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11.01.2012 | Smith, D., Smith & Burgess LLC, Houston, Texas; Burgess, J., Smith and Burgess LLC, Houston, Texas
This article can help the plant engineer review the concerns developed by the design engineer. Implementing field modifications without performing such a review is costly and exposes a facility to unjustified risks.
Keywords: [best practices] [valves] [process engineering] [flares] [relief systems]
When most companies implement the process safety management standard, they routinely or periodically review the relief systems and flare systems design bases to ensure compliance with corporate, industry and/or government standards, hereafter referred to as Recognized And Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices (RAGAGEP). To mitigate concerns before implementing projects, it is advisable for plant engineers to consider several items when reviewing a concerns list:
An article published in 2000 concluded that up to 40% of the installations evaluated had unidentified concerns.1 Since the publication of this article, many of these concerns have undergone a more detailed review showing that modifications to the facility were not required to address these concerns.
The purpose of this article is to help the plant engineer review the concerns developed by the design engineer. Implementing field modifications without performing such a review is costly and exposes a facility to unjustified risks.
For the purposes of clarity, the following terms used throughout this article are defined as such:
At the end of the relief systems design basis project, the process designer typically identifies many concerns. As most facilities want to comply with RAGAGEP, there is a mandate to resolve these concerns, and their resolution can be costly.
Generally, most facilities seek to comply with regulations for existing facilities and to potentially build new equipment and facilities to a higher standard. This article includes examples of how to review existing systems to determine if concerns justify field modifications.
Relief systems design basis reviews are typically performed by contractors that assist in developing project guidelines and then collect the necessary information. After these initial actions, the contractors analyze the systems design basis per the project guidelines and present a list of identified concerns to the plants engineers and management. Prior to spending money to upgrade the relief systems, a plant engineer familiar with the process unit should review the concerns list to ensure that:
By reviewing the concerns list with these suggestions, a plant engineer can ensure that costly changes have a basis in sound engineering and that the expense is justified. Note that no hierarchical order is implied in this list.
Typically, when a relief systems design basis project is undertaken, the goal is to produce compliant documentation efficiently and consistently. To do this, process designers must base the analysis on a framework to minimize effort and ensure consistency. This is a practical method for performing a large-scale relief systems analysis; however, for any particular concern, the framework may break down and suggest items that are not actually concerns.
In a recent review project, approximately 40% of the listed concerns were later found to be acceptable based on a detailed review. The following sections help walk a plant engineer through a systematic process and give insight into how to review the listing of concerns.
When the concerns are reviewed from the perspective of the process designer, the plant engineer can understand how the framework may have generated potential concerns. Understanding this process can help the plant engineer identify resolvable concerns by reviewing the design basis.
Understanding the process. When completing large-scale relief systems design basis documentation and design processes, the process designer is usually quite familiar with relief systems design but may not be familiar with the particulars of the process or unit. The process designer, therefore, may make unrealistic judgments about process upsets. The following are examples of these items:
To ensure the best possible analysis, each study should be reviewed by personnel familiar with the process operation to confirm that unique process characteristics are captured in the relief systems documentation.
Credibility of scenario or relief rate. For each overpressure scenario that generates a concern, the plant engineer should give particular attention to ensure the credibility of the scenario or required relief rate. Many times, an overpressure scenario or the estimated rate may not be credible. The following are some examples:
To ensure an accurate analysis, each concern should be reviewed to verify that consideration has been given to the determination of the scenario applicability and that the relief rate estimate is reasonable for the particular process or unit.
Gathering facility data. The relief systems analysis process typically limits the amount of places and time that the process designer can search for process and equipment data. This limitation is usually defined as a project scope item and is used to ensure that the project has boundaries. When reviewing concerns, the plant engineer must ensure that the process designer has not identified concerns that can be readily resolved by further searching for process and/or equipment data. Often, this requires a call to an external supplier or technical body (e.g., the equipment manufacturer or national board).
Other execution issues. The relief systems process typically uses a consistent basis that is often documented and referred to as site or project guidelines. These guidelines are beneficial, as they provide a means for efficient and consistent execution and help ensure that both the process designer and plant engineer are in agreement on the details of the analysis. When these generic and prescriptively conservative guidelines generate concerns, it is imperative that the team generating the documentation reviews the fundamentals of the analysis to confirm that the concern is a legitimate deviation from RAGAGEP and not just a result of the project execution process.
