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merlino December 29, 2012
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jackass September 28, 2011
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US 7350141 B2 Abstract An architecture integrates spreadsheet functionality into tables commonly used in word processing programs and HTML documents. The architecture presents a table user interface (UI) that resembles a table when not being edited and adds spreadsheet elements to the table when being edited. Underlying the table UI, the architecture separates data handling functions from presentation functions. The architecture includes a table appearance manager to manage how the table appears in a document including such characteristics as table resizing, selection, cut, copy, paste, split, merge, table formatting and so on. The architecture also has a spreadsheet functionality manager to manage the spreadsheet functions for the table, such as recalculation, formula handling, sorting, referencing, and the like. The bifurcated architecture supports cross-table referencing, reference editing, automatic universal recalculation throughout all tables in the document, and nested table structures in which one table is nested within a cell of another table.
Claims(18) 1. A method implemented at least partially by a computer comprising:
displaying a document with both text in a body of the document and text in a spreadsheet table of the document, the spreadsheet table resembling a word processing table in appearance and supporting spreadsheet functionality, the document configured in a markup language, without object-linking or object-embedding to word processing or spreadsheet applications;
enabling a user to perform a control function on the body text and the spreadsheet table text to detect spelling or grammatical errors, the control function initiated via actuation of a single control; and
responsive to actuation of the single control, applying the control function to both the body text and across boundaries of the spreadsheet table to the spreadsheet table text.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
a grammar-check function to detect said grammatical errors across both the body text and the spreadsheet table text.
7. The method of
8. One or more processor-readable media having processor-readable instructions thereon which, when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:
displaying a document with both text in a body of the document and text in a spreadsheet table of the document, the spreadsheet table resembling a word processing table in appearance and supporting spreadsheet functionality, the document configured in a markup language, without object-linking or object-embedding to word processing or spreadsheet applications;
enabling a user to perform a control function on the body text and the spreadsheet table text to detect spelling or grammatical errors, the control function initiated via actuation of a single control; and
responsive to actuation of the single control, applying the control function to both the body text and across boundaries of the spreadsheet table to the spreadsheet table text.
9. The one or more processor-readable media of
10. The one or more processor-readable media of
11. The one or more processor-readable media of
12. The one or more processor-readable media of
13. The one or more processor-readable media of
14. The one or more processor-readable media of
15. A method implemented at least partially by a computer comprising:
displaying a document with both text in a body of the document and text in a spreadsheet table of the document, the spreadsheet table resembling a word processing table in appearance and supporting spreadsheet functionality; the document configured in a markup language, without object-linking or object-embedding to word processing or spreadsheet applications;
enabling a user to select a control function to modify or evaluate an aspect of the document, the control function initiated via actuation of a single control; and
responsive to actuation of the single control, applying the control function to both the body text and across boundaries of the spreadsheet table to the spreadsheet table text.
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. A computer readable medium having computer-executable instructions that, when executed on one or more processors, perform the method as recited in
Description This patent application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/599,810, titled �User Interface for Integrated Spreadsheets and Word Processing Tables�, filed on Jun. 21, 2000, commonly assigned herewith, and hereby incorporated by reference. This invention relates to computer programs, and particularly, to word processing and spreadsheet programs. More particularly, this invention pertains to an architecture for integrating spreadsheets and word processing tables in HTML (hypertext markup language) documents, and a user interface for the integrated table/spreadsheet. Word processing and spreadsheet programs are two well-known and widely used software applications. Word processing programs permit users to draft letters, write books, and create other word-centric documents on a computer. Word processing programs are typically designed with the author in mind by offering tools and user interfaces that make writing easier, such as edit functions (e.g., cut, copy, paste, find, replace, etc.), spell and grammar checking, document formatting, and the like. Examples of word processing programs include �Word� from Microsoft Corporation and �WordPerfect� from Corel Corporation. Spreadsheet programs enable users to create financial records, accounting spreadsheets, budgets, and other number-centric documents on a computer. Spreadsheet programs are developed with the accountant in mind, focusing on tools and user interfaces that simplify data entry and data manipulation. Spreadsheets typically offer such functionality as in-cell formulas, automatic recalculation as data changes, multi-sheet referencing, cell formatting according to data type (e.g., dates, currency, percentages, etc.), and the like. One example of a spreadsheet program is the �Excel� application from Microsoft Corporation. In the past, computer users who wanted to create primarily word-based documents would select a word processing program, while users who wished to produce number-oriented documents turned to spreadsheet programs. In some situations, however, word processing users might need to include numbers and a spreadsheet �look� to an otherwise word-dominated document. To accommodate such crossover situations, word processing programs evolved to offer tables, a visual structure that could be used to hold and organize numbers and other types of data. Tables arrange data in columns and rows, thereby emulating the spreadsheet �look�. Word processing users can insert a table, modify its layout, and change cell formats to achieve a specific visual appearance to their data. Some tables even support rudimentary functions, such as adding a set of contiguous cells. However, these functions do not automatically recalculate. Accordingly, while visually similar to spreadsheets, word processing tables do not support full spreadsheet functionality. More recently, object-oriented programming and OLE technologies have been used to provide a richer integration experience. With OLE, word processing users who want greater functionality can embed spreadsheet objects into their word processing documents, instead of tables. Essentially, this is akin to embedding an �Excel� spreadsheet (or other spreadsheet program) into a document running on the �Word� program (or other word processing program). The embedded object carries sufficient functionality to allow the user to enter formulas, format cells, recalculate functions, and do all of the things he/she would normally be able to do on a spreadsheet program. Though the embedded spreadsheet visually resembles a table and provides the desired spreadsheet functionality, it logistically remains a separate program that must be invoked by the user. OLE requires that both types of application programs�a word processor and a spreadsheet�be installed on the computer. When the user wants to update the embedded spreadsheet, the user invokes the spreadsheet object by moving a mouse pointer to anywhere on the embedded object and double clicking the left mouse button (or via some other actuation mechanism). In response, an instance of the spreadsheet program is executed and the spreadsheet changes appearance from a �table look� to a reduced size spreadsheet program with numbered rows and lettered columns and program specific menus. In this state, the user can change functions, modify data, reformat the spreadsheet, and perform other spreadsheet tasks. When the user is finished, the user returns focus to the word processing document by moving the mouse pointer outside the spreadsheet object and single clicking the left mouse button. While the OLE approach offers the full spreadsheet functionality within a word processing document, the process is somewhat sophisticated and typically performed by experienced users who are familiar with both spreadsheets and word processing programs. For novice or less experienced users, it may be confusing to see a table and not appreciate the difference between a word processing table and a full-functioning embedded spreadsheet object. From the user standpoint, different operations are used depending upon whether the visible structure is a table or a spreadsheet. Furthermore, common services such as text formatting, spell checking, and the like do not �tunnel� into the embedded OLE objects and thus, the user is forced to run such services for both the document and the embedded spreadsheet. Thus, even though the final appearance may be visually similar, word processing tables and spreadsheets provide two completely separate mechanisms for displaying information. Accordingly, there remains a need for better integration of spreadsheet functionality into word processing tables. With the rapidly growing popularity of the Internet, many documents delivered to and rendered on computers are written in markup languages, such as HTML (hypertext markup language). Markup languages can allow authors to easily construct a desired visual layout of the document. Some HTML documents provide tables that look and function as if they were integrated with the surrounding text. For instance, financial Websites commonly offer informative discussions on retirement planning, college savings, or buying a house and include with those discussions one or more tables that invite the user to fill in their personal financial information and goals. When the user finishes entering the data fields, the document appears to make on-the-fly calculations and present the results together with the discussions. Despite the appearance of in-document calculations, the HTML document is nothing more than an electronic form that receives data entered by the user. When the user completes entry, the HTML document is submitted to a Web server that extracts the user data and makes the appropriate financial calculations. The server places the results in another HTML document and serves the document back to the user's computer. The submit and reply occur very quickly, so the user may be unaware that the HTML document holding the results is different than the HTML document into which he/she initially entered data. In any event, the traditional separation between spreadsheets and tables has