text:
Paul Ryan
Paul Ryan | ||
U.S. House, Wisconsin, District 1 | ||
Incumbent | ||
In office | ||
January 3, 1999-present | ||
Term ends | ||
January 3, 2015 | ||
Years in position | 16 | |
Party | Republican | |
Predecessor | Mark Neumann (R) | |
Leadership | ||
Legislative director to Sen. Sam Brownback (KS) | ||
1995-1997 | ||
Aide to Sen. Robert Kasten (WI) | ||
1992 | ||
Compensation | ||
Base salary | $174,000/year | |
Elections and appointments | ||
Last election | November 6, 2012 | |
First elected | November 3, 1998 | |
Next primary | August 12, 2014 | |
Next general | November 4, 2014 | |
Campaign $ | $15,995,498 | |
Term limits | N/A | |
Education | ||
High school | Joseph A. Craig High School, WI | |
Bachelor's | Miami University, OH | |
Personal | ||
Date of birth | January 29, 1970 | |
Place of birth | Janesville, WI | |
Net worth | $5,405,548.50 | |
Religion | Catholic | |
Websites | ||
Office website | ||
Personal website | ||
Campaign website |
- 1 Biography
- 2 Career
- 3 Committee assignments
- 4 Issues
- 4.1 Legislative actions
- 4.2 Book deal
- 4.3 September 2013 NYC event
- 4.4 Future Speaker of the House?
- 4.5 Scope of presidency
- 4.6 Presidential preference
- 4.7 Endorsements
- 5 Elections
- 6 Campaign donors
- 7 Analysis
- 8 Personal
- 9 Recent news
- 10 See also
- 11 External links
- 12 References
Ryan appeared on the 2012 presidential ticket as Mitt Romney's vice presidential running mate. Despite losing the presidential race, Ryan won re-election to the House in 2012.[1]
Based on analysis of multiple outside rankings, Ryan is an average Republican member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Republican Party on the majority of bills.
After graduating from Miami University of Ohio, Ryan moved to Washington D.C., where he put his political science degree to use as an aide to Wisconsin Senator Robert Kasten and a speechwriter for deceased former congressman Jack Kemp. Prior to entering Congress in 1999 at age 28, Ryan also worked on the policy staff for a conservative think tank called Empower America.[2][3]
Below is an abbreviated outline of Ryan's academic, professional and political career:[4]
- 1999-Present: U.S. House of Representatives
- 1995-1997: Legislative Director to Sen. Sam Brownback (KS)
- 1993-1995: Advisor and speechwriter for Empower America
- 1992: Aide to Sen. Robert Kasten (WI)
Committee assignments
U.S. House
Ryan serves on the following committees:[5][6]
- Budget Committee Chair
- Ways and Means Committee
- Subcommittee on Health
Ryan was a member of the following House committees:[7]
- Budget Committee Chair
- Ways and Means Committee
- Subcommittee on Health
Legislative actions
113th Congress
The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[8] For more information pertaining to Ryan's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[9]
National security
Ryan voted for HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315 - 108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.[10]
DHS Appropriations
Ryan voted for HR 2217 - the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245 - 182 that was largely along party lines.[11]
Keystone Pipeline Amendment
Ryan voted against House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines.[12]
Ryan voted for HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288 - 127. The bill would allow federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities. The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.[13]
Farm bill
On January 29, 2014, the U.S. House approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.[14] The bill passed by a vote of 251-166. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.[15][16] However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.[16] Ryan voted with 161 other Republican representatives in favor of the bill.
2014 Budget
On January 15, 2014, the Republican-run House approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.[17][18] The House voted 359-67 for the 1,582-page bill, with 64 Republicans and three Democrats voting against the bill.[18] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.[19] It increased the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel by 1 percent, increased Head Start funding for early childhood education by $1 billion, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, and protected the Affordable Care Act from any drastic cuts. Ryan voted with the majority of the Republican party in favor of the bill.[17]
Report on budget
In a March 2014 report critiquing the budget situation, Ryan developed his own proposal of programs to cut. Among those programs were welfare, child care, college Pell grants and other assistance programs.[20]
In the short term, Ryan's proposal attempted to introduce some concrete Republican solutions to reverse perceptions that the GOP has become simply the party of "no" in opposition to Obama.[20]
"This report will help start the conversation. It shows that some programs work; others don't. And for many of them, we just don't know. Clearly, we can do better," Ryan said.[20]
Government shutdown
- See also: United States budget debate, 2013
On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.[21] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.[22] Ryan voted to approve the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.[23]
The shutdown finally ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[24] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Ryan voted against HR 2775.[25]
Ryan said he donated his salary while the government was shutdown.[26]
Ryan spoke with the press on the first day of the shutdown, October 1, 2013. He suggested an agreement to end the shutdown could be tied in with the debt ceiling, which hits its limit on October 17, 2013. He said, "We have a debt limit coming. Most budget agreements in the past have always involved debt limit increases. We think that's the forcing mechanism, just like the Budget Control Act that President Obama signed before." He added, "That's what we think we need. A forcing action to bring two parties together." He added, "We don't want to close the government down. We want it open. But we want fairness ... We want a budget agreement that gets the debt under control."[27]
He wrote an op-ed on October 9, 2013, and then went on Bill Bennett's radio show to address the shutdown and entitlements. He said, "I don't know that within the next two weeks we have a viable strategy for actually repealing Obamacare, every piece of it." He added, "We're going to keep going after Obamacare. I'm totally committed to dismantling this law because what we're learning soon here is that's it's going to do so much damage to this country. Premiums are skyrocketing, people are losing the coverage they had, businesses are knocking people down less than 40 hours a week, it's just terrible." In his op-ed published in The Wall Street Journal, he said, .".. we need a complete rethinking of government's approach to helping the most vulnerable, and a complete rethinking of government's approach to health care. But right now, we need to find common ground. We need to open the federal government. We need to pay our bills today — and make sure we can pay our bills tomorrow."[28]
In November 2013, Ryan said there will not be a shutdown in January when the spending bill runs out. Ryan said that either they will strike a deal with Congress or keep government funding the same. He also added the Obamacare defunding attempt will not be repeated again in January, explaining his fellow Republicans now realize it's not discretionary spending-"ObamaCare is an entitlement, they are not related."[29]
Farm Bill
- See also: United States Farm Bill 2013
Ryan voted for the Farm Bill on July 11, 2013. The bill passed in a 216-208 vote.[30] The bill passed included farm policy, but did not include food stamps.[31]
Budget agreement
Ryan released a statement following the bipartisan budget agreement he helped negotiate. He said, "As a conservative, I deal with the situation as it exists. I deal with the way things are, not necessarily the way things I want them to be. I've passed three budgets in a row that reflect my priorities and my principles and everything I wanted to accomplish. We're in divided government. I realize I'm not going to get that. So I'm not going to go a mile in the direction I wanted to go to, but I will take a few steps in the right direction. This agreement takes us in the right direction, from my perspective, for the very reasons I laid out before."[32]
He added, "This says let's cut spending in a smarter way, some permanent spending cuts to pay for some temporary sequester relief, resulting in net deficit reduction without raising taxes. That's fiscal responsibility. That's fiscal conservatism. And it adds a greater stability to the situation. It prevents government shutdowns, which we don't think is anyone's interest. That to me is the right thing to do, and that is a conservative looking at the situation as it is, making it better."[33]
He elaborated on the agreement saying, "The House budget reflects our ultimate goals. It balanced the budget within 10 years, it pays off the debt, but I realize that that is not going to pass in this divided government. I see this agreement as a step in the right direction. In divided government, you don't always get what you want. That said, we still can make progress toward our goals."[33]
Morton Memos Prohibition
Ryan voted for House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain illegal aliens residing in the United States.[34] The vote largely followed party lines.[35]
Healthcare Reform Rules
Ryan voted for House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires that all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines.[36]
Social issues
Ryan voted for HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196 that largely followed party lines. The purpose of the bill is to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.[37]
Previous congressional sessions
Fiscal Cliff
Ryan voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was 1 of 85 Republicans that voted in favor of the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257-167 vote on January 1, 2013.[38]
Book deal
On September 22, 2013, it was announced that Ryan was in the process of writing a book about the current and future state of conservatism. The book, "Where Do We Go From Here?," is set for publication in August 2014. This is Paul's second book. His first book, "Young Guns: A New Generation of Conservative Leaders," was co-authored with fellow Republican Reps. Eric Cantor and Kevin McCarthy in 2010.[39]
September 2013 NYC event
Six of the Republican Party's leaders and potential 2016 nominees jointly headlined a fundraiser for the Republican National Committee (RNC) in New York in September 2013.
The even was hosted by RNC Chairman Reince Priebus and Jets owner Woody Johnson on September 23, 2013.[40] It was held at Johnson's home.[40]
It was a dinner and reception with New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, Senators Marco Rubio and Rand Paul and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, as well as Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder and Rep. Ryan, who are listed as the "special guests."[40]
It represented a major force of star power at a single event on behalf of the party and it featured some of the party's brightest future talent, many of whom represent different wings of the GOP.[40]
Future Speaker of the House?
