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Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
Annual to shrub or small tree, or non-green root parasite, often bristly or sharp-hairy. Stem: prostrate to erect. Leaf: basal and/or cauline, generally simple, generally alternate. Inflorescence: generally cymes, or panicle-, raceme-, head-, or spike-like, generally coiled in flower (often described as scorpioid), generally elongating in fruit, or flowers 1–2 per axil. Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals (4)5(10), fused at least at base, or free; corolla (4)5(10)-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, generally without scales at tube base, with 0 or 5 appendages at tube top, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary generally superior, entire to 4-lobed, style 1(2), entire or 2-lobed or -branched. Fruit: valvate or circumscissile capsule or nutlets 1–4, free (fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not.
± 120 genera, ± 2300 species: tropics, temperate, especially western North America, Mediterranean; some cultivated (Borago, Heliotropium, Echium, Myosotis, Nemophila, Phacelia, Symphytum, Wigandia). Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. [Olmstead et al. 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae. Wigandia urens added, as naturalized. —Scientific Editors: Ronald B. Kelley, Robert Patterson, Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin, David J. Keil.
Annual (perennial herb), generally strigose to spreading-hairy; fibrous- to taprooted, staining red dye present or not. Stem: branched at base or above, < 5 dm. Leaf: cauline or basal and cauline, 0.5–10 cm, generally smaller tipward, linear to oblanceolate. Inflorescence: raceme- or spike-like cymes, coiled in bud, generally elongate in fruit; bracts 0–many. Flower: calyx lobes fused below middle, 2–10 mm in fruit; corolla rotate to funnel-shaped or cylindric, white or white with yellow area, tube generally ± yellow inside, limb 1–12 mm diam, appendages prominent to minute, white to yellow. Fruit: nutlets generally 4, ± ovate (triangular to ± lanceolate), rarely on narrow stalk or short peg, variously roughened, abaxially generally with central ridge, lateral ridges, cross-ribs, generally tubercled, occasionally prickly or bristly; adaxially keeled above attachment scar, scar on side generally near middle to base, sometimes on bottom or oblique (on angle between side and bottom), generally raised.Key to Plagiobothrys
± 65 species: temperate western North America, western South America, northeastern Asia, Australia. (Greek: sideways pit, from position of nutlet attachment scar) Nutlet characters in key generally best for 3 nutlets farthest from stem; yellow on corolla changes to white after pollination.
Unabridged references: [Horn 2000 Ph.D. Dissertation Univ Munich; Johnston 1932 Contr Arnold Arboretum 3:1–102]
Unabridged note: Fully mature nutlets needed for identification; in many species nutlet closest to stem often more firmly attached, larger, differently textured, and with completely different attachment scar than other 3; nutlet characters used in key focus on 3 more loosely attached nutlets. Intergradation common in some species groups; reticulate speciation in genus; sect. Allocarya often treated as separate genus; many species need study. Corolla size can diminish markedly during flower period. Yellow corolla appendages and, if present, contrasting yellow corolla centers, change to white after successful pollination.
Annual, hairs ± spreading, fine or coarse. Stem: prostrate to erect, generally 0.2–4 dm. Leaf: cauline, lower generally opposite, 1–4 cm, upper alternate. Inflorescence: generally elongate, bracts at least below; pedicel to 1.5 mm. Flower: calyx ± 3 mm; corolla limb 1–8 mm diam, appendages generally inconspicuous, ± white. Fruit: nutlet 1–2 mm, ovate; abaxial ridge, lateral ridges, cross-ribs sharp; scar near middle, at tip of ± 0.5 mm, narrow, angled stalk. [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Typical var. in Chile. Like many of the chaparral- and scrub-associated Plagiobothrys species, often appears after fires. Plagiobothrys collinus var. californicus, Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens, Plagiobothrys collinus var. gracilis ± intergrade.
Plant not cespitose. Stem: ± prostrate, 1–3 dm, hairs generally coarse. Leaf: 1–4 cm, 2–2.5 mm wide, linear. Inflorescence: elongate, exceeding leaves. Flower: corolla limb 1.5–2 mm diam. Fruit: nutlet 1–1.5 mm.