The typical execution method of a project tends to enforce consistent assumptions. For most of the project, this ensures that the relief systems design basis is conservative and compliant with RAGAGEP. To ensure that field modifications are for items that must be addressed, these assumptions may need to be challenged when concerns are raised.
Standardization assumptions. Standard and generally conservative assumptions are specified to ensure consistency and efficiency. These assumptions help the relief systems documentation process run efficiently; however, if generic assumptions result in concerns, they should be revisited and updated. The following are some examples of these items:
To ensure the best possible analysis, the assumptions associated with each concern should be reviewed and, if possible, refined to be specific for that system.
Conservative assumptions. The authors of this article have been carrying out relief systems analysis for multiple decades and believe that conservative assumption is frequently used as a phrase for a simplifying assumption that the process designer invoked. Furthermore, this phrase typically has nothing to do with being conservative. The following are examples of conservative assumptions:
As previously stated, each conservative assumption should be reviewed and refined so that it is specific for each system.
Other assumptions. The design and analysis of relief systems is an art. Much of the analysis is based on the assumptions that form the overall basis. Mathematical errors are rarely the cause of an incorrect analysis; usually, the cause is a problem with the basis. The basis for each system is stacked on top of a basis for another system. Once the assumptions are flushed out and determined to be correct, the mathematics are easy.
Fractionator example. In the past, the authors reviewed a fractionator (Fig. 1), where the normal feed vapor rate was specified as the relief rate for a power failure relief load (conservatively assumed). When the capacity of the feed furnace was confirmed, the feed furnace could barely vaporize the normal amount at the normal production rate and fractionator pressure. This particular power failure scenario specified the loss of the pumparounds, which resulted in the loss of approximately 80% of the crude preheat train duty.
Fig. 1. Flow diagram of an example fractionator.
With the increase in pressure and cooler-than-normal feed temperature to feed furnace, the maximum vaporization would be around 50% of the normal vapor rate. The argument for keeping the feed preheat was that it was conservative, as the heat input may not be lost. If this turned out to be the case, then pumparounds would have continued, leading to a significantly different outcome. Assumptions need to at least be internally consistent for each scenario. If the pumparound cooling is lost, then so is the feed preheat, and vice versa.
The final items that need to be reviewed by the plant engineer are any deviations from RAGAGEP (and not just deviations from best practices). Often, when completing relief system projects, the team responsible for the design will, with the best of intentions, work into guidelines some requirements that go beyond RAGAGEP.
While extra requirements may be justified based on the increased safety at nominal incremental costs in new construction, these requirements can be quite expensive for existing facilities. These additional requirements must be reviewed and possibly excluded from items that need to be retrofitted. Regulatory requirements may require additional documentation to ensure that not making modifications presents an acceptable risk.2
Gray areas for modification. Often, items may not be absolutely correct, but they also may not rise to a level requiring field modification. An example is when current corporate standards exceed the standards to which a unit was built. This situation is particularly relevant when a facility is acquired, thus creating a situation where a facility was constructed to one set of corporate standards but is now operating with a new corporate standard in effect.
In these cases, a process designer should investigate any deviations and document why these deviations are acceptable. For cases where past designs do not meet the current RAGAGEP standards, but the deviations are deemed to be minor, management at some facilities may choose to have more regulatory risks than safety risks.
Consideration of risk to make changes. Fixing issues with equipment design, especially when the facility is running or even in turnaround, must be carried out with great care. In the past three or four years of literature searches, the authors have yet to find a single case of a slightly undersized relief device resulting in an injury or loss of containment. There are, however, countless records of injuries sustained from refinery modifications that can be found via Internet search.
To illustrate this point, in a 2009 Chemical Safety Board (CSB) video requesting that the city of Houston, Texas adopt the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Pressure Vessel Code, the CSB was unable to find instances resulting in loss of containment for pressure vessels for undersized relief devices.3 The video cites three examples of vessel failures from undersized relief devices. The first example is a low-pressure tank with an undersized relief device, and the other two examples have plugged or isolated vent lines.4, 5, 6
For a plant engineer responsible for increasing overall facility safety, it may be possible to defer modifications for the resolution of minor deviations until other equipment changes are required. This would be at the discretion of the facility, it would require a reasonable level of risk, and it could open up the facility to regulatory action.
