adobe solution for your organization.
The Adobe Software Assurance Program is designed to provide Adobe customers a comprehensive and responsive support coverage in deploying and maintaining Adobe technology. No matter how complex your requirements, the help you need is only a phone call or a few clicks away. The upgrade plan included in this program enables you to stay current with the latest Adobe innovation and product releases.
Contract Period |
One year | Number of incidents | Unlimited | Authorized Contacts |
Four |
Maintenance |
Upgrade plan included |
Product Coverage |
· Adobe eLearning Suite · Adobe Technical Communication Suite · Adobe FrameMaker · Adobe RoboHelp · Adobe Captivate |
Hours of Coverage |
24*7*365 |
Target Response Time* |
· Critical (Priority 1): 1 hour · Urgent (Priority 2): 2 hours · Important (Priority 3): 4 hours · Minor (Priority 4): 1 business day |
Service Scope |
· Deployment planning support · Enablement webinars · Personalized documentation · General "How to" assistance · Patches and fixes · Technical resolutions · Remote diagnostics |
Support Channels |
· Phone support · Email support · Chat support · Customer Support Portal |
Critical (Priority 1) : The problem results in extremely serious interruptions to a production system
Urgent (Priority 2) : The problem results in serious interruptions to normal operations, will negatively impact an enterprise-wide installation, urgent deadlines or at risk
Important (Priority 3) : The problem causes interruptions in normal operations
Minor (Priority 4) : The problem results in minimal or no interruptions to normal operations
To learn more about Adobe Buying Programs, contact your Adobe sales representative or visit http://www.adobe.com/volume-licensing.html


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Reward Nights When redeeming points for a Reward Night, you may only book one room at a time. Once you complete your Reward Night reservation you will be given the option to duplicate this reservation
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To book more than 9 rooms for one stay or request a quote, please use our Easy Meetings tool, call 1-800-MEETING (in United States, Mexico and Canada) or contact a Global Sales Office.
Adjacent to Camp Creek Marketplace and only 15 minutes from downtown Atlanta, the Holiday Inn Express & Suites® Atlanta Airport West - Camp Creek hotel is the perfect place for business and leisure travelers. In addition to a boutique style, we offer services like a free, 24-hour airport shuttle and an airline flight display screen in our hotel's facility.
In Atlanta, GA, corporations such as Chick-Fil-A and Delta are just minutes View More
In Atlanta, GA, corporations such as Chick-Fil-A and Delta are just minutes from our location, and if you need to hold meetings with business clients, we have two event rooms that accommodate up to 100 guests. While you look for hotels near Atlanta airport, keep in mind that we're just 4 miles from Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL) and only 3 miles from Georgia International Conference Center.
Coming to the area on vacation? Exciting downtown attractions like the World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Aquarium are just minutes from the hotel's property in Atlanta. We're also a short drive from Six Flags Over Georgia and within walking distance of Camp Creek Marketplace with more than 100 stores and restaurants.
After a day of traveling, relax by an outdoor, lakeside patio or take a dip in the heated, indoor pool. We also offer the free, hot Express Start Breakfast Bar and free Wi-Fi access to keep you energized and connected. You'll enjoy all these amenities and more when you stay at our hotel's location near the Atlanta airport.


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Price: $15.95 Sale Price: $9.99
Item# :6200135
For beginning and intermediate enthusiasts, National Geographic Birding Essentials is a must. Comprehensive and authoritative, yet engaging and user-friendly, it teaches readers how to begin and improve their birding: what to look and listen for and how to make sense of what they see and hear. A unique visual component shows actual field guide pages and how to read them, while another compares the same bird in photography versus artwork and explains how to use both for species identification. National Geographic's quality photography is a major highlight of the book, supplemented by pencil drawings and full-color maps to give birders a full range of visual information.
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Beginning Birding Essentials
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Comments about Birding Essentials:
My son-in-law has an increasing interest in identifying birds. I gave him this book to start him out in the right direction. He was very pleased.


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According to FlightStats.com, post sequester cancellations and delays, on Monday, April 22 reached as high as 52.67%. View the ten airports with the highest delay percentages in ascending order.
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Surveillance and Medical Help for HIV-infected Intravenous Drug Users in and Out of Prison
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It is difficult to detect the intestinal protozoal infections among the HIV-infected persons or travelers diarrhea by using the traditional microscopy or staining methods. The purpose of this study aimed at finding out the appropriate diagnostic methods and the infection rate of the intestinal protozoa, including the Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium and Giardia among the HIV-infected persons by using the antigen detection method and biological method. The investigators also tried to analyze the associated HIV infection status and sexual transmitted diseases (STD) including Gonorrhea, Chlamydial trachomatis, Syphilis, Genital warts and Herpes simplex virus in this study. The study will collect the blood, urine and stool samples from 200 intravenous drug user (IDU) with HIV-infected in the prisons, 400 intravenous drug user (IDU) without HIV infected and 100 intravenous drug user (IDU) with HIV infected receiving methadone maintenance treatment.
Condition |
HIV Infections |
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Observational Model: Cohort |
Official Title: | Surveillance and Medical Help for HIV-infected Intravenous Drug Users in and Out of Prison and Set up the Notional Halfway Home in Union Area of Medical Facility |
Estimated Enrollment: | 700 |
Study Start Date: | April 2008 |
Study Completion Date: | December 2010 |
Primary Completion Date: | December 2010 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Groups/Cohorts |
intravenous drug user (IDU) with HIV infected
intravenous drug user (IDU) without HIV
persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Sampling Method: | Non-Probability Sample |
The samples are obtained from Kaohsiung prison, Kaohsiung women's prison, Pingtung prison and the Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Clinical diagnosis of HIV
- Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment
- intravenous drug user (IDU)
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00739258
Taiwan | |
Kaoshing Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital | |
Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
No publications provided
Responsible Party: | Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00739258 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | KMUH-IRB-970077 |
Study First Received: | August 19, 2008 |
Last Updated: | January 20, 2012 |
Health Authority: | Taiwan: Institutional Review Board |
Keywords provided by Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital:
HIV-infected person Entamoeba Cryptosporidium Giardia ELISA PCR |
IDU Gonorrhea Chlamydial trachomatis Syphilis Genital warts Herpes simplex virus |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 05, 2015


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A competition of unplayable framerates
Phoronix: Intel Graphics Mature Greatly With The Linux Kernel
As a prelude to the forthcoming Windows 7 vs. OS X 10.8 vs. Ubuntu Linux benchmarks that are looking at how Intel OpenGL graphics compare between the operating systems, here's some Intel Sandy Bridge benchmarks that provide a historical look at how the Linux kernel -- and upgrades to the Intel Direct Rendering Manager driver within the kernel -- have matured over time. On average, the Intel Linux graphics performance is up about 30% over the course of the past few kernel releases this year.
