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"Homo sapiens alive at that time were not, psychologically, very different from those alive today"... does this mean that if you could take a homo sapiens from 70 000 years back and bring him into today's world, he would be able to comprehend it on par with present specimