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There are no translations available. Homeopathic Materia Medica by DunhamMATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS( )In the exercise of any art which involves the use of tools or implements of any kind, the first condition essential to success is this: That the scope and limits of the art be clearly defined and well understood, in order that no attempt may be made to exercise the art under circumstances which do not call for it, and which would necessarily preclude success. A second condition no less essential is a thorough familiarity with the tools or implements of the art; the origin, nature, powers and capabilities of each, and their relations to each other. This knowledge will teach us properly to select our tools according to the work we have to perform. The problems before the artisan, then, are these:
The practitioner of medicine, in the exercise of his profession, performs many functions. He may act simply as a diagnosticator of disease, detecting and explaining the seat and effects of disease, but without undertaking to treat it. Or, if he undertake to restore the sick to health, he may act simply as a surgeon, employing mechanical means alone, doing, as the etymology of the word surgeon or chirurgeon implies, handiwork. Or, he may act as the chemist, antidoting by chemical re-agents, noxious substances that are acting injuriously upon the body. Or, he may act as hygienist, bringing the laws of physiology to bear upon the regimen of his patient, and so ordering his mode of life as to eliminate the discoverable cause of disease. Or, finally, he may act as a therapeutist, by introducing into the organism of the patient certain substances from the external world which have the power of producing special modifications in the condition of the organism; and by means of these modifications he aims to cause the diseased action of the organism to cease and to be supplanted by the normal healthy action. It is only with the practitioner of medicine in his last-named capacity, viz., as therapeutist, or curer of disease by means of drugs, that we have to do in the study of the sciences of materia medica and therapeutics. The practitioner of medicine, in this capacity, employs certain tools or implements called drugs. These are the tools of his art. The problems before him are to determine:
The first of these problems, viz.: When and under what circumstances are drugs to be employed in taking care of the sick ? has met with a variety of practical answers at different periods in medical history. At one time by a certain class of physicians, as is well known, drugs were universally and most lavishly employed in all cases of sickness. Another school in our own day goes to the opposite extreme of denying the power of drugs to control the course or result of disease, and altogether abstains from using them. Between these extremes there are all degrees of opinion and practice. One might think that as this is a practical question, it might be settled by an appeal to experiment. But it is obvious that no experiments can be decisive, unless the experimenters agree upon the mode of making them. Two series of experiments cannot be compared unless their conditions are identical. If one carpenter should use a plane to make smooth the surface of a plank, and another should use a gouge for the same purpose, these two artisans, on comparing results, would be found to have formed very different opinions respecting the efficiency of tools. Now, it is notorious that physicians have been altogether at variance in respect of the principles upon which drugs should be selected and the mode in which they should be used in treating disease. This will account for the unsettled state of the problem we are considering. As has been said, there is an influential school of medicine—the expectant or physiological—which professes to abstain altogether from the use of drugs. Some advocates of this school argue, upon theoretical physiological grounds, that it is impossible for drugs to alter the course of action upon which the organism has entered in disease; that the organism must be allowed to carry out this course of action to its physiological conclusions,—indeed cannot be prevented from so doing. The fallacy of these arguments will be shown hereafter. Others of this school point to the great successes of homeopathic and hydropathic physicians as proofs that drugs are a mischief and a mischief only. But this argument rests on the erroneous assumption that homeopathists use no drugs. The legitimate conclusion from the successes of homeopathists and hydropathists is, that drugs unnecessarily and wrongly used are potent for evil; and the practical lesson to be drawn from this conclusion is, that it is a matter of the first importance to learn when it is necessary to use drugs and how to select and use the right drug for each case. When called upon to take charge of a sick person, the first business of the practitioner is to make a diagnosis,—in homely words, to find out what ails the sufferer. The prognosis follows upon the diagnosis, and may be called a part of it. In doing this the practitioner observes the objective condition and surroundings of the patient, hears his subjective symptoms from the patient himself if he is able to state them, or from his friends; and listens to the previous history of the case He inquires into the previous habits and occupations of the patient, ascertains whether he has been subjected to exposure or fatigue of mind or body, has been in the way of contagions or miasms of any kind, has been guilty of excesses or subjected to privations. Again, he looks for indications of any taint of constitution, any morbid diathesis inherited or acquired. In this way he endeavors to add to direct observations of the patient's present condition a knowledge of the predisposing and exciting causes of the disease under which he is laboring. Upon these data he forms his diagnosis. And up to a certain point his treatment is governed by his diagnosis. If, for instance, he finds the patient lying at the point of death from a mortal wound, or from cerebral apoplexy, or from whatever cause, he can do no more than communicate to the friends his diagnosis and prognosis, his view of the nature of the disease and his prediction of its course and termination, and leave the patient to their kind offices. Or if he find a wound, a fracture, a hernia, his diagnosis will be made accordingly; and, whatever his prognosis, he will employ the appropriate surgical means for closing the wound, adjusting the fractured parts, or reducing the hernia; and herewith, if there be no complication, his business will come to an end. Or if, again, he find as the exciting cause of the disease, some violation of the laws of health, his first business will be to cause this violation to cease. If it have been an error in diet, the diet must be regulated. If an unduly small or unduly great amount of exercise, this must be corrected; if an improper exposure to heat or cold, light or darkness, this must be adjusted; excesses must be curbed, deficiencies made up. In a great many cases, such an attention as this to the hygienic needs of the body will suffice to restore the patient's health. In every case it is to be the first concern of the physician ; for, you may be well assured, without this care all administration of drugs will be in vain. How to do in detail all that has been briefly alluded to as the duty of the practitioner in certain specified and in all similar cases, will be taught from the chairs of surgery, physiology, chemistry, and theory and practice. But from each of these chairs save that of chemistry, and, above all, from the chair of pathology, it will every day be taught that in a large number, I might say in a large majority, of cases of sickness, no amount of attention to the hygienic needs of the patient will be sufficient to put an end to his illness and restore him" to health. Should his habits be regulated with the strictest observance of physiological laws, there will still be observed in him a diseased action of the organism, which, unless arrested or changed into a healthy action, will result in some kind of injury or deformity of one or more organs of the body, or may result in death. Now, since in the case supposed the procedures of hygiene have failed to effect this necessary change of the morbid action into healthy action; since, although the conditions and surroundings and diet and habits of the patient are just what they should be, nevertheless the disease continues to progress and to injure or even destroy the organs of his body, we must either leave him to his fate, trust to nature to cure him — a cruel step-mother, as I shall show, sometimes called kind and benignant, but only so because less cruel than a false and monstrous system of therapeutics, now happily declining,— I say we must leave him to his fate, or else we must find some particular means of bringing to bear on the diseased organism an influence capable of converting its morbid action into healthy action. An influence of this kind is that which is exerted by drugs. Cases requiring the exercise of this influence,—cases in which hygiene has failed, or in which experience has shown that hygiene will fail, to arrest the morbid action of the organism,—these are the province of therapeutics, these are the cases in which drugs should be employed. This may be made more clear by illustrations. Suppose a case of inflammation of the lungs. The patient is seen in the first stage, that of congestion. The physician ascertains the exciting cause, which has probably been undue exposure to cold winds or to a wet atmosphere, conjoined to a predisposing weakness of the lungs. All means are at once employed to adjust the temperature of the apartment, so as to supplement the deficiency of heat, by which in part the malady was induced. Experience has abundantly demonstrated that this care will not be sufficient to restore the lung to its normal state. Pathology teaches that in this stage the capillaries of the lungs are gorged to their utmost capacity; that the blood has almost if not altogether ceased to course through these capillaries; that the lining membrane of the air-cell in the part affected has ceased to perform its normal function; and that if this state of things continue, the membrane of capillaries and air-cells will assume a new function and will pour out an exudation which will fill up and obliterate the air-cell. If, in this state of things, we could bring to bear upon the patient some influence capable of acting just exactly upon the part affected by the disease, and of so acting as to resolve this stasis and set the blood in motion again; thus to relieve the gorged capillaries and to restore to the membrane of the air-cell the peculiar power which nature gave it, this influence would promptly effect a cure. It is an influence of this kind which we exert when we give a drug which is a specific for any diseased condition. And the object of the science of materia medica is to discover drugs which possess properties of this character, to ascertain the particular properties of each drug, and to learn how to give each drug in just those cases in which its peculiar properties will enable it to exercise such an influence as has been described. If, in the case of inflammation of the lungs which has been supposed, we know of no such drug, but leave the case to nature, as the saying is, why then, either the inflammation and the consequent exudation are so extensive as to consolidate a larger part of the lung than the patient can spare, and death follows; or else after a long and tedious illness the exudation ceases to be poured out, and then becomes more or less completely absorbed again. This absorption, however, is rarely complete. The lung is left more or less consolidated and unfit for purposes of respiration, and more or less prone to the formation of secondary abscesses or of a nidus for the deposit of tubercle, while the patient goes forth again more or less a cripple in his respiratory organs. Such is the benignity of nature, to whose curative power we are counseled to intrust our patients rather than endeavor to produce specific cures by means of drugs. Let us meet, at once and for all, this question of nature as the great curer, superseding all the appliances of art. How does nature amputate a limb ? First she rots the skin, then she rots the muscles, then she rots the fasciae and the vessels and the nerves, leaving them hanging out from the stump ; last of all, after a long period, the bone, becoming dead and brittle, by some happy chance gets broken off. There is left a conical stump that will not bear to be touched, that will not tolerate an artificial limb, that is a torment to the patient, if indeed the months of suffering which the operation involves, or the drain of the constant discharges have not before this time carried him off. Compare this process and result with the expeditious amputations, the convenient stumps and the shapely and helpful artificial limbs of modern surgery ! Dr. John Ware says that "the business of the medical practitioner is to stand between the patient and his friends and prevent the latter from interfering with the processes of nature !" He would not think of applying this doctrine to the case of amputation! But he can be justified in applying it to cases of internal disease only on the assumption that he has as yet no knowledge of any better method than nature's. If this be so, then it should be stated as a fact affecting present time only, not laid down as a principle to hold good forever! How does nature relieve a non-inflammatory congestion of the lung ? By opening a blood-vessel into one of the air-tubes and causing an haemoptysis. We very well know the ordinary sequelae of pulmonary haemorrhage, and how few are they who escape its termination in consumption! Is nature to be imitated in this? How does nature cure a surplus of acid in the blood? By deposits in the joints, inflaming their synovial membranes and destroying the function of the joints, or by deposits in the kidneys or bladder causing nephritis or cystitis or calculi, or both. Shall we, from a superstitious devotion to nature, withhold ourselves from seeking out a better mode of cure? It may be objected that this is not a fair statement of the doctrine which is, that we are to imitate nature, not in her mode of eliminating the proximate cause of the disease, but in the fact of its elimination. This reduces nature's teaching to the simple lesson that we are to "get rid of what annoys us," leaving us to find out the ways and means. So axiomatic a piece of advice as this would hardly seem to call for the admiration which has been expended on "nature, the great healer of diseases!" The manner in which it has been proposed to imitate nature in the cases alluded to is this: Whereas in case of pulmonary congestion, she abstracts blood from the lungs, the doctors take it from the arm; whereas she gets rid of the excess of acid in the blood by pouring it into the joints and the kidneys, the doctors neutralize it by introducing an alkali into the blood. But the result of this indirect imitation of nature does not differ much from that of a direct imitation. The cause of the pulmonary congestion being left unaffected, this congestion continues to be produced, notwithstanding that the doctor abstracts blood from the arm to relieve it. The continued congestion exhausts the patient by interfering with respiration. The doctor at the same time exhausts him, taking away his blood to cure the ever-reproduced congestion. Between disease and doctor the patient dies! And in this termination, there is still an imitation of nature! For does not nature put an end to the life of every living creature ? Let us take a higher view of these matters. Let us take a lesson from the Creator alike of ourselves and of that which we call nature! Man comes into the world the most helpless of all living creatures, the feeblest, apparently the least provided for. If we look no higher than to the operations of external nature, we should say that his race must perish from off the earth, a victim of cold, of starvation, of maladies to which more than any other creature he is subject. The very opposite of all this happens. Every apparent law of nature is controverted. Man, the feeblest creature, dominates the earth. Every animal is subject to him. The three kingdoms of nature, throughout the globe, minister to his needs. How comes this contradiction ? By the exercise of the intellectual faculties with which man has been endowed, man the feeble becomes mighty. Naked, he clothes himself with the spoils of animal and vegetable creation. Surrounded by crude food,, yet unable to digest it in its natural state, his inventive faculties contrive for him the means of converting raw flesh and crude vegetables into delicate and savory nutriment, for which he gathers condiments from the ends of the earth. An easy victim of a host of miasms, he is endowed with intelligence to discover and with energy to procure, from distant climes if need be, specific remedies for the cure of every malady and the alleviation of every physical suffering. That he has to some extent succeeded in applying this intelligence to this beneficent end, is a guarantee of a success that may increase until we shall have a remedy for every ailment. That we hitherto lack a great number of specifics, this fact, instead of throwing us back into that stolid reliance upon nature, that stolid submission to the ills of our original state which is characteristic of the unenlightened savage, may well incite us to renewed exertions in this path of investigation and discovery so fruitful of blessings to our race! To return now from this digression, we perceive that our first question may be answered as follows: Drugs are to be used in cases in which disease persists after the employment of such mechanical, chemical or hygienic means, or all of them, as the laws of physiology may indicate, shall have proved ineffectual or insufficient to change the morbid action of the organism into a healthy action. The employment of drugs must always be secondary and subordinate to a resort to hygienic measures. Having thus determined when drugs are to be employed, viz.: when, after the exciting causes of disease have been removed, the disease still persists, and when some special influence from without the body is needed to bring it back into the way of healthy action, we come now to the second problem, viz. : What is the nature of drugs in general, and how to ascertain the nature and properties of each particular drug. The organism is made up of organs which perform their functions by virtue of a susceptibility which the tissues of which they are composed possess to certain stimuli which are necessary to life, and which are called general stimuli. These general stimuli are light, heat, electricity, air, moisture, aliment. The tissues of the lung are endowed with a susceptibility to the atmospheric air which acts as a stimulus to them, and under the influence of which they perform the function of respiration. If this stimulus be withdrawn, the lungs cease to perform this function, and the animal perishes. If the quantity or quality of this stimulus be much altered, the function is performed in an unnatural or diseased manner, and sickness results. Heat is also a stimulus to the lungs as well as to other organs. Aliment is a stimulus to the digestive apparatus. Instances of this kind might be multiplied. Now, it is well understood that when one of these stimuli has been in excess or in deficit, and consequently the function of the corresponding organ or apparatus comes to be abnormally performed, it will often be sufficient to re-adjust the proportion of the stimuli, for the organism to recur to its normal condition. To accomplish this re-adjustment is the task of the science of hygiene. But, furthermore, it is also well known, as has been already stated, that hygiene, though it may with perfect nicety re-adjust the proportions of the general stimuli by virtue of which life goes on, is not always able by this re-adjustment to restore the organism to its former healthy condition. The organ or apparatus, which, through some deficiency or excess or perversion of some stimulus or other, became diseased, will often remain diseased after hygiene has corrected the disproportioned stimulus. Permanent disease exists, and hygiene has done all it can do. In this state of things we are powerless unless we can bring to bear upon the diseased organ some influence which may have the power to directly convert its diseased action into the pristine healthy action. This, it will be conceded, is the desideratum and this must, in some way or other, be accomplished. The substances in which such influences reside are what we call drugs. We now perceive the two requisite conditions for the successful employment of drugs in treating sickness. 