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Status and Availability
GMOS North and GMOS South are currently available for use and are offered in both classical and queue mode for imaging and long-slit, multi-object, and integral field spectroscopy.
Nod-and-Shuffle long-slit and multi-slit spectroscopy can be performed with both GMOSs. Nod-and-Shuffle with the IFU is only available at GMOS-S.
Neither GMOS is equipped with an atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) and there are no plans to install such devices. The absence of an ADC in GMOS has several implications on blue imaging and spectral data. A discussion of what GMOS configurations are potentially impacted and what you can do to minimize the effect of the Atmospheric Refraction on imaging and spectroscopy can be found in the Impacts of no ADC webpage.
To check current GMOS configurations:
Recent News
February 26, 2015
This note is intended to raise the awareness of a recently discovered problem with one of the Hamamatsu CCDs installed in the GMOS-S instrument.
Currently the readout of the GMOS CCD shows a "hot" column, which for some reason accumulates spurious charge. This hot column is located on the second CCD and is read out through amplifier #5, at x=1175 when binning is 2x2, so just off the center of the field. With increased exposure time and binning the saturation of this column becomes worse. The effect of this hot column, in case of severe saturation is that the background level for the section of the CCD that pertains to the same amplifier can significantly deviate from the normal level by up to 25%. Thus the usual bias subtraction and flat fielding does not result in a good uniform background. The noise characteristics of this effect are as yet unknown. Under some configurations, subtracting the local background may correctly recover the signal, possibly with a somewhat higher noise. But if the background level is strongly affected then the quality of the science data will also be affected. Hence the best strategy is to avoid this problem as much as possible.
A severe example is shown below.
An investigation of the historic trend of this effect shows that the problem started as a hot pixel of little impact. But particularly during the past few months the problem has gotten progressively worse, now affecting most of the columns and hence most of the sector that is being read out through the same amplifier.
Depending on the type of observation and the science objective the effect may be limited and can possibly be corrected for, or even disregarded. But particularly for long exposures, and full frame binned readout the effect may have a big impact. This has to be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
Our advice to minimize the effect of the hot column when preparing observations is as follows:
- · Preferably use the detector without binning, as this much reduces the saturation effect on the hot column.
- · Avoid exposure times in excess of 900 seconds in unbinned mode.
- · Avoid critical parts of the spectrum or image to fall on the section that is read out through amplifier #5.
- · If possible, carry out dithered observations, although this reduces much the observing efficiency.
In case of doubt, don't hesitate to get in touch with your Gemini contact scientist.
Our expectation is that new controller electronics that are being prepared will resolve this problem, although at the time of writing we cannot be certain of this.
Example GMOS-S raw mosaic image of the three Hamamatsu CCDs, in inverted grey scale. Each CCD has 4 readout amplifiers, resulting in four broad vertical bands per CCD. The horizontal dark band is a stellar spectrum. The leftmost section of the central CCD shows spurious uneven intensity levels that are the result of severe saturation of a CCD column.
December 19, 2014
GMOS-S is back on sky!. After a period of maintenance on the components, last night the engineering on-sky checks were performed successfully and queue observations were resumed.
November 28, 2014
GMOS-S will be removed from the telescope on Dec 2 for two weeks, and a maintenance work will be performed on the mask assembly and the OIWFS system, in order to address som reccurring faults. An assessment of the optical system will also be done. The scheduled back-on-sky date is Dec 18, 2014.
November 19, 2014
The R150 grating for GMOS-N is degrading. The degradation has only recently been discovered, but has actually been going on for about 4 years. A new R150 grating has been ordered, and delivery is expected in April 2015. The degradation is occurring only at certain wavelengths centered on 550nm and at most the reflectivity is degrading at ~ 1% per month. More details are available here.
August 22, 2014
GMOS-S is back on sky, after the Gemini South shutdown period. The problem with the electronics that affected one of the CCDs was successfully fixed and the instrument already started taking science data.
July 22, 2014
GMOS-S will be removed from the telescope today in order to fix some issues with the controller electronics. These were discovered during the first phase of the commissioning. GMOS-S will be back on sky after the scheduled GS shutdown (see telescope schedule for more details on this).
June 25, 2014
GMOS-S Hamamatsu CCDs began taking science data! While weather has been mostly poor, the final on-sky commissioning tasks are ongoing, intercalated with queue observing. Imaging, longslit spectroscopy and IFU spectroscopy have been enabled. MOS spectroscopy is still undergoing commissioning, however MOS programs that have had their preimaging taken with E2Vs can be also scheduled as soon as their masks are submitted, cut and installed.
June 10, 2014
GMOS-S was reinstalled on the telescope last friday and cooldown of the new detectors started immediately. The first daytime commissioning tasks were performed on Saturday 7th, and the daytime activity will continue during the week. On-sky commissioning is scheduled to start after June 17th.
May 22, 2014
The Hamamatsu CCDs have undergone an intensive reliability testing at CPO for the last month. GMOS-S came off the telescope on Monday, May 19 and is now on the CPO Instrument Lab, being prepared for the E2V detectors removal and for receiving the Hamamatsu CCDs.
February 26, 2014
The Hamamatsu CCDs will begin the last reliability testing in Hilo this week, and if all goes well would be shipped to GS by the end of March. The installation in GMOS-S is currently scheduled for on the second half of May. The expectation is to finish the on-sky commissioning by mid July, so that the instrument is ready for normal operation starting 2014B.
March 01, 2013
As mentioned in the August 31, 2012 news item below, the Observatory will install the new Hamamatsu CCDs in GMOS-S during the 2013B semester. The work is planned to occur during October-November, simultaneously with other instrument maintenance, and will take the instrument offline for ~6 to 8 weeks. The new detectors will provide significantly improved sensitivity, particularly in the red, and ~15 hours have been reserved in the 2013B time allocation for Demonstration Science observations after recommissioning The expected improvement over the current CCDs for GMOS-S is substantial, with significantly higher QE long ward of 550nm and essentially unchanged sensitivity in the blue (GMOS-S Hamamatsu QE comparison). Meanwhile, we are developing a plan to install a second set of detectors into GMOS-N in 2014.
October 22, 2012
Repairs to the GMOS-S mask mechanism are complete, and the instrument has been released for full spectroscopic science use. MOS and longslit capabilities were restored on October 08, and installation of the IFU is scheduled for today. Several GMOS-S program with early targets accessible from Mauna Kea have had those targets transferred to be observed with GMOS-N. This not only relieves the backlog on the GMOS-S queue resulting from this incident, but also helps the Gemini North queue which is exceedingly thin for the first few hours of the night.
September 22, 2012
The GMOS-S mask assembly suffered a serious failure the evening of September 17. Work is underway to repair the mechanism and understand the cause of the faiure. Currently the instrument is available for use in imaging mode only
August 31, 2012
The following announcement made today impacts the installation of Hamamatsu CCDs into GMOS-N and GMOS-S:
- Gemini has decided to stretch the schedule for the GMOS CCD upgrades. This decision is driven by the combination of scarcer resources from next year on and the will to focus the efforts in the first half year on FLAMINGOS-2 and GeMS.
We understand that the upgrade is eagerly awaited for by the users, but Flamingos 2 and GeMS are even more so. Furthermore, the E2V Deep-depletion devices are currently providing a significant boost in performance in GMOS-N.
The new timeline foresees an upgrade of only one system in 2013, and this is expected to be GMOS-S during the third quarter. GMOS-N will be offered with the e2v DD CCDs until its upgrade, expected in early 2014. A new decision point is set to January 2013 in order to complete the 2013B call.
February 01, 2012
The following e-mail was distributed to all PIs with GMOS-N program time awarded in semester 2011A and all 2011B semester PIs with data taken after the GMOS-N CCDs were upgraded. The data process development team recommends that only investigators reducing data taken with the GMOS-N e2v Deep Depletion CCDs download this beta patch as it is not intended as a full release.
