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Difference between revisions of "Rand Paul"
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===Controversy=== | ===Controversy=== | ||
− | ====Section of book from Heritage Foundation case study==== | + | ====Plagiarism==== |
+ | =====Washington Times article===== | ||
+ | In a September 2013 article Paul wrote for The Washington Times, he allegedly copied the work of another essay that previously appeared in The Week magazine, written by Dan Stewart, an editor for The Week.<ref name="week">[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/05/us/politics/senator-rand-paul-faces-new-charges-of-plagiarism.html?_r=1& ''NY Times,'' "Senator Rand Paul Faces New Charges of Plagiarism," accessed November 5, 2013]</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | In an interview on "This Week" on November 3, 2013, Paul acknowledged previous allegations of plagiarism, saying that he had been "sloppy," but also claimed he had been unfairly "targeted by a bunch of hacks and haters."<ref name="week"/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Section of book from Heritage Foundation case study===== | ||
Reports circulated on November 2, 2013, that an entire section, 1,318 words, of Paul's August 2013 book ''Government Bullies'' was taken from a 2003 case study by the Heritage Foundation.<ref name="copy">[http://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/entire-section-of-rand-pauls-book-copied-verbatim-from-case ''BuzzFeed,'' "Three Pages Of Rand Paul's Book Were Plagiarized From Think Tanks," accessed November 4, 2013]</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/11/sen-rand-paul-wishes-he-could-challenge-plagiarism-critics-to-a-duel-calls-them-hacks-and-haters/ ''ABC News,'' "Sen. Rand Paul Wishes He Could Challenge Plagiarism Critics to a 'Duel'; Calls Them 'Hacks and Haters'," accessed November 4, 2013]</ref> The accusation comes after repeated reports that Paul had plagiarized speeches either from Wikipedia or news reports.<ref name="copy"/> In the footnotes of the text, Paul included a link to the Heritage case study but failed to indicate the entire passage, not just the source, had been taken from the Heritage Foundation.<ref name="copy"/> | Reports circulated on November 2, 2013, that an entire section, 1,318 words, of Paul's August 2013 book ''Government Bullies'' was taken from a 2003 case study by the Heritage Foundation.<ref name="copy">[http://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/entire-section-of-rand-pauls-book-copied-verbatim-from-case ''BuzzFeed,'' "Three Pages Of Rand Paul's Book Were Plagiarized From Think Tanks," accessed November 4, 2013]</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/11/sen-rand-paul-wishes-he-could-challenge-plagiarism-critics-to-a-duel-calls-them-hacks-and-haters/ ''ABC News,'' "Sen. Rand Paul Wishes He Could Challenge Plagiarism Critics to a 'Duel'; Calls Them 'Hacks and Haters'," accessed November 4, 2013]</ref> The accusation comes after repeated reports that Paul had plagiarized speeches either from Wikipedia or news reports.<ref name="copy"/> In the footnotes of the text, Paul included a link to the Heritage case study but failed to indicate the entire passage, not just the source, had been taken from the Heritage Foundation.<ref name="copy"/> | ||
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"In the book Government Bullies all the information… was sourced by end notes. In the two cases described, the end notes clearly define the sourcing for the book. In no case has the senator used information without attribution," said Doug Stafford, an advisor to Sen. Paul who co-wrote the book. "There were 150 endnotes and cites including The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute. This is a witch hunt and grasping at straws."<ref name="copy"/> | "In the book Government Bullies all the information… was sourced by end notes. In the two cases described, the end notes clearly define the sourcing for the book. In no case has the senator used information without attribution," said Doug Stafford, an advisor to Sen. Paul who co-wrote the book. "There were 150 endnotes and cites including The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute. This is a witch hunt and grasping at straws."<ref name="copy"/> | ||
− | ====Speech information from Wikipedia==== | + | =====Speech information from Wikipedia===== |
MSNBC host Rachel Maddow said on October 30, 2013, that she uncovered a second speech in which Paul took material from Wikipedia to describe a movie.<ref name="movie">[http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/rachel-maddow-rand-paul-wikipedia-99081.html ''Politico,'' "Rachel Maddow: Second Wikipedia ripoff by Rand Paul," accessed October 30, 2013]</ref> | MSNBC host Rachel Maddow said on October 30, 2013, that she uncovered a second speech in which Paul took material from Wikipedia to describe a movie.<ref name="movie">[http://www.politico.com/story/2013/10/rachel-maddow-rand-paul-wikipedia-99081.html ''Politico,'' "Rachel Maddow: Second Wikipedia ripoff by Rand Paul," accessed October 30, 2013]</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:32, 5 November 2013
Rand Paul | ||
U.S. Senate, Kentucky | ||
Incumbent | ||
In office | ||
2011-Present | ||
Term ends | ||
January 3, 2017 | ||
Years in position | 4 | |
Party | Republican | |
Predecessor | Jim Bunning (R) | |
Compensation | ||
Base salary | $174,000/year | |
Elections and appointments | ||
First elected | November 2, 2010 | |
Next general | November 2016 | |
Campaign $ | $7,809,324 | |
Term limits | N/A | |
Education | ||
High school | Brazoswood High School | |
Bachelor's | Baylor University | |
M.D. | Duke University | |
Personal | ||
Date of birth | January 7, 1963 | |
Place of birth | Pittsburgh, PA | |
Profession | Ophthalmologist | |
Net worth | $864,012 | |
Religion | Presbyterian | |
Websites | ||
Office website | ||
Campaign website |
- 1 Biography
- 2 Career
- 3 Committee assignments
- 4 Issues
- 4.1 Political positions
- 4.2 Presidential rumblings
- 4.3 Endorsements
- 4.4 Controversy
- 4.5 Legislative actions
- 4.6 Presidential preference
- 5 Elections
- 6 Campaign donors
- 7 Analysis
- 8 Personal
- 9 Recent news
- 10 External links
- 11 References
Paul is considering a run for president in 2016. He has said he plans to make a decision at some point in 2014.[1][2] He declared in late May 2013 that he will seek re-election in 2016 to the United States Senate.[3]
In July 2013 it was revealed that an aide for Paul, Jack Hunter, who serves as Paul's media director and previously co-wrote Paul's 2011 book, spent part of his 20s as a member of the League of the South.[4][5][6] In addition to his membership in the group, in the early 2000s Hunter began contributing anonymous political commentary to the South Carolina radio station 96 Wave, under the persona the "Southern Avenger."[4] Hunter is the second Paul staffer to have his views on racial issues revealed publicly.[7]
On March 6, 2013, Paul led a filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan, that lasted 12 hours and 52 minutes - the ninth longest Senate filibuster on record.[8] In addition to delaying the final vote on Brennan's confirmation, Paul's stated intention was to highlight his concerns about the Obama Administration's drone policies.[8]
Based on analysis of multiple outside rankings, Paul is an average Republican member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Republican Party on the majority of bills.
Paul was born in 1963 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Lake Jackson, Texas. He attended Baylor University and received his M.D. from Duke University Medical School. Prior to his election to the Senate, Paul worked as an ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Kentucky[9]
Paul is the son of former Republican Congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul.[10]
Below is an abbreviated outline of Paul's professional and political career[9]:
- Ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, KY
- U.S. Senate, 2011-Present
Committee assignments
U.S. Senate
Paul serves on the following Senate committees[11]:
- United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
- The Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps and Global Narcotics Affairs
- The Subcommittee on International Operations and Organizations, Human Rights, Democracy and Global Women's Issues Ranking Member
- The Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps
- The Subcommittee on African Affairs
- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
- Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety
- Subcommittee on Children and Families
- Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
- Subcommittee on Emergency Management, Intergovernmental Relations, and the District of Columbia
- Subcommittee on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Programs and the Federal Workforce
- Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee
Paul served on the following Senate committees[12]:
- Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
- Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
- Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
- Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee
Political positions
Paul considers himself a "libertarian Republican."[13]
Presidential rumblings
Bipartisan coffee talk
On October 4, 2013, the third day of the of the government shutdown, Paul invited Senate and House members to a "bipartisan coffee" on the steps of the Senate to "see if we can get along."[14]
Only seven members of Congress, including a single Democratic member, showed up. Tom Carper (D-DE) was the only Democratic member to attend.[15] Other attendees included John Barrasso, Johnny Isakson, Susan Collins, Thomas Massie, Brett Guthrie and Mick Mulvaney. The informal gathering lasted a bit over half an hour.[15] John Boozman and Roger Wicker showed up a few minutes after the gathering broke up.[15]
Trip to South Carolina August 2013
On the eve of a trip to South Carolina, Rand Paul said in an interview on August 23, 2013, he is "unlikely" to get involved in the brewing Senate primary there between incumbent Lindsey Graham and several would-be conservative challengers.[16]
Paul will appear at a barbecue hosted by Jeff Duncan (R), reportedly a "friend from playing on the baseball team together," Paul said, and plans to keep talking up his resistance to what he views as unnecessary overseas spending.[16]
Paul has clashed with Graham in recent months over Paul's support for reducing U.S. foreign aid, specifically to Egypt.[16] Paul proposed cutting off aid to the North African nation after the military seized power there, while Graham initially opposed that proposal.[16]
"The message I've been talking a lot about lately is we don't have enough money to be sending it overseas and squandering it," Paul said, suggesting military assistance to Egypt would be "counterproductive. If you're an Egyptian and you're protesting your government in the street and you're facing down an American tank, it doesn't give you a warm, fuzzy feeling in your heart for America. I don't know what more tanks are going to do for them, or more fighter jets or more tear gas."[17]
Multiple Graham challengers have criticized his general support for foreign engagement: State senator Lee Bright blasted Graham as a "community organizer for the Muslim Brotherhood," while Nancy Mace criticized the incumbent earlier this month for standing "with our president to support a failed foreign policy."[16] Graham revised his views on Egypt in August 2013 in response to spiraling violence against protesters on the ground there and has called for a suspension of aid.
