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subset: commoncrawl


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How to Use a Blender as a Juicer
Making smoothies and milkshakes is easy with the right blender to mix everything together into a smooth consistency. A juicer, on the other hand, separates juice from fruit and vegetables by squeezing it. If you want the pure vegetable or fruit juice of a vegetable or fruit, you will probably need to buy a juicer, such as an orange juicer, rather than a kitchen blender. For thicker smoothies and drinks that still contain fruit pulp, however, blenders will work well. Read on for tips on using your food blender as a juicer for a variety of fruits.


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Darko Saric is a composer/producer with a BA in Music Composition from the National Conservatory of Lima, Peru, where he also studied Sound Design and Music for Film and TV. Darko began his career in Lima working with Peru's top bands and solo artists. While there he began to compose music for independent films, corporate videos and advertising.
Now residing in New York City, Darko is composing music that has been featured on network and cable


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Tag: Voices
"JUSTICE" is Served- REV THEORY's Julien Jorgensen
by admin on Jan.29, 2011, under interviews, news
Have you ever been entranced by a band at first listen? Knowing that, even though you can't pinpoint it, there's something special about that band? Revelation Theory, as they were known then, first took our ears by storm back in 2005 with the hit single "Slowburn". I remember being taken back by the soaring vocals of Rich Luzzi, backed by the harmonies of Matty McCloskey, and the heavy riffs of Julien Jorgensen, and having just that feeling. Turns out I have good instincts. Since then, they've added more fuel to that "Slowburn" with the addition of killer axe man Rikki Lixx, an abbreviated name, and a sophomore album that produced four hit singles. Six years later, as Rev Theory prepares to release their third major label effort entitled "Justice", I had a chance to chat with guitarist Julien Jorgensen about everything from producers to presidents. Keep reading, but be careful… my theory is that this "Slowburn" is about to become an inferno!
AWAY-TEAM: First off I wanna congratulate you on the upcoming tour, and the release of your new album "Justice", which hits stores Feb. 15th. It's an amazing piece of work.
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Thanks bro!
AWAY-TEAM: Your last album "Light It Up" was a tremendous success. This time around you've enlisted the services of super-producer Terry Date. Aside from his stellar resume, what made you pick a guy like Terry?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Umm, I think it was just obviously, like you said, we're such big fans of all the records he's done, and the bands he's worked with. And ya know, I talked to my A & R guy in Kansas City, we were playing Rockfest in 2008 I think it was, we were in the middle of the cycle for "Light It Up", and… I'm sorry 2009, and he had said to me "Man, to capture the sound and energy of you guys live…", which is what we wanted to do, "I think Terry Date would be perfect". I looked at him and was like "Absolutely". So he reached out to Terry, and Terry was interested, and we felt like it was just the right fit. Definitely the right guy for the music, and the record we were making.
AWAY-TEAM: Was there a certain quality that you feel like Terry was able to bring out in you this time around? I mean, what was the recording process like?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Terry is great at capturing the true essence of the band. And ya know, he's really great at capturing the character of a band. I think that's why his records stand the test of time. Recording with him was awesome, he pushed us to… basically we recorded the bass and the drums live off the floor. The record was really raw, and it was a really good experience. We didn't take any shortcuts, we really dug into the parts, and he was just a wealth of knowledge. So the whole process was awesome, from stories from what he had done before, to all the little tricks he had up his sleeve, the whole thing was just a treat man. It was a good time.
AWAY-TEAM: On first listen, the title track "Justice" gives you the impression that the song was written for a certain someone in Washington, D.C. The video for the song even further supports that belief. Is that a correct assumption to make?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Well, I think ya know, we had written the song a while back with some good friends of ours… our intention was kind of a bit political, we were a little bit upset about what was going on in the country at the time. We're really not a politically driven band, so we weren't really going to use the song, and it sort of brought itself back into the fold when we were writing this record. We just felt it was indicative of a lot of things we were going through. Ya know, socially, stuff that we were pissed off about in our own industry. Just a little frustration going on in the music industry in general. So we felt like it was the perfect song, it says a lot about our fight, what we've been through the last eight years as a band. It also encompasses the full body of the record as a whole, so we felt like it was the right song to use as the title track.
AWAY-TEAM: The song "Hollow Man" features your bassist, Matt McCloskey singing leads. How did that come to be?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: It was just… Matt had actually written that song when we were on tour, probably a year and a half ago. It was just one of those that came out in the back of the bus, and literally made it all the way through. And I think it made it because it was just a real honest song, and Matty had sung it originally and just kinda did it on the record as well. It was from him, and from his soul it sounded great with him singing.
AWAY-TEAM: So was this just a one shot deal? Or is this maybe the start of an Alice in Chains type thing where, as Jerry Cantrell would put it, you have two lead singers?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Well, I mean we've sort of felt that way for a long time, we just never had the right opportunity to showcase it. I think that this record we do alot of sort of, I mean obviously we've done alot of harmonies in the past, there's alot of counter-melodies and counter-vocals in there. We just try to feature Matty as much as possible, and we feel like this song is definitely the stepping stone…
AWAY-TEAM: With the last album, the WWE took notice. They actually made "Light It Up" the theme song for Wrestlemania 24. Then you went on even further to work with them, giving them "Hell Yeah" and "Voices", and you were even part of a WWE skit?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Yeah, we did a couple of skits with them backstage. It was actually pretty funny, we're big fans of Festus and Biscuits and Gravy…Jesse & Festus, they're funny, they're characters. So we actually got to do some skits with them backstage. It was fun.
AWAY-TEAM: Cool! Now "Enemy Within" seems like a song that's tailor made for the WWE. What inspired that song? And are there any plans for the WWE to use any of the songs off of "Justice"?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: That song was written as a full collaboration with the whole band. I'm really proud of that song. It's just a sort of "Take the world over" song, and "take a look at yourself in the mirror", and all that type of thing. We felt like it was a bad-ass tune, I mean if you think it could be for the WWE that's cool. We wrote it kind of for ourselves, and it's fun to play live so we're excited to put that one in the set for sure.
AWAY-TEAM: As we speak, you guys are on the road making the 20 hour drive up to Denver. You guys have toured relentlessly, and with a new album to kick off 2011, there appears to be no end in sight. When you're out on the road like that, how do you escape and find solace, just to keep from going insane?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Well this one's a little.. we're on a radio tour right now, we're in a van and it's really close quarters. We're actually having a bit of fun with it, because we haven't done something like this in a while. We'd been fortunate to have a bus during the last touring cycle; we're all taking turns driving, and so we haven't had much time away from each other in the last two weeks. When we are on the road in the bus each of us have things we do during the day to kind of… we have our own tour regiments, ya know, some of us like to go to the gym and at least get a shower, and other guys just chill in the back, play video games, and watch movies. Ya know, write songs, nap… some guys nap a lot, ya know what I mean? (laughs)
AWAY-TEAM: (laughs)
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Everyone's got their own thing, and when it comes to like an hour and a half before gametime, before the show, we all start getting in the same mode. We have a pre-game warmup that we all rock out to, and we put a playlist together, and the cameraderie kicks in, and we take the stage together. So when it's like an hour out, we're ready to go.