- Data reduction support for the new GMOS North e2v Deep Depletion CCDs is now available. The gmos package has undergone many changes to ensure compatibility with 6-amp data from the new CCDs, including improved gain values and the addition of new BPMs. Please note that only data taken in slow read, low gain mode is supported. For other modes, please contact the GMOS team. Full support for the other modes will be included in a future release. The latest version of the Gemini IRAF package (v1.11) must first be installed before the beta patch can be installed. The Gemini IRAF package v1.11 is available for download at http://www.gemini.edu/sciops/data-and-results/processing-software. The beta patch, which is required for processing data from GMOS North e2v Deep Depletion CCDs, is available for download at http://www.gemini.edu/sciops/data-and-results/processing-software/releases/downloads/prereleases. Full installation instructions for the beta patch are available at http://www.gemini.edu/sciops/data/software/gemini_v111_patch1.txt. Please report any problems and / or provide feedback on the beta patch via the Gemini HelpDesk: http://www.gemini.edu/sciops/helpdesk/helpdeskIndex.html.
November 22, 2011
Gemini is pleased to announced that GMOS-N has been released for science use. There are, however, some caveats. The upgrade to e2v Deep Depletion devices has not been without it's complications, and was never intended as a permanent upgrade to GMOS-N. The detectors have been characterized as well as the limited time allowed, but not optimized. One controller re-cabling optimization was enacted in order to reduce spurious noise effects, but an unanticipated side effect of this was the unfortunate elimination of the "best amps" controller option. Efforts are underway to restore the "best amps" option, but due to time constraints and resource unavailability we do not expect to have this recovered until after the Thanksgiving holiday, if ever. In the meantime, all science data will be obtained with all six amps. Every effort is being made to ensure that Gemini IRAF data reduction scripts to properly handle the new detectors as well as six amps will be made available as soon as possible. In addition, due to the thickness of the new detectors, the GMOS team recommends exposure times not be longer than 40 minutes. Gemini staff will work with PIs to adjust exposure times and the number of amps used as necessary. The exposure time limitation will be added as a "Phase II check" in the December OT release. Detailed characteristics of the new detectors will be added to the GMOS-N Array (e2v DD) webpages as they become available.
November 01, 2011
GMOS-N was installed back on the telescope last Wednesday, October 26. On Friday a new detector temperature controller was installed in order to raise the operating temperature of GMOS-N from -120C to -100C, the manufacturer recommended value. By operating at slightly warmer temperature the QE improvement afforded by the new CCDs will be maximized. Tests over the weekend revealed an an issue with signal clipping, and today a parallel clock voltage was adjusted to correct this. Tests are on-going to assess the effect of both of these changes on dark current and to confirm we are now taking advantage of the increased full well that these detectors also possess compared to the original EEV detectors. On-sky checkouts have already been completed, and once we are happy with the detector controller operating parameters we will take our first science data with the new detectors.
October 17, 2011
GMOS-N has new detectors! The e2v deep depletion devices have been successfully installed and dark images (with the instrument still warm) have confirmed that all amps are functioning within expectations. The first test images with the GMOS-N dewar integrated back onto the instrument and cooled (but still off the telescope) are expected to be taken Thursday. If all goes well and if enough progress can be made on NIRI queue programs we could see a return to sky with the new and improved GMOS-N toward the end of next week!
October 14, 2011
GMOS-N was removed from the telescope Tuesday October 11 and is currently being disassembled. The dewar is being transported to the instrument lab on Mauna Kea where e2v DD CCD exchange will take place this weekend.
September 29, 2011
The new e2v 42-90 deep depletion devices have been received at the Gemini North Operations Headquarters in Hilo, HI. So far we are still on schedule with GMOS-N removal from the telescope scheduled for October 11.
August 12, 2011
Further testing of the Hamamatsu detector with the bad output has suggested that this CCD is no longer science worthy. While testing is continuing, plans to purchase a replacement (or spare) CCD from Hamamatsu (likely an HSC-type detector) are proceeding simultaneously. In order to bring an upgraded GMOS-N focal plane to the community as soon as possible, while allowing time for Gemini-HIA to develop and adopt safer ESD procedures and insure that a healthy Hamamatsu focal plane will be installed in GMOS-N, Gemini announces the following modification to the GMOS-N CCD upgrade plan:
- Gemini has signed a contract with e2v for the purchase of three deep depletion (DD) detectors (device designation: 42-90 with multi-layer 3 coating). These CCDs are "plug and play" replacements for the current EEV detectors, requiring no modification to the GMOS focal plane and very minor adjustments to the detector controller software. The CCDs are expected to arrive at Gemini in mid/late September of this year; note, however, that the delivery dates (and the subsequent installation and commissioning dates) are not yet confirmed.
- The current GMOS-N CCDs will be replaced with these new devices. These CCDs have improved sensitivity in the blue and the red compared to the original detectors, and extend the sensitivity to 0.98 µm. The fringing with these detectors is also much improved compared to the current GMOS-N CCDs, and is expected to be ≤ 1% peak-to-peak. More information will be made available on the GMOS-N Array (e2v DD) webpages.
- Aside from the QE and fringing, the new e2v DD devices are essentially identical to the existing CCDs. The only other upgrade planned at this time is an investigation to see if the "dust bunny" can be removed.
- Pending confirmation of the delivery schedule, GMOS-N is expected to be removed from the telescope October 11. The installation of the new devices is expected to take 5 weeks, with GMOS-N going back on-sky November 16. Barring complications, we expect to be taking science data again immediately with commissioning data necessary for characterizing the new detectors obtained in the queue.
- A patch to the Gemini GMOS data reduction scripts supporting the upgrade to e2v DD devices in GMOS-N will be made available to GMOS-N PIs for "shared risk" use as soon as possible after the upgraded GMOS-N starts obtaining queue data. After a sufficient period to finalize the CCDs characterization, complete testing and address issues, the patch will be made available on the Gemini webpages, nominally by the end of the year.
Gemini is still fully committed to delivering an upgraded focal plane array populated with Hamamatsu devices, yielding unsurpassed sensitivity in the red and extending the useful wavelength range of the GMOS-N instrument to 1.04 µm. It is expected that the e2v DD devices will populate the GMOS-N focal plane for ~6 months to 1 year maximum. Once the upgrade to GMOS-N is complete Gemini will then proceed with plans to upgrade the GMOS-S focal plane.
June 15, 2011
The Gemini-HIA project to upgrade the GMOS-N CCDs with red sensitive Hamamatsu CCDs has encountered an unexpected issue. One of the new detectors recently developed a bad output. Although the direct cause is unknown, we suspect the CCD may have been affected by an electrostatic discharge (ESD) event. While it appears that the CCD will still perform to specification for science use after adjustment of certain operating voltages, it must still be fully tested; such tests are underway at present. Discussion with other groups working with these CCDs and other similar fully-depleted devices reveals that they are much more sensitive to ESD and more easily damaged than previously appreciated. As a result of this new information, modifications to Gemini-HIA handling procedures are being put in place to ensure that the new focal plane can be safely installed in GMOS-N without risking electrostatic damage.
In addition, other recent evidence indicates that this class of devices may suffer a permanent reduction in well depth if exposed to bright light for a sufficiently long time. The need for over-illumination protection (within GMOS-N) will need to be evaluated, and possibly implemented.
The potential for significant delays resulting from one or both of these parallel tracks of investigation is high, and at this time we feel it is prudent to accept that it is unlikely the Hamamatsu GMOS-N CCDs will be commissioned in October as previously advertised. The new telescope schedule estimates commissioning will not happen before mid-December, but re-evaluation of various options for delivering improved GMOS-N CCD performance is on-going. Proposers for GMOS-N programs should continue to define their phase II observation sequences using the existing e2v CCDs until further notice.
April 28, 2011
The Region of Interest (ROI) for Central Spectrum and Central Stamp have been redefined to correct a small error whereby these ROIs were not exactly centered on the detector as had been advertised. Prior to the update the Central Spectrum was one row too low, and the Stamp was both one row too low and one column too far to the left. With the change there are several header keyword values that have changed accordingly, including DETRO1X, DETRO1Y in the primary header unit [0], and CCDSEC and DETSEC in the science data extensions [1] - [3]. The change occurred on UT 2011 April 27 for GMOS-North and UT 2011 April 28 for GMOS-South. When reducing data using these ROIs taken after these dates (in particular spectrophotometric standard stars normally use the Central Spectrum ROI) users should take care to use bias exposures from the same date or later so as to be assured of not mixing ROIs.