A competition of unplayable framerates
Any improvements to expect on first generation Intel HD Graphics part of Arrandale/Clarkdale processors ?
Great article! I'm really interested to know how the Intel gfx performance on the latest Linux drivers compares with Windows now. Are they equal, or is Windows still ahead?
Better performance and fps is one thing. But what is barely mentioned anywhere is that the Intel driver still woes when dealing with HDMI/DP HBR audio. There still is no support for DTS-HD or TrueHD, neither on SandyBridge nor IvyBridge. Kinda sad...
Id also like to know if these improvements are present on Intel HD Graphics (1st gen) hardware.


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A web log for all fans of Walt Disney, The Disney Company, and its many products. Using the theories behind Walt Disney's family oriented entertainment and education, this blog is intended to be a safe read for the whole family. Proud to be a part of Quality Will Out Omnimedia. The Disney Blog is not affiliated with The Walt Disney Company in any way. All Disney parks, attractions, lands, shows, event names, etc. are registered trademarks of The Walt Disney Company. The Disney Blog is affiliated with LaughingPlace.com, the number one Disney Fan site on the internet. Please see creative commons license at the bottom of this page for copyright information. All content on this website is my own and does not necessarily represent the views of my employer or anyone else on the planet. The Disney Blog is supported by advertising and some of the links on this site and in product reviews are revenue share affiliate ads. I also do accept product for review and to give away as prizes. However, I compose all my editorial separate from any decision regarding advertising or affiliate links. YMMV.
Tag Archives: naturalization
Hall of Presidents Opens to 1000+ New American Citizens at the Magic Kingdom
The swearing in of new United States Citizens is always an emotional story. But when it happens at at Disney theme park, there is a little extra magic added to the ceremony. This year over 1000 new American citizens were … Continue reading
Posted in Walt Disney World, World Events
Tagged disney, hall of presidents, imagineer, Imagineering, ins, interview, kathy rogers, magic kingdom, mk, mp3, naturalization, naturalization ceremony, patriotism, show producer, swearing in, Walt Disney World, WDI, WDW
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Paclitaxel is commonly used to treat breast cancer, but is associated with hair loss. In this study, researchers want to determine the highest dose of a topical form of vitamin D (applied to the scalp) called calcitriol (compound 31543) that can be used by women who are receiving paclitaxel for inoperable locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. It is possible that topical calcitriol may prevent or reduce the hair loss associated with paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Patients will apply the calcitriol cream to the scalp twice daily (morning and evening).
To be eligible for this study, patients must meet several criteria, including but not limited to the following:
For more information about this study, please contact Dr. Mario Lacouture at 212-610-0079.


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C: \ Communications \ Other E-Mail Tools \ Outlook2Notes 1.10
Outlook2Notes 1.10 - Detailed Description Page
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Outlook2Notes is an extremely efficient program that makes Outlook to Lotus Notes data file transformation as simple as it can get for a user. A user enters a command line argument, then lets the program go to work. Outlook2Notes communicates with your Outlook and Lotus Notes clients, prompting you to log into each program. The program extracts Outlook folder names, email messages, attachments, appointments, meetings, tasks and notes; moves this data into a Lotus Notes NSF file. A detailed log file and a screen printout are generated as the program does its work. Outlook2Notes is "batch enabled" out of the box - no scripting or programming required! To process a single PST, isolate it in its own directory. To process multiple PSTs, group the PSTs in a set of folders. Outlook2Notes automatically recurses through the entire folder structure, starting at the folder specified when the program is started, and processes each PST found sequentially. What makes this product superior to competing products? It is fast, affordable; written, supported and used by a litigation support technology professional with years of conversion experience.
Keywords: litigation, support, tools, notes, outlook, conversion, utility, Lotus, email, PST to NSF, Shareware, Communications, Other E-Mail Tools, SoftwareForLitSupport, Outlook2Notes
Recent Changes: VISTA compatibility
Install Support: Install and Uninstall
Supported Languages: English
Additional Requirements: Lotus Notes 6.5.x or 7.x client, Outlook2003/2007 client
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United States Department of Homeland Security
Agency overview | |
Formed | November 25, 2002 |
Jurisdiction | United States |
Headquarters | Nebraska Avenue Complex Washington, D.C., U.S. 38°56′17″N 77°4′56″W / 38.93806°N 77.08222°WCoordinates: 38°56′17″N 77°4′56″W / 38.93806°N 77.08222°W |
Employees | 240,000 |
Annual budget | US$60.9 billion (FY 2014) |
Agency executives | Jeh Johnson, U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, Deputy Secretary |
Child agencies | U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services U.S. Customs and Border Protection Federal Emergency Management Agency U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Transportation Security Administration U.S. Coast Guard National Protection and Programs Directorate U.S. Secret Service |
Website | www |
"The DHS March" |
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government, first proposed by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in January 2001[1][2] and expedited in response to the September 11 attacks. The Department of Homeland Security is charged with the primary responsibilities of protecting the United States and its territories (including protectorates) from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters. The Department of Homeland Security, and not the United States Department of the Interior, is equivalent to the Interior ministries of other countries. In fiscal year 2011, DHS was allocated a budget of $98.8 billion and spent, net, $66.4 billion.
Where the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism.[3] On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the INS and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service falls under the National Protection and Programs Directorate.
With more than 200,000 employees, DHS is the third largest Cabinet department, after the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs.[4] Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the Departments of Health and Human Services, Justice, and Energy.