Dry places, ± clay openings in coastal scrub, occasionally chaparral; 5–640 m. South Coast (Riverside, San Diego cos.), Channel Islands, sw Peninsular Ranges (w San Diego Co.). Jan–May [Online Interchange]
Previous taxon: Plagiobothrys collinus var. fulvescens
Next taxon: Plagiobothrys collinus var. ursinus
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2013. Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html, accessed on May 6 2015
Citation for this treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] 2013. Plagiobothrys, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=63890, accessed on May 6 2015
Copyright © 2014 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
Geographic subdivisions indicated for the distribution of Plagiobothrys collinus var. gracilis | Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
View elevation by latitude chart |
Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
View all CCH records
CCH collections by month |


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Phil Lynott statue unveiled
A huge crowd was present this evening (Friday August 19) as Philip Lynott's mother, Philomena, unveiled a life-size bronze statue of the Thin Lizzy legend in Dublin's Harry Street.
The Hot Press Newsdesk, 19 Aug 2005
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He was one of Ireland's first rock icons. Now Phil Lynott's native Dublin is finally paying official tribute to his legacy.
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With Thin Lizzy now officially a thing of the past, Philip Lynott is preparing to start anew with Grand Slam. At this transitional point in his public career Tony Clayton-Lea sought out the private Lynott to ask him his views on a wide range of issues including music, politics, religion, sex, drugs, Ireland, parenthood and rock'n'roll stardom. The result is probably the frankest and most revealing interview Philip Lynott has ever given.
04 May 1984 - Interview
Reviewing this album is not the easiest of tasks. It's an advance white label copy for a start, which means only the barest of sleeve information is made available, and given that the record witnesses Lynott once again broadening the spectrum of his lyrical concerns to include some what complex pronouncements on the State of the world, a lyric sheet would have been particularly helpful.
23 Jul 1982 - REVIEW
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Lobster Claw Clasp: As a traditional clasp style found in bracelets and necklaces, the lobster claw is generally reserved for heavier styles that may need added strength. The closure's shape is more oblong, similar to a teardrop shape, and is controlled by a tip that opens and closes the spring in the clasp. This type is also considered a more expensive finding that can add to the overall value of the jewelry piece.
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First discovered in Madagascar in 1911, morganite was named after the American banker and gem enthusiast, John Pierpont Morgan. Legend says that he went down with the Titanic, but Morgan actually missed the doomed maiden voyage and died the following year in Rome, just shy of his 76th birthday. While morganite can be found in Mozambique, Namibia, Afghanistan, Russia and the United States, the finest morganites come from Madagascar and Brazil. In fact, the largest faceted morganite came from Madagascar. It is a 598.70ct cushion-shaped stone residing in the British Museum.
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In his classic Guitar World column, Steve Vai teaches you ear training.
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Nita Strauss and Courtney Cox show you how they play Iron Maiden's "The Trooper."
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I feel as though the studies published in NEJM this week (http://caloriesproper.com/?p=2272) should at least partially exonerate Mayor Bloomberg. (he gets full exoneration if the ban actually reduces soda consumption.)
Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
I feel as though the studies published in NEJM this week (http://caloriesproper.com/?p=2272) should at least partially exonerate Mayor Bloomberg. (he gets full exoneration if the ban actually reduces soda consumption.)
minor issues about tobbaco still generate a lot of noise, the uk is considering australias oleve packaging of tobbaco and ciggarettes hidden. Although these could have some benefit in respect of tobbaco use whether large or as some predict small. There is a certian irony that here in the uk as we just had our olypimcs where the choosen sponser was drinks manufature of which people underestimate the ill health effects. That the government worry about even branding on packaging of products that public overesimate the dangers of.
I am not saying that the sponers were wrong just that complete insconsisanty. For irony sake for health purposes it may have made more sense for ppilip morris to sponer the olympics for malboro cigarettes as people overly aware that not a healthy product.
personally i am not saying that cigarettes soft drinks fast food or fast cars should or should not be allowed to adertise. What is interesting is the insoncisnacies and how it seem more a policy seems more a product of fashions than anything particular sensible.
A lot of products advierised may not benefit the consumer from tobbaco alchol fast food etc to consuumer durable to finical products. In the uk there is a company called brighhouse that sells products with subprime type interest rates. I wonder how many of there consumers really benefit and how much if through lack or knowlege of the rates. If go down path of proecting consumer through no advertisment of profucts we apply this princple where does it go can anything be advertised if taken to the ridclous.
As much as blomburg does invade libarties, invading libarties has created new normally new equlibriums in repesct of tobacco. There can be benefits to inavaide libarties as has happened from things in a wide suffer of things from gender equality (some thing market should have corrected and has made women less empoyble) to affermitive action where some people think (american uni quotas were a voilation of libarties) greating new equpliberium that is self susuitaing and the short term libarity invasion has gone. Although i am mixing 2 differnt things there the tobbaco was more about a new normal the techinical libarty inasion would also exists with geneder would not as the new normal would be self sustiuaning to enhance open compition in the long run. Not been allowed to smoke outside when not harming other may always be an invasion of libarties irrespective of social views. Although may be senible at some time in the future in some people view libarty invasion or not. I would suspect that in 20 years time people will regard blomburg as a progress. Like tobbaco there will be many many people to sell to even if westmarket starts to decrease. Although of course the current tobacco packaging change to green may have little impact on western sales but may be damanging to growing market if china decided to copy etc. Which could mean the countires having a net decline income through such measures as the quitters are abroard if course quitter are really cheaper with growing life expectancy etc. Of course if conerned with saving life rather than a buiness cost benefit than a life saved abroad even it at a loss may be considered better etc.
It is interesting seeing what blomburg is doing. I am not conivinced about fat taxes as it is can end up with arbitary distortions where more unhealthy thing replace things that are healthy in moderation.
It is also seem a bit of a poor tax in that it disprotitely effects poor as perfectage of income. Have to admit think social pratical issues. It could also end up with a soviet type targets that have irratioal effect. Based more of fads that scinece. because of changing view on nution and science polical lag, also poltical momentum issues and inierate that means bad things that end up causing distortions in the wrong direction take years to fix. That ends up an efficent suboptimal mess.
however drinks sizes in a US context make sense it does not seem like regressive poor tax or something that could cause soviet style disortions such as fat taxes. Although probely would not so much in the uk where drinks sizes are typically smaller.
blomburgh maay turn out to have been ahead of the curve. With diabetes predicated to be the next big killer. I dont know if overall correct or not in respect to libarties and personal choice.
People use to consider similar agruments with tobbaco. Tobbaco is now widely accepted to be bad for health. There is many tobbaco control measures that could be considered a breach of ones civil libertise not being allowed to smoke in time square for example, or other non blomburgh outdoors ban such as some parks in united kingdom.
Passive smoking linked to health issues, is taken very seriously as it infridges in the rights others. The WTO anounced recently that they consider deisel engine smoke to be comparable to passive smoking in respect to health.
Someone has more choice to walk in to a smoking bar more to choice to choose employment in a smoking bar. Than one has to walk in the street. Here in the uk diesel cars are actually premoted by the tax system as EU targets carban rather than death caused by local pollution such as some US states. In the uk you have quite bizzaar london congestion charge that has the effect of discounting more pollution cars, as the cars that have the low carbon tend to be deisels vechciles. Where as the london local polltion to carbon tax may make sense in in the scottish highlands where the health issues by car use may be a predominately a global issues. In london health issues may be local pollution rather than the effect of global pollution as the predoinant issue. As the global carbon problery ration would be the same no matter where drove a car the local polltion issue in low deslily populated areas is less. Thereforce a highcarbon to pollution ratio may make sense in london where as in a low desity area carbon.
Bloomburgh has good intention and although poltically the cola size may not be demorcracey in action with said conflicts it may be beneficail in the longer run. In the same way as some of the tobbaco controls are an enasion the of liberty. The freedom to smoke where it posses no harm on others. the normalising aspect though of seeming smokers smoke could influence others to consider smoking.
In a tradional approach to this would be to say it is there choice if the choose to do this. This model fits better in context of state government democracy civil libarties. But in practial manner its problery not correct to discount this as personal choice. As personal choice all acting as free agents etc rather than having our behaviour influenced by external factors. If we are all free rational agents they would non informative adertsing have any effect.
I like to smoke i like to drink coka cola in the size i chose.
However in the same way as some smoking restictions have being an inavison of civil libarties in much of europe and the usa. With execptions of counrties like germany where people can choose to go a smoking bar. With the inrony of the uk where only people that can smoke in an enclosed public space are those held against there will. So can be forced in a smoke environment, where a smoker can not choose to open a smoking pub for people to choose to attend The standards for tobbaco have not been applied to other things that as diesel vechicles.