February 28, 2011
A replacement for the defective CCD has been ordered from Hamamatsu and is scheduled to arrive by the end of March. Upon confirmation of delivery at Gemini, the new CCD will travel to HIA to be incorporated into the new focal plane with the other two Hamamatsu CCDs. This third CCD has a different anti-reflective coating (developed for the Hyper Suprime-Cam instrument on Subaru Telescope), presenting much improved blue QE between 400-650 nm while approximately matching the improved red response of the other two Hamamatsu CCDs (originally designed for Suprime-Cam). This new CCD will be inserted at the right end of the focal plane array so that the blue end of the spectral dispersion will land on this blue enhanced detector.
- Expected CCD characteristics including quantum efficiency are available here.
- These quantum efficiencies have been incorporated into the GMOS-N ITC, and when proposing for semester 2011B PIs should choose either Hamamatsu Red or Hamamatsu Blue depending on their spectral regions of interest when estimating exposure times.
- Work is underway to incorporate the relative QE into the GMOS data reduction scripts within the Gemini IRAF package in order ease data analysis since the difference in QE between the Hamamatsu CCDs is greater than has previously existed between any of the CCDs in either GMOS focal plane.
- Barring further unanticipated delays, the new focal plane is expected to be installed in GMOS-N at the beginning of semester 2011B. The scheduled down-time for GMOS-N is ~6 weeks. For this reason the call for proposals limits the RA range for GMOS-N proposals, see the 2011B call for proposals for more information.
September 15, 2010
Update on the Hamamatsu CCDs for GMOS-N: Efforts to address controller and noise issues have progressed at HIA, and have now confirmed that one of the science CCDs has a readout problem. One of the amplifiers is unresponsive, which means that one quarter of the columns in the CCD mounted in the middle of the focal plane assembly cannot be read out. Teams at HIA and Gemini are formulating strategies for how we proceed, which include replacement of the faulty CCD and/or repositioning it in the focal plane array to minimize science impact until a replacement CCD is available. Inevitably this does mean that the CCD replacement project is again delayed, and it is quite difficult to anticipate when a science quality focal plane will be ready for commissioning. Currently we estimate that the GMOS-N CCDs replacement will happen no earlier than very late in semester 2011A. Upgrading the GMOS-N CCDs with high QE red-sensitive devices remains high among the Observatory priorities. Every effort is being made to bring the task to a conclusion that meets or exceeds the scientific community expectations. We will issue another update when we have more information and a better idea of the likely schedule.
August 06, 2010
The CCD project continues to encounter hardware difficulties, involving various detector controller components and issues with the CCDs themselves. Testing continues at HIA, but it unfortunately is no longer possible for Gemini to support an upgrade of the GMOS-N CCDs in semester 2010B. The next possible window of opportunity to swap the CCDs is in January 2011, with on-sky commissioning taking place in mid-February. We will know better the likelihood that we can take advantage of this window after the various hardware options can be further explored. We plan to issue an update in a couple of months.
June 06, 2010
The CCD testing continues at HIA, and good progress has been made on several electronics issues. However, the delivery schedule has slipped, and we now expect we will be commissioning the new CCDs for GMOS-N in the first half of November.
February 04, 2010
New broad band Z and Y filters have been ordered for GMOS-N. These filters were chosen to match the filters currently installed in the UKIRT Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) and will enable imaging and band limited spectroscopy in the new far red wavelength regime made available by the new red-sensitive CCDs. We anticipate being able to offer these filters to the community for science use in semester 2010B, contingent on the delivery schedule. More information is available here.
January 23, 2010
New red sensitive deep depletion CCDs manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics have been purchased for GMOS-N. The detectors are currently in Victoria, BC Canada being integrated into a new focal plane array at HIA. Delivery of the new focal plane array is expected at Gemini in June 2010, with commissioning scheduled for August 2010. We anticipate offering these new devices for science use in semester 2010B with the understanding that schedule delays may result in some science programs not being executed (particularly those exploiting the enhanced far red sensitivity). The popular Nod and Shuffle mode will still be available with the new detectors. More information is available here.
May 04, 2009
A new B600 grating has been successfully commissioned and is now being offered for queue and classical observing with GMOS-N. Users of the Gemini IRAF package should update their GMOSgratings.dat file. The full announcement is available here.
January 27, 2009
The original B600 grating delivered with GMOS-N has been removed from service as it has recently been damaged. A replacement grating will be ordered. The full announcement is available here.
December 12, 2008
The GMOS Photometric Standards web page was updated on November 28. The photometric zero points for GMOS-N and GMOS-S were updated. The web page includes accurate zero points and color terms values for each of the GMOS South CCDs.
October 25, 2007
Gemini is now providing GMOS users the option to design MOS masks without requiring GMOS pre-imaging of the field. This capability is offered at your own risk, and is not recommended for use by all programs. For MOS programs using slits narrower than 1.0" or for programs requiring very long observations of faint targets, Gemini recommends pre-imaging of the field with GMOS prior to designing the MOS mask. Please see the GMOS Multi-Object Spectroscopy webpages for an overview. Detailed instructions for MOS design using object catalogs are available. Please be sure to read the recommendations to ensure good mask design when using object catalogs. We thank the UK NGO office for its assistance in enabling this enhanced MOS capability.
October 23, 2007
Attempts to remove the GMOS-N flatfield features have not been successful. We are waiting for a suitable opportunity in which to more aggressively attack the situation, but that might require significant amounts of GMOS-N downtime which is not easily accommodated. Until then, users of GMOS-N imaging data should continue to employ twilight flats taken as close in time to their science imaging data as possible. The flatfield features do appear to divide out nicely and do not impact the sensitivity of GMOS very much or over a large area.
September 24, 2007
The GMOS Mask Design Instruction web page was updated on UT September 10. New instructions for PIs about the standard naming convention for mask submissions have been added. A link to the mask design check document used by the National Gemini Offices for mask design checking has been also included. The PIs are welcome to read these instructions to check and improve the mask design.
March 20, 2007
The GMOS-N flatfield features have recently changed in appearance. Observers reducing imaging data obtained since UT February 27, 2007 should take care to employ twilight flats also taken since this date. Attempts to clean the optical surfaces within the GMOS-N camera have not resulted in changes in the feature's appearance, yet the shape changed noticeably after a power outage caused the dewar to warm up. We believe this confirms our theory that the feature is actually the result of ice located on the dewar window. During the upcoming Gemini North shutdown period (March 26 - April 2, 2007) GMOS-N will be warmed up and attempts will be made to remove any contaminants from the dewar. We are optimistically expecting this new flatfield feature to therefore disappear. Watch this space for updates in early April.
December 22, 2006
The acquisition sequences for longslit observations has been updated for both GMOS (N/S). For 2007A, the longslit acquisition sequence for all Baseline and Program standard stars (flux standard, velocity standard, like-standard, telluric, etc) should use a ROI Central Stamp (300x300 unbinned pixels) to image the field, to measure the slit center and to confirm if the target is within the slit. Similar modifications were introduced in the longslit acquisitions for science observations. For Point Source, the ROI Central Stamp should be used to measure the slit center and to confirm if the science target is within the slit. For the extended objects, double source, and off-axis sources, the ROI Central Stamp should be used only to measure the slit center. We recommend to use the updated GMOS OT library as a source of example for these observations. See also the GMOS OT Helpful Hints web page for detailed information.
December 22, 2006
The GMOS-S World Coordinate System has been updated on UT November 28, 2006. With the new WCS, we have improved the large offsets ((RA~5", DEC~4") which has been presented in the the images. The WCS still has offsets of the order of ~0.8"-1.0". Users, please send your feedback about the accuracy of the new GMOS-S WCS since Novembre 28, 2006.
September 12, 2006
On UT September 9, 2006 the GMOS-N World Coordinate System was updated. The WCS is still only a first order correction (pixel scale and rotation) but we believe we have improved the large (~5") offset which has been present in GMOS-N images prior to this and the pixel scale has been improved. The WCS will still have offsets which should be on the order of ~1", we believe these errors originate not from the WCS calibration but from remaining errors in the OIWFS probe mapping (steps to improve the GMOS OIWFS probe mapping are continuing for both GMOS-N and GMOS-S - watch this space for updates). The WCS for GMOS-S is expected to be similarly updated shortly. We are interested in feedback from users as to the accuracy of the GMOS-N WCS since September 9, 2006.
August 30, 2006
Since the recent Gemini North shutdown new flatfield features have appeared on GMOS-N. Observers should take care to employ the correct Twilight Flats in order to remove these features from their data. We are investigating their removal and will post updates when available.