1. We must possess substances which are capable of exerting such an influence upon the different organs of the body as to be able to produce definite changes in the mode of action of these organs: and 2. We must know how to apply this knowledge of the action of drugs to particular cases of sickness. As a consequence of what has been said, then, a drug may, in general, be defined as being any substance which is capable of changing or definitely modifying the mode in which any organ or system of the body performs its functions, or of changing or modifying the tissues of the body. The study of materia medica is the study of the nature and properties of drugs. Mow, then, are these to be ascertained? It may not be unprofitable to glance briefly at the history of the materia medica at this point. There was a time when it was supposed that the properties of drugs were indicated by their physical properties, their color, odor, shape or taste. Thus, aloes, from the yellow color of its solution and from its bitter taste, was conceived to act pre-eminently upon the liver. This was the famous doctrine of the Signature, most groundless and fanciful, and yet, like every other visionary notion, it was not without some semblance of support in analogy. The chemical properties of substances furnished another supposed means of ascertaining their supposed properties as drugs. If they were to be employed as chemical re-agents in the cure of disease nothing could be more rational. But it must be remembered that we know but little about the chemistry of disease; indeed, that chemistry deals only with the results of organic action, while we aim, by the action of drugs, to modify organic action itself. Furthermore, experience shows us that sub-stances possessing analogous chemical action produce very different effects as drugs. And, finally, when we come to the vegetable kingdom, we find the chemical composition and reactions of the different varieties to be nearly identical, while their action upon the vital organism is as various as could be imagined. But leaving the history of materia medica, let us ask ourselves again what it is that we seek? To find out the properties of substances that we suppose to be drugs, to ascertain whether substances which we are investigating be really drugs or not, I. E., whether they be capable of modifying the action of the organs of the body. What method so direct, so simple, so certain, as to test them on the living body; not on the lower animals, for these are often variously affected by drugs; but on the human beings for whose benefit they are to be employed as medicines. But shall they be tested on the sick? This might be regarded as hardly justifiable, or if it were justifiable, it would be difficult to draw an inference from the action upon one case of sickness respecting its action upon another case of sickness; since each case of sickness is different from every other case. And then again, if we were to gain knowledge of drugs only by experimenting on the sick, and this knowledge were to serve us only in case we should meet a similar case of sickness again, our knowledge would be always too late to be of service. We should know well what had happened, but should have no store of general knowledge ready for any case that might occur. It is a general rule in physics, that when we try an experiment we should have every element that enters into the experiment in as normal a condition as possible. This can only be done if we experiment on the body in health. Accordingly, all trustworthy and useful knowledge of drugs has been obtained by experiments upon the healthy subject. Such experiments are what we call provings of drugs. They are made by greater or less numbers of independent observers. The coincidences of effects observed by independent provers are cheering evidences of the correctness of this method. By the application of physiological knowledge to the results of these provings, a more or less complete appreciation of the action of a drug may be gathered. It is in this way that we ascertain the nature and properties of drugs. The special method and importance of drug-proving will form the subject of a future lecture.


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Posted on 8/6/2013 by N.Tuchina
Enjoy a special hour of original music and landscape photography by local artists, Joy Reavis and Scott Gibbs. Joy is a classically trained pianist/composer who will perform original works while you view Scott's views from NC, the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, and more! Don't miss it!
"My desire is that you find my music both soothing and restorative. Most of us lead such hectic, stressful lives that we need to reserve more time for ourselves" (Joy Britt Reavis). Visit joybrittreavis.com to learn more about our guest-musician.
Free concert. No registration required.
Call 336-703-2990 for more information.
Walkertown Branch Library Auditorium
Monday, August 12th, at 7 pm
2969 Main St Walkertown NC 27051
Click here for driving directions
Photo courtesy of Zumwalt Photography
201 North Chestnut Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 (336) 703-BOOK (2665) (336) 727-2549 FAX


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Click to return to | Baseball-Cards.com Vintage Topps & Bowman cards with Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays |
1995 Collector's Edge 'EdgeTech' QUANTUM Die-Cuts #4 Emmitt Smith Football cardPrice = $ 19.95
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1967 Topps WHO AM I ?NM/MINT to MINT COMPLETE 1976 Crane Potato Chip Football Discs Set.It's easy to see why the 1967 Topps "Who Am I? set is a favorite of both sports and non- sport collectors. The set's 44 cards feature mostly important figures from world history but what makes this set even more popular was the inclusion of 4 of baseball's most popular players: Babe Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Willie Mays and Sandy Koufax !!! The players picture on the front is covered with a scratch-off disguise with silly, exaggerated features like hair, moustaches, hats, noses... and clues to help kids identify the famous person pictured. The backs contained additional clues and instructions to "Scratch off disguise on front to discover Who I Am. Use a coin or fingernail." Cards with their scratch-off coating intact are worth many, many times cards with the coatings removed. For example, NM/MINT Babe Ruth with the coating is in the $200-$400 range while a NM/MINT Ruth with the coating removed is closer to $25.
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1971 O-Pee-Chee BaseballAlso referred to as OPC or Topps Canada, most vintage OPC sets were near replicas of the Topps cards from that year. Exactly same in design they usually only differed with the addition of French to the backs and some fronts.To the benefit of collector's OPC made several changes in their 1971 set. The most obvious and useful was a complete redesign of the card backs and the addition of another player photo ! Additionly, over 20 cards were changed including the inclusion of what could be considered the first "Traded" cards. Another difference: Topps cards #202 and #289 were changed to allow the addition of 2 more Expos to the set. The 1971 OPC set is legendary for its short print run, estimated at perhaps just 5% of Topps' Production. This issue is considered quite elusive, even in Canada. TOP ROOKIE: Steve Garvey TOP STARS: Nolan Ryan, Roberto Clemente, Willie Mays, Hank Aaron, Ernie Banks, Pete Rose, Ted Williams, Thurman Munson, Reggie Jackson, Don Baylor/Dusty Baker RC & MORE !!!
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Phoronix: Open-Source Doom 3 BFG Ported To Linux
Id Software released Doom 3 BFG Edition back in October as a re-release of Doom 3 with improved graphics, better audio support, 3D display handling, and other features to enhance the popular eight year old first person shooter. There wasn't a Linux client for Doom 3 BFG unlike the original release, but with the recent open-source release, it's now been ported to Linux...