Smoking has been strongly suspected to be very damanging to health for 60 years. It took 40 years before social attitude changed. Even at 34 when in my early 20s it was unsual to have non smoking room in a hotel very unsual for a bar and usual for a restrant. I often used to smoke on the bus even though it had been banned for over 5 years many people did. Now no one smokes on the bus is social unacceptable. Rather than as seem before a pediatanic rule.
Although there was some new health claims passive smoking in particular in the 1990s , to worry so much about externalities than in the later agruments were more to do with places people choose to go rather than most work places. Although a bar is also a work place in netherlands the only place where smoking ban was partially lifted that know of a bar owner if has no staff has a smoking bar.
In the uk and most of europe the arguments used have some weakness. Also inconsitancy with other things.
However this is to be expected as to an extent the politics and the law follow fashion to an extent. Smoking tiping point occured and presumption against may be.
Fizzy drinks which people not familary american consumption may not fully understand the issues. Even in the uk where people drink fizzy drinks it is seems as treat or something different rather than the default thing to drink if thirsty as happens some american households.
Fizzy drinks and sugar health implications may be largely unknow or underestimated by the public the way may be tobbaco was. I dont know as before my time. As the link on someone else post says the public now overesimate the harmfullness of tobbaco. Minor tobboco issues stil
Dear Editor, this sentence makes my eyes bleed:
Among their most lucid criticisms, the ban infringed on individual liberty and would be ineffective anyway—it would not apply to grocery stores, for example.
Even just a colon instead of that first comma would make the thing infinitely more readable. But using full and proper sentences (and consistent punctuation) is usually the best solution to such fragments. Colons and commas are poor substitutes for verbs.
16oz is nearly half a litre! How big were the cans before?
Cans were traditionally 12oz. The plastic bottles increased to 16oz, then to 20oz, and now you can get 1 liter bottles in addition to the 2 liter size. Sizes are tailored to meet every potential demand.
I might also point out that "nearly half a liter!" is not really much of a criticism or a surprise. I recall being in London and ordering beer by the pint... which (surprise, surprise) is NEARLY HALF A LITER! (shock and horror). In fact, alcohol is just as caloric as a sugary soda, and I don't see Bloomberg rushing about to restrict the size of pints in the local bars -- probably because he realizes that the masses might actually riot in the streets of NY if he tried.
A pint is ~0.57 litres, so it's MORE THAN HALF A LITRE!
Much beer is now sold in bottles (often 500 mL or 330 mL), although it does taste much better draft.
Are we talking oz or floz here? I've never really understood imperial measurements.
On the subject of the story. I feel that reducing (although not necessarily restricting) individuals' consumption of highly calorific and unhealthy drinks is a laudable aim. Encouraging alternatives (as Mayor Bloomberg has done with motor vehicle use) may have gone down better with the populous.
Geroff ma Bigulp! Geroff, Geroff, Geroff!
Many have suggested that consumers can decide for themselves what they want to buy, without government imposed restrictions.
But, what if consumers were *not* able to make rational decisions? There is good evidence that soda pop can be addictive, so consumers are chemically-driven to keep drinking.
What if Michael Bloomberg is unable to make rational decisions. If people can't make rational decisions, they have no business telling other people what to decide.
I think that I should get to decide what soda I get, and Michael Bloomberg should get to decide what soda Michael Bloomberg gets. See how this works.
Alcohol can be addictive, and it is just as calorically dense as a sugary soda. Shall we start restricting the size of pints and 40s, or prevent customers from buying 750ml bottles? You can restrict the number and sizes of drinks in bars, but has that reduced the overall consumption of alcohol? The short answer is "no" -- you could make beer bottles all 6oz, and all that would result is that people would by twice as many to get the quantity they normally consume.
A very good point. The answer is education and surreptitious increases in taxes. This seems to have worked for tobacco, so how about putting pictures of obese people on the warning label, preferably in bathing suits.
The ban is not effective because it does not apply to convenient stores. 7-11 and its Big Gulp/Super Gulp/Double Gulp beverages are really the root of all evil here. How can someone drink those? The container is the size of my torso!
As far as I understand it, this ban cannot apply to grocery & convenience stores because they fall under the jurisdiction of the NY State Department of Agriculture & Markets.