August 30, 2006
We are in the process of updating the GCAL configurations and exposure times for GCALflats and CuAr calibrations. The current table will be replaced with the new table including example spectra and more possible GMOS configurations once we have completed this task.
August 30, 2006
We have recently discovered that GMOS spectra suffer from scattered light which we believe originates from the classically ruled diffraction gratings. Information as to how much scattered light as a function of wavelength for each grating will be made available here as we progress with the characterization.


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*At time of publication
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Older comments
Lady Gaga's "FAME", Rihanna "Nude", and Marc Jacob's "Daisy" are missing. Donna Karen's "Cashmere Mist" does have a pleasant scent.
by hiddenexpose Friday, April 12, 2013 at 12:44PM Report as inappropriate
I like some of these, but many great scents are missing--Nina Ricci's "L'Air du Temps," "Chanel," Paul Sebastian's "Design," Chanel's "Cristalle," and Estee Lauder's "White Linen" and "Pleasures."
by GigiSD Thursday, April 11, 2013 at 01:33PM Report as inappropriate
Have any of you tried Bella? What's it remind you of?
by Lexxie2004 Monday, April 8, 2013 at 10:30PM Report as inappropriate
Have actually never tried any of theese, happy for some new suggestions!
by Kbhaber Friday, March 8, 2013 at 06:35AM Report as inappropriate
Some of these were good
by LittleBunny Saturday, January 19, 2013 at 11:20PM Report as inappropriate
Where I don't like most of the ones mentioned, I love love love a few that are. And I like that they are on there and other women agree. They aren't soft and daytime like. The others are similar to me. But a good mix.
by RedFracas Saturday, January 19, 2013 at 11:51AM Report as inappropriate
I cant believe Chanel was not in there! But it was good.
by Glam101 Sunday, January 13, 2013 at 08:23PM Report as inappropriate
I don't know ladies. I adore J'Adore, but honestly, can't afford it. My next best pick is Eternal Magic by Avon. I sell Avon, but I'm not biased, but this is not old fashioned or overpowering or cloying. Stays with you all day too. You need to know an Avon rep to let you know which type you're looking for as they vary widely.
by kaerae01 Tuesday, December 18, 2012 at 02:45PM Report as inappropriate
I've only tried two in the list. VS is okay. Avon's is amazing but can be overwhelming if over applied. But again, it happens with any perfume!
by yestfl Saturday, November 10, 2012 at 08:35PM Report as inappropriate


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Book your room at Casablanca Hotel
Cozy Classic Petite Room with 1 full size bed (no view, no tub)
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Suite, 2 Double Beds
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)Deluxe Room, 1 Queen Bed
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Premium Room, 1 King Bed
Max Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)Premium Room, 2 Beds
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)Suite, 1 King Bed
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)Free continental breakfast and free WiFi in midtown Manhattan
Broadway and Times Square
Casablanca Hotel is right by Broadway and Times Square and 2 blocks from the famous stores lining Fifth Avenue. New York landmarks like the Rockefeller Center and the Empire State Building are a short walk, and guests can catch top Broadway shows nearby at the Nederlander and Roundabout theaters.
Free continental breakfast at Rick's
A generous continental breakfast is served in Rick's Café, with free tea, coffee, juice, and cookies available 24 hours a day. Guests are welcome to the free evening cheese and wine reception, and can then sit down to classic New York Italian dishes at onsite restaurant Tony's Di Napoli.
Cool decor and free WiFi
All rooms are decorated in warm Moroccan hues, suggesting the classic Hollywood glamour of the movie the hotel is named for. Guests can book tickets for local shows online using free WiFi. Rooms look out onto 43rd Street or the Blue Parrot courtyard.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The smoke-free Casablanca Hotel opens its VIP lounge, Rick's Café, to all guests to enjoy free continental breakfast in the morning, refreshments throughout the day, and an evening wine-and-cheese reception. The hotel also offers Tony's DiNapoli Restaurant, which provides a bar and offers room service.
Travelers appreciate the hotel's free WiFi access along with concierge and dry cleaning services and a 24-hour front desk. Free newspapers are available in the lobby.
- 24-hour front desk
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Total number of rooms - 48
- Number of floors - 6
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Concierge services
- Elevator/lift
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Luggage storage
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Library
- Multilingual staff
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Smoke-free property
- Free WiFi
- One meeting room
- Free reception
- Free use of nearby fitness center
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- DVD player
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Self parking (surcharge)
Room Amenities
- Premium TV channels
- DVD player
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Phone
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Hypo-allergenic bedding available
- Free bottled water
- Cable TV service
- Flat-panel TV
- Free newspaper
- Climate control
- Daily housekeeping
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Slippers
- Rainfall showerhead
- Room service (limited hours)
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
VIP Lounge - Open 24 hours and serving complimentary continental breakfast of bagels, pastries, hot and cold cereal, yogurt, and boiled eggs. Throughout the day, the lounge offers tea, fruit, and cookies. Each evening, guests enjoy a free wine-and-cheese reception.
Tony's DiNapoli Restaurant - This venue has a welcoming bar and serves Italian favorites.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
No rollaway/extra beds available
- Self parking fee: USD 30 per day
We should mention
This property's policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre-wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties. Children 17 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


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In an effort to create awareness about a rare fatal genetic blood disorder known as Cooley's Anemia (aka Thalassemia Major), the New York Mets have partnered with the Cooley's Anemia Foundation for a special Cooley's Anemia Awareness Night at Citifield. Join us to support the thalassemia community, and sit with fellow supporters in designated Left Field Reserved, Pepsi Porch and Field Level Seats. A portion of each group ticket sold though this online offer will benefit the Cooley's Anemia Foundation to help fund research to find a cure.The Cooleys Anemia Foundation is dedicated to serving people afflicted with various forms of thalassemia, most notably the major form of this genetic blood disease, Cooley's Anemia/Thalassemia Major. Our mission is advancing the treatment and cure for this fatal blood disease, enhancing the quality of life of patients and educating the medical profession, trait carriers and the public about Cooley's Anemia/Thalassemia Major.
August 23 vs. Detroit | Your Price |
Promenade Reserved | $35 |
Pepsi Porch | $46 |
Baseline Silver | $60 |
For more information, please contact the Nicole Annese at 718-559-3020 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Returning Customers
If you are a registered user, please enter your ART portal username and password.
The Two Gospels
Item# 42294
Registered Price [?]
Non Registered Price
- Sales Unit: each
- Pages: 155
- Material Type: Softcover
- Dimensions: 5¼" x 8"
Awana Co-Founder Lance Latham clearly presents the central issues of the gospel in this Awana classic.
Clarify the miracle of God's grace and its implications for your ministry.


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Bring on Ohio State!!
"Winning isn't everything, it's the only thing."
Fuk yeah!
I wanted to win by 20. Not even kidding. The Irish cockiness wanted me to see them do it.
Great game tonight. Fantastic D the whole game.
Two years, two blowout tournament wins over teams from the almighty Big East!
Originally Posted by IHavNoCyCash I wanted to win by 20. Not even kidding. The Irish cockiness wanted me to see them do it. we made them cry. That is good enough for me.
turns out we're a better team with competent, not paid-off, officiating
Proud of Booker for damn fine mins. in the game.... Niang... just wow. And Korey for breaking the funk that he felt in the b12 tourney. Great ISU win!!!!!
At least the Irish didn't attempt a windmill.
Iowa State vs. Ohio State....how will New York or L.A. keep us straight? "It's where they grow the potatoes!"
Notre Dame does not show up for important games in football and basketball, no joke!!!!
Well, I guess that ND should have been discussing ISU instead of OSU - at all levels.
Good win. If we can put together another game like that it's on to the sweet 16.
Forum Rules


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Since playing their first show in 1999, under-sung San Francisco locals The Plus Ones have released two full-length albums, three EPs, completed nine national tours, performed a countless number of local shows, and have featured at least fourteen different band members. I think you'll agree, that's a lot of numbers.