AWAY-TEAM: What do you do to get amped up for a show like that? Is there a certain song or album you listen to?
JULIEN JORGNSEN: Yeah. We have a ton of go-to's. I mean, on the last record, the last cycle we had "Whiskey in the Morning" by Buckcherry, some newer stuff from Filter, we had some Avenged Sevenfold, some Pantera on there. Followed by some Jäger and some Monster Energy Drinks. We have the Matty Mayhem special cocktail, which consists of Monster Energy Drink, and the Monster shots (The Hitmen), and Jäger. So we usually pound a few of those before we go out there.
AWAY-TEAM: (laughs) Sounds like you'd have to pound them! Holy Shit!
JULIEN JORGENSEN: (laughing) It's a good time brother, it's a good time. Well back in the day we used to drink Jäger and Monster out of a bowl. Cuz we didn't have cups, ya know we drank them out of those cereal bowls.
AWAY-TEAM: (laughing) Lap it up!
JULIEN JORGENSEN: (laughs) We've graduated to shot cups that Jäger gave us.
AWAY-TEAM: (laughs) Despite the tremendous success of "Light It Up", ya know, aside from the wrestling fans and the true rock fans, to the casual fan Rev Theory is still a bit of an unknown for some reason which is a sin. Is that a role you're comfortable with? Or crave? Ya know, cuz some bands don't want the spotlight if it means sacrificing who they are. Or is that something you'd like to change?
JULIEN JORGENSEN: I mean, we wanna get our music out there to as many people as we can. Ya know I think that the last record was a great stepping stone for us. I think it got our music out to alot of people, and I think that we'll be able to kinda build on the success of that, and I think this record is that record to do it. I think it's a defining record for our band, and we're really proud of the whole record. We're really excited to present this, I think that if we can get it to the people's ears, they really gonna dig it. It's not that we love the spotlight, but we'd definitely love to grow the band, and grow the listenership because we feel like we have a really great record.
AWAY-TEAM: I agree. I think after this one you'll be drinking outta pint glasses. (laughs)
JULIEN JORGENSEN: (laughs) That is awesome. I hope so brother, I hope so.
AWAY-TEAM: Well hey man, thanks for your time. It's been a great pleasure. Best of luck with the new album and the tour, I know you're gonna do great. Look forward to seeing you when you make your way through Florida, and we'll do this again.
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Yeah man. Stay in touch. Come out to a show.
AWAY-TEAM: For sure. Thanks again Julien, talk to you soon.
JULIEN JORGENSEN: Be good. Thanks Jason. Bye.
Rev Theory's latest album "Justice" hits stores February 15th, and the Monster Energy Outbreak Tour featuring Rev Theory, Pop Evil, Hail the Villain, and The Black Cloud Collective kicks off February 16th in Phoenix. For more info on Rev Theory including tour dates, and to find out where to purchase music and merchandise visit http://www.revtheory.com/
Special thanks to Julien Jorgensen for making the time to speak with me, and to Steve Karas at SKH Music for making it all happen.


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22 Long Rifle (LR) Ammo
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History of .22 Long Rifle Ammunition
The .22 Long Rifle is without question, the most popular and prolifically produced cartridges in the United States. It has served hunters, sport shooters, law enforcement and military needs for over 100 years. Based on the Flobert BB cap the .22 LR is a result of continual improvement on the BB cap to fill the need for an accurate, low recoil, low noise cartridge for a variety of uses. The .22LR is a rimfire cartridge that can be used for many different purposes; target shooting, plinking, and small vermin control are its most common uses. The comparatively inexpensive ammunition and high availability make the .22 LR a great choice for extended sessions at the range, as well as being much lighter to carry on extended hunting trips or hikes.
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It is the choice of youth shooting programs the world over as it is low in cost, accurate and has virtually no recoil or muzzle blast. This allows for the shooter to concentrate on the fundamentals of shooting and not worry about noise or recoil. The .22LR is a great cartridge that is enjoyed by virtually all shooters the world over. The wide range of firearms that shoot this inexpensive cartridge, along with the shooter friendly aspects will ensure that the popularity of the .22LR will remain for decades to come.
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Zelda II: The Adventure of Link Nintendo 3DS
- Nintendo 3DS Your selected format is Nintendo 3DS
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This direct sequel to the original The Legend of Zelda is famed for taking the series in a new direction, while also introducing elements that would become standard in future Zelda games.
In Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, Link must seek the Triforce of Courage and awaken Princess Zelda from a sleeping spell. Meanwhile, Ganon's minions are trying to resurrect their master.
Zelda II uses a side-scrolling view and overworld map, and features role-playing aspects that are unique to the series.
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"PHA's research program has yielded an explosion of understanding about PH that was not known before."- John Newman, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Twenty years ago there were no pulmonary hypertension treatments available. Through focused research there are now eight PH-specific treatments with more in development. But our ultimate wish is for a cure, and that is why PHA will continue to support the work of researchers until the day when no one suffers from PH.
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US 6795652 B2 Abstract A communications network has a plurality of nodes interconnected by an optical transmission medium. The transmission medium is capable of a carrying a plurality of wavelengths organized into bands. A filter at each node for drops a band associated therewith and passively forwards other bands through the transmission medium. A device is provided at each node for adding a band to the transmission medium. Communication can be established directly between a pair of nodes in the network sharing a common band without the active intervention of any intervening node. This allows the network to be protocol independent. Also, the low losses incurred by the passive filters permit relatively long path lengths without optical amplification.
Claims(8) 1. A method of operating a set of interfaces in a communications network, comprising:
associating pairs of nodes of the network with distinct bands of optical channels used for communication between said pairs of nodes, adjacent bands of optical channels being separated by at least one optical channel which is not used for communication;
configuring at least one interface to separate a selected band of optical channels from non-selected bands of optical channels and passively forwarding the non-selected bands of optical channels, the non-selected bands being separated from the selected band by at least one optical channel which is not used for communication; and
configuring said at least one interface to combine a band of optical channels with the passively forwarded non-selected bands of optical channels.
2. A method as defined in
3. A method as defined in
4. A method as defined in
configuring said at least one interface to further separate the separated band into individual optical channels; and
configuring said at least one interface to combine optical channels to assemble the band of optical channels which is combined by the band multiplexer with passively forwarded non-selected bands of optical channels.
5. A method as defined in
6. A method as defined in
7. A method for operating a set of interfaces for use in a communications network in which pairs of nodes of the network are associated with distinct bands of optical channels used for communication between said pairs of nodes, comprising:
configuring at least one interface to separate a selected band of optical channels from non-selected bands of optical channels and passively forwarding the non-selected bands of optical channels; and
configuring said at least one interface to combine a band of optical channels with the passively forwarded non-selected bands of optical channels;
the set of interfaces being constructed such that each band of optical channels comprises a plurality of distinct optical channels at respective distinct wavelengths, said distinct wavelengths being selected according to a predetermined grid of wavelength channels which are spaced uniformly in frequency, and adjacent bands are separated by at least one wavelength channel on said predetermined grid of wavelength channels which is not used for transmission.
8. A method as defined in
Description This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/730,549, filed Dec. 7, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,615, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/372,576, filed Aug. 12, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,556,321, which is a divisional application of Ser. No. 08/917,784, filed Aug. 27, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,631,018. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for establishing communication over an optical network employing wavelength division multiplexing. The ever-increasing demand for bandwidth has spurred the growth of high speed transport networks. Currently, the key standard for use in such networks is SONET, which is an acronym for Synchronous Optical Network. The SONET standard defines a hierarchy of optical transmission rates over point-to-point and ring network topologies. For example, the SONET optical carrier-level 3 (OC-3) transmits at 155 Mb/s and OC-12 transmits at 622 Mb/s. SONET was developed to provide a survivable transport infrastructure that could carry a range of different payload protocols and payload bit rates. Survivability is achieved in SONET using a ring topology with a SONET-defined standard protocol for coordinating traffic restoration in the event of a failure. On a ring, there are always two diverse routes that can be used to interconnect any two nodes on the ring. In the event of a failure of one of those routes, spare capacity on the other route is used to restore the traffic affected by the failure. In SONET, every node must terminate the entire optical signal in order to be able to access every payload, even though typically, a node would only access a small subset of the payloads and pass the rest of them downstream to other nodes. Termination of the entire optical signal is also required to give each node access to an automatic protection switching (APS) protocol that coordinates access to the spare capacity by the node during failure events. Unfortunately, this requirement of SONET to terminate the entire optical signal at every node makes upgrading the capacity of the ring a slow and costly process, because every node must be upgraded even though it may be that only one node requires the additional capacity. In order to carry a variety of payloads and payload bit rates, the SONET standard defines a payload envelope structure into which all payloads must be mapped. This envelope is then carried within one timeslot within the time division multiplexed SONET signal. Although this provides a SONET network with the ability to carry a variety of payloads, a new payload cannot be transported until a mapping is defined and the interface circuit is developed and deployed. In addition, if there is insufficient spare capacity in the network to handle the new payload bit rate, then the entire network may have to be upgraded. Thus, SONET networks are not responsive to the needs of today's services, which are demanding greater capacity and introducing a wide range of protocols. The networks of today's telecommunications carriers typically consist of an access portion that connects end-users to the carrier's network, and a transport portion (sometimes called backbone or core network) that provides the interconnection between the access networks. The access portion of the network is under pressure to provide a greater variety of signal types such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), asynchronous digital subscriber loops (ADSL), and SONET, to handle the emerging diversity of services. These new payloads also tend to require greater bit rates to support the underlying services. Transport networks are under pressure to provide more capacity due to the higher bit rate services coming out of the access networks as well as the growth in the number and size of the access networks reflecting the growth in the number of end-users. An object of the invention is to alleviate the limitations in SONET-based networks. According to the present invention there is provided a communications network employing wavelength division multiplexing, comprising a plurality of nodes; an optical transmission medium interconnecting said nodes, said transmission medium being capable of a carrying a plurality of wavelengths organized into bands; and an interface at each node for dropping a band associated therewith, adding a band carrying traffic for another node, and passively forwarding other bands; whereby communication can be established directly between a pair of nodes in said network sharing a common band without the active intervention of any intervening node. A network in accordance with the invention is protocol and bit rate independent and is therefore more responsive than SONET to the demands placed on the access and transport networks of telecommunications carriers. Each payload is carried on separate optical wavelengths and payloads are multiplexed using wavelength division multiplexing techniques. A band consists of a group of closely spaced wavelengths. A guard space normally exists between the bands to allow for simple filtering of a band out of the overall spectrum. For example, a band may consist of four wavelengths spaced at 1.6 nm intervals giving a total width for the band of 4�1.6=6.4 nm. With a guard band of 3.2 nm, the overall band spacing would be 6.4+3.2=9.6 nm. A band is associated with the connection between two nodes, such that if, for example, node A wishes to communicate with node C via intervening node B, both node A and node C must access (add/drop) the same band, say band X. Node A would transmit to node C on band X, which would be passively forwarded by intervening node. The use of bands as distinct from discrete wavelengths allows the filter specifications to be relaxed in the area of sideband roll-off slope since there are cascaded filters involved at each node. A primary (or band) filter discriminates a band of wavelengths. Further sub-division into specific channels is done with a narrow width filter(s) that is sub-tended after the band filter. The use of a multi-level filtering approach is more energy efficient than other arrangements for ring networks. This is due to the fact that the band filter is the primary filter element that is repeated around the ring. As nodes are added to the ring, the attenuation loss due to the band filter element does not rise as fast as the case where individual wavelengths are filtered out at a node with the residual band being passed on. The interface is typically in the form of a filter which separates out the band to be dropped and forwards the other bands by reflection. The filter acts as a multiplexer/demultiplexer which drops and adds the band associated with the node from the transmission medium. The filter is preferably an interference filter with minimal loss, preferably less than 1 dB, and typically 0.5 dB. The division of the wavelength spectrum into bands, each associated with a node, is an important factor in reducing the loss at the passive filter. If individual wavelengths were employed, losses in the order of 3 to 6 dB could be expected, and the maximum size of the network would be very much restricted. An important advantage of the present invention is that each wavelength essentially provides a protocol independent high speed bit pipe between a pair of nodes with minimal loss. A node in one embodiment may also include a cross connect switch for changing wavelengths. For example, if a path is established between node A and node C over band c, and between node C and node F over band f, and no path exists between node A and node F, node A can send traffic for node F first to node C, which drops the band c, detects that the traffic is for node F, and passes it through the cross connect to forward the traffic in band f, which will be dropped by node F. The optical path for the network is thus passive except for nodes where wavelengths are add/dropped. The system also has low overall loss in any wavelength path so that no optical amplifiers need be employed to achieve a 30 km ring circumference. The overall power loss budget is estimated at 30 dB. In a typical maximum configuration system, approximately ⅓ of the optical loss is in the fiber (�9 dB) and approximately ⅓ the loss is in the optical add/drop filters (16 band filters @0.5 db=8 dB). The remainder of the 30 dB optical power budget is reserved for connector loss, splices and aging of components. According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of establishing communication over an network employing wavelength division multiplexing and having a plurality of nodes interconnected by an optical transmission medium capable of carrying a plurality of wavelengths organized into bands, the method comprising the steps of sending traffic destined for a remote node in a band associated with the remote node; passively forwarding said band at any intervening nodes; and dropping said band at said remote node to extract said traffic destined therefor. The invention still further provides an interface device for use in an optical network employing wavelength division multiplexing, comprising a demultiplexer for dropping a