persisted into the Web-based era. A system architecture integrates spreadsheet functionality into tables commonly used in word processing programs and HTML documents. The architecture presents a table user interface (UI) that appears a part of the document, and may be surrounded by text and other document elements. In an HTML document, for example, the table is an HTML element constructed along with other elements and rendered together as an integrated document. Once rendered, the table UI visually resembles a table in a non-editing mode and a spreadsheet in an editing mode. The feel of the table, however, remains much like a word processing table in that a user can type multiple paragraphs, create lists, split cells, and so forth. However, unlike typical word processing tables, the table supports full spreadsheet functionality. Underlying the table UI, one implementation of the architecture separates data handling functions from presentation functions. The architecture includes a table appearance manager to manage how the table appears in a document including such characteristics as table resizing, selection, cut, copy, paste, split, merge, table formatting and so on. The architecture also has a spreadsheet functionality manager to manage the spreadsheet functions for the table, such as recalculation, formula handling, sorting, referencing, and the like. The bifurcated architecture supports cross-table referencing in which a cell in one table can reference a cell in another table in the same document, even though the tables are separate from one another. As part of the cross-table referencing, the architecture allows a user to reference the cell in the other table using a reference edit operation (e.g., move pointer to cell and click to capture content in the cell). The architecture further accommodates automatic universal recalculation throughout all tables in the document. Thus, when a user modifies the contents of one table, the architecture automatically recalculates any formulas in any tables affected by the modification. The architecture also supports nested table structures in which one table is nested within a cell of another table. Many other architectural features and UI features are also described. This disclosure describes an architecture that integrates spreadsheet functionality into tables commonly used in word processing programs and HTML documents. The architecture provides a single mechanism for users to combine the best features of a word processing table with the best features of a spreadsheet engine. In the described implementation, the architecture provides the integrated table and spreadsheet in a document written in a markup language (e.g., HTML). In this manner, the user is afforded the rich HTML formatting options of both text and tables, including table layout changes (e.g., merging and splitting cells), as well as the data specific calculation and formatting features that are traditionally associated only with a separate spreadsheet application. However, it is noted that the architecture may be useful in other document types that are not rooted in a markup language. The architecture 100 separates data handling functions from presentation functions of the integrated table/spreadsheet. In this manner, the architecture may be characterized as a cooperation of two system managers: a table appearance manager 116 and a spreadsheet functionality manager 118. The table appearance manager 116 manages how the table appears in a document and facilitates such tasks as table resizing, selection, cut, copy, paste, split, merge, table formatting and so on. The table appearance manager 116 includes the table object 104, the spreadsheet objects 106, and the spreadsheet editor 108. The spreadsheet functionality manager 118 manages the spreadsheet functions for the table, such as recalculation, formula handling, sorting, referencing, and the like. The spreadsheet functionality manager 118 includes the spreadsheet engine 112 and worksheet functions 114. With the bifurcated architecture, the spreadsheet functionality manager 118 is not concerned with the table layout or other visual features, and the table appearance manager 116 is not concerned with data management, formulas, and recalculation processes. The bifurcated architecture 100 is advantageous in that it supports cross-table referencing among multiple tables. It also allows reference editing during formula entry to allow convenient selection of other cells and capturing of their contents as variants used in the formula. The architecture further facilitates automatic universal recalculation throughout all tables in the document in response to user modification of a single table. A document 120 is constructed and rendered on the document renderer 102. The document 120 combines one or more text-based body elements 122 with one or more tables 124. For discussion purposes, the document 120 is written in a markup language, such as XML (extensible markup language). XML documents have an advantage in that they can be transformed using XSL (extensible stylesheet language) and rendered directly as HTML (hypertext markup language). In this case, the renderer 102 may be implemented as a browser or other application that handles and renders HTML documents. The table 124 is thus rendered as an HTML table. In this example, the user is entering a summation formula in cell C6. Using a mouse pointer 310, the user is referencing an array of cells C2 through C5 for entry into the formula. Upon confirmation (e.g., releasing the left mouse button), a reference to the cells C2-C5 are inserted into the summation formula in cell C6 and the formula is calculated to add the dollar amounts in column C. The result of $12,060 is inserted into cell C6. The many features of the table user interface are discussed in greater detail below under the section heading �User Interface Features�. With reference again to The spreadsheet engine 112 includes a grid object 130 that receive events indicative of user activity in the table 124 and coordinates actions among various objects. There is one grid object 130 for each table created in the document 120. The workbook 110 tracks all grid objects 130 to resolve any cross-table referencing. Upon creation, the grid object 130 registers with the workbook 110 so that it can participate when tables are updated. The grid object keeps an interface to the spreadsheet objects 106 (this is technically a browser behavior but could be any object) to fetch values from the HTML tree maintained at the renderer 102. The grid object 130 maintains two tables: a format table 132 and a cell table 134. The format table 132 holds information about the data format of each cell in the table 124. For instance, the cell may contain dates, numbers, dollar amounts, percentages, and so forth. The cell table 134 stores the actual data for each cell in the table 124. In the example shown in The cell table 134 holds the actual data in the cells of the table 124, such as text, values, and formulas. The cell table 134 stores pointers to multiple cells 136(1)-136(C), one for each cell in the table. Each cell 136 is an object with a variant containing the parsed value of the cell and a reference to complete information about the cell. If the cell contains text or numeric data (e.g., cells A1-A6, B1-B5, and C1-C5 in The spreadsheet engine 112 includes a formula manager 140 to handle all formulas and parsing duties for formulas, data values, and references (e.g., D4:E23). The workbook 110 serves as the linkage between the formula manager 140 and the registered grids 130. The formula manager 140 maintains a recalculation engine 142 that performs recalculation of all formulas in response to event changes in the table. In one implementation, the recalculation engine 142 maintains the formulas for a document in a bi-directional linked list, sometimes referred to as the �formula chain�. Following a recalculation event (e.g., user entry of a new data value or new formula), the recalculation engine 142 traverses the list, evaluating formulas that may be affected by the event. If the current formula depends on other formulas that have not yet been evaluated, the current formula is moved to the end of the list. After one recalculation pass, the formula list is organized in natural order and will not need to be reordered during subsequent recalculations unless new formulas are added. If recalculation comes to a formula that has already been bumped to the end of the list and discovers that this formula still relies on not-yet-calculated dependencies, the formula contains a circular reference. In this case, the recalculation engine returns a circular error. The formula manager 140 also has a parser 144 that parses the formulas. In one implementation, the parser 144 is a recursive descent parser that extracts tokens from a stream and appends them to an array of character-size operation types and a parallel array of variant operands. When done, the parser 144 creates a new formula object 146 and gives it the two arrays of parsed information. The formula manager 140 therefore maintains one or more formula objects 146(1)-146(B) that contain formula information, including the parsed formula expression returned by the parser 144, the current result, the type of formula, and the current formula state. The parser 144 is preferably a delay parser that parses cells only when necessary, such as the first time that a formula has been loaded or the first time a value has been edited or referenced. Most cells in the table, however, will not contain a value that is referenced by a formula, so non-formula cells are only parsed as needed. If a cell is found to contain a formula when the table is loaded, the cell is parsed immediately and added to the recalculation chain. If the cell does not contain a formula, it is left unparsed until a formula requires its value. In one implementation, there are three types of formulas: normal, semi-calculation, and non-calculation. The normal formula is reevaluated only when its dependencies change. The semi-calculation formula is reevaluated every time the recalculation engine 142 performs a recalculation operation. The non-calculation formula is never evaluated at all. Non-calculation formulas are a special formula type for handling nested tables (i.e., a table within a table) and free floating fields (i.e., a single table cell) that is nested within tables or other free floating fields. Consider the case of an inner table nested inside a cell of an outer table. If the inner table contains a formula that changes to a different value following recalculation, the value of the outer table's cell will also change. Such a dependency is not encoded anywhere, since there is no formula in the outer table attached to the inner table. In such cases, a non-calculation formula is set in the outer table's cell to re-fetch the result value from the inner calculation. Thus, it participates in the normal dependency management of recalculation and all references to the outer table are updated when appropriate. Nested tables are described below in more detail. In one implementation, the formula objects 146 are owned by a COM wrapper (not shown), which is in turn held onto by a cell object 136 in the grid 130 where the formula resides. The formula objects 146 are themselves part of the bi-directional linked list of formulas maintained by the recalculation engine 142. The formula objects 146 contain references to their home row and column and to the cell object 136 in grid 130. The references allow the recalculation engine 142 to travel down the recalculation chain with formulas from several tables and easily determine to which table a given formula belongs. Many operations, from formula saving to table deletion, depend on this ability to traverse the chain. The formula manager 140 also parses referenced cell groups. As examples, the formula manager 140 parses �A5� as a cell reference, �D4:E23� as a compound rectangular reference, �$F$30� as an absolute reference, �Table5!D5� as a cross-table reference, �Field3� as a whole-table cross-table reference, �A5:D5 B3:B6� as an intersection, and �D3,E4� as a union. The non-core worksheet functions 114(1)-114(W) are optional elements. Examples of such functions include analysis functions, statistical functions, and trigonometric functions. The modular architecture 100 makes it flexible to remove unwanted worksheet functions or add new worksheet functions. The spreadsheet object 106 is a counterpart to the grid object 130 located outside of the spreadsheet engine. There is one pair of a spreadsheet object 106 and a grid object 130 per table 124. The spreadsheet objects 106 define a behavior that receives events from the document renderer 102, processes them a little, and passes the events onto the grid object 130. In response to the events, the grid object 130 updates the per-table cell data in cell table 134 and/or formatting information in format table 132. The spreadsheet behavior 106 has three objects: GridBehavior 150, CellEditing 152, and Spreadsheet 154. The GridBehavior object 150 provides a layer of abstraction between the grid object 130 and individual HTML table cells and allows the grid object 130 to access HTML values and styles. The GridBehavior object 150 wraps the HTML elements in a common interface so that the grid 130 does not need to know the particular structure of the HTML table. Additionally, the GridBehavior object 150 manages table-specific portions of a �reference edit� operation. The CellEditing object 152 and Spreadsheet object 154 interact directly with an HTML tree and the table behavior 104 to provide the grid 130 with events. The Spreadsheet object 154 is responsible for recording undo records for actions affecting the spreadsheet. The CellEditing object 152 manages user-level editing of cells. It processes events related to user edits of in-cell data values and provides some editing user interface (UI) elements, including the formula edit box that permits user edits of formulas. When editing a formula, a floating formula edit box is provided above the cell's location and resized as necessary to accommodate the formula. The localized edit box eliminates a potential UI problem of forcing the user to stuff the entire formula into the table cell, which would cause the table (or paragraph) to resize strangely as the user brings up and dismisses the formula to be replaced by its result. The CellEditing object 152 also supports the reference edit operation when the formula edit box is presented. As noted above, the reference edit operation allows the user to visually reference cells using a mouse pointer (or other focus mechanism) and in response, inserts a reference to that cell data in the current formula edit box. The formula edit box is described below in more detail. The CellEditing object 152 is only present when a cell is being actively edited. The spreadsheet objects 106 handles top-level duties such as inserting a table or a free floating field and routing commands to the appropriate table based on the current selection in the document 120. The spreadsheet objects 106 also creates and manages the workbook 110. The integrated table and spreadsheet model eliminates the need for the user to choose the structure of data within a document prior to creating that document. Historically, if the user needed more control over the presentation of the tabular data, the user tended to select a word processing application. On the other hand, if the user required computations over the data, the user typically chose a spreadsheet application. The integrated architecture allows the user to combine several different types of data within one document. Additionally, by integrating spreadsheet functionality inside a table, the user can build the document around the table. In spreadsheet applications, the user is restricted to the grid layout for all document content. In the integrated architecture, users may create a rich document that contains multiple tables, each with data that can be formatted as values and used in calculations throughout different tables. In With reference again to The grid object 130(2) used to support the free floating field object 410 is essentially the same as the grid objects 130(1) and 130(3) used to support the tables, which are described above in detail. One minor difference is that the grid object 130(2) contains only one cell object 136 because the free floating field 408 is similar to a table with only one cell. The free floating field behavior 410 has three objects: an FFFBehavior object 412, a CellEditing object 414, and a Spreadsheet object 416. The CellEditing object 414 and Spreadsheet object 416 are identical to those in the spreadsheet behavior 106, as described above with reference to In the illustrated example, computing device 700 includes one or more processors or processing units 702, a system memory 704, and a bus 706 that couples the various system components including the system memory 704 to processors 702. The bus 706 represents one or more types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory 704 includes read only memory (ROM) 708 and random access memory (RAM) 710. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 712, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computing device 700 is stored in ROM 708. Computing device 700 further includes a hard drive 714 for reading from and writing to one or more hard disks (not shown). Some computing devices can include a magnetic disk drive 716 for reading from and writing to a removable magnetic disk 718, and an optical disk drive 720 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 722 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. The hard drive 714, magnetic disk drive 716, and optical disk drive 720 are connected to the bus 706 by a hard disk drive interface 724, a magnetic disk drive interface 726, and a optical drive interface 728, respectively. Alternatively, the hard drive 714, magnetic disk drive 716, and optical disk drive 720 can be connected to the bus 706 by a SCSI interface (not shown). It should be appreciated that other types of computer-readable media, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memories (RAMs), read only memories (ROMs), and the like, may also or alternatively be used in the exemplary operating environment. A number of program modules may be stored on ROM 708, RAM 710, the hard disk 714, magnetic disk 718, or optical disk 722, including an operating system 730, one or more application programs 732, other program modules 734, and program data 736. As one example, the architecture 100 may be implemented as one or more programs 732 or program modules 734 that are stored in memory and executed by processing unit 702. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computing device 700. In some computing devices 700, a user might enter commands and information through input devices such as a keyboard 738 and a pointing device 740. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. In some instances, however, a computing device might not have these types of input devices. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 702 through an interface 742 that is coupled to the bus 706. In some computing devices 700, a display 744 (e.g., monitor, LCD) might also be connected to the bus 706 via an interface, such as a video adapter 746. Some devices, however, do not have these types of display devices. Computing devices 700 might further include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers. Generally, the data processors of computing device 700 are programmed by means of instructions stored at different times in the various computer-readable storage media of the computer. Programs and operating systems are typically distributed, for example, on floppy disks or CD-ROMs or over the Internet. From there, they are installed or loaded into the secondary memory of a computing device 700. At execution, they are loaded at least partially into the computing device's primary electronic memory. The computing devices described herein include these and other various types of computer-readable storage media when such media contain instructions or programs for implementing the steps described below in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor. The service system also includes the computing device itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques described below. For purposes of illustration, programs and other executable program components such as the operating system are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computing device 700, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the computer. It is noted that the computer 700 may be connected to a network via a wire-based or wireless connection to interact with one or more remote computers. In this network context, the computer 700 may be configured to store and execute portions of the architecture 100, while one or more remote computers store and execute other portions of the architecture. For example, the document renderer 102 may reside on one computer, while the remaining components reside on a separate computer. As a result, the architecture is distributed, with various components being stored on different computer-readable media. At block 802, the architecture 100 creates a corresponding set of table, spreadsheet, grid objects 104, 106, and 130 for a new table UI presented as part of the document. In one implementation, the GridBehavior object 150, CellEditing object 152, and Spreadsheet object 154 are initially created for the new table and then the Spreadsheet object 154 creates an associated grid object 130 in the spreadsheet engine 112. The grid object 130 includes a format table 132 and a cell table 134. If this is the first spreadsheet, a workbook 110 is also created. The grid 130 and workbook 110 then create other objects, including the formula manager 140 and cells 136 for each cell in the table being created. At block 804, in response to the user entering data and/or formulas into the table, the architecture receives the user entry and passes it to the spreadsheet engine 112 for processing. More specifically, in the continuing exemplary implementation, the Spreadsheet object 154 receives a table-parsed notification from the document renderer 102 and passes it along to the grid 130 for the new table. Suppose, for example, the user creates the following table:
The HTML code for this table is as follows:
Using enumeration methods provided by the GridBehavior object 150, four cells 136(1)-136(4) are retrieved, one for each existing cell in the table. The spreadsheet object 154 receives a data value 7 for cell A1, a data value 8 for cell A2, and a formula for cell B1, and passes this information onto the spreadsheet engine 112. At block 806, based on the user input, the architecture determines whether to parse the user-entered information or delay parsing until later. The architecture preferably employs a delay parser that parses cells when necessary, such as the first time that a formula has been loaded or the first time a value has been edited or referenced. Most cells in the table, however, will not contain a value that is referenced by a formula, so non-formula cells are only parsed as needed. If a cell is found to contain a formula when the table is loaded, the cell is parsed immediately and added to the recalculation chain. If the cell does not contain a formula, it is left unparsed until a formula requires its value. At block 808, assuming that parsing is needed now (i.e., the �no� branch from block 806), the architecture parses the user-entered information and updates the format table 132 and cell table 134 based upon this information. For example, cell A1 is parsed first, although the order is immaterial. The parser 144 evaluates whether a formula exists. In this case, no formula is found and the cell is left unparsed and marked to be parsed later. The corresponding 0,0 entry in cell table 134 is set to point to the unparsed cell 136(1). Cell B1 is parsed next. Here, the parser 144 finds a formula �FMLA� attribute (i.e., �=A1+A2�) and parses the formula string, returning the appropriate variant. The variant is placed in a new cell 136(2), which is stored in the cell table 134 at the appropriate location 0,1. Additionally, the formula is added to the chain of formulas maintained at the recalculation engine 142. Cells A2 and B2 are parsed in a similar manner to A1 because neither cell contains a formula, resulting in references to unparsed cells 136(3) and 136(4) being added to the cell table 134. When all cells have been parsed, the recalculation engine initiates the first recalculation to determine actual values to be displayed in cells with formulas. At block 810, the architecture determines whether recalculation is appropriate. Some user input may not require recalculation, such as insertion of a new data value that is not referenced by a formula. If recalculation is not needed, flow continues at block 814 to determine whether the table needs to be updated in view of the user input. At block 812, assuming recalculation is appropriate (i.e., the �yes� branch from block 810), the architecture recalculates the various formulas that may have been affected by the user input. In the ongoing example, the act of putting a value into a cell 136 in the cell table 134 triggers a data-changed notification to registered listeners, which includes the grid object 130. The grid object 130 identifies the changed cells and forwards the notification to the formula manager 140, which marks any formulas depending on the changed cells as dirty and in need of recalculation. The grid object then calls the recalculation engine 142, which loops over the recalculation formula chain and recomputes the variously affected formulas (block 812(1)). While evaluating the formulas in the formula chain, unparsed cells that were previously left unparsed may now be parsed (block 812(2)). In this case, when the formula =A1+A2 is evaluated, the recalculation engine discovers that these cells are unparsed. It immediately asks the parser 144 to fully parse the cells. The parser 144 does so and enters values of 7 and 8 into the cell table 134. The recalculation engine can then evaluate the formula =A1+A2 using the new values that the parser 144 has found. Once the recalculation engine 142 finishes, it returns control to the workbook 110. The workbook 110 calls back to the recalculation engine 142 to learn which formulas changed as a result of the recalculation cycle. The workbook 110 then locates the grid object 130 that holds the formula and calls it to save the cells that contain formulas whose results changed. At block 814, the architecture determines whether any results have changed following the recalculation. If no results have changed (i.e., the �no� branch from block 814), process flow continues at block 804 for the next user input. Conversely, if the results have changed (i.e., the �yes� branch from block 814), the architecture 100 loads an updated table with the modified values and renders the updated table as part of the document (block 816). It is noted that the above example assumed that the user entered data or a formula. The user may also change the format of one or more cells in the table. The process 800 handles format changes in essentially the same way, but accounts for those changes in the format table 132 rather than the cell table 134. The architecture 100/400 supports many user interface (UI) features in the rendered document to convey to the user that the table is not only a table, but also a full functioning spreadsheet. These UI features are described separately below, with reference to One of the primary benefits of integrating spreadsheet functionality into tables is that the user need no longer think in terms of whether the document should be primarily a spreadsheet document produced by a spreadsheet application (e.g., an �.xls� file from the �Excel� program) or primarily a word processing document produced by a word processing application (e.g., a �.doc� file from the �Word� program). Instead, the user creates an HTML document (or other markup-based document, such as an XML document) that can have both text and spreadsheet/table components. By integrating spreadsheet functionality inside a table, the user can build the document around the table without being restricted to the grid layout for all document content, as in the case of spreadsheet programs. Integrated Headers The table 124 toggles between a �table look� ( Smart Selection When the user selects a cell, the architecture intelligently discerns the type of content in the cell. For instance, the architecture determines whether the cell contains a data value, text, or a formula. If the selected cell contains text or a value, the UI exhibits the selection as a character-based cursor ready for cell editing. If the selected cell contains a formula, the UI exhibits the selection by highlighting the entire result of the formula. A second selection gesture will allow the user to edit the formula within the formula edit box. Key Processing Certain keys have different interpretations depending upon the contents of the cell. This dynamic interpretation accommodates the competing interests of a word processing table and a spreadsheet. As an example, the �Enter� key typically means return in word processing, whereas it means move to the next cell in a spreadsheet program. If the cell contains text (e.g., cells A1-A6, B1-B5, and C1 in If the cell contains a formula or a data value (e.g., cells C2-C6 in Table Expansion Spreadsheet users are accustomed to the look and feel of an infinite grid. While the spreadsheet look of Resize Behavior The table 124 preserves column width and wraps text as the user enters sentences and phrases. In Formula Edit Box The architecture provides a formula edit box for inserting or editing a formula in a table cell or free floating field. The formula edit box overlays the original cell in which the formula resides and initially defaults to the size and shape of the cell. If the formula exceeds the initial size, the formula edit box is resized to accommodate the formula. During resizing, the formula edit box initially grows horizontally in length, and then vertically in depth. The underlying table does not resize. The ability to resize the local formula edit box, rather than the cell and the table, eliminates a potential UI problem of watching the table resize strangely as the user clicks into and out of the cell containing the formula. Examples of the formula edit box are illustrated in Reference Edit The table 124 allows the user to perform a reference edit operation, in which the user references one or more cells to extract their data values for inclusion in a formula in another cell. In When the user finishes selecting the desired cells (e.g., releasing the left mouse button after highlighting cells C2:C5), the referenced cells are added to the summation formula in formula edit bock 312 (i.e., �=SUM(C2:C5)�). Upon further confirmation by the user (e.g., pressing the �Enter� key), an update event is generated and the architecture 100 recalculates the formula and updates the cell C6 to display the sum of the cells C2:C5, or $12,060, in cell C6. Cross-Table Referencing and Universal Recalculation The architecture 100 supports cross-table references where a cell in one table contains a formula referencing a cell in another table. The architecture 100 also supports cross-table reference edit operations that permit a user to reference a cell in one table or a free floating field when entering a formula into another table. The ability to cross-reference other tables or free floating fields is beneficial in that all tables and free floating fields can be universally updated for any change in just one of the tables. For example, suppose the user changes the value in cell B2 of table 602 from $300 to $400. As a result of this change, table 602 is updated to reflect the new value $400 and the total amount in cell B6 is updated from $3,060 to $3,160. Additionally, the value in cell B2 of table 606 is updated to $2,400, causing the total amount in cell B4 in table 606 to be changed from $7,800 to $7,900. The cross-table referencing is a significant improvement over conventional OLE techniques of embedding a spreadsheet object within a word processing document. With OLE, each spreadsheet object is independent of another and cannot reference cells in one another automatically. Since there is no cross-referencing ability, the OLE approach cannot support universal updating throughout the document's spreadsheets as a result of changing a value in one spreadsheet. Free Floating Field Reference Edit The reference edit operation is also available when entering a formula for a free floating field. Consider the document 600 in Using a reference edit operation, the user can enter the formula in the edit box 610 for free floating field 608 by selecting cell B6 in table 602 to capture element �Table1!B6� and then selecting cell B8 in table 604 to capture element �Table2!B8�. When the user confirms this formula, the formula edit box 610 disappears and the total value of �$12,060� is inserted into the free floating field 608. In the event the user subsequently changes the estimate of any item in tables 602 or 604, the total value in free floating field 608 is automatically updated. Extending a previous example, suppose the user changes the value in cell B2 of table 602 from $300 to $400. As a result of this change, table 602 is updated to reflect the new value $400 and the total amount in cell B6 is updated from $3,060 to $3,160. The value in cell B2 of table 606 is updated to $2,400, causing the total amount in cell B4 in table 606 to be changed from $7,800 to $7,900. Additionally, the total amount in free floating field 608 is updated from $12,060 to $12,160. All of the updating throughout the tables and free floating fields is performed automatically in response to the user's change of a single cell in a single table. It is further noted that a free floating field may reference another free floating field. For instance, another free floating field may be added in document 600 to reference the first free floating field 608, or a combination of the free floating field 608 and a table cell in tables 602, 604, and 606. Nested Table The architecture 100 supports tables nested within one another. The nested table is another feature that is an improvement over conventional table and spreadsheet approaches. OLE mechanisms of embedding a spreadsheet object within a word processing document do not support nested