Ryan's name has been tossed around as a potential successor to John Boehner as Speaker of the House. While this could happen, it doesn't appear to be in the immediate future as Boehner is running for re-election in 2014 and Ryan has been mentioned as taking over the Means and Ways Committee in 2015.[41]
Texas Tribune luncheon
At a luncheon sponsored by local chambers of commerce and the Texas Tribune on January 23, 2014, Ryan declared that he did not want the Speaker of the House position.[42] He declined to say whether he was interested in the chairmanship of the House Ways and Means Committee.[42]
"When Janna and I joined [Mitt Romney's presidential] ticket, we looked at what would this do to our family and we realized that actually we would see each other more in the vice presidency than as a member of the House," Ryan said, explaining his decision. "We would see each other less in the speakership than as a member of the House."[42]
"I could've decided to go on the elected leadership route years ago," Ryan said. "I'm more of a policy person. I prefer spending my days on policy and my weekends at home with my family. My weekends consist of going to the YMCA for basketball and then one of their neighborhood parishes for basketball these days. I want to keep doing that. … The speaker is expected to fly around the country on weekends as well, helping folks — I'm not going to do that. I'm four days a week in D.C. and three days a week in Janesville — it's a good mix, I like that mix."[42]
Scope of presidency
On February 2, 2014, Ryan said during an appearance on This Week that President Barack Obama is running an "increasingly lawless presidency" by circumventing Congress.[43]
"It's not the number of executive orders, it's the scope of the executive orders. It's the fact that he is actually contradicting law like in the health care case, or proposing new laws without going through congress, George, that's the issue...We have an increasingly lawless presidency where he is actually doing the job of Congress, writing new policies and new laws without going through congress. Presidents don't write laws, Congress does. And when he does things like he did in health care, delaying mandates that the law said was supposed to occur when they were supposed to occur, that's not his job. The job of Congress is to change laws if he doesn't like them, not the presidency."[43]
Presidential preference
Paul Ryan endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. [44]
Idaho's 2nd District
Ryan endorsed incumbent Mike Simpson on March 4, 2014.[45] Ryan said in his endorsement, "Mike Simpson has been in the trenches fighting to reform runaway spending and has been a critical voice in passing our plan to balance the budget and pay down our debt."[45]
Alabama's 1st special election
Republican candidate Wells Griffith picked up a high-profile endorsement from Ryan on August 7, 2013, for the special election for Alabama's 1st Congressional District.[45] "I've known Wells Griffith for a long time and consider him a true friend," said Ryan. "Wells is committed to moving our country and our party forward. His dedication to advancing conservative principles is admirable and he will be a strong conservative voice for South Alabama."[45]
That set off one of Griffith's challengers, columnist Quin Hillyer, who attacked Ryan for his views on immigration and labor relations.[46]
"Alabama's economy is dependent on being a right to work state, but Ryan keeps adding to a long record of limiting employee freedom and driving up costs via support for the horrible Davis-Bacon law and other suck-ups to union bosses," Hillyer said.
Hillyer also accused Ryan of abandoning conservatives in Congress. He sharply criticized Ryan for his efforts to strike a deal to pass immigration reform in the House.[47]
"I have been a longtime admirer of Paul Ryan, but he has increasingly proved to be a disappointment and out of touch with Alabama values," Hillyer said. "Ryan is the driving force in the House for amnesty, against the principles laid out by our own Senator Jeff Sessions. If one of my opponents wants a leftward-moving Paul Ryan, he can have him."[47]
New York's 21st District
Ryan endorsed Republican Elise Stefanik in the 2014 election cycle for New York's 21st Congressional District. He said, "My friend Elise Stefanik is running for Congress to fight for hardworking families in upstate New York. She's got the values and the work ethic to get the job done. She's part of a new generation of leaders who will bring fresh ideas to Washington, and she has my full support."[48]
When asked in August 2014 whether he was considering a presidential run, Ryan stated, "As far as myself and my family, this is a decision we're going to take very seriously and weigh in 2015, so I just don't know the answer to your question at this time." Ryan campaigned for vice president on the ticket with Mitt Romney in 2012, and visited Iowa and New Hampshire during the campaign.[49] He was also one of six Republicans headlining a major fundraising event in New York City on September 23, 2013.[50] Ryan released a book in 2014 on the state of conservatism, titled The Way Forward.[51] Only one president, James Garfield, was elected to office as a sitting House member.[52]
Public opinion polls
- A March 2014 poll conducted by CNN had Ryan one point behind Sen. Rand Paul on a list of presidential hopefuls. At 15 percent support, Ryan came in ahead of Rick Perry and Mike Huckabee, the only other potential candidates to poll in the double figures.[53]
Ryan ran in the 2014 election for the U.S. House to represent Wisconsin's 1st District. Ryan sought the Republican nomination in the primary. The general election took place November 4, 2014.
Ryan won re-election in 2012.[54] He was unopposed in the Republican primary and defeated Democrat Rob Zerban and Libertarian Keith Deschler in the November general election.[55]
While Ryan was selected by Mitt Romney on August 11 to be his running mate, Wisconsin law allowed Ryan to pursue his House re-election at the same time. If Ryan had been elected for both offices, the state would have held a special election to fill his U.S. House seat.[56]
In 2011 redistricting, The Hill published a list of the Top Ten House Members who were helped by redistricting.[57] Ryan ranked 9th on the list.[57] The article noted that the redistricting process, controlled by Republicans in the state House, was rushed through rather quickly ahead of recalls happening in the state, and added a few more points to the Republican base in Ryan's district.[57]
U.S. House, Wisconsin District 1 General Election, 2012 | ||||
Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes | |
Democratic | Rob Zerban | 43.4% | 158,414 | |
Republican | Paul Ryan Incumbent | 54.9% | 200,423 | |
Libertarian | Keith Deschler | 1.7% | 6,054 | |
Miscellaneous | N/A | 0% | 167 | |
Total Votes | 365,058 | |||
Source: Wisconsin Government Accountability Board "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election" (dead link) |
Full history
To view the full congressional electoral history for Paul Ryan, click [show] to expand the section. | |||
Campaign donors
Comprehensive donor information for Ryan is available dating back to 2000. Based on available campaign finance records, Ryan raised a total of $15,995,498 during that time period. This information was last updated on April 5, 2013.[65]
Paul Ryan's Campaign Contribution History | ||||
Year | Office | Result | Contributions | |
2012 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $4,994,668 | ||
2010 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $3,922,760 | ||
2008 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $1,653,204 | ||
2006 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $1,462,674 | ||
2004 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $1,374,025 | ||
2002 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $1,244,748 | ||
2000 | US House (Wisconsin, District 1) | $1,343,419 | ||
Grand Total Raised | $15,995,498 |
Candidates for Congress were required to file up to seven main reports with the Federal Election Commission during the 2014 elections season. Below are Ryan's reports.[66]
Paul Ryan (2014) Campaign Finance Reports | |||||||||
Report | Date Filed | Beginning Balance | Total Contributions for Reporting Period | Expenditures | Cash on Hand | ||||
April Quarterly[67] | April 8, 2013 | $1,363,328.25 | $606,616.49 | $(414,968.43) | $1,554,976.31 | ||||
July Quarterly[68] | July 8, 2013 | $1,554,976.31 | $1,106,812.48 | $(474,978.85) | $2,186,809.94 | ||||
October Quarterly[69] | October 11, 2013 | $2,186,809.94 | $1,173,587.18 | $(750,483.14) | $2,609,913.98 | ||||
Year-end[70] | January 31, 2014 | $2,609,913 | $1,053,283 | $(456,603) | $3,206,594 | ||||
April Quarterly[71] | April 9, 2014 | $3,206,594.31 | $1,396,792.5 | $(595,990.76) | $4,007,396.05 | ||||
July Quarterly[72] | July 10, 2014 | $4,007,396.05 | $1,611,279.85 | $(1,783,117.9) | $3,835,558.00 | ||||
Pre-General[73] | October 21, 2014 | $4,511,566.01 | $223,741.11 | $(1,877,139.88) | $2,858,167.24 | ||||
Running totals | |||||||||
$7,172,112.61 | $(6,353,281.96) |
Ryan raised the most amount of money of all eight Wisconsin congressional members, with $1.7 million in contributions since January 2013.[74]
Ryan won re-election to the U.S. House in 2012. During that re-election cycle, Ryan's campaign committee raised a total of $4,994,668 and spent $6,651,221.[75]
Cost per vote
Ryan spent $33.19 per vote received in 2012.