predetermined band of wavelengths from the network at a node, means for converting optical input signals from said demultiplexer to electrical output signals, means for generating optical output signals from electrical input signals, a multiplexer for adding said optical output signals in a predetermined band to the network, said demultiplexer and multiplexer being arranged to forward passively optical signals in bands other than said band that is dropped. In another aspect the invention provides a fiber optic wavelength division multiplexed ring comprising a plurality of switching nodes, means for generating a plurality of wavelengths organized in to bands on said ring, and means for transmitting maintenance channel data on at least one of said wavelengths as a pilot tone. The maintenance channel can conveniently be injected by modulating the bias current of the device generating the wavelengths, normally a laser. The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the physical layout of a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) bi-directional ring network; FIG. 2 is a chart of the bands of wavelengths employed in a typical system in accordance with the invention; FIG. 3 is a block functional diagram of a network node; FIG. 4 is a block diagram network node with an optical cross connect switch; FIG. 5 illustrates a ring showing the waveband connections; FIG. 6 illustrates a ring showing protection switching; FIG. 7 is an example of a hubbed connection pattern; FIG. 8 is an example of a meshed connection pattern; FIG. 9 illustrates a ring showing examples of payload signals; FIG. 10 shows a bit rate consistency monitor; FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a maintenance channel signal driver; FIG. 12 is a graph showing the spectral density of each wavelength; and FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a distributed ATM switch. Referring now to FIG. 1, a WDM (Wavelength division Multiplexed) ring network generally referenced 1 consists of two counter rotating rings 2, 3 containing a plurality of nodes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 providing interfaces to the rings 2, 3. It will be understood that FIG. 1 shows the physical layout of the network. The rings 2, 3 physically consist of optical fibers, which are capable of carrying multiple wavelengths generated by lasers in the nodes. The interconnectivity between the nodes is provided by WDM connections in a manner to be described. Each ring may carry, for example, 16 or 32 wavelengths divided into eight bands, which provide the interconnectivity between the nodes. Typically there are either two or four wavelengths per band. With eight bands, there are therefore a total of 16 wavelengths per ring for two wavelengths per band or 32 wavelengths in the case of four wavelengths per band, for example, spaced at 1.6 nm with a guard band of 3.2 nm for a total spacing of 9.6 nm per band. FIG. 2 shows a typical distribution of bands and wavelengths. Typically the maximum number of nodes is eight, assuming eight bands. Each node 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, adds/drops a predetermined band of wavelengths specific to that node. For example, node 6 might drop the 1.52411 to 1.51948 μm band, which includes wavelengths at 1.52411, 1.52256, 1.52102, and 1.51948 μm. In order to establish a path between node 4 and node 6, node 4 transmits to node 6 in this band on both counter rotating rings 2, 3. This band is passively reflected by nodes 5, 7, 8 and forwarded to node 6, which drops the band and extracts the traffic. In accordance with the principles of the invention, the bands of wavelength thus permit direct, protocol independent connections to be made between any nodes on the ring without the intervention of any intermediate node. The nodes on the ring can be interconnected in any traditional manner, for example, in star or mesh connections, by establishing waveband connections between desired pairs of nodes. A typical node with a wavelength conversion function will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3. Demultiplexers 10 and multiplexers 11 are shown connected into the fiber optic rings 2, 3. Demultiplexers 10 drop, and multiplexers 11 add, a specific band of wavelengths associated with the node. Physically the MUX/DEMUX 10, 11 each consist of a single high performance optical interference filter that transmits the selected band to be dropped/added and passively reflects the remaining bands. The filters can be, for example, dichroic filters, Bragg grating filters based on circulators, and Bragg grating based on fused biconic taper. A suitable filter is made by JDS Fitel of Ottawa, Canada. Such filters offer low through-path loss (<1 dB), and reasonable (<2 db) add/drop loss. The bands 13 not dropped by the demultiplexers 10 are passively forwarded through the node. In physical terms, the bands 13 of wavelengths that are not destined for a particular node are passively reflected on to the next node and so on until they reach the destination node where they are dropped in the manner described. The dropped band 12 from each ring 2, 3 is passed to a second fine optical filter 19, which separates the dropped band into the individual wavelengths. The subdivided wavelengths are passed to electro-optic converters 14, which generate electrical signals from the optical inputs. The electric signals are then passed to digital cross connect switch, which connects them to payload interface devices 16 providing access to the network. Alternatively, cross connect 15 permits switching between different wavelengths or bands. In the latter case, the cross connect 15 can be connected to additional MUX/DEMUX filters (not shown) provided at the same node for adding/dropping different bands either on the same ring or a different ring. The adding of a band works in the same way as the dropping of a band in reverse. Electrical signals are converted to optical form in electro-optic converters 14 and passed to fine channel filters 18, which combine the specific band of wavelengths that it is desired to add. The output 18 of these filters is passed to MUX 11 and combined with the forwarded bands 13. In physical terms, the added band(s) is/are transmitted through the optical filter and combined with the forwarded bands 13, which are passively reflected. The �optimum� construction for a node filter is a 4, 6 or 10 port device having an in port, out port and 1, 2 or 4 �drop� ports and 1, 2 or 4 �add� ports. As there are eight bands, there will be eight varieties of the device, one per band. One such device is used where ever a band is to be add/dropped. Each port corresponds to a specific wavelength. The filter is a highly integrated passive optical device. The design and construction of the filter is such that 1 wavelength (approx. 1 nm Bandwidth) is available from a �drop� port and 1 wavelength (approx. 1 nm Bandwidth) is added to an �add� port. By using identical band filters at two points on the ring, 1, 2 or 4 wavelengths can be used to implement a bi-directional �communications� pipe between those points. These pipes are independent of any other wavelengths on the fiber ring so long as no other nodes use the same band filters. Each wavelength used in the system in effect serves as a transparent digital �bit pipe�. Any specific formatting of data in a wavelength is to be carried out by sub-tending equipment. The system is not protocol dependent. The present invention employs bands to provide protocol independent direct connections between nodes on a physical ring, which in physical terms need not be adjacent. FIG. 4 shows a similar arrangement to FIG. 3, except that the electro-optical converters have been omitted and the cross connect switch 115 is an optical switching device that performs optical switching and provides optical outputs to optical interfaces 116. With optical switching, wavelength conversion can be realized optically. Electro-absorption devices and/or semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) may be used to perform the conversion. Each node typically has at least one band filter, at least one laser diode, driver and MTCE (maintenance channel modulator), at least one PIN diode receiver, transimpedance amplifier, limit amplifier and MTCE demodulator, fine optical filters, a maintenance channel control processor, with Ethernet port and node control HW, and a per wavelength interface to subtending equipment or test data generator (option module). Optionally, a PLL data regenerator and cross-connect matrix can be provided. A low frequency bandpass filter picks off the maintenance channel data and it is demodulated by a PLL type FSK demodulator. The data stream then goes to the maintenance processor. Each wavelength is driven by a DFB (Distributed Feedback) laser or Bragg grating reflector laser at a specific wavelength chosen to match the filter characteristics. The output power of the laser is in the range of −3 dbm to a possible high of +6 dbm. Laser components may require thermal stabilization (also providing a means of micro-tuning to specific wavelengths). The laser is driven by a single chip control circuit that combines the monitor diode and bias requirements