tables. Common Document Behaviors The architecture allows common document behaviors for the text body and across the tables. Such functions as spell checking, grammar checking, find, and replace are continuous across table boundaries, treating the cell contents as if they were part of the document. Moreover, text formatting carries across boundaries. Essentially, any features that are added to modify the text are similarly applied across a table boundary to text inside a table. The conventional OLE mechanisms of embedding a spreadsheet object within a word processing document were incapable of supporting these common document behaviors that traversed table boundaries. This section describes how the architecture functionally supports the user interface features described above, including recalculation, reference edit mechanics, cross-table referencing, the formula edit box, and structure changes to the table. These functionality features are described separately below. Data v. Presentation The integrated table/spreadsheet architecture 100/400 separates data functions from presentation functions of the integrated table/spreadsheet by employing dual objects per table or floating field. As shown in The separation is beneficial because it allows the architecture to support cross-table referencing, reference editing to other tables, and universal recalculation throughout the document. The underlying grid objects do not care how the tables are laid out or where they appear in the document, nor do they care if there are one or multiple grid objects. Similarly, the spreadsheet objects 106 do not worry about the data and formulas, or the recalculation process. Recalculation Recalculation is a function performed by the architecture 100 in response to modification of a table or free floating field. When a modification is made, the architecture 100 recalculates the various formulas in all tables and free floating fields in the document that may have been affected by user input. Continuing the example of A corresponding pair of spreadsheet and grid objects 106 and 130 exists for the table 902. The grid object 130 maintains a cell table 134 and a format table 132. Prior to user entry of �7� into cell A1, cell table 134 contains a value �1� in cell A3, a formula referencing cell A1 (i.e., �=A1�) in cell C1, and a formula summing cells A1 and C1 (i.e., �=A1+C1�) in cell C3. The format table 132 indicates that cell A3 is formatted as a number, and that cells C1 and C3 are formatted as currency in U.S. dollars. The input version of UI table 902(1) shows results of the formatted formulas as $0.00 in cell C1 and $1.00 in cell C3. Now, suppose the user enters the value �7� into cell A1 of UI table 902(1), as indicated by the pointer 904. The value is received at the spreadsheet objects 106, as indicated by flow arrow 910. Once the user confirms this entry by moving the selection out of the cell A1, the newly entered value �7� is passed to the spreadsheet engine 112 and particularly, the parser 144 of formula manager 140 (flow arrow 912). The parser 144 parses the entry and determines it to be a data value. The parser 144 puts the data value into cell A1 of the cell table 134 (flow arrow 914). This insertion causes a table change event, which is sent to the recalculation engine 142 to initiate a recalculation (flow arrow 916). The recalculation engine 142 runs through the formula chain to recalculate any formula anywhere that is affected by the new data value in cell A1. In this case, the formulas in cells C1 and C3 are affected and hence, these formulas are recalculated (flow arrow 918). The recalculation produces a result of �7� in cell C1 and a result of �8� in cell C3. Afterwards, the format table 132 is consulted to determine the desired format for the new value and recalculated formulas (flow arrow 920). Here, the formula results are formatted as currency as indicated by the �$� symbols in cells C1 and C3, and the new value �7� is formatted as a number as indicated by the �#� symbol in cell A1. The spreadsheet engine returns the formatted results $7.00 and $8.00 to the spreadsheet objects 106 (flow arrow 922). The spreadsheet objects 106 updates the table with these formatted results to produce the output version of the UI table 902(2) (flow arrow 924). The recalculation event is essentially instantaneous. The user merely sees an immediate change in the UI table from input version 902(1) to output version 902(2). Reference Edit Mechanics The reference edit mechanism allows the user to reference another cell to obtain data, rather than forcing the user to type in a value or the reference syntax. In Cross-Table Referencing and Universal Recalculation With architecture 100, reference editing may be extended across multiple tables and free floating fields distributed throughout a document. A cell in one table or a free floating field may reference a cell in another table, a different free floating field, or a combination of a table cell and free floating field. The architecture 100 automatically recalculates all tables and free floating fields that are affected by a change in any one table cell or free floating field. In this illustration, spreadsheet object 106(1) and associated grid object 130(1) support UI table 1004(1), spreadsheet object 106(N) and associated grid object 130(N) support UI table 1004(N), spreadsheet object 106(N+1) and associated grid object 130(N+1) support free floating field 1006(1), and spreadsheet object 106(N+M) and associated grid object 130(N+M) support free floating field 1006(M). The table grid objects 130(1)-130(N) each contain a cell table 134(1)-134(N) and a format table 132(1)-132(N). The FFF grid objects 130(N+1)-130(N+M) each contain a single cell 136(1)-136(M) and a corresponding format cell 138(1)-138(M). Suppose the user is entering a summation formula in cell B1 of UI table 1004(N) that adds three cells C1-C3 in table 1004(1). Rather than typing in the reference syntax (i.e., �=SUM(Table1!C1:Table1!C3)�), the user may simply move the pointer 1010 to table 1004(1) and select the desired array of cells, as indicated by the selection block 1012. The spreadsheet object 106(N) (namely, the CellEditing object) associated with the source table 1004(N) recognizes the reference edit operation and captures the selected cells C1-C3 in remote referenced table 1 (flow arrow 1020). When the user confirms this entry by moving the selection out of the referenced table 1004(1), the newly entered formula �=SUM(Table1!C1:Table1!C3)� is passed to the spreadsheet engine 112 and particularly, the parser 144 of formula manager 140 (flow arrow 1022). The parser 144 determines that the entry is a formula and creates a formula object (not shown) and adds the formula to the formula chain. The parser 144 puts the formula into cell B1 of the cell table 134(N) in cell table N (flow arrow 1024). This insertion generates a table change event, which is sent to the recalculation engine 142 to initiate a recalculation (flow arrow 1026). The recalculation engine 142 runs through the entire formula chain to recalculate any formula in any table or free floating field that is affected by adding the new formula in cell B1. In this case, the formulas in free floating cells 136(1) and 136(M) are affected. But, since these formulas rely on the result of the newly entered formula in table N, they are moved to the end of the formula chain. Thus, the new formula is first calculated (flow arrow 1028), and then the formulas in free floating field cells 136(1) and 136(M) are recalculated (flow arrows 1030 and 1032). The recalculation produces a result of �425� for table cell B1 in cell table N, a result of �425� in FFF cell 136(1), and a result of �425� in FFF cell 136(M). Afterwards, the various format tables 132(N) and format cells 138(1) and 138(M) are consulted to determine the desired format for the results of the recalculated formulas. Here, all formula results are formatted as currency as indicated by the �$�. The spreadsheet engine 112 returns the formatted results �$425.00� to the associated spreadsheet objects 106(N), 106(N+1), and 106(N+M) (flow arrows 1034, 1036, 1038). The spreadsheet objects then update their associated table and free floating fields with these formatted results to produce the output as shown in Once again, the recalculation event is essentially instantaneous and the user merely perceives an immediate change in the affected UI table and free floating fields throughout the document 1002. Formula Edit Box The CellEditing object 152 manages the formula edit box that 18 permits user edits of formulas. The formula edit box is provided in the user interface in response to the user entering the �=� symbol at the beginning of a cell. The formula edit box is overlaid as a separate entry field above the cell into which the user is inserting a formula. The CellEditing object 152 captures the user entry of various variants in the formula, and facilitates reference editing to other cells as a way to input variants. When the formula is entered via the formula edit box and confirmed, the CellEditing object 152 passes the formula to the formula manager 140 in the spreadsheet engine 112 for parsing. The formula edit box is then removed from the user interface. Structural Changes The Table object 104 manages and monitors the user input for structure changes, such as insertion/deletion of a row, merging cells, and so forth. When the user makes a structure change, the Table object 104 fires events to the GridBehavior object 150, which informs the spreadsheet engine 112, and in turn updates the cell table 134 associated with the UI table. As above, any change to the cell table causes an event that is returned to the recalculation engine 142 to initiate a recalculation cycle. The recalculation engine steps through the chain of formulas and updates all cells affected by the structural change, returning any errors that might arise from the structure change (e.g., loss of a reference value as a result of deleting a row/column). The spreadsheet engine then outputs the results of the recalculation and the UI table is updated to reflect the structural change and the recalculation results. Cut, Copy, Paste A separate document object may be employed to manage operations affecting the entire document, rather than a specific table. The document object plays a role in initially inserting the table/spreadsheet into the document. The document object may be constructed similarly to the GridBehavior object 150 and configured to monitor for cut, copy, and paste operations. When a cut or copy operation is performed, the object places the HTML code on the clipboard. Upon a subsequent paste operation, the HTML code is retrieved from the clipboard and inserted into the appropriate location. It is noted that, unlike some spreadsheet programs, the user is not forced to cut/copy and then immediately paste. One unique problem that is not encountered by traditional spreadsheet programs is the ability to create a new table through a paste operation. When a new table is created, the architecture automatically renames the new table and adjusts all references within the table that were pasted. Although the description above uses language that is specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the invention. Patent Citations
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Fogger that kills not only fleas but also, cockroaches, ticks, spiders ants and other insects. Stops reproductive offspring. Read More
Cannot ship to P.O. Box
Active Ingredients: Esfenvalurate and Nylar.