U.S. House of Representatives, Wisconsin, 1st District, 2012 - Paul Ryan Campaign Contributions | |
Total Raised | $4,994,668 |
Total Spent | $6,651,221 |
Total Raised by Election Runner-up | $2,265,721 |
Total Spent by Election Runner-up | $2,250,102 |
Top contributors to Paul Ryan's campaign committee | |
Northwestern Mutual | $21,250 |
Baker Tilly | $19,250 |
UnitedHealth Group | $16,000 |
Abbott Laboratories | $15,250 |
Wells Fargo | $14,150 |
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee | |
Retired | $482,054 |
Securities & Investment | $304,750 |
Insurance | $192,625 |
Health Professionals | $151,500 |
Republican/Conservative | $127,235 |
Ryan won re-election to the U.S. House in 2010. During that re-election cycle, Ryan's campaign committee raised a total of $3,922,760 and spent $1,781,673.[76]
U.S. House of Representatives, Wisconsin, 1st District, 2010 - Paul Ryan Campaign Contributions | |
Total Raised | $3,922,760 |
Total Spent | $1,781,673 |
Total Raised by General Election Opponent | $12,066 |
Total Spent by General Election Opponent | $11,649 |
Top contributors to Paul Ryan's campaign committee | |
Northwestern Mutual | $27,150 |
Harris Assoc | $18,300 |
American Family Insurance | $13,000 |
Aurora Healthcare | $12,674 |
Credit Union National Assn | $12,000 |
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee | |
Retired | $341,750 |
Insurance | $238,902 |
Securities & Investment | $238,650 |
Health Professionals | $217,059 |
Real Estate | $85,175 |
Like-minded colleagues
The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[77]
Ryan most often votes with: |
Ryan least often votes with: |
Ideology and leadership
Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Ryan is a "rank-and-file Republican," as of May 9, 2013.[78]
National Journal vote ratings
- See also: National Journal vote ratings
Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Ryan was 1 of 2 members who ranked 127th in the conservative rankings in 2012.[79]
Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Ryan was 1 of 3 members of congress who ranked 150th in the conservative rankings.[80]
Voting with party
Ryan voted with the Republican Party 96.2% of the time, which ranked 103rd among the 234 House Republican members as of June 2013.[81]
Lifetime missed votes
According to the website GovTrack, Ryan missed 227 of 9,878 roll call votes from January 1999 to April 2013. This amounts to 2.3%, which is worse than the median of 2.1% among current congressional representatives as of April 2013.[82]
Congressional staff salaries
The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Ryan paid his congressional staff a total of $858,307 in 2011. Overall, Wisconsin ranks 32nd in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[83]
Net worth
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Ryan's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $2,206,097 to $8,605,000. That averages to $5,405,548.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican House members in 2012 of $7,614,097.96. Ryan ranked as the 69th most wealthy representative in 2012.[84]
Paul Ryan Yearly Net Worth | |
Year | Average Net Worth |
2012 | $5,405,548.50 |
Ryan and his wife, Janna, have three children.[85] He spent a summer working for Oscar Meyer and once drove the Weinermobile, a vehicle shaped like a hot dog in a bun.[86]
2013 best year
Ryan was named by The Hill as a member of Congress who had one of the best years in 2013.[87]
Recent news
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See also
- Portal:Elections
- Endorsements by state officials of presidential candidates in the 2012 election
- Wisconsin's 1st Congressional District
- United States congressional delegations from Wisconsin
- Wisconsin's 1st Congressional District elections, 2014
- United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin, 2014
External links
- Social media:
- Biographies:
- Political profiles:
- Fact-checking:
- Financial (federal level):
- Interest group ratings:
- Issue positions:
- Legislation:
- Public statements:
- Voting record:
- Works by or about:
- Media appearances:
- Media coverage:
- ↑ Politico, "2012 House Race Results," November 6, 2012
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Paul Ryan," accessed November 18, 2011
- ↑ Time Magazine, "Paul Ryan: The Prophet" December 4, 2011
- ↑ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress "Ryan," accessed June 26, 2013
- ↑ CQ.com, House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress
- ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, "Committee assignments," accessed March 31, 2014
- ↑ Official House website "Committee Assignments," accessed November 18, 2011
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1960 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 2217 - Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2014 - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 69 - Requires Threat Assessment of Pipeline Vulnerabilities to a Terrorist Attack - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 624 - CISPA (2013) - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Clerk of U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 31: H.R. 2642," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ Politico, "House clears farm bill," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 New York Times, "Senate passes long-stalled farm bill, with clear winners and losers," accessed February 12, 2014
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 CNN.com, "House passes compromise $1.1 trillion budget for 2014," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote 21," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ Roll Call, "House passes $1.1 trillion omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 LA Times, "Rep. Paul Ryan calls for cuts in anti-poverty programs," accessed March 4, 2014
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Hill pols plan to donate, halt salary," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post, "Paul Ryan: Debt Limit Is 'Forcing Mechanism' For Ending Government Shutdown," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Paul Ryan: I haven't dropped Obamacare," accessed October 9, 2013
- ↑ The Hill, "Ryan: No need to worry about another shutdown," accessed November 20, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 2642 - Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013 - Voting Record," accessed October 14, 2013
- ↑ New York Times, "House Republicans Push Through Farm Bill, Without Food Stamps," accessed September 17, 2013
- ↑ Political Wire, "Ryan Praises Bipartisan Deal," accessed December 11, 2013
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Politico, "The new Paul Ryan," accessed December 11, 2013
- ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "H Amdt 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Votesmart, "H Amdt 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ Project Vote Smart, "HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act - Voting Record," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Book deal for Paul Ryan," accessed September 22, 2013
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Politico, "GOP 2016 hopefuls slated for NYC event," accessed August 28, 2013
- ↑ [ http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/paul-ryan-takes-a-step-toward-house-speakership-20131212 National Journal, "Paul Ryan Takes a Step Toward House Speakership," accessed December 13, 2013]
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Politico, "Paul Ryan doesn't want to be House speaker," accessed January 24, 2014
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel," accessed February 3, 2014
- ↑ New York Daily News, "Mitt Romney scores key Republican endorsement in Rep. Paul Ryan," March 30, 2012
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Simpson for Congress, "Simpson Announces Support of Congressman Paul Ryan," accessed March 10, 2014
- ↑ Madison.com, "Paul Ryan ripped by conservative after endorsement in Alabama congressional race," accessed August 19, 2013
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 AL.com, "Paul Ryan starts a ruckus in Alabama congressional race," accessed August 19, 2013
- ↑ Roll Call, "Paul Ryan Endorses Candidate in Competitive New York House Race," accessed January 15, 2014
- ↑ New York Daily News, "Election 2016: A look at possible candidates and who could run in the next presidential race," August 17, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "GOP 2016 hopefuls slated for NYC event," August 26, 2013
- ↑ The Daily Caller, "Book Deal for Paul Ryan," August 7, 2014
- ↑ U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "House members who became president or presidential candidates," accessed November 7, 2013
- ↑ CNN, "CNN Poll: Rand Paul goes where his father never went," March 16, 2014
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel "Ryan's 2012 re-election not a given in tense climate," July 24, 2011
- ↑ Wisconsin Government Accountability Board "Candidates registered by office," accessed June 10, 2012
- ↑ Huffington Post "Paul Ryan House Race Can Proceed Despite VP Nomination," August 11, 2012
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 The Hill "House members most helped by redistricting" accessed April 17, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets, "Career Fundraising for Paul Ryan," accessed April 5, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Ryan 2014 Summary reports," accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "April Quarterly," accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "July Quarterly," accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "October Quarterly," accessed October 30, 2013
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Year-End Report," accessed February 19, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "April Quarterly," accessed April 18, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "July Quarterly," accessed July 23, 2014
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Pre-General," accessed October 24, 2014
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel "Paul Ryan cashes in on White House run," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets, "Ryan 2012 Campaign Contributions," accessed February 23, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets, "Paul Ryan 2010 Election Cycle," accessed November 18, 2011
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Paul Ryan," accessed August 6, 2013
- ↑ GovTrack, "Paul Ryan," accessed May 9, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 28, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," February 23, 2012
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
- ↑ GovTrack, "Ryan," accessed April 11, 2013
- ↑ LegiStorm "Paul Ryan," accessed September 7, 2012
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org "Ryan, 2012," accessed January 14, 2014
- ↑ Official House website "Biography," accessed November 18, 2011
- ↑ [http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2012/08/15/paul-ryan-former-wienermobile-driver-future-vice-president/ CBS Pittsburgh, " Paul Ryan: Former Wienermobile Driver, Future Vice President?," accessed October 10, 2013]
- ↑ The Hill, "Best, worst years in Washington," accessed January 13, 2014
Political offices | ||
Preceded by Mark Neumann |
U.S. House of Representatives - Wisconsin, 1st District 1999-Present |
Succeeded by - |
- 2012 endorsement of Mitt Romney for President
- Current member, U.S. House
- U.S. House, Wisconsin
- Republican Party
- 112th Congress
- 113th Congress
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Documentary Film: First Generation
April 12th, 7-10 pm
504 Diana Center
Sponsored by Students for Education Reform and the Division of Student Affairs
Directed and produced by CC alumna Jaye Pace-Fenderson
Sponsored by Students for Education Reform and the Division of Student Affairs
Directed and produced by CC alumna Jaye Pace-Fenderson
Guest entrance to University Commencement is by ticket only. All guests over the age of three will need a ticket to enter University Commencement. Graduates do not need tickets to participate in the academic procession.
Tickets are neither distributed nor required for guests to attend Class Day.
You can pick up your tickets in 401 Lerner during the following times:
The Student Health Advisory Committee of Columbia Health, or SHAC, invite you to join us for a feedback session related to the Columbia Health website. SHAC's purpose is to enhance communication between students and Columbia Health - which includes Alice! Health Promotion, Counseling and Psychological Services, Disability Services, Medical Services, and Sexual Violence Response. During this meeting we hope to gather concrete suggestions for improving the site to better support your needs.
Date: Friday, March 23
The Hertog Global Strategy Initiative at Columbia University is extending the application deadline for its summer research program on the History and Future of Religious Violence and Apocalyptic Movements. The new application deadline is Sunday April 1, 2012.
Architecture Program Planning Meeting
Wednesday, March 21st
12:00 - 1:00 p.m.
501 Diana (Barnard Campus)
Get ready for Media Networking Night and the Startup Career Fair!
We hope you're taking some time this week to relax and re-energize after midterms...because next week we're jumping right back into a full schedule of events and programs. Whether your dream is to work in the media or startup fields or you just want to explore career options, be sure to check out these upcoming events:

subset: commoncrawl


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Western Veterinary Conference
Veterinarian Reviews the Barefoot Concept
One veterinarian outlines several common questions about the barefoot concept and shares her thoughts on each.
Photo by Photos.com
How Horse Wounds Heal
Whether large or small, serious or innocuous, all wounds follow a distinct and complex healing process.