According to the Homeland Security Research Corporation, the combined financial year 2010 state and local homeland security (HLS) markets, which employ more than 2.2 million first responders, totaled $16.5 billion, whereas the DHS HLS market totaled $13 billion.[5] According to The Washington Post, "DHS has given $31 billion in grants since 2003 to state and local governments for homeland security and to improve their ability to find and protect against terrorists, including $3.8 billion in 2010".[6]
According to Peter Andreas, a border theorist, the creation of DHS constituted the most significant government reorganization since the Cold War,[7] and the most substantial reorganization of federal agencies since the National Security Act of 1947, which placed the different military departments under a secretary of defense and created the National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency. DHS also constitutes the most diverse merger of federal functions and responsibilities, incorporating 22 government agencies into a single organization.[8]
The first time the term "Homeland" was used in reference to a cabinet-level agency was by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in its January 2001 report to Congress when it proposed the creation of a "Homeland Security Agency" to "consolidate and refine the missions of the nearly two dozen disparate departments and agencies that have a role in U.S. homeland security today".[1][2] The first time the term was used in a bill was by Representative Mac Thornberry (R-TX 13th District)[9] in H.R. 1158, "To Establish the National Homeland Security Agency", proposed in the 107th Congress in March 2001.[10] Additionally, a July 2001 paper by the RAND Corporation outlined, in detail, how to "prepare the Army" for "Homeland Security" which RAND defined as "encompassing five distinct missions: domestic preparedness and civil support in case of attacks on civilians, continuity of government, continuity of military operations, border and coastal defense, and national missile defense."[11] Thornberry would again call for the creation of a "Homeland Security Agency" on September 12, 2001.[12] Nearly a year later in an August 5, 2002 speech, U.S. President George W. Bush stated: "We're fighting...to secure freedom in the homeland".[13] Prior to the creation of DHS, American presidents had referred to the United States as "the nation" or "the republic", and to its internal policies as "domestic".[14] Also unprecedented was the use, from 2002, of the phrase "the homeland" by White House spokespeople.[14] The choice of this phrase raised questions regarding the self-image of the United States.[15]
Though the outline and overall purpose of a Cabinet-level "Homeland Security" department had been proposed both by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in January 2001[1] and Rep. Mac Thornberry (R-Texas) in March 2001, the current iteration was created specifically in response to the September 11 attacks. President George W. Bush announced the establishment of the Office of Homeland Security (OHS) to coordinate "homeland security" efforts. The office was headed by former Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge, who assumed the title of Assistant to the President for Homeland Security. The official announcement stated:
" | The mission of the Office will be to develop and coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to secure the United States from terrorist threats or attacks. The Office will coordinate the executive branch's efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the United States.[16] | " |
Ridge began his duties as OHS director on October 8, 2001.
The Department of Homeland Security was established on November 25, 2002, by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. It was intended to consolidate U.S. executive branch organizations related to "homeland security" into a single Cabinet agency.
Prior to the signing of the bill, controversy about its adoption centered on whether the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency should be incorporated in part or in whole (neither were included). The bill itself was also controversial for the presence of unrelated "riders", as well as for eliminating certain union-friendly civil service and labor protections for department employees. Without these protections, employees could be expeditiously reassigned or dismissed on grounds of security, incompetence or insubordination, and DHS would not be required to notify their union representatives.
The plan stripped 180,000 government employees of their union rights.[17] In 2002, Bush Administration officials argued that the September 11 attacks made the proposed elimination of employee protections imperative.[18]
Congress ultimately passed the Homeland Security Act of 2002 without the union-friendly measures, and President Bush signed the bill into law on November 25, 2002. It was the largest U.S. government reorganization in the 50 years since the United States Department of Defense was created.
Tom Ridge was named secretary on January 24, 2003, and began naming his chief deputies. DHS officially began operations on January 24, 2003, but most of the department's component agencies were not transferred into the new Department until March 1.[16]
After establishing the basic structure of DHS and working to integrate its components and get the department functioning, Ridge announced his resignation on November 30, 2004, following the re-election of President Bush. Bush initially nominated former New York City Police Department commissioner Bernard Kerik as his successor, but on December 10, Kerik withdrew his nomination, citing personal reasons and saying it "would not be in the best interests" of the country for him to pursue the post.[citation needed] On January 11, 2005, President Bush nominated federal judge Michael Chertoff to succeed Ridge. Chertoff was confirmed on February 15, 2005, by a vote of 98–0 in the U.S. Senate. He was sworn in the same day.[16]
In February 2005, DHS and the Office of Personnel Management issued rules relating to employee pay and discipline for a new personnel system named MaxHR. The Washington Post said that the rules would allow DHS "to override any provision in a union contract by issuing a department-wide directive" and would make it "difficult, if not impossible, for unions to negotiate over arrangements for staffing, deployments, technology and other workplace matters".[18]
In August 2005, U.S. District Judge Rosemary M. Collyer blocked the plan on the grounds that it did not ensure collective-bargaining rights for DHS employees.[18]
A federal appeals court ruled against DHS in 2006; pending a final resolution to the litigation, Congress's fiscal year 2008 appropriations bill for DHS provided no funding for the proposed new personnel system.[18] DHS announced in early 2007 that it was retooling its pay and performance system and retiring the name "MaxHR".[16]
In a February 2008 court filing, DHS said that it would no longer pursue the new rules, and that it would abide by the existing civil service labor-management procedures. A federal court issued an order closing the case.[18]
On December 16, 2013, the U.S. Senate confirmed Jeh Johnson as the Secretary of Homeland Security.[19]
Consolidated agencies[edit]
The following 22 agencies were incorporated into the new department:[20]
Homeland Security Advisory System[edit]
On March 12, 2002, the Homeland Security Advisory System, a color-coded terrorism risk advisory scale, was created as the result of a Presidential Directive to provide a "comprehensive and effective means to disseminate information regarding the risk of terrorist acts to Federal, State, and local authorities and to the American people." Many procedures at government facilities are tied in to the alert level; for example a facility may search all entering vehicles when the alert is above a certain level. Since January 2003, it has been administered in coordination with DHS; it has also been the target of frequent jokes and ridicule on the part of the administration's detractors about its ineffectiveness. After resigning, Tom Ridge stated that he did not always agree with the threat level adjustments pushed by other government agencies.[21]
In January 2003, the office[clarification needed] was merged into the Department of Homeland Security and the White House Homeland Security Council, both of which were created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The Homeland Security Council, similar in nature to the National Security Council, retains a policy coordination and advisory role, and is led by the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security.[16]
As of January 13, 2011, the DHS advised the American public of an 'elevated national threat' level, recommending that all Americans 'should establish an emergency preparedness kit and emergency plan for themselves and their family, and stay informed about what to do during an emergency'.[22]
The National Terrorism Advisory System, or NTAS, replaces the color-coded Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS). The NTAS will include information specific to the particular credible threat, and will not use a color-coded scale.
Soon after the formation of Department of Homeland Security, the Martin Agency of Richmond, Virginia worked pro bono to create "Ready.gov", a readiness website. The site and materials were conceived in March 2002 and launched in February 2003, just before the launch of the Iraq War.[23][24][25] One of the first announcements that garnered widespread public attention to this campaign was one by Tom Ridge in which he stated that in the case of a chemical attack, citizens should use duct tape and plastic sheeting to build a homemade bunker, or "sheltering in place" to protect themselves.[26][27] As a result, the sales of duct tape skyrocketed and DHS was criticized for being too alarmist.[28] The site was promoted with banner ads containing automatic audio components on commercial web sites.
