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If the current out-of-wedlock birth rate for African Americans is 73% and it was 23.6% in 1965, how was it "half what it is today" in 1965?
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If the current out-of-wedlock birth rate for African Americans is 73% and it was 23.6% in 1965, how was it "half what it is today" in 1965?
As a husband and father, I would say that helping people build the skills to be better spouses and parents is very valuable, but I don't see the societal interest in encouraging folks to get married. It's not like the ceremony or document really help much with the things that break up families, such as child-rearing stress, how the money gets spent, diverging interests, or interpersonal dynamics. It's not like there's a simple societal template for what a marriage should be anymore (e.g. woman runs house / man runs farm).
If the government wants to run progams helping people understand how they communicate, how they react under crisis, and what works/what doesn't -- especially early in relationships, when mutual infatuation still papers over the cracks -- then as long as it works, I'm all for it. But promotion of marriage? Humbug!
I think that "encourage marriage" is a verbal (and probably mental) shorthand for "encourage people to take responsibility for their actions." It makes the assumption that, since getting married entails accepting responsibility, encouraging marriage will encourage responsibility.
In reality, of course, causality runs the other way: those who are willing to accept responsibility get married; those who are not, don't.
True. And yet, being married and having kids also makes you grow up (or else run away from growing up).
It doesn't have to. Many people who accept various forms of responsibility, be it out of personal choice or responsibility foisted upon them by society or government, still carry within them a sense of childishness.
Good article on an important topic. Other studies worth the read for those who are interested:
State of Our Unions - http://www.stateofourunions.org/
Does Divorce Make People Happy - http://www.americanvalues.org/html/r-unhappy_ii.html
Government-subsidized condoms would appear to be a highly cost-effective way to handle this problem.
But not if the local population refuses to let their children be taught about birth control at all. "Ignorance is bliss" is an unfortunately widespread view.
Am I the only one who thinks that if you need some kind of seminar to think about and communicate with your partner, maybe he/she isn't the right one for you to spend your life with?
How long have you been married?
If it's more than 7 years, and you still think that, I salute you both.
Or maybe *you* aren't the right one for anyone to spend their life with. But if we can teach you how to be better, then maybe you can become the right one for someone...
Being a husband is something that is built in you character or not. Is like being a friend or a team player some people are good at it and some are not.
I should clarify: When I said "you" in my previous comment, it was intended to be generic, rather than a personal attack on YuppieScum.
Right, because no one ever had any form of learned behavior.
I see this much like 'leadership'. Most business schools teach a class on leadership. These classes cannot transform someone with zero leadership material into a good leader, in my opinion. They can, however, make a person who has some leadership skills into a marginally better leader.
Someone can, however, make themselves a better leader through attempting to understand the people they lead-- even if they have very little leadership ability.
Being a leader is not necessarily something that can be taught very well. But it is still something that can be learned.
You don't have all the answers. Being open minded to a different perspective, (even if it's within the context of a seminar) does not deprive you of options but can possibly be beneficial. I say give it a try, just like you would be when you rely on your loved ones (friends and family).
Why doesn't anyone ever bring up IQ in these articles on education marriage and income? It's clear that low IQ correlates with low education, low income and low marriage rates. It seems way more likely that this is the cause of those problems. Yet it's always ignored in favor of trying to treat the symptoms.
So much time is spent discussing these social ills but everyone ignores the obvious cause, human stupidity! Is it just because we like to pretend that the world can be fixed? Or is it because we have to be so PC that we have to deny the obvious? Maybe there would be nothing interesting left to write about?
If 2 people get married who have no control over themselves, are unable to be financially secure, and can't foresee the consequences of their actions, they are going to have problems. It's sad to say but times have changed, the menial jobs that used to support people with low IQ are gone, and unless we can find a way to bring them back or find something else for these people to do to live, there are going to be social problems.
I assume because it's not clear that low IQ correlates. In fact, I believe average IQ has been rising through the last century, however marriage rates have been falling during at least the second half of the last century. That seems more independent than correlated...
Low IQ does correlate with low socio-economic status, low education, and low marriage rates. It correlates stronger than parents socioeconomic status or upbringing, you're better off being born with a high IQ than to a rich family. The book "The Bell Curve" illustrates all of this and I have yet to see a good evidence based refutation of the book (I would like to see one if it exists.) Average IQ does appear to rise over the last century but no one seems to knows why. It may be something like tests are much more common now so people have learned to be better at tests in general, it doesn't necessarily imply that people are actually getting smarter.
Marriage isn't solely dependent on IQ, all things equal the high IQ couples would have a better chance of things. If you've ever had monetary problems while married you'll know the trouble that can cause. 50 years ago any schlub could get a decent job in a factory and have a gainful existence. That's just not true today. The good paying careers today are high IQ jobs or government/union/credential protected (usually both.)
Steven Pinker addresses this in the final chapter of The Better Angels of our Nature. From memory, there is quite a lot of research into the rising IQ thing, and it points to the fact that:
- IQs have risen, and quite a lot
- it's not because we're better at taking tests, or at least not in a crude way
- it's mostly in things like abstract and mathematical reasoning
Read the whole book though, it's fantastic.
Just a minor detail, if you are referring to the Evergreen State in Washington state, infamous for its liberal history, hippyish culture, and atypical education structure here, its officially college and not a university. (us alumni from the nearby "traditional" universities like to scoff for its lack of seriousness but I'm sure there are certainly professors there that are held in high regard in their fields).
You don't call Washington State "infamous." You call Kansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, and—oh, this is a big one—Texas infamous for their retrograde, theocratic, anti-democratic (lowercase democratic), bigoted cultures and tainted, embarrassing histories. Washington's liberal history and culture have not made it infamous in any respect. It stands as one of the most peaceful, prosperous, and—may I add—beautiful states in the nation and people know it.
Only in the impenetrable bubble that surrounds the Republican mindset does the rest of the world warmly admire and look up to U.S. conservatives, while reviling and ridiculing those nasty liberal Democrats (who, may I remind you, are still comfortably to the right of most mainstream "right-wing" parties in the rest of the world).
While we Washingtonians laugh at the students of Evergreen, we respect their professors.
" It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages. "
Friedrich Nietzsche
Some of the best advice my parents ever gave me: "Love is a wonderful thing. But when you go to get married, marry someone you like!"
LOL!! You are, of course, so right!! It is funny how this obvious criterion is often missed.
Harshly, friendship demands compatibility (not to be confused with "sameness") in each person's attitude toward matters outside of sleeping in the same bed. That is where some marriages encounter an un-navigatable course - two perfectly good people have grown intellectually and emotionally apart.
Lets set the expectations straight.
Marriage is a money loosing partnership to raise children.
Except when it isn't.
Every new married couple needs to receive a copy of "The Five Love Languages" by Gary D. Chapman. Even if you don't buy into the languages, there is a lot of help in that small book to help couples with their relationships and marriages. That would help decrease the divorce rate in this country.
There are many forces at play behind these shifting trends. The role of family has changed and with it the meaning of motherhood and fatherhood. The Game Theory behind having sex, giving birth, getting married or divorced is complicated by too many of the players making irrational decisions based on emotion, shallow ambition and peer pressure. The value of long term self-sacrifice is permanently gone. I don't think the institution of marriage can ever be restored to the traditional model of a stable couple producing and raising children together.
In my opinion, policy should focus on ensuring that the health and education of every child is at least adequate regardless of their parents choices.
Your comment about long-term sacrifice is very interesting. Whenever I have anything to say about marriage and having children I say "It's not just about me anymore". I suppose that in order to get married and maintain a marriage you do have to be able to commit and do so for the long-term and one has to have the ability to self-sacrifice, particularly with children but also with free time, putting down the toilet seat, not going to the restaurant you would prefer, etc. I believe I have seen studies before where one of the most substantial differences between poor and non-poor people is that the poor frequently lack an ability (if I remember right, often by virtue of being poor because so much energy, mental and otherwise, is expended just to survive) to see and plan for things long-term. I wonder if there are any studies that have determined the affects of being poor on marriage itself?
Everybody talks about personal liberty, personal fulfillment, individual rights, but one seldom hears about personal duties. We recognize our duties as employees (there is an explicit contract for that), but otherwise many would like to be free as birds. To build the social capital necessary to live in a stable society, we need to think about duties to our families, our neighborhoods and our countries.