Without naming names, Paul said he's not entirely convinced by his fellow Republicans who have shifted stances on aid to Egypt, questioning whether they'd seek to continue sending cash to Egypt by backdoor means. But, he said, "It's a debate that ultimately is coming in our direction."[16]
Of the South Carolina primary, Paul said: "I've met, I think, all three of the challengers, and like I said, I haven't made a decision and I think it's probably unlikely that I'll get involved."[16]
Paul has toured South Carolina and other early 2016 states — including New Hampshire, Iowa and Nevada — throughout 2013, and has raised his national profile by speaking out in a series of Washington debates related to the size and national security powers of the federal government.[16] While Paul has spoken out against expansive government surveillance programs — and the hypothetical domestic use of drones — he declined to join his father, former Texas Rep. Ron Paul, in praising military leaker Bradley Manning, who was sentenced to 35 years in prison for handing over secret documents to the website WikiLeaks.[16]
September 2013 NYC event
Six of the Republican Party's leaders and potential 2016 nominees jointly headlined a fundraiser for the Republican National Committee (RNC) in New York in September 2013.
According to an invitation that went out August 26, 2013, RNC Chairman Reince Priebus and Jets owner Woody Johnson hosted the event September 23, 2013.[18] It will be held at Johnson's home.[18]
It was a dinner and reception with New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, Senators Marco Rubio and Paul and Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker, as well as Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder and Rep. Paul Ryan, who were listed as the "special guests."[18]
It represents a major force of star power at a single event on behalf of the party and features some of the party's brightest future talent, many of whom represent different wings of the GOP.[18]
Public spat with Gov. Chris Christie
During a speaking engagement in Colorado in July 2013, Gov. Chris Christie (R-NJ), controversially stated, "I want them to come to New Jersey and sit across from the widows and the orphans and have that conversation. … I'm very nervous about the direction this is moving in." This was in reference to a growing number of conservative congressmen who have publicly denounced the recent news of NSA wiretapping. Paul is among these legislators. The next week, Paul responded by criticizing Christie, stating, "Those are the people who are bankrupting the government and not letting enough money be left over for national defense."[19]
Iowa's GOP Lincoln Day Dinner 2013
Paul was the headliner of the annual Iowa Lincoln Day Dinner in June 2013. This year was the first time in recent years that it sold out almost two weeks in advance. The main topic of his speech was immigration reform, a hot topic due to the Gang of Eight legislation, where he outlined his own version of immigration reform which included allowing illegal immigrants to continue working in the country.[20]
Endorsement of McConnell in Senate primary
Senator Paul declared his support for incumbent Mitch McConnell in his primary battle against challenger Matt Bevin.[21] In response to Bevin's decision to challenge McConnell he said, "I'm not giving him encouragement or discouragement. It's a free country and anyone who wants to run can. I have endorsed Sen. McConnell."[21] As the 2014 election progresses Paul increasingly must perform a careful balancing act: Show complete support for McConnell, while avoiding alienating the same tea party supporters who helped him in 2010 and whom he'll need in 2016.[21]
Endorsement of Lonegan in New Jersey special election
Paul said on August 21, 2013 that he has met with Steve Lonegan and is planning to help him in his special election campaign.[22] "We're considering trying to help him out," Paul said. "In all likelihood, we'll go in and either financially or try to help him through an endorsement or something," Paul said.[22]
Lonegan's campaign announced on September 3, 2013, that Paul will join him in Clark, New Jersey, on September 13, 2013 for an afternoon "Liberty and Victory Rally."[23]
Mocking of Cory Booker
As part of his reasoning behind his decision to campaign for Republican nominee Steve Lonegan, Paul made jabs at Cory Booker as a politician with "an imaginary friend with imaginary problems" on September 6, 2013. The statement is in reference to reports about the Newark drug lord named "T-Bone," whom Booker has said he befriended.[24]
"If Cory will introduce me to T-Bone when I get there, I'd love to meet T-Bone. If T-Bone's not real, maybe we need to get Mr. Booker to talk about real problems," Paul said in an interview.[24]
Paul also described Lonegan as a solid conservative and "defender of the Fourth Amendment" who impressed him during a visit to Washington over the summer.[24]
Booker spokesman Kevin Griffis responded to Paul's comments by saying that the former Bogota mayor would "raise taxes on the working and middle classes and privatize Social Security, and he even opposed Hurricane Sandy aid."[24]
"As mayor and as a leader of the Tea Party in New Jersey, Mr. Lonegan has only proven that he cares about the plight of the ultra-wealthy and big corporations," Griffis said.[24]
Washington Times article
In a September 2013 article Paul wrote for The Washington Times, he allegedly copied the work of another essay that previously appeared in The Week magazine, written by Dan Stewart, an editor for The Week.[25]
In an interview on "This Week" on November 3, 2013, Paul acknowledged previous allegations of plagiarism, saying that he had been "sloppy," but also claimed he had been unfairly "targeted by a bunch of hacks and haters."[25]
Section of book from Heritage Foundation case study
Reports circulated on November 2, 2013, that an entire section, 1,318 words, of Paul's August 2013 book Government Bullies was taken from a 2003 case study by the Heritage Foundation.[26][27] The accusation comes after repeated reports that Paul had plagiarized speeches either from Wikipedia or news reports.[26] In the footnotes of the text, Paul included a link to the Heritage case study but failed to indicate the entire passage, not just the source, had been taken from the Heritage Foundation.[26]
An aide for Paul defended him, saying he makes clear in the book that he did not individually research each case.[26]
"In the book Government Bullies all the information… was sourced by end notes. In the two cases described, the end notes clearly define the sourcing for the book. In no case has the senator used information without attribution," said Doug Stafford, an advisor to Sen. Paul who co-wrote the book. "There were 150 endnotes and cites including The Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute. This is a witch hunt and grasping at straws."[26]
Speech information from Wikipedia
MSNBC host Rachel Maddow said on October 30, 2013, that she uncovered a second speech in which Paul took material from Wikipedia to describe a movie.[28]
On October 28, 2013, Maddow compared Paul's speech at Liberty University to the Wikipedia entry on "Gattaca" and found several nearly verbatim passages. On her show on October 29, 2013, she drew attention to a March 19, 2013, speech that Paul gave at the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce in which he talked about the movie "Stand and Deliver."[28]
Maddow reportedly found the March 19, 2013, speech video after Buzzfeed reported about a similar reference to "Stand and Deliver" in a June 12, 2013, speech Paul gave at an immigration forum.[28]
Block of Janet Yellen's nomination for Federal Reserve
In a statement released on October 30, 2013, Paul said he will put a "hold" on Janet Yellen's nomination as the next chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, in an attempt promote his call for legislation that would require audits and other public scrutiny of the Federal Reserve System.[29]
"The American people have a right to know what this institution is doing with the nation's money supply," Paul said in the statement. "The Federal Reserve does not need prolonged secrecy—it needs to be audited, and my bipartisan Federal Reserve Transparency Act will do just that."[29]
Aide's pro-secessionist history
Jack Hunter, an aide for Paul, who served as Paul's media director and previously co-wrote Paul's 2011 book, spent part of his 20s as a member of the League of the South, a group which "advocates the secession and subsequent independence of the Southern States from this forced union and the formation of a Southern republic."[4][5][30] In 1999, Hunter was listed as chairman of the group's Charleston, S.C., chapter.[5]
In a statement Hunter said, "When I was part of it, they were very explicit that's not what they were about. I was a young person, it was a fairly radical group - the same way a person on the left might be attracted in college to some left-wing radical groups."[4]
In addition to his membership in the group, in the early 2000s Hunter began contributing anonymous political commentary to the South Carolina radio station 96 Wave, under the persona the "Southern Avenger."[4] As the "Southern Avenger," Hunter would wear a mask printed with a Confederate flag to public appearances.[4]
Hunter is the second Paul staffer to have his views on racial issues revealed publicly.[31]
Aide resigns from campaign
On July 22, 2013, it was announced that Hunter resigned his position as an aide for Paul's campaign, and will resume his career as a pundit, saying that he did not want to be a distraction for the Senator, who is considered a top potential 2016 presidential candidate.[32][33][34][35][36][37]
In a statement regarding the matter Hunter wrote, "I've long been a conservative, and years ago, a much more politically incorrect (and campy) one. But there's a significant difference between being politically incorrect and racist. I've also become far more Libertarian over the years, a philosophy that encourages a more tolerant worldview, through the lens of which I now look back on some of my older comments with embarrassment."[32]
Paul stood by Hunter when the story initially broke, saying Hunter's past comments were "absolutely stupid," but that he didn't think he held any racist views.[32]
Legislative actions
113th Congress
The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[38] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Paul's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[39]
National security
American response in Syria
- See also: United States involvement in Syria
Paul released a brief statement on the situation in Syria on August 28, 2013, calling for a cautious approach and congressional approval for any military action.[40]
He also questioned the administration's assertion that the Syrian regime definitely used chemical weapons. Vice President Biden has said there is "no doubt" that it did.[40]
"We should ascertain who used the weapons and we should have an open debate in Congress over whether the situation warrants U.S. involvement," Paul said. "The Constitution grants the power to declare war to Congress, not the President."[40]
Paul also said that he doesn't think taking sides in the conflict would create any new allies. "The war in Syria has no clear national security connection to the United States, and victory by either side will not necessarily bring in to power people friendly to the United States," Paul said.[40]
Paul joined with dozens of members in the House calling on President Obama to seek congressional approval for any action.[40]
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Syria authorization
- See also: United States involvement in Syria
On September 4, 2013, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee narrowly approved an authorization for President Obama to use limited force against Syria.[41][42]
The vote came after a three-hour briefing with top Obama administration officials, including Secretary of State John Kerry and James Clapper, the director of national intelligence.[43]
Of the nine Democratic members and eight Republican members that make up the committee, seven Democrats and three Republicans voted in favor, while five Republicans and two Democrats opposed the authorization.[43] A single "present" vote was cast by Ed Markey (D). Paul was one of the five Republicans who opposed the authorization.[44]
Amendment on authorization on Syria
Paul announced that he will introduce an amendment that will make the Congressional authorization on Syria action a binding vote.[45] Paul said on September 4, 2013, in an appearance on Fox & Friends, "So this morning I will introduce an amendment to the resolution in committee and I will ask to make it a binding vote and that Congress acknowledge that this is Congressional authority and that we have the ability to grant it to the President, but the President doesn't have the ability to initiate war without Congressional authority. That's what the Constitution says."[45]
Paul, who is against U.S. intervention in Syria, said he was "proud of the President" for asking Congress for authority, but said he wanted Sec. John Kerry in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing to "admit we have the authority and if the vote goes against you, that it's a binding vote."[45]
When asked if he will filibuster again, the Senator acknowledged that it "only temporarily slows things down" and added, "what I will try to do is I will try to lead the opposition."[45]
"As people saw when I did this previously, you can talk for only so long and eventually nature calls. So you can slow things down and sometimes get an answer to things, but you can't permanently delay."[45] He continued, "I can't imagine we won't require 60 votes on this. Whether there is an actual standing filibuster, I've got to check my shoes."[46]
Paul later said he has no plans to filibuster a resolution authorizing U.S. military force in Syria. Paul responded to an inquiry by Tim Kaine during a Senate Foreign Relations Committee debate on a new version of a resolution authorizing force by saying, "That would be a misinterpretation from the media."[47]
Editorial to CNN
Paul submitted an opinion editorial to CNN on August 29, 2013, in which he urged President Barack Obama not to rush into a war, saying "America's wars must be debated by Congress, declared constitutionally and fought only for the interests and security of the United States. They should never be fought to save face."[48]
Obama objective is stalemate
Paul said on August 30, 2013 that he thinks the Obama administration's only objective in Syria is "stalemate" and he does not support "sending my son, your son or anyone else's son to fight if your goal or objective is stalemate."[49]
"I think we have no strategic objective and I don't think it'll change the course of the war," Paul told Fox News. "In fact, one of the things that troubles me is that we've already announced in advance well, it's not going to be too much of an attack, it's not going to last too long and we're not for regime change."[49]
"And I've told them, frankly, I'm not sending my son, your son or anyone else's son to fight if your goal or objective is stalemate," Paul said. "That's not what Americans are about."[49]
Paul also appeared on Fox News on August 29, 2013, and said he "can't see fighting to impose Sharia law in Syria."
