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News in Print: Read All About It
Concerns are rising about the selective news consumption habits of US readers in this election year. Facing decreased circulation numbers and poor advertising spend, some large cities, which for decades had dual and dueling daily newspapers—one leaning Democratic, the other with Republican affiliations—find themselves with a single subjective voice and very little balance. Major printing press manufacturers have felt the shifting market trends, of course.
At its annual meeting last June, KBA announced more web offset consolidation, including 700 factory layoffs in Germany. Competitor manroland filed for bankruptcy in late 2011 and has since been acquired (in February), but another 1,400 jobs are gone. The newspaper industry was abuzz when "Page One," a documentary about the New York Times, made its debut this past summer. The film analyzed the future of printed newspapers in America. "With the Internet surpassing print as our main news source and newspapers all over the country going bankrupt, 'Page One' chronicles the transformation of the media industry at its time of greatest turmoil," said its official news release. It asked questions many are thinking: How will newspapers adapt with timely news? How do they monetize? Can they still profit?
Yet, even as newspapers investigate how to build and improve their digital businesses, print remains the lifeblood of their operations. "Reinforcing Print in a Time of Transition," a special Graph Expo session for newspaper printers and publishers, brought together representatives from US and Canadian newspapers who discussed investments they've made to enhance their printing capabilities. Two organizations have led the way in adopting new ultraviolet (UV) printing technologies to stay relevant in an increasingly digital world:
- Gary Hall, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel's director of commercial print and delivery, explained how spending money up-front can help reduce costs down the line. By adding Prime UV curing equipment to the paper's KBA Commander double-wide press, its production costs have dropped and quality has increased.
- The Globe & Mail in Toronto, one of Canada's two national newspapers, ramped up the quality of its printed product with a combination of heatset, coldset, and UV presses. Readers have responded positively. The publisher began an outsourcing partnership with printer Transcontinental 16 years ago and, in 2008, extended the contract for 20 more years. As part of that $1.7 billion extension, Transcon spent more than $200 million constructing a new press infrastructure based on heatset-equipped, triple-wide Commander CT presses from KBA; a UV-equipped, triple-wide press from manroland; and UV-equipped, single-wide presses from Goss International. Since going on-edition with the presses in late 2010, circulation has grown by more than four percent, while ad sales in its glossy Globe Style magazine have more than doubled. One advertiser, L'Oreal, reportedly is spending about $50,000 to $100,000 (Canadian) per week in the edition. Production director Sally Pirri demonstrated how a redesign of Globe Life's (its semi-commercial travel publication) print edition attracted some 100 new advertisers, leading to a 30 percent increase in revenues over the last year.
Why UV? As newspapers continue to look for ways to improve their product with enhanced quality that will attract new readers and advertisers, UV printing is an appealing option—especially since improved curing now meets the demand for high-volume printing at speeds up to 80,000 impressions per hour, manroland pointed out. The small footprint of UV equipment makes upgrades relatively simple. UV also is more ecologically friendly, consuming less energy than heatset and emitting fewer volatile organic compounds. And, UV generates lower waste than conventional heatset printing. (Waste from UV is comparable to that of coldset waste.) Last but not least, the capital investment for UV equipment is much less than adding conventional heatset equipment.
Our Changing Medium
Newspaper printers visiting the Graph Expo 2011 News Print Pavilion and the quadrennial drupa show (May 3-16) know that print is not dead, but also acknowledge that it is different. Show goers are looking to cut costs, boost profits, develop cross-platforms, and make informed buying decisions. And they're looking for help from all phases of the production cycle: from struggling press manufacturers to prepress and postpress suppliers, cross-media software developers, and even the struggling press manufacturers who, collectively, have cut more than 10,000 jobs since 2009.
Many attendees at drupa 2012 will question conventional definitions of which printing processes produce which products, projected Goss CEO Jochen Meissner. He expects printers and publishers to be particularly interested in pursuing how they can use different processes—or combinations of processes—to provide their customers with more powerful and cost-effective printed products. "The long-term value and effectiveness of print are not in question, but pressures to stay competitive and profitable are intensifying in every sector," Meissner said. "By...replacing outdated equipment with advanced web offset solutions, printers can address those pressures and take significant cost, time, and inefficiency out of their workflows."
For example, PrintCity Alliance member manroland offers DirectDrive technology and APL (Automatic Plate Loading), the latter of which won the 2011 InterTech Technology Award from Printing Industries of America. "This system reduces typical newspaper plate changes from about 30 minutes to three [minutes]," said Ron Sams, VP of newspaper sales for manroland, Inc. "This is an enormous breakthrough for newspapers looking to consolidate and print back-to-back editions in their prime operating window." Other PrintCity members exhibiting in Dusseldorf include Eltosch, Kurz, Megtec, M-real, Océ, Procemex, Sappi, Sun Chemical, Tolerans, Trelleborg, and UPM.
At last year's WAN-IFRA World Newspaper Week, Swedish manufacturer Tolerans launched a new feature for the publishing industry: thumb-indexing, which allows quicker access to newspaper sections, via a punching system integrated within its stitching systems. "In tabloid-sized newspapers, all sections are inside the main body of the newspaper, which makes it hard to navigate and find each section quickly," said CEO Jan Melin. "This has been a concern for both publishers and readers...Combining both stitching and thumb-indexing in a newspaper enables easy navigation."
At drupa, Muller Martini plans to display 10 machine exhibits, including variable size web offset printing presses and newspaper mailroom systems. The firm's Mailroom Systems business had its own booth within Graph Expo's News Print newspaper pavilion; exhibiting separately for the first time. The unit showcased both its mailroom machinery and software. Company representatives and product experts provided visitors with a firsthand look at equipment and workflow technology, such as its SLS3000 inserting system, SAM software planning and control, and a SLS3000 gripper upgrade. In addition, the WinLincs design structure provides the most advanced and sophisticated inserter control, communication, and data management tool to each of its users—operator, maintenance technician, or data analyst. Muller representatives also demonstrated a variety of rebuilt and refurbished equipment, including rebuilt SLS1000, 2000, and 3000 inserters.
Four other ways newspapers and their pressrooms are adapting and changing:
- Hybrid web offset production
- More compact format sizes
- Digital print advancements, including inkjet
- Outsourced print
Hybrid Production
As newspaper printers and commercial printers continue to converge, drupa and Graph Expo's News Print pavilion are combined marketplaces and networking hubs that attract and engage show attendees. Representatives from these two print communities come to explore the latest technologies, new applications, and workflow solutions.
Quebecor Media owns several manroland hybrid presses with both heatset and coldset capabilities at plants in Montreal and Toronto. One of these, operating consistently at 90,000 copies per hour, was the first in the newspaper printing industry capable of printing newspapers, retail inserts, and phone directories on a single machine. This press is also capable of printing variable web widths.
Another prime example of the hybrid trend in action is Seacoast Media Group (SMG). The Portsmouth, NH, firm has seen its commercial contract print orders increase by more than 900 percent in four years since installing a Magnum coldset press and inserter from Goss International. The company credits the high automation and versatility of the press among the key reasons for such a high degree of success.
"We specialize in offset newspaper printing and everything that entails," said Alan Laskey, production manager at Seacoast. "We have a number of titles with quite substantial run lengths, but no run is too small. The secret weapon for maintaining our service to clients is the level of automation of the Magnum press and the flexibility of the single width platform."
Running 15 to 18 jobs a day, each averaging between 45 to 60 minutes on press, the efficiency of the operation is essential in keeping costs down and ensuring customer satisfaction. "We get through 13,000 plates per month, which gives an indication of the frequency of job and edition changes," Laskey noted. "The automatic inking, automatic registration, Omnicolor presetting, and the Omnicon controls on our Magnum press maintain job setup, changeover, and [keep] waste at a minimum."
Prior to installation of the 16-unit Magnum 2x2 press, along with the new Goss inserter, SMG's printing services were principally concerned with the firm's own in-house publications, with outside contracts accounting for approximately $700,000 per annum. Today, the value of contract print work totals around $6.5 million per year and accounts for 75 percent of the company's total turnover. According to Laskey, this increase is the consequence of a concerted sales effort aimed at exploiting the full capabilities of the new press and through referrals from existing customers.
The single-wide press platform also allows SMG to accommodate a variety of web widths, between 22 and 32 inches, providing the flexibility to print a wide range of publication formats. Aside from general maintenance periods on weekends, the Magnum runs virtually 24/7, servicing 160 active accounts predominantly from locations throughout Maine, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, and dispatching as far as New York state.
SMG was awarded the contract to print 28,000 copies daily of the Nashua Telegraph as well as its numerous weekly titles. This latest assignment contributes to a total output per week of around one million copies.
Three-Around, Berliner, and Other Compact Formats
At Graph Expo, Del Varney, operations VP at The Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch, detailed the newspaper's decision to modify its presses to an innovative, three-around configuration—a bold move management had been contemplating for three years. In mid-2011, Gannett signed a letter of intent with the Dispatch, 100 miles away, for the outsourced printing of The Cincinnati Enquirer and The Kentucky Enquirer in a more compact, easy-to-use format (10.5x14.5 inches). The change is expected in Q4 2012, at which time the Enquirer's production facility would close. "While covering the same amount of news as the previous format, this new approach would enhance the user experience by allowing for a fuller use of color and photographs and improved readability," said Margaret Buchanan, president and publisher of the Cincinnati Enquirer.