Each fogger covers 652 square feet.
View manufacturer and/or label informationAttributes
- Brand: Enforcer
- Type: Insect
- Form: Fogger
- Ingredient: Esfenvalurate,Nylar
Reviews (1)
"Works great"
my dog had fleas and this stuff killed them all! it has IGR (insect growth repeller) which kills the offspring of fleas. It also killed some roaches that i wasn't aware were crawling around my building. NO smell afterwards and it doesn't leave behind any liquid/spray... just make sure you place newspaper under each can b/c the spray will leave behind some moisture.....but no messy clean up.... Works just as good a Precor and is half the price.


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Access my bill?
Students may access their bill online in CUNYfirst. For step-by-step instructions click here.
Please review the Billing page under Payments to obtain more information about how tuition and mandatory fees are calculated.
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Students may pay their bill online in CUNYfirst. For step-by-step instructions click here.
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Click here Sallie Mae's TuitionPay Service to find more information and do the following:
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New students should visit the Office of Admissions in room 203 North, call (212) 772-4490 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
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3 years ago
Grails 1.2-RC2 Release Notes
16th of December 2009SpringSource are pleased to announce the 1.2 Release Candidate 2 release of the Grails web application development framework.Grails is a dynamic web application framework built on Java and Groovy, leveraging best of breed APIs from the Java EE sphere including Spring, Hibernate and SiteMesh. Grails brings to Java and Groovy developers the joys of convention-based rapid development while allowing them to leverage their existing knowledge and capitalize on the proven and performant APIs Java developers have been using for years. Further information about the release can be obtained using the links below:- Changelog: See JIRA
- Download: http://grails.org/Download .
- Documentation: http://grails.org/doc/1.2.x
New Features
Dependency Resolution DSL
Grails 1.2 features a new DSL for configuring JAR dependencies that can be resolved against Maven repositories:grails.project.dependency.resolution = { inherits "global" // inherit Grails' default dependencies repositories { grailsHome() mavenCentral() } dependencies { runtime 'com.mysql:mysql-connector-java:5.1.5' }}
grails install-dependency mysql:mysql-connector-java:5.1.5
Significant Performance Optimizations
GSP and the Sitemesh rendering layer have been significantly improved to offer 2 to 3 times better throughput. This was achieved by:- Output buffering has been refactored to a streaming approach: the minimum amount of new objects are created.
- Tag library calls return an instance of org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.util.StreamCharBuffer class by default.
- Tag libraries can now return object values too. This was changed to reduce object generation.
- Sitemesh doesn't have to parse the output coming from GSP since the head, meta, title and body tags are captured from the beginning. This is done in GSP compilation when the config param "grails.views.gsp.sitemesh.preprocess" is unset or is true.
- Some performance improvements are the result of monitoring for unnecessary Exceptions created in Grails and preventing them from happening.
BootStrap environments
class now has environment support:def init = { ServletContext ctx -> environments { production { ctx.setAttribute("env", "prod") } development { ctx.setAttribute("env", "dev") } } ctx.setAttribute("foo", "bar") }
Spring 3 Upgrade
Grails now also supports Spring annotation prototypes through component scanning such as @Service, @Component etc.Any class can be annotated with @Component and will automatically become a Spring bean injectable in other classes.In addition you can annotate classes with @Controller and these will be able to handle requests just like regular Spring MVC controllers, thus providing support for those wanting to use a combination of Spring MVC and Grails:@Controller class SpringController { @Autowired SessionFactory sessionFactory @RequestMapping("/hello.dispatch") ModelMap handleRequest() { def session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() return new ModelMap(session.get(Person, 1L)) } }
will execute the handleRequest() method and atempt to render either a GSP or JSP view at grails-app/views/hello.(jsp|gsp)URI Re-writing onto any URI
You can now re-write any request URI onto any other URI using the following syntax in yourgrails-app/conf/UrlMappings.groovy
Per-method transactions with @Transactional
Building on the component scanning features you can now use the Spring org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional annotation on Grails service classes to configure transaction properties and have per-method transaction definitions:import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.*class BookService { @Transactional(readOnly = true) def listBooks() { Book.list() } @Transactional def updateBook() { // … } }
Fine-grained control over DataSource properties
The DataSource.groovy file now provides control over all of the underlying DataSource bean's properties:dataSource { pooled = true dbCreate = "update" url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/yourDB" driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" username = "yourUser" password = "yourPassword" properties { maxActive = 50 maxIdle = 25 minIdle = 5 initialSize = 5 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = 60000 maxWait = 10000 } }
Global Configuration of GORM defaults
GORMs default mapping settings are now globally configurable inside @grails-app/conf/Config.groovy@:grails.gorm.default.mapping = { cache true id generator:'sequence' 'user-type'( type:org.hibernate.type.YesNoType, class:Boolean ) }
grails.gorm.default.constraints = { '*'(nullable:true, blank:false, size:1..20) }
grails.gorm.default.constraints = { myConstraints(nullable:true, blank:false, size:1..20) }
static constraints = { myProperty shared:"myConstraints" }
Improved Dynamic Finders for Boolean properties
GORM dynamic finders have been improved with an easier notation for handling boolean properties. For example given a domain class of:class Book { String title String author Boolean paperback }
def results = Book.findAllPaperbackByAuthor("Douglas Adams")
def results = Book.findAllNotPaperbackByAuthor("Douglas Adams")
Named Query Support
GORM now supports defining named queries in a domain class. For example, given a domain class like this:class Publication { String title Date datePublished static namedQueries = { recentPublications { def now = new Date() gt 'datePublished', now - 365 } publicationsWithBookInTitle { like 'title', '%Book%' } } }
// get all recent publications def recentPubs = Publication.recentPublications.list()// get up to 10 recent publications, skip the first 5… def recentPubs = Publication.recentPublications.list(max: 10, offset: 5)// get the number of recent publications… def numberOfRecentPubs = Publication.recentPublications.count()// get a recent publication with a specific id… def pub = Publication.recentPublications.get(42)// dynamic finders are supported def pubs = Publication.recentPublications.findAllByTitle('Some Title')
Support for SQL restriction in criteria builder
The criteria builder now supports arbitrary SQL expressions:def c = Person.createCriteria()def peopleWithShortFirstNames = c.list {
sqlRestriction "char_length( first_name ) <= 4"
Support for hasOne mapping
GORM now supportshasOne
mapping where the foreign key is stored in the child instead of the parent association. For example:class Person { String name static hasOne = [address: Address] } class Address { String street String postCode }
will be created in the address
table rather than the default where an address_id
is created in the person
table.Strict Validation Errors
There is a newfailOnError
argument available on the save()
method that will throw an exception if a validation error occurs:try { book.save(failOnError:true) } catch(ValidationException e) { // handle }
Improved support for annotated entities
You can now use annotated entities instead of the GORM syntax inside domains located in @grails-app/domain@. These entities can use Grails constraints and events just like normal GORM entities for those who prefer annotations over GORM syntax:import javax.persistence.*@Entity @Table(name = "animal") class Animal { @Id @GeneratedValue int id String name @ManyToOne @JoinColumn Owner owner static constraints = { name blank:false } }
Precompilation of Groovy Server Pages in WAR deployment
GSPs are now pre-compiled when producing a WAR file meaning less permgen space is used at deployment time for Grails applications.Improved handling of i18n class and property names
You can now put entries in your i18n messages.properties file for all class and property names in your application. For example:book.label = Libro book.title.label = TÃtulo del libro
Tomcat & Multiple Embedded Containers Supported
Grails now supports multiple embedded containers with Tomcat being the default. Grails will by default install the Tomcat plugin into your application. You can easily switch containers by switching plugins:grails uninstall-plugin tomcat grails install-plugin jetty
grails tomcat deploy grails tomcat undeploy
Web Flow as a plugin
Grails' support for Spring Web Flow has been extracted into a plugin. To install simply type:grails install-plugin webflow
grails uninstall-plugin webflow
New Web Flow Events
Grails' Web Flow DSL now supports more of the common Web Flow events such asonEntry@, @onRender