The main reason for men to avoid marriage --- and children -- in most states in America is the hideous downside and obvious human rights abuses inflicted upon them if and when the wife/mother decides she is simply not happy.
Then America's overfed lawyers get involved and loot the assets of the family -- or the man if he is not married, a judge issues an out-sized economic order against the man, typically (i) making him pay most or all of the woman's legal fees, and (ii) demanding he must produce and deliver an enormous amount of money to the wife/mother for decades, against the threat of imprisonment if he dare stumble in his labors, while denying him contact with his children, instead insulting him by giving him offensively labeled "visitation" rights. All of the foregoing guarantees that he will have to hire lawyers again and again any time his ex's lawyer "advises" her that she should drag him into court again for any whimsical reason which her lawyer cooks up -- typically occurring in periods when he is short of billable hours.
This is a rigged game in America -- rigged against economically productive males. It is designed to fill the pockets of an extremely incompetent and unskilled group of lawyers who oxymoronically call themselves "family" lawyers. A group who are typically incestuously connected to the local judiciaries and legislative bodies to insure their abilities to loot families.
America's family court system -- controlled at the local level by judges/legislators who are controlled by the private lawyers who profit from this system -- is one of the worst human rights abusers in the free world.
But by wrapping themselves in their official noble motive of "protecting" women and children, they get away with large-scale larceny against males, a clear and unlawful slave trade in males, denial of men their human rights to family, and denial of children their human rights to their fathers.
This is one of the dirtiest and most unlawful things going on in the civil courts of America. But dressed up the way it is, with tons of faux noble motive, against a backdrop of a national electorate which is 53% female, the human rights abuses of males go on and on.
The net result? Men opting out of marriage and childbearing in record numbers, and record numbers of women "going it alone" by taking the steps to get pregnant which range from disrespectful of the man's position, to outright fraud -- and even theft of male DNA.
Are there cases where men (and women) desert their children? Yes there are. Are there cases where men (and women) behave horribly towards their partners and/or children? Yes there are.
However, these numbers are tiny compared to the numbers of cases of rights-abused, good and decent people who have the misfortune of being male, to whom the above post applies.
America will not solve its fertility crisis until it pries families from the greedy paws of its "family" (sic) lawyers, and the judges and legislators who help to feed these lawyers.
However, these numbers [of men/women deserting or otherwise behaving horribly towards their partners and children] are tiny compared to the numbers of cases of rights-abused, good and decent people who have the misfortune of being male, to whom the above post applies.
Got a reference to support that?
Do you have a reference to support a contrary view? My database includes a large number of employees and friends, both male and female, located in America, projecting to a sample size which is considerably more than large enough to support the assertions in the above post. The lack of transparency in your country's corrupt courts, including in particular the lawyers-looting-families aspect, is noteworthy in its own regard. The transactions costs inflicted upon those who attempt to right wrong judgments is also noteworthy. The cases of judicial bribe-taking (those rare ones where judges are caught, prosecuted and publicized) are similarly noteworthy, as is the research published in the Yale Law Journal estimating over 1 million bribe transactions per year in the judicial branch of government in your country, which by definition, is overwhelmingly a state/local phenomenon.
Well said. You sound a little angry but I definitely share it. I hope my 16 year old son heard it when a 35 year old acquaintance of mine said he wasn't getting married. All of his buddies were divorced and paying child support. He said there was no need to go down that path.
"This is a rigged game in America -- rigged against economically productive males."
I'd politely suggest that if a man is bright enough to be economically-productive -
He's bright enough to wear a condom.
You have a chicken/egg problem here. You state, "The net result? Men opting out of marriage and childbearing in record numbers, and record numbers of women "going it alone" by taking the steps to get pregnant which range from disrespectful of the man's position, to outright fraud -- and even theft of male DNA."
Is that because of the current legal regime? Or is the regime in place because of the current situation? As someone who has worked in financial services for over a decade now, I can also call upon substantial anecdotal evidence of males coming in and attempting to dodge giving any type of support to their children. Two very good friends of mine had to overcome extremely difficult childhoods due to the fact that their fathers had dozens of children each with nearly as many women, supporting none of them.
And your logic is that if he is not or does not -- or is foolish enough to trust her representations about her birth control, for example -- she has the "choice" while he gets the economic responsibility for her choice?
That is the "logic" which is killing off marriage and the fertility rate in your country.
You might wish to consider whether you believe that (i) American lawyers are any less greedy than American bankers, and (ii) whether lawyers would be at least as skillful at rigging economic opportunities in their favor as are your bankers at manipulating legislation in their favor?
American lawyers are not representing families or protecting women or children, they are representing their own greed and protecting their rights to steal from families, with abundant assistance from legislators and judiciaries.
The "rights" of women and children are simply the sheepskin these wolves are wearing while they American loot families, and asset-strip and enslave American males at very considerable profit to the wolves.
Agree, and agree.
I have a family member thrown into jail for a week for lack of child support.
He's still behind in his payments. However, it hasn't kept him from renting a nice condo with a beach view...
My reference is the same as yours, apparently. Except that in my sample of acquaintances and friends suggests the contrary -- that there are far more men who got deservedly held up for child support than men who got undeservedly taken to the cleaners. (Not to mention the men who got "stuck with child support," but mostly do not get around to actually paying it -- and not due to economic inability to do so.)
I was just hoping that you had an actual reference to ther relative sizes of the two populations. So we don't default to the (relatively) small, and definitely non-random, sample of people that we happen to know.
Okay, you don't like American lawyers. I get it.
However, coming back to the subject at hand -
If you make a child, you have a responsibility to that child.
And, if you don't want that responsibility, don't make one.
You may be right that the legal profession is full of crooks and men are victims of the system but that does not translate into the legal system causing men not to marry. I just don't believe that poor young men are not getting married because lawyers are crooks. Poor people, male or female, do not go to lawyers to have their rights respected – they can't afford it. In fact, the opposite should be true – they would get married and stay married just to avoid being victimized and/or impoverished by the system. Besides, why would lawyers target the least able to pay as clients?
Your argument may be true for a small subset of unmarried men but it doesn't explain the phenomenon on a societal basis.
Joe the Elitist,
The fact that poor people cannot afford lawyers does not mean that the system is not constructed to enable lawyers to loot families and enslave males at a big profit.
Your system is definitely constructed and operated to serve the profit motives of America's lawyers. This has certain implications for the "application" of the law:
(1) men must almost always lose
(2) women must almost always win
(3) men must face harsh consequences, including jail, asset stripping, and payments which have no empirical grounding as to their magnitudes.
What is the basis for these 3 implications and how they support the greed-driven enterprise described? Very simple:
- if women lost 1/2 the time, and suffered the types of judgments put on the heads of American men, they would absolutely stop filing court actions, stop having children without a man's consent, and America's dirty family court industry would completely collapse
- if the consequences against men were not extremely harsh, they would not feel forced to pay an expensive attorney (if they have the funds), which would reduce the economic pie enjoyed by American "family" attorneys very considerably
The fact that people at the bottom of the economic pyramid cannot afford attorneys does NOT mean that the game and its outcomes are not rigged to serve the fee-greed of attorneys.
Not also in your country how many family court judges will, after their term expires, go back into private practice with the very same attorneys who appear before them. A grotesque conflict of interest.
I don't disagree that the deck is stacked against men in family court but I don't follow the logic that this is the reason for the fertility crisis nor of men not getting married.
Other articles in TE and elsewhere have carefully detailed that the 'marriage problem' in the US is largely that people from lower socio-economic classes are not getting married and when they do they are not staying married whereas people from higher socio-economic classes are marrying each other in greater numbers and then staying married. If there were such a clear connection between unfair family law and people not getting married would those with the most to lose (ie those in higher socio-economic groups) also not be those who get married the least not to mention that they would probably be the best situated to understand how the deck is stacked against them and (again) be less likely to get married??
And we wonder why social services are strained.
You should ask a demographic cross-section of males in their 20s and 30s in America what they perceive as the upside and downside of marriage, and of having a child out in or out of wedlock. The impacts of your rigged family courts are negative on marriage up and down the socioeconomic ladder. It is the impact at the margin at each socioeconomic level which should be examined to confirm the effects of a rigged, morally corrupt and human rights violating family court system.