The Dispatch has signed a letter of intent with Pressline Services of St. Louis to produce the compact format for its newspapers, based on Pressline's new press system called 3Volution (3V), in early 2013. At Graph Expo in September, Pressline exhibited its 3V cutoff modification service, which the firm says marks an evolution in printing. The system uses a plate cylinder capable of printing three sheets in a single revolution.
3V will create a new, compact sectional newspaper format from existing equipment, creating a much more productive press, comparable to most new models capable of handling larger runs. The so-called three-around printing system creates cutoffs between 14.5 and 15.75 inches depending on current press cut-off, running in a straight-only mode. (Optional dual cutoff retaining existing cutoff alongside 3V is available.) The system works with single- or double-wide presses.
By employing this patent-pending technology, pressrooms can increase productivity by 50 percent and can extend press run deadlines to include late-breaking news, according to Pressline. A press running 50,000 papers per hour can realize 75,000 papers per hour. Plus, the smaller format saves a lot on paper costs. The 3V system may potentially eliminate entire presses, reducing labor costs, equipment costs, and service costs. The raw newsprint savings at these cut-offs is up to 33 percent. When reducing a larger web width to 44 inches, the savings will be an additional four to 12 percent.
"Also, based on a prototype I saw, it [3V] paradoxically results in a print edition with more pages, more heft, and better display opportunities for editorial content and ads," said Rick Edmonds of the Poynter Institute. "A single sheet passes through the presses three times rather than the usual two times. That results in a sectioned paper with lots of color availability, about the size of a typical tabloid, but not as squarish in shape."
There also is the so-called "Berliner" size—midway between a tabloid and a broadsheet—to consider. Fairly common in France, Italy, and Spain, it has gotten some play in the States. Named after a newspaper designer, the format is popular because it still allows separately folded sections, yet feels more like a magazine size when folded.
In a 2006 US debut, the Journal and Courier in Lafayette, IN, 50 miles northwest of Indianapolis, began running the Berliner size on a manroland press. At 18.5 inches long by 12 inches wide, the J&C's Berliner is smaller than the broadsheet common to US dailies. (The Journal and Courier previously was 22.5 x 13.5 inches.) But the new format is larger than a typical tabloid newspaper's 13.5 x 11.25 inches. Most importantly, perhaps, it allows an edition to be packaged in familiar, physically separate newspaper sections.
The smaller page means there are more of them so that the amount of space devoted to news coverage stays about the same, said executive editor Julie Doll. Most Monday morning editions are between 28 and 32 pages, compared with the previous format of 24 pages. Besides making the paper smaller, the new presses added more color pages—up to 48 per day. The previous plant could print fewer than 20 pages in color.
Readers seem to like the format, according to focus group studies, as do advertisers. In addition to market differentiation, the Berliner option offers full-color and better print reproduction. And instead of selling ad space in the traditional measurement of inches, ads in the Berliner are sold based on the percentage of space they fill on a page, so the value proposition is different.
With a daily circulation of some 36,000, the J&C is produced at a $24 million offset printing plant that Gannett fitted specifically for the Berliner. Its MAN Geoman press consists of three full-color towers, four inline end-mounted reelstands, five formers (two pairs and a commercial former for webs up to 35 inches wide), a jaw folder with quarter-folding capability, and a stitcher.
As always, especially in the current economy, cost is a major consideration. Migration to the Berliner format requires all new press equipment. But it may be appealing to newspaper owners already looking for new equipment. Gannett chose Lafayette for the Berliner, because the paper needed to replace its mid-1960s letterpress operation anyway, according to president and publisher Gary Suisman. Plus, there's a consumables tradeoff on ink and paper. Newspapers across the country have been getting smaller in size as the cost of newsprint has steadily increased. Suisman estimated that the Berliner is reducing the paper's newsprint costs by 10 to 15 percent annually.
Digital Press Enhancements
While conventional web offset presses still hum at daily and weekly newspapers across the US, digital rumblings are nothing new in the printing industry. Sixteen Graph Expo shows have come and gone since Benny Landa, inventor of the Indigo digital color press, boldly predicted, "Everything that can become digital will become digital." (Landa, who sold his technology to Hewlett-Packard for $800 million 10 years ago, reportedly will debut digital nanographic printing presses that use invisible "HD" ink at drupa in May.) While HP leans toward proprietary technology for digital applications due to the strength of its market position, other companies embrace a more open architecture. Some rather unusual pairings have emerged in the past 18 months to lead the print innovation charge. You can see them at drupa exhibiting together, many for the first time: press manufacturer KBA and mega-printer RR Donnelley; manroland and Océ; Konica Minolta selling Screen's Truepress Jet520 and partnering with Kodak.
There is no argument that the print medium has changed and continues to evolve. That is precisely why offset press maker manroland and Océ—now part of Canon—are expected to roll out a new digital press platform for newspapers and other users. "We are not competing against digital," Vince Lapinski, manroland, Inc.'s CEO in North America, said of the alliance. "What we're trying to do is optimize current products and look at new markets that we [manroland] are not in right now. Océ's strengths are more on the transactional print side, and we want to bring their expertise to the graphic arts."
KBA and RR Donnelley, North America's largest printer, have big plans, too. The dynamic duo plans a drupa debut of the piezoelectric-based inkjet press they've agreed to develop, manufacture, and sell. Targets in their print sights include the commercial, newspaper, packaging, and security sectors. KBA has licensed Donnelley's Apollo digital technology to use in its own presses. The interesting thing about Apollo is that its inkjet heads don't jet ink. Donnelley R&D has developed a way of using the heads to apply an ink-resistant substance to subtract part of an offset litho produced image (much like a photographic negative blocks light) as it is being printed. "The implications are significant," InfoTrends senior consultant Barney Cox wrote in his blog. "Producing variable data using standard stocks and inks on an existing heatset web offset press blows the economics of other digital processes out of the water."
Also at drupa, TKS (Tokyo Kikai Seisakusho, Ltd.) will show a roll-fed digital press called the JetLeader 1500, which employs drop-on-demand (DOD) inkjet technology with water-based inks. It can produce newspapers, tabloids, magazines, digests, and variable sheet cutting—all inline. The press delivers a resolution of 600x600 dpi at speeds up to 492 feet per minute (fpm). It offers a web width of 24 inches, or 12 inches for a broadsheet. The JetLeader can be configured as a standalone press or incorporated with offset for hybrid printing. There are no click charges, and customers can use consumables such as ink and paper—46 to 130 g/sqm groundwood, ordinary and inkjet—from vendors of their choice.
Meanwhile, many still wonder whether wide inkjet web presses mark the future of news in print. First seen at drupa 2008, wider inkjet web presses now are reproducing books and direct mail, and the technology soon may find its way into newspaper applications. Indeed, the future of newspaper production may include fewer pages, smaller circulations, more color, different formats, more personalization, more decentralized printing centers, and more niche products. Localized printing on demand helps keep international newspapers viable and relevant overseas, and the trend has come to the States as well.
Last year, HP unveiled a wider (42-inch web), faster, fourth-generation inkjet model—the T400—that makes the concept of mass customization even more of a reality. The digital press runs at speeds up to 600 fpm and can print 5,200 full-color, letter-size pages per minute. Its smaller cousin, the 30-inch T300, features output capacities as high as 70 million pages per month. Hewlett-Packard has more than 20 global installations of full-color inkjet webs (a total of 42 print engines) with a production volume amounting to some three billion pages, it reported. But they're being used primarily for book and direct mail application, not newspapers, despite claims to the contrary four years ago. The problem, HP said, is that while some newspaper publishers may have the vision, cash flow still is a problem for these multimillion-dollar digital press investments. (Still, expect the OEM to roll out some new wrinkles in Dusseldorf come May.)
One guy who might figure it out is Jim Lucanish, president of O'Neil Data Systems in Los Angeles; one of HP's biggest inkjet web customers. One year ago, O'Neil installed a pair of the T400 models in its new 218,000-square-foot plant in Plano, TX. Its parent company publishes and prints Investor's Business Daily and still does so with conventional offset. But Lucanish believes it's only a matter of time (and money, of course) before progressive newspaper publishers learn how to leverage inkjet technology for their best advantage.
Another potential trailblazer is Tribune Co. subsidiary Tribune Direct, the first direct marketing firm to buy the Kodak Prosper 5000XL color model, which became operational last summer, at its Northlake, IL, facility. While it is conceivable that Tribune also may use the 650-fpm inkjet web press, with its 24.5-inch print width, to produce special sections and niche publications for the Chicago Tribune, president and general manager Lou Tazioli said that using the Prosper to print newspaper-oriented pieces is not (yet) a primary goal. Kodak, now restructuring under bankruptcy protection, is putting nearly all its eggs in the digital print basket, in particular its Prosper inkjet web technology.
Across the pond, "wide-boy" inkjet web presses are making their way into the newspaper printing segment. A range of newspapers are being produced in London thanks to a breakthrough from Océ/Canon. Starting last June, Stroma Limited began printing color editions of international newspapers on the latest inkjet digital technology. More than 1,400 titles are now included in Stroma's portfolio. The specialist has taken a JetStream 1000 inkjet production press, featuring a maximum web width of 20.5 inches, as part of a £1.3 million investment at its west London headquarters. The introduction of the JetStream 1000 enables longer runs of digitally produced newspapers.
"We run between 50 and 60 titles a day," explained Steve Brown, Stroma's managing director. "This is something the publishers have been wanting for a long time, and will now be realized. Color has made a huge difference from an advertising and publishing perspective. The technology lends itself to adding value to companies like Qantas Airlines, for example. We print a couple of titles for them, and they go onto the seats of business and first class. And, in effect, the passengers are reading tomorrow's news today!