Their sound can be described as smart songs played at great volume. Some people say powerpop, some say indie rock, but the band themselves have been


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997 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-6597
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1003 Chafee Ave.Augusta, GA 30912 706-721-2426
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821 St. Sebastian WayAugusta, GA 30912706-721-2971
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For both the person facing cancer and death, and survivors after the death of a loved one, it is natural to experience many symptoms of grief. These can include:
Physical symptoms
Emotional symptoms
Spiritual symptoms
Lack of energy; fatigue
Headaches and upset stomach
Excessive sleeping or, conversely, overworking and excessive activity
Memory lapses, distraction, and preoccupation
Depression and, conversely, feelings of euphoria
Extreme anger or, conversely, feelings of being resigned to the situation
Feelings of being closer to God or, conversely, feelings of anger and outrage at God
Strengthening of faith or, conversely, questioning of faith
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Denial. Denial is a stage where people try to believe that the cancer diagnosis is not happening to them or their family. One may feel numb, or in a state of shock. Denial is a protective emotion when a life event is too overwhelming to deal with all at once.
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Depression and sadness. This is a stage in which the diagnosis of cancer can no longer be denied and those involved may feel a profound sense of sadness. This is normal. It can be accompanied by physical changes, such as trouble sleeping or excessive sleeping, changes in appetite, difficulty concentrating on simple daily activities, or feeling a constant fear that someone else in the family will be diagnosed with cancer. It is important to talk about depression with a health care professional, such as a social worker, or counselor, or meet with a support group to help you cope with your feelings.
Acceptance. Acceptance is a stage in which you have accepted the cancer diagnosis and are at a point where cancer has been incorporated as part of your life. You have made an adjustment to the illness. This does not mean that you will never feel other emotions, but usually families find that they are better able to manage their lives overall once they reach this stage. Going through the grieving process is the best way to cope with a cancer diagnosis. By giving yourself and your family permission to grieve, you will be able to cope.
Most people need honest and accurate information regarding their illness, treatment plan, treatment options, and prognosis. People communicate their fears and concerns in many ways: crying, yelling, ignoring others, seeking information from others, and writing letters. These feelings of sadness, confusion, anger, and fear are all acceptable.
It is important to understand that each person and family is different. Given that different cultures have varying beliefs about death, there is no one single right way to discuss death. In general, an open communication style allows the dying person to express his or her fears and desires. This openness does not happen overnight. The ultimate goal in discussing death with a dying person is to optimize his or her comfort and alleviate any fears. If the person is not ready to discuss death, the most helpful step spouses, family, and caregivers can take is to wait until he or she is ready. Let the person know you are willing to talk to him or her whenever he or she is ready to do so. Forcing information will usually result in anger, distrust, and emotional distance from others. Waiting until someone is ready to handle the situation will allow for better communication.


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Protecting Unstructured Data On File Servers, NetApp, EMC and SharePoint
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Overview: Unstructured data is a very real security risk and compliance concern for your business. Every single email, document and spreadsheet has business-critical - and sometimes highly sensitive information. Meanwhile your organization is generating more and of those documents every day. What's the best way to safeguard the information that's vital to your company?
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Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
The Gestapo is at it again. Then they wonder why we are in this economic decline. Keep intervening with the free market and you will continue the Central Planning depression we are in.
I suppose you think it was a shame that the gestapo of the Kennedy government made it so hard for the 'free market' to discriminate against black people in the 50's and 60's despite there being demand for it?
Oh sure... This is the same thing. Give me break. There is no comparison. And as a person of color I can tell you I do not go where I am not wanted.
The Kennedy laws were correct to stop govt sponsored discrimination. Private business should do what ever they want. They are the ones who loose the business, and professional contributions of any minority they discriminate against. And over time they will loose in to the competition that doesn't discriminate. The Free Market will fix it, if govt doesn't intervene to coerce anyone.
Ah so you would not take any kind of legal action if you applied for a job and were turned down on the basis of your colour? What if instead they told you that it wasn't colour but rather it was because you were too ugly, is that different?
Agreed, it's not government force that would stop me from being a consumer of a company that had racial discrimination.
But there are certainly many public facing jobs where actractiveness is required. Think also of many hollywood roles. A romantic comedy where the couple is unattractive is unlikely to get much business.
NO I wouldn't. I don't want to work for someone who would not like me because of my color but was obligated to hire me by law. Is that the kind of environment you want to work?
I'd rather know upfront who is the idiot who arbitrarily would discriminate against me, than actually working for him. All of this legal action stuff is only good for lawyers, politicians and opportunists.
"What if instead they told you that it wasn't colour but rather it was because you were too ugly, is that different?"
I am beautiful, so I wouldn't know how to relate in order to answer this question.
Fatties and ugly people are just jealous of us beautiful people.
that's very interesting, it just tends to meet the male customers' demand. who would refuse a beautiful lady to take a cup of coffee for you???
Could Marylou's argue that Women (and men for that matter) of above average looks are statistically more likely to have hire IQs?
Who cares about a waitress's IQ?
Like being shortchanged? Check the bill and change not legs !
It's like this:
At the bottom level, what you need in a waitress is the ability to carry trays without dropping them, do elementary mathematics, and remember what people order (so no waitresses with lesions upon the hippocampus). For cheaper resturants and coffee shop that is all you need.
For more expensive and high classes resturants that can afford to pay their staff more, the next level of waitresses should have all of the traits above and be attractive and know how to behave properly in the company of high class customers.
High quality waiters and waitresses seperate themselves by the merely competent not by being more intelligent, but by being more attractive and being able to project the right attitude.
Make sense?
Thanks for the insight..it was just an angle for gender dynamics at work in public places.
Yes, it does magnify your point of view about cheaper places for eating and dinning and classy ones.Each one demands its own protocols while visiting as lone person or in group gathering of friends and relations.
This is why we need more female managers.Otherwise male bosses would continue to surround themselves with potential sex partners as opposed to the most qualified to do the job worker.
You're kidding, right? That's the most ridicolous assumption I have ever heard.
I hear the porn industry in the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles needs a lot of new talent.
Can't agree that physical attractiveness is genetically determined just like intelligence. The former can be improved with a lot of hard work - gym, good diet, make-up, investing in hair-dresser/clothes/plastic surgery. There is little you can do about the latter.
So all in all, discrimination based on the appearance has more merit than based on the intelligence
Or alternatively its a proxy for age discrimination.
Susan Boyle being a good example of this
There is a degree of unattractiveness that cannot be masked with makeup, fitness, etc.
Every bar patron is painfully aware of this fact. . .
Alcohol will improve looks though, especially when combined with a touch of desperation.
Blown away that you think you can't improve your intelligence. I enjoy reading and enjoy watching TV - why do you think I choose to read more?
In the US beautiful people serve you either in coffee shops(and restaurants)or in Chippendales clubs, while the clients usually look ugly.
I said that to some waitresses in a Starbucks when I studied in California and they all fell in love with me.I´ve never had to tip them, cause I´m "romantic"(try it, its a good line)...
But I was actually chocked, beauty there is directly related to money, people wanna buy it, they want a piece of that, disturbing.
Here in South America usually servants are not beautiful, but the clients usually are, or at least the chances to meet beautiful people being served is much higher than to find beautiful people serving.There are some exceptions, like when you go to some international brand show or party(or car exhibitions), then they copy the US and hire just beauties. But most of the time this is not important in chains, as even their uniform always makes them look worse.
But I´ve noticed one thing here, when the economy goes bad, pretty girls work in fancy clothes stores everywhere. When the economy goes well, they "disappear", because they are hired to do more "intelligent" work, in offices. I guess some married and bored executives can sure use that stimulus.
I read somewhere that NY has a "waitresses beauty index", to measure the economy shape. When you are being served by pretty waitresses, the economy goes bad, and when you are being served by ugly ones, the economy goes really well.
At the end, it seems that you can´t have it all...
"But I´ve noticed one thing here, when the economy goes bad, pretty girls work in fancy clothes stores everywhere. When the economy goes well, they "disappear", because they are hired to do more "intelligent" work, in offices."
May be you are observant, or just plain well read. There have been many studies which confirm this.
Yes, indeed, and I have many married and bored executive friends too.
It is the "Hot Waitress Index".
Yes, you found it, thanks.
One of the most misused words in the language is "discriminate". If there is one thing that racists and other prejudiced people do not do it's discriminate.
For example, if I interview several people for a job and then select those most qualified I am discriminating, based soleley upon their qualifications.
However, if I eliminate several of the applicants because of their race, religion sex, whatever, I am being undiscriminating. I am treating all members of that race, religion or sex exactly the same.
So, discrimination on suitable grounds is a good thing but a lack of discrimination, eg all members of that group are the same and won't (or will) be considered, is a bad thing.