"I also can't see sending my son to fight with Islamic rebels against Christians," Paul said "I also can't see my son going to fight on the same side as Al Qaeda. There's so many ironies and unfortunate muddling nature to this that I can't see why we should get involved, and there are potential repercussions."[49]
Foreign aid to Egypt
On July 11, 2013, Paul introduced legislation that would cut off foreign aid to Egypt following the military ousting of President Mohamed Morsi.[50]
Paul made several comments prior to introducing the legislation, insisting that the events in Egypt constitute a military coup and has criticized the Obama administration for its commitment to continue providing foreign aid to the country.[50] The United States is forbidden by law to give aid to countries where a military overthrow of a democratically elected government has occurred. The administration has maintained, however, that the events in Egypt do not constitute a coup.[50]
"By the President's refusal to call the situation in Egypt a 'coup' and continuing the flow of foreign assistance to Egypt, he is forthrightly saying 'I am ignoring the rule of law,'" Paul said in a statement.[50]
Paul's bill is the first legislation in Congress directly addressing the matter, but several other senators, most notably John McCain (R), have expressed the belief that the U.S. should withhold aid to Egypt.[50]
Criticism from Peter King
Peter King (R-NY) speaking about Paul in an interview on CNN on August 1, 2013. |
Peter King (R-NY) made remarks in July 2013 that Paul is leading the Republican Party in a dangerous direction and compared him to 1972 Democratic presidential nominee George McGovern.[51]
"When you have Rand Paul actually comparing (NSA leaker Edward) Snowden to Martin Luther King or Henry David Thoreau, this is madness," King said on CNN's "State of the Union." "This is the anti-war, left-wing Democrats of the 1960s that nominated George McGovern and destroyed their party for almost 20 years. I don't want that to happen to our party."[51]
King also said it was "disturbing" that 94 of the 234 House Republicans voted for a measure that would have defunded the National Security Agency's phone record collection program.[51]
King, the former House homeland security committee chairman, has suggested he might run for president in 2016, if for no other reason than to be a voice in opposition to Paul's foreign policy views.[51]
"Aid to Egypt has nothing to do with aid to Long Island, or New Jersey. They're two separate issues and he should know the difference between Egypt, Long Island and New York … Sen. Paul claims to be a great friend of Israel but yesterday the ambassador to Israel … said that continuing American aid to Egypt is essential to maintain the peace process and maintain the Egyptian-Israeli peace agreement that was negotiated under President Carter over 30 years ago," King said in an interview. "So it's very easy to say 'cut this, cut that,' you can have an intelligence debate about it, but so far he hasn't shown very much intelligence."[52]
King also argued Paul and his libertarian-leaning views on foreign policy were making "America the enemy."[53] "He wants to retreat from the world. He wants to isolate ourselves, go back to a fortress America. The Republicans had this debate back in the 1930s, when you had the isolationist and the Charles Lindberghs, and the Democrats had it in the 1960s when the anti-war movement blamed America first. In both cases it hurt the party for years," King said in an interview on CNN on August 1, 2013.[53]
NSA controversy
In June 2013, The Guardian reported about a secret surveillance program where the NSA obtained phone records of millions of customers.[54] Paul is considering a class-action lawsuit against the National Security Agency over the large-scale surveillance program that was gathering data on American citizens. Paul also said he would consider taking it to the Supreme Court.[55][56] Paul called the NSA surveillance program an "astounding assault on the Constitution."[57]
Criticism from Dick Cheney
In June 2013, former vice president Dick Cheney criticized Paul's views that the NSA's surveillance programs infringed on the privacy of American citizens by arguing that most of the current Congress was not present immediately after the 9/11 attacks, and thus did not fully understand the circumstances that led to the adoption of the NSA programs. Cheney stated, "When you consider the possibility of somebody smuggling something like a nuclear device into the United States, it becomes very, very important to gather intelligence on your enemies and stop that attack before it ever gets launched."[58]
Paul responded to criticism from the former vice president by blaming Cheney and the Bush administration's pre-9/11 intelligence failures and subsequent security policies, which Paul blasted as incompatible with the U.S. Constitution. "Really, someone should have been removed from office for that," said Paul, "and they should have said this is never going to happen again." Paul continued: "Instead they said, 'oh, we need to look at the records of all the innocent Americans' phone calls every day.' And I think you need to have a respect for the Bill of Rights, a respect for privacy and particularly a respect for the fourth amendment."[59]
John Brennan CIA nomination
Paul voted against the confirmation of John Brennan as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The nomination was confirmed by the Senate on March 7, 2013, with a vote of 63 - 34. Most Democrats supported the nomination, while Republicans were somewhat divided with roughly one-third supporting the nomination.[60]
Drones filibuster
Rand Paul takes the floor on March 6, 2013 for a 13-hour filibuster on CIA Director confirmation and drone use. This video is the first hour. |
On March 6, 2013, Paul led a filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan that lasted 12 hours and 52 minutes - the ninth longest Senate filibuster on record.[8][61][62] In addition to delaying the final vote on Brennan's confirmation, Paul's stated intention was to highlight his concerns about the Obama Administration's drone policies.[8][62] Particularly, whether a drone could be used to kill an American citizen within the United States border, without any due process involved. Paul and other civil liberties activists have been critical that President Obama did not offer a clear response to the question. "I've come here to speak for as long as I can to draw attention to something that I find to really be very disturbing," he stated during the speech.[63] "Your notification is the buzz of propellers on the drone as it flies overhead in the seconds before you're killed. Is that what we really want from our government?" Paul prompted ominously[64] He went on to denounce lack of transparency in the drone program, asking "What will be the standard for how we kill Americans in America?... Could political dissent be part of the standard for drone strikes?"[65][66] Paul concluded his remarks asking for his counterparts on the other side of the aisle to join him in his efforts to obtain clarification from the president.
A total of 14 senators joined Paul in the filibuster -- 13 Republicans and one Democrat -- [67] and 30 Republican Senators reportedly did not support the filibuster.[68][69][70] Most prominent among Paul's GOP colleagues to rebuke him for his tactics were Senators John McCain (AZ) and Lindsey Graham (SC).[71] The day after the filibuster, McCain gave a speech in which he accused Paul of fear-mongering, pointing to his previous day's remarks about the United States government being able to use a drone to kill an American citizen who spoke out against government policy. He stated, "To somehow say that someone who disagrees with American policy and even may demonstrate against it, is somehow a member of an organization which makes that individual an enemy combatant is simply false."[71] Reinforcing McCain's argument, Attorney General Eric Holder sent a letter to Paul, responding to the filibuster. Holder wrote, "Does the president have the authority to use a weaponized drone to kill an American not engaged in combat on U.S. soil? The answer to that is no."[72]
Paul's fellow Senator from Kentucky, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R), supported the filibuster, advising Senate Republicans to hold off on Brennan's confirmation vote until the Obama Administration addresses Paul's concerns on drone use.[73] Republican Sens. Ted Cruz (TX), Marco Rubio (FL), Pat Toomey (PA), and nine others, including Democratic Senator Ron Wyden, also participated.[74][75]
Government shutdown
- See also: United States budget debate, 2013
After the government shutdown went into effect, Paul said on October 1, 2013, that he would support a short-term funding measure "to keep the government open while we negotiate."[76]
"I think what we could do is pass a very short term, maybe not six weeks, but what about one week, so we could negotiate over a week," Paul said. "I think a continuing bill to keep the government open while we negotiate is a good idea. I do agree that negotiating with the government closed probably to [Democrats] appears like strong-arm tactics."[76]
"I think if we did it for a week or two, we could still continue to negotiate, have a conference committee and really I think the American people do want us to work this out," Paul added.[76]
WWII memorial closure
Paul condemned the federal government for trying to block World War II vets from visiting their memorial, saying "some idiot in government sent goons out there to set up barricades."