Photo by Anne M. Eberhardt/The Horse
Convention Report
2013 Western Veterinary Conference Wrap Up
Get a front-row seat to equine health lectures from one of the West Coast's largest veterinary conferences.
Veterinarian Reviews the Barefoot Concept
May 20, 2013
One veterinarian outlines several common questions about the barefoot concept and shares her thoughts on each.... Read More
How Horse Wounds Heal
April 27, 2013
Whether large or small, serious or innocuous, all wounds follow a distinct and complex healing process.... Read More
2013 Western Veterinary Conference Wrap Up
April 19, 2013
Get a front-row seat to equine health lectures from one of the West Coast's largest veterinary conferences.... Read More
Laminitis Rehab: 'If the Corium is Happy, There's Hope'
April 19, 2013
One veterinarian describes what the corium can tell us about a laminitic horse's chances of recovery.... Read More
Vestibular Disease in Horses Reviewed
April 17, 2013
Vestibular diseases are common and important causes of neurologic problems in horses.... Read More
Study Evaluates Effects of Probiotics for Horses
April 16, 2013
A study examines the effects of P. acidilactici and S. boulardii-based probiotics on horses.... Read More
Current Diagnostic Options for PPID
April 15, 2013
A two-tier series of tests can help equine practitioners confirm a PPID diagnosis, one veterinarian said.... Read More
Handling Hyperthermia and Hypothermia in Horses
April 12, 2013
One veterinarian reviews equine hyperthermia and hypothermia and how to best manage affected horses.... Read More
EPM Testing, Treatment Options Reviewed
April 10, 2013
One vet reviews EPM's variable clinical signs and the current diagnostic and treatment options available.... Read More
Equine Field Anesthesia Considerations
April 07, 2013
One vet reviews some key points equine practitioners must consider before implementing field anesthesia.... Read More
Treating Head Injuries in Horses
April 03, 2013
Knowing how to manage head injuries allows vets to provide quality care when faced with an ailing horse.... Read More
Wobbler Syndrome in Older Horses
March 28, 2013
One vet says to consider wobbler syndrome as a diagnosis for aged horses with neurologic signs and neck pain.... Read More
Triaging Acute Equine Neurologic Emergencies
March 19, 2013
One veterinarian reviewed the steps in triaging acute equine neurologic emergencies in the field.... Read More
WVC 2013: Making the Change to Barefoot
February 21, 2013
Dr. Debra Taylor shares some points to consider when transitioning horses from being shod to going barefoot. ... Read More
WVC 2013: Early Signs of PPID (Equine Cushing's Disease)
February 20, 2013
Dr. Hal Schott describes some early clinical signs of PPID horse owners should be on the watch for. ... Read More
WVC 2013: Equine Wound Management
February 20, 2013
Dr. Bimbo Welker describes how to manage wounds on horses and when to call in a veterinarian. ... Read More
WVC 2013: Multiple Limb Lameness
February 19, 2013
Dr. Kevin Keegan explains a few things horse owners should know about multiple limb lameness. ... Read More
2013 Western Veterinary Conference Kicks Off in Las Vegas
February 17, 2013
This year's equine program features presentations on a variety of horse health topics. ... Read More
Diagnosing and Treating Ocular Keratitis in Horses
May 10, 2012
If not treated early, equine ocular keratitis (corneal inflammation) can lead to blindness and eye loss. ... Read More
The Top 7 Things to Know about Equine Recurrent Uveitis
May 08, 2012
Understanding equine recurrent uveitis (ERU, or moon blindness) can help owners spot eye issues early.... Read More
Equine Gait Abnormalities as a Diagnostic Tool
May 03, 2012
Some disorders produce gait abnormalities and lamenesses that aid in a quick and accurate diagnosis.... Read More
Uterine Therapy Options in Broodmares
May 02, 2012
Accurate diagnosis can allow effective treatment of uterine conditions in broodmares to improve fertility.... Read More
Managing Equine Foot Problems
May 01, 2012
The first step in managing an equine foot problem successfully is to attain an accurate diagnosis.... Read More
Bladder, Urachus, and Umbilicus Problems in Neonatal Foals
April 29, 2012
These issues can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly and properly.... Read More
Tendon Lesions in Horses: Treatment and Prognosis
April 26, 2012
Even the tiniest leg laceration can have dire consequences for nearby tendons if left untreated.... Read More
Related Topics
Related Multimedia & Downloads
Blog: Horse Sense (and Sensibility)
- Slobber-gate: What Caused My Horse's Excessive Salivation?
- Settling In … Slow Snorts and So Many Feed Choices
- 14 More Considerations for Preventing Horse Barn Fires
- Picking Up Where I Left Off With Horse Ownership
- Life Is Short: Just Get the Horse
- You Never Can Tell With Bees
- Sometimes You Simply Don't Know
- Slobbering in Horses
- California Chrome's 'Chrome'


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Whether you're looking for a travel system, a pram, a double stroller, a triple, or just a single, the City Select could be the only stroller you'll ever need. The most versatile stroller on the market today, the City Select was designed to keep your family rolling as it grows from one child to two… or even three.This kit includes a second seat.
With a few simple clicks, the City Select® Second Seat Kit turns your City Select® Single into a City Select® Double! The kit includes the second seat and the second seat mounting brackets.
Welcome to the Fold™ - Lift the sides and the City Select folds itself: simply and compactly, it really is as easy as it sounds. Snap the latch to lock the stroller for transportation or storage.
Configurations - With over 16 possible configurations you can make the City Select work for your family. Front facing, parent facing, sibling facing: whatever you need. Add a Second Seat to make it a double. Throw in a Glider Board and you've got a triple. (Second Seat Kit and Glider Board sold separately)
Seat - This seat was built for comfort. It offers multiple recline positions to make sure that your child is comfortable and safe. With a 45 lb. weight capacity per seat and multi-position footwell, your kids can kick back and enjoy the ride.
Handlebar and Brake - A telescoping handlebar adjusts to your height and a hand-operated parking brake keeps all the controls within reach
Canopy - People love our SPF 50+ sun canopy because it really throws a lot of shade on a sunny day. It has a peek-a-boo window with magnetic closure so you can quietly check on your little one and it can be adjusted for differing head heights and multiple positions as you open or close it.
Wheels - Set your 8" lightweight front wheels to swivel for your daily obstacle course or lock for long distance strolling. The 12" forever-air rear tires allow the City Select to cover all kinds of terrain.
Travel System - The City Select can become a travel system in a heartbeat using the Car Seat Adapter. Just choose the adapter compatible with your car seat and you've got a customized travel system for your infant. You can also add a Bassinet Kit to handle even the littlest of passengers. (Car Seat Adapter and Bassinet Kit sold separately).
The City Select Bassinet Kit converts your City Select seat into a Bassinet with just a few simple steps. Padded carrying handles, machine washable mattress cover and a foot apron to protect your newborn from the sun make this a very popular accessory with City Select owners. Restrictions: Newborn – 6 months, Max. weight capacity: 25 lbs. Not intended for overnight sleeping. Compatible with the City Select only. Requires a City Select seat to complete the conversion.
The City Select® Seat Weather Shield keeps your child dry even when its pouring outside. The non-toxic, environmentally friendly materials block rain and wind with proper ventilation to provide a dry, safe environment for your little one.
The Baby Jogger City Select UV-Bug Canopy completely encloses the front and sides of the City Select seat to help protect seated children from the sun and bugs. Zips onto the front of the City Select's sun canopy and features a UPF 35+ rating.
The City Select Bassinet / Compact Pram Weather Shield keeps your baby dry even when its pouring outside. The non-toxic, environmentally friendly materials block rain and wind with proper ventilation to provide a dry, safe environment for your little one.
The Baby Jogger Child Tray features a convenient baby cup holder and a durable easy to clean surface. Child Tray for double stroller requires the use of a double belly bar (sold separately). Child Tray for double stroller comes with one tray in the box.
Baby Jogger is introducing a toddler/preschooler riding board called the Baby Jogger Glider. This stroller board is compatible with all the City series and Summit strollers - both single AND double models! The glider board can flips up against the back of the stroller when it is not in use.
This stroller riding board for toddlers and preschoolers features a non-skid standing platform and two swivel wheels for making steering easier. Ir is a convenient way for older siblings to hitch a ride when their are tired of walking/running.
Maximum recommended weight is 45 pounds.< /p>
The City Select HyChair allows you to use the seat of your Baby Jogger City Select (not included) as a high chair. The HyChair securely fits to most table tops and folds compactly to fit in your under seat basket when not in use. Carry bag included.
The City Select Belly Bar provides children with a soft padded area to hold on to while the stroller is in use.
Our Baby Jogger Carry Bags make carrying or storing your stroller as convenient as possible. The Baby Jogger Carry Bags are made with specialized storage compartments for your wheels, durable fabric and a sturdy carry strap. Available in black only.
The City Select Foot Muff helps to keep your little one warm. The fleece lined Foot Muff fits perfectly into the seat of your City Select and provides a warm cozy place for babies to relax. Suitable from birth to approximately 24 months.
The City Select Under Seat Basket Rain and Wind Canopy is custom designed to fit the This accessory completely encloses the storage basket under the seat of the stroller.
The Car Seat Adaptor for the City Select allows you to use your Car Seat with your City Select stroller. It is designed to fit several popular car seat models including those by Maxi Cosi, Peg Perego, Britax, Graco, Chicco and Evenflo. (To configure for two car seats, the second seat for the stroller must be purchased in advance as the second seat mounting brackets are required to support the second car seat.)