I will be making a movie about 11th century vikings
I hope they don't force me to include an asian, a african and whoever else into the cast, so that quotas are adhered to (fat ladies I can do, no problem).
Imagine a chinese guy, in a horned helmet, swinging an axe and crying odes to Odin in old norse...
if you did as much as smiled, you belong in JAIL.
Except viking never wore horned helmets.
Yes, Reeko is right, you are being so prejudicial, horned helmet people were from Galicia, Spain(that "latino" country)...
As an Asian, I would wish the same. You see around the time these guys were plundering and destroying things Asians were writing theories on astronomy and building great and advanced civilizations.
sorry, horned helmets are a must, when one makes a film about vikings. just a fact of life.
Lol...good point!
Wow, joski65, I'm so impressed.
...and a good thing, too. The vikings needed something to plunder.
yep movies should only have average looking people in them, the olympics only open to those of average ability otherwise it is discrimination. why can't I go to the olympics? it's not fair! There should be a law against this!
Everyone should wear the same clothes, go to the same schools, buy the same goods and services. Whay hasn't someone tried that yet....
A hard hitting expose that talks of the very subject.... http://www.theonion.com/articles/special-olympics-fixed,1998/
Remember when the Clinton administration went after Hooters, who features busty waitresses in short pants? Janet Reno, the attorney general, was widely mocked when hairy men wearing low cut shirts were shown in ads asking if this is who you want to see serving your beer, chicken, wings, and clams at Hooters.
Here in Chile where I live scantily clad women serve coffee to businessmen and women. No one complains. It is refreshing to live in a place without so many laws directed at one's thoughts and opinions.
No one complains except the unemployed and less attractive (but better qualified and harder working) youth.
Because they're pretty they can't be qualified or hard working?
No - it is pretty reasonable to assume that there is no correlation between beauty and merit. An over-abundance of pretty people in the job as compared to the general population therefore indicates discrimination by attractiveness over merit.
Wrong; there is a clear correlation. If height is a proxy of beauty (and it most certainly is), taller people get paid more, get married earlier, and are happier than their shrimpy competitors.
Also, more to your point, they tend to be smarter because they receive more positive reinforcement and encouragement during their formative years. Mothers, although they would never admit it (and it is most likely unconscious), tend to favor their more attractive offspring.
Height is not a proxy for beauty. Studies show that facial (and to a lesser extent) body symmetry is a proxy for beauty. Height also correlates to pay to a greater extent with mean than women.
Any non merit based discrimination should of course be illegal in most industries (except sport and beauty contests for example).
In answer to your second point you are wrong again. Studies show a correlation between the wealth of parents and the financial success of their offspring. This has nothing to do with attractiveness and everything to do with the parents.
Maybe EEOC should start by staffing its staff canteens exclusively with ugly people and see how it impacts the employee morales... :P
Perhaps they do and this investigation is fueled by envy on the part of an EEOC staffer.
While it might be market demand that dictates to hire an attractive, young person to cater customers, I believe the main criteria should be how they are services, not by whom. I wonder when this discrimination based on skin color, looks, body type, language, and hundred other bullshit comes to end? Having a job is a human right, so preventing someone from accessing it is a crime. Who cares who serves your food or coffee? White, black, tall, short, you're just here for a service, not for going to bed with them. Don't you think of getting old some day???
Having a job is a human right? Seriously..?
I wish it was, but its not. Having a job depends on the state of the economy, your talents/abilities and how much in demand they are, luck and myriad other factors. There is no workable system in the world that can guarantee employment to everyone who wants it.
And when many equally qualified people compete for a given position, its a fact of life that the better looking ones will have an advantage.
I do agree that race or gender ALONE should not disqualify anyone for a job and doing so should be criminal. But different jobs require different qualifications; it may be physical strength, math skill, a good voice, an ivy league degree or even looks. If ML's marketing position revolves around having attractive servers, that's "fair" enough.
ALSO, ANY JOB CREATED HELPS EVERYONE IN THE JOB MARKET. When MaryLou hires a 1000 attractive women as servers, it also creates equivalent openings elsewhere (assuming these women quit existing jobs to join ML.)
Alternatively, they reduce jobless pool by a 1000 good looking applicants, improving chances for the remaining job-seekers.
Personally, I admire your position. Hope you will support Cafes and establishments that don't discriminate on looks and more power to you.
A human right. Hilarious! The only "rights" humans have are the ones their society grants them (or, you may say, which they grant themselves, as members of society). Human rights are an artificial construct we've designed to make our lives more tolerable.
The notion of human rights changes from society to society. And I don't know of many societies which count "having a job" among these rights.
U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 23. Part 1. Your ignorance of human rights doesn't make them go away.
To: GG109 and JacobM1 - yes, having a job is both a human right to supply him/herself for living, and an obligation to contribute to the society.
Looks do play a role in hiring in modeling agencies, night clubs and porn industry. But I don't believe someone with necessary skill sets, physical strength, etc for performing the job should be denied employment. While cafes and establishments such as Abercrombie claim that it's part if their "brand image", they're not Chippendales or a modeling firm.
That was precisely my point JacobM1. I was replying in to LostArgonaut's post. I DO NOT hold the view that having a job is a "right".
That was precisely my point JacobM1. I was replying in to LostArgonaut's post. I DO NOT hold the view that having a job is a "right".
The article illustrates the absurdity and inhumanity of endlessly dictating and directing human activities with the unlimited and totalitarian excuse that "social justice" always requires another rule,law, ban,punishment,tax,crime or Czar! Let humans be humans and stop pretending the most power hungry, vain and foolish among us has any business dictating to the rest of us how to live!
The fact that attractive people have advantages over less attractive just goes with our DNA! We are not talking about the ancient horrors of religious bigotry or slavery or the residuals of slavery like race discrimination. Women are doing better than men now that they are not subject to rape and other domestic violence at will. Once you have addressed the worst, be wise and stop playing Philosopher King when you are illiterate about the classics anyway!
Exactly! If attractive people have a natural advantage in the service industry, let them enjoy it. Are we discriminating against stupid people because doctors, engineers, and executives are predominantly intelligent?
Should we promote dumb people to lead our countries, so they don't feel left out?
Or maybe we should let crooks manage finance, since honest people would be the obvious choice? Oh wait...
Yes virtuous people lack the advantages their virtues are somehow supposed to entitle them to. "See the wicked prosper!" Jeremiah 12:2. If you don't make virtue its own reward, then shut up!
I tend to avoid shops with pretty faces because it makes me feel like I am going to a sex shop, now take that for discrimination.
Hey, you can take it! You don't need a law to be confident.
I agree. That's what going to a sex shop is for.
Some jobs require intelligent people, others require strong people, and others require attractive people. If someone is too dumb to get a job as a lawyer, no one would say that is discrimination. Similarly, some people are too ugly to work in the certain sectors of the service industry. Why would someone pay close to $5 for a cup of coffee from a fat or homely barista? People go to resturants and coffee bars at least as much for the service and atmosphere as for the actual food and drink. It is the job of the staff to add to that atmosphere by being, among other things, good looking.
So you go to coffee shops to eye up waitresses as part of the atmosphere?
Personally I go to spend time with friends and to buy a decent cup of coffee and I would rather the barista was a skilled coffee maker than a scantily clad woman thanks.
Hiring attractive people over merit is lowest common denominator marketing and isnt worthy of civilised society.
Then you can make your coffee purchases on your priorities and he can make his purchased based on his. Why should your morality control how he spends his money?
Yes, eyeing up waitresses is part of the atmosphere and can be a great conversation starter when dealing with new clients.
The issue isn't whether or not the waitresses are scantily clad; that's a bit beyond my taste for a coffee house though I can't condemn anyone else for desiring that. It is about what are the qualifications of being a service person. Virtually any person over the age of 15 is capable of serving coffee or food, or working as a sales clerk or cashier in a super market. Coffee shops use coffee machines. A person would have to be awfully incompetent (or inexperienced) to mess up making someone a cup of coffee. Barista's and other service people distinguish themselves by their superficial interactions with a customer. Most people would rather have a young and attractive woman hand them a coffee with a smile then some older gentleman or some such. As such, good looking people are in a better position to serve and please the customers. If we define merit, in this context, as the ability to fulfill the requirements of your job; attractive people are more meritorious in those types of service jobs.