Sebastian Landesberger, executive VP of Océ Production Printing, added: "Newspapers printed digitally in color provide a steady revenue stream and potential growth opportunity for newspaper publishers. The Océ JetStream inkjet technology is complementary to offset and opens up so many new doors for targeted, niche, personalized products, which is what the newspaper industry has been waiting for. Newspapers published pretty well anywhere in the world can be read on any continent at the touch of a digital button."
USA Today two years ago tapped European printer Rotomail to produce the daily on its Kodak Versamark VL4200, a roll-to-roll inkjet device that runs up to 410 feet per minute. Through an agreement with Messaggerie Internazionali, an Italian distributor of foreign newspapers, Rotomail is digitally printing an international edition of the Gannett flagship for distribution to hotels and kiosks in major tourist towns and a number of airports, Kodak said.
Meanwhile, to expand their reach stateside, international publishers have partnered with Newsworld and its New Jersey-based printing partner, AlphaGraphics, for the distribution of titles, including London's Daily Mail, in New York. AlphaGraphics is running Screen Truepress Jet520 digital print technology with Hunkeler digital finishing on the back end.
"There are environmental and commercial advantages to be gained," said CEO Malcolm Miller, the visionary entrepreneur who is using the Versamark in a similar fashion overseas in Cypress and Malta. "Publishers are looking for increased sales and improved supply chain solutions in these challenging times, and we have built up a proven model. Other locations are currently being finalized."
All 60 international titles that Miller distributes now are printed on-site, resulting in a 50 percent rise in newspaper sales, attracting more readers thanks to competitive pricing and same-day availability. "Some customers have said they receive their paper here earlier than they do at home," said Miller, whose firm overcame negative perceptions of what the digitally printed products would look like. "When the Financial Times said it was behind us, it became easier to get people on board," he said.
Future US News
Both Goss and manroland have 96-page web offset presses, the Sunday 5000 and Lithoman S, respectively, which produce an astonishing gross output of between 3.6 million and 4.3 million pages per hour. These 112-inch-wide systems work particularly well in Europe because printed product sizes are much more flexible there. "In the US, dedicating machines for single products, such as magazines, may go away in the future," manroland's Lapinski said. "This press is ideal for both small and large page counts." If and when a new production model is adopted in US printing plants, Lapinski sees the Lithoman S ultimately challenging gravure for high-volume retail, catalog, magazine, and insert products. Computer-to-press prepress technology for web offset has considerable advantages in costs and throughput time compared with printing cylinder engraving and cylinder handling for the rotogravure process.
Lapinski believes the fast pace of innovation will continue for newspapers in print. "We'll see hybrid cold- and heatset presses, and more UV applications," he predicted. And, of course, there'll be more reconfigurations and upgrades. "Whatever can be added to machines for new products, new markets, and new revenue streams," that's the bottom line according to manroland and the other offset press manufacturers.


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HEAT oven to 325°F.
LINE 13x9-inch pan with foil, with ends of foil extending over sides. Mix graham crumbs, butter and 2 Tbsp. brown sugar; press onto bottom of prepared pan.
BEAT cream cheese, 1 cup brown sugar and vanilla in large bowl with mixer until blended. Add sour cream; mix well. Add eggs, 1 at a time, mixing on low speed after each just until blended. Pour over crust. Combine remaining brown sugar, apples, nuts and cinnamon; spoon over cream cheese batter.
BAKE 55 min. or until center is almost set. Cool completely. Refrigerate 4 hours. Use foil handles to lift cheesecake from pan before cutting to serve.


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Okay confession time. This is my number one biggest question of all time "Why do we ever fall back?". I'm Just saying, let's just spring forward for the last time and leave time alone!
I feel it coming, my one bipolar day of 2012. Saturday I'm freaking out feeling claustrophobic, and thinking Winter is never going to end .
I'm just saying, I don't think I'm the only person that hates the fact that it's dark by 4pm in December.
Then all of the sudden, I wake up on Sunday and it's light until 6:30pm. That's when I find myself thinking about packing my fishing clothes and my 5 Weight into the back seat of my truck so that I can hit the local pond as soon as the clock strikes 5pm.
Apparently this year the fish feel it too, the bite has flipped on and the Bass are showing
well. I even scoped a few starting to take up Real Estate.
You know what I'm talking about. That's right you were thinking it too "BED FISHING".
Only a few more weeks and the Bass will be so ticked at each other, they will want to destroy anything I put near their face.
If sight fishing for bedding Bass doesn't get your heart beating just a little faster, you had better check your pulse.
It has to be my number one favorite time of the year to fish. I mean come on it's not every day a PIG Female swims up 2 feet from where you're standing while she is literally daring you to chuck a fly in her direction.
Now, I know someone is going to email me or leave a comment about how I'm the worst person in the world for fishing bedding Bass, and that I should join PETA and leave everything I own to my cats.
But come on people we're Urban Bass Fishing mostly Park Lakes here. It's not like this is the Golden Trout Wilderness or anything.
Now I'm not saying this as an excuse for anyone to go out and abuse these fish. If you catch one, get it back in the water right away. Especially if it's a male so that he can get back to the fry that he's most likely guarding.
We as Fly Fisherman have a responsibility to set the example. Don't throw anything on the ground, treat the fish with respect so that someone else can catch it, and for goodness sake mash down your barbs!
I'm just going to put this out there. If I see someone with a bucket taking Bass or someone with a treble hook and a sinker trying to snag a 5 pounder, you will get caught.
I do know the Park Rangers very well, yes I do have them on speed dial, and yes you will get one big ticket!
So get out enjoy one of the best times of the year to fish for Bass, and let's respect this resource so that our children's children can be blogging about it.


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Documentation » User Guides to Study Content
User Guides are designed to provide analysts with documentation about the concepts, measures and questions in the HRS surveys. These reports expand upon the information found in codebooks, questionnaires and data descriptions. They also provide comprehensive descriptions of created measures (including their origin), changes made across waves, variable distributions, results from data quality analysis, information about the data structure of individual HRS surveys, and information on special data manipulation topics.
Nolte, Michael A. , Megan Turf and Marita A. Servais. Occupation and Industry Coding in HRS/AHEAD (2014). [PDF] Weir, David R., Ryan McCammon, Lindsay Ryan, and Kenneth Langa. Cognitive Test Selection for the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) (2014). [PDF] Crimmins, Eileen, Jessica Faul, Jung Ki Kim, Heidi Guyer, Kenneth Langa, Mary Beth Ofstedal, Amanda Sonnega, Robert Wallace and David R. Weir. Documentation of Biomarkers in the 2006 and 2008 Health and Retirement Study (2013). [PDF] Gwenith G. Fisher, John J. McArdle, Ryan J. McCammon, Amanda Sonnega, and David R. Weir. New Measures of Fluid Intelligence in the HRS (2013). [PDF] James Wagner, Richard Valliant, Frost Hubbard, Charley Jiang, University of Michigan. Level-of-Effort Paradata and Nonresponse Adjustment Models for a National Face-to-Face Survey (2013). [PDF] Smith, Jacqui, Gwenith Fisher, Lindsay Ryan, Philippa Clarke, Jim House and David R. Weir. Psychosocial and Lifestyle Questionnaire 2006 - 2010: Documentation Report (2013). [PDF] Please note that this replaces an earlier version of this report. Gwenith G. Fisher, Halimah Hassan, Willard L. Rodgers, and David R. Weir. HRS Imputation of Cognitive Functioning Measures: 1992 - 2008 (2011). [PDF] Ofstedal, Mary Beth; David R. Weir; Kuang-Tsung (Jack) Chen; James Wagner. Updates to HRS Sample Weights (2011). [PDF] HRS Staff. Alternate Wave Question Cross-Reference Table (2010). [PDF] HRS Staff. Resources for Analysis of Family Data (2010). This page brings together reference materials pertaining to HRS data content related to family issues. It contains direct links to relevant questionnaire areas, codebook content and bibliographic materials, as well as other background information. Kapinos, Kandice, Charles C. Brown, Michael A. Nolte, Helena Stolyarova, and David R. Weir. Cross-Wave Prospective Social Security Wealth Measures of Pre-Retirees Public Release: Data Description and Usage (2010). [PDF] Servais, Marita A. Overview of HRS Public Data Files for Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analysis (2010). Please note that this replaces earlier versions of this report. [PDF] Heeringa, Steven G., Gwenith G. Fisher, Michael D. Hurd, Kenneth M. Langa, Mary Beth Ofstedal, Brenda L. Plassman, Willard L. Rodgers and David R. Weir. ADAMS: Sample Design, Weighting and Analysis for ADAMS (2009). [PDF] Levy, Helen G. and Italo Gutierrez. Documentation and Benchmarking of Health Insurance Measures in the Health And Retirement Study (2009). [PDF] Crimmins, Eileen M., Heidi Guyer, Kenneth M. Langa, Mary Beth Ofstedal, Robert B. Wallace, and David R. Weir. Documentation of Physical Measures, Anthropometrics and Blood Pressure in the Health and Retirement Study (2008). [PDF] Jenkins, Kristi R., Mary Beth Ofstedal and David R. Weir. Documentation of Health Behaviors and Risk Factors Measured in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS/AHEAD) (2008). [PDF] Stolyarova, Helena, Michael A. Nolte, and Bob Peticolas. Pension Estimation Program Users Guide 2008 (Revised 2012) (2008). This is the documentation for the current version of the pension estimation program. It replaces HRS Documentation Report DR-004: Pension Estimation Program Documentation, Curtin, Lamkin, and Peticolas (1998) and Pension Estimation Program Users Guide, Peticolas and Stolyarova (2003). The data for the Pension Estimation Program were obtained