of the device. Typically these devices have a PECL differential input. FIG. 5 shows one example of a connectivity diagram of a network operating in accordance with the invention. The nodes are physically interconnected in a ring by counter-rotating optic fiber rings as described with reference to FIG. 1. The bands of wavelengths provided direct WDM protocol independent connections between non adjacent rings. In FIG. 5, band X connects node 5 to node 8 in both directions. This means that node 5 and 8 add and drop band X, that is band X is passively reflected by the interference filter at node 4. The invention also allows protection switching, with the bands acting as direct connections between the nodes. FIG. 6 is an example of protection switching. In FIG. 6, a band connects X two nodes via two diverse paths on opposite arcs 40, 41 of the ring 1. One of these arcs can be used to provide a restoration path for all of the wavelengths in the band in the event of a failure of the other path. In FIG. 6, a band connects nodes A and C. The arc 40 via node B is used normally and the arc via nodes D-Z is spare. Node A and node C monitor the quality of the signals dropped from the band at each end of the connection. In the event of a failure of the connections via node B, nodes A and C re-establish the connections via nodes-D-Z. The drop nodes may use optical power measurements on each wavelength as a quality measure. If the optical power drops below a preset threshold, then a protection switch is triggered. This measurement is not dependent on the protocol or bit rate of the information carried on the wavelength. Another quality measure that is protocol and bit-rate independent is a Bit Rate Consistency Monitor. The drop node counts the number of bits received over a given unit of time (long relative to the bit time of the lowest expected bit rate) and records the value of this count. If the value varies by more than some nominal amount, it is an indication that the channel is carrying noise and has therefore failed. An example of a Bit Rate Consistency Monitor is shown in FIG. 10. Incoming serial data 50 is fed to edge counter 51, which inputs an M-bit count to register 53. A reference clock, which has a repetition rate low relative to the minimum serial data rate, is input to register 53 and 54 to latch the count samples n and n−1 and also to the counter to reset it between samples. Sample n from register 53 and sample n−1 from register 54 are compared in comparator 55, which generates a true/output depending on the consistency of the incoming bit rate. In order to coordinate the switching of the traffic, the nodes at each end of the connection must communicate directly For example, in FIG. 6, if a failure of the connection is observed only at node C, then node C may have to communicate with node A to get the wavelengths that were being sent across the band via node B to be sent across the band via node D-Z. This can be accomplished using one or more of the maintenance channels that are carried on a pilot tone on each wavelength. FIG. 7 shows a hubbed connection pattern as a further example of the manner in which the nodes can be interconnected in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In FIG. 7, node C (5) acts as the hub from which �connections� are established to other nodes over dedicated wavebands extending between the hub node 5 and the remaining nodes. FIG. 8 shows a meshed arrangement, where the nodes are connected in the form of a mesh pattern. In all cases the wavebands act as bit pipes establishing protocol independent high speed connections directly between nodes, which may be non-adjacent. FIG. 9 shows examples of a signal payload that may be carried by a ring operating in accordance with the invention. In FIG. 9, band 30 establishes a protocol independent connection between nodes 4 and 7. This connection can carry SONET OC-3 traffic and Fiber channel traffic directly between the nodes. The system architecture does not need to know anything about the protocols. The band 7 merely delivers a high speed bit stream at node 7, which can be resolved into SONET and Fiber channel streams at the far end node. FIG. 9 also shows Gigabit Ethernet and SONET OC-48 traffic between sent between nodes 5 and 8. Again the ring is indifferent to the protocols involved. The data is merely transported as a high speed bit stream over the carrier wavelength without regard to the underlying protocol. It is of course possible to cascade multiple rings, interconnecting them at common nodes. However, if many rings are cascaded, dispersion effects and jitter effects on the electrical/optical signals may accumulate. In order to compensate for this, a re-generation stage may need to be added to the cross-connect matrix at selected interconnect points. This re-generation device is a wide range PLL (phase-locked loop) that locks onto the incoming digital data stream, recovers a clock and uses the clock to re-generate the digital stream. It is not necessary for the re-generator to know the specific format of the data in the stream, only to be able to lock onto the digital transitions and clean up the edges with respect to dispersion and jitter. If the PLL requires setting for lock range or center frequency, this can be accommodated by maintenance channel configuration messages that are directed to the hardware that needs to be controlled. A variety of external data sources can be connected to the data path for each wavelength. This can include OC-3, OC-12, a proprietary interface such as Newbridge ISL (Inter Shelf Links) and possibly Gigabit Ethernet sources. As mentioned above, the wavelengths carry a maintenance channel, which is driven by an FSK modulator originating directly from the maintenance channel data stream. In a multi-node WDM ring network the opportunity exists for overall optimization economies that can be facilitated by the individual nodes being able to communicate with each other to exchange information that is used to control the laser device by adjusting the fundamental operating parameters of the device and other optical elements that may be used in such a network. Methods of local optimization of laser parameters have been discussed in the literature. However, this approach uses and end-to-end approach which is more complete in terms of being able to adjust for network operating parameters. It also allows consideration to be given for specification tolerance reduction of other network elements e.g. filter roll off centre frequency position and gain elements that may be present in such a ring configuration. For each wavelength operating between two points in the WDM ring, there is a laser source, an add filter (or portion of an add/drop filter), fibre transmission media a drop filter (or portion of an add/drop filter), an optical detector and ancillary receive electronics to route the signal to other portions of the system. The laser source is controlled by setting a laser current threshold, modulation current level and operating temperature. The operating wavelength is adjusted (by temp control) so as to provide maximum signal energy to the detector at the far end. This procedure aligns the emitted wavelength with the combined cascade filter response so as to minimizes the losses due to individual component tolerances. It also has the benefit of any medium to long term wavelength variation of the laser from the system loss plan calculations. The peak optical power and the extinction ratio (ER) is regulated and controlled by special electronic circuits or by an embedded microcontroller. Laser slope efficiencies at bias level and at peak level can be measured by varying bias current and peak current in very small steps respectively. Such measurement allows the laser ER and peak power to be frequently monitored and controlled. Wavelength stability is attained by adjusting the laser operating wavelength (e.g. adjusting laser operating temperature) while monitoring the received power level at the receiving node. Since the WDM filter modules have a narrow pass band (approximately 1 nm) for each wavelength channel and possesses other optical characteristics, it is possible to precisely re-align the laser operating wavelength on a regular basis. In certain circumstances when operating the same wavelength on two different segments of the ring it may be necessary to set the operating wavelengths at slightly different points so as to minimize �beat noise� (a coherent interference effect between optical sources). This noise factor is overcome by having the operating wavelengths separated by come small amount (0.05 nm to 0.2 nm). The other parameters of laser operation (threshold) and modulation depth are controlled end-to-end in such a way as to optimize the receive eye signal for a given data rate. The maintenance signal that is superimposed on the optical wavelength gives a means of measuring the error performance of the mtce channel (which is directly proportional to the error rate of the main data channel on the optical beam.). By means of message feedback, the received signal condition state can be sent back to the laser transmitter so that corrective actions or stabilization routines can be run. The specific