I live in China and there is high-end grocery store by my home that only hires attractive young women. All of the cashiers and all of the clerks hovering around are aesthetically pleasing. It contributes to a positive atmosphere and most normal people would appreciate that. But you can't have that in America because apparently it is discrimination against heavy set individuals who'd love be cashiers.
Morality controls purchases all the time. Sanctions against companies in countries that break international law or discriminate against certain people groups. Rules have to be followed to do business and one of those is that employment is merit based and not influenced by the colour of your skin or how attractive you happen to be, is that such a difficult concept?
"one of those is that employment is merit based"
Attractiveness is the determinant of merit for waitresses.
That's exactly the issue that you don't seem to understand.
It isn't immoral to enjoy being in an aesthetically appealing environment. Even if you believe that it is, we don't want the government trying to socially engineer us. If I want to go to a coffee with beautiful waitresses, who are you to tell me I can't?
MARYLOU'S COFFEE, a chain in New England? You sure?
If they segment the kofi market to old men, then these hotties are a hit.
I know what's next:
It will be illegal in the US to discriminate for employment on the basis of IQ.
IQ like the color of your skin or physical attractiveness is substantially determined by your genes so who gives these corporations run by evil doers the right to actively discriminate against the simple folks after all democracy is all about one man one vote isn't it?
except intelligence is harder to measure than beauty
not really agreed a standadized IQ test is only a partial representation you by and large can tell if someone has brains or is umm simple.
Beauty though is probably even more subjective some consider the skinny blond type beautiful others the latin type etc etc
Its in the eye of the beholder as to how beautiful a person is.
However like intelligence one can pretty easily tell who is beautiful and who isn't.
"IQ like the color of your skin or physical attractiveness is substantially determined by your genes"
Actually, not sure how much your IQ is determined by your genes - I don't think that's the right analogy to make. (Remember that one of the arguments against slave emancipation was that blacks as race don't have the IQ to be free citizens).
Genes have significant influence I am sure, but unless you're mentally deficient in the physiological sense, you can always study hard, apply yourself and gain intelligence - provided you apply yourself and society gives you the chance to get a basic education.
Come to think of it, attractiveness is also not completely gene-based. Staying fit, eating well, skill at applying make-up, dressing-sense and mannerisms all contribute significantly. After all, most of ML's "hot" waitresses are not really super-models, just generally good looking.
PS: I do agree that its "fair" for the service industry to discriminate based on looks and employers should also be free to discriminate on IQ, (irrespective of whether anyone thinks these factors are gene-based or not).
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13 July, 2011
the claw ship
thanks for adding in the video of the claw as an outer space ship,lol-the crowd roared with delight when they saw that one.
TTTYAATW---super cool and funky tune.
the boys sounded great on that...
can you play the whole AB album for the last show?
12 July, 2011
Blue Sky Days
My wife & I arrived on 7/4 for a few days in our old haunts to enjoy several wonderful blue sky days (leaving all the NC heat & humidity behind) certainly highlighted by one fantastic GA night in Soldier Field. Chicago without a doubt has a significant symbiotic relationship with the band.


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Baseball at Iowa Cancelled by Rain
This is Creighton's 14th game in 2013 affected by poor weather conditions. Below is a recap of the weather related issues faced by the Bluejays.
• Lamar Cancelled: Creighton was forced to withdraw from the Lamar Tournament (Feb. 22-24) due to travel complications caused by a snow storm.
• BYU Moved: The ensuing weekend Creighton was forced to move its series at BYU four hours south to St. George Utah as the field in Provo, Utah was unplayable.
• Home Opener Relocated: Creighton staff and players feverishly removed snow from the Creighton Sports Complex when the Bluejays' home opener against North Dakota had to be moved from TD Ameritrade Park Omaha due to concerns about the playing surface.
• Postponed: The contest with South Dakota State on March 20th was moved to May 8th by severe wind and cold.
• Dodging Snow: Creighton and Evansville moved their March 24th contest to a doubleheader on March 23rd to avoid snow.
• Postponed II: The game at Iowa scheduled for March 27 was moved to April 23 by standing snow in Iowa City, Iowa.
• Rained Out: Creighton's April 9th game at Nebraska was cancelled due to rain, no makeup date has currently been set.
• Rained Out II: The Jays' April 10th game with Air Force was cancelled due to rain, the game will not be made up.
• Rained Out III: The Jays' April 23rd game at Iowa cancelled due to rainy conditions, the game will not be made up.


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The Americana belt from Nixon is made from genuine leather and features a metal wings logo on the loop with a custom-cast single-post buckle, so you can wrap yourself in some boy-next-door patriotic charm.
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The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. If the esophagus is too narrow, swallowing problems can occur.
During an esophageal dilation, the doctor places a tube-shaped device into the esophagus to widen the narrow part. This procedure makes it easier to swallow and get proper nutrition.
Reasons for Procedure
Esophageal dilation is done to treat a narrowing in the esophagus, called a stricture. This happens when there is a build-up of scar tissue, which may be due to conditions like:
- Gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)
- Injury to the esophagus
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Congenital defects or after repair of defects of the esophagus
- Scleroderma
Esophageal dilation widens the esophagus. Some patients may need the procedure repeated within a year.
Possible Complications
Complications are rare. But no procedure is completely free of risk. If you are planning to have esophageal dilation, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:
- Bleeding (including coughing up blood or having bloody vomit)
- Poor reaction to the anesthesia or sedatives
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Infection
- Soreness and pain in the throat
- Nausea and vomiting
- Severe swelling in the middle part of the chest
- Inhalation of stomach contents
- Tear or hole in the esophageal lining (can lead to bleeding and the need for more surgery)
Some factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
Talk to your doctor about these risks before the procedure.
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
In the days leading up to the procedure:
- Arrange for a ride to and from the hospital. Also, ask someone to help you at home.
- If instructed by your doctor, avoid eating or drinking for six hours before the procedure.
Talk to your doctor about:
- Any allergies
- Whether you need antibiotics before the procedure
- Any medicines, herbs, and dietary supplements that you take—You may be asked to stop taking some medicines up to one week before the procedure.
In some cases, general anesthesia will be used. This will block any pain and keep you asleep during the procedure. A local anesthetic may also be used to numb the esophagus, and a sedative will be given to relax you.
Description of Procedure
An esophageal dilation will usually be done along with an endoscopy. During an endoscopy, the doctor will place a slim, flexible tube into the mouth and then into the esophagus. The tube has a tiny light and a camera attached. This will allow the doctor to view your esophagus on a monitor.
An imaging technique called fluoroscopy may also be used, especially when the dilator is being placed. With fluoroscopy, x-rays images of your esophagus will be sent to a monitor for viewing.
After observing the stricture, the doctor will decide which type of dilator to use to stretch the stricture. These tube-shaped devices are available in different sizes and styles. Depending on how severe your stricture is, the doctor may choose a plastic dilator or a balloon dilator .
For the plastic type, the doctor will use a scope to place a guide wire into the esophagus. This will allow the doctor to place the dilator in the correct spot. The scope will be taken out, and a tapered dilator will be placed through your mouth and throat to the site of the stricture. Depending on your condition, the doctor may need to do this process several times using wider dilators.
If a balloon device is used, it will also be inserted using a scope. Once the dilator is in the correct position, the doctor will inflate the balloon to a certain size to widen the stricture.
Immediately After Procedure
About 15 minutes, but timing will depend on the size of the stricture
In most cases, you will not have any pain or discomfort during the procedure. In the days that follow, you will have a sore throat.
Post-procedure Care
You will be monitored in the recovery room. The hospital staff will check to make sure your gag reflex is working normally. The gag reflex is your body's natural reaction when something too large enters the back of the throat. It is your body's way to protect you from choking.
Do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
Take special precautions during the first 24 hours:
- Rest when you get home.
- Slowly return to your normal diet. Begin with clear fluids and then eat soft foods that are not too hot.
- Do not drink alcohol.
- Do not drive or operate any machinery. You will be able to return to your normal activities the next day.
- If you have been diagnosed with GERD, take acid-suppressing medicines as prescribed.
- Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions.
Call Your Doctor
After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Coughing up blood or vomiting blood (Right after the procedure, you may cough up a small amount of blood.)
- Pain in the esophagus
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Nausea or vomiting
- Chest pain
In case of an emergency, call for medical help right away..