The fact that marriage rates may be higher, and divorce rates lower, at higher socioeconomic levels, does not prove at all that marriage and fertility rates would not be considerably higher at those same levels were the courts less of a corrupt enterprise.
Also the notion that those (men) with the "most to lose" would avoid marriage is not correct. Those with very considerable wealth have more to lose in cash terms, but they are considerably less likely to wind up suffering the worst that your corrupt courts dish out -- being thrown in prison due to their poverty and inability to pay ordered sums after a divorce or breakup.
The people who are MOST likely to wind up in prison are those whose incomes are the lowest. There was a case reported in America of a fellow who your courts ordered to pay "support" for a child which was not even his -- a fact known to the court -- and your courts still threw him in jail for a year due to his becoming impoverished and not being able to pay the court's order. He was reportedly living in his car during some of the time before being jailed.
The cruelties which your courts inflict upon males is so unconscionable as to defy description. Unemployed men are routinely thrown in jail for the crime of not having any money. Poor men are treated like dirt. Your courts dishonestly presume that a male with no money actually has money but is "hiding" it. This is an obscene lie in your country where it is impossible for anyone to get a paycheck without endless electronic trails being generated. As if every penniless male in America is getting paid cash under the table, so to speak and hiding it. Please. Your family courts are an extremely corrupt enterprise, and they are a very large scale violator of human rights laws.
The sample referenced in my post of people in America is not (relatively) small, and it is not non-random -- the number is quite large, well randomized and cuts across a wide demographic range and multiple geographic regions.
One can always find anecdotal counterexamples to any point. There are bad men, bad women, and some judgments which are fair and reasonable but ignored by the individual lucky enough to receive a fair judgment. That said, all you need to do is ask a large sample of American males to share their views on the subject with you. What you will learn is that the vast majority are extremely fearful, and rationally so, of what would happen to them if a wife/mother dragged them into court. They all know the score now in America, and that is why young males are avoiding marriage and children like the plague. The sad part is, that the opportunity for a safe and fair choice in favor of marriage and children is being stolen from men and women for no good reason -- it is stolen by a greed-driven and corrupt legal profession, comprised of the bottom-of-the-barrel of American attorneys who obviously could not make it in the more professional realm of corporate litigation for example.
Men don't like to admit being afraid of something. But the discernible truth is that a vast percentage of American men are quite afraid of the consequences of a failed marriage or breakup with an unmarried mother. Having seen the brutality which your your courts have inflicted upon a number of completely good and absolutely innocent male employees of mine in America, the conclusion is inescapable. Your courts are rigged, period.
American men will continue to avoid marriage and children due to the cruelty and injustices which they fear being inflicted upon them by courts which are obviously working complicitly for private, money-lusting lawyers. Until men are made truly safe in marriage and as parents, your fertility rate will continue to slide ever downwards at all demographic levels.
Kemp -- Again, I don't disagree that family courts are not generally man-friendly nor that 'family' lawyers tend to be anything, but, but, from my own anecdotal experiences the reason why male friends have not gotten married has been much more that they either have not found anyone they want to marry and/or they say they don't want to change their lifestyle to fit marriage much less children. Perhaps you interact with different people than I do but people I know have gotten married for the most irrational of reasons (love, for the most part) and they have not gotten married for the same sorts of reasons (lack of love, selfishness, laziness and others). I don't remember off-hand ever knowing anyone who really rationalized the decision in the manner you note. Those were the kinds of calculations kings and queens in the past did when they married off their kids to royalty of other countries. If you could point to some studies that detail how a man-unfriendly legal system is a significant cause, and not just correlated with, changes in marriage patterns I would be happy to have crow for breakfast, lunch, and dinner tomorrow.
I confess don't see how the set of people you know in America is even maybe not non-random. Nor how it is even possibly large enough to be a meaningful statistical sample of the population.
Have you actually done a sociological study of the subject (and perhaps not yet published your results)? Because otherwise, I don't see how your "database" is any different from anybody else's collection of anecdotal evidence. Or is there some other way you think you have a serious enough sample to get special consideration? (And is it the kind of database that someone else could gert a look at?)
Kemp -- just out of curiosity, would you mind sharing your current country of residence? You keep saying "your" country as if you do not live in the US. If so, where in the world do you get all your information about corrupt legal practices and systems in the US? I don't believe these sorts of things are widely published.
As one over-trained in applied statistics, my sense of sample sizes, appropriate randomization dimensions (in this case geography, income and education level) likely tends towards a more conservative approach in drawing conclusions, and as such, these conclusions are drawn with considerable care as to those issues.
If one employs enough people in America over a long enough period of time, one can easily come to these same conclusions. What your courts do to males is unconscionable in the extreme.
The Yale Law Journal is a good source. Your own press -- like the reports of judges in your state Pennsylvania who sent children to a for-profit, private prison in exchange for millions of dollars in bribes over a period of many years. That for-profit private prison was reportedly owned, coincidentally, by a lawyer who is the son of a one of that same state's Supreme Court judges. Hollywood couldn't even make up such stuff if it tried.
The state and local courts in many regions of America are horribly corrupt. That is the sad truth. Until Americans wake up to that fact and face down the corruption in their courts, such ill-effects as dropping fertility rates will continue unabated.
P.S. to jouris,
There is another statistical sample piling up as we write to each other here -- the number of people who are clicking the "Recommend" button adjacent to my original post. Apparently some people find resonance with the observations and argument presented. Not sure how random this sample might be, but it seems to be voting rather strongly.
Kemp -- I apologize if I seem to be nagging you, but could you post a link of an (preferably several) academic study (even if it's in the Yale Law Journal) of some of these things? I really don't want to go to the popular press as you suggest for evidence of any sort other than that the popular press tends to sensationalize many things. I think elsewhere you mentioned that you have an over-training in applied statistics. I would have thought you would have avoided the pitfall of generalizing from the particular in the case of the judge in Pennsylvania. Lastly, the number of recommends on this forum unfortunately does nothing to buttress the validity of any argument posted. They generally have to stand on their own.
You are incorrect that I generalized from a particular case in Pennsylvania or fell prey to any such pitfall. I simply offered it as an example. The use of one example in a blog post does not imply that one does not have others does it? One would hope not, otherwise the use of examples should be banned in the Economist.
Do you truly believe that America's state and local courts are not teeming with corruption? You might read about the FBI's Operation Greylord in your city Chicago. People don't like to think that their justice system is corrupt, but the evidence is overwhelming that America's is extremely corrupt. Here is a link to an article in the Yale Law Journal which builds a statistically well grounded estimate of over 1 million bribe transactions per year in the U.S. Judicial system:
Regarding the popular press, yes it does sensationalize some things, and it also suppresses some things. For example, you will very rarely if ever see in the popular press in America writings which might offend women on any level. Why? Because the popular press is funded by advertisers who will pull their ads as soon as this group is offended. Why? Because the vast majority of advertising in America is targeted at women. There is another reason as well.
What you might wish to ponder is this fact: consumer product companies, real estate companies, auto companies, banks, and just about every company in America which sells anything to people, ALL BENEFIT FROM BROKEN FAMILIES. How could this be? Very simple. A broken up family means companies sell more cars, flats, televisions, financial services, furniture, etc., etc., etc. At least in the short to intermediate run, which is as far in the future as American CEOs care to consider. In the long run they are retired at the beach with their cashed in stock options -- and America has no next generation of native born citizens.
Yes, American companies benefit from families NOT staying together. They get to sell you more of everything. This is why you will not see the popular press in America giving honest, critical treatment of this subject. They dance around the subject. Their advertisers call the shots. Take it from someone whose businesses spend millions on advertising in America. The American media are money-driven, not truth-driven.
Your link to the Yale Law Journal article didn't work so I looked it up. The first sentence of the abstract says "Recent surveys and events indicate that judicial corruption could be a significant problem in the United States."
I point out that this is a single study where the authors take the infinitely strong stance of saying "Could" and offer nothing more than a statistical model (which we all know are very accurate based on their predictions of the Great Recession). There is no evidence in the article at all. Besides, this is simply an article about possible corruption in the legal system. There is nothing whatsoever about a connection between corruption in the legal system, how the legal system is biased against males or how any of that might possibly have any effect at all on marriage and birth rates. Besides, birth rates have fallen all over the world, not just the US. Are all countries suffering from the same bias against men malaise?
As to the rest of your accusations, I don't necessarily disagree with parts of it, but until I see some real evidence I will leave that in the parking lot parked between the black helicopters and the flying saucer.
This is nonsense. I clerked at a law firm specializing in family law and I know my states law in this area quite well. Mr. Kemp touches on the truth at times, but only very briefly before heading off in the direction of fantasy. I am not going to go into it point by point, but what I am going to do is share a few facts about the divorce process (at least as it operates in my state). Also, I do hope that any who read Mr. Kemp's comment and "recommended" it take the time to read what I right here.
1. Firstly, marital assets are divided. But hold on because you probably don't know what marital assets are. Marital assets are only those assets which have been acquired by a spouse with other marital assets or with assets derived by one of the spouses during the marriage. In other words, the money you earned during the marriage and put into a bank account is marital property, while the money that was sitting in your bank account prior to the marriage is NOT. Inheritances are not marital property. The value of passive appreciation of assets acquired prior to the marriage is not marital property. So if you walk into a marriage with $100,000 in various investments (and, of course, can prove that you owned these investments prior to the marriage) your spouse will get NONE OF IT in the divorce. (And remember, anyone with significantly higher earning power than their prospective spouse is a fool not to make an antenuptial agreement.)
2. Spousal support is calculated next. Spousal support is almost never permanent. Permanent spousal support orders only arise in instances of very long marriages (~30 years) and where the receiving spouse has virtually no earning power because he or she (but really she) was a home maker spouse for a significant part of the marriage. The purpose of spousal support is to help the receiving spouse maintain a similar standard of life to what he or she maintained during the marriage for a reasonable time until he or she can create that standard his or herself, acclimate to a lesser standard, find a new spouse. Bear in mind, however, that there will be no spousal support if the two parties had similar incomes during the marriage. Spousal support is only appropriate when the two incomes are widely disparate. Further, spousal support, once awarded for a period of time, can be cancelled. Grounds for the cancellation of spousal support are death, remarriage, or cohabitation. Therefore, a spouse receiving spousal support who cohabits with a new boyfriend will loose all remaining spousal support. If that person is proven to have been cohabiting then he or she will have to give up the spousal support payments that were made since the beginning of the cohabitation EVEN IF that cohabitation has ended.
3. Allocation of parental rights and responsibilities is next. Unless the parties agree to some other schedule, the basic plan is that the more readily available parent has parenting time with the children during the week while the other parent has parenting time during the weekend. This plan is often altered by the parties to better fit their schedules. Sometimes you will see one parent take Sunday to Tuesday with the other taking Wednesday to Saturday, and then switch in the next week. When the basic plan (one parent during the week, another during the weekend) is used, the parent with parenting time on the weekend is given some number of weeks of parenting time which are typically used during the summer (i.e. kid's school vacation). The purpose of these weeks is to try and balance out the parenting time. Of course, some parents really don't want that much parenting time and so will take less.
4. Child support is determined using a method that takes into account the total gross income of both parents and calculating what percentage of that income will be spend on supporting the child. Each parent is then responsible for his or her relative part of that percentage (i.e. given his or her income) adjusted for the amount of parenting time that parent has. So the parent with a greater income will have to pay child support to the parent with lesser income until the child finishes high school. Yet, because parenting time is involved in the calculation, a parent who pays child support will pay less the more parenting time he or she has. Also, monthly child support payments can be reduced by having the paying spouse pay for specific child needs (examples include health insurance, private school, activity fees, and so on). Importantly, child support can be modified if either parent or the child encounters a significant change of circumstances. For example if the paying spouse loses his job, then his payments can be reduced. Or, if he gets a job with a much higher income his payments can be increased. Also, if the child becomes disabled, this can result in higher payments.
There is nothing fun about a divorce, but these are the four key elements to be resolved in one and they are fair.
Of course, the gender skew of the Economist's readership might be a factor in the relative number of recommends....
Worth noting as well is that the legal fees of one spouse in a divorce are only paid by the other spouse if there is some sort of disparity in ability to pay for legal services. The point of this rule is that the law does not wish to have one spouse (for example, a homemaker spouse with no assets of her own) to be unable to retain counsel while the other spouse (for example, a spouse with a high paying job) to be able to hire some $400/hour heavy hitter. Where two spouses earn similar incomes, neither will have to pay for the other's legal fees.
"As one over-trained in applied statistics, my sense of sample sizes, appropriate randomization dimensions (in this case geography, income and education level) likely tends towards a more conservative approach in drawing conclusions, and as such, these conclusions are drawn with considerable care as to those issues."
In other words, you're bullshitting.
"Human rights abuses?" "Slave trade?" In a world with genocide, murder, rape, torture, imprisonment, mutilation, you DARE to throw around the term "human rights abuses" when referring to an occasional (majority of the time? doubtful. how about some FACTS here?) unfair treatment of members of America's most privileged class.
"Misfortune" of being male? If by that you mean work less earn more, if by that you mean that some (not at all the majority, but not a small number) will abuse from their partners but won't have to suffer abuse nor fear it, I am so sorry for that misfortune. What a bummer. I am shedding such tears here for you.
Are there cases where men are treated unfairly in family (no quotes, no sic) court, where they pay too much, where they are unfairly denied access to their children, where good men get a bad outcome? Absolutely. Every system will have its bad outcomes; that's not excusable, though it is inevitable. This is hardly enough to cry "human rights violation". You only need to look at the statistics of violence against women & children (yes, i said STATISTICS! must be a scary word for you, i know) to see that the vast majority of abuse is committed by males, not against them.
Go spend some time in The Congo and then tell me again about the "human rights violations" by the courts against American males.
Read through some of the legislative actions - family law is a cesspool.
Men are wise to avoid marriage.
Divorce rates are not as high as the statistics suggest. People who get divorces are more likely to re-marry and divorce gain. It is these "serial divorcees" that skew the statistics. Most who get married stay married.
While serial divorces may inflate the rate, remarriages and measurement at one point in time cause the share of children who may expect to have their two biological children to be with the throughout childhood to be overstated.
Less than half of all children under 18 lived with both their biological or original adoptive parents at a static point as measured in this study.
Throw in some divorces for those who were in such familes at that time, before they reach age 18, and perhaps you get down to or below 40.0%.
Edit: I apologize for any confusion. The word "gain" in the second sentence should be "again."
Your tax dollars at waste.
I wonder how much Boston Snowden and others get paid, what about a pension?
The Oklahoma DHS has dedicated significant Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds toward the work of the OMI to strengthen marriages and increase child well-being.
That means roughly one in every 12.5 couples who enroll in Oklahoma's BSF program can be expected to stay together when otherwise they would have split up. That may be a small number, but to the couples' children, it is hugely significant.
Sounds like Oklahoma's version of The Jerry Springer Show.
Slowly it is sinking in... Women's equality is incompatible with social equality and racial equality
Social equality means one good job per family... Women's equality means two for lucky families, and zilch for the out-of-luck
Racial equality means black men the equals of white men, and black women the equals of white women... Women's equality means white women the equals of white men
If we want worthwhile lives, decent children, good homes, good marriages, we have to rethink the idea of women's equality
We have to focus on the natural equality of men as breadwinners, and women as homemakers
We have to choose between unitary marriages and working couples... This last forty years, we have promoted working couples while leaving single-income couples to fend for themselves... It should be the other way around... We should be promoting unitary marriages with a homemaker allowance say, while treating working couples as socially undesirable
What's the problem?
And yet, those places where women's equality is most highly regarded also tend to have the lowest rates of out-of-wedlock births and single-parent families.
Correlation doesn't show causation. But negative corelation pretty much lets out causation -- that is, if you thinkk something causes an increase in something, but what you find is a decrease, then it is not a cause.
There is no 'natural equality' in men being breadwinners and women being homemakers. While men and women have been conditioned to act within arbitrary gender roles, women are just as capable as men in any job that does not require physical labor. And in this day and age, that encompasses the vast majority of jobs. If anything, having women in the workplace along side men is hugely beneficial because men and women bring different perspectives to problems.
Rather than turning back the clock on gender equality, we need to push through this grey area where women are still not equal to men. By making the workplace more flexible for working women, our society can reap huge benefits. Speaking as man raised in a two parent, two income family, I am better off for my mother having worked her whole life--and I dare say that you have as well.
There might be a good point in there, but it got lost. Stay-at-home Dad is just as valid as stay-at-home Mom.
To what extent are two income couples are a societal problem? If most two income couples dropped to one working parent (male or female), there would be more jobs available for the currently unemployed/under-employed, and the kids would be raised better. There would also be more incentive to be married. Except people aren't avoiding marriage because of a lack of incentives, they avoid it because of a lack of real partners. Too many people aren't worth marrying (or much of anything else).
While I 99% agree with you, Minarchist, I must point out that in the modern day, it's almost mandatory to have two incomes unless one partner makes six figures, and that this places huge stresses on young families. Once work and kids are satisfied, there's not a lot of time/energy left for the relationship.
We're never going back to the old fixed-gender-role thing, nor should we. But it's fair to acknowledge the price of the two-income standard.
As a matter of biological fact, clive's idea is not without scientific basis. As the parent with breasts, the woman is biologically (far) more fit to raise children. And don't BS me with talk of pumps and formula. They are substitutes, depend on sterile technique and have been around for less than a century. Prior to that, the average woman may have hosted a dozen pregnancies and nursed 8 children during her prime years. And since infants don't travel easily, that meant women were largely confined to the 'home' for 99.9% of human history. This is not chauvinism, it is merely biology.
As the parent with balls, the man is biologically more inclined to take risks and undertake ventures. Presumably, the first individual humans to walk out of Africa, to cross the Bering Straight, to reach Australia were men. Men are also more inclined to start wars, suffer accidents and be jackasses and sociopaths but biologically speaking, men are reproductively redundant anyways.
None of this preordains a biological division of labor in a modern economy, and I see no need for government policy that encourages moms to stay at home. But it does provide a biological basis for such divisions to occur more often than not in the traditional pattern. As a parent who has collected, frozen, thawed, warmed, fumbled, served, discarded, wiped, burped and washed countless bottles of milk, I know how much easier it is to simply lift a blouse when baby needs a snack. And seeing how well this works, I also know why the word most babies utter first is 'mama'.
So IF a family is to send just one parent out to bring home the bacon, all other things being equal it might as well be the one whose nipples are purely decorative, just as mother nature intended. In short, we are mammals. It doesn't hurt to remember that.
pun.gent wrote "it's almost mandatory to have two incomes unless one partner makes six figures"
No, it isn't. If people simply moderate their choices in housing, cars and luxuries, you can live quite well with a family on $50,000 a year.
Well, fair enough, though it really depends on where you live. But if you're saying that frugality goes a long way, and is somewhat of an underappreciated art... fair point.
Nice comeback.
And a lot of that is not biological, but sociological.
What tickles me is that the highest divorce rates are in Oklahoma and the rest of the Bible Belt, while the Devil's Playground, Massachusetts, usually has the lowest.
Being Catholic, over-educated and rich has its advantages when it comes to marriage in a state.
Next time you are in a large Southern city, pick up a yellow pages...
Check how many pages are devoted to "Escort Services."
The best explnation I have seen is that there are two different cultures at play. One (common in the Bible Belt, but not exclusive to it) comes down to "families make marriages." The other (common is Massachusettes, but also across much of the rest of the wealthier parts of the country) comes down to "marraiges make families."
In the latter culture, it is considered irresponsible (or bad form, or socially unacceptable, or whatever gloss you want to put on it) to get pregnant before getting married. So the number of out-of-wedlock births is lower. Young people (in particular) are taught quite firmly that, while having sex outside marriage is OK, doing so without birth control is not.
In the "families make marriages" culture, the expectation is that, if you get pregnant, you get married. If the first child arrives in only 3-4 months, well nobody thinks that noteworthy. It also objects (about as successfully as anyone with a knowledge of biology might expect) to sex outside of marriage. And, for that reason, objects to birth control (or even much knowledge of it) for the unmarried. But now, the stigma attached to getting the girl pregnant but not marrying her has fallen away. As a result, the number of never-married parents has gone up.
The only group with divorce rates as low as the Catholics?
Atheists.-----(One study put Lutherans at the same level)
Worst offenders?
Born again Christians.
Let's face it, godlessness and liberal politics go along with better, more moral living, higher education and only moderately higher smugness.
:0 And here I thought you were an innocent!
Probably the same phenomena as this:http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=06e_1336330535&comments=1
interesting yes, but unless you specify your sources your comment is unhelpful conjecture..
But isn't that a causative effect of how early the respective groups tend to marry?
I like this issue and its complexity, and think this article is well-written and argued.
One aspect that was missed in this article is that money is not the only currency that a marriage (or poverty) relies on. More emphasis should be placed on analyzing psychology of marriage and stable families. For instance, what happens to children with married, but constantly fighting parents? How do these children fare in the educational and psychological success indicators? How does social class play into this, or long-term unmarried-but-monogamous relationships affect these findings?
Another aspect that needs more analysis, but was touched on in this article, is the nature of correlations. The research cited in this article notes that groups with high marriage rates have higher affluence. What is often left unsaid in these cases is that marriage may cause affluence, affluence may cause marriage, or there may be some characteristic that causes both affluence and marriage. All three of these possibilities result in high marriage rates and affluence coinciding. More emphasis needs to be placed that the answer to child success may lie in more than just poverty, and that will affect the required solutions.
To me it seems extremely likely that marriage has no causal link with affluence, in either direction. General personal characteristics of responsibility, patience and hard work likely cause BOTH sustained marriage and economic success. I feel like attempts to promote marriage are putting the cart before the horse. Promote personal behaviors and positive characteristics directly, and that should yield various positives, including more healthy marriages.
PS Good comment DutchImport86.
I concur with every point you bring up. So true.
What you said is so true again, in my view.
Cart before the horse is definitely what these programs are doing. When a person can hardly manage the "self", emotionally, psychologically, financially, what does he/she have to offer a union of two where the other may, heaven forbid, be "similarly situated"?
A union of two is a pooling of resources from which both, ideally, are at liberty to draw. There is little or nothing to draw from if the resources are at deficit. A most extreme example is a home where domestic violence happens.
"Self" in this sense is where all the good and bad begins.
The reason why I doubt this is that marriage is likely one of those positive behaviors. It is the sine qua non long term commitment and lends itself naturally to greater long term planning. It leads often to children which encourages altruism and subjugation of the self to a greater good. It encourages team work between the two spouses and provides a much cushier form of unemployment insurance than the general population.
On top of this there is a lot of data showing that never marrieds and divorced women and men are much more likely to descend the wealth ladder. Having met many divorced people of my own class, education and ethnic background who seem very similar to me, whom I suspect are largely just unlucky in love but also have suffered economically, I am inclined to view the link as causative rather than correlative.
I don't think we will ever get a prospective study to definitively answer the question. Perhaps the american experience of slavery serves as a flawed natural experiment where several generations were deprived of the benefits of marriage (along with a lot more, obviously) and you see lasting economic damage from that. Obviously reaching here in terms of scientific rigor but food for thought.
There is, of course, truth in what you said re altruism and deference to the integrity of the family unit when children are born. A lot of emotional maturing of the two individuals in a marriage takes place in this stage of the marriage. And a lot of joy goes with the maturation. Some time ago, TE (I believe it was a DiA piece) ran an article about a level of human experience worthy of being handed down that has to do with bringing into the world a new human being and the task of raising this new human being. I fully agree with that observation, plus the sentiment.
On a different note, there was the story of a pair of great- grandparents in thier nineties showing up in a lawyer's office asking to file the legal papers for a divorce. The lawyer was nonplussed. "Why?" he asked. "Finally, the last of our grand- and great-grand children are dead." It was a true story. Also food for thought.
I consider the author's use of the expression 'illegitimate births' quite wrong. Sure he tired of using out-of-wedlock and wanted a synonym but illegitimate?, last time I checked the calendar is was definitely not the middle of the 20th century.
Just want to add that I don't consider myself part of the politically correct bunch.
There is nothing politically incorrect about "illegitimate." It is a neutral formulation. "Out-of-wedlock" is the hypersensitive formulation and "bastard" is politically incorrect.
Myself, I like 'illegitimate births.'
Because that makes Sarah Palin an illegitimate grandmother!
Perhaps its time to drop the word "marriage" and replace it with "contract"?
Then it would be "out-of-contract" births. Quite a mouthful, so perhaps the phrase will be dropped altogether and we shall all be better off for it :)
I object to all those illegitimate children hogging the term bastard, which I prefer to fling around at a larger group, occasionally including myself. Selfish crumb snatching little bastards.
I'm interested in the definition of "success" of the OMI.
And what significant analysis of the participating demographic contrasted with a random sampling of Oklahomans shows?
In short, I suspect that the "success" is due largely to the participants commitment to making their marriages work, as evidenced by their participation in a program which helps them make their marriages work.
State Marriage rates will go up abruptly in 2013 for one reason:
Legalization of Gay Marriages.
Of course a side effect is it will also lead to many more Gay Divorces.
And each party will be worse off, more unhappy, and poorer--except for the lawyer.
Hetero or Homosexual, Marriage can be both a blessing and a curse.
Be careful of what you wish for...for you might get it.
Perhaps, but there's not likely to be any notably larger amount of homosexual divorces as a percent of total homosexual marriages than heterosexual divorces as a percent of total heterosexual marriages.
"Perhaps, but there's not likely to be any notably larger amount of homosexual divorces as a percent of total homosexual marriages"
More than half of all heterosexual marriages end in divorce
=> those are pretty low standards.
And pretty crappy odds.
You have better odds signing up to fight the Taliban in the worst combat zone of the last decade.
More Marriages lead to More Divorces.
More than half of all heterosexual marriages end in divorce
The rest end in death.
Rising out-of-wedlock births in the US are linked to the increasing ability of women to have control over their lives, support themselves, have access to credit, etc., while remaining single.
In other words, becoming pregnant doesn't mean one has to marry the guy if you don't want to, unlike in decades past.
So, rather than moralizing to unmarried moms, the US needs to adjust its educational system to help ensure that children in single-parent families are successful in the marketplace.
One key opportunity is expanded early-childhood education (Head Start), etc.
And yet, we see a correlation between places where there are more out-of-wedlock births and places where the culture discourages equal rights for women.
But I agree that moralizing, in the usual sense, is not the solution. What we need is a campaign which makes it un-cool (or whatever the current phrase is) to get pregnant without being married, much as it has become un-cool to smoke (tobacco). that won't stop it, of course. But it could at least give people the feeling that using birth control is something that they want to do, not just something that someone else thinks that they are supposed to do.
My recollection is that a number of countries of Northern Europe have a higher percentage of out-of-wedlock births than in the US, and yet have higher educational outcomes, etc., for such children vs. those in the US.
So, IMHO, the US needs to look for solutions to such births, rather than to keep complaining about it.
Call me crazy, but I think people will continue to have sex.
And, a certain percentage of women will choose not to marry their partners.
There are places where out-of-wedlock births are higher, and not a problem. But that requires all kinds of government interventions (mandatory pregnancy leaves, cheap child care, cheap child medical care, etc.) which the US just isn't going to go for any time in the foreseeable future. That may be unsane, but it is the reality.
Even doing anything to improve educational outcomes seems likely to result in massive political push-back. And the only kind of thing that would get us past that (a change in the culture) would also be a way to reduce out-of-wedlock births in the first place. Which one would be easier to get into law is debatable. But neither would be easy.
"But that requires all kinds of government interventions...which the US just isn't going to go for any time in the foreseeable future."
I politely disagree with your analysis.
The political world in the US is changing very, very fast.
We have a just-reelected black president, no protestants on the SCOTUS, an increasing amount of women and minorities in Congress, wide acceptance of gay marriage, Don't-Ask-Don't-Tell overturned, legalized gay marriage in many US states, sudden legalized marijuana possession in a handful of states, sudden near-universal healthcare, sudden increased taxes on the wealthy, etc.
To claim that any X isn't going to happen soon shows a greater confidence in an ability to predict the US political future than I would say the recent-past warrants.
I think that's a great comment, although it sounds a little defensive. I would suggest that it does not address the poverty rates for single mothers, since if they truly had a higher degree of control over their lives, I would think objectively they would choose abortion over poverty.
If morality is not an influence, and should thus be removed from the rhetoric as you suggest, do you mean that women are not aware enough that choosing to have children at a stable point in their life (married or not) is the best option?
Add to that, I suspect that many of the children born out of wedlock in Scandinavia are actually children born into a stable two parent homes of Nordics who just shun the concept of marriage but who still participate in many of its trappings. That would represent a far different environment than a single mother in the US trying to do all the work and still shower attention on the kids.
"I would suggest that it does not address the poverty rates for single mothers, since if they truly had a higher degree of control over their lives, I would think objectively they would choose abortion over poverty."
I think it depends on how one defines poverty.
Not to down-play poverty in the US. However, if for example a single mom chooses to live with her parents to help raise her child(ren), pool resources, etc., it may well be a rational, logical decision, vs. marrying someone with whom she doesn't want to spend her life.
Similarly regarding abortion. Some women will prefer to have and raise their children, as opposed to aborting the pregnancy.
Good point. In Scandanavia, one can be avoiding the word "marriage," without avoiding the responsibilities of marriage. Here, avoiding the responsibilities is the major feature.
You may be right. I certainly hope you are. And you make a good point about how much things have changed and are changing.
But the disinclination to face reality on government finances is sufficiently widespread that I am not particularly optimistic.
... Here, avoiding the responsibilities is the major feature.
I believe what you said is true in a vast majority of cases. Then for those cases where it is not true, the father would provide for the child anyway with or without a marriage.
"Marriage" truly means different things to different people. In the very old days (and some of that thinking still remains), "marriage" is a meal ticket for an oppressed gender. For the "unoppressed", a "trophy spouse" is another item of "acquisition". None of these two examples of use of the institution of "marriage" has anything to do with either "love" or "like". But believe it or not, some of them "work" in the sense the car keeps driving. I think they work because both sides are clear about what the contract is. But I tend to think the children in this kind of marriage suffer. They do because there is little love to go around.
I don't know if it so much the fact that a couple is married that makes a difference, rather that they are committed to a relationship and the children that are a product of the relationship. Marriage is just a formality, really. I have numerous European friends who manage to commit to each other and their children just fine without actually being married. I wouldn't do it personally, but they seem to be fine.
"Good point. In Scandanavia, one can be avoiding the word "marriage," without avoiding the responsibilities of marriage. Here, avoiding the responsibilities is the major feature."
I can, as a young Scandinavian who just got married, confirm that view. Even though marriage traditions vary a bit over classes, with the upper and lower classes confirming the life time commitment via a marriage ceremony a bit more than the middle class, it as common to have a family without a marriage as it is with. Many also wait until AFTER kids and buying an apartment/house until marrying (mainly due to economic reasons). Me marrying at the age of 27 with a similar age wife before kids was considered young, and almost a bit "trashy" by some.
However, it is important to notice the differences as jouris pointed out. Scandinavia has much more a culture of a collective responsibility of child rearing and also working mothers. This means that the women are less in need of a the sort of formal contract a marriage is to feel secure in family rearing.
I come from a northern European family and have 5 nieces and nephews. All of them live in stable (dual income) families with their biological parents who just never got married. I on the other hand am married but don't have (and don't want) kids.
From what I observed whilst living in Scandinavia, I suspect that the formal "out-of-wedlock" birthrate in northern Europe is close to if not higher than the US, but that the "not living with biological parents" rate is (a lot) lower.
I agree to most of your opinions, only that I don't think it's the government's responsibility to adjust its educational system to help singel-parent children. Parents should make the influence of their divorce clear when they choose to part. If the father/mother has the courage to divorce, he/she should have the confidence to raise the children well in a single-parent family.
I think it comes down to a society deciding what's in it's own best, long term interest.
So, if there are an increasing number of children born out-of-wedlock, which typically have poor educational and economic outcomes -
I would suggest that that society can either place the burden on the parents, make no changes to its educational system, and suffer the consequences as a group, or -
Make the changes needed, and accrue the benefits of a well-educated, successful generation of upcoming children, and ultimately adults.
I actually think the government has a responsibility to limit the impact of adult's negative choices on children, regardless if it is their parent
Agree. I see it as a community responsibility, manifested through public policy.
Almost more important is affordable quality childcare. As a single parent I can absolutely attest to the fact that companies simply do not want to hear that you have family obligations that impact your availability or arrival time at the workplace. Period. Unfortunately, that is the reality, thus severly limiting a single parent's ability to get ahead in their career for more than a decade and goodness forbid you become unemployed and need to seek work, pay for childcare while doing so plus try to stay on top of your bills. Not quite impossible but incredibly challenging certainly.
Thoughts and opinions on America's kinetic brand of politics. The blog is named after Alexis de Tocqueville's study of American politics and society
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Optics InfoBase
Fast multiscale directional filter bank-based speckle mitigation in gallstone ultrasound images
Gabor-based anisotropic diffusion for speckle noise reduction in medical ultrasonography
Intelligent speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion algorithm for automated 3-D ultrasound images
High-resolution dual-modality photoacoustic ocular imaging
Laser-induced cavitation in nanoemulsion with gold nanospheres for blood clot disruption: in vitro results
Improved optoacoustic microscopy through three-dimensional spatial impulse response synthetic aperture focusing technique
Trimodality imaging system and intravascular endoscopic probe: combined optical coherence tomography, fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging
Fourier transform acousto-optic imaging with a custom-designed CMOS smart-pixels array
All-optical photoacoustic imaging system using fiber ultrasound probe and hollow optical fiber bundle
Dynamic monitoring of optical clearing of skin using photoacoustic microscopy and ultrasonography
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Broadband miniature fiber optic ultrasound generator
Fast wavefront adaptive holography in Nd:YVO4 for ultrasound optical tomography imaging
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Ultrasonic characterization of delamination in aeronautical composites using noncontact laser generation and detection
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A Tangible Floating Display System for Interaction
Array-Based Real-Time Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Ocular Imaging
Non-contact photoacoustic imaging using a fiber based interferometer with optical amplification
Integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and fluorescence platform for diagnostic medical imaging-proof of concept study with a tissue mimicking phantom
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Select a Journal: Adv. Opt. Photon.Applied OpticsApplied SpectroscopyBiomed. Opt. ExpressChinese Optics LettersJ. Display Technol.J. Lightwave Technol.J. Opt. Commun. Netw.J. Opt. Netw. (2002-2009)J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1917-1983)J. Opt. Soc. Am. AJ. Opt. Soc. Am. BJ. Opt. Soc. KoreaJ. Opt. Technol.OpticaMeetingsOpt. Mater. ExpressOptics ExpressOptics LettersOptics News (1975-1989)Photonics Research Year


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Preparing for Cesarean is designed to prepare families for a planned Cesarean birth. Discussion includes factual and knowledge based information about Cesarean birth, surgical procedures, anesthesia, recovery, and the role of the support person.
Please register under the expectant mother's name. Fee covers the couple.
Monday, September 30, 2013 7:00 PM - 9:30 PM
This class is full and closed.
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in Childbirth & Parenthood Classes


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What once started as a mere hobby has quickly transformed into a successful business for owner Kathy Neumuller of JJ&B. Here you'll find an exquisite line of carefully crafted artisan Jams, Jellies and Butters that will suit any palette and please every crowd. Using widely organic and locally grown ingredients, JJ&B spreads are always crafted in small batches to ensure quality and flavor.


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Andy Roddick was spotted at his Macy's Dadeland meet-and-greet at the Lacoste shop yesterday working another, albeit old-school, hairy situation.
It so reminded me of the hideousness that is Fernando Verdasco's hairstyle right now.
So whose situation is hairier: A-Rod or Nando?
(images via getty, pacific coast news)
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
PHOTO OP: Whose situation is hairier?
Labels: Andy Roddick, Fernando Verdasco, hair, photo op, tennis
20 comments:
*opens door*
*drops luggage, scuba gear, and racquet*
Bon Bini! (Actually, I think that means welcome, but it's the only phrase I learned. Well...I did learn one other phrase, but I'm saving that one for Rafa. ;))
Guess what? During my *lay*over yesterday in Miami, I ran into A-Rod's coach, Larry Stefanki. Let me tell you...he is one SexyBeast. ME-OW. Le mew, le purrrrrrrrrrrrrr...
I'm going to start cheering for Andy now so I can see Larry in his box!- AnonymousMarch 25, 2009 at 10:31 AM
Well, here's the thing,
Andy Roddick cut his hair like that because he lost a bet and now must suffer through public humiliation as punishment
Fernando Verdasco cut his hair like that because he thinks it makes him look hot
discuss. Richie!!!!
I'm ready for our match against the Agassis. Got the tan going, too. Although without tan lines it's kinda hard to tell. ;)
My encounter with LS was brief, but I did consider removing my clothing and inviting him to get a room with me for a few hours. Then I remembered the client I was meeting might run into LS later in the hotel and I didn't want to lose potential business. As I was leaving, I think I did hear him calling for a maid to clean up the drool I left behind. ;)
Oh yes, and I was sniffing EVERYWHERE in that hotel for signs of Rafa."The Serb's got a death wish I think: Xisca, Rafanatics, you."
LOL. Totally. I eat girls like Ana for breakfast though. ;)
*now imagines receiving golfing lessons from Rafa*
*Rafarms wrapped around Sonja*
"You hold the iron this way, no?"
*Rafa's and Sonja's hands meet*
*other stuff, er, meets*
"Is this a golf ball in your pants or are you happy to see me?"


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Show your support for Mass Youth Soccer Association. Jacket has embroidered Mass Youth Soccer Association logo
Be prepared for any weather situation in this All Weather Storm Jacket. Full-zip, padded jacket with a longer cut and polyester filling for incredible warmth. Features include a hood that stores away in the collar, side zippered pockets, an inner fleece-lined valuables pocket and elastic cuffs. 100% polyester.
Lamentamos que todavia no hay descripción en español para este producto.


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Portland Trail Blazers
No team has fans like the Portland Trailblazers! Stay the #1 fans in the NBA with gear found at Lids.com! Find Portland Trailblazers Jerseys just like the ones players wear. Lids.com is the headquarters for Blazers Hats in all colors and sizes. Don't forget to check out player apparel like Damian Lillard T-Shirts and so much more!
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The New Hampshire Music Festival is celebrating its 61st season with a new music director and exciting new concert offerings in Plymouth and beyond.
Tickets for all performances (with the exception of the 603 Series) will be available at the Silver Center for the Arts Box Office beginning in April 2013. Tickets for the 603 Series will be available at the door at each venue.
For a complete schedule of the New Hampshire Music Festival's 2013 season, go to www.nhmf.org.
The festival includes the following concert series:
Here's the full festival schedule:
(Concerts in the Hanaway Theatre, Silver Center for the Arts, Plymouth State University, unless otherwise noted)
Pops Series
Jazz standards and popular favorites
Chamber Music Series
Intimate musical experiences performed by members of the Festival Orchestra in Smith Recital Hall, Silver Center for the Arts, Plymouth
Orchestra Classics Series
The full grandeur of classical music
Family Concert Series
Orchestral and Chamber music for all ages
603 Series
Statewide orchestral and chamber concerts
(603) 535-2787
We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of this information. However, you should always call ahead to confirm dates, times, location, and other information.


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Military Book Club ranks first for Larry Colton Selection.
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The Book Of The Month Club is an extremely popular book club with a vast selection of fiction, nonfiction and classics on topics such as biography, business and career, cooking, history, health and fitness, humor, and much more! As a member you'll always save 30% - 80% off publishers' edition prices on every hardcover book.


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Definition | Reasons for Procedure | Possible Complications | What to Expect | Call Your Doctor
An intramuscular (IM) injection is a shot. The needle goes into the muscle to deliver medication. This is usually done by a doctor or nurse. Sometimes, your doctor may teach you to inject yourself. IM injections are deeper than injections given under the skin.