control routines are software algorithms that run on the embedded processor that is associated with the laser control circuitry. These control algorithms will include both wavelength stabilization routines and received eye signal optimization. In a network of WDM laser sources and receivers (including drop/add filters) it may be necessary to add amplification to individual wavelengths or groups of wavelengths so as to obtain sufficient optical energy to achieve a desired bit error rate at the receiver. In a known topology situation a number of EDFA elements could be added to the system to overcome transmission losses due to fibre and filter loss. Due to the topology of the ring and the fact that it is a ring configuration, fixed gain blocks such as EDFA's may be difficult to specify and may in fact impair the performance of some wavelengths in the system. A solution to the problem exists in the form of a SOA element combined with an electrically programmable attenuator element. This technology can be obtained in discrete element form or integrated onto a silicon waveguide structure. The SOA provides the pure gain required the programmable attenuator allows for signal level optimization on a node to node basis, independent of the levels required for any other node to node level on the ring. The SOA/Attenuator combination may be applied at the laser source (as a post-amplifier), the receiver (as a pre-amplifier) or both. In the event that it was desired to use EDFA elements as the gain block in a fibre based ring system, the programmable attenuator could be used to optimize the receive signal level at the receiver. It is felt that this would not provide as flexible a solution as the SOA/attenuator system but would overcome the problem of individual channels gain adjustment that is required in such an amplified add/drop system. In all cases the key to the system optimization is the ability for the system to communicate on the mtce channels between source/receiver pairs and to optimize via control algorithms the operating level of the signal in such a way as to obtain the best end-to-end performance and WDM network management. The maintenance and control processor of each node is a small computer board that contains processor, ram, flash memory for program and application store and several serial interfaces (one per MTCE link). The processor has an embedded DOS that is augmented with a TCP/IP routing and control module (Flexcom router and control switch). Since the Flexcom product is actually a Multi-tasking O/S operating in conjunction with the embedded DOS, several monitor and control functions specific to laser operation and maintenance are integrated into this SW. A status and reporting function is also incorporated. By means of this switch, all nodes in a system may be controlled and monitored by a remote PC that operates a Telnet session to each processor. Maintenance traffic may also be routed through a maintenance processor to other nodes or subtending equipment. FIG. 11 shows the arrangement for creating the maintenance channel. Driver 90 for laser 91 has a bias input 92 that is modulated by FSK modulator 93 receiving at its input the maintenance channel 95. The data channel, which is all digital, is applied to the main input of the driver 90. The arrangement shown in FIG. 11 embeds a pilot tone on each wavelength, which may be of low bit rate (<256 kbps). This pilot tone is injected into the wavelength channel by modulation of the bias current by the FSK modulator 93 that modulates the MTCE channel data stream into a sequence of tones. Other carrier modulation systems such as QAM-64 or QAM-256 or OFDM may be used. The level of the pilot tone is approximately 20 dB below the main data path. The effect of the pilot tone on the BER of the main data channel, which is purely digital, is minimal since it is carried on a portion of the spectral distribution curve well outside the portion carrying the high bit rate data (see FIG. 12). The MTCE channel modulation ensures wavelength integrity between nodes, provides a power level estimate of wavelength link, provides node status and monitoring (SNMP, RMON type messaging), distribution of network level timing synchronization, and SW & FW downloads for node processors and sub-tended equipment. Since the MTCE channel is modulated independently from the regular �data pipe� channel, the MTCE does not need to know what the format of data in the main channel is. This is extremely important in allowing format independence of end user applications and access. The described arrangement provides a network capable of carrying data in the terabit/sec range over distances of up to 30 km, and more when cascaded rings are provided. It also allows the components of high speed switches, such as ATM switches, to be distributed over a campus wide network, resulting in substantial savings in trunk cards and processors. FIG. 13 is an example of such a distributed switch. Switch components 100 are interconnected over ring 1 using nodes 110 interconnected in the manner described above. Patent Citations
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These Brand New OEM compatible Zebra Encore 3 Printheads deliver 203 DPI for the Zebra Encore 3 Label Printer and carry the same exact warranty as the original manufacturer.
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Anemia is a low level of healthy red blood cells (RBC). RBCs carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. When red blood cells are low, the body does not get enough oxygen. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, or irregular heartbeat.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by the destruction of RBCs. It can be a serious, fatal condition that requires care from a doctor.
This type of anemia is caused by an autoimmune problem. The immune system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The abnormal reaction of the immune system may be caused by:
- Certain medications
- Viral infections, including mononucleosis
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma—Non-Hodgkin's but also occasionally Hodgkin's
- Collagen-vascular (autoimmune) diseases such as lupus
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your risk of developing autoimmune hemolytic anemia include:
- Recent viral infections
- Taking medications that can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Cancer or leukemia
- Collagen-vascular (autoimmune) disease
- Family history of hemolytic disease
Symptoms may include:
- Dark brown urine
- Yellow or pale skin
- Muscle pains
- Headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid heartbeat
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medications, and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a hematologist who is a doctor who specializes in blood and blood-forming tissues.
Your bodiliy fluids may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Mild cases may not need treatment. They may resolve on their own. Treatment options include the following:
Treating the Underlying Condition
Treating the cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia may help treat the condition. Causes include cancer, medications, or collagen-vascular disease.
Cortisone-like drugs suppress the immune response. These drugs usually improve the more common types of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Other Immunosuppressive Drugs
Other drugs that suppress the immune system may be used if corticosteroids are not effective.
The spleen removes abnormal red cells from the circulation, including those labeled with antibodies. Removing the spleen can preserve those cells and prevent anemia.
You will need transfusions if your blood gets too anemic.


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Health A-Z
Most Searched Conditions
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About Health A-Z
Approximately 117 million people in the United States live with one or more chronic health conditions, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Many more people face acute illnesses and diseases as well. We know how challenging it can be to manage any health condition, especially a chronic medical illness, and how it affects you as an individual and as a family. Whether you have depression, multiple sclerosis, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, or psoriasis, our Conditions A-Z information offers a wealth of detail to help you begin to improve your overall health and quality of life, and build a strong support system. Search our database of health conditions to find the most comprehensive and up-to-date information. Our robust conditions database also includes health assessments and guides to health problems large and small, including appendicitis, yeast infections, smoking addiction, and skin conditions. Enhancing the basic health condition facts and figures on the site are news stories and columns written by the most respected voices in the medical community, including Sanjay Gupta, MD, our chief medical correspondent; Lauren Streicher, MD, one of the country's leading gynecologists and women's health experts; and Trevis L. Gleason, a well-known international MS blogger and author.