Will Id sell or redistribute client for Linux if community will make it?
Well done! Now let's get the sound and videos to work and we're all set! Thank you for porting.


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Marion - 16204 Sussex, NJ 12/22/2014 8:28:16 AM When will we be able to post and up-load video's again? Will we ever be able too???
Lorna - 277613 Poplarfield, MB 10/19/2014 11:56:32 AM How do we share videos on DC now? Can not get the link to work! : (


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QuickPanel: Digital Cocooning
With our eyes on our screens more and more, what's happening to our public spaces? Are they less congenial, less bustling, less safe? A number of recent books, such as The Circle by Dave Eggers and Ambient Commons by Malcolm McCullough, cast a critical eye at an always-online society. And, in a tragic turn, a San Francisco State University student was killed in September while leaving a crowded train; passengers, engrossed in their devices, hadn't noticed a man on the train waving a gun around. We asked a panel of UX experts to weigh in on the ramifications of digital cocooning.
With smartphones, we walk around with the capacity to be talking, texting, or tweeting with one another all the time. Yet we're missing out on what's happening right in front of us. Why does social media make us, in some sense, antisocial?
Christina Wodtke: Everyone is talking about our need to be connected all the time, but no one (as far as I've seen) is talking about our increasing cocooning of ourselves from each other. The police procedural constantly provides us examples of bad things that can happen to us, with shows like "CSI" illustrating that apparently safe people can become our kidnappers and killers. But to be continually hyper-alert is exhausting. So instead we put up digital "do not disturb" signs so we don't have to deal with strangers, which makes us more vulnerable to significant harm.
They also shield us from the petty guilt of not helping our fellow humans who are less fortunate, such as the homeless and old folks in need of a seat. In San Francisco, where a recent shooting occurred, one is continually asked for money. Even the kindest of us can't give to everyone who asks, so it becomes easier to hide.
Randy Farmer: Attention is a scarce resource, and it can be dangerous to focus inwardly all the time. I first noticed this before smartphones. Airports used to be social/public spaces (and I liked to spend time interacting with people there) before cell phones and Bluetooth headsets. Now, time spent at airports is seen as "down time" that could be more efficiently used for business/personal relationships (texting), so these public, "third" places are quickly losing their efficacy as a way to interact with the greater community. And it's only getting worse. The FAA is allowing more use of electronics on flights, and all the parks in NYC have Wi-Fi.
"Down time" used to mean a chance to relax and look around. Now it's considered "dead time" that needs to be filled. Heads up has become heads down. Sad.
Down time used to mean a chance to relax … Now it's considered dead time that needs to be filled
Brenda Laurel: At the memorial of the 50th anniversary of the death of Martin Luther King, we saw King's great speech at the Lincoln Memorial over and over again. I was haunted by a picture of what that moment would have looked like today. Everybody would be taking pictures or texting with their phones. Dr. King might himself have felt isolated. To paraphrase Cassius in Julius Caesar, the fault is not with our cellphones but with ourselves. This is a failure of civility—of plain old manners—as well as a failure of mindfulness. As interaction designers (paradoxically), I think we can make some interventions in this space.
What are some design approaches that could mitigate the effects of digital cocooning?
Christina Wodtke: Design could help this problem in a myriad of ways, from having a "public place" setting that allowed only audio or only visual. When I run or bike, I only listen to porous audio like podcasts so I am alert enough to react to danger. Once we shut off our ears and eyes, we are utterly defenseless. The iPhone already has a "do not disturb" setting; maybe it's time for a "please disturb" setting.
Design could also help in a much more significant way by reminding us of the humanity of our fellow passengers and making sure places like trains and subway read as safe so people would not feel such a strong urge to psychically hide. Ride a Skytrain in Bangkok. Bangkok has the same degree of homelessness and crime, same varied socioeconomic status of riders, yet the Skytrain feels safe and a only handful of folks hide in electronics. The trains are well designed, well maintained, and comfortable, with many signs reminding you to give seats to children, pregnant ladies, older folks, and monks. As well, there is always a TV on, and while in Bangkok it only shows commercials, I can imagine a world in which news or sports are shown as well, encouraging people to be eyes up. When places feel safe, we can relax and people-watch, and this makes those places even safer. Jane Jacobs, in her amazing treatise The Death and Life of Great American Cities, points out that what makes a place safe is "eyes on the street." Our public transit needs eyes on each other to keep each other safe.
Randy Farmer: Though technology has been developed to prod us into changing new potentially harmful behaviors (such as smartphones auto-disabling texting while moving in a vehicle), it's no replacement for changing our culture.
We need to consider designing our environments to remind and teach us how to interact and consciously seek "down time." Some businesses have taken on the role of etiquette guardians:
Brenda Laurel: Both Christina and Randy make good points. I imagine "public interactives" that might allow us to see together our own public environments and gatherings in different ways. Mindfulness meditation apps already exist (for example, Smiling Mind and Take a Deep Breath). Beyond this, design applications or environment remind us to breathe and be present.
Do you engage with strangers when you're in a "third space"—standing in line at the post office, waiting out an airplane delay? Or, in those cases, are you grateful to have an electronic device at hand?