by analyzing and codifying Summary Plan Descriptions (SPDs) using the Pension Coding Program, a software product designed specifically for this purpose. The Pension Coding Program program replaced the paper-and-pencil coding instruments that were used in 1992. Researchers may wish to examine the Pension Coding Program Users Guide for information on HRS coding procedures. Note: The Pension Coding software package was developed for internal use only and is not available for distribution. [PDF] National Institute on Aging. Growing Old in America: The Heath and Retirement Study (HRS Databook) (2007). Cao, Honggao, John C. Henretta, Theresa Norgard, Beth J. Soldo, and David R. Weir. HRS 2001 HUMS College Tuition Imputations (Restricted) (2005). [PDF] Fisher, Gwenith G., Jessica D. Faul, David R. Weir, and Robert B. Wallace. Documentation of Chronic Disease Measures in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS/AHEAD) (2005). [PDF] Hauser, Robert M. and Robert J. Willis. Survey Design and Methodology in the Health and Retirement Study and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (2005). This is an electronic version of an article published in Aging, Health, and Public Policy: Demographic and Economic Perspectives, a supplement to Population and Development Review Volume 30. New York: Population Council, 2005. ©2005 by The Population Council, Inc. [PDF] Ofstedal, Mary Beth, Gwenith G. Fisher and A. Regula Herzog. Documentation of Cognitive Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study (2005). [PDF] Fonda, Stephanie and A. Regula Herzog. Documentation of Physical Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study and the Asset and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old Study (2004). [PDF] Servais, Marita A. An Elementary Cookbook of Data Management using HRS Data with SPSS, SAS and Stata Examples (2004). [PDF] Cao, Honggao. IMPUTE: A SAS Application System for Missing Value Imputations--With Special Reference to HRS Income/Assets (2001). [PDF] Steffick, Diane E. Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study (2000). [PDF] Mitchell, Olivia S., Jan Olson, and Thomas Steinmeier. Construction of the Earnings and Benefits File (EBF) for Use With the Health and Retirement Study (1996). An updated and revised version of this paper is available in Social Security Earnings and Projected Benefits, Olivia S. Mitchell, P. Brett Hammond and Anna M. Rappaport, eds., Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. See Chapter 13, "Forecasting Retirement Needs and Retirement Wealth" [PDF] Heeringa, Steven G. Technical Description of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study Sample Design (1995). Online version; originally published as HRS Documentation Report DR-003. [PDF] Heeringa, Steven G. and Judith Connor. Technical Description of the Health and Retirement Study Sample Design (1995). Online version; originally published as HRS/AHEAD Documentation Report DR-002. [PDF] |


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Miss JulieThu, March 28, 2013 - 8:00 PMGeffen Playhouse-Audrey Skirball Kenis Theatre in Los Angeles, CA |
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Transparent pink 'Mona' sunglasses from Givenchy featuring an oversize round frame, grey tinted lenses and a white designer logo at the arms. Please note that vintage items are not new and therefore might have minor imperfections.
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editJiraiya [1][2][3][4] | |||
(自来也, Jiraiya)
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Debut | |||
Manga | Chapter #90 | ||
Anime | Naruto Episode #52 | ||
Movie | Naruto the Movie: Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow | ||
Game | Naruto: Ultimate Ninja 2 | ||
OVA | Finally a clash! Jōnin vs. Genin!! Indiscriminate Grand Melee Tournament Meeting!! | ||
Appears in | Anime, Manga, Game, Movie | ||
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English |
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Birthdate | November 11 | ||
Gender | Male | ||
Age |
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Status | Deceased | ||
Height |
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Weight |
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Blood type | B | ||
Classification | |||
Occupation |
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Affiliation | |||
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Rank | |||
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Ninja Registration | 002301 | ||
Academy Grad. Age | 6 | ||
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Jiraiya (自来也, Jiraiya) was one of Konohagakure's legendary Sannin. He was known as the Toad Sage (蝦蟇仙人, Gama Sennin) because of his special affinity for toads. Famed as a hermit and pervert of stupendous skill, Jiraiya travelled the world in search of knowledge that would help his friends, the various novels he wrote, and, posthumously, the world in its entirety – knowledge that would be passed on to his godson and final student, Naruto Uzumaki.
[show]Background Edit
As a child, Jiraiya and his then-team-mates Orochimaru and Tsunade, were students of the Third Hokage. Jiraiya's relationship with his team practically mirrored that of the future Team 7, with Jiraiya being quite similar to Naruto, being the clumsy and reckless member of the team. At various times, he would try to impress Tsunade, only to embarrass himself.[8] Jiraiya at some point discovered the residence of the toads. This happened, in the anime, when still the Third's student; after seeing the Third perform the Summoning Technique, Jiraiya tried to use it himself. Since he did not have a contract, Jiraiya was reversed summoned to Mount Myōboku.[9] There, he learned to have a natural affinity for their variety of ninjutsu techniques. He was also trained in senjutsu. After leaving the Third's tutelage, he travelled the world, where he was later called upon by the Great Toad Sage who made a prophecy concerning Jiraiya: that he would someday choose whether one of his students saved or destroyed the world.
During the Second Shinobi World War, Jiraiya and his former team-mates fought Hanzō, the leader of Amegakure. Hanzō was so impressed that they could survive in a fight with him, that he bestowed upon them the title of Konoha's "Legendary Three Ninja" (伝説の三忍, Densetsu no Sannin), and that they accept the title in exchange for letting them live. Once the battle was over, Jiraiya and his team-mates encountered three young orphans from Amegakure. While Orochimaru suggested they kill them to spare them the cruelty of the world, Jiraiya decided to look after them for a while and teach them ninjutsu. During the time he spent with them, Jiraiya grew close to the three children, and even wrote a book that was inspired by one of them, Nagato. Eventually, he left them so that they could pursue their own goals. Although news of their exploits reached him from time to time, he thought they had died during an undisclosed incident.
Jiraiya later became the teacher of Minato Namikaze and two other unknown genin. Jiraiya took particular interest in Minato, taking him as an apprentice, and among other things teaching him the Summoning Technique and senjutsu. At some point, he also told Minato about the prophecy the Great Toad Sage had given him, believing that Minato could be the Child of the Prophecy.
Later, Jiraiya's first book, The Tale of the Utterly Gutsy Shinobi, failed to be a best-seller. Minato, now the Fourth Hokage, thought the book was excellent, and praised Jiraiya, saying that the protagonist resembled him greatly. It was then that Minato revealed that he and Kushina Uzumaki, who was pregnant at the time, wanted to raise their child to be a great shinobi, like the one in the book, and for that reason they decided to name him "Naruto", after the main character. Jiraiya jokingly pointed out that it would make him Naruto's godfather, and asked if they were sure that they would want that. Minato replied that Jiraiya was a good example for them all and that he could not think of a finer shinobi than him.[10]
In the anime, sometime after becoming a jōnin, Jiraiya encountered the leader of the Nadeshiko Village after he trespassed into her village to do "research" for his next novel. After he escaped, she pursued him and challenged him to a duel for his hand in marriage. This match was however postponed, as neither party was making headway against the other. Jiraiya promised that their students instead should one day seek each other out and fight if the two never met again.[11]
Years later, when Orochimaru betrayed Konoha and left the village, Jiraiya pursued him, trying to convince his friend to come back (similar to Naruto's efforts to bring Sasuke home). Orochimaru refused, and attacked Jiraiya. While he tried to find a reason for Orochimaru's defection, Jiraiya eventually realised that his friend wasn't coming back. Feeling that he was responsible for Orochimaru's escape, Jiraiya left Konoha so he could follow Orochimaru's movements, as well as those of "Akatsuki", an organisation which Orochimaru had eventually joined. In doing so, Jiraiya was unable to fulfil the Third's wishes of him taking on the role of Hokage, feeling that tracking down Orochimaru was more important.
Personality Edit
Although he left Konoha for many years, Jiraiya was still loyal to his village. When Konoha found itself in need of a new Hokage after the Third Hokage's death, Jiraiya volunteered to look for Tsunade so that she could be the Fifth Hokage, after turning down the position himself. His reason for refusing the position was, among other things, that he felt unworthy to take the role, since he had failed to save either of the previous Hokage from dying, or stop Orochimaru from turning traitor, as well as him having to conduct more "research". After he found Tsunade, and began to suspect that she might be helping Orochimaru, he made it clear that he would kill her if she betrayed the village, a proof of his loyalty to Konoha. However, once it became clear that Tsunade was still loyal to Konoha, and later accepted the title of Hokage, Jiraiya served as her most trusted adviser, loyal confidant, and a spy into the dealings of Akatsuki and Konoha's enemies.
Jiraiya was a self-proclaimed super-pervert with no equal (although he meant it as a joke),[12] and a frequent voyeur, going so far as to create the Transparent Escape Technique, to allow him to spy on naked women without being caught (doing "research" as he called it, even as a child). He never actually hid his perversion, and even seemed proud of it, as seen when he told the Third Hokage about it when he was still a child. Despite this, Jiraiya disliked being referred to as the Perverted Hermit (エロ仙人, Ero-sennin, English TV: Pervy Sage) by Naruto in front of others.