National Incident Management System[edit]
On March 1, 2004, the National Incident Management System (NIMS) was created. The stated purpose was to provide a consistent incident management approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments. Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, all federal departments were required to adopt the NIMS and to use it in their individual domestic incident management and emergency prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation program and activities.
National Response Framework[edit]
In December 2004, the National Response Plan (NRP) was created, in an attempt to align federal coordination structures, capabilities, and resources into a unified, all-discipline, and all-hazards approach to domestic incident management. The NRP was built on the template of the NIMS.
On January 22, 2008, the National Response Framework was published in the Federal Register as an updated replacement of the NRP, effective March 22, 2008.
The DHS National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) is responsible for the response system, risk management program, and requirements for cyber-security in the U.S. The division is home to US-CERT operations and the National Cyber Alert System.[29][30] The DHS Science and Technology Directorate helps government and private end-users transition to new cyber-security capabilities. This directorate also funds the Cyber Security Research and Development Center, which identifies and prioritizes research and development for NCSD.[30] The center works on the Internet's routing infrastructure (the SPRI program) and Domain Name System (DNSSEC), identity theft and other online criminal activity (ITTC), Internet traffic and networks research (PREDICT datasets and the DETER testbed), Department of Defense and HSARPA exercises (Livewire and Determined Promise), and wireless security in cooperation with Canada.[31] The Cyber Resilience Review is an example of a service that DHS NCSD provides to stakeholders in private industry.
On October 30, 2009, DHS opened the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center. The center brings together government organizations responsible for protecting computer networks and networked infrastructure.[32]
First responders[edit]
The DHS Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) runs a number of technology-based programs aimed at assisting first responders, including R-Tech, Communities of Practice, and the Virtual Social Media Working Group.
The DHS S&T First Responder Technologies (R-Tech) program helps first responders by finding solutions in areas that first responders have gaps in their abilities to respond. The program tries to do this through fast prototyping of technologies, giving technical help and support, and sharing information.[33]
Communities of Practice[edit]
The DHS S&T First Responder Communities of Practice program gives first responders an online service for professional networking, working together on projects with other organizations, and sharing resources.[34]
Virtual Social Media Working Group[edit]
First responders have increasingly used social media in emergency response and recovery operations. Social media tools are used to connect with citizens after a disaster and share information.[35]
The Virtual Social Media Working group (VSMWG) is an online platform that gives advice to first responders on how to safely and effectively use social media in emergency response operations. The working group is made up of subject matter experts from across the U.S.[35] It was created by DHS in December 2010 and gives first responders guidance and best practices regarding the use of social media during emergencies. The DHS S&T and the VSMWG work with local and state governments, academics and nonprofits.[36]
The Department of Homeland Security is headed by the Secretary of Homeland Security, who is appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The Secretary serves at the pleasure of the President. The Secretary is assisted in the management of the Department by the Deputy Secretary, several Under Secretaries, and several Assistant Secretaries. Within the Department are several component agencies and internal divisions.[37]
- Secretary of Homeland Security
- Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
- Agencies
- Divisions
- DHS Management Directorate
- DHS National Protection and Programs Directorate
- DHS Office of Health Affairs
- DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
- DHS Office of Operations Coordination
- DHS Office of Policy
- DHS Science and Technology Directorate
- Domestic Nuclear Detection Office
- Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
- Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
Budget and finances[edit]
The Department of Homeland Security was authorized a budget for Fiscal Year 2015 of $60.9 billion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows:[38]
Program | Funding (in billions) |
Management and Finance | |
Departmental Operations
Analysis and Operations
$0.3 |
Office of the Inspector General | $0.1 |
Office of Health Affairs | $0.1 |
Domestic Nuclear Detection Office | $0.3 |
Immigration and Border Security | |
Customs and Border Protection
Immigration and Customs Enforcement | $5.4 |
Citizenship and Immigration Services | $3.3 |
Law Enforcement Activities | |
Transportation Security Administration
Coast Guard
Secret Service | $1.9 |
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center | $0.3 |
National Protection and Programs Directorate
Science and Technology Directorate
Emergency Management | |
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Audit of expenditures[edit]
The DHS independent auditor is KPMG, one of the Big Four audit firms.[39] Due to the level of material weaknesses identified, KPMG were unable to audit the DHS financial statements for FY 2010.[39] KPMG were unable to express an audit opinion on the FY 2009,[40] FY 2008,[41] FY 2007,[42] FY 2005,[43] and FY 2003[44] financial statements. Attempts to access the reports for FY 2006 and FY 2004 within the 'information for citizens' portal met with a 404 error.[45] The Message from the DHS chief financial officer in the FY 2010 report states 'This Annual Financial Report (AFR) is our principal financial statement of accountability to the President, Congress and the American public. The AFR gives a comprehensive view of the Department's financial activities and demonstrates the Department's stewardship of taxpayer dollars.'[46] The Message from the DHS chief financial officer concludes 'I am extremely proud of the Department's accomplishments ... we will continue to build upon our successes.'[46] The Secretary of Homeland Security endorsed this message saying that the DHS is 'continuing to be responsible stewards of taxpayer resources. The scope of our mission is broad, challenging, and vital to the security of the Nation ... Thank you for your partnership and collaboration. Yours very truly, Janet Napolitano.'[47]
From the creation of the agency in 2002 until the adoption of a dedicated departmental seal in 2003, the DHS utilized a slightly-modified version of the U.S. great seal. A DHS press release dated June 19, 2003[48] describes the seal as follows:
" | The seal is symbolic of the Department's mission – to prevent attacks and protect Americans – on the land, in the sea and in the air. In the center of the seal, a graphically styled white American eagle appears in a circular blue field. The eagle's outstretched wings break through an inner red ring into an outer white ring that contains the words "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF" in the top half and "HOMELAND SECURITY" in the bottom half in a circular placement. The eagle's wings break through the inner circle into the outer ring to suggest that the Department of Homeland Security will break through traditional bureaucracy and perform government functions differently. In the tradition of the Great Seal of the United States, the eagle's talon on the left holds an olive branch with 13 leaves and 13 seeds while the eagle's talon on the right grasps 13 arrows.
Centered on the eagle's breast is a shield divided into three sections containing elements that represent the American homeland – air, land, and sea. The top element, a dark blue sky, contains 22 stars representing the original 22 entities that have come together to form the department. The left shield element contains white mountains behind a green plain underneath a light blue sky. The right shield element contains four wave shapes representing the oceans alternating light and dark blue separated by white lines. |
" |
The seal was developed with input from senior DHS leadership, employees, and the U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The Ad Council – which partners with DHS on its Ready.gov campaign – and the consulting company Landor Associates were responsible for graphic design and maintaining heraldic integrity.