"If Harry Reid and the president want to keep the parks closed — I mean did you read the story today? Some idiot in government sent goons out there to set up barricades so they couldn't see the monument. People had to spend hours setting up barricades where there are never barricades to prevent people from seeing the World War II monument because they're trying to play a charade," Rand said on October 1, 2013.[77]
Paul's attack comes after reports that a group of World War II veterans had to break down barricades to access the National World War II Memorial, one of the sites that was closed due to the government shutdown.[77]
No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013
Paul voted against H.R.325 -- No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. The bill passed the Senate on January 31, 2013, with a vote of 64 - 34. The purpose of the bill was to temporarily suspended the debt ceiling and withhold the pay of members of Congress until a budget could be passed. The vote largely followed party lines with Democrats overwhelmingly supporting it and many Republicans in opposition to the bill.[60]
2013 Senate Budget Proposal
Paul voted against the 2013 Senate Budget Proposal.[60] On March 23, after an all-night debate that ended just before 5 a.m., by a 50 to 49 vote the Democratically controlled Senate approved its first budget in four years. No Republicans voted for the Senate plan, and four Democrats opposed it. All four are from red states and are up for re-election in 2014. Paul was one of the four Democrats who voted against the budget proposal.[60]
The approved plan is a $3.7 trillion budget for 2014 and would provide a fast track for passage of tax increases, trim spending modestly and leave the government still deeply in the red for the next decade.
The approval of a budget in the Senate began the process of setting up contentious, and potentially fruitless, negotiations with the Republican-controlled House starting in April to reconcile two vastly different plans for dealing with the nation's economic and budgetary problems.
The House plan would have brought the government's taxes and spending into balance by 2023 with cuts to domestic spending even below the levels of automatic across-the-board cuts for federal programs now, and it orders up dramatic and controversial changes to Medicare and the tax code.
The Senate plan differed greatly, and included $100 billion in upfront infrastructure spending to bolster the economy and calls for special fast-track rules to overhaul the tax code and raise $975 billion over 10 years in legislation that could not be filibustered. Even with that tax increase and prescribed spending cuts, the plan approved by the Senate would leave the government with a $566 billion annual deficit in 10 years, and $5.2 trillion in additional debt over that window.
Paul Ryan Budget Proposal
In March 2013 the U.S. Senate soundly rejected a balanced budget plan by House Budget Committee chair Paul Ryan (R).[78] Five Republicans joined every Democrat present to kill the measure, which failed on a 40-59 vote.[78]
Paul was one of the five Senate Republicans who voted against Ryan's budget proposal.[78]
The proposed budget would have cut about $5 trillion over the next decade and aimed to balance the budget by the end of the 10-year period.[79]
Some tea party members of the GOP opposed the measure because of its reliance on $600 billion-plus in tax revenues on the wealthy enacted in January 2013, in order to balance the budget.[78] Others in the Senate opposed the Ryan plan because of cuts from safety net programs for the poor and the inclusion of a plan to turn the Medicare program for the elderly into a voucher-like system for future beneficiaries born in 1959 or later.[78]
Gang of Eight
- See also: Gang of Eight
In May 2013, Paul said that he supports stronger border-security provisions and more work visas. He said he would not support immigration legislation without those provisions. "The main problem with illegal immigration is that we don't have enough legal immigration," Paul said.[80] In June 2013, Paul said he would support comprehensive immigration reform if his amendment increasing congressional oversight on border security is accepted. Paul's amendment, if approved, would require the Department of Homeland Security to implement border security measures such as additional fencing along the U.S-Mexico border. Congress would also be given a yearly report before voting whether the agency met its goals. The number of legal work visas approved would be tied to whether metrics are met.[81]
On June 23, 2013, Paul announced he will vote against the final Senate immigration reform bill because it does not guarantee border security.[82] "I'm all in favor of immigration reform but I'm like most conservatives in the country [in] that I think reform should be dependent on border security first," he said on CNN's "State of the Union".[83]
Paul went on to say that the bill could actually lead to higher future levels of illegal immigration because of caps on work visas for agricultural workers.[83] He previously introduced an amendment that would have required Congress to vote on whether border security goals have been met before granting legal status to millions of illegal immigrants. The Senate rejected Paul's proposal at the end of June 2013.[83]
Completion of fence along Mexico border
Paul voted for Senate Amendment 1197 -- Requires the Completion of the Fence Along the United States-Mexico Border. The amendment was rejected by the Senate on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 39 - 54. The purpose of the amendment was to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status. The vote followed party lines.[60]
Unlikely to defeat Obamacare
In a statement on September 21, 2013, Paul acknowledged that it is unlikely that Republicans in Congress will be able to defeat Obamacare.[84]
"We probably can't defeat or get rid of Obamacare," Paul said in a statement.
However, he did note that efforts by Republicans in the House to defund Obamacare in its government funding bill could lead to a compromise.[84]
Anti-Obamacare rally
Senators Ted Cruz, Paul and Mike Lee, who have been leading calls in the Senate to defund Obamacare in any spending bills, took part in a September 10, 2013 "Exempt America from Obamacare" event, organized by Tea Party Patriots and ForAmerica, along with other conservative groups.[85]
"Democrats will stop at nothing to protect the president's signature legislation, and too many Republicans are afraid to fight," rally organizers wrote.[85] They also took a shot at the Office of Personnel Management rule allowing the federal government to continue subsidizing health plans for lawmakers and their aides.[85] "Even Big Government is getting a carve out now," they wrote.[85]
The rally comes after 80 House members signed a letter in August 2013, calling on Congress to defund the health care law in upcoming fiscal battles.[85]
Petition to defund Obamacare
Senators Rand Paul and Marco Rubio found agreement in defunding President Barack Obama's health care law in August 2013 and both of the senators are gathering petitions to defund the law.[86]
The Campaign for Liberty, which is chaired by Paul's father Ron Paul, has been sharply critical of Rubio's stances on foreign affairs and immigration reform.[86] However, the Campaign for Liberty and Rubio stressed similar lines of attack against Obama's health care law.[86]
In a message sent out to supporters on August 23, 2013, John Tate, the president of the Campaign for Liberty, pointed toward Congress returning to Washington in September. "Another opportunity may not come around until it is too late to reverse the damage Obamacare is doing to our health care and our liberty," Tate insisted. "Next month, Congress will consider a 'continuing resolution' (CR) to keep taxpayer dollars flowing to the federal bureaucracy. Senators Mike Lee, Ted Cruz, and Rand Paul are spearheading an effort to attach language defunding Obamacare to the CR. This would force President Obama, Harry Reid, and their statist cronies to choose between funding all their other big-spending schemes or defunding what they see as their signature 'accomplishment.'"[86]
Tate offered harsh words for some of the GOP leadership in the Republican-controlled House. "Some Republicans, including House Speaker John Boehner, Majority Leader Eric Cantor, and Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan, are heading for the tall grass, claiming it would be 'irresponsible' to force Obama to choose between admitting his health care plan is a disaster or funding his other favorite programs," Tate insisted. "They would rather bask in the approval of the Beltway media than obey their promise to you to fight to repeal Obamacare."[86]
The Campaign for Liberty is running a petition calling for the defunding of the health care law. Reclaim America, a PAC affiliated with Rubio, will also be running its own petitions to defund the law.[86]
Social issues
Illegal substances
Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) called for Paul to testify as a witness on a mandatory drug minimum panel on September 18, 2013. The hearings concerned the effectiveness of mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenders.[87]
Felons' voting rights
On September 16, 2013, Paul stated that he would work to reinstate voting rights of convicted felons who have completed their sentences.[88]
Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013
Paul voted against S.47 -- Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 12, 2013, with a vote of 78 - 22. The purpose of the bill was to combat violence against women, from domestic violence to international trafficking in persons. All 22 dissenting votes were cast by Republicans.[60]
Previous congressional sessions
Fiscal Cliff
Paul voted against the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of five Republicans that voted against the bill. The bill was passed in the Senate by a 89 - 8 vote on January 1, 2013.[89]
Second Amendment
Paul believes "gun control laws only restrict access to responsible gun ownership." He opposes "any proposed gun control law which would limit the right to gun ownership by those who are responsible, law-abiding citizens."[90]
Paul expanded his criticism of gun control laws to include the Patriot Act, which in his view "gives the government the right to search your home without a warrant, when you're not home, leave listening devices, and use any and all information to create a prosecution on any charge regardless of their original reason for the search." Paul believes that the Second Amendment is protected only as far as the Fourth Amendment is protected. He states that unless Americans are free from "unreasonable searches and seizures," their Second Amendment rights are not fully protected.[91]
On energy policy, Paul opposes government subsidies for solar and wind power, claiming such involvement destroys incentives for energy innovation and encourages more lobbying by companies "with the most political clout." Paul supports cutting taxes and eliminating regulations on those businesses involved with developing new sources of energy.[92]
Hemp legalization
Paul supports the legalization of hemp.[93][94]
Debt and spending
Paul has criticized Republicans who "dramatically increased federal spending" after lowering taxes during the Bush administration, leading to an unbalanced budget.[95]
Paul also introduced legislation in 2011 to cut the deficit by $500 billion within one year.[96][97] His budget plan, introduced in 2011, sought to balance the federal budget within 5 years.[98][99]
Presidential preference
Rand Paul endorsed Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential election. [100]
Paul declared in late May 2013 that he will seek re-election in 2016 to the United States Senate.[101]
Paul is a possible GOP nominee for the presidential ticket in 2016. Paul's chief of staff, Doug Stafford--who is widely seen as Paul's closest adviser--announced plans to resign in order to manage Paul's national political operation, according to reports from May 2, 2013.[102] Stafford will be focused on directing the senator's organization in early-primary states, his calendar, and his communications.[102] He will also run Paul's political-action committees — RAND PAC and Rand Paul for U.S. Senate — which are expected to grow and are the financial and political foundation for Paul's likely presidential campaign if he chooses to run for President in 2016.[102]
In an interview in April 2013, Rand answered when asked whether he'll run for president, "We are considering it. You know, I want to be part of the national debate. So whether I run or not, being considered is something that allows me to have a larger microphone."[102]
In May and June 2013, Paul planned trips to several states for the beginning of a presidential exploration tour. States Paul planned to visit on the trip include California, Iowa, New Hampshire and South Carolina.[103][104] During Paul's visit to Iowa on May 11, 2013, he criticized Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for her handling of the Benghazi terrorist attack.[105][106] During Paul's trip to the Granite State, New Hampshire state house representative Phil Straight (R) called Paul a "contender" for the 2016 presidential race.[107]
A July 2013 poll conducted by Democratic polling firm Public Policy Polling found that Paul leads other possible Republican presidential candidates by a margin of 16%. The other politicians in the poll included (in order of results) Jeb Bush, Gov. Chris Christie (NJ), Rep. Paul Ryan (WI), Sen. Ted Cruz (TX) and Sen. Marco Rubio.[108]
On November 2, 2010, Paul won election to the United States Senate. The race attracted more than $8.5 million dollars in outside spending.[109]
Paul was a surprising victor over the favorite, former Kentucky Secretary of State Trey Grayson, in the primary election.[110][111][112]
Paul defeated Jack Conway (D) and Billy Ray Wilson (Write-In) in the general election.[113]
Campaign donors