The preceding section reviewed the typical methodology that a process designer would use to generate a relief systems design basis. This section is designed to help the plant engineer understand how the individual relief systems loads are developed and used to create an overall set of global scenarios, which is then used to verify that the flare system and associated equipment are adequately designed. Several key topics will be further explored:
By reviewing the flare systems design concern list from these three angles, a plant engineer can ensure that the basis for costly changes is justified.
When a relief systems design project is undertaken, the individual relief device loads are typically gathered first. Once these loads are known, they are entered into a hydraulic analysis tool, and then the flare system is analyzed. However, as with the individual load determinations, there are areas that a plant engineer should review.
Credibility of the scenario. In global scenarios, the process designer typically will review power failures (both a total loss of power and partial power failures), utility failures and large-scale liquid pool fires. All of these scenarios affect multiple systems of equipment and should be considered. The process designer for each individual scenario looks at the underlying scenario to ensure that it is credible. For example:
As previously stated, conservative assumptions for scenarios that are not controlling or that do not have concerns may be acceptable. A plant engineer should review the scenario basis for any global scenarios with concerns. Additionally, the conservative assumptions associated with the sizing of the relief device may not be consistent or even possible, given the specific global scenario being evaluated.
Credibility of the rates. Global overpressure scenarios are often a compilation of relief rates specified as closely related individual relief device scenarios. While these scenarios may have been conservatively estimated and may have generated no concerns, summing multiple systems with conservative rates may result in problems.
In a presentation to the 6th Global Congress on Process Safety, Dustin Smith reported on a refinery-wide review that resulted in a 40% reduction in the design relief rate by reviewing the specified relief loads and eliminating overly conservative assumptions.7 A plant engineer should ensure that the process designer does not simply create a global scenario on the basis of multiple conservative calculations; the designer must also review the system to ensure that rates are reasonable and defensible (and not excessive due to assumptions).
As with the individual relief systems analysis, the scenario assumptions and those used to generate the relief rates make a tremendous impact on the adequacy of the flare system and associated equipment.
Buried assumptions. When sizing individual relief devices, RAGAGEP require that the process designer assumes that the worst case occurs and that all related failures, pump lineups and control valve responses are either neutral or detrimental. For global scenarios, the process designer must assume that the global failure occurs, but the requirement for neutral or detrimental effects is more muted. The following are some examples of buried assumptions typically used:
The plant engineer and process designer should work with personnel that operate the units, and they should review scenario basis and loads for any global scenarios with concerns.
Consistent assumptions. In the definition of global overpressure scenarios and associated rates, the need to ensure consistency is paramount. Many times, the process engineer will assume for one equipment system that a pump was in operation and has failed, while, in the next equipment system, the failure pump was spared and the alternative pump was in operation. For these analyses, consistency across the facility is required, as the goal is to analyze the flare system (vs. the individual relief devices). Some assumptions can result in system-wide inconsistencies:
The plant engineer should review the controlling global scenarios to ensure that the assumptions used are internally consistent.
API Standard 521 allows for the consideration of positive action of instrumentation, operations or other favorable items, as long as the failure of these items is considered.8 Prior to making costly flare system modifications, the plant engineer should review more complex flare system analysis tools to ensure that modifications are justified.
Flare load probability analysis. In a presentation to the 6th Global Congress on Process Safety, Dustin Smith reported on a method to estimate the flare loading probability.7 This method determines the likelihood of loads to the flare system, and it can be used to target instrumented responses and piping modifications. This method demonstrates that analysis of the effects of safeguards and the probability of failure on demand (PFD) of these safeguards can be used to develop the system loading as a function of probability/frequency. Using this information and given an acceptable time frame (e.g., 1 in 100,000 years), the expected flare load is lower than the worst-case scenario.
The authors recently reviewed a refinery where the likelihood of a worst-case load, if a total power failure occurred, was approximately 1 in 100 million years. The design load for 1 in 100,000 years was a fraction of the total load, and it was more consistent with the complexity of the plant, along with the DCS programming and the safety instrumented functions and interlocks recently installed.
Flare quantitative risk assessment. Flare quantitative risk assessment is a way to review each scenario and the perturbations of these scenarios to determine the likelihood of vessel overpressure as a function of frequency.9 This varies from the flare loading probability in that the statistical analysis and hydraulic analysis are coupled; whereas, in the flare loading probability, the flare loading statistical analysis is separate from the hydraulic analysis. In both cases, the plant engineer must ensure that the scenario initiating event frequencies and the PFD of safeguards are reasonable and defensible.