and so on:def searchFlow = { onStart { println "started" } onEnd { println "ended" } displaySearchForm { onRender { println "rendering" } onEntry { println "entered" } onExit { println "exited" } on("submit") { [results: Book.findAllByTitle(params.title)] }.to "displayResults" } displayResults() }
Named URL Mappings
Grails now supports named URL mappings and associated dynamic tags for view layer URL rewriting. For example:name productDetail: "/showProduct/$productName/$flavor?" { controller = "product" action = "show" }
<link:productDetail productName="licorice" flavor="strawberry"> Strawberry Licorice </link:productDetail>
Better JSONBuilder
JSONBuilder has been re-written, better documented and improved in general. Rendering JSON responses is now as simple as:render(contentType:"text/json") { categories = [ { a = "A" }, { b = "B" } ] }
{"categories":[ {"a":"A"} , {"b":"B"}] }
This is breaking change from previous versions of Grails, if you want backwards compatibility set grails.json.legacy.builder=true in Config.groovy
Better Date parsing
If you submit a date from a <g:datePicker name="foo" /> tag, obtaining theDate
object is now as simple as looking it up from the params
object by name (eg. params.foo
)Convenient, null safe converters in params and tag attributes
New convenience methods have been added to theparams
object and tag attrs
objects that allow the easy, exception safe and null safe conversion of parameters to common types:def total = params.int('total')
int@, @long@, @boolean
and so on. There is a special converter called list
that always returns a list for cases when dealing with one or many parameters of the same name:def names = params.list('names')
REST improvements
The <g:form> tag can now pass other methods beside POST and GET:<g:form method="DELETE">
Project Documentation Engine
The same documentation engine that powers the Grails reference documentation is now available in your projects. Simply create your documentation inside thesrc/docs/ref
and src/docs/guide
directories of your project. See the Grails documentation source for an example.The engine is also usable outside of Grails by adding the grails-docs dependency to your application (example in Gradle syntax):compile group: 'org.grails', name: 'grails-docs', version:'1.2.0.RC1'
ant.taskdef (name: 'docs', classname : 'grails.doc.ant.DocPublisherTask') ant.docs(src:"src/docs", dest:"build/docs", properties:"src/docs/doc.properties")
Zip-only plugin releases
If you prefer to use Git/Mercurial/etc. to version control your plugin you can now distribute only the zipped release of the plugin in the central repository and continue to manage the actual sources outside of SVN:grails release-plugin --zipOnly
Plugin Metadata
Every plugin Groovy source or GSP view is now annotated with a @GrailsPlugin annotation which describes the name and the version of the plugin that the source or view originates from. This adds additional capabilities to Grails in terms of the runtime discovery of plugin sources.In addition, when releasing a plugin into the Grails central repository metadata is generated about the methods and properties added to Grails classes at runtime.This metadata is put into the plugin.xml descriptor and can be read by IDEs and documentation engines.If your plugin doesn't add methods at runtime you can skip the metadata generation process by doing:grails release-plugin --skipMetadata
formatNumber and formatDate taglib improvements
g:formatNumber and g:formatDate taglibs are now feature compatible with JSTL formatNumber and formatDate tags.Property Override Configuration Improvements
The Property Override mechanism has been improved to support non-String types and transactional services.// Config.groovy
beans {
someService {
someProperty = new SomeObject()
Testing infrastructure improvements
Non JUnit providers
The test running mechanics have been completely overhauled, opening the door to all kinds of testing possibilities for Grails applications. Previously it was very difficult for non JUnit based tests to be deeply integrated into Grails (e.g grails-easyb). Expect to see testing plugins taking advantage of this new infrastructure.Test phase and type targeting
There is now a more sophisticated mechanism for targeting the exact test you wish to run. Previously, it was only possible to target test phases but it is now also possible to target test types .You target particular test phases and/or types by using the following syntax:grails test-app <phase>:<type> grails test-app unit:spock // run "spock" test type in "unit" test phase
grails test-app unit: // run all types in "unit" phase grails test-app :spock // run "spock" type in all phases
grails test-app unit: SomeController // run all test for "SomeController" in the "unit" phase
grails test-app unit: integration: // run all test types in the "unit" and "integration" phases
grails test-app --unit // equivalent to grails test-app unit:
Clean testing
You can can force a clean before testing by passing -clean to test-app:grails test-app -clean
Echoing System.out and System.err
By default, grails does not show the output from your tests. You can make it do so by passing -echoOut and/or -echoErr to test-app:grails test-app -echoOut -echoErr


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Pets Moving with Pets in the Army aretop | October 21, 2014 Parts of their family are at times named Fluffy, Champ and Lucky. Pets are a critical piece of our lives, bringing solace, cheer and unqualified adoration. At the Read More
Pets Fostering Military Pets aretop | October 21, 2014 Pets of Military Personnel Whether our military faculty have their organizations amplified, are redeployed or are recently conveyed, they confront various troublesome choices in regards to home and Read More
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Toys 6 of the best Dog Toys aretop | October 15, 2014 The Kong KONG Dog Toy, Large, Red (Save 53%) The granddaddy of all work-to-nom toys, the Kong is a bite toy made of about indestructible elastic. It was initially focused Read More
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Save 15% on 2 or more jars!GlycoBalance™ Aloe Immune Matrix with D-Ribose, manufactured by Micro Health Solutions, provides more benefits than the original GlycoBalance Glyconutrients formula! This product has been reformulated to provide a more potent and concentrated composition which means less amount is required to achieve positive results.
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S&P 100 INDEX ($ONE) [View Sector]Tue, May 5th, 2015
The Market Indices Overview shows index prices for the major stock indices. Included are DOW Industrials, NASDAQ, S&P 500, NYSE Composite, and other primary stock indices. The Market Indices overview details highs, lows, and changes in index prices. Links to more detailed information and charts about each of the stock indices is available via links in the far right-hand column of the table.
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text:
Log in or Sign up to add pandaheartski as a friend.
Currently: Offline | Last seen: 16th Nov 2012Recent Status: Inactive
You can mark messages sent to members on your friends list as private. These mesages will not appear in their public bio page.
Cheat Book Click here to see my saved cheats and game information.


text:
Women Mathematicians and NMAH CollectionsSister Helen Sullivan: A College Teacher and More
Sister Helen Sullivan, August 1981. Gift of Helen Sullivan (AHB2012q05998) |
Sister M. Helen Sullivan (1907-1998) represents the large number of American women with PhD's in mathematics whose names and accomplishments are not well known within much of the mathematics community. Sullivan, like many other mathematicians, was a college teacher whose only mathematical research publication was her dissertation but who wrote about, among other subjects, the teaching of mathematics. She interacted with her own students as well as other students and mathematicians through her involvement in Kappa Mu Epsilon, a mathematical honor society, and on committees and panels of professional organizations that related to teaching.
Sullivan also represents the group of Catholic nuns who earned PhD's in mathematics from Catholic University. During the 1930s, Catholic awarded more PhD's in mathematics to American women, twelve (eleven of them nuns), than any other school except the University of Chicago, which awarded twenty-four. Catholic nuns were well represented at the August 1981 honoring women who received PhD's in mathematics before World War II. Of the fifteen women who attended three were women religious and all had received PhD's from Catholic: Sister Leonarda Burke in 1931, Sullivan in 1934, and Sister Elizabeth Frisch in 1940. All three shared the same dissertation advisor, Aubrey E. Landry. Landry advised twenty-eight doctoral students, eighteen of whom were women. Landry's only woman student who was not a nun was Euphemia Lofton Haynes who, in 1943, became the first African-American woman to receive a PhD in mathematics.
Sullivan donated her publications and items related to Kappa Mu Epsilon to the museum. Most of her publications concern undergraduate research, teaching, and philosophy.


text:
Top Definition
Uppity Nigger Talking Point. A term used by Dan Savage of the Seattle paper The Stranger, used in reference to the GOP arguing against the Obama administration about minutiae.
Obama's business casual dress code is just another UNTP the GOP uses to discredit his administration.
ZedYouTea tarafından
7 Şubat 2009, Cumartesi


text:
Father's Day Gifts
With Father's Day 2014 (rather conveniently!) falling at the beginning of the World Cup season, what better excuse is there for Dad to position himself in front of the TV with a beer in hand on his special day? To help him to fully relax and indulge, we've got a vast selection of beer glasses to choose from; plus a number of football related items to truly get him in soccer supporting spirit!