Comprehensive donor information for Paul is available dating back to 2010. Based on available campaign finance records, Paul raised a total of $7,809,324 during that time period. This information was last updated on April 3, 2013.[114]
Rand Paul's Campaign Contribution History | ||||
Year | Office | Result | Contributions | |
2010 | U.S. Senate (Kentucky) | $7,809,324 | ||
Grand Total Raised | $7,809,324 |
Lobbyist contributions
In an analysis by Open Secrets of the Top 10 Recipients of Contributions from Lobbyists in 2013, Paul was 1 of 115 members of Congress who did not report any contributions from lobbyists in 2013 as of July 3, 2013.[115]
Ideology and leadership
Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Paul is a "rank-and-file Republican," as of June 21, 2013.[116]
Like-minded colleagues
The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[117]
Paul most often votes with: |
Paul least often votes with: |
Lifetime voting record
According to the website GovTrack, Paul missed 23 of 578 roll call votes from Jan 2011 to Mar 2013. This amounts to 4.00%, which is worse than the median of 1.7% among currently serving senators as of March 2013.[118]
Congressional staff salaries
The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Paul paid his congressional staff a total of $1,454,975 in 2011. He ranks fifth on the list of the lowest paid Republican senatorial staff salaries and ranks fifth overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Kentucky ranks 40th in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.[119]
Net worth
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Paul's net worth as of 2011 was estimated between $433,025 and $1,295,000 That averages to $864,012, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2011 of $6,358,668. His average net worth increased by 11.63% from 2010.[120]
Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Paul's networth as of 2010 was estimated between $278,019 and $1,269,999. That averages to $774,009. The average net worth of Republican senators in 2010 was $7,054,258.[121]
National Journal vote ratings
- See also: National Journal vote ratings
Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Paul ranked 6th in the conservative rankings in 2012.[122]
Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Paul ranked 32nd in the conservative rankings among U.S. senators.[123]
Voting with party
Rand Paul voted with the Republican Party 83.6% of the time, which ranked 38th among the 46 Senate Republican members as of June 2013.[124]
Paul has been married to his wife Kelley (nee Ashby) since 1993. They live in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and have three sons: William, Duncan, and Robert.[9]
Paul is the first Senator to have served simultaneously with a parent, Ron Paul (R), in the United States House of Representatives.[125][126]
Strategy Group for Media
In July 2013, it was announced that Kelley Paul was no longer a staff member of Strategy Group for Media, a conservative consulting firm. The firm has previously worked on Sen. Paul's television ads in his 2010 race, Senate candidate Todd Akin's campaign and Michele Bachmann's 2012 presidential bid, among other campaigns.[127]
Pro bono eye surgeries
During his recess from Congress in August 2013 Paul performed pro-bono eye surgeries.[128][129] "Because of Senate rules [Paul] wasn't able to keep his practice for profit but … to keep his skills honed and well as to be able to continue to practice, the only way he's able to do that is if he does it as pro bono work," said Paul's communication director, Moira Bagley.[128] "So there are various eye clinics around the state that will donate their facilities, and their nurses, and their follow-up appointments, their equipment for Dr. Paul to come and perform surgeries on pre-screened candidates."[128]
According to Bagley, the senator views it as a way to give back to Kentucky and tries to do the pro bono surgeries about four or five times each year on about four or five patients.[128]
"Most of these surgeries are for cataracts, and these are people that don't have insurance, that are low-income cases. … I'd say a lot of them are elderly but he's been doing this since he came to Congress as a way to continue to practice and to … give back to the state," she said, adding that Paul has done surgeries from Pikeville to Paducah and places in between.[128]
Recent news
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- ↑ Fox News "Rand Paul says he's considering a 2016 presidential bid," April 17, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post "Rand Paul: 2016 Presidential Run Under Consideration, But No Decision Yet," April 17, 2013
- ↑ Daily Independent "Paul plans re-election bid for Senate," May 24, 2013
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Talking Points Memo "Rand Paul Aide Reportedly Spent Years As Pro-Secessionist Radio Shock Jock" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Free Beacon "Rand Paul aide has history of neo-Confederate sympathies, inflammatory statements" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ Slate "Crawling Out From Under the Rubble of Jack Hunter-gate" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ Yahoo "Rand Paul's troubling ties to racists" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Official Senate website "About page," Accessed October 20, 2011
- ↑ Biography.com "Rand Paul" Accessed April 30, 2013
- ↑ Congressional Quarterly "Senate Committee List" Accessed January 22, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Senate Official website "Committee Assignments," Accessed October 20, 2011
- ↑ Washington Post "Sen. Rand Paul aggressively courting evangelicals to win over GOP establishment," May 12, 2013
- ↑ Buzz Feed, "Small Turnout For Rand Paul's Coffee Talk," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Politico, "Rand Paul's barely bipartisan coffee," accessed October 4, 2013
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 Politico, "Rand Paul, heading to South Carolina, talks Lindsey Graham, Egypt," accessed August 26, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs namedgrahm
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Politico, "GOP 2016 hopefuls slated for NYC event," accessed August 28, 2013
- ↑ NJ.com, "Chris Christie calls Rand Paul another 'Washington politician,'" July 30, 2013
- ↑ The New Republic, "President Rand Paul, Watch out, he's becoming a better politician every day," Accessed June 17, 2013
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Politico "Rand Paul in tough spot in 2014 Kentucky Senate race" Accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Politico, "Rand Paul mulling Steve Lonegan endorsement," accessed August 28, 2013
- ↑ Roll Call, "Rand Paul to Stump for Republican in New Jersey Special | #NJSEN," accessed September 4, 2013
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Politico, "Rand Paul mocks Cory Booker," accessed September 12, 2013
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 NY Times, "Senator Rand Paul Faces New Charges of Plagiarism," accessed November 5, 2013
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 BuzzFeed, "Three Pages Of Rand Paul's Book Were Plagiarized From Think Tanks," accessed November 4, 2013
- ↑ ABC News, "Sen. Rand Paul Wishes He Could Challenge Plagiarism Critics to a 'Duel'; Calls Them 'Hacks and Haters'," accessed November 4, 2013
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Politico, "Rachel Maddow: Second Wikipedia ripoff by Rand Paul," accessed October 30, 2013
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Washington Post, "Sen. Rand Paul will block Yellen's nomination," accessed October 30, 2013
- ↑ Slate "Crawling Out From Under the Rubble of Jack Hunter-gate" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ Yahoo "Rand Paul's troubling ties to racists" Accessed July 11, 2013
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Washington Post "Controversial Rand Paul aide resigns" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post "Controversial Rand Paul aide resigns" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ Daily Caller "Southern Avenger no more: Rand Paul aide Jack Hunter leaves staff, returns to punditry" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ USA Today "Controversial aide to Sen. Rand Paul steps aside" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post "Rand Paul Aide Resigns After Confederate Views Stir Controversy" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ The Hill "Paul aide with pro-Confederate past resigns" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 [http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/08/28/rand-paul-urges-caution-on-syria-we-should-ascertain-who-used-the-weapons/?wprss=rss_politics&clsrd Washington Post, "Rand Paul urges caution on Syria: 'We should ascertain who used the weapons'," accessed August 28, 2013]
- ↑ Politico, "Senate panel approves Syria measure," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ USA Today, "Senate committee approves Syria attack resolution," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs namedsyriacommitteevote
- ↑ Politico, "How Senate Foreign Relations Committee members voted on Syria," accessed September 5, 2013
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 Politico, "Rand Paul plan binds Hill approval, Syria," accessed September 4, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Libertarians, liberals unite against Syria strike," accessed September 4, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post, "Rand Paul denies plans to filibuster Syria resolution," accessed September 4, 2013
- ↑ CNN.com, "Obama, don't rush into war in Syria," accessed August 29, 2013
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Politico, "Rand Paul: Syria 'objective is stalemate'," accessed August 30, 2013
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 Politico "Rand Paul introduces legislation to stop Egypt aid" Accessed July 12, 2013
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 Washington Post "Peter King: Rand Paul is the GOP's George McGovern" Accessed July 31, 2013
- ↑ Politico "Peter King: Rand Paul 'perpetuating this big lie'" Accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 Real Clear Politics "Peter King: Rand Paul's Views On Foreign Policy Make "America The Enemy"" Accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post "Rand Paul: NSA Surveillance Programs Warrant Supreme Court Challenge ," June 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Caller "Rand Paul threatens to challenge NSA at Supreme Court," June 9, 2013
- ↑ WDRB "U.S. Senator Rand Paul threatens legal action," June 9, 2013
- ↑ The Hill "Rand Paul: NSA phone spying an 'astounding assault on Constitution'," June 6, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post "Dick Cheney: Rand Paul is wrong on government surveillance," June 16, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post "Rand Paul Attacks Dick Cheney, Bush Administration For Pre-9/11 Security Failures ," June 19, 2013
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 Project Votesmart, "Rand Paul Key Votes," accessed October 17, 2013
- ↑ ABC News "Rand Paul's 13 Hour Filibuster – The Talking Kind – Against John Brennan" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 NY Times "Rand Paul Leads Filibuster of Brennan Nomination" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ The Washington Times, "After almost 13 hours, Rand Paul ends Brennan filibuster," March 6, 2013
- ↑ FoxNews.com March 2013
- ↑ The New York Times, "Rand Paul does not go quietly into the night," March 6, 2013
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ ABC News "Rand Paul Wins Applause From GOP and Liberals," March 7, 2013
- ↑ Breitbart "AWOL: Meet The GOP Senators Who Refused to Stand With Rand," March 7, 2013
- ↑ CNN "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013
- ↑ USA Today "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with 'no'," March 7, 2013
- ↑ Roll Call, "GOP Should Support Paul's Filibuster, McConnell Says," March 7, 2013
- ↑ The Blaze, "Here Are All the GOP Senators That Participated in Rand Paul's 12+ Hour Filibuster… and the Ones Who Didn't," March 7, 2013
- ↑ ABC News "Sen. Rand Paul Questions Drone Policy, Says Scandals Threaten President Obama's 'Moral Authority'," May 26, 2013
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 Politico, "Rand Paul: Open the government," accessed October 1, 2013
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Politico, "Rand Paul: 'Goons' blocked WWII Memorial," accessed October 2, 2013
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 78.4 CBS News, "Senate Rejects Paul Ryan Budget," accessed March 22, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post, "10 House Republicans Vote Against Ryan Budget," accessed March 22, 2013
- ↑ Wall Street Journal "Sen. Paul Calls for Tougher Borders, More Work Visas," May 26, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post "Sen. Rand Paul offers border security amendment to Senate immigration bill," June 12, 2013
- ↑ The Hill "Rand Paul to oppose immigration bill" Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
tag; no text was provided for refs namedgang
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 Politico, "Rand Paul: GOP 'probably can't defeat' Obamacare," accessed September 23, 2013
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 85.4 Politico, "Rand Paul, Ted Cruz plan anti-Obamacare rally," accessed August 27, 2013
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 86.5 Sunshine State News, "Marco Rubio, Rand Paul and Ron Paul Join Forces to Defeat Obamacare," accessed August 26, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Patrick Leahy taps Rand Paul to fight drug sentences," accessed September 13, 2013
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Rand Paul wants to restore felons' voting rights," accessed September 16, 2013
- ↑ U.S. Senate "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff" Accessed January 4, 2013.