This ban falls within the NY City Health Department's purview because they have the responsibility of regulating and inspecting the city's restaurants and concession stands.
They have the ability to tell restaurants what can and cannot be served, they cannot tell stores what they can or cannot sell.
I'm less and less amused by the way people object to one government imposed restriction while supporting others.
I have no problem with regulating some things but not others but if you have a problem with that you should stop advocating government imposed restrictions on economic activity. Something tells me you're okay with those restrictions though.
From the Times: "Convenience stores, including 7-Eleven and its king-size "Big Gulp" drinks, would be exempt, along with vending machines"
Those are some pretty big holes. A good part of the burden of this might fall on waitresses that must constantly refill small cups.
I'm glad you wrote about this. Assuming it would actually work, my objection to the soda ban has always been that it's being done by edict. As a relative social authoritarian, I think communities should be allowed to regulate for the common good so long as it doesn't infringe on basic human rights. I don't believe selling large sugary sodas is a basic human right and, assuming it works, it would promote the common good if not for the fact that most people don't think it is.
I found this to be a mighty good argument - http://thelastpsychiatrist.com/2012/09/the_nanny_state_didnt_show_up.html (it's a long post, the part addressing the soda ban is at the end)
It gets worse -- Mayor Bloomberg to ban cannibals in New York City from eating anyone over 5-foot-4 -- http://placeitonluckydan.com/2012/07/mayor-bloomberg-ban-cannibals-nyc-e...
It gets worse -- Mayor Bloomberg to ban cannibals in New York City from eating anyone over 5-foot-4 -- http://placeitonluckydan.com/2012/07/mayor-bloomberg-ban-cannibals-nyc-e...
Completely untrue! Bloomberg himself is only 4'8" (he wears heels).
The cannibals will be forced to stick to dwarfs and children.
'...the main culprits are sugary drinks.'
This is amazing - as one who will have a sugary drink once a week maybe I find it hard to imagine the lifestyle. Beer sounds more believable (also quite calorific).
FTR we also avoid the rather sickly sweet 'juices' for dilution - actual fruit juice diluted 4:1 with fizzy water is nicer (& less calorific).
This is great and fits entirely into the nudge theory. No one can claim liberty is infringed as they can simply buy two of the largest available size. They wont however because people will realise they wont need it and the ban will be a sucess.
Ah, and it wouldn't be an infringement on anyone's rights if the goverment limited your ability to post here to one sentence at a time, right?
A tax on calories, or grams of sugar, would be more of a nudge than an outright ban.
Right to sell health-hazardous materials =/= right to free speech.
"To state the obvious: a BAN is not a NUDGE. The opposite in fact. So don't blame Bloomberg's ban on large soda cups on us." - Richard Thaler, co-author of Nudge
It is a nudge because people are still free to consume as much soda as they like, they are nudged into not doing so.
I dont blame Mr Thaler making that statement though as he doesnt want to deal with the consequences of this nudge.
If the result was a general increase in health then I would accept a character limit to my TE posts. Thanks.
Entirely too creepy and nannyish for my tastes. When I was a student I would drink two 64oz cokes in the morning lectures. This kept me interested. When I didn't need that any more, I stopped. I think I know better what risks to take than the mayor.
This is self-evidently not the case.
Nothing here regulates what you drink yourself. The measure only regulates what certain kinds of businesses can sell.
How far down the hall was the lavatory?!
That's what Orwell said.
There are many food outlets in NYC where you currently cannot purchase a drink in a portion less than 20 oz. Drinks at the cinemas begin at 28oz. This regulation will actually make it easier for New Yorkers to enjoy a night out without unconsciously ingesting hundreds of calories. As for Orwellian, I suggest you take a stroll through Times Square and tell me who is on the massive screens telling you what to eat and drink. I think doctors have at least as much right to tell us what to drink as Big Soda.
The "freedom" to consume stuff that makes you unhealthy -
Has crashed head-on into America's financial ability to fix you when you make yourself sick.
Kudos to Mr. Bloomberg for coming to the aid of those who pay the bills.
The majority of Americans are obese- so really, they are paying their own bills. Besides, with the decreased life expectancy brought about by unhealthy habits, the cost evens out in saved money on social security and medicare that they still pay into while they are alive and working.
Can we please stop with the argument that we have a right to infringe on other people's possibly unhealthy choices for themselves because 'we' supposedly have to pay for them?