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Some medications are better absorbed when given in the muscle. Other medications may be given in the muscle if you are unable to take them by mouth.
Some examples of medications given using an IM injection:
Complications associated with IM injections are:
To inject yourself:
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Follow your doctor's instructions care required for the injection site.
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If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.


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Toolbox Boombox
Inspired by the C-man boombox by Artpentry, I decided to make my own version using a Husky tool box that I had. I picked up some bookshelf speakers, an amp, some 3/4 mdf, some poplar and went to work. I used my new Ryobi airstrike brad nailer (Awesome!) to assemble the mdf portion of the box then I cut the speaker/port holes out of poplar using a circle jig and router. I re-used the existing port tubes, banana plugs, and wiring from the bookshelf speakers on the new box. I extended the volume, treble, and bass knobs from the lepai amp then mounted them where the old Husky logo was. The toolbox was left unfinished so it would hopefully develop a natural patina over time. I love the industrial look of this boombox and I hope you like it too.
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Work Boots
Sportsman's Guide offers a wide selection of women's Work Boots & Work Shoes that are sure to fit everyone's budget, style and help you get the job done right. Why sacrifice comfort for a sturdy work shoe? Get the best of both worlds with a new pair of Women's Boots ranging from Steel Toe to Composite Toe versions. Choose from brands like Wolverine, Ad Tec, John Deere, Timberland Pro and more! Shop the Work Boots you're looking for at Sportsman's Guide and save BIG!
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ha, hahahaha ,hhhaaaaaggrrgahahahahahahahrhaaa ha' wtfe.!!
We are gearing up for "May the Fourth" over here at Mania. In preparation for said event, Star Wars and Lucasfilm have sent us a viral video to get us all in the mood. May the Fourth is the official/ unofficial day of Star Wars. This year, and for many more to come, we have a lot to celebrate. How will you celebrate?
Twitter your plans with #MayThe4thBeWithYou
May the Force be with you, always!
Official Press Release: Since the very first Star Wars movie came out in 1977, fans everywhere have made the galactic saga their own and found creative ways to celebrate their love of the Force. One of the most visible ways is annually transforming the date of May 4th into "May the Fourth," the day that Star Wars fandom has created to share their passion around the world. Fans of all ages wear their favorite Star Wars items, partake in parties and screenings, and pass on messages of "May the Force be with you" in person and online.
I'll never understand why these movies (let alone any popular series in movies, TV, books, etc) warrants a so called holiday for celebration.
What's next, tax exempt status so it can be a religion?
Al, it is recognized religion in England. Check out the story on it. A great read
Please be kidding Bob. Please, oh please be kidding about that.
He is not...there was a survey too about religions a few years ago in England an something like 15% of people said their religion was Jedi...the force is strong with us all.
It had soemthing to do with their rights and leaving a blank spot on the form. To screw the cenus a majority of the people put in the word Jedi.
Actually be hoping to attend when I come to visit Englad this summer
Well no... it was done by a small group less then one percent in 2001 and less then half that in 2011 and it was more a joke by Star Wars Hipsters under the mistaken idea that it would be recognize by the Gov't of the UK if enough people put in on the census.
So no It's not recognized in England, a few basement dwellers didn't get enough cake from their mums is all. ;)
This stupidity actually helped the Conservative Gov't in Canada to get rid of a proper census citing people answering untruthfully and thus skewing results. (rather then prosecuting like they should have)
People also mark FSM and Heavy Metal.
People who falsify a census in most countries have commited a crime and can be charged and really need to start being to help curb this stuff.
I don't celebrate the 4th, except as a joke between my friends. However, I am hoping they release some major spoilers for the upcoming movie on that day!


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LEGAL GUEST BLOG -- CRAIG A. MARVINNEY Vigilant small businesses can benefit from major patent law reformBy CRAIG A. MARVINNEY 4:30 am, October 25, 2012
In September 2011, the President signed the America Invents Act (AIA) into law. With this new law, phased in over the past year and with key provisions fully in effect by March 2013, come a number of changes affecting how small business owners and inventors can via patent protect their important life blood – their inventions. It has raised differing opinions as to whether or not it helps or hurts small businesses and solo inventors.
PRINTED FROM: http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20121025/BLOGS05/310259998/0/www.walterhav.com/attorneys/craig_a_marvinney.htm&template=printart |


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Lake Jackson, Texas Part of the Brazosport area. Visit us on the Texas Gulf Coast (Lake Jackson) (more info)
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The Tremont House, A Wyndham Grand® Hotel The Tremont House, now in its third incarnation, sparkles amidst Galveston's famous collection of historic architecture. Nestled in the heart of The Strand National Historic Landmark District and newly designated Downtown Cultural Arts District, the hotel offers a blend of 19th century charm and 20th century sophistication, with exemplary service and luxury that have made it a favorite among island visitors. (Galveston) (more info)
Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig Museum and Education Center Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig Museum and Education Center (Galveston) (more info)
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Hotel Galvez & Spa®, A Wyndham Grand® Hotel Hotel Galvez & Spa offers guests historic charm coupled with exquisite service. Build in 1911, this AAA four diamond rated, hotel is the only historic beachfront hotel on the Texas Gulf Coast. Hotel Galvez & Spa®, a Wyndham Grand® Hotel and National Trust Historic Hotel of America, is owned by the Cynthia and George Mitchell family. ( Galveston) (more info)
Wings Over Houston Airshow | OCTOBER The 31st annual Commemorative Air Force Wings Over Houston Airshow takes flight October 17-18 at Ellington Airport with thrilling aerial performances, demonstrations and displays. A great event for the entire family! Come see two High performances jet teams; the U.S.A.F. Thunderbirds and the Breitling Jet Demonstration team. Also we'll have top tier civilian performers and WWII battle reenactments.Visit wingsoverhouston.com for tickets, details, and updates as scheduling is subject to change. (Houston) (more info)
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Swedes Real Estate | Beach Rentals Swede's Real Estate Specializes in Vacation travel in and around Galveston county. More specifically, the Bolivar Peninsula communities of: Crystal Beach, Port Bolivar, Gilchrist, High Island (Crystal Beach) (more info)
Katy Jazz Festival | APRIL Mark your calendar and save the dates. You will not want to miss out on this GREAT weekend of Live Jazz and Art! The Katy Jazz Festival is once again proud to offer world renowned professional jazz artists, student jazz groups, and professional visual artworks. (Katy) (more info)
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The Museum of Funeral History The Museum of Funeral History, Houston - chronicles funeral history from the Pharaohs to Popes. (Houston) (more info)
Thompson's Antique Center of Texas When in Texas, you just have to experience the largest antique mall in Houston, Texas! (Houston) (more info) This vendor does not mail to international addresses
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Apr 21, 2011
Cranberry SherbetSo, here goes my adventure with the cranberry sherbet. Here is the recipe:
Apr 15, 2011
Cranberry JellySo, I was spring cleaning out my freezer (funny because it was snowing), and found some cranberries left over from Thanksgiving time. I know that they are usually a fall fruit, but I decided to make sometime with them! I found a recipe for Cranberry Sherbet, which sounded so good (despite the snow) and wanted to make it, but looking at the recipe, I had to have cranberry jelly, to which there w
Apr 11, 2011
Yellowstone Dutch Oven Winner!Check out this is a video dedicated to us from one of our Warm Weather Memories contest winners.
Looks like a great seafood soup recipe! Makes me hungry just watching it!


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Select a Bracelet - Select a Lock - Select Beads. Voila!
Trollbeads is an exquisite set of personalized jewelry. Mix and match, be creative, and add a magic touch. Glance down on the beads and all they symbolize. When you create your personal bracelet, you become the designer – every story has a bead.
Welcome to The Trollbeads World
An extraordinary universe of color, creativity and play. Meet the Trollbeads family, who has designed beautiful beads since 1976. Discover how six small beads evolved into the world's first and finest bead-on-bracelet concept that has charmed women all over the world. Join us as we take you on a journey of high quality materials, craftsmanship, and creativity.
Welcome to our family
Create a profile, and participate in events, make your wish list and personalise your Jewellery Box. Welcome!
Release date: 2009
Designer: 21267
Article No. : 21267
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