Flare load dynamic simulations. Offering and requesting dynamic flare system designs are becoming increasingly common. Like the other advanced flare analysis techniques, this one increases the complexity of the analysis, thus requiring the facility to increase its understanding of the effects of assumptions on the final answer.10 The basic premise of dynamic simulation is that, by combining the effects of the staged timing of releases and the dynamic pressurization of the flare system, the peak loads and back pressures on system components are reduced. In this method, the plant engineer must ensure that the fundamental assumptions affecting the timing of each system or release are reasonable and defensible, thereby ensuring that the system is properly modeled.
Other techniques. Other methods to analyze flare systems are proprietary to operating companies. All of these methods are designed to account for the probability that either operator intervention or instrumentation will operate, or fail to operate, as desired.
Any method of flare header analysis that is not a worst-case analysis must, therefore, establish some reasonable means of accounting for the positive action of instrumentation or operator intervention to mitigate the worst-case load. The delicate balance between realism and conservativism in flare header design is paramount in creating a safely designed flare header at a reasonable cost.11
When reviewing concerns generated from the relief system or flare design and documentation process, the plant engineer must ensure that each concern is valid and that any resolution requiring physical changes is a justified investment of a facilitys capital. To properly perform this task, it is recommended that a plant engineer understand how a process designer performs the study and review the concerns prior to making physical changes to the facility.
When properly reviewed, upgrades to the flare and relief system from a relief systems analysis can improve the safety of an operating facility. HP
LITERATURE CITED 1 Berwanger, P. C., R. A. Kreder and W. S. Lee, Analysis Identifies Deficiencies in Existing Pressure Relief Systems, Process Safety Progress, Vol. 19, 2000. 2 Smith, D. and J. White, Ensuring safe operations when fulfilling action item requirements, Hydrocarbon Processing, March 15, 2010. 3 Without Safeguards, Pressure Vessels Can Be Deadly, US Chemical Safety Board, Video, 2009. 4 Poje, G. V., A. K. Taylor and I. Rosenthal, Catastrophic Vessel Overpressurization, US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Report No. 1998-002-I-LA, 2000. 5 D. D. Williamson & Co. Inc., Catastrophic Vessel Failure, US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Report No. 2003-11-I-KY, 2004. 6 The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Report No. 2008-06-I-TX, 2011. 7 Smith, D., System Limited Flare Design: A Flare Load Mitigation Technique (with a QRA Case Study), 6th Global Conference on Process Safety, 2010. 8 ANSI/API Standard 521, Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems, American Petroleum Institute, 2008. 9 Kreder, R. A. and P. C. Berwanger, Quantitative AnalysisA Realistic Approach to Relief Header and Flare System Analysis, 2005. 10 Chen, F. F. K., R. A. Jentz and D. G. Williams, Flare System Design: A Case for Dynamic Simulation, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May 1992. 11 Burgess, J., Flare Header Debottlenecking, Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems, Spring Meeting, 2006.
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Lavender Creek Farm grows fields of organic lavender plants. Walk the lavender fields, pick bouquets and browse the plants for sale. Lavender soaps, oils, lotions, candles and more are made at the farmhouse - the old fashioned way!
Leo Donovan Golf Course
Established in 1929, the Leo Donovan Golf Course is an oasis in the city. Beautiful rolling, irrigated terrain combines with water and bunkers to make a 6,168 yard, 18 hole course preferred by golfers with diverse handicaps. Donovan Golf Course is part of the Peoria Park District Golf system.
Linden Hill Farms
Come experience a working dairy farm! Milk a cow, feed the chickens, and just learn what it's like to live on a farm. Located just 8 miles from downtown Peoria. Call today to schedule your tour!
Luthy Botanical Gardens
This beautiful spot features five acres of landscaped gardens including the Woodland Garden, Children's Garden, Herb Garden and several others. Tropical conservatory is open year-round. Outdoor Garden is open 8:30am to dusk year-round. Closed Mondays.
Mackinaw River State Fish and Wildlife Area
This site offers a diversity of landscape covering 1,448 acres over timbered hills, open meadows, and river bottoms. Canoe access enables visitors to float the scenic Mackinaw River. Other activities include fishing, hunting, hiking, and picnicking.
Mackinaw Valley Vineyard
Experience a bit of Napa Valley in Central Illinois. Visit the winery, tasting room and gift shop. Enjoy the panoramic view available for weddings, receptions and meetings.