- ↑ Official Senate website "Issues: Second Amendment," Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ Official Senate website "Issues: Second Amendment," Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ Official Senate website "Issues: Energy," Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ Huffington Post " Mitch McConnell, Rand Paul Push For Hemp Legalization In Senate Fight," May 20, 2013
- ↑ Courier-Journal "With support from Sen. Rand Paul, hemp bill clears Kentucky Senate committee unanimously," February 11, 2013
- ↑ Official Senate website "Issues: Debt & Spending," Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ Official Senate website "Sen. Paul Introduces $500 Billion in Spending Cuts," January 25, 2011
- ↑ Los Angeles Times "Sen. Rand Paul unveils $500 billion in federal budget cuts," January 25, 2011
- ↑ Official Senate website "Issues: Budget," Accessed June 24, 2013
- ↑ ABC News "Sen. Paul Unveils 5-Year Budget Plan: Eliminates Four Federal Agencies," March 17, 2011
- ↑ Washington Post, "Rand Paul endorses Mitt Romney," June 7, 2012
- ↑ Daily Independent "Paul plans re-election bid for Senate," May 24, 2013
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 National Review "The Rand Machine Ramps Up" Accessed May 3, 2013
- ↑ 9News "GOP's Rand Paul raises profile with eye on 2016," May 10, 2013
- ↑ Washington Post "Sen. Rand Paul explores 2016 presidential road with Iowa GOP trip as Gov. Jindal visits NH," May 10, 2013
- ↑ NBC Politics "Rand Paul challenges Hillary Clinton in key Iowa speech," May 11, 2013
- ↑ WJLA "Rand Paul in Iowa today amid 2016 chatter," May 10, 2013
- ↑ Courier-Journal "Kentucky Senator Rand Paul seen as 'contender' in New Hampshire," May 27, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul leads GOP 2016 primary poll," Accessed July 25, 2013
- ↑ Courier-Journal "Outside groups spend big in U.S. Senate race," October 29, 2010
- ↑ Kentucky Elections "Primary Election Results," May 18, 2010
- ↑ Bluegrass Politics "Some conservatives wary of Grayson," June 28, 2009
- ↑ WDRB "Rand Paul defeats Trey Grayson," May 18, 2010
- ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008"
- ↑ Open Secrets "Rand Paul" Accessed April 3, 2013
- ↑ Open Secrets "Top Recipients of Lobbyists Cash in 2013" Accessed July 3, 2013
- ↑ Gov Track "Rand Paul," Accessed June 21, 2013
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Rep. Rand Paul," Accessed August 2, 2013
- ↑ GovTrack, "Rand Paul," Accessed March 29, 2013
- ↑ LegiStorm "Rand Paul"
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Paul, (R-KY), 2011"
- ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Rand Paul (R-Kentucky), 2010"
- ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," February 28, 2013
- ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: Senate," February 23, 2012
- ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
- ↑ McClatchy DC "Father watches with pride as Rand Paul becomes U.S. senator" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ White House 16 "Kentucky Senator Rand Paul" Accessed July 22, 2013
- ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul's wife leaves GOP consulting firm," accessed July 15, 2013
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 128.2 128.3 128.4 Politico, "Rand Paul gives eye surgeries during recess," accessed August 22, 2013
- ↑ Red Alert Politics, "Sen. Rand Paul's summer break includes performing free eye surgery," accessed August 22, 2013
Political offices | ||
Preceded by Jim Bunning |
U.S. Senate - Kentucky 2011-Present |
Succeeded by - |


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Tampa Bay Lightning Gear
Tampa Bay Lightning Mens
Tampa Bay Lightning Mens Pet Supplies
Product ID: 627411
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
Order as many items as you like with our $4.99 flat rate shipping.
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Gear up your dog in hardcore Lightning spirit in this comfy Dog tee! Featuring a vibrant team logo, this tee will give your dog a casual, team-spirited look that'll show off your Tampa Bay pride wherever you two decide to venture.
- 100% Cotton fabric
- Imported
- Large = 16"-17" in length
- Lightweight ribbed dog T-shirt
- Medium = 14"-15" in length
- Officially licensed NHL product
- Rib-knit collar & cuffs
- Screen print graphics
- Small = 12"-13" in length
- X-Large = 18"-20" in length
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.

subset: commoncrawl


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Top Definition
The process of kissing over a long period of time in a comfortable place with someone special. It is different than making out because lips don't lock at any point, they only temporarily touch for a brief moment only to touch again after another brief moment. Tongue is used only to lick each others face or to have tongue wars.
"I love to spend long days with my girlfriend Alexa smooching out in her bed"
بواسطة n11c04
يونيو 22, 2009


text: Energy-saving thermal dog bed keeps your pet warm without wires or batteries! Unique inner core insulates and reflects body heat to your dog, and thick plush polyester fibers keep him cozy. Place cushion in cage, crate, or on the floor for a convenient source of comforting warmth. Attractive design reverses to solid black plush. Simply throw cushion in the washer when soiled. Colors: Zebra, Giraffe, Leopard, Peppered Paws Charcoal, Peppered Paws Forest, or Peppered Paws Semisweet. See all our Dog Beds. Personalization is not available for this cushion. We apologize for any inconvenience. Please click on "More Information" for washing instructions. | ||||||


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The Hong Kong Telecommunications Report features our independent industry forecasts on the future strength of Hong Kong´s ICT market, covering the fixed-line, mobile and internet segments and analyses latest regulatory developments and corporate news, including investment activity, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures and partnerships. Leading operators and manufacturers are fully profiled, highlighting their quarterly financial performance, capital expenditure plans and latest contracts. Our Hong Kong Telecommunications Report provides industry professionals and researchers, operators, equipment suppliers and vendors, corporate and financial services analysts and regulatory bodies with independent forecasts and competitive intelligence on the telecoms industry in Hong Kong. Key Benefits - Benchmark our independent telecoms industry forecasts for Hong Kong to test other views - a key input
Author:Mike Kinge-mailWeb: www.companiesandmarkets.comPhone: London: +44 (0) 203 086 8600


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Mon-Fri: 7am-1am EST / Sat-Sun: 7am-11pm EST
If you placed an order on ApplianceHelp.com the order is still valid and you can check on its status and make changes here on PartSelect.com. Click here for more details.
Below is a list of all parts for the Kenmore Refrigerator 10644023601. To find the repair part you need, you can browse the list below or you can narrow your choices by searching for a part by name or description.
*Please note, this door chute is no longer being manufactured with a heater.
This kit includes the stripper arm and fill cup.
Sold individually.
This part is also known as the cycling thermostat and this bi-metal device controls the activation of the icemaker ejection cycle.
This kit includes the module motor, ejector arm, and ice stripper arm. The complete icemaker is sold separately.
This dispenser door pin comes with the washer.
This part includes the frame and glass. This shelf can be moved according to the space you need. These shelves are supported at the back of the refrigerator. Note: As per the manufacturer this shelf no longer has graphics.


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Quick Links
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NL11525 In Stock
With our Black Acrylic Monogram Necklace you are sure to have a piece all your own. This necklace is personalized with your very own monogram made just for you. A traditional monogram has listed the first initial, last initial, then middle initial. The last initial is placed in the center since it is the largest letter, do place your initials in the order you would like them to appear. This acrylic monogram necklace comes in a variety of sizes. Our small is .87 inches wide, medium is 1.25 inches wide, large is 1.5 inches wide, and the x-large is 2 inches wide. This lovely script style black acrylic monogram is sure to give your look an extra pop of personality.