Stainless Steel Double Walled Wine Cooler with Black Bands
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The Great British Pint Dimple Mug 20oz / 568ml
In stock
Our Price
Pack of 4
Father's Day Gifts
Treat your dad this Father's Day with our range of Father's Day gift ideas. From Father's Day beer glass gifts to Father's Day bar gifts, we've got a great selection of Father's Day gift ideas. See our range of unique Father's Day gifts, unusual Father's Day gifts and different Father's Day gifts so you can really spoil him this year. For a last minute Father's Day gift, all of our Father's Day presents are available with fast UK delivery.
Whatever your dad loves, we've got a selection of traditional Father's Day gifts and modern Father's Day gifts. Make this Fathers Day memorable with our selection of personalised Father's Day gifts and Father's Day gift experiences.


text:
Atlanta Braves Gear
Atlanta Braves Ladies
Atlanta Braves Ladies Flags & Banners
Product ID: 1650901
Main Content
When you started up your car engine today didn't something feel like it was missing? You've got your Braves license tag, keychain, and gear on, but something just doesn't seem right. Alas, you're missing a car flag! Now you can fly your Braves colors proudly on the way to the game or while cruising around Atlanta with this car flag. This double-sided 11" x 13" car flag comes complete with a pole that attaches to any car window. Everyone on the highway will know your diehard dedication to the Braves!
- 100% Nylon
- Double-sided design application
- Flag measures approximately 11" x 13"
- Imported
- Officially licensed
- Plastic pole with cushioned window attachment
- Sublimated graphics
- Weather resistant
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


text:
At UNH's Cowell Stadium, prepare for the night life
Lights will be installed at Cowell Stadium as part a renovation project that is due to be completed in time for the 2014 season, the school announced late on Friday afternoon.
The work will be funded by $1.5 million that was included as part of a capital budget passed this summer, said State Sen. Lou D'Allesandro, who helped get the funds.
"It's a first-class university and it deserves first-class facilities," said D'Allesandro, who graduated from the school in 1961 and was a captain of the football team in 1960. "Those (Cowell Stadium) facilities aren't any better than when I played over 50 years ago. This is a step in the right direction. We've got to do more for that university."
The repairs and improvements are phase one of a future expansion of the stadium site, UNH director of athletics Marty Scarano said in a release.
"Hopefully this is a catalytic agent to get more involved in giving," D'Allesandro said. "We're moving in the right direction."
His organization sponsors high schools sports and championships, and he has been in discussions with Scarano and D'Allesandro about bringing the football title games to Cowell.


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Media Stock - UK Stock Photos
UK Stock Photos and Canvas Prints to buy
Sign in
Scenic stock photos and photo canvas prints from England, Scotland and Wales
The Media Stock photo website is now closed
As of 3rd August 2012, the Media Stock website is now closed.
If you are an existing customer or contributor and have any queries, please email
Media Stock was a website specialising in UK stock photos and canvas prints - it was launched in 2004. It had a loyal following of contributors who uploaded photos and were able to sell them as stock photos via digital download or as photo and canvas prints. The website had over 10, 000 UK photos.


text:
There can't possibly exist Trinity laptops without discrete graphics...
There can't possibly exist Trinity laptops without discrete graphics...
It's a bit more complicated than this.
Dynamic PM has been in the kernel for a long time. It kind of, sort of works, but it fails often, doesn't always switch frequencies when needed, and has a number of issues on some hardware. It's also not nearly as efficient as the stuff in Catalyst. The AMD guys got a simple implementation out, hoping that the community would improve it using available documentation, but this turned out to be very difficult.
It turns out that there are parts of the documentation which have not been released by AMD, and which could really help power management. Because of this, nobody really spent much time getting the current dynpm working well, knowing that if this information is ever released, it would likely have to be re-written to take advantage of it. This is hearsay, I haven't worked on the code.
It also turns out that AMD engineers have written a new, improved implementation of dynamic powersaving for the open drivers, but can't release it yet. Bridgman wrote about it. When/if it passes technical and/or legal review, it could end up being the solution everybody has been waiting for.
As with all things relating to internal AMD reviews, we won't know anything until it's released (or rejected).
Not gonna read 7 pages, but let me point out something out from a casual, not alot of deep knowledge PC builder....
first the APU needs FAST ram, and 2nd...
There is a difference between MAXED out ultra mega super sayin 4 level ultra elite graphics, and good enough graphics. Im ok with good enough, i dont need every last detail, heck, i always turn off BLOOM lighting and shadows, its just a distraction and not needed(specially if you're competitive).
Other than bragging rights....hotrod mindset(WHICH IS FINE) what you get with a $2000 I7 system and a a10 5800k $500(counting a 22" LED monitor) is more flash, but the FPS past 60, you wont even feel...
So before you blindly trash the APU, please understand WHAT it's for, it's for those of us that say good enough, and don't have epeen issues...and remember, there are FAR more of us; not alot of knowledge types that are PERFECTLY happy with what we have, than those elite epeen bragger types that will spend $500 extra to just say its 10 more FPS
I have the A8-3870K, and I can't use it now. I had to install a discrete nvidia card just to use Cinnamon. Cinnamon is UNUSABLE with Catalyst due to this bug, and the opensource driver is so slow that even scrolling pages in Chrome is very laggy.
Now I'm considering selling my AMD APU and buying Ivy Bridge, simply because it WORKS.
Look here.
Lololol!Originally Posted by http://ati.cchtml.com/show_bug.cgi?id=648#c8
You have no idea! If your 2000$ Intel system works, and APU system suck dragon balls level 99, I take 2000$ Intel system anyday. End of story!
Last edited by brosis; 03-13-2013 at 05:40 PM.
Now brosis, comn man, you know the point i was making, but you are the type where 1fps matters, if you can't understand my post, it just shows the extreme gap in the TYPE of computer user's out there.
60fps IS 60fps, it does not matter where it's coming from. and of course a 2 grand system is better lol DUH! i never said it wasn't, but as i stated, 6o fps is the same everywhere on this planet, and prolly most other planets...
We all know a I7 isnt getting maxed out with gaming, CPUs arent the bottle neck there, APUs are the future, and "good enough" is FINE for most people, and APUs will only get faster.
Just look at what happened with TITAN, tech is getting smaller and faster, AMD has CPUs and GPUs, in time we will see an APU that is equal to TITAN and an I7, it IS coming, and it will be AMD that has it.
AMD is so crap, that a 10 times weaker Intel can kill it performance and stability-wise only thanks to driver quality. Just look who is the driving force behind MESA and who produces the open drivers that you can be proud of.
Besides, current APUs only deliver low-segment discrete performance, hardly discrete will ever vanish. Its just for average joe its cheaper to get APU than to get CPU+low-segment GPU, thats why all the APU buzz. They will not cease production of discrete cards, its just if Intel designs good hardware APU, its game over for AMD.
And if Intel makes a good APU it will cost so much cash NO ONE will buy it....once again you are throwing out the entire concept of my post, GOOD ENOUGH. And face it, if we didnt have AMD intel chips would be MUCH MORE expensive.
I can get to work in a honda civic, or a dodge viper, both get me there, but what car is good enough for the simple task of driving to work? Money means ALOT more to folks now days, and 60fps without high end shadows or bloom lighting is GOOD ENOUGH...
there are so many examples of this concept in our lives today...
BUT i guess i kinda hijacked this thread ill stop posting here now.
What I would have rather seen or maybe ismply missed was 'Thank you AMD'.


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I'm a developer of a Linux video editing software, and I use OpenGL for playback and compositing of Videos.
It would really be interesting to include some tests into the benchmark suite that drive the features of 3D-Hardware that is required for Video Textures to the Limit, and to see how different Hardware/Drivers compare in those respects.
It's especially interesting, because I already noticed some problems with ATI hardware(or drivers?) for features that would be really important for this stuff.
There are two interesting projects on sourceforge that could be used as testing tools:
DJV is an OpenGL accelerated video player that also has some image processing capabilities.
The Video Player available from the following Project is similar, although a little simpler, but IMHO the sourcecode is easier to understand, and could be used for a custom Benchmarking tool.
btw. this is probably more interesting for video production, and not so much for simple playback.
Especially now that HD camcorders are more popular, Video Editing and Compositing is better and faster on the 3D-Hardware than when only using the CPU.