Madison Golf Course
This 5,332 yard, 18 hole course is conveniently located near West Peoria. It offers level terrain and very few hazards, making it a favorite of senior golfers and those looking for a care-free and relaxing round. Madison is the oldest public golf course in Peoria and it celebrated its 100th birthday in 2009. Blue: yards 5476, rating 64.5, slope 96 White: yards 5332, rating 63.8, slope 92 Red/Gold: yards 5120, rating 67.7/62.8, slope 100/90
Magic Dragon Golf & Games
This state of the art, beautifully landscaped miniature golf course features 18 holes of choice, chance, and challenge, including six holes that are handicapped accessible. With a stream running through the course, it's bound to add some unexpected challenges to your game. Walk through the caboose which serves as hole No. 4. Enjoy the beautiful landscaped eclectic theme of the history of Pekin.
Marshall State Fish and Wildlife Area
Bottomlands and bluffs support a variety of animals, plants, and outdoor pursuits including picnicking, camping, fishing, hunting, and hiking. Migrating waterfowl, great blue herons, and bald eagles provide birders exceptional viewing opportunities.
Metamora Fields Golf Club
An 18-hole D. A. Weibring/Wolfard designed championship golf course with a 25,000 sq-ft clubhouse that offers banquet seating up to 400 people in one room. Introducing a brand new "classic" golf course to the Tri-County area focusing on offering "playable" golf for every skill level. Stunning panoramic views overlooking this links course make for an amazing backdrop for any special event. Our tag line "Where You're Always Welcome" says it all. Hang out for a while in the clubhouse - even if you don't play golf very much but like to watch. We have the very best view of golf in all of Central Illinois from our two level outdoor deck that peers out to the 9th and 18th greens tucked on opposite sides of our beautiful clubhouse chain of lakes. We intentionally brought these two greens as close to the clubhouse as possible so that everyone can enjoy watching golf while relaxing on the decks or inside the clubhouse.
Mt. Hawley Bowl and Castle Golf
At Mt. Hawley Bowl we offer 24 high quality Bruswick Synthetic lanes with easy automatic scoring for family, friends, and league bowling. We make it fun for everyone! Also enjoy our 18 hole outdoor premium mini-golf. Just look for the 30ft Castle!
Newman Golf Course
This 18-hole course provides a great test of golf acumen, with rolling terrain and a superb back nine.
Pavillion on the Lagoon at Mineral Springs Park
This beautiful building built in 1905, serves as the focal point of our community and is available for your group, family or organization's use. Comfortably seating 70 people, the Pavilion is surrounded with windows overlooking the lagoon and a large, wrap-around porch. Weddings, anniversary parties, baby showers, business meetings, and family get-together's are popular. This historic building is equipped with a kitchen area with counters, microwave and refrigerator, air conditioning, and tables and chairs. The Pavilion is handicapped accessible.
Pekin Park District
Facilities include a 4-mile trail, indoor ice-skating rink, horse riding stables, fishing, bocce ball, canoes, bike boats, Frisbee golf course, mini-golf and a lot more.
Peoria Palace Roller Skating Rink
Heart of Illinois' premier roller rink with family entertainment. We feature great food, a party area, live music, big screen TVs, wireless internet access and more. Peoria Palace Skating Rink offers the best in family oriented entertainment that will appeal to all ages! Peoria Palace has a large arcade area with the newest games, and some "Old Skool" classics that offer arcade tickets which can be traded for prizes at the Redemption Center. Choosing healthier lifestyles has become more important and Peoria Palace definitely fits the bill! Research has shown that roller skating burns up to 660 calories an hour! You see not only is skating fun but it's good for your health!!
Peoria Zoo at Glen Oak Park
Open year-round, the Peoria Zoo is home to more than 100 species of animals from around the world. Come see our newest members of the zoo family in Africa! From giraffes and rhinoceros to spider monkeys and lions, the Zoo is the wildest family place in town. In addition to family recreational resources, educational programming and conservation-based programs are top priorities.
Peoria's Grandview Drive "World's Most Beautiful Drive"
This quote from President Teddy Roosevelt describes his 1910 visit to Grandview Drive in Peoria Heights. The vistas gazed upon by the former president still sit upon bluffs unchanged from when the Indians first settled in the area centuries ago. Drive along the two-and-on-half mile drive to see the expansive panoramic view of Woodford, Tazewell and Marshall counties, where on a clear day, visitors can see more than thirty miles of the scenic Illinois River valley.