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Let's work together in this endeavor! This Project is about remembering our dead and preserving our history!!! To register a cemetery, just send me a message telling me the name of the cemetery, the county and state where the cemetery is located and the names of the people who will be doing the transcribing. If you have already transcribed cemetery data and would like for your work to become part of this project, just let me know. Please use "Cemetery Registration" as the subject line of your message or visit the Instructions page. |
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Acebutolol is used to treat high blood pressure and certain forms of heart arrhythmia , and is in a family of drugs known as beta-adrenergic blockers.
In a study of healthy volunteers, drinking 200 ml of grapefruit juice at the same time as taking acebutolol caused a small decrease in blood levels of the drug by interfering with its absorption.1 Although the researchers who performed this study felt that the effect was unlikely to be clinically significant in most cases, it would seem prudent not to take grapefruit juice at the same time as acebutolol.
As pleurisy root and other plants in the Aesclepius genus contain cardiac glycosides, it is best to avoid use of pleurisy root with heart medications such as beta-blockers.2
Some beta-adrenergic blockers (called "nonselective" beta blockers) decrease the uptake of potassium from the blood into the cells,3 leading to excess potassium in the blood, a potentially dangerous condition known as hyperkalemia.4 People taking beta-blockers should therefore avoid taking potassium supplements, or eating large quantities of fruit (for example, bananas), unless directed to do so by their doctor.
1. Lilja JJ, Raaska K, Neuvonen PJ. Effects of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol2005;60:659-63.
2. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1996, 213-4.
3. Rosa RM, Silva P, Young JB, et al. Adrenergic modulation of extrarenal potassium disposal. N Engl J Med 1980;302:431-4.
4. Lundborg P. The effect of adrenergic blockade on potassium concentrations in different conditions. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1983;672:121-6 [review].
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History: Ethnic DNA testing sheds light on who you are
Ethnic DNA testing is the newest craze for genealogy. Imagine being able find out if great grandma's story about being related to the president or a famous character in history is true.I recently had taken a DNA test through Ancestry.com. I thought it would solve some of my genealogy questions and mysteries or maybe find out I am related to someone famous.Some of the surnames in my family tree are: Henderson, Crumrine, Mosher, Steffee, Miller, Snow and Schoonover. Through years of research I have discovered most of my ancestors were from England and Germany.I have one big mystery in family I fear will never be solved. As the story goes when my grandfather was just a few days old, his parents gave him away to a nearby couple. Joseph and Margaret Henderson took him in and decided to keep him, become his parents by proxy. There was never any legal paper work, no signatures, and no names. Margaret decided to name him William McKinley, after the president at the time.Unfortunately, the DNA test did not yield much information on my grandfather, like I had mistakenly thought it would. But it was fun to see the results.Turns out that my ethnic DNA is 55 percent Great Britain - no surprise - and 18 percent is from Europe West. What did surprise me was that I am 19 percent Irish. I guess I never thought about it. I have always had a touch of red in my hair and my cousins have red hair and my son has a bit of red hair as well. Duh!It didn't tell me I was related to anyone famous. However, I thought it was fun and interesting so of course I wanted to see what Scott's results would be.Of course with surnames of Fiegen, Dietz, Gebhart he had to be German. Other names in his tree: Anderson, Cornelius, Goodale, Myers and Morgan.Once again I was surprised by the results. His ethnic DNA was 38 percent Great Britain, 22 percent Scandinavia, 17 percent Irish and 8 percent from Finland and Northwest Russia. I was flabbergasted; with all those German names he's not German?Then I read more about the Ancestry DNA tests. One would think you are 50 percent your mom, 50 percent your dad. That is not necessarily true. I was so focused on the name Fiegen I forgot about his maternal side, which is where the Irish and Scandinavian come from. You are you! Maybe 85 percent of your genes come from your father, where as your brother, he may only have 40 percent of your father's genes. It's not always 50/50.Ethnic DNA testing can be done through numerous companies and the prices may vary. It is a genealogical tool that has advanced and become more accessible over the years. It doesn't take long, a few weeks total.If you have the opportunity, I encourage you to search, discover and share your history! Find out who you are!
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Seventh Heaven
After a crash forced him to withdraw last year, Ken Block returned to the top of the podium in last weekend's 100 Acre Wood rally car race outside of Salem, Mo. Block has won seven of his past eight races at the 100 Acre Wood. Travis Pastrana, nursing a broken leg and a dislocated ankle, returned to rally for the first time in three years to take second place.


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*Support OS ScanGear : Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7/8/8.1
This unified driver contains UFR II V20.31 printer driver, Fax V8.31 sending driver, ScanGear V11.3 USB scan driver. *Precaution When Using a USB Connection Disconnect the USB cable that connects the device and computer before installing the driver. Connect the USB cable after installing the driver. Driver and application software files have been compressed. The following instructions show you how to download the compressed files and decompress them. 1. To download files, click [I Agree-Begin Download] icon, select [Save], and specify the directory where you want to save the file. Click [Save] to start the file download. 2. Downloaded files are saved in the specified folder in a self-extracting format (.exe format). 3. Double-click the files to decompress them. A new folder will be created in the same folder. The new folder will have the same name as the compressed file. 4. Double-click the decompressed Setup.exe file to start installation.


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Revision as of 14:51, May 28, 2012 by 18.104.22.168 (Talk)
10,179pages on
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Orre is a region that is the setting of Pokémon Colosseum and Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness. The region is mostly comprised of desert; the crime organizations Cipher and Team Snagem operate there. There are several shadow versions of Legendary Pokémon in this region, including Entei, Suicune, Raikou, Articuno, Zapdos, Moltres, and Lugia. Ho-oh also make an appearance.
- Phenac City
- Pyrite Town
- The Under
- Agate Village
- Shadow Pokémon Lab
- Realgam Tower
- Team Snagem's Base
- Mt. Battle
- Pokémon Lab HQ
- Kaminko's House
- Gateon Port
- Cipher Key Lair
- Citadark Isle
- Orre Colosseum
- Phenac Colosseum
- Under Colosseum
- Deep Colosseum
- Agate Colosseum
This article is a stub. Please help the Pokémon Wiki by expanding it. |


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Top Definition
butt-hole examiner for men tend to enjoy putting their entire hand 3 feet inside their patients anus and its definitely not a prostate exam
don't worry I'm a gynaecologist
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16 Noyabr 2013
1 more definition
Best job in the whole world that involves using a speculum to hold a vagina open and see how it is. This also involves sticking your fingers up there. Also you work in an oriface
I went to the Gynaecologist today and it felt wonderful. I had six orgies.
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#2 3/8" Long-Neck Self-Piercing Grommets (500/Pk)
Product Description
Grommet Size Chart Quality Grommets: All grommets from Binding101 are made of solid brass. Some companies sell steel grommets with a brass finish and call them "brass grommets". But the steel can rust or corrode, ruining your project. To determine if your current grommets are brass or steel, use the magnet test; Binding101 top-quality solid brass grommets will never stick to a magnet. |
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Compatible Die | #2 3/8" Self-Piercing Die |
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With over 100 years of experience creating high quality faucets and accessories that deliver exceptional value, style and innovation, Pfister is a trusted name and a leader in the plumbing industry. It's the experience that matters. Yours and ours.
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21st Century Buddhism, The IDP Podcast, features weekly lectures and discussions IDP Teachers, Interviews with well known authors and personalities and artful explorations of Buddhist teachings in the form of sound collages, and spoken word pieces.
Recent Guest Lectures have included: 12 Step Buddhist's Darren Littlejohn, Sharon Salzberg, Brad Warner, Acharya Arawana Hayashi, David Nichtern, Author Susan Piver, Roshi O'Hara, Acharya Eric Spiegel, Author Sera Beak, Sustainability Expert Jane Poynter, Eco-Journalist Simran Sethi, Filmmaker John Ankele, Author Daniel Goleman, 2012 Author Daniel Pinchbeck, What Would Jesus Buy's Reverend Billy, Purna Steinitz, Dr. Miles Neale, Elizabeth Reid, Chas DiCapua, Gina Sharpe, Robert Chender, David Loy, Colin Beavan a.k.a. "No Impact Man", Kyabgon Phakchok Rinpoche, Author Dr. Jonathan Kaplan, Acharya Adam Lobel, Acharya Judith Simmer-Brown, Acharya Fleet Maull, Michael Stone, Hozan Alan Senauke, Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche and Lodro Rinzler
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