Eve's Addiction.com wants you to be a happy customer. We want you to be completely satisfied with the sterling silver jewelry that you receive from us, as we only sell high quality silver and cubic zirconia cz jewelry. We do understand that you may not like your purchase for some reason.
You may return or exchange your jewelry within 60 days of purchase if you are not satisfied with it. The jewelry must be returned in its original condition for a refund or exchange. Engraved, personalized, photo, monogram, name and initial, chocolate and clearance items are not returnable or exchangeable.


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Posted on 10/15/2013 by Jazmine Kilpatrick
Forsyth County residents can purchase Annual Vehicle Admission Stickers for entrance into Tanglewood Park at a discounted rate of $20 from November 1st, 2013 to January 1st, 2014. After January 1st, the vehicle admission stickers will be $25. They are available at the Tanglewood Welcome Center or you can print the application.
This Vehicle Admission Sticker is not valid for special events. Vehicle Admission Stickers are valid through December 31st of the current year. Vehicles entering the park without a Vehicle Admission Sticker have to pay a $2 gate fee upon each visit. Please call the Tanglewood Welcome Center at (336) 703-6400 if you have any questions.
Mike Anderson, Director
201 North Chestnut Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 (336) 703-2500
Office Hours 8:00 am - 5:00 pm (Mon. - Fri.)
May 16, 2015: Access to the Triad Park Disc Golf course may be limited due to high volume from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm.


text:
New players have to be introduced to test cricket sometime. Why not in a series where the most important aspect of it has been already decided? If we wait, then it probably be at the start of another series where the actual important (series) result is still on the line.
Which brings me to my next question...
If that ball from Johnson had have safely lolled to Haddin for a dot ball, would Waqar Younis II have referred it?
See thats where the difference in perception lies. I can only speak from personal experience that retaining the Border Gavaskar Trophy in 2004 was nowhere near as satisfying as winning it in Sydney would have been. I certainly hope the Australian team isn't taking this as light heartedly as you guys are.
The funny thing is, Julian, I'm actually regarded as a bit of a Prior-hating Haddin fanboy by certain members of this forum, and yet I still think you're one. That's how ridiculously extreme your opinions of the situation are - even the known Haddin fans think you're over-the-top.
You seriously suggested that Swann should bat above Prior in Melbourne, FFS. The bloke averages over 40 in Tests with three tons. You've gone mad.
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Boceprevir Drug Combination for Hepatitis C Treatment in People With and Without HIV
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- Standard treatment for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a combination of the drugs peg-IFN and ribavirin. However, this treatment is not very effective in people with a serious type of HCV (HCV genotype 1) and also in people who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Researchers want to add a new drug, boceprevir to see if it can improve treatment results in people with both HCV genotype 1 and HIV. Boceprevir used in combination with peg-IFN and ribavirin has been recently approved for the treatment of people with HCV genotype 1 infection only, and is currently being studied in those with HIV and HCV.
- To test boceprevir, peg-IFN, and ribavirin as a treatment for HCV genotype 1 in people with HCV monoinfection compared to those with both HIV and HCV infections.
- Individuals at least 18 years of age who have HCV genotype 1 infection, and have not received interferon treatment for HCV
- Half of the study participants will also have HIV infection.
- Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. They will also have blood and urine tests.
- Participants will also have heart and liver function tests, and answer questions about mood and depression.
- Those in the study will receive ribavirin tablets to take twice a day, and peg-IFN to inject under the skin weekly.
- Two weeks after starting treatment, participants will have blood tests to study the treatment.
- Four weeks after starting treatment, participants will start taking boceprevir three times a day.
- Participants will have regular study visits with blood samples and other tests. The length of therapy will depend on the level of virus detected in the blood at several clinic visits. Those who do not respond well to the medicines at 12 weeks will stop treatment. The full length of treatment is 48 weeks.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
Hepatitis HIV/AIDS |
Drug: Boceprevir Drug: Peg-Interferon-alfa 2B Drug: Ribavirin |
Phase 4 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Non-Randomized Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | An Open Label, On-Treatment Trial to Assess the Effect of HIV-1 Coinfection on Therapeutic Responses Using Boceprevir, Peg-Interferon-alfa-2b and Ribavirin in HCV Genotype 1, IFN Treatment-Naive Subjects With or Without HIV-1 |
- Efficacy, defined as sustained viral response (SVR) six months after the end of specified treatment.
- Evaluation of the inteferon-stimulated genetic expression.
- Description of HCV N53 mutations and virologic failure.
- Change in early HCV viral load kinetics between mono and co-infected subjects.
- Safety and treatment outcome measures stratified by ESA Use
- Proportion of subjects who are receiving HAART who remain with an HIV RNA & lt; 400 copies/mL and those with HIV RNA & gt; 400 copies/mL at end of treatment
- Efficacy (SVR) rates as predicted by viral response at the end of the 4-week lead-in therapy with PEG/RBV and comparison between HCV monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected subjects
Estimated Enrollment: | 200 |
Study Start Date: | September 2011 |
Study Completion Date: | September 2013 |
Primary Completion Date: | September 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
Arms | Assigned Interventions |
Active Comparator: 1-HCV
Hepatitis C Mono-infected
Drug: Boceprevir
Drug: Peg-Interferon-alfa 2B
Drug: Ribavirin
Active Comparator: 2 HCV/HIV
Hepatitis C and HIV co-Infected
Drug: Boceprevir
Drug: Peg-Interferon-alfa 2B
Drug: Ribavirin
Detailed Description:
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem with an estimated 180 million people infected worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 4.1 million people are infected and HCV is the principal cause of death from liver disease and leading indication for liver transplantation. A combination of ribavirin (RBV) and pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) is the currently recommended therapy for chronic HCV infection. However, this therapy achieves viral clearance in only 19% to 52% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and 76% to 80% of patients infected with genotypes 2 and 3. Current therapy is also associated with a high incidence of adverse events and low cure rates in several populations. Novel therapies that do not rely on an interferon backbone will be required to enhance cure rates in various populations. Recent data show that adding an HCV serine protease inhibitor (such as boceprevir [BOC]) to peg-IFN and RBV results in HCV eradication rates of 70% to 80% among HCV-monoinfected subjects. However, whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects will have similar rates of response to triple combination therapy is presently not known. Previous data have suggested that HIV-infected patients with chronic HCV infection have much lower eradication rates to peg-IFN and RBV than HCV-monoinfected subjects. This study will explore whether HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects have a lower response rate to a BOC/peg-IFN/RBV regimen than HCV-monoinfected subjects. Participants who have chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 monoinfection (N=50) or coinfection with HIV-1 (N=50), and who are na(SqrRoot) ve to IFN-based HCV treatment, will receive combination therapy with BOC (800 mg three times a day, every 7 to 9 hours, with food), weekly peg-IFN alpha-2b (1.5 mcg/kg/week) and twice daily RBV (weight based) for a maximum of 44 weeks, after a 4-week lead-in of peg-IFN and RBV. BOC received recent FDA approval for treating HCV monoinfection in combination with peg-IFN and RBV, and the approved labeling will be followed in this study. The primary endpoint is comparative efficacy in HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects. Secondary endpoints include determination of host predictors for therapeutic response, emergence of resistance biomarkers, and early viral kinetics. The findings from this study will aid in the understanding of whether HIV infection affects HCV antiviral and host responses to combination therapy using BOC/peg-IFN alfa-2b/RBV.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
To be eligible for participation on this protocol, a participant must satisfy all of the following conditions:
- Be greater than or equal to18 years old and have an identifiable primary care provider.
- Have documented chronic HCV infection by demonstration of a positive test for hepatitis C antibody and HCV RNA of 2,000 IU/mL or greater.
- Infected with HCV GT-1 virus.
- If coinfected, have either documentation of HIV-1 infection by licensed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed by a Western Blot or history of HIV RNA of 1,000 copies/mL or greater.
If coinfected, must meet one of the following prior to enrollment:
- If on a stable non-NNRTI or non-PI antiretroviral regimen that HAS NOT changed within the past 6 months, must have an HIV-1 VL of less than 400 copies/mL for at least 3 months; or
- If on a current antiretroviral regimen that HAS changed within the past 6 months, have an HIV-1 VL of less than 50 copies/mL for at least 3 months; or
- Be a long-term nonprogressor as documented in the medica record.
- Have histopathologic features consistent with chronic HCV infection at the time of enrollment. A liver biopsy within 3 years (36 calendar months) prior to screening may be used as the baseline biopsy. Participants can opt out of a liver biopsy if they had one more than 3 years prior and have a contraindication, such as receipt of chronic anticoagulation therapy. Participants with decompensated liver disease are excluded from the study.
- Are na(SqrRoot) ve to prior IFN-based treatment for HCV.
- Have CD4 cell counts greater than or equal to 100 cells/mm(3).
- Willing to have genetic testing.
- Not pregnant or breastfeeding. Serum pregnancy test must be negative at screening for female participants.
Agree not to become pregnant if a female of childbearing potential while on the study and for at least 6 months after stopping RBV. Because of the potential teratogenic effects of RBV treatment, subjects and their partners must remain abstinent or use two methods of birth control, which may be selected from the following list (oral contraceptive concentrations are decreased, and may not be effective when used during BOC treatment and, therefore, are not included in this list):
Surgical sterilization of either partner
Intrauterine device
Male or female condoms with or without a spermicide
Diaphragm, cervical cap, or sponge
- Male participants who are not documented to be sterile must agree to either abstain from intercourse or consistently use a condom while their female partner (if applicable) agrees to use one of the appropriate medically accepted methods of birth control listed above from the date of screening until 6 months after the last dose of RBV.
- Be able and willing to either learn to safely inject medication or find another person to inject the medication for him/her.
- Be willing to allow storage of blood or tissue samples for future research.
Co-enrollment Guidelines:
Participants may be enrolled in other NIH protocols as long as the amount of research blood drawn does not exceed the acceptable NIH guidelines and the protocol does not include other experimental therapies (including expanded access/compassionate use of HIV antiretrovirals).
A participant will be ineligible to participate on this study if any of the following criteria are met:
- Use of other experimental therapies (including expanded access/compassionate use of HIV antiretrovirals) within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer), prior to enrollment.