Jiraiya's perversion had been used against him on occasions, as seen when Naruto got Jiraiya to start training him after a simple display of the Sexy Technique (though Naruto hit a roadblock when Jiraiya wanted him to use the technique around him when training). When two Akatsuki members tried to distract Jiraiya, they used a hypnotised woman to catch his eye and keep him busy. While their effort initially succeeded, Jiraiya eventually saw through their plot, due solely to the fact that women did not typically express interest in him. His peeping habits had also caused him great injury on one occasion; when caught spying on Tsunade in his younger years, she proceeded to break both of his arms, six of his ribs, and ruptured a number of organs as punishment. As a result of such injuries, Jiraiya now retained a rather healthy fear towards his former team-mate, and usually attempted to suppress his perverted ways when in Tsunade's presence. Despite these perverted tendencies, Jiraiya was in love with Tsunade nonetheless and even as he died, he lamented the fact that he was never able to win her heart. However, despite his one-sided affections for his team-mate, Jiraiya didn't let his feelings cloud his judgment and resolutely stated that he wouldn't hesitate to kill Tsunade should she betray Konoha and help Orochimaru.
Some time after leaving Konoha, Jiraiya became the author of a series of adult novels called Icha Icha. The novels were based on his personal experiences in love, that he retold in a comical way. In a filler episode of the anime, Naruto ghost-wrote one of Jiraiya's Icha Icha novels. The book was found to be very popular. This indicates that either Naruto is capable of writing on the same level as Jiraiya, or that Jiraiya's writing abilities were no better than those of a child. Tsunade seemed to suspect that the latter was true, as she noted that a report he wrote as a child, accompanied by crude crayon illustrations, was poorly written. The popularity of the Icha Icha series seemed to have paid off well, as Jiraiya's cheque book revealed that he was fairly wealthy. Despite his wealth, Jiraiya was not above taking Naruto's money and spending it on sake and women. Jiraiya frequently disappeared when Naruto attempted to make him pay.
Jiraiya had also been known to show off, even during a fight. This showing off typically included traditional kabuki poses accompanied by dramatic self-introductions, keeping with his hermit theme, even when he was a child.[13] He became annoyed if he was interrupted for whatever reason while trying to strike a pose, which happened frequently. His summon Gama however was the only toad he ever summoned that posed along with him. Although he was generally light-hearted and gregarious, Jiraiya could be very serious in a demanding situation, such as fighting Orochimaru, and later, Pain. He was also quite perceptive, as demonstrated when he watched Naruto try to walk over the surface of shallow water; Jiraiya quickly discerned that there was something within Naruto that was disrupting the chakra's circulation through his body.
Despite Jiraiya's eccentric behaviour and prowess as a shinobi, he was a strong believer in peace; his hope being to one day end the hatred that plagued the ninja world. Jiraiya also held a great deal of faith in the next generation, and saw them as the solution to this hate.
Appearance Edit
Jiraiya was a tall man with waist-length, spiky white hair usually tied back into a pony tail, with two shoulder-length bangs that framed both sides of his face. He also had red lines that ran down from his eyes and wore a horned forehead protector with the kanji for 'Oil' (油, abura), which denotes his affiliation with Mount Myōboku. He also had a noticeable wart on the left side of his nose. Jiraiya wore a green short shirt kimono and matching pants; under which he wore mesh armour that showed out of the sleeves and legs of his outfit. His outfit was completed with hand guards, a simple black belt, traditional Japanese geta (wooden sandals), a red haori with two simple yellow circles on each side, and a scroll on his back. He also had a tattoo in his left palm which resembles one that Gama has in his as well.[14]
Jiraiya was also seen sporting different attires. As a child, he wore pale grey robes with a design of red flames on the edges, with a green ribbon showing a curled gold design tied in a loose bow around his waist. In childhood, the length of the red lines that ran down his eyes extended to just over half his face, but became longer in time. Underneath it, he wore the standard black mesh shirt with red lining, and wore puffy black pants that are tighter around the ankles as well as black sandals to go with the outfit. During the Second Great Shinobi War against Hanzō, he wore the wartime variant of Konoha's flak jacket and its standard forehead protector. He was also shown wearing what appeared to be a rubber frog suit during a flash back to when he was training the Ame Orphans.
Abilities Edit
As one of the Legendary Sannin, Jiraiya was one of the most powerful shinobi in history, easily considered Kage-level. Likewise, he was offered on two separate occasions to be Hokage. During the Konoha Crush, Jiraiya was noted by Ebisu to be the only shinobi strong enough to defeat Orochimaru, a prodigy in his own right. Indeed, he could match Orochimaru in battle while they were both equally handicapped during their reunion. Jiraiya skills were such that he could defeat Naruto in his four-tailed form, resealing the beast's chakra in the process. S-rank shinobi such as Kisame Hoshigaki openly admitted that Jiraiya was on another level than him, with Itachi Uchiha likewise admitting that he'd just lose to Jiraiya in single combat, and that even with reinforcements the battle would at best end in a stalemate. His former students, such as Konan, couldn't defeat him despite becoming a powerful S-rank kunoichi herself, and Nagato openly admitted that Jiraiya would have defeated him if he knew the secret of his technique. Even Minato Namikaze, who became the Fourth Hokage, openly acknowledged his former master's prowess and wished to fight him.
Taijutsu Edit
While not being his preferred combat method, Jiraiya was still very proficient with taijutsu, capable of stopping some of the individual dogs that split from the Giant Multi-Headed Dog using just his legs. His natural strength, while nowhere close to his former team-mate Tsunade, was very impressive, being able to lift a large boulder several times his own size as a child in the anime.[15] Also in the anime, he was shown intervening in a fight between a young Gamabunta (who was still bigger than himself) and an unknown snake of equal size where Jiraiya grabbed and tossed the snake a great distance away with ease. Jiraiya has showcased a high level of durability over the course of his life; taking a direct kick to the face from Might Guy,[16] as well as surviving a direct blow from Nagato's Giant Ox, which ploughed him through several steel pipes, without getting injured.[17] He even learned the taijutsu style of Frog Kata from the toads.
Ninjutsu Edit
Jiraiya was well-versed in a variety of ninjutsu types. He could grow and sharpen his hair for offensive and defensive purposes. Jiraiya was taught how to use the Rasengan by Minato, and had since developed a larger variant. He is highly skilled in stealth, espionage, and reconnaissance, even having his own personally made technique known as the Transparent Escape Technique to aid him in such missions (although he mainly uses it to help him spy on women). Kakashi noted that Jiraiya was a specialist when it comes to infiltration and espionage tactics.
Apart from his fighting abilities, Jiraiya was very proficient with barrier based techniques. Examples would include Barrier: Canopy Method Formation, which allowed him to detect all movements within a wide radius and block attacks, and Barrier: Toad Gourd Prison, which allowed him to trap an enemy inside the belly of a small toad-shaped gourd, the inside of which contains a landscape with a lake of stomach acid.
While he had basic knowledge on how to recognise and counter genjutsu, he was not skilled at using it, and relied on his partners to use illusions, like when the Two Great Sage Toads supported him with a powerful genjutsu.[18]
Nature Transformation Edit
Jiraiya could utilise multiple elements which included Fire Release, Earth Release, Water Release, and Wind Release, as well as Yin Release and Yang Release.[4] Even when low on chakra, he could use Earth Release to create deep swamps that can immobilise opponents as large as Orochimaru's gigantic snakes or as strong as Human Path.[19][20] His proficiency in Fire Release is great enough to unleash oil-enhanced blasts of flame. With the help of Gamabunta, he could produce a large torrent of fire that filled an entire valley. When in Sage Mode he could create a lake of burning oil with the help of Fukasaku and Shima. His vast knowledge of ninjutsu allowed him to teach Nagato all five chakra natures (albeit it was a feat made possible by Nagato's Rinnegan).
Toad Techniques Edit
Jiraiya was known as the "Toad Sage", due to his natural affinity for toads, and his utilisation of a number of toad-related techniques. Many typically dealt with summoning toads. He had risen to a level of ability that allowed him to summon Gamabunta. He could even summon the nearly indestructible œsophagus of a great, fire-breathing toad with Summoning: Toad Mouth Bind. Once the technique had been used to cover the area, Jiraiya could control it as he pleased, and used it to trap most ninja. Due to his training with toads, he even gained the ability to spit oil from his mouth.
For spying and infiltration, Jiraiya had the Toad Flatness — Shadow Manipulation Technique, which allowed him to hide himself as a shadow, and even attach to the shadow of another ninja to control them. He also had the Hiding in a Toad Technique, where he hid in the belly of a small toad, which could enter most areas undetected.
Fūinjutsu Edit
Jiraiya had been shown to be very skilled and otherwise knowledgeable with sealing techniques, and had used a number of them throughout the series. When first meeting Naruto, he quickly deduced that the seal on Naruto's stomach, which kept the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox sealed within him, also allowed its chakra to mix with his own. Jiraiya easily recognised the Five Elements Seal that Orochimaru had placed on top of the seal on Naruto's stomach and how it was distorting Naruto's chakra, and he easily removed it with Five Elements Unseal.
He later created a method of suppressing the Nine-Tails' influence over Naruto through the Chakra-Suppressing Seal, which activates by simply coming into contact with Naruto's body. In addition, he could utilise the Fire Sealing Method to contain even Itachi's Amaterasu within a scroll for future study.
Chakra Prowess and Control Edit
Like Naruto, Jiraiya naturally possessed exceptionally large amounts and strong levels of chakra and stamina. Its potency was able to make Naruto back down from chasing after Itachi and Kisame with a single glare and chakra spike. Even with his ability to mould chakra weakened by Tsunade's poison, he could still create a swamp which sank one of Orochimaru's massive snakes (two in the anime) and kept it completely immobilised throughout the battle. Though by Jiraiya's own admission, the technique had failed to some extent.