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Learn to Crochet by Making Amigurumi Pattern GC45107 - Called "amigurumi" in Japan—translation "knitted doll"—little crocheted animals and dolls have become a favorite of collectors worldwide.
Designed for the beginning crocheter, this amigurumi how-to booklet features step-by-step photos to show and tell the stitches and steps needed to crochet, assemble and embellish an irresistible 7" amigurumi bear.
Skill Level: Beginner
Size: 7" tall
Shipping Policy
Orders are generally shipped within 1-3 business days of the order being submitted to us. We ship orders Monday, Wednesday and Thursday each week with the exception of any major US holidays. Our shipping and handling charges include the costs for Customer Service, processing and postage. Shipping and handling is non-refundable. We accept payment through PayPal, Visa, MasterCard, and Discover Card. We do not accept Cash, Checks or Money Orders; please do not send these to us!
Return Policy
Our policy lasts for 60 days. If 60 days have passed since your purchase was made, unfortunately we can not offer you a refund. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging. To complete your return, we require a receipt or proof of purchase be sent with your return. Please do not send your purchase back to the product manufacturer. There are certain situations where only partial refunds are granted: Books with obvious signs of use Any item not in its original condition, is damaged or missing parts for reasons not due to our error. There are certain situations where no refund will be granted: CD or DVD that has been opened Clearance/Bargain Items - Only regular priced items may be refunded, unfortunately Clearance/Bargain items cannot be refunded.
Download Policy
Maggie's Crochet Brand offers download versions of most of our products. Adobe Reader is required when opening the patterns. If you do not have Adobe Reader installed on your computer or device, you can download it here: http://get.adobe.com/reader/. Please note: Using other programs such as Preview or PDF Complete will cause printing errors and more. Due to the nature of downloadable products, we cannot and will not refund the cost of the item. If the item is a Maggie's Crochet Brand pattern, we can generally mail the pattern to you if you are having trouble downloading. Shipping and handling charges will have to be charged using a credit card by phone. Some downloads are not available to ship out - these are noted and all sales are final on those products. If you are not sure, please contact customer service.
Copyright Policy
Any person in violation of our copyright will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. This site is owned and operated by Maggie Weldon Designs. All the content on this site, including but not limited to photographs, pattern designs, logos and text is owned by Maggie Weldon Designs. All materials contained on this site are protected by both United States and International copyright laws and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, published or broadcast without the prior written permission of Maggie Weldon Designs. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from copies of the content. A copy of downloaded patterns may be printed by the purchaser, for personal use only and are not to be distributed. Items made from Maggie's Crochet patterns may be sold, however a notice must be attached to each item giving credit to both Maggie's Crochet and the pattern designer.


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Acute-onset, non-weight-bearing lameness is, and will continue to be, one of the most common emergencies ambulatory practitioners diagnose and manage in the field.
To continue reading this article, become a member of TheHorse.com.
It's FREE and you'll get full access to more than 20,000 articles, video, free reports & more.


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Starting out on Spitalfields Market in East London, Gemma Shiel founded her cult graphic illustration label, Lazy Oaf, in 2001. The label has steadily grown into a lifestyle brand featuring t-shirts, bodycon skirts and jersey dresses, all adorned with the Lazy Oaf's signature playful prints.
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See also: Calendar of events==Most significant solar cooking projects==
- January 2013: World's largest solar cooking class takes place in India - On January 19, 2013, middle school students gathered on the grounds of JES College in Jalna, India to be trained in the use of a simple solar panel cooker. After a quick breakfast, and guidance from 205 trainers, a record-breaking 2,044 students assembled their own solar cooker and placed prepared ingredients inside to cook. After speaker presentations, they were able to enjoy the lunch they had cooked themselves. This event, sponsored by Simplified Technology for Life, demonstrates that India is quite serious about introducing solar cooking to young students. Ajay Chandak reports that included in the Indian government's five-year plan for 2012 through 2016, 30,000 million INR (approx. $600,000,000USD) is budgeted for solar cooking instruction in 500,000 schools.
- April 2010: Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. recently completed installation of an enormous solar steam cooking system, capable of cooking 40,000-50,000 meals per day. It is located at Shirdi Saibaba temple in Shirdi, Maharashtra, India. With nearly 30,000 visitors each day, the temple's dining halls are some of the largest in India. The solar steam cooking system is comprised of seventy-three rooftop-mounted Scheffler reflectors of sixteen square meters each. The dishes concentrate sunlight on receivers that contain water, generating steam that is piped down to the kitchen for cooking purposes. To maintain constant focus with the sun, the dishes automatically rotate throughout the day after being manually aligned once each morning. The solar steam cooking system is retrofitted to existing liquid petroleum gas-powered steam boilers that are still used in the evening and during prolonged periods of inclement weather. Though the solar steam cooking system cost nearly $300,000, government subsidies reduced the temple's portion to about $170,000. Liquid petroleum gas use has been cut by roughly 100,000 kilograms each year, for an annual savings of approximately $45,000. The temple should recoup its investment in three to four years. According to company founder Deepak Gadhia, the solar steam cooking technology was originally developed in Germany. However, the equipment does not contain imported components and is manufactured with local machinery and labor, creating much-needed jobs. Gadhia has adapted the system for use in India, and has installed 50 such systems of varying sizes over the past two decades. The March edition of CNN's Eco Solutions program highlights the Shirdi Saibaba temple solar steam cooking system.
- See other Most significant solar cooking projects worldwide.
News and Recent Developments
- April 2014:
- March 2014: Rural schools receive solar cooking sysytems - Ajay Chandak wants to update the solar cooking community that a Scheffler Community Kitchen has been installed and tested at the Aapla Ghar school for homeless rural children located in Naldurg, India. After cooking their first meal on this solar system the students and management were more than happy. He brings particular attention and notice of appreciation to the local M.P. Dr. Ashok Ganguly, who arranged financing of the project through their M.P fund, contributing $23,000 USD to the project. Also, another Scheffler system is to be opened soon at an orphanage located in Dhule.
- February 2014: The Jawahar Navodiya Vidyalya school is saving $23,000 in annual fuel costs - The residential school Jawahar Navodiya Vidyalya located in Ladakh, India appreciates having their solar cooking system, which is saving them $23,000 USD in annual fuel costs. More than 570 students and staff members are served daily meals. "It is not only very easy to operate, but it provides us [with] hot water for washing the dishes in the cold season," says Tashi, one of the kitchen staff. The arid desert region is known as the "land of high passes". Previously, remote areas like this one have had to rely on kerosene and firewood for heating and cooking, and considerable money was being spent simply getting kerosene delivered. Read more... - Asia Times Online
- January 2014: School in North Coimbatore begins solar cooking mid-day meals Two PRINCE - 40 institutional parabolic solar cookers will soon be cooking noon meals for students at a school in North Coimbatore. Each PRINCE unit (designed by Professor Ajay Chandak) costs 68,000 Indian rupees ($1,000 USD) and includes a 35-liter (32 quart) pressure cooker. The first two units will be used on a test basis. If successful, the municipality will order PRINCE cookers for all sixteen schools in the region. The Indian National Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides a sixty percent subsidy for the solar cookers, which will cut expenses by reducing the consumption of LPG and wood. On December 9, 2013 Professor Ajay Chandak, a global leader in the solar thermal cooking sector, was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES). Chandak will represent "Solar Heating and Cooling". ISES is a UN-accredited NGO that is active in over 110 countries.
- January 2014: India raises the bar for the world's largest solar cooking class - "As many as 3,484 children from over 80 schools participated in the largest solar cooking initiative Suryakumbh on January 4th, which has qualified as an entry to the Guinness Book of World Records. The emergence of renewable sources of energy as an answer to the imminent exhaustion of conventional energy sources pushed a Bhayander NGO, Keshav Srushti, to start with the most influential members of society, children." - dna The class was held in Mumbai, India. Read more...
- December 2013: Government sponsored solar cooking systems installed in Jaipur - Two state run hostels for girls in Jaipur, India, have installed Scheffler Community Kitchen solar cooking systems to meet the cooking needs for 600 students. Each system has four dishes of 16 square meters and will help conserve 4,500 kgs of liquefied cooking gas (LPG) annually assuming about 275 normal sunny days. It is estimated the pay back will be less than 4 years and reduce the financial burden to the state government. Read more...
- November 2013: GloboSol introduces solar cooking technology and bio-mass stoves in Madhya Pradesh, India - Alec Gagneux, of GloboSol, spent several months at one of the Ekta Parishad ashrams in the city of Katni in central India last spring. He demonstrated the value of using the simple technologies of solar cooking, solar food drying and bio-mass stoves. With the help of local craftspeople, the group assembled their own food dryers and solar cookers. During his stay, Alec met local residents who were willing to organize more demonstrations at local schools, intended to help draw the attention of local political leaders. Read more at:Report India 2013
- November 2013: Solar cooking receives a new platform to speak from - The second edition of Sun Focus, a quarterly magazine devoted to concentrated solar heat has just been released. The new publication from India was founded by Dr Farooq Addullah. He explains that the magazine will focus on off-grid applications of concentrated solar technologies (CSTs) for the purpose of saving fuel oil, firewood, and LPG in industrial and commercial establishments using heat between 80 °C and 250 °C. Solar cooking plays a major role in the content. This latest edition's cover article is devoted to the latest developments of the Scheffler Community Kitchen, written by noted solar cooking designer and advocate for solar cooking education in public schools, Ajay Chandak. Read his article on page 11. Scheffler Solar Concentrators in India - Sun Focus
- October 2013: The Haryana Renewable Energy Development Agency reports that Haryana is one of the few states in the country where solar cookers are being promoted by providing subsidy on box/dish type solar cooker. The Govt. of India is also promoting dish type solar cookers by providing subsidy@ Rs.2100/- per Sq. meter of the collector area limited to 30 % cost of the cooker and box type solar cookers @ Rs. 3600/- per sq. Meter of the collector area. During the year 2011-12, there was a target of distribution of 1750 solar cookers in the state with state subsidy provision of Rs. 20.0 lacs. During the year 2012-13, there is a target of 500 Dish type solar cookers & 1000 box type solar cookers with a state budget of Rs. 17.50 lac.