- Current use of an efavirenz-based (or other NNRTI) or protease inhibitor HIV antiretroviral regimen.
Use of any of the following medications within 6 weeks prior to enrollment.
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral )
Alprazolam (Xanax )
Atorvastatin (Lipitor )
AZT or zidovudine (Retrovir )
Carbamazepine (Tegretol )
Cisapride (Propulsid )
Colchicine (Colcrys ) - If patient has renal or hepatic impairment.
DDI or didanosine (Videx )
d4T or stavudine (Zerit )
Delaviridine (Rescriptor )
Digoxin (Lanoxin )
Drosperinone (Yaz )
Efavirenz (Sustiva )
Ergonovine (Ergotrate )
Ergotamine (Cafergot )
Etravirine (Intelence )
Ganciclovir (Cytovene )
Immunosuppressive therapy (including oral steroids)
---Use of any use of any immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic steroids (prednisone equivalent of greater than 10 mg/day) for a duration of 6 weeks or more within 6 months prior to enrollment. Use of inhaled/nasal steroids should be avoided.
Isoniazid or INH (Ingredient in Rifater )
Ketoconazole (Nizoral )
Lovastatin (Mevacor )
Methylergonovine (Methergine )
Midazolam given orally (Versed )
Nevirapine (Viramune )
Phenobarbital (Luminal )
Phenytoin (Dilantin )
Pimozide (Orap )
Pyrazinamide (Ingredient in Rifater )
Rifabutin (Mycobutin )
Rilpivirine (Edurant )
Sildenafil (Viagra ) - Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are prohibited when used for pulmonary hypertension
Simvistatin (Zocor )
St. Johns s Wort
Tadalafil (Cialis ) - Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are prohibited when used for pulmonary hypertension
Thalidomide (Thalomid )
Theophylline (Slo-Phylllin )
Triazolam (Halcion )
Vardenafil (Levitra ) - Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are prohibited when used for pulmonary hypertension
Warfarin (Coumadin )
Zalcitabine (Hivid )
There may be other brand names for these products listed above.
- Has ingested silymarin (milk thistle), s-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e), glycyrrhizin, Sho-saiko-to (SST), or other herbal supplements that may be either liver beneficial or toxic, within 28 days prior to enrollment.
- Mixed HCV genotypes (e.g., 1 & 2, 1 & 3, 1 & 4) (mixed genotype 1a/1b can be included).
- Has any other known, or clinically suspected, cause of liver disease, including active hepatitis B.
- For participants with cirrhosis, a Child Turcotte Pugh score greater than 7, or Child s B or C cirrhosis.
Certain abnormal hematological and biochemical parameters, including:
- Neutrophil count less than1000 cells/mm3
- Hemoglobin less than10g/dL
- Platelet count less than or equal to 50,000 cells/mm3
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate less than50 mL/min/1.73 m(2), calculated automatically by the NIH lab using the original MDRD (modification of diet in renal disease) study equation
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) greater than or equal to10 time ULN
- Prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio (PT-INR) less than2 and/or on chronic anticoagulation medications
- If total bilirubin is greater than 1.5 mg/dL, then direct bilirubin can be no more than 70% of the total, up to a direct bilirubin of 2.0 mg/dL.
- Alpha-fetoprotein less than20 ng/mL, unless an ultrasound, computerized tomography scan (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been performed to rule out hepatoma.
- Hepatic mass suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma as detected by ultrasound scan, dual-phase CT, or MRI.
- History of esophageal or gastric varices.
- Any neoplastic disease or any nonmetastatic skin, cervical, or anal cancer that has been resected in the past 5 years EXCEPT Kaposi s sarcoma not requiring systemic chemotherapy.
- Prior organ transplantation other than cornea or hair.
- Evidence of severe cardiac disease (greater than or equal to Grade 3 congestive cardiac failure, symptomatic coronary artery disease, significant arrhythmias, or uncontrolled hypertension) despite intervention or medical therapy.
- Evidence of severe chronic pulmonary disease with functional impairment.
- Severe psychiatric disorder that would interfere with adherence to protocol requirements, and that is not stably treated.
- Evidence of autoimmune disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, and optic neuritis.
- Evidence of an uncontrolled seizure disorder defined as more than 1 episode of generalized seizure within the past year.
- Chronic pancreatitis based on clinical history.
- History of severe retinopathy.
- History of hemophilia.
- Any hemoglobinopathy (e.g., Thalassemia, sickle cell disease).
- Active systemic infections other than HCV and HIV-1.
- Evidence of gastrointestinal malabsorption, chronic nausea, or vomiting.
- Has any systemic illness that will make it unlikely that the participant will be able to return for the required study visits.
- Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, contraindicates participation in this protocol.
Exclusion of Children:
Because there are insufficient data regarding the safety and efficacy of BOC, PEG, or RBV in the pediatric population, children are excluded from this study.
Exclusion of Women:
Pregnancy: Pregnant women are excluded from this study because the effects of BOC, PEG, and RBV on the developing human fetus are unknown. Preclinical animal data indicate that the use of RBV treatment during pregnancy is potentially teratogenic.
Breastfeeding: Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse effects in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with BOC, PEG, or RBV, breastfeeding women are excluded from this study.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01443923
United States, District of Columbia | |
Unity Health Care, Inc./DC General | |
Washington, DC, District of Columbia, United States, 20002 | |
United States, Maryland | |
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | |
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 |
Principal Investigator: | Shyamasundaran Kottilil, M.D. | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
Responsible Party: | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) ( National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) ) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01443923 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 110253, 11-I-0253 |
Study First Received: | September 29, 2011 |
Last Updated: | October 9, 2014 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):
Hepatitis Immunological Response Virological Response Resistance Mutations |
Viral Kinetics Hepatitis C HCV |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hepatitis Hepatitis A Digestive System Diseases Enterovirus Infections Hepatitis, Viral, Human Liver Diseases Picornaviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Virus Diseases Interferon-alpha Interferons |
Peginterferon alfa-2b Ribavirin Anti-Infective Agents Antimetabolites Antineoplastic Agents Antiviral Agents Immunologic Factors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Pharmacologic Actions Physiological Effects of Drugs Therapeutic Uses |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 05, 2015


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Metabolic Effects of Non-Thymidine Analogue Anti-HIV Medications
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- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of certain anti-HIV medications on mitochondrial activity and fat cell death. This study will enroll participants from another study, ACTG A5202, who are on treatment regimens that do not include zidovudine, stavudine, or other thymidine-containing anti-HIV medications.
Study Type: | Observational |
Study Design: | Observational Model: Cohort Time Perspective: Prospective |
Official Title: | Effects of Thymidine Sparing Regimens on Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipocyte Apoptosis |
Blood collection
Estimated Enrollment: | 60 |
Study Start Date: | April 2006 |
Study Completion Date: | December 2009 |
Primary Completion Date: | October 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
The main objective of this study is to observe the effects of anti-HIV medication lacking thymidine on mitochondrial metabolism and adipocyte apoptosis (fat cell death). Changes in mitochondrial metabolism and increases in adipocyte apoptosis are associated with lipoatrophy. Lipoatrophy is a common condition characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat and can be caused by many anti-HIV medications. This study will examine the metabolic consequences of the use of thymidine analogue-sparing treatment regimens.
This study will evaluate HIV infected patients who are enrolled in ACTG A5202, starting their first nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimen. This regimen will include either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) or abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC), which are thymidine-sparing regimens. The changes in mitochondrial activity and fat cell death will be compared between participants taking thymidine-sparing regimens (TDF/FTC or ABC/3TC) and thymidine-containing regimens.
This study will last for 96 weeks, with two study visits occurring at entry and another visit at Week 96. During each visit, a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and blood collection will occur, and a fat biopsy will be performed in the lower abdomen under local anesthetic.
Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Sampling Method: | Non-Probability Sample |
HIV-infected patients who are enrolled in ACTG A5202, starting their first nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimen
Inclusion Criteria:
- HIV-infected
- Enrolling in ACTG A5202 and its metabolic substudy ACTG A5224
Exclusion Criteria:
- Bleeding problems
- Cannot undergo fat biopsies
- Require aspirin anytime in the 7-day period prior to each biopsy
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00433992
United States, Ohio | |
Case School of Medicine | |
Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106 |
Principal Investigator: | Grace McComsey, MD | Case School of Medicine |
Additional Information:
No publications provided
Responsible Party: | Grace McComsey, MD, Case School of Medicine |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00433992 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 1R01AI065348-01A2, AI065348 |
Study First Received: | February 9, 2007 |
Last Updated: | February 22, 2010 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
Mitochondria Fat apoptosis Lipoatrophy |
Lipodystrophy Thymidine Treatment experienced |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on May 05, 2015


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Midwest Living Review
This is the kind of restaurant that looks appealing from the outside and is even better on the inside. It's located in an old building erected in the late 1800s, but its interior is open, sunny and cozy. The menu is organic and local, and the bottomless coffee makes it easy to be lazy and hang out for a while. That it's on the opposite side of the river from Main Street may be its biggest selling point. It's a close walk if you want to head to that area, but a lovely escape if you want to miss the crowds. Otto's offerings are fairly basic: breakfast all day long, sandwiches at lunch and lighter fare at night. Food is prepared to order, and with the kitchen open in the back, it's easy to see that there's nothing coming out of the freezer and going into the microwave. They don't go overboard on the choices; you'll find a couple of pancake options, a couple of French toast options, a handful of omelets, biscuits and gravy (a local favorite), as well as sandwiches such as chicken salad, ham and cheese, and hummus/roasted veggies, most served on pretzel rolls. We tried a cheddar, broccoli and bacon omelet ($7.25) with home-fried potatoes and an English muffin. Though we would have enjoyed sharper cheddar in the omelet, the potatoes were perfect: crunchy and flavorful, with just a touch of pepper. We'll be back to sample some of their evening dishes, including such interesting appetizer choices as the blue cheese plate served with candied almonds and a BHT plate (babaganoush, hummus and tabouli).