Christina Wodtke: Most of the time, my biggest fear is being put into that situation. I'm intensely introverted. On a recent flight back from Prague, the entertainment system was not working. When the food heating system also broke, my neighbors and I started talking. We ended up connecting, but it took a shared misery. As well, it helped that I was playing a game on my iPad. The iPad is a big surface, easy to peek at, and games are inherently social. If I had been watching a movie, especially if I'd had headphones on, my seatmate wouldn't have used the game as a social object to start a conversation. He was really interested in watching me play Frontier Rush, asked about how to play, and started to suggest moves I should make. (He was a man in his '70s whose wife was trying to talk him into an iPad. I made the sale that night.) I wonder if the post office or the airlines could create similar play spaces where it would feel safe to connect.
Randy Farmer: Recently I was in a fast-food restaurant and an older woman came in, looking lost and asking for driving directions. The twenty-year-old at the register was at a loss for helping her, even though I am certain he was carrying a smartphone. I was waiting for my order, so he asked me to help her. I quickly loaded my maps app and told her the step-by-step directions (which she wrote with pencil on her physical map). The cashier was grateful and a bit embarrassed that he didn't know the directions (how would he, growing up without paper maps?) and that he didn't even know how to handle the social encounter well enough to figure out that he had the solution in his pocket.
Our tools are teaching us a new kind of social helplessness, and also providing us an easy means for escape when we can't cope with the fact we're directly interacting less and less. This is a vicious spiral.
Social rules design has helped in the past and can help us today. Our technologies can, and must, take a role in this, but we must start with the goal in mind. We've started using tech for physical exercise, something that was also declining, and we can do the same for social health. One might imagine a Fitbit for socialization. Or you could just get a t-shirt:
Brenda Laurel: Randy, I want one of those. I do see many folks staring at their phones when waiting in line and the like. I love observing and talking to people in those situations, so I rarely bury my head. On the other hand, if the wait is two hours or something, I'll certainly end up grabbing my iPhone. I agree with Randy that this is really about socialization. I don't think we can design social "rules" (although we might model more civil and sociable societies in things like multiplayer games).
One of the best social times I've had lately was at the LGBT luncheon at the Grace Hopper Conference. It seemed like the usual conference lunch scene—sitting next to people you didn't know, some of whom knew one another. But the "emcee" suggested topics for discussion and eventually we got into making comments to one another publicly on a variety of subjects. I felt the community draw closer, and I had special buddies throughout the conference because of that experience. At Grace Hopper I also learned about "lean in" circles as a way to enhance our engagement in discourse as well as community.
Like what our experts had to say? You can have them bring their brains to you. Randy Farmer, Brenda Laurel, and Christina Wodtke are available for consulting and training through Rosenfeld Media.
Image of silkworm cocoon courtesy Shutterstock.
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Here in Tokyo, the same question has been highlighted in a recent PSA campaign done by the Japan Advertising Council (e.g., http://www.ad-c.or.jp/campaign/nhk/01/). The ad not only hints at the inherent dangers in swiping while strolling, but also about the issue of whether our larger social fabric is being frayed. In other parts of the globe, we see people chuckling at films like "I Forgot My Phone" (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OINa46HeWg8).
Perhaps the question isn't quite about whether technology/social media makes us "antisocial," rather about what it means to be "connected" in this day and age.
I was doing some work at Gogo last year (wifi in airplanes), and one of the ideas the team generated was creating community within the group of people on the plane. Making passengers aware that the very people around them have knowledge that they need--like "what's the best cookie shop at the Denver airport, while I'm waiting for my next flight?" or "I've got a six-hour layover in SFO--can I go do anything fun within that time and still get back to the airport in time, with security?" Someone on the plane who lives in San Francisco and is a foodie might mention a restaurant that can be reached fairly easily, and recommend a certain dish there. I was intrigued by the idea of community within a plane. It could be true of any group of people stuck in some space together for an amount of time.
Indi - Anne and I were just on a tour of New Zeland's Milford Sound. A van picked us up at 7:45 am. Ridiculously early. And we had already had to smile and make chitchat with our B&B hosts. As introverts and not-morning people, this was gonna put me into grumpy mode pretty easily. The rest of the van was one group! Oh no, two of us and 8 of them. From some other country. With their own travel norms and in-references and beyond.
Actually, everyone just sat quietly for the few hours while the driver with his headset gently and patiently let us hang out alone or pointed things out or did stops. We went our separate ways on the boat tour and then met the van afterwards. And having completed a peak experience there was a slight but notable thawing of the group. The little girls were louder with their silliness. We snickered at something cute they did. At another stop, we took pictures next to each other and made a comment and then got a response. At one short hike, we stopped and chatted. Back in the van, we compared notes on our respective home cities. While the driver continued to play a gentle host role.
While we didn't get names or swap Facebook info, it was neat to see the way the group dynamic shifted so there was a sense of a shared experience rather than a set of parallel experiences. I think the ingredients were time (a long day), a specific shared event that gave us a before and an after, smaller shared events, and the gentle and friendly tone of the host (who I imagine adapts his energy to suit the different clients he might have with him on any day).


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Welcome to the Chester Fourth of July Parade
"Mountain Memories Old and New" is the theme of the 92nd annual Chester Fourth of July Parade.
The event, which was originally hosted by Chester Ladies Club, is now under the domain of the Lake Almanor Area Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Bureau.
Leading the all-volunteer team for the second year in a row is chamber board member and local Plumas Bank manager Tracey Smith.
As to how the theme came about this year, Smith said, "The theme was put together and voted on by the executive committee. We met, focused on what we most have to remember and it was unanimous — the mountains!"
She said most of the committee members remember camping trips and other occasions that have been "nestled in this beautiful Basin, near our lake and surrounded by forests."