- September 2013: The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), a public company in Ahmedabad, India, is distributing solar box cookers to villagers as part of a conservation program designed to make people aware that by using solar cookers to bake and simmer they can save their LPG for specific cooking needs and save money by reducing their consumption of this expensive fuel without having to give it up entirely. For more information, contact Devang Joshi at Rudra Solar Energy.
- July 2013: Scheffler solar kitchen installed at Mt. Abu spiritual center -The Scheffler Community Kitchen has been installed as a collaboration between the Academy for a Better World and Brahma Kumaris World Spiritual University, with technology from Solare Brücke, Germany. With 84 receivers and cooking at 650 degrees, the system can produce up to 38,500 meals a day when the sun is at its peak. Read more...
- May 2013: It was a solar week at Barli Development Institute for Rural Women in which a week-long solar cooker training of SK-14 solar cookers was organised at the Institute's campus (5-11 May 2013). The training was attended by 26 trainee-women of the outgoing 104th batch of women trainees. The rural and tribal women trainees eagerly learnt the process of assembling the solar cookers, cooking various dishes, and maintaining the cookers. The training was conducted by Mr. Yogesh Jadhav (Chief Operating Officer, Barli Institute) who took over from Mr. Jimmy McGilligan when he retired from the Institute in April 2011. After the training each of the trainees promised to save the environment and use the solar cookers.
- April 2013: LPG cylinder replacment is slow and unpredictable - Gautam Raja reports that is his area gas customers will first receive two cylinders of fuel when they establish their gas service. But when they run out, replacement can take over two weeks. Deliveries arrive unannounced, so the customer may miss it, and have to start the process all over again. Many residents have switched over to electrical induction cook tops, but the power supply can be less than reliable. Concerned about missing his morning chai, Gautam then discovered solar cookers, and was amazed by their capabilities. They help fill the gap, that is until the monsoon season. Read more...
- February 2013: Solar cooking and processing workshops in India - Celestino Ruivo, of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia da Universidade do Algarve in Portugal, traveled to India at the end of January to attend the 1st International Solar Food Processing Network workshop at the Muni Seva Ashram in Goraj, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. He brought with him 50 kg. of solar cooking bagage: 8 black pots, 16 glasses of windows cloth washing machines, corrugated sheet metal, reflective foil and tools to make low cost and effective portable funnel cookers. Creatively, Celestino used his suitcase as the mold to construct examples of his solar funnel cooker in concrete. He also gave a lecture about solar cooking and how to construct a funnel cooker at the CT institute in Punjab for more than 300 students, as well teaching solar cooking for ladies in domestic context at Jalandhar. The eight funnel cookers were donated to friends in Hyderabad, Mumbai, Muni Seva Ashram, Vadodara, Jalandhar and New Delhi.
- February 2013: The Solar Food Processing Network (SFPN) held a regional workshop in January 2013 at the Muni Seva Ashram in Goraj, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. This gathering was a follow-up to the 2009 AFPN conference held in Indore, India in 2010. Workshop participants heard from food marketing and technology experts. Conference organizers, Deepak Gadhia and Rolf Behringer held discussions on local and international marketing, village industries, packaging, policy interventions, R&D, and effective monitoring and evaluation of projects. Attendees discussed the formation of an international solar food standard and shared their own practical experiences using solar technology for food processing. Visit the Solar Food Processing Network to see a muscial video of the event and videos of solar food processing projects in Burkina Faso.
- January 2013: World's largest solar cooking class takes place in India - On January 19, 2013, middle school students gathered on the grounds of JES College in Jalna, India to be trained in the use of a simple solar panel cooker. After a quick breakfast, and guidance from 205 trainers, a record-breaking 2,044 students assembled their own solar cooker and placed prepared ingredients inside to cook. After speaker presentations, they were able to enjoy the lunch they had cooked themselves. This event, sponsored by Simplified Technology for Life, demonstrates that India is quite serious about introducing solar cooking to young students.
- January 2013: Parabolic community solar cookers used for midday meals in rural schools - WOTR is a nonprofit organization that has been operating in five Indian states since the early nineties. They have untaken a unique solar cooking project targeting Zilla Parishad primary schools in the Sangamner and Akole taluka of the Ahmadnagar district. The objective was to find ways to help prepare their midday meal. Currently, twenty-three solar cookers are in service. After a careful study of all options, it was decided to deploy the PRINCE - 40 parabolic solar cooker, designed by Ajay Chandak, for the pilot installation in fifty-three villages across three states – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. Most of the schools where these cookers are installed are using them as main source of energy for the mid-day meals. Read more about the project at: A Report on Deployment of Parabolic Community Solar Cookers for Midday Meals in Rural Schools
- December 2012: Indian Government's Ambitious New Solar Cooking Policy - Deepak Gadhia reports that the Indian government has announced a very ambitious Solar Cooking Policy under the Jawharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, JNSSM Phase II Targets for "Solar Cookers and Steam Generating Systems will include: At-least 100 institutions that would deploy solar cookers (Likely Solar Steam and Thermic Fluid System Cooking Systems for Institutional Cooking for 500 + people); Around 25,000 installations of solar cooking devices in schools for mid day meals. (Likely Scheffler Cookers, PRINCE 40, 60 and other mid-size solar cookers that can cook for 50+ people; An overall target of deployment of 50,000 solar cookers would be set in Phase II of JNNSM. (Likely the SK 10/ Sk 14/ Prince 15, etc. for domestic cooking).
- November 2012: Regional Solar Food Processing Network to be established in India - Rolf Behringer reports that the German NGO WISIONS has agreed to support the establishment in India of the first regional Solar Food Processing Network. A workshop to inaugurate this effort will take place in early 2013 (date and location to be announced). The aim of the Solar Food Processing Network (SFPN) is to establish a global network of interested parties (NGOs, governments, farmers, and manufacturers) to develop and promote efficient methods of solar food processing and conservation. These are intended to help reduce poverty, improve local economic opportunities and health, and decrease environmental damage. In countries with high solar insolation, effective solar thermal production technologies will contribute to the sustainable development of small rural communities. SFPN is managed by the German NGO Solare Zukunft (Solar Future in English). It is financially supported by WISIONS, an initiative of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy to foster practical sustainable energy projects.
- November 2012: The Times of India reports that the Akshardham temple in the capital has switched from piped natural gas to solar technology for cooking its daily quota of close to 4,000 meals every day. The solar concentrator, named ARUN®100, produces steam which powers the cooking process. Read more...
- May 2012: The Telegraph of Calcutta reports that State Animal and Fish Resources Minister Giriraj Singh will not be affected if the government of India cuts subsidies for LPG cooking gas and kerosene. He has started using solar cookers to prepare meals at home. Fearing a rise in cooking gas prices, he has already started using solar cookers. He has also urged the state energy minister, Vijendra Prasad Yadav, to come up with a plan to reduce the dependence of government buildings on traditional sources of power. Solar energy, the minister suggested, would be a suitable alternative.
- March 2012: To save the Golden Temple from the ill-effects of pollution the Punjab Energy Development Agency(PEDA) is developing a plan to prepare a daily meal of Langar dal with the help of a solar steam cooking system. PEDA is the governmental agency promoting renewable energy within Punjab, India. To prepare Langar dal for 50,000 to 60,000 devotees daily at the Golden Temple, requires one ton (909 kg) of dal to be cooked each day. A recent study has shown cooking dal with the help of steam will save at least 25 LPG cylinders and also keep the environment pollution-free. PEDA chairman Manjeet Singh said they would bear the entire project cost.
- February 2012: The Solar Fire TinyTech Concentrator has been developed by the TinyTech company for use as either a village power source, or to generate steam for institutional cooking. It measures 90 sq. meters and is a fixed focus completely folding concentrator, not requiring any foundation in the ground.
- February 2012: Medical colleges including those owned by the State Governments across the country are gearing up to do their bit to tackle climate change by adopting environment-friendly measures. the Medical Council of India (MCI) has proposed that colleges give emphasis to promotion of national bio-gas and manure management programs (NBMMP), national biomass cook-stove programs (NBCP), and solar cooking systems according to their suitability to ensure sustainability." Read More... - The Pioneer
- February 2012: Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Farooq Abdullah, noted at a recent seminar in Ambala, India, that the rapid rise in the use of fossil fuels has threatened exhaustion of conventional energy sources in the country. He said most of the energy required in the industry, transportation and agriculture field is generated from fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. Farooq said his ministry had chalked out a detailed plan to promote solar cooking. - IBN Live
- January 2012: Private equity firm Zephyr Peacock has reportedly invested $11,000,000 USD in Mumbai-based Gadhia Solar in India.. The solar energy company provides energy solutions by using parabolic concentrated technology and has implemented some of the world's largest solar thermal systems during the past two decades. Read more...
- January 2012: Ajay Chandak reports that in the Indian government's 12th five year plan, 2012-2016, 30000 million INR (approx. 600 million USD) is budgeted for solar cooking in a half a million schools. This will not only help in saving environment, but will expose millions and millions of school children to solar cooking and build the confidence that these systems work. This project is included among Most significant solar cooking projects.