He has also shown an extremely high level of chakra control as well. He could use the Rasengan in a single hand, or two at once as well as effortlessly displaying each stage of the technique to Naruto. Even after being stabbed five times by the Six Paths of Pain's Chakra Disruption Blades, he was able to use the Finger Carving Seal despite Nagato's disruptive chakra circulating through his body.
Senjutsu Edit
Jiraiya's chakra reserves were large enough to learn the Mount Myōboku teachings of senjutsu — an alternate combat style that utilises natural energy in unison with his chakra to greatly increase his overall abilities. The pinnacle of his skill is to enter Sage Mode, a transformation that allowed him to harness natural energy inside of himself to immensely augment his physical parameters. This form enhanced his strength to the point of destroying the Human Path's eyes with just a kick to the face, while also sending him several metres away. Likewise, his speed was enhanced to the point where he could leap down from a high vantage point and form an attack, before his sandals — which had fallen before he jumped — had even reached the ground.[21]
Due to the limited nature of using Sage Mode on his own as one must remain absolutely still to gather the necessary natural energy, while before entering it, Jiraiya will summon the elder toad couple Shima and Fukasaku and have them fuse to his body and absorb the energy for him. Jiraiya didn't like Sage Mode because it gave him a more toad-like appearance, with longer marks along the sides of his face, a goatee, a larger nose with warts, webbed hands and feet and sharp teeth, all of which made him unappealing to girls. This appearance is due to Jiraiya not having complete mastery over the technique. Despite this, he often used his appearance to his advantage, forcibly changing his feet and legs to frog legs to increase his jumping power, or enlarging his fist to the size of a frog of human size to make a stronger blow, turning a disadvantage to a strength.
In addition to maintaining Jiraiya's natural energy while he fought, they added their own abilities to help him in battle. Sage Mode greatly increased Jiraiya's physical power, as shown by his ability to send Pain's summons flying and use the extremely powerful cooperation ninjutsu Sage Art: Goemon. This form allowed Jiraiya to use stronger versions of his other techniques. An example would include the Ultra-Big Ball Rasengan, a massive variant of Rasengan even larger than his own body. Though unseen, this version is supposedly strong enough that if it exploded, it'd have destroyed an entire mountain. As mentioned above, his taijutsu was greatly increased and he learned and mastered the Frog Kata fighting style.[22] As Jiraiya was not adept with genjutsu, he relied on Shima and Fukasaku to help him in that aspect.
Intelligence Edit
While he would normally come off as goofy, Jiraiya had repeatedly shown himself to be a shrewd man. His intelligence enabled him to track Orochimaru and Akatsuki through the years, and he headed his own spy network all over the Five Great Shinobi Countries for this purpose. He was very knowledgeable in various techniques, able to quickly recognise them and know how to counter them. He also demonstrated being a capable teacher, as even Itachi acknowledged Naruto's growth under Jiraiya's tutelage for three years. Jiraiya was also very skilled in information gathering, as he would constantly relay any important intelligence he acquired to his allies.
Stats Edit
Databook | Ninjutsu | Taijutsu | Genjutsu | Intelligence | Strength | Speed | Stamina | Hand seals | Total |
Third | 5 | 4.5 | 3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 4.5 | 35.5 |
Part I Edit
Chūnin Exams Edit
Having spent years gathering information on Orochimaru and Akatsuki, and having considered the possibility they were after Naruto with the goal of obtaining the Nine-Tails, Jiraiya returned to Konoha with the goal of preparing Naruto for the upcoming threat. Jiraiya first met Naruto Uzumaki while he was doing a "research" at the hot springs in Konoha. After Jiraiya knocked out Ebisu for catching him in the act, Naruto demanded that Jiraiya become his trainer in Ebisu's place. He refused, until Naruto used his Sexy Technique. When they started training, Jiraiya removed Orochimaru's Five Elements Seal from Naruto's stomach, which allowed him to tap into the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox's chakra. To teach him how to take advantage of the Nine-Tails' reserves, Jiraiya taught Naruto how to use the Summoning Technique, but was met with very poor results. To this end, Jiraiya decided to force Naruto to use the Nine-Tails' chakra by pushing him off a cliff, as he learned that it only comes whenever his life is in risk . Naruto survived the fall by summoning Gamabunta.
Konoha Crush Edit
When Orochimaru began his invasion of Konoha, Jiraiya summoned Gamahiro to stop Orochimaru's snakes. He later mourned the Third Hokage's death, but decided not to attend the funeral.
Search for Tsunade Edit
With the Third's death, the village elders, Homura Mitokado and Koharu Utatane, requested that Jiraiya become the next Hokage, which he quickly turned down. Instead, he volunteered to search for his former team-mate, Tsunade, asking only that he be allowed to take Naruto with him.
Just a day after setting off, however, Itachi Uchiha and Kisame Hoshigaki of Akatsuki tried to kidnap Naruto. To do so, they used genjutsu on a woman to distract Jiraiya while they captured Naruto. Jiraiya saw through the trick, and intercepted Itachi and Kisame, who decided they did not want to get involved in a fight with one of the Sannin. When they tried to escape, Jiraiya used Summoning: Toad Mouth Bind to trap Itachi and Kisame. Nobody had ever managed to escape that technique before, but Itachi used Amaterasu to burn through the walls and escaped. After that, Naruto and Jiraiya resumed their search for Tsunade, Jiraiya teaching Naruto the Rasengan along the way to keep him occupied.
Orochimaru found Tsunade before Jiraiya did, and asked that she heal his arms. When Jiraiya eventually found her as well, he suspected that they were in contact, and threatened Tsunade not to help Orochimaru. In response, Tsunade drugged his sake when they went to a bar, making it difficult for him to move or use chakra. After he discovered that this was so he wouldn't interfere in her attempt to kill Orochimaru, Jiraiya came to help her. In his drugged state, he struggled to fight Orochimaru, but was able to recover to the point that he could summon Gamabunta to fight Orochimaru's Manda. The healthy Tsunade proved too much for Orochimaru and Manda, defeating the two and causing them to flee. Tsunade then accepted her post as the Fifth Hokage, and they returned to Konoha.
Sasuke Recovery Mission Edit
After Naruto failed to stop Sasuke Uchiha from defecting to Orochimaru at the end of Part I, Jiraiya encouraged him to give up on Sasuke, remembering his own experiences with Orochimaru. Naruto refused, prompting Jiraiya to take him away for two-and-a-half years of training, to make him strong enough to bring Sasuke back, and to protect himself from Akatsuki.
Land of Rice Fields Investigation Mission Edit
Jiraiya appeared in a few episodes and was a major character in the Land of Rice Fields Investigation Mission, in which he travelled with Naruto and Sakura in search of Orochimaru's hideout. The trio were unable to locate Sasuke, but managed to free the Fūma clan from Orochimaru's control. He later appeared in Please, Mr. Postman!, and was present in Departure to take Naruto away for his training.
Interlude Edit
Gutsy Master and Student: The Training Edit
Jiraiya and Naruto have left Konoha to begin their three-year journey. As they walk, they talk about Naruto's need to overcome Sasuke's Sharingan. During a genjutsu practice, Naruto tries to disrupt his inner chakra flow, but instead, creates a wave of chakra around him thus hitting Gamariki in the physical world. To overcome this part of the training, Jiraiya takes Naruto to the Genjutsu Tree Village. After realising that the village was taken over by a man named Kandachi, Naruto and Jiraiya decide to liberate the village. As the final battle with Kandachi continued, Jiraiya and Naruto got trapped in the Conch King's Water Release Genjutsu: Mystic Fog Prison but later managed to escape thanks to Tanishi's Chilli Pepper Bomb. At the end of the battle, Naruto defeats Kandachi with his Big Ball Rasengan.
In Naruto's Footsteps: The Friends' Paths Edit
Over the course of training, Jiraiya begins training Naruto to gain better control of the Nine-Tails' chakra, soon helping Naruto to master wielding the demon cloak up to two tails. Feeling he was ready to take it to the next level, Jiraiya had Gerotora tweak the seal enough for additional charka to be unleashed. The Nine-Tails, however, took advantage of this and was able to overwhelm Naruto by producing four tails, causing him to slip into a "Version 2" state, which allowed the Nine-Tails to go on a rampage in his body. Jiraiya was narrowly able to reseal the fox's chakra, to which his passive methods of saving Naruto led to Jiraiya being severely injured.[23]
Part II Edit
Kazekage Rescue Mission Edit
Jiraiya and Naruto return after two and half years of training and goes to Tsunade about how much progress Naruto has made. He later meets up with Kakashi with information about Akatsuki and gives him a seal to Naruto's transformation. Before Naruto's departure to retrieve Gaara, Jiraiya warns Naruto to refrain from using his inner power.
Tenchi Bridge Reconnaissance Mission Edit
After taking Naruto back to Konoha, Jiraiya went off to search for information on Akatsuki. Jiraiya would soon return to inform Kakashi and Yamato about Naruto's four-tailed form, a form so powerful that it nearly killed Jiraiya before he managed to stop it. It was later revealed that Jiraiya himself released it (not expecting Naruto's loss of control) with a special key passed down from the Fourth Hokage, capable of unlocking Naruto's seal.