Since its inception, the department has had its temporary headquarters in Washington, D.C.'s Nebraska Avenue Complex, a former naval facility. The 38-acre (15 ha) site, across from American University, has 32 buildings comprising 566,000 square feet (52,600 m2) of administrative space.[49] In early 2007, the Department submitted a $4.1 billion plan to Congress to consolidate its 60-plus Washington-area offices into a single headquarters complex at the St. Elizabeths Hospital campus in Anacostia, Southeast Washington, D.C. The earliest DHS began moving to St. Elizabeths is 2013.[50]
The move is being championed by District of Columbia officials because of the positive economic impact it will have on historically depressed Anacostia. The move has been criticized by historic preservationists, who claim the revitalization plans will destroy dozens of historic buildings on the campus.[51] Community activists have criticized the plans because the facility will remain walled off and have little interaction with the surrounding area.[52] On January 8, 2009, the National Capital Planning Commission approved the Department of Homeland Security's plans to move into the campus of St. Elizabeths Hospital.[53]
The new DHS headquarters campus is now slated to open in 2021. The five-year delay is due primarily to spending cuts in construction funds imposed by Congress. In fiscal 2011, DHS and the General Services Administration (GSA; which oversees construction for DHS) requested $668 million for construction and consolidation but received only $77 million. In fiscal 2012, DHS and GSA requested $377 million but received only $106 million. In fiscal 2013, President Obama's budget suggested giving GSA $56 million in construction funds, and DHS $89 million (to be used primarily for local road improvements and for moving the Coast Guard into its new building). The two agencies had requested $460 million. Only the new Coast Guard headquarters building is due to open on time (in 2013). This is because GSA has relied on $200 million in funding from the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act and a large appropriation from the fiscal 2009 federal budget to complete the structure.[54]
Excess, waste, and ineffectiveness[edit]
The Department of Homeland Security has been dogged by persistent criticism over excessive bureaucracy, waste, ineffectiveness and lack of transparency. A House of Representatives subcommittee estimated that as of September 2008 the department has wasted roughly $15 billion in failed contracts.[55] In 2003, the department came under fire after the media revealed that Laura Callahan, Deputy chief information officer at DHS with responsibilities for sensitive national security databases, had obtained her advanced computer science degrees through a diploma mill in a small town in Wyoming. The department was blamed for up to $2 billion of waste and fraud after audits by the Government Accountability Office revealed widespread misuse of government credit cards by DHS employees, with purchases including beer brewing kits, $70,000 of plastic dog booties that were later deemed unusable, boats purchased at double the retail price (many of which later could not be found), and iPods ostensibly for use in "data storage".[56][57][58][59] In 2009 it was revealed that anonymous Homeland Security employees in Indiana had collaborated on an artwork by Cindy Hinant by cutting out paper hearts while on paid time.[60][61][62]
Fragmented congressional oversight[edit]
Current and former DHS officials, 9/11 Commission members, liberal and conservative policy groups[63] and the ranking Republican member of the House Homeland Security Committee, Peter T. King, have strongly criticized the growing number of House and Senate panels that regularly demand formal reports, testimony and formal briefings from DHS officials and staff. By 2010, there were 108 congressional committees and subcommittees claiming jurisdiction over the Department of Homeland Security,[64] up from 86 committees in 2004, when the 9/11 Commission published its final report, which addressed this issue, stating that "Congress should create a single, principal point of oversight and review for homeland security."
Former DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff warns that too much oversight results, ironically, in too much autonomy for the department: "The [DHS] winds up getting a mixed message. ... So either the department has no guidance or, more likely, the department ignores both because they're in conflict. And so the department does what it wants to do."[65]
Data mining (ADVISE)[edit]
The Associated Press reported on September 5, 2007,[66] that DHS had scrapped an anti-terrorism data mining tool called ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement) after the agency's Privacy Office[67] and Office of Inspector General (OIG)[68][69] found that pilot testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without having done a Privacy Impact Assessment, a required privacy safeguard for the various uses of real personally identifiable information required by section 208 of the e-Government Act of 2002. The OIG report noted that ADVISE was poorly planned, time-consuming for analysts to use, and lacked adequate justifications. The system, in development at Lawrence Livermore and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory since 2003, had cost the agency $42 million to date. Controversy over the program preceded the Privacy Office and OIG reports; in March 2007, the Government Accountability Office stated that "the ADVISE tool could misidentify or erroneously associate an individual with undesirable activity such as fraud, crime or terrorism."[70]
Fusion centers[edit]
Fusion centers are terrorism prevention and response centers, many of which were created under a joint project between the Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs between 2003 and 2007. The fusion centers gather information not only from government sources, but also from their partners in the private sector.[71][72]
They are designed to promote information sharing at the federal level between agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Justice, US Military and state and local level government. As of July 2009[update], the Department of Homeland Security recognized at least seventy-two fusion centers.[73] Fusion centers may also be affiliated with an Emergency Operations Center that responds in the event of a disaster.