- November 2011: The World Intellectual Property Organization commissioned an extensive report on the state of solar cooking, prepared by Scope e-Knowledge Center Private Limited based in India. Released in August 2011, the report validates the viability of solar cooking, a technology well-suited for a growing portion of the world's population. It also provides a number of examples of various designs that have applied for patents.
- October 2011: The latest PRINCE newsletter announces a scheduled training for Scheffler Reflector Solar Cookers coming January 21 -27, 2012. Next, PRINCE founder Ajay Chandak has received an Energy Conservation Award from the Government of Maharashtra. Also, PRINCE has organized a networking workshop for all stakeholders in the renewable energy business on January 25 - 26, 2012. PRINCE Biogas Plants now approved by MNRE. Read more about these items: PRINCE newsletter, Fall 2011
- June 2011: First Solar Cooking Training on World Environment Day - Janak McGillian reports that Sanawdiya, a village located at the historic Devguradiya Temple, is increasingly affected by smoke from toxic dumps. On World Environment Day, June 4th and 5th, Janak organized a program to combat this smoke. With many guest speakers, the highlight of the program was a demonstartion of solar cooking with a SK-14 parabolic solar cooker. There was considerable interest from the villagers from Sanawadiya and farmers from the surrounding area. Read details of the event at: First Solar Cooking Training on World Environment Day
- January 2011: Government clears plan for sixty solar cities. The Centre will kick off an ambitious scheme to develop sixty solar cities in two years. It will be done in collaboration with city corporations, municipalities and district councils. The focus will be on renewable energy devices such as kitchen waste-based plants, solar water heating systems, solar cooking systems, solar steam generation, drying and air heating systems, solar air-conditioning, bio-mass gasification based systems and biogas.
- January 2011: RNCOS Report Predicts Growth of Solar Cookers in India. RNCOS, market research and information analysis company, in its recent report titled, "Indian Solar Energy Market Outlook 2012", studies the latest trends in the industry by utilizing inputs from the state and central regulatory background of the country. According to the report, the solar cookers in India will witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% in 2010-2013. The report details the rapid growth of solar industry in India and predicts that it will grow more in future. There is a growing demand for solar products in rural areas, and the trend will continue in the future too. The report quotes that the Solar Cookers International has rated India as the foremost country with abundant solar cooking potential. It mentions the various steps taken by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in India in popularizing the usage of solar cookers in government organizations, villages, societies, hostels and hotels. The report also discusses various factors that push the growth of solar cooker market in India.
- December 2010: Institutional solar cooking gains momentum in India. A news release from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, reporting on important activities in 2010, states: Solar concentrating systems, comprising automatically tracked of parabolic dishes, have been found to be useful for generating steam to cook food for hundreds and thousands of people in community kitchens especially at religious places such as Shirdi, Mount Abu, Tirupati etc. The world's largest system is functioning at Shirdi for cooking food for 20,000 people/day. These systems have found good applications for air conditioning and laundry also and a few demonstration plants have recently been installed. A total of around 80 concentrating systems of different capacities covering 25,000 sq.m. of dish area are functioning in the country, largely for cooking purpose. During 2010, 15 such systems were sanctioned covering a dish area of around 3000 sq.m. More Information...
- July 2010: The Ahmedabad-based Self Employed Women's Association has joined forces with the Sierra Club to provide new green jobs and technology for SEWA's 1.5 million members in India. Ninety-three percent of India's workforce remains in the informal sector, said Nanavaty, executive director of SEWA. "The Indian economy is growing tremendously, but how do the rural poor also avail of these opportunities?" Sailesh Rao, president and founder of the San Jose, Calif.-based Climate Healers, said his non-profit organization had come up with two solar cook stoves, one that could slow-cook a meal like rice and daal throughout the day, and another that could prepare rotis almost instantly. Women using the solar stoves could also generate an income by selling their carbon credits, Rao told India-West after the talk, envisioning a plan where the credits could be sold for $11 per metric ton, netting rural women about $4.
- June 2010: India's richest temple - Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD), at Tirumala is relying entirely on clean energy to feed over 70,000 people everyday. The temple has installed solar powered lights, solar cooking system, windmills and a water recycling station. "The basic principle is conversion of water into steam energy. We're converting the solar energy into steam energy. The water flows through the pipes and the solar dishes concentrate the solar energy to the concentrators. In the concentrators the water is converted into steam and that steam is utilised for cooking," says Deputy Executive Engineer (Mechanical) KV Raman Rao. The solar array is similar to to the one recently installed in Shirdi, and also uses the Scheffler parabolic solar oven as the basis for their system.
- May 2010: Installation of solar cooking devices at the Vigyan ashram near Puna, India.. A project proposal for the installation of solar cooking devices(16sqm scheffler concentrator, PRINCE 40 solar parabolic cooker, tunnel drier, 12 sqm solar batch drier, Bakery / oven , biogas generator) at the Vigyan ashram was submitted to INDUSA. The proposal has been accepted for VA campus for the year 2010. The civil and foundation work are currently underway. More Information...
- April 2010: Gadhia Solar Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. recently completed installation of an enormous solar steam cooking system, capable of cooking 40,000-50,000 meals per day. It is located at Shirdi Saibaba temple in Shirdi, Maharashtra, India. With nearly 30,000 visitors each day, the temple's dining halls are some of the largest in India. The solar steam cooking system is comprised of 73 rooftop-mounted reflective dishes of 16 square meters each. The dishes concentrate sunlight on receivers that contain water, generating steam that is piped down to the kitchen for cooking purposes. To maintain constant focus with the sun, the dishes automatically rotate throughout the day after being manually aligned once each morning. The solar steam cooking system is retrofitted to existing liquid petroleum gas-powered steam boilers that are still used in the evening and during prolonged periods of inclement weather. Though the solar steam cooking system cost nearly $300,000, government subsidies reduced the temple's portion to about $170,000. Liquid petroleum gas use has been cut by roughly 100,000 kilograms each year, for an annual savings of approximately $45,000. The temple should recoup its investment in three to four years. According to company founder Deepak Gadhia, the solar steam cooking technology was originally developed in Germany. However, the equipment does not contain imported components and is manufactured with local machinery and labor, creating much-needed jobs. Gadhia has adapted the system for use in India, and has installed 50 such systems of varying sizes over the past two decades. The March edition of CNN's Eco Solutions program highlights the Shirdi Saibaba temple solar steam cooking system.
The History of Solar Cooking in India
India, Asia's second largest country, next to China, has also the second largest number of solar cookers. The situation in India is more complex than that of China. More is also known about Indian programs. The Third World Conference on Solar Cooking was held in India, permitting the history and progress of solar the technology's uses to become better known around the world.
An official government report informs the reader that the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India, was established in 1982, first as a Department and later as a Ministry. The Ministry's mandate extends well beyond solar cooking, including fuel efficient wood and charcoal stoves, power from other renewable sources, energy from industrial wastes, research and development in a number of related fields (photovoltaics, biogas, and pollution prevention, for example). MNES began seriously to promote solar cooking in the early 80s, with an initial focus almost entirely on the box cooker.
The population of India is roughly 70% rural. MNES states that "cooking accounts for a major share of the total energy consumption in rural homes (Singhal, correspondence, 2003, p. 1). Sources of that energy are largely fuelwood, animal dung, or crop residues, all of which emit smoke, pollute the atmosphere, and are deterimental to health and safety of family members, particularly women. Fuelwood is become scarcer each year. FAO data show that 21.6% of the Indian land mass is forested, and conservation efforts are in place to reverse previous loss. The effort is affected by the large and dense population and a slowing but still substantial birth rate (continuing to increase at 1.7% per annum, or 17% in a decade). Solar cooking has been viewed as one way to alleviate a number of India's problems and as such was supported by government efforts.
The Press Bureau of the Government of India reported in 2007 that there are 525,000 solar cookers installed in India.[1] The Press Bureau also reported in 2003 that, "The solar cooker programme has been expanded by introducing new designs for community use. Three solar steam cooking systems based on automatic tracking concentrating collective technology for cooking food for 600-3,000 people per day, and one system based on 'Solar Bowl' technology, have been installed. World's largest solar steam cooking system has been installed at Tirumala Tirupati. The system is designed to cook two meals for 15,000 persons in one day. Another system for 2,000 people was erected at Brahmakumaris Ashram in Gurgaon in July, 2002. Three community cookers for indoor cooking have been installed at a training hostel and an NGO's establishment in Leh. In all, six such systems have been installed under the MNES demonstration scheme. A total of 500 dish solar cookers and 60 community solar cookers have been installed so far."[2]
Culture and Economics
Solar Cookers International has rated India as the #1 country worldwide for solar cooking potential. In the year 2020, the estimated number of people in India who will suffer from fuel scarcity is 157,400,000, but these people will continue to have ample access to the sun. In December 2007, the Indian Government instituted a program of rebates on various renewable energy devices including solar cookers. Solar cooking has even been recommended in the Rig Veda, a sacred Hindu text, stating: "All edibles ripened or cooked in the sun's rays change into super medicine, the amrita."
Fuels used for cooking
- Firewood (22.74%)
- Kerosene (19.16%) and
- Other fuels(10.14)
- Firewood (64.10%)
- Other sources of biomass – crop residue (13.10%)
- Cow‐dung (12.80%), and
- LPG (5.67%) is now increasing in importance. [1]
Fuel subsidies
The Economic Times of India reports:
- While 300 million people live below poverty line, making do with energy inefficient dung cakes, twigs and branches, and occasional bits of coal, the urban middle class and the rural rich are splurging on cheap petrol and diesel and even cheaper kerosene and liquified petroleum gas.