Three-Tails' Appearance Edit
Main article: Three-Tails' Appearance
In the anime, Jiraiya returned to Konoha to congratulate Naruto on defeating Akatsuki's Kakuzu and Deidara. In order to keep Naruto from participating in Team 7's new Sasuke-related mission, Jiraiya offered to train him again, and took Naruto to Yugakure. Jiraiya and Naruto also had a discussion over the meaning of 'home': "Wherever someone is thinking of you, that is the place you can return to." In light of Naruto's need to learn some high-ranked, long-distance techniques, Jiraiya introduced Naruto to the concept of synchronised, cooperation ninjutsu and began by demonstrating a synchronised technique, the Water Release: Water Gun technique, in collaboration with Gamariki.
When Naruto and Gamariki proved unable to synchronise, due to their conflicting personalities, Jiraiya confronted Naruto with the fact that, unless he can work with a summoned toad, a cooperation ninjutsu would stay out of his reach. Naruto compensated by summoning toads that he did get along with, and, after giving up on trying to work with Gamariki, finally began on working on a synchronised technique with Gamatatsu, while Gamakichi guided the process.
Jiraiya openly applauded Naruto's progress, and expressed how pleased he was at his dedication to his goals and beliefs. After receiving a message about Akatsuki, Jiraiya was forced to leave Naruto to continue training by himself, though not before convincing Tsunade to let Naruto go on the mission.
Itachi Pursuit Mission Edit
His meeting with Tsunade and Shizune, is cut short when Naruto and Sakura enter the office. Surprised that his master had returned to the village, Naruto informs him that he finally mastered the cooperation ninjutsu with Gamakichi and Gamatatsu, impressing him. After discussing on how to capture Itachi Uchiha, Jiraiya and Tsunade got to the front gate to see the Eight Man Squad off.
Tale of Jiraiya the Gallant Edit
After Deidara's death, Jiraiya informed Tsunade that he had found the location of the Akatsuki leader, somewhere in Amegakure. After a chat with Tsunade, revealing much of Naruto's history, amongst others who his parents were, he left to infiltrate Amegakure and see what he could find out. He captured two Rain villagers while there, and sent one to Konoha to be interrogated. After hearing that the Akatsuki leader, Pain, killed Hanzō in battle, Jiraiya decided to leave the key to the Nine-Tails' seal to Naruto, before going out to see what else he could learn.
Jiraiya eventually found Konan, and after incapacitating her with his oil, questioned what happened to her, Yahiko, and Nagato. Suddenly Pain appeared and Jiraiya recognised him as his former student, Nagato, because of his Rinnegan. Fearing that his student would destroy the world, as was warned against in the prophecy, Jiraiya tried to kill Pain. After summoning Gamaken to protect him from various summons, he entered Sage Mode, and summoned Shima and Fukasaku to help him, but had difficulty with the battle when Pain summoned additional bodies (the Preta Path and the Human Path). Although they were able to defeat three of Pain's bodies with a powerful genjutsu, Jiraiya was handicapped when Pain's Asura Path ambushed Jiraiya and somehow severed his left arm. The Asura Path was joined by the other five paths, with the first three having been reanimated. Doing the most that he could without his arm, Jiraiya managed to kill and capture the Animal Path, and ordered Shima to leave and take it to Konoha, before heading out one last time to see if he could figure out the secret behind Pain.
Jiraiya was able to discover that all of Pain's bodies belonged to ninja he once knew, amongst them being his old student, Yahiko, functioning as Pain's Deva Path. With this information, Jiraiya was able to discover the truth, but his throat was crushed by the Asura Path and he was pinned down to the ground by the other paths, leaving him unable to tell Fukasaku what he had learned.[24] As his life waned, he mused over his death, calling it unworthy compared to the Hokage and flashed back to his life and his failures, failing to win Tsunade's heart, failing to stop Orochimaru from leaving Konoha, and failing to protect both his master Hiruzen and his student Minato Namikaze. But when he remembered how Minato called his book a success and decided to name his son after the book's protagonist, Jiraiya realised that it was he who named him Naruto.
Seeing that the student's way should also be the teacher's way, Jiraiya realised that Naruto, not Nagato, was the child foretold of in the prophecy. Knowing that Naruto would someday save the world, he forced himself back to life and inscribed a coded message into Fukasaku's back and sent him to Naruto. When the Asura Path saw the coded message on Fukasaku, he attacked him with a rocket hand, destroying the rock Jiraiya was lying on, making him fall into the water. As Jiraiya died, he compared himself to the "Frog at the bottom of the well… Drifts off into the Great Ocean", calling it a more honourable death and realised that he needed a title for his next book. Finding the title "Tale of Naruto Uzumaki" perfect, Jiraiya died with a smile while sinking into the watery depths of the battlefield.[25]
Legacy Edit
Although the next arc played out after his death, Jiraiya still had a great impact on the events that happened during it. With the message that he left on Fukasaku's back "the real one isn't among them" allowed Konoha to learn the nature of Nagato's Paths of Pain technique which ultimately helped Naruto Uzumaki in defeating Nagato's paths before facing him in person. Having inherited their mentor's ideals of peace being gained by ending hatred, Naruto convinced Nagato to redeem himself in the end.
Soon time after, Naruto created a memorial to Jiraiya in the woods near Konoha, adorned with symbols of high importance: A rock with the kanji for 'teacher' (師, shi), Jiraiya's first novel The Tale of the Utterly Gutsy Shinobi, and Konan's bouquet of "never-dying flowers of hope". Later on, Kabuto revealed that he attempted to retrieve Jiraiya's body to bring him back through Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation, but it was far too deep in the ocean for him to reach without being crushed by the water pressure. However, he noted that Tobi should still have enough DNA on the Six Paths of Pain's weapons but was refused.[26]
Later during the Fourth Shinobi World War, Tsunade noted that Jiraiya would not have died if Orochimaru had changed. Orochimaru countered that even if he had lived Jiraiya would have changed instead of dying without changing.[27] Betrayed by Nagato and defeated by Naruto, Obito comes to the conclusion that with the two as the disciples of Jiraiya, the Sannin was the one who defeated him in a sense.[28]
In Other Media Edit
Movies Edit
Naruto the Movie: Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow Edit
Jiraiya had a brief appearance in the flashback when Naruto was thinking about his friends.
Naruto Shippūden the Movie: Bonds Edit
Most of Jiraiya's appearances were more spiritual than actually appearing. When Naruto was sent on a mission without Kakashi or Yamato, Jiraiya gave Naruto, through Sakura, a small package. After Naruto transformed into his four-tailed form, the package was revealed to be a small seal charm, to force Naruto back to normal. Jiraiya then appeared again as a hallucination, pushing Naruto to fight on. In the end, Jiraiya finally made a physical appearance by saving his apprentice and Amaru from certain death by summoning Gamabunta to cushion their fall.
Naruto Shippūden the Movie: The Will of Fire Edit
Jiraiya met with a group of Sunagakure shinobi and talked with Gaara. Later, he took a message from Gaara to a ravine, where Suna and Konoha forces were ready to battle. He stayed there and talked to Tsunade after Suna withdrew from the war.
Naruto Shippūden the Movie: The Lost Tower Edit
Jiraiya called Minato aside to show him he learned to perform the Rasengan. Unfazed, Minato simply congratulated him and left, much to Jiraiya's confusion.
Road to Ninja: Naruto the Movie Edit
In the Genjutsu World, Jiraiya died trying to procure the Red Moon Scroll which the Great Toad Sage foretold will help defeat the Masked Man.
Video Games Edit
Jiraiya is a playable character in the following video games:
Live Action Edit
Live Spectacle Naruto Edit
Main article: Live Spectacle Naruto Yoshiaki Umegaki plays as Jiraiya in this stage play adaption.
Creation and Conception Edit
Jiraiya is named after the character of the same name from a Japanese folklore "The Tale of the Gallant Jiraiya" (児雷也豪傑物語, Jiraiya Gōketsu Monogatari). The Jiraiya in this story is vastly different than his manga counterpart in terms of personality and relationships, however both individuals excelled in summoning a giant toad (the toad itself was sometimes called "Jiraiya") and toad magic. In that story, Jiraiya and Tsunade were a married couple. There, his name is written as "児雷也" meaning "Young Thunder", which in turn comes from the name Garaiya (我来也, Literally meaning: I came) from the Chinese story Kaishi (諧史). As the character was about to die, he made a reference to the story.
Masashi Kishimoto originally planned to draw Jiraiya with a different design, and with a different style of hair. He also intended for Jiraiya to summon toads that were of a similar size to humans. However, this idea was deemed a failure. During an interview, he commented that, of the student-teacher relationships in Naruto, Jiraiya and Naruto's is the one he likes the most.
Trivia Edit
The Springtime of Youth wiki has an article about this topic: |
- The name "Jiraiya" roughly translated means "I came" (自来也).
- Jiraiya shares the same blood type with his former team-mates, Tsunade and Orochimaru, as well as his former apprentices, Naruto Uzumaki and Minato Namikaze.
- In a special episode, The Top 5 Ninja Battles!, Jiraiya was intended to have an interview, but Orochimaru popped up next to him instead.
- Despite no canonic source ranking him, in the anime, he was revealed to be a jōnin.[29]
- Studio Pierrot's Settei sheets of Jiraiya show that he was 153 cm when he was part of Hiruzen's genin team, they also show that his sandals add 7 cm on to his height.
- According to the databook(s):
- Jiraiya's hobby was sneaking a peek into a Women's Bathing House.
- Jiraiya wished to fight Naruto Uzumaki.
- His favourite food was garlic pickled with Japanese basil and karaage-fried chicken, while his least favourites were kiwifruit and gratin.