About 40% of Americans are obese, which is not a majority.
They are also more likely to poor, have poor eating habits, and/or be economically unproductive. Which you feel lousy, productivity falls.
In turn, a very large percentage of US healthcare is devoted to care for the obese, given their propensity to develop diabetes, high blood pressure, heart ailments, and other health issues.
So, the healthy are paying for the sins of the unhealthy.
If you disagree, ask your favorite doctor. He/she will fill you in.
ERUJ26sqba is right. Obesity hurts NY's finances because NY has to pay for Medicaid but it helps the federal budget because the federal government has to pay for Social Security and Medicare.
The economic argument has to die.
Besides common sense? Here's an article: http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2010/10/pfor1-1010.html
You can look up the studies cited within it.
Common sense says that you're more productive at 400 lbs., vs. 165 lbs.?
Mayor Bloomberg and I disagree with you, and I'll bet his billions against your bank account that he's at least as smart as you. :)
Anyway, thanks for the article. I'll check it out. :)
Sadly it's much more complicated than that. NYC and NYS must foot the Medicaid bills but it also loses money through productivity loss from both early death and disability. Arguably Medicaid is a more daunting expense because it will must cover the eligible sick until they age into Medicare. Since obesity affects poor communities the hardest, Medicaid is hit hard.
Trogon et al estimated the obesity-attributable fraction of costs by payer and found obesity accounts for 11.8% of Medicaid costs and 8.5% of Medicare costs. You can read it online here: http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v20/n1/full/oby2011169a.html
There is also the new scary reality that teenagers are now diagnosed with Type II diabetes. There is a high likelihood that these kids will need amputations before they are 30 and may be disabled for life. Diabetes lowers worker productivity and requires soaring medical costs for life.
By hey, your argument is much easier to roll out at dinner parties.
Common sense says that it's cheaper to die of a heart attack at 60 than cancer at 70 after spending the last 2 years of your life in a nursing home.
Bloomberg doesn't disagree with me. I haven't heard him say anything about it.
Common sense says that you're more productive at 400 lbs., vs. 165 lbs.?
Of course. There's more of you, so there's more of you to be productive with. If you notice, Americans have a higher productivity than Europeans, but probably roughly the same productivity per pound as Europeans. Coincidence? I think not.
Through a simple demonstration of the scientific method we can see that American greatness can be entirely explained by our heftiness. Unfortunately, we are at risk of falling behind China in biomass, a threat which Bloomberg seems to treat with surprising nonchalance.
Obesity will cost increasingly more even for Medicare as treatment turns it into a lifelong chronic illness rather than a death sentence.
The cost figures by themselves aren't very useful. If not death by obesity, they'll die from cancer or other more expensive illness not to mention the health care in the meantime. The link I provided points to a study in Denmark which found that healthy people cost more than obese people.
But hey, your argument is much easier to roll out at dinner parties.
Bloomberg agrees with you so much that he's trying to limit NYC's consumption of trans fats, and big sugary drinks.
I must admit that an NFL offensive lineman is most assuredly more likely to be productive at 400 lbs., vs. 165 lbs.
However, as a ballerina? Perhaps not. :)
Bloomberg doesn't have to pay for Medicare or Social Security.
It comes out of his paycheck just like everybody else, Bunky.
My apologies for the snark, it was rude and undeserved.
The Dutch mathematical model is interesting, but rests on too many untested assumptions to be considered reliable. The authors estimate lifetime medical costs based on hypothetical cohorts of obese, 'healthy' people and smokers. Individuals in each cohort are assigned a health trajectory based on risk factor prevalences at age 22 and a list of average medical costs per disease. This method assumes risk-factors are independent (they most assuredly are not) and does not evaluate the changing use and intensity of health care dollars throughout an individual's life. Nor do they account for how a normal population might move between cohorts or the timing of disease onset.
But the biggest problem is that they completely ignore the revenue side of this argument. Tax are paid for by working people. Illness and early death keep otherwise productive tax payers out of the workforce.
In short, the Dutch model is too reductive to be of use in policy circles. But it is a fun read and I would like to see it reworked using claims data from a large cohort of individuals.
Oh geez. Bloomberg wants to reduce costs. He doesn't care about the health care costs for seniors because the federal government takes care of that. Reducing obesity saves the city money and increases costs for the federal government. Did I really have to spell that out for you?