text:
Looking for Car Stereos?
Start shoppingHD Radio™ technology
Great sound and cool features
If you're like most drivers, you spend most of your listening time in the car with the radio on – up to 85% of the time according to some sources. So it makes sense to make the most of that time, an HD Radio™ receiver is the way to do it. HD Radio broadcasts sound dramatically better than analog radio, and you get features that standard analog radio can't match. Best of all, with over 2,000 HD Radio stations broadcasting nationally, there's a good chance you'll find one or more in your area.
HD Radio Technology's expanded features take radio to another level. Depending on your receiver and your local HD Radio station, here's some of what you can expect.
Digital sound is at the heart of HD Radio broadcasts
The HD Radio experience begins with better audio. In fact, the digital sound of HD Radio signals is so good that FM broadcasts can rival the sound of CDs. That's a big improvement from the current FM standard. While AM broadcasts won't approach the CD-quality signal of digital FM stations, the boost in sound quality is significant. So when you tune in your favorite news, sports, or talk programs, you'll hear AM that sounds like current FM-quality sound. And that annoying static you're so used to on AM broadcasts? It'll be a distant memory.
Multicasting provides more listening opportunities
Many HD Radio stations feature HD2 and HD3 channels. These provide different content than the main channel, so you'll be able to experience deeper album cuts, news feeds, or alternative music programming without changing stations. It's like getting three stations to listen to on one frequency.
iTunes® Tagging makes it easy to buy the music you like
When you're listening to an HD Radio station and your iPod® is connected to the receiver, you can "tag" songs you like with the touch of a button. The song info is saved on your iPod or iPhone®. When you plug your iPod into your computer later, the songs you've tagged will be ready for you to purchase at the iTunes store.
Artist Experience spices up the display
If you have a DVD or navigation receiver with a video screen, you'll enjoy Artist Experience. It provides you with a much richer visual experience when you're tuned into participating HD Radio stations. You'll enjoy album art, station logos, and other fun visual content, plus song, artist, and album info as well.
Digital Traffic for the road warrior
Receivers that offer Digital Traffic serve up up-to-date traffic reports and much more. Think of it as your in-car concierge, with info on weather, movie times, sport scores, news, stocks, and more. And no other services update quicker than Digital Traffic — up to 20 times faster than analog services.
Channel Guide can show you what's playing on other stations
Receivers with Channel Guide give you a complete rundown of the HD Radio programming available in your area, including programs available through multicasting — secondary channels that some HD Radio stations offer. This makes it easy to find what you want to hear.
Find out more with Bookmark
Want to find out more about a song, product, or story you've just heard? Touch the Bookmark icon on the screen to save the info so you can look it up later. Some bookmarks even come with a QR code, so you can snap a picture and access the info with your smartphone.
See how many HD Radio stations there are in your area
Many new car receivers offer HD Radio tuners. But before you buy, you can go to the HD Radio website to see the stations in your area that are already broadcasting a digital signal.
With the continued popularity of HD Radio broadcasts, more radio stations are investing in the upgrade. They want to keep up with the enhanced sound quality and added features of digital radio. And so do we!


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Last year, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) delayed the implementation of a requirement that all physicians who ordered or referred services for Medicare beneficiaries to be enrolled in the Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) because many physicians were unaware of the obligation. This requirement has been particularly problematic for physical therapists who furnish durable medical equipment in home health settings because claims for services ordered by a provider who is not enrolled in PECOS would be denied. Under this requirement, the ordering/referring providers will not see claims denials. Instead, the claims of providers who provide services under the order of a physician, including physical therapists, will be denied under this new requirement.
This week, CMS announced that there was an editorial oversight in a federal report that stated that the agency will implement the PECOS requirement July 5. This is incorrect. CMS has not yet determined when it will begin to apply the ordering/referring provider claim edit to ordering/referring providers who do not have a record in PECOS. CMS has stated that it will give providers ample notice before the ordering/referring provider claim edit is applied. Recent revisions to Change Requests #6417 and #6421 require Medicare Administrative Contractors to delay rejecting claims until they receive further direction from CMS.


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STUDENT HELP information and videos are located here.
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The Robin Hood Foundation
Alnoor Ebrahim, Catherine Ross
Revision Date:Jan 05, 2012Publication Date:May 10, 2010Discipline:Social EnterpriseSource:Harvard Business School |
Product number:310031-HCB-ENG Length:24p |
English Hardcopy Black & White
Also Available in:
English Hardcopy Black & White | $ 6.93
Created by hedge fund and financial managers, the Robin Hood Foundation fights poverty through grants to nonprofit organizations. As the global financial crisis continues to impact the poor disproportionately, the Foundation needs to ensure that its funds are being spent on the most effective poverty-fighting programs. The organization's senior vice president, Michael Weinstein, has developed a benefit-cost (BC) approach to analyze the performance of program grants. How effective is the method? Is funding programs with the highest BC ratios a good way to fight poverty? In three or five years, how will Robin Hood know whether it is succeeding?
learning objective:
To examine ways of measuring the social performance of nonprofit organizations and grant-making foundations; to consider the role of metrics in relation to other factors; to explore how to build organizational systems and a culture of performance measurement.
subjects covered:
Nonprofit organizations
- Geographic: New York
- Company Employee Count: <100
- Company Revenue: $150 million
- Event Year Begin: 2009


text:
Parotidectomy is surgery to remove all or part of the parotid gland. These glands make saliva. They are located on your jaw, in front of and below each ear.
Reasons for Procedure
The surgery is done to:
- Remove a tumor in the gland
- Remove lymph nodes that could be cancerous
- Treat recurrent infections in the gland
Possible Complications
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
- Numbness of the face and ear
- Damage to the nerve that controls the movement of muscles in your face
- Saliva drainage—Saliva may pool in the upper neck after surgery. It may also drain through the incision after it has been closed. This is temporary.
- Frey's syndrome—This happens when salivary nerve fibers grow into the sweat glands. While eating, some people may notice sweating on the side of the face where the surgery was done.
- Fistula—This is an abnormal connection that may occur between the mouth, nose, throat, or skin.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Scarring
- Swelling of your airway
Before your procedure, talk to your doctor about ways to manage factors that may increase your risk of complications such as:
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Before the surgery, your doctor may:
- Do a physical exam and review your medical history
- Order blood tests and have x-rays taken
- Talk to you about any medications, herbs, and dietary supplements that you may be taking—You may be asked to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure.
Be sure that you have a ride to and from the hospital the day of your surgery.
General anesthesia will be used. It will block pain and keep you asleep through the surgery. It is given through an IV or nasal mask.
Description of the Procedure
The doctor will make a cut in front of the ear and down into the neck. The nerves in the area will be located and protected during surgery. There are two types of parotidectomy surgery. The type you will have depends on why the surgery is being done.
If you have a tumor and it is above the facial nerve, then a superficial parotidectomy is done. The tumor and affected tissue can usually be removed safely without harming the nerve.