- Jiraiya completed 1,839 official missions in total: 58 D-rank, 345 C-rank, 684 B-rank, 614 A-rank, 138 S-rank. With this rating of mission completion by Jiraiya, he has the most completed missions of all characters in the entire Naruto series.
- Jiraiya's favourite phrase was "Free and uninhibited" (自由奔放, Jiyū Honpō).
- Jiraiya is tied with Itachi Uchiha as having the highest stats total in the databook.
- Jiraiya's last words were based off of a Japanese proverb 'I no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu' which translates literally to 'A frog in a well does not know the great ocean'.
- Although Jiraiya is always seen using his trademark horned forehead protector with the kanji for 'Oil' (油, abura), he is briefly seen using the standard Konoha's forehead protector during a flashback with Kakashi regarding's Tsunade bust size.[30]
- It's unknown if this was a continuity error made by Kishimoto, since old Jiraiya always uses his horned forehead protector, and only used Konoha's when he was young.
- All of Jiraiya's main students in the Naruto series (Minato Namikaze, Yahiko (albeit from a certain point of view), Nagato, Konan, and Naruto Uzumaki) became leaders of their village.
Quotes Edit
- (To Tsunade) "Yo! I'm Jiraiya! You can send me the love letter later!"[31]
- (To Nagato) "When people get hurt, they learn to hate… when people hurt others, they become hated and racked with guilt. But knowing that pain allows people to be kind. Pain allows people to grow… and how you grow is up to you."[32]
- (To Naruto) "I'm not a pervert… I'm a super pervert!"[33]
- (To Orochimaru) "You're wrong, that's not what makes a shinobi. You never did get it, a real ninja is one who endures no matter what gets thrown at him… Let me explain something to you, there is only one thing that matters if you are a shinobi, and it isn't the number of techniques you possess. All you do need, is the guts to never give up."[34]
- (To Naruto) "Even I can tell that hatred is spreading. I wanted to do something about it … but I don't know what … but I believe… that someday the day will come when people truly understand one another!! If I can't find the answer, it will be up to you to do it!!"[35]
- (To Naruto) "They say wherever someone is still thinking of you, that place is your home."[36]
- (To Naruto) "I think we all have to acknowledge you. Gamatatsu, Gamakichi, Sakura, Tsunade… and I… we all admit you've worked really hard. But I wonder what's pushing you forward."[37]
- (To Tsunade) "Now my job is to help the next generation, and set a good example for them. And for that I'll gladly lay down my life, and I'll be smiling the whole time. It's what makes us old guys cool, you see."[38]
- (To Naruto) "Never go back on your word… and never give up. That's your ninja way… and as your mentor… I have no business whining! Because… the student's ninja way should be the master's too! Isn't that so, Naruto?!"[39]
- (Last words) "The true measure of a shinobi is not how he lives but how he dies. It's not what they do in life, but what they did before dying that proves their worth. Thinking back of it, my story is one full of failures. Tsunade rejected me every time. I couldn't save my friend, I failed to protect my student… and my teacher. Compared with the Hokage who came before me, my accomplishments have all been petty and insignificant. I wanted to die like them…" [40]
- (Last words) "There, that ending… was a little better. The frog at the bottom of the well drifts off into the great ocean. Heh heh… yep… pretty damn honourable… pretty damn honourable… I guess it's time to put down my pen. Right… I need a title for the next book… let's see… Ah, got it… "The Tale of Naruto Uzumaki"… perfect."[25]
References Edit
- ↑ First Databook, pages 73-74
- ↑ Second Databook, pages 92-96
- ↑ Third Databook, pages 90-94
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fourth Databook, page 168
- ↑ Chapter 91, page 2
- ↑ Chapter 166, page 15
- ↑ Chapter 91, page 3
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 361
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 127
- ↑ Chapter 382, pages 8-11
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 235
- ↑ Chapter 91, page 11
- ↑ Naruto episode 127
- ↑ Chapter 91, page 3
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 127
- ↑ Chapter 148, page 12
- ↑ Chapter 375, page 13-14
- ↑ Chapter 378
- ↑ Chapter 166
- ↑ Chapter 378
- ↑ Chapter 377, pages 11-12
- ↑ Fourth Databook
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 409
- ↑ Chapter 381, pages 16-17
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Chapter 383, pages 6-8
- ↑ Chapter 520, page 13
- ↑ Chapter 635, page 9
- ↑ Chapter 656, page 10
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 235
- ↑ Chapter 406, pages 8-9
- ↑ Chapter 405, page 17
- ↑ Chapter 446, page 7
- ↑ Chapter 91, page 9
- ↑ Chapter 166, pages 17-18
- ↑ Chapter 436, pages 12-13
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 91
- ↑ Naruto: Shippūden episode 93
- ↑ Chapter 366, page 13
- ↑ Chapter 382, pages 15-16
- ↑ Chapter 382, pages 5-6


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Home » Useful Info » Legacy
Help safeguard our future with a Legacy - Your Will can help preserve our Railway Heritage
The day-to-day income from passenger fares, shops and catering covers the cost of running the trains, including normal maintenance and renewals but it does not generate enough income to invest in development projects. These include railway expansion, restoration of historically important heritage trains, building educational facilities or conserving heritage artefacts and records. We have many plans for the future to continue to run one of the UKs finest railways, but to do so we rely upon people to leave us gifts in their will. Legacies fund investment for the future, not day-to-day operations.
Surprisingly, only one in three people make a Will, but without an up to date will, there is a risk that your estate will not go where you intend. It may even end up going to the Government! Your Will protects your loved ones and can help prevent more anguish for them at a difficult time. It is also a chance for you to leave behind a very special gift to help the causes closest to your heart, something which is not always possible to do in your lifetime.
The Railway has taken the step to partner with Pardoes Solicitors (a local firm with offices in Taunton, Bridgwater and Yeovil) who understand all of these aspects. Pardoes also have agreed to undertake Will preparation for those who care about the Railway at a very competitive rate, and have further agreed to donate from those costs an amount which will go direct to the railway. Pardoes offer to provide fixed price Wills for West Somerset Railway members of staff (paid and volunteer) that carry a valid WSR ID Card or those who use the new Legacy Leaflet with the Pardoes logo within.
The price for a single Simple Will is £100, £130 for a couple or for mirror Simple Wills (all plus VAT).
And the Railway will also receive a donation of £10 - £15 for each Will that Pardoes prepare. So both you and the Railway can gain! To take advantage of the discount please see the coupon on the our Legacy leaflet or contact:
The Railway Legacy Officer on email@example.com or 01643 704996 or Pardoes directly via 01278 457891 or visit their website mentioning the Railway and this article**.
** Please note...whilst the West Somerset Railway and Pardoes are able to offer this discount scheme, you do not have to use Pardoes to leave a legacy to the WSR or make a Will; it is your right to take your own independent legal advice if you wish to do so.. Pardoes are professionally obliged to act for you completely independently, despite the existence of this scheme.
How your gift can help
A gift, no matter how small, will make a difference. Here are some examples of how your gift could be spent in future years:
£500 could buy 50 sleepers which would provide much needed siding space to accommodate historic vehicles
£1,000 could enhance the authentic appearance of the railway by installing a goods yard loading gauge or restoring a lengthmans hut
£5,000 would allow us to buy, transport and protect a heritage carriage
£10,000 will allow us to renovate the roof of a station building or goods shed and so protect that building for the next 50 years
£100,000 would restore a 1930s GWR coach as part of a heritage train
£350,000 is the cost of a major overhaul of a steam locomotive
Recent Examples of where Legacy money has been used:
Buffet Car Coach 4346 has used £10,000 of legacy money to rebuild completely a wrecked shell of a coach. The refurbished coach will provide excellent on-board catering facilities (such as hot & cold drinks and snacks pasties & sandwiches, etc) for passengers travelling on the WSR.
7828 Odney Manor is a Great Western Railway designed locomotive, one of the Manor Class of 30 locomotives. Built by British Railways in 1950, it was withdrawn from service in 1965 and ended up in Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, South Wales. Having been rescued and returned to running order, it was withdrawn for a major overhaul. Eventually, Odney Manor was bought by the WSR in 2004, and it has been under major overhaul ever since. A legacy donation of £123,000 is helping to complete the restoration which will allow it to be used regularly to haul passenger trains on the WSR.
New locomotive tyres. It is surprising how steel tyres on locomotive wheels can wear on the tightly curved and steep gradients of the WSR! Using £43,000 of legacy money, new tyres have been provided to help ensure the long-term availability of the WSR locomotive stock.
And of course, the Minehead Turntable which was originally based at Pwllhelli (North Wales). It was built at Swindon in 1898, and (with a locomotive) weighs 170 tons. It is now installed and in use, providing an excellent turning facility not to mention a thrilling and popular visitor experience. Amongst other monies, the turntable project used £58,000 of legacy money.
Want to know more?
I am considering a Legacy for the WSR and would like to talk with someone (confidentially) about this, please email email@example.com or 01643 704996
I have already remembered the WSR in my Will so why not let us know?
Legacy Officer, The West Somerset Railway, The Railway Station, Minehead, Somerset, TA24 5BG
We will hold your details for administrative purposes only and will not pass your details to third parties. Please let us know if you are unhappy to receive additional information about the WSR and its activities. Registered Charity Nos 1041901 and 265564.


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For more information, or to schedule an appointment, please call Minimally Invasive & Robotics Clinical Coordinator Heidi Daniel, R.N., at (714) 771-8000 ext. 18405.