RR, now you're just trollin'. :)
Who says a ballerina can't be 400lbs. Do what you feel, sista. I remind, Faed, THIS IS AMERICA! RR, is not trolling: I am trolling. :P
I continue to believe that all arguments can be settled by saying "THIS IS AMERICA!". Who ever says it the loudest wins. This is because this is America.
Alas, I stand corrected -
Well, it's definitely true that anyone can understand English, as long as you speak it slowly, and loud enough -
The Great Meritocracy has become the Great Volumocracy.
Thoughts and opinions on America's kinetic brand of politics. The blog is named after Alexis de Tocqueville's study of American politics and society
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The Casas Family reunited in trios action for the first time in many, many years! Brothers Felino, Heavy Metal & Negro Casas team up! Plus the ever fan-tabulous Mistico tags with the good Doctor and Shocker against the evil Averno, Mephisto and Pierroth!


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What happens when you stand still for way too long in an online gaming match.
The n00b stood still zoomed in trying to get a headshot, and the seasoned veteran came over and enforced some major facial destruction. There was blood everywhere, I am still afraid to look.
po Hydrocat
Фабруар 4, 2009


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Update : Found a place nearby that Im getting my 17" by 17" 1/2" thick steel plate for $20 this afternoon.
Check the edges (4) before you leave. If they are sharp make them fix it before you leave.
Come on, Phil- you're making such beautiful pizzas, why do have to go and ruin them by going with whole wheat?
I'm wondering if next time I should use the oven's "Clean" setting to warm up the plate faster?? If anyone knows any tricks to getting the plate to warm up faster, I'd love to hear them.


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We offer complimentary, 24-hour shuttle service to and from JFK Airport
Take the AirTrain at JFK to the local subway into Manhattan and see historical landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty, Times Square and many popular sites.
Visit Belmont Stakes & the Aqueduct for Horse Racing, Mets Citi Field, Yankee Stadium to watch a baseball game, Arthur Ashe Tennis View More
Visit Belmont Stakes & the Aqueduct for Horse Racing, Mets Citi Field, Yankee Stadium to watch a baseball game, Arthur Ashe Tennis Stadium to watch the US Open Tennis Tournament, or engage in the NYC Marathon, 5 Borough Bike Tour, and many other activities.
Rather relax indoors? Holiday Inn Express JFK Airport offers 128-guest rooms with deluxe furniture, 32-inch flat screen televisions with 3 HBO channels, 2 ESPN channels, several news channels, Cartoon Network for the kids, and many other channels to watch your favorite program.
Jump start your morning with our free "Express Start" hot breakfast or take our breakfast with you in our 'To-Go' bag. Don't forget to take advantage of our 24 hour business center with 2 computers and a printer, or log onto to our free high-speed wireless Internet network from anywhere in the hotel.


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FAQs about Label Printers
It can be useful to print your own receipts and labels at home if you have your own business or want to use labeling to organize your home. Label printers and makers are available for a number of different applications. Here are the answers to some frequently asked questions that may help you decide how to use label printers in your own home.


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- Cutting board measures approximately 15" x 10" x .75"
- Full-tang cheese knife stored in the base
- Glass plate measures approximately 8.5" x 11"
- Imported
- Officially licensed
- Over 96 square inches of cutting surface
- Solid rubberwood base construction with bamboo accents
- Team colors and graphics
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are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Agrafe double motif necklace
White gold, diamonds, pearls
White gold, diamonds, pearls
Cartier has borrowed the central motif of this jewelry collection from the world of Haute Couture. Inspired by the clasps of the corsets that defined the Parisian silhouette, "Agrafe" exudes elegance and refinement.
18K white gold double-motif necklace paved with diamonds, freshwater pearls.
Length: 42 cm.
Our ambassadors are available to answer any questions or assist in making a boutique appointment.
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Home » Party Favors » Scratch Art® Rainbow Pack
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5+ years
Item # : 5801
Price: $4.99
Use the wooden stylus to draw and trace on the smooth black surface--and see a rainbow of colors bring your design to life! This activity set includes four black-coated multicolor boards, a stencil sheet with 30 cutouts and a wooden stylus. SMRB
Dimensions: 10"L x 6.5"W Packaged
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