There are a number of documented criticisms of fusion centers, including relative ineffectiveness at counterterrorism activities, the potential to be used for secondary purposes unrelated to counterterrorism, and their links to violations of civil liberties of American citizens and others.[74]
David Rittgers of the Cato Institute has noted
a long line of fusion center and DHS reports labeling broad swaths of the public as a threat to national security. The North Texas Fusion System labeled Muslim lobbyists as a potential threat; a DHS analyst in Wisconsin thought both pro- and anti-abortion activists were worrisome; a Pennsylvania homeland security contractor watched environmental activists, Tea Party groups, and a Second Amendment rally; the Maryland State Police put anti-death penalty and anti-war activists in a federal terrorism database; a fusion center in Missouri thought that all third-party voters and Ron Paul supporters were a threat...."[75]
MIAC report[edit]
The Missouri Information Analysis Center (MIAC) made news in 2009 for targeting[vague] supporters of third party candidates, pro-life activists, and conspiracy theorists as potential militia members.[76] Anti-war activists and Islamic lobby groups were targeted in Texas, drawing criticism from the American Civil Liberties Union.[77]
The Privacy Office has identified a number of risks to privacy presented by the Fusion Center program: 1) justification for Fusion Centers, 2) ambiguous lines of authority, rules, and oversight, 3) participation of the military and the private sector, 4) data mining, 5) excessive secrecy, 6) inaccurate or incomplete information, and 7) mission creep.[78]
2009 Virginia terrorism threat assessment[edit]
In early April 2009, the Virginia Fusion Center came under criticism for publishing a terrorism threat assessment which stated that certain universities are potential hubs for terror related activity.[79] The report targeted historically black colleges and identified hacktivism as a form of terrorism.[80]
Mail interception[edit]
In 2006, MSNBC reported that Grant Goodman, "an 81-year-old retired University of Kansas history professor, received a letter from his friend in the Philippines that had been opened and resealed with a strip of dark green tape bearing the words "by Border Protection" and carrying the official Homeland Security seal."[81] The letter was sent by a devout Catholic Filipino woman with no history of supporting Islamic terrorism.[81] A spokesman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection "acknowledged that the agency can, will and does open mail coming to U.S. citizens that originates from a foreign country whenever it's deemed necessary":
"All mail originating outside the United States Customs territory that is to be delivered inside the U.S. Customs territory is subject to Customs examination," says the CBP Web site. That includes personal correspondence. "All mail means 'all mail,'" said John Mohan, a CBP spokesman, emphasizing the point.[81]
The Department declined to outline what criteria are used to determine when a piece of personal correspondence should be opened or to say how often or in what volume Customs might be opening mail.[81]
Goodman's story provoked outrage in the blogosphere,[82] as well as in the more established media. Reacting to the incident, Mother Jones remarked that "[u]nlike other prying government agencies, Homeland Security wants you to know it is watching you".[83] CNN observed that "[o]n the heels of the NSA wiretapping controversy, Goodman's letter raises more concern over the balance between privacy and security".[84]
Employee morale[edit]
In July 2006, the Office of Personnel Management conducted a survey of federal employees in all 36 federal agencies on job satisfaction and how they felt their respective agency was headed. DHS was last or near to last in every category including:
- 33rd on the talent management index
- 35th on the leadership and knowledge management index
- 36th on the job satisfaction index
- 36th on the results-oriented performance culture index
The low scores were attributed to major concerns about basic supervision, management and leadership within the agency. Examples from the survey reveal most concerns are about promotion and pay increase based on merit, dealing with poor performance, rewarding creativity and innovation, leadership generating high levels of motivation in the workforce, recognition for doing a good job, lack of satisfaction with various component policies and procedures and lack of information about what is going on with the organization.[85][86]
Consumer satisfaction[edit]
A 2007 AP poll ranked DHS at the bottom of an index of consumer satisfaction among cabinet departments, and two of its agencies, FEMA and TSA, at the bottom, below the IRS.[87]
See also[edit]
- Title 6 of the Code of Federal Regulations
- Title 8 of the Code of Federal Regulations
- Container Security Initiative
- E-Verify
- Electronic System for Travel Authorization
- Home Office UK
- Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program
- Homeland security grant
- Homeland Security Market Research
- Homeland Security USA
- Interior ministry—generally in other countries "interior ministries" usually deal with internal police, immigration and border control duties
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Ft. Detrick, MD
- National Strategy for Homeland Security
- Project Hostile Intent
- Public Safety Canada
- Shadow Wolves
- Terrorism in the United States
- United States visas
- United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT)
- Visa Waiver Program
- Footnotes
- ^ After 2009 FPS resides within the National Protection and Programs Directorate
- Citations
- ^ a b c "Road Map for National Security: Imperative for Change The Phase III Report of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century" (PDF). www.nssg.gov/phaseIII.pdf. US Government.
- ^ a b Jelinek, Pauline. "Panel: US soil to be cite of catastrophic attack". Associated Press.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "The National Academy of Public Administration". Napawash.org. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. HLS-HLD Markets – 2011-2014". Homeland Security Market Research. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ^ Priest, Dana and Arkin, William (December 2010) Monitoring America, Washington Post
- ^ Andreas, Peter (2003). "Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the Twenty-first Century" (PDF). International Security 28 (2): 78–111. doi:10.1162/016228803322761973.
- ^ Perl, Raphael (2004)."The Department of Homeland Security: Background and Challenges", Terrorism—reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses, Committee on Counterterrorism Challenges for Russia and the United States, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia Development, Security, and Cooperation Policy and Global Affairs, in Cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 176. National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-08971-9.
- ^ "Mac Thornberry". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_Thornberry.
- ^ "H. R. 1158 "To Establish the National Security Agency"" (PDF). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-107hr1158ih/pdf/BILLS-107hr1158ih.pdf. US government.
- ^ Larson, Eric V. "Preparing the U.S. Army for Homeland Security". https://web.archive.org/web/20010707065227/https://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1251/. RAND Corporation.
- ^ Thornberry, Mac. "Thornberry Condemns Attack, Calls for Establishment of U.S. Homeland Security Agency". https://web.archive.org/web/20011002093013/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/tx13_thornberry/Septembereleventh.htm. US Government - Rep. Thornberry.
- ^ Bovard, James. "Moral high ground not won on battlefield", USA Today, October 8, 2008. Retrieved on August 19, 2008.
- ^ a b Wolf, Naomi (2007). The End of America, page 27. Chelsea Green Publishing. ISBN 978-1-933392-79-0
- ^ Bartlett, James (December 2001). "Homeland: Behind the Buzzword". The Ethical Spectacle. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "National Strategy For Homeland Security" (PDF). pdf file. DHS. July 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 12, 2012.
- ^ Chomsky, Noam (2005). Imperial Ambitions, page 199. Metropolitan Books. ISBN 0-8050-7967-X.
- ^ a b c d e Stephen Barr. "DHS Withdraws Bid to Curb Union Rights", The Washington Post page D01, February 20, 2008. Retrieved on August 20, 2008.
- ^ Senate confirms new homeland security secretary
- ^ "History: Who Became Part of the Department?" United States Department of Homeland Security website. Retrieved on August 22, 2008.
- ^ "Remarks by Governor Ridge Announcing Homeland Security Advisory System". Dhs.gov. March 12, 2002. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ "Copy of press release 0046". US Department of Defense. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ Forbes, Daniel (May 28, 2004). "$226 Million in Govt Ads Helped Pave the Way for War". Antiwar.com. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Homeland Security: Ready.Gov". 12/29/2003. Outdoor Advertising Association of America. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "CNN Live at daybreak". Aired February 20, 2003 (CNN). Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Homeland Security Frequently Asked Questions". ready.gov. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Clean Air". ready.gov. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Are You Ready.gov?". February 21st, 2003. lies.com. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "National Cyber Security Division". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ a b "FAQ: Cyber Security R&D Center". U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T Directorate. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Ongoing Research and Development". U.S. Department of Homeland Security S&T Directorate. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ AFP-JiJi, "U.S. boots up cybersecurity center", October 31, 2009.
- ^ Home - First Responder Communities of Practice. Communities.firstresponder.gov. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security). Retrieved 2014-02-24.