CITY:Peoria Heights
Quail Meadows Golf Course
Exceptional conditioning makes this championship par 72 course a must for golfers of all abilities in the Peoria area. The front nine is open with water coming into play on three of the holes. After making the turn, more trees come into play as well as the ravine that affects four of the nine holes. Several acres of this course have been converted to naturalized areas that a variety of birds now call home. Both challenging and aesthetic, put golfing Quail Meadows on your list of things to do this year. Located off of Centennial Drive next to the Illinois Central College Campus.
River Trail of Illinois
This 10-foot wide asphalt trail winds 4.8 miles along the former Illinois Terminal Railroad Co. path. Build in 1991, the River Trail provides a safe scenic route for outdoor recreation year round, winter weather permitting. The trail affords patrons the opportunity to experience the natural preservation of wildflowers, grasses, trees and wildlife. With direct access at the Park Administration Center, Bunnell field, and Taylor Street ball diamonds, and in close proximity to Veterans Park, Central Jr. High, West Park, and local restaurants, the River Trail offers something for everyone!
CITY:East Peoria
Riverplex Recreation and Wellness Center
State-of-the-art fitness center, indoor family aquatic center, pro shop, smoothie bar, classrooms, gymnasium, multipurpose recreation area with sports, classes, programs and other activities. Daily user fees or memberships available. Don't forget to also check out our indoor two-story water-slide, lazy river, zero depth pool and splash equipment!
Rock Island Trail State Park
The Rock Island Trail provides 27 miles for hiking, biking, and cross-country skiing. One of the premier rails-to-trails facilities in Illinois, this trail is a sure-fire winner for the entire family.
Shoppes at Grand Prairie
The Shoppes at Grand Prairie ~ a vibrant, open-air lifestyle center in Peoria ~ is the premier dining and shopping destination for the region. The Shoppes features an exciting blend of retailers and restaurants, along with our anchor stores: Bergner's, DSW, Jillian's and Dick's Sporting Goods. The center is highlighted by an inviting, lushly landscaped outdoor environment that features animal sculptures throughout the center, the nationally acclaimed Holocaust Memorial Button exhibit filled with 11 million buttons, the Caterpillar children's play area, and weekend entertainment.
Spirit of Peoria
Take a sightseeing or theme cruise on the Spirit of Peoria, an old-fashioned replica of a 19th-century riverboat that docks at the Peoria RiverFront. Join a one- to five-day overnight excursion to Starved Rock State Park or the St. Louis riverfront and be entertained by live ragtime piano and banjo music, as well as a storyteller sharing river lore, while the Spirit of Peoria paddles along the Illinois River. Stay the night at Starved Rock Lodge and see a show by a Mark Twain interpreter who brings the iconic author to life.
Splashdown at EastSide
The wettest and wildest family water park in Central Illinois. Play in Splashtower Island or ride the lazy river. There's even a splash and play area for the young ones in your family. www.fondulacpark.com
CITY:East Peoria
Splashdown Water Park
Central Illinois' premier family water park is located at the Eastside Centre Sports Complex. Play in Splash Tower Island, ride the lazy river, or spend time in the splash and play area designed for little ones.
CITY:East Peoria
Tanner's Orchard
Central Illinois' most unique farm market. Wagon rides, playground, corn maze, farm animals, Apple Express train. Farm market filled with unique gifts, fresh produce and specialty foods such as jams, salsas, soups, etc. The large bakery provides an assortment of fresh baked goods and a great lunch on weekdays. Lunch served on weekends in September and October from The Old Market Eatery.
The Clubs at River City
Multipurpose health, racquet & fitness facility featuring 12 indoor and 8 outdoor tennis courts, indoor & outdoor pools, yoga, pilates, spinning, body pump, basketball, volleyball, cardiovascular & weight equipment, and youth fitness center are all available. IHRSA passport members welcome!
Three Sisters Park
Three sisters, Sadie, Lillian, and Goldie Cohen, expressed a wish that the 400-acres of farmland located adjacent to the city of Chillicothe, IL be dedicated as park land and a model farm for educational, recreational, and conservational purposes. While the Cohen sisters lived just off Moss Avenue in Peoria, they loved their family farm. Their vision was for the property to remain agriculturally related. The master plan envisions the creation of a living history farm, a central activity building, large festival areas, a welcome center, restaurant, agricultural equipment museum activity area, and outdoor natural amphitheater. The open fields and forested areas offer unique space for special events, concerts and festivals.