- The subsidy is massive - hidden by a disingenuous device called oil bonds. Here are some rock solid facts. IOC, HPCL and BPCL are currently losing $137 million a day (i.e., Rs 582 crore per day at Rs 42.50 = $1). They lose Rs 16.34 for each litre of petrol, and Rs 23.49 for each litre of diesel sold in Delhi.
- The subsidy on kerosene at Rs 28.72 per litre is over three times the current retail price; and the subsidy on a cylinder of cooking gas at Rs 306 per cylinder exceeds the retail price. The total under-recovery for the oil marketing companies for 2006-07 was over $19 billion. With oil prices touching $135, under-recoveries can be $50 billion this year, unless retail prices are substantially increased.[3]
The Telegraph (UK) reported in September 2013 that, "Food and fuel subsidies are gobbling up much of the budget, while investment atrophies."[4]
Solar cooking already has a significant presense in India, especially with large scale projects, but the potential remains for its use to still significantly replace the use of conventioal fuels.
Cultural acceptance
In a report presented during the Asian Clean Energy Forum in June 2008, Soma Dutta, Asia Regional Network Coordinator for the Amsterdam-based ENERGIA International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy, states that only 45% of India's 70% rural population have access to electricity, and over 80 percent still rely on firewood as their primary cooking fuel, the gathering of which is a responsibility that almost always falls to the women and girls in a society. The long hours and significant effort spent simply gathering firewood leaves them little time for education or employment. [5]
Introductions of new technologies fail in villages for many reasons, but most commonly due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of local cultural customs. Solar cooking has often suffered this fate despite the purported cost savings because it is not introduced in a way that suited the lifestyles of the individuals using it.
A solar stove is most powerful at the times of the strongest sunlight, which is mid-day and early afternoon. As in many agricultural populations, village farmers in India consume their biggest meals by early to mid-morning and then again late at night, after the sun has set. In addition, certain solar stoves are not conducive to Indian-style cooking which is done mostly with oil (with the exception of rice) and requires frequent temperature manipulation as well as stirring and flipping which was is difficult with many solar cookers.[6]
While technical constraints limit the types of solar cookers likely to be widely adopted in India, there is historic precedent for solar cooking in Indian culture. A passage in ancient Vedic texts state, " Sun cooked food improves cellular health and longevity of life. It strengthens health and mind removes three major physical disorders to do with digestion, blood and respiratory system, balances inner body temperatures, life, glows aura and keeps various obstacles away. Sun cooked food has great medicinal value. It enhances intellect, genius." ' Rig Veda'. - Reference from the princeindia.org website. See: PRINCE
See also
- Explaining the Unexpectedly Low Use of Solar Cookers in Gujarat, India - Girja Sharan and Raju Pandya
- Enhancing the acceptance of solar cooking in India
- July 2006: Integrated Approach for Promoting Solar Cookers in Rural Areas of Tamil Nadu - Dr. Sathyavathi Muthu and Ms. G. Anuradha
- July 2006: Dissemination of Solar Cooker Information - Mamata Dutta
- An Analysis of Solar Cooker Usage - Bashir Ahmad
- Solar cooker dissemination and cultural variables
Possible funders of solar cooking projects in India
- GEF Small Grants Programme
- See also general guidance on raising funds through grants and donations
- November 2012: Explaining the Unexpectedly Low Use of Solar Cookers in Gujarat, India - Girja Sharan and Raju Pandya
- November 2012: Bashir Ahmad, a Research Fellow at the Technical University of Denmark, provides an analysis of solar cooker usage compared to conventional cooking methods. Data was collected for the study in India and Burkina Faso in the 80's and 90's. An Analysis of Solar Cooker Usage - Bashir Ahmad
- February 2012: Patricia McArdle attended a workshop dealing with the construction and proper alignment techniques for Scheffler Community Kitchens in Dhule, India: Read her report.
- January 2009: Watermelon Processing in Integrated Solar Heater, Cooker, and Dryer - P.C. Pande
- January 2009: Thematic Studies for Processing and Preservation of Foods with Solar Energy - Ranjita Bezbaruah Sharma
- January 2009: Fortification of Solar Dried Fruit Bars -G. Sarojini, V. Veena, M. Ramakrishna Rao
- January 2009: Perspectives of Solar Food Processing in India - C. Palaniappan
- January 2009: Micro-Enterprises in Solar Food Processing - M. Ramakrishna Rao, D.J. Rao, S.L. Kumar
- January 2009: Food Processing Through Solar Energy - Ghanshyam Lukhi
- January 2009: Promotion of SK14 Solar Cookers through an Eco Center- Case Study of a Unique North-South Co-operation - Dr. Shirin Gadhia
- January 2009: Promotion of Smoke Free Villages in Chittoor District & Employment Generation to Rural Youth - Jagadeeswara Reddy
- January 2009: Advancing towards achievement of Millennium Development Goals by training Rural and Tribal women in Solar Food Processing - A Hands-on Experience at Barli Development Institute for Rural Women in Central India - Dr. Janak Palta McGilligan
- August 2008: A Solar Cooking Day
- July 2006: Disseminsation of Solar Cooker Information - Mamata Dutta
- July 2006: Sustainable Energy Policies for Promotion of Solar Cookers in India - Sudha Mahalingam
- March 2003: India's solar cooker program - Solar Cooker Review
- June 2001 S. Narayanaswamy Sheds Light on Solar Cooking - India Together
- May 1999: Solar Cooking Technology - How Far are Technology Promoters and Users From Each Other?
Articles in the media
- February 2014: Sun Smiles on a Cold Desert - Independent European Daily Express
- November 2013: More Indian schools to get solar cookers - The Hindu
- August 2013: Solar cooking technology - The Hindu
- June 2013: 'Go solar for healthier food' - The Times of India
- April 2013: Vintage Visakha organized a demonstration of solar cooking at its office at Abidnagar. Solar cooking demo held - The Hindu
- March 2013: Solar City on the beam - The New Indian Express
- November 2012: Sun fuels hearth at Akshardham - The Times of India
- August 2012: INDIA's FIRST & UNIQUE "GREEN ASHRAM" at the Solar Capital of India GUJARAT – A model & multiplier for Renewable energy and Sustainable Community - urvishdave
- October 2012: Major Indian pilgrimage centres going green - AAJKI KABAR
- June 2012: Gujarat septuagenarian taps solar power - Daily News and Analysis
- June 2012: Ambaji temple goes green - The Times of India
- April 2012: Soon, Golden Temple may dish out solar-cooked langar - The Indian Express
- February 2012: Medical colleges into green mode for change - The Pioneer
- February 2012: Farooq for encouraging renewable energy sources - IBN Live
- December 2011: Plan to reap benefits of solar cooking system - The Hindu
- June 2011: Shirdi's Prasadalaya achieves a first, using solar energy to make meals for devotees - Daily India.com
- May 2011: Gurgaon goes green - Hindustan Times
- August 2010: Sierra Club Helps Bring Green Jobs to India - The Bay Citizen
- July 2010: Renewal Energy Park in India Set to Open During October 2010 - A to Z Cleantech
- June 2010: Smoke-free solar cooker cooks up interest in this tiny hamlet - The Times of India
- November 2009: "Every [Indian] individual/household should have a solar cooker," says Arvind Virmani, Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
- October 2009: Mass-market U.N. carbon scheme finds favor in India - Reuters
- July 2009: Economic Survey urges Indian Government to eliminate cooking fuel/kerosene subsidies and ensure rural households have a solar cooker and a solar lantern - The Hindu, Business Times
- July 2009: Solar energy to cook 30k meals at university - The Times of India
- February 2008: Bharat hot on solar cookers, new energy - The Times of India
- February 2008: Yes They Could, So They Did - New York Times
- July 2008: India's Temples Go Green - Time Magazine
- June 2008: India tackles climate change with renewable energy - The Guardian (UK)
- June 2008: Cooking with the sun - The Hindu
- June 2008: Kitchen for poor kids go high-tech (solar) in state homes - Express India
- June 2008: Gujarat industry opposed fuel price hikes - Thaindian News
- March 2008: Rewriting the Books in Ladakh - Cultural Survival Quarterly
- March 2008: Black carbon pollution emerges as major player in global warming - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
- February 2008: Fiscal policy to act as a tool to lighten the oil shock - The Economic Times
- February 2008: Govt looking for consultants to tap CDM benefits - The Economic Times
- January 2008: Everything under the sun - The Times of India
- July 2007: Holy smoke! Religious places too earning carbon credits - The Times of India
- April 2007: UN engages banks to light up rural India; Solar loans, energy access transform life for poor - EurekAlert
- March 2007: Solar cookers save Indian emissions - NDTV.com
Audio and Video
June 2006: Video showing the Smokeless Village where all inhabitants cook with solar cookers |
Deepak Gadhia's efforts promoting various solar powered projects.
External links
- A Solar Cooking Day in India
- Solar Cooking on the Roof - David Delaney
- Google search showing English translations of pages containing the words for "solar cooker" in Hindi
Indian solar cooking blogs
India contacts
See also
- ↑ http://static2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090624234723/solarcooking/images/8/8f/Performance_analysis_Solar_Parabolic_concentrator_for_cooking_applications_P._Rajamohan%2C_S._Shanmugan%2C_K._Ramanathan%2C_D._Mutharasu_%28January_2009%29.pdf