- ^ "DHS First Responder Communities of Practice". First Responder Technologies Bulletin (U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate). 2011-02-11 (Retrieved 2014-02-24)
- ^ a b First Responder Communities of Practice. Virtual Social Media Working Group Community Engagement Guidance and Best Practices [FINAL] (U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate). 2012-09-18 (Retrieved 2014-02-24)
- ^ Tinder, Paul. "Social media plays major role in emergency response". BioPrepWatch. 2014-02-21 (Retrieved 2014-02-24)
- ^ "DHS | Department Structure". DHS.gov. October 11, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ 2015 Department of Homeland Security Budget Request, pg 7, United States Department of Homeland Security, Accessed 2015-07-06
- ^ a b "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2010 (vid. pp.147 ff.)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2009 (vid. p.134)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2008 (vid. p.44)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2007 (vid. p.50)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2005 (vid. p.294)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2003 (vid. p.40)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2006, FY 2004 (404 error)". US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ a b "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2010 (vid. pp.33 ff.)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ "US Department of Homeland Security Annual Financial Report FY 2010 (vid. pp.4 f.)" (PDF). US Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
- ^ Office of the Press Secretary (June 19, 2003). "Department of Homeland Security Seal". Fact Sheet. United States Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved October 24, 2006.
Today Secretary Ridge unveiled the new Department of Homeland Security seal while speaking to 200 employees in Selfridge, Michigan.The seal is symbolic of the Department's mission – to prevent attacks and protect Americans – on the land, in the sea and in the air. Seal Description: In the center of the seal, a graphically styled white American eagle appears in a circular blue field. The eagle's outstretched wings break through an inner red ring into an outer white ring that contains the words "U.S. DEPARTMENT OF" in the top half and "HOMELAND SECURITY" in the bottom half in a circular placement. The eagle's wings break through the inner circle into the outer ring to suggest that the Department of Homeland Security will break through traditional bureaucracy and perform government functions differently. In the tradition of the Great Seal of the United States, the eagle's talon on the left holds an olive branch with 13 leaves and 13 seeds while the eagle's talon on the right grasps 13 arrows. Centered on the eagle's breast is a shield divided into three sections containing elements that represent the American homeland – air, land, and sea. The top element, a dark blue sky, contains 22 stars representing the original 22 entities that have come together to form the department. The left shield element contains white mountains behind a green plain underneath a light blue sky. The right shield element contains four wave shapes representing the oceans alternating light and dark blue separated by white lines. Background: The seal was developed with input from DHS senior leadership, employees, and the U.S. Commission on Fine Arts. The Ad Council, which currently partners with DHS on its Ready campaign, and the consulting company Landor Associates were responsible for graphic design and maintaining heraldic integrity. Going Forward: All 180,000 DHS employees will soon receive a DHS lapel pin and a personalized DHS certificate. The personalized certificate signifies that the employee was part of the Department of Homeland Security at its inception. The seal will ultimately be used on department materials, signage, credentials, badges, vehicles, sea vessels and aircraft. Media wishing to obtain a high resolution version of the new Department of Homeland Security seal should contact the press office.
- ^ "Statement of Secretary Tom Ridge". DHS. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "DHS Opens New Headquarters on St. Elizabeths Campus" (Press release). DHS Press Office. July 29, 2013. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- ^ "Most Endangered Places". 2/2009. National Trust. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
- ^ Holley, Joel (June 17, 2007). "Tussle Over St. Elizabeths". Washington Post. p. C01. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "NCPC Approves Final Master Plan for DHS Headquarters at St. Elizabeths".
- ^ Medici, Andy. "Budget Plan Underfunds DHS Headquarters Construction." Federal Times. February 13, 2012. Accessed 2012-05-02.
- ^ Hedgpeth, Dana (September 17, 2008). "Congress Says DHS Oversaw $15 Billion in Failed Contracts". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
- ^ Lipton, Eric (July 19, 2006). "Homeland Security Department Is Accused of Credit Card Misuse". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ Jakes Jordan, Lara (July 19, 2006). "Credit Card Fraud at DHS". Homeland Security Weekly. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Government's Katrina credit cards criticized". Associated Press. September 15, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ Hedgpeth, Dana (September 17, 2008). "Congress says DHS oversaw $15 billion in failed contracts". Washington Post. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
- ^ Grossman, Dan (August 10, 2009). "Cindy Hinant with Greg Ajamie and Homeland Security". Nuvo. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ Marshall, Konrad (2009). "Heart Attack". Garnett Company. Indianapolis Star. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ Grow, Scott. "Cindy Hinant: Heart Attack". On The Cusp. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ Task Force Report on Streamlining and Consolidating Congressional Oversight of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (PDF). Annenberg Public Policy Center. 2013. p. 6.
- ^ "Who Oversees Homeland Security? Um, Who Doesn't?". National Public Radio. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
- ^ Task Force Report on Streamlining and Consolidating Congressional Oversight of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (PDF). Annenberg Public Policy Center. 2013. p. 13.
- ^ Sniffen, Michael J. (September 5, 2007). "DHS Ends Criticized Data-Mining Program". Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "ADVISE Report: DHS Privacy Office Review of the Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight and Semantic Enhancement (ADVISE) Program" (PDF). pdf file. DHS. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
- ^ "ADVISE Could Support Intelligence Analysis More Effectively" (PDF). pdf file. DHS. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ Singel, Ryan (March 20, 2007). "Homeland Data Tool Needs Privacy Help, Report Says". Wired. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ "Early Attention to Privacy in Developing a Key DHS Program Could Reduce Risks (GAO-07-293)". GAO. February 28, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
- ^ Monahan, T. 2009. The Murky World of 'Fusion Centres'. Criminal Justice Matters 75 (1): 20–21.
- ^ Jeffery, Keith. "Smashing Intelligence Stovepipes". Security Management. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ Report on Fusion Centers July 29, 2009 Democracy Now
- ^ Monahan, T. and Palmer, N.A. 2009. "The Emerging Politics of DHS Fusion Centers." Security Dialogue 40 (6): 617–636.
- ^ Rittgers, David (February 2, 2011) We're All Terrorists Now, Cato Institute
- ^ "'Fusion Centers' Expand Criteria to Identify Militia Members". Fox News. March 23, 2009.