WeaverRidge Golf Course
What is perhaps Illinois' most spectacular Championship golf course is set in rolling hills and forested valleys, surrounded by the beautiful homes of WeaverRidge. Masterfully created by Hurdzan-Fry to balance nature with design, it features multiple bent grass tees and fairways, fast and true greens, challenging and dramatic elevations and excellent practice facilities for those wishing to improve their game or just get warmed up before the round. There's also outstanding banquet and outing facilities. Whether you are looking for a place to hold a golf outing, wedding, conference or family gathering, WeaverRidge has what you need! Our restaurant will give you private club service with the beautiful public surroundings. Open 11:00am daily and 10:00am on Sundays for their award winning Sunday Brunch.
Wildlife Prairie Park
A unique, 2,000-acre zoological park which is home to wolves, bison, waterfowl, black bear, elk, cougar, otter, and others. You will enjoy the park's spectacular natural settings, butterfly garden, wildflowers, lakes and restored prairies.
CITY:Hanna City
Woodford State Fish and Wildlife Area
Picturesque bottomland setting with an abundance of silver maple, cottonwood, ash and willow trees. Picnicking, camping, boating, fishing, and hunting add to the visitor's enjoyment.
World on Wheels Segway Tours
Peoria area's only Segway tour and Quadracycle bike rental experience. Offering 30-minute, 1-hour, and 2-hour Segway tours as well as 30-minute Quadracycle bike rides. Gliding with World On Wheels is as fun as it gets. Use them for individual riding or corporate events. Open March thru November, weather permitting. Feel free to call for an appointment. Easy riding for all age levels.
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Tractor Supply Company currently has the following openings in Yuma. Yuma jobs vary from time to time based on our current openings. Please check back often for new Yuma job openings to find a career that is right for you. Thank you for considering a career in Yuma at Tractor Supply Company. For our hourly Team Member positions at our Stores and Distribution Centers, we are always accepting applications, even though we may not always be actively hiring. Because these are high volume jobs, accepting resumes allows us to have an applicant pool ready so we can better serve our customers.
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Illinois law provides for the pollwatchers to be present at the polling place during an election. Pollwatchers are intended to observe the conduct of the election and their prime concern is the integrity and fairness of the election.
Pollwatchers sometimes referred to as challengers, checkers or simply watchers, are election observers who aid in ensuring the free and fair conduct of elections. Pollwatchers may be in the polling place before the polls open, during the actual voting hours and after the polls close. Each pollwatcher must surrender his credentials to the judges when he enters to polling place. The pollwatcher must also sign the POLLWATCHER REGISTER. If an individual refuses to surrender his credentials or if the credentials are not valid, he must leave. ALL credentials remain in the possession of the judges. Credentials are returned to the Election Authority after the polls close.
A pollwatcher must be registered to vote in the state of Illinois and MUST be affiliated with the party or organization he/she is representing.
Pollwatchers may represent established political parties, candidates, qualified organization of citizens or organized proponents or opponents of ballot propositions. Each pollwatcher must have credentials issued by the Grundy County Clerk or The Illinois State Board of Elections. These credentials must be presented by the pollwatcher to the election judges immediately upon entering the polling place.
Further information is available at the State Board of Elections web site www.elections.il.gov
111 E. Washington Street, Room 10, 11, 12
Morris, IL 60450
Clerk Info:
(815) 941-3222
Recording Info:
(815) 941-3224
The information contained on this Web Site was valid at the time of publication. Grundy County staff, officials and authorized agents reserve the right to make changes at any time without notice and assume no liability for damages incurred as a result of errors, omissions or discrepancies.


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Phoronix: Medison Celebrity Laptop Still M.I.A.
Remember the Medison Celebrity Laptop that was advertised as a $150 USD laptop loaded with Fedora Linux? It's still missing in action. It's well over a month now since the Medison Celebrity first appeared on the Internet and led many to wonder if it was really a mordacious scam.


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Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
4/28/2015 6:24:28 AM. For Customer Service, please call
Pickup Check store pickup options
demi brew. Low profile sips coffee, tea, even soup from full bowl of brite white porcelain. Gripped with neat square handle, clean modern design pairs with neutral, solid and patterned dinnerware.


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I have just bought Cubasis for my IPAD 3 today, plugged in my guitar and inserted a distortion effect or the amp modeller.
BUT : Lots of quantisation noise there !!
Very disappointing !
I'm not having such noise with garage band and the build in amp modellers.