If you have a tumor that surrounds or grows into the facial nerve, a total parotidectomy is done. The tumor, affected tissue, and parts of the nerve are removed.
After all tissue has been removed, the area will be closed with sutures. A drain will be placed behind your ear. It will be used to remove any fluids, such as blood and saliva, from the wound.
How Long Will It Take?
- Superficial parotidectomy—3-4 hours
- Total parotidectomy—5 hours
How Much Will It Hurt?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during surgery. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications.
Average Hospital Stay
Most will go home the day after surgery, once they are able to eat and walk around on their own. Some may need to stay longer if there are any complications.
Post-procedure Care
After the surgery is over, you will be moved to a recovery room. The hospital staff will monitor you. The staff may:
- Check your facial movements by asking you to smile or pout
- Show you how to care for the drain, because you will have it when you go home
During your stay, the hospital staff will take steps to reduce your chance of infection, such as:
- Washing their hands
- Wearing gloves or masks
- Keeping your incisions covered
There are also steps you can take to reduce your chance of infection, such as:
- Washing your hands often and reminding your healthcare providers to do the same
- Reminding your healthcare providers to wear gloves or masks
- Not allowing others to touch your incision
When you return home, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:
- Follow your doctor's instructions for keeping the wound clean. This may include changing bandages.
- Follow the instructions for caring for your drain. It will usually be removed in 2-4 days.
- You may also need to return to the doctor to have the sutures removed. This may be in 4-6 days. When the sutures are out, clean the area with mild soap and water.
- Ask your doctor about when it is safe to shower, bathe, or soak in water.
Call Your Doctor
It is important for you to monitor your recovery after you leave the hospital. Alert your doctor to any problems right away. If any of the following occur, call your doctor:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, a lot of bleeding, or discharge from the surgery site
- Persistent nausea and/or vomiting
- Pain that you cannot control with the medications you were given
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Spitting or vomiting blood
- New or worsening symptoms
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.


text: It is basically impossible to gain more benchmark speed with an os upgrade. You can only "feel" it faster when some newer kernel options are used. But those are not visable in your benchmark. What I dislike a bit about the latest Ubuntu releases is that there is no live option to disable compiz. You have to use vesa mode if you don't want it. Compiz is not always fun, it adds some effects (which are very restricted in default settings) but video playback does not really work optimal. I prefer such kind of eye candy optional - 7.10 was even fully unusable due to a bug in mesa for my X700SE, now there is a patch in mesa which fixes this problem.


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- Photos: Damien Sandow's Latest Gimmick a Big Hit at This Week's WWE Main Event Tapings
- New Photo Of AJ Lee & CM Punk Together
- Diva Returns At WWE Live Event (Photo)
- Photo: Official WWE Payback 2015 Promotional Poster Revealed
- Photo: The Undertaker & Michelle McCool Attends Softball Game
- New Photos Of The Undertaker & Sting Together
- Video: The Handicapped Heroes – Gregory Iron & Zach Gowen
- Discussing Seth Rollins' Fall From Grace
- Video: CSR – Why Bad News Barrett Must Capitalize On This Opportunity, Was He The Right Choice For King Of The Ring?
- Looking At TNA Signing Billy Corgan
- D'Lo Brown Clears The Air About Droz, Talks Chest Protector, Low Point At End of WWE Career
- King of the Ring Returns: The Good and the Bad with the Tournament
Wrestling Videos
Star Columns
Did you Know?
Mark Henry has set several world weight-lifting records and competed in 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.


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Fire threatens Colorado mountain town of 400AP Photo
Smoke fills the sky from the West Fork Fire in South Fork, Colo., on Thursday. . 2013. Colorado Highway 160 through the area has been closed and evacuations ordered of the small town at the bottom of Wolf Creek Pass.SOUTH FORK, Colo. A massive wildfire threatened a tourist town in Colorados southwestern mountains on Friday, as its roughly 400 residents emptied out ahead of the fast-burning blaze fueled by hot, windy weather.
Wildland firefighters teamed up with local firefighters to try to protect South Fork, which is surrounded by the Rio Grande National Forest. State authorities said the 47-square-mile fire is about seven miles southwest of town and has been advancing at a rate of about a mile an hour.
Fire spokeswoman Penny Bertram wont speculate on the likelihood of the town burning.
Theres a high probability of the fire reaching the town if the fire continues to behave as it has, though crews were staging resources to protect its buildings, she said.
Theyre hedging their bets, Bertram said.
The town is a popular spot for hiking and camping. The fictional Griswold family camped in South Fork in 1983s National Lampoons Vacation. The famous scene where a dog urinates on a picnic basket was filmed at South Forks Riverbend Resort, called Kamp Komfort in the movie.
Residents were being sent to a high school in a neighboring town.
South Forks mayor, Kenneth Brooke, sent his children and grandchildren to a safe location and stayed behind, helping several dozen area fire responders prepare for hosing down structures.
Brooke said authorities are allowing him to stay in South Fork until the blaze crests a nearby mountain, expected Friday afternoon. Until then, the mayor was taking phone calls from nervous neighbors and telling them the towns grim forecast.
I just tell them it doesnt look good, Brook told The Associated Press by phone Friday. I tell them the truth, that the fire is coming. I just tell them to keep themselves safe, evacuate as need be and dont come back.
Were just watching the fire and doing what we can for peoples properties, but mostly its just waiting. Right now Im saying, `Stay out.
Bertram said the hot, dry and windy weather along with large stands of beetle-killed trees are causing extreme fire behavior.
While most fires actively burn four hours a day, this one is burning for 12 hours a day, helping it to mushroom in recent days.
Firefighters have largely let the lightning-sparked fire burn because its too hot and erratic to fight on the ground. Water and slurry drops from air tankers also havent been effective, with pilots reporting that their drops largely evaporated before hitting the ground.
Theres no stopping it, Bertram said.
The town was incorporated in 1992, making it Colorados youngest municipality.
The town lost 11 structures in the 2002 Million Fire, which charred more than 14 square miles.
South Fork residents are used to damaging wildfires, but this years is shaping up to be the worst, Brooke said.
Our tourists are what support the town. The fires are going to run everybody away. So thats going to hurt, he said.MORE IN Wire NewsWASHINGTON President Barack Obama on Tuesday nominated a respected, combathardened commander... Full StoryPHOENIX The Islamic State group claimed responsibility Tuesday for the assault on a Texas... Full Story -
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text: Disney Fairies Cordless Cellular Shades are available only at SelectBlinds.com. Add the finishing touch to the Fairies themed bedroom or play room with Disney window coverings featuring popular Pixie Hollow characters like Tinkerbell, Rosetta, Fawn, Silvermist, Iridessa & more. The Cordless cell shades are also available with the popular cordless top down bottom up option to maintain privacy while allowing light in. And if no light is desired, get the blackout option for maximum light blockage. The ¾" single cell construction will also help insulate and keep the room cooler in the summer or warmer in the winter. These magical shades come with a limited lifetime warranty.