- ^ Wagley, John. "Fusion Centers Under Fire in Texas and New Mexico". Security Management. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ Privacy Impact Assessment for the Department of Homeland Security State, Local, and Regional Fusion Center Initiative December 11, 2008 [2]
- ^ "Fusion center declares nation's oldest universities possible terror threat". The Raw Story. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
- ^ "Assessment" (PDF). The Raw Story. March 2009. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ^ a b c d Meeks, Brock (January 6, 2006) Homeland Security opening private mail, MSNBC
- ^ Cole, John (January 9, 2006) Your Mail- Free for Government Inspection, Balloon Juice
- ^ Dees, Diane (January 9, 2006) Department of Homeland Security opens Kansas professor's mail, Mother Jones
- ^ Transcript from The Situation Room (January 12, 2006)
- ^ "Homeland Security employees rank last in job satisfaction survey". ABC Inc., WLS-TV Chicago. February 8, 2007. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ Conroy, Bill (January 31, 2007). "DHS memo reveals agency personnel are treated like "human capital"". narco news. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
- ^ Poll: Travelers dislike TSA as much as IRS
External links[edit]
- Official website
- Department of Homeland Security in the Federal Register
- ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel
- Ready.gov – DHS website to promote readiness for natural and man-made emergencies.
- House Committee on Homeland Security
- The White House – Homeland Security
- DHS Organizational Chart PDF (144 KB) – from March 20, 2008.
- Homeland Security from UCB Libraries GovPubs
- United States Department of Homeland Security collected news and commentary at The Washington Post
- Interactive graph detailing post 9/11 DHS inter-agency communication and responsibility
- National Terrorism Advisory System
- Department of Homeland Security at the Wayback Machine (archived July 12, 2002)
- Department of Homeland Security at the Wayback Machine (archived July 26, 2002)
- Department of Homeland Security at the Wayback Machine (archived October 8, 2003)


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Malta restaurants
Sort by
Top-award-winning fine dining with views, from the uppermost storey of Mdina's only hotel.
Read full expert reviewQuite simply, Gozo's best restaurant.
Read full expert reviewLovely atmospheric restaurant with excellent food in a medieval Mdina building.
Read full expert reviewElegant Mediterranean/seafood restaurant in a converted 18th-century seafront villa.
Read full expert reviewDelicious Maltese food in a Valletta gem.
Read full expert reviewEat with Malta's MPs in the very heart of Valletta.
Read full expert reviewGourmet seafood in a cellar under one of Europe's oldest theatres.
Read full expert reviewFoodie dishes to be slowly savoured in a delightful location.
Read full expert reviewFamily-run and family-friendly restaurant on Xlendi Bay.
Read full expert reviewA rooftop Mediterranean restaurant with fantastic views and good food.
Read full expert reviewA smart-trendy award-winning urban restaurant/bar with imagination.
Read full expert reviewCosy award-winning wine bar with food in a Knights-period cellar.
Read full expert reviewAward-winning modern foodie restaurant.
Read full expert reviewLocal and Mediterranean dishes in an historic windmill.
Read full expert reviewA foodie haven in a clever conversion with summer terrace overlooking Gozo's capital.
Read full expert reviewA get-away-from-it-all restaurant just a minute's walk from the bustle of Saint Julian's.
Read full expert reviewA tiny restaurant with a big wine list in a delightful historic setting.
Read full expert reviewFamily-run and family-friendly pizzeria with fabulous sea views.
Read full expert reviewEnjoy cosy cellar or al fresco dining in a relaxed atmosphere in the heart of ancient Mdina.
Read full expert reviewA great family-run Maltese restaurant in the middle of Sliema.
Read full expert reviewMalta used to have a reputation for having taken on the culinary traditions of its colonial masters, the British – a euphemism, I'm afraid, for lousy food. Times have changed. Whilst it is still possible to eat badly (and expensively) here - as anywhere - with a little selectivity you can eat extremely well, and often for no more money.
Food and plenty of it
The Maltese love to eat so portions here are usually large – much larger than you would expect in other parts of Europe. Restaurants have however got wise to tourists ordering starters instead of main courses and some charge extra if you do this.
Tourists and locals
The Maltese also love to eat out, so one of the pleasures of going to restaurants here is that there is no divide between tourists and locals. Where tourists go, locals do too. Where locals go, tourists are almost always welcome. In fact, the locals probably rate the big hotel restaurants more highly than many tourists, who might prefer an independent establishment with a bit more character (and lower prices).
English menus
Since some Maltese still speak English as their language of preference, the fact that a restaurant has an English menu does not (as in some countries) mean it is a tourist trap.
The only people who may find themselves less well catered for in Malta are vegetarians. Whilst there are some tasty vegetable dishes here and delicious local cheese, the Maltese do not have a tradition of vegetarian main courses. You won't starve but the veggie option is often less tasty than the non-veggie and you might do better with a selection of antipasti and starters (check before that you won't be charged extra for doing this). If you eat fish you will have no problems at all. Malta makes very good use of the waters around it.
Early to bed
Outside the main tourist areas (particularly St Julian's and Paceville) restaurants close early. If you need to eat after 10pm then check ahead.
I have tended to choose restaurants offering Maltese or Mediterranean cuisine, on the grounds that most of us do not go to Malta to eat Chinese or Indian (particularly since there are very few Indians and Chinese here). I have also favoured independent restaurants rather than those in big hotels – you'll find those anyway and the smaller establishments often have more character both in terms of food and the venue, and certainly tend to be better value for money. Most of all, of course, I have picked restaurants I like. I hope you like them too.


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You look great!! Those are some HOT boots.
I love date night. We had one on Friday. It just helps to have some grown up alone time together.Hope you had a blast.
How cute! You all are adorable. We had a date night in the mall last night.. hubbs was so good to let the girls play while I could get my hair done.
I was waiting to see those boots on!Hope you guys had a great time! (Xavier had a date with Selah last night... first kiss and all! ;))
You two look wonderful.
oh you are wearing your sexy boots !! :)
I love the dress and the boots!
You look great!
lookin' good! where did you kids go for your hot date? :)
How fun! Hope you had a blast! You look terrific!
hope you had a good time. Where did you go?Jen
With the boots!Lori
Great pic!
The photo is dark on my end, but I can tell how in love you both are. You look so sweet together.
You guys seriously look GORGEOUS! My husband and I look like a pair of hobos whenever we leave the house.
You look so purty!! HOpe you guys had fun!
Fantastic! Where did you go? :) And how late did you stay out?
How exciting! Every couple with kids should have these once in a while.
We usually try to have date night every Saturday, but it's been a few weeks, so I'm jealous!
You two look great!
so cute. is he growing a beard? i want travis to grow his goatee back!
CUTE! The dress looks GORGEOUS. And the shoes are so cute. But what color are they? It's hard to tell. I hope yall had fun.
Oh Steph.......you and hubby are gorgeous!
Your comment is gonna totally make my day!


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