I'm using the Line6 Mobile In adapter for audio in.
Where's the problem ? Is Cubasis only 16 bit ?
I can't find any hints in the manual or product site about the internal resolution.
If its only 16 bit I will cancel my order and give it back.


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Found 1 holiday homes in Nadi
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Absolute Beachfront + Vehicle
Nadi Bay, Nadi, Fiji
- #28650 -
- Nadi -
- Bach or holiday home
Absolute beachfront huge luxurious house with beautiful views of Nadi Bay overlooking a private beach, the ocean, and the mountains!... [More]
- 10people (max)
- 4bedroom
- 3bathroom
- kids Ok
- pets Ok
View allFeatured competitions
Win tickets to An Evening with Noel Fielding in Christchurch
Have a laugh on us: An Evening with Noel Fielding (from The Mighty Boosh), at the Isaac Theatre Royal. It promises to be anything but a normal evening!... [More]
View allFeatured guides
Guide to New Zealand's top wine regions
Which wine region will you escape to?... [More]
Snow guide: Mt Ruapehu
Rising dramatically 2797m out of the Central Plateau, this vast volcanic beauty has two commercial ski areas and a friendly little club field.... [More]
A guide to hot pools and spa resorts
While icy rain is pouring from the heavens, or the hot sun's filtering through the trees, there are few more relaxing indulgences than spa treatments or the therapeutic waters of mineral hot pools.... [More]
View allFeatured Events
Suzuki Desert Storm 2015
Ruapehu | Sat 9 May 2015 to Sun 10 May 2015
"We want to be free to do what we want to do. We want to be free to ride..." Get to Mount Ruapehu for the ultimate 2 day trail ride - vrooom....... [More]
Million Dollar Snapper Challenge
Hauraki Gulf and Auckland | Fri 22 May 2015 to Sun 31 May 2015
Ten full days of fishing allowing you to fish when you want - and be in to win a boat, a ute or $1,000,000.... [More]
The Mitre 10 Mega Bay of Islands Bathtub Racing Classic
Te Ti Beach, Paihia. | Sat 9 May 2015
It's fast, it's furious, it's completely bonkers - catch the bathtub racing and stay on for the Powerboat Race Series, Country rock festival and Mothers' Day Fun Run.... [More]
View allFeatured stories
A Schoolhouse Amongst the Vines
From schoolhouse to luxurious cottage - a tale of transformation at Kina Beach Vineyard.... [More]
The Story of Wildside Lodge, West Coast
Wildside Lodge is a labour of love, a rustic, hand-crafted beauty which evolved through Dan and Kath Lane's philosophy and need for using resources that were locally available and free, or at least recycled and cheap!... [More]
Golden Days at Big Bay
Fond memories of bach holidays at Big Bay in the 1940s - long drops, meat safes, sackfuls of seafood and a great community.... [More]


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Learn to quilt continuous line designs such as fillers, all-overs, borders and stand alone motifs without spending your time tying off and burying tedious threads! Follow continuous line patterns along with award-winning quilter Ann Petersen as you quilt a sampler with stipples, hearts, leaves, stars, snowflakes and more! With Ann's guidance, you'll feel comfortable turning non-continuous line designs into continuous ones in no time.
Meet Ann, learn how to follow and transfer continuous line quilting diagrams, and get a feel for stitching out your work.
"Ann Petersen is a great teacher. She is responsive to questions and carefully builds our skill level as she proceeds from lesson to lesson. Now I have the confidence to make my free motion quilting continuous and I look forward to practicing writing my name."
- Mary FK
Illinois and Maine
Skill Building | |
Quilting | |
Closed Captioned


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This 5K/10k year round walk is rated 1A. It is a mall walk and is suitable for strollers and wheelchairs. Walk 10 times around the inside of the mall for…
101.9 KING Events
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Cheyenne High Plains Wanderers Capitol Walk
This 5K/10k year round walk is rated 3A. Trail is on city streets, no hills. Highlights of 10K include city park, historic railroad depot, State office buildings complex, cemetery, Liberty…
"Art as Work, Work as Art" Wyoming's New Deal Legacy Temporary Exhibit
President Roosevelt's "New Deal" program helped to create and protect a variety of art and architecture throughout the United State. This exhibit features photographs and displays of New Deal art…
Fridays on the Plaza
Join us every Friday as we listen to free entertainment and enjoy some great beer! Location: Depot Plaza Contact Information: 307-632-3905 send an email