She said the committee began working on the parade during January and February.
"We work on our Caltrans permits first. By May we are selecting our grand marshal and June has us updating our registration forms and opening the process online," she said.
The week of July 4 the committee again rallies to assign tasks and organize the parade flow.
"We have stalwart volunteers who have taken on the same tasks each year. For years Tim O'Brien and Dave Finkbeiner of Lake Haven Resort have taken the time to stage the parade by setting up cones and lining up the entries," Smith said.
On parade day Kelly Sanders and Lynette Hanson will again be monitoring registration and check-in.
Smith said that Chester Junior-Senior High School principal Scott Cory has again volunteered as parade master of ceremonies.
"It's the community that makes this parade — people who participate like the Scott Corys of this world who MC, our judges, Sue Olson who handles all our correspondence and permits and Dig It Construction who lends us the orange cones.
"It's all the little things you don't think about is how this parade happens," Smith said.
The parade, in keeping with Chester tradition, is always held on July 4, regardless of the day of the week.
It starts promptly at 11 a.m. from the staging area near the Collins Pine lawn and mill parking area.
Winning criteria
Judges for this year's entries are Marlene Cummings, Karen Haner and Robin Schumacher.
They will judge three primary categories: individual, float and group.
The individual category includes single vehicles, walkers and equestrian entries.
The float category includes organizational, commercial and musical entries.
Group entries are defined as more than one vehicle, walker, equestrian or musician registered as a unit.
The registration deadline is June 29 for those who choose to be judged. The parade does allow morning-of registration but requires the process to be completed and all entries to be in position before 9 a.m.
Registration can be completed via email by sending a message to email@example.com.
Areas in which all entries will be judged include design concept, adherence to theme, entertainment quality and technical design.
Awards will include certificates for first, second and third placement in each of the three categories.


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Supervisors approve more positions and Sheriff's vehicle
The agenda no longer includes an invocation, but that didn't stop Pastor George Tarleton from regularly saying a prayer during the public comment portion of the Plumas County Board of Supervisors meetings.
Tarleton wasn't present at the board's May 6 meeting, but regular board observer Larry Douglas was and spoke up about the Supreme Court's May 5 decision that cleared the way for Christian prayer to open public meetings.
"I'd like to get back to prayer," Douglas told the supervisors, who couldn't discuss the request because it wasn't an agenda item.
A job well done
Public Works Director Bob Perreault recognized an obviously reluctant Mark Bennett as he retires from his work in the road department. Bennett began working for the county in 1978 and became a fulltime employee in 1982.
"Mark has been in charge of a district with a fair amount of challenging complainants," Perreault said, and complimented him on his tactfulness.
Joe Blackwell also lauded Bennett as a coworker and a friend. "I hate to see him go, but glad to see him have a retirement," Blackwell said before Board Chairman Jon Kennedy presented a certificate of appreciation to Bennett.
The supervisors appointed Suzette Reed and Delbert Lehr to serve on the Taylorsville Cemetery District and John Sciborski to the Local Solid Waste Enforcement Appeals Board.
Employment opportunities
Social Services Director Elliott Smart received authorization to recruit and hire an employment training worker, replacing an employee who transferred to the District Attorney's office.
"Vacant, funded and allocated; three of my favorite words," Board Chairman Jon Kennedy said in approving Smart's request.
The board authorized Louise Steenkamp, the county's director of Alcohol and Other Drugs, to recruit and hire a fiscal officer and drug prevention coordinator.
Health Director Mimi Hall received approval to hire a nurse for her department. Hall described the position as someone who would be available to give immunizations, assist people who contacted the department and work on grant-funded programs.
A show of support
The supervisors voted unanimously to send a letter of support for Assembly Bill 2703, which allocates $5.6 million annually for Veterans Services Officers.
They also voted to send a message to the state legislature requesting any state water bond to use language that addresses water storage.
Supervisor Sherrie Thrall said that she was familiar with the effort being made by county supervisors representing Tulare and San Joaquin counties, and while she wouldn't want to endorse a specific bond, she agrees with their philosophy that "one size doesn't fit all" and that "every area has water issues."
"The allocation of future bond funds needs to include investments in the counties where our water originates to enhance upper watersheds and prevent catastrophic fires, in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys where our farm products feed the world and sustain our rural and urbanizing communities, and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay Delta which supports a vibrant and unique ecosystem," read the letter addressed to the leaders of state legislature.
Four wheeling
High clearance, four-wheel drive, a roll cage and a completely armored undercarriage are some of the must-haves for the Sheriff's Department's newest vehicle.
The vehicle will be used to patrol areas not accessible by the department's current vehicles.
"Utilizing patrol cars is not appropriate," Sheriff Greg Hagwood said of the terrain to be covered. "We are not equipped to safely and reliably access the area."
Two of the areas of particular concern are Lakes Basin near Graeagle and High Lakes, a remote area of about two dozen small lakes in the southwest portion of the county favored by four-wheelers.
Hagwood explained that the vehicle is for patrol, and is separate from Search and Rescue vehicles, though it could be used for that purpose if necessary.
Sgt. Todd Johns is looking for a used vehicle, which he estimates will cost about $35,000, compared to a new vehicle that would cost $60,000. The money will come from a grant, not from the county's general fund.


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Retired master sergeant headed to slammer for two years
Don Bauder 6:45 p.m., April 17
Posted July 14, 2012
Ian Anderson 3:39 p.m., April 17
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This item is from the Holiday 2011 season and might not be available anymore. (View current season)
Brown Sand
Leather / Herringbone
- Full-length internal upper lined with synthetic leather
- Thin tongue and collar
- Waxed laces
- Stitch and turn toe cap
- Full-length internal EVA midsole
- Molded STI System G2™ dual-density full impact polyurethane / gel footbed
- 400 NBS rubber outsole
System G2
System G2™ was the first technology ever developed by STI. Today it is recognized as simply being the best shock absorbing device for action sports shoes and boots. Inserted into the heel and combined with EVA or PU, System G2™ provides dual-cushioning comfort and protection that helps absorbs a wide range of impacts, from the very soft to the most extreme landings riders put on their feet to help reduce injuries and prevent heel bruises. The result is the ultimate skateboarding cushioning technology that absorbs up to 15 percent more impact energy than conventional skate shoes and boots.


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Beagle Dog Door Stop
Overview & Details
- Whimsical dog door stops.
- 100% cotton; patchwork dog is made of soft metallic vinyl.
- Cotton shell and padding protects floors.
- Measures 16x5x9".
- Well weighted.
- Spot clean.
- Made in India.
- Exclusively ours.
Dressed to the nines in stripes, dots—and one in bright metallic patchwork—our irresistible dog door stops wait patiently by the door, welcoming all who come and go. Well-weighted for the task at hand, each dog door stop is designed with a cotton shell and generous padding to protect floors. Available exclusively at The Company Store, these door stops are a must-have for anyone with a dog at home. Spot clean. Made in India.


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The crumb on the Marg looks really lame. Like bread......
I wonder if Neapolitans obsess about crumb the way we do
I wonder if Neapolitans obsess about crumb the way we do But I do want to try that fried pizza - thanks for the write up John.John
After talking to a few different neapolitans in the pizza business it seems like many of the famous pizzerias over there tend to do three batches of dough a day, but some only make two. If its a two batch a day kind of place its easy...just go near their closing time and your going to have awesome pizza, but if its a three batch a day kind of pizzeria it gets a bit trickier. The three batch a day places make one batch first thing in the morning when they get to the pizzeria that is used for mid lunch service through early dinner service. another batch made later in the day or with less yeast is used for the bulk of dinner service. The third batch is used for the very end of the night pizzas and some doughballs from this batch are put into the walk in for the beginning of lunch service the next day. (yes even pizzerias claiming to do room temp only ferments hold that dough overnight!)


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What is a Fuel Tank and where is it Located?
The purpose of a fuel tank, as you likely may have already guessed, is to safely store the vehicle's fuel supply – whether it is gasoline or diesel - until it is needed by the engine to run the automobile. The exact location of a vehicle's fuel tank depends on the make and model, but they are commonly located before or after the rear axle, and strapped to the undercarriage of the automobile. Also, while most cars and light trucks will only have a single tank, some larger trucks and vans may have two.
When do I Need to Replace my Gas or Diesel Fuel Tank?
While an unforeseen accident or other driving mishap can of course potentially damage your vehicle's diesel fuel or gas tank, it is more common for time and age to take its toll on the tank like with every other part of your vehicle, resulting in corrosion. Although fuel tanks are typically built to protect against and withstand the types of elements and hazards that are encountered during daily driving like road salt, rocks, debris, etc., for a long period of time, it can't do that forever. Rusted, weathered or damaged fuel tanks can then leak which is not only an inconvenience and a waste of your money, but it is also a serious safety concern because of the flammability of liquid fuel. Even diesel fuel or gas tanks that are not leaking and appear to be fine on the outside could have rust, dirt, and other harmful impurities built up on the inside. Regularly inspecting your car or truck's fuel tank is recommended to ensure that it is in good working condition.
Because of its importance to the operation of your vehicle and to the safety of yourself and others, if it is determined that you are in need of a replacement fuel tank because of corrosion or damage, it's important that you obtain one and swap it out for the old tank as soon as possible.
Need a Replacement Fuel Tank?
Is your weather-beaten, rusty auto fuel tank leaking away all of your money? Are you tired of losing rather than using half a tank of fuel? If so, then you've come to the right place. At 1A Auto, we offer an extensive line-up of SAE and DOT approved, aftermarket automotive diesel fuel and gas tank replacements for many cars, trucks, and SUV's so that your auto is able to hold the gasoline or diesel fuel it needs in order to operate. Our replacement automotive fuel tanks are made to OEM specifications, so they are guaranteed to fit just like the original - no need to worry about things like storage capacity and size, we've done all that work for you! In addition, we also carry replacement fuel tank straps for most applications as well.
Shopping for an aftermarket fuel tank replacement for your car, truck or SUV is also incredibly easy at 1A Auto - we're here to help you select the right parts for your vehicle! Call our customer service toll free at 888-844-3393 if you have any questions about our diesel fuel or gas tanks, warranty, compatibility or to purchase, or you can buy online right here at 1aauto.com. So, why spend your time trying to clean and / or repair an old, corroded or damaged fuel tank? Replace it today with a high quality aftermarket unit at a great price from 1A Auto!


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Top Definition
A person who likes to masturbate in public, particularly on buses. They are usually creeps and may be a sex offender.
you know that guy that got caught masturbating on the bus? he's gonna be a bus bandit when he grows up!
av dashneo and wario kong
11. mai 2011
1 more definition
a group of people who get on a bus, not knowing where it goes, in hopes that it will take them to their destination. They often end up getting lost.
look at those bus bandits, they have no idea where they are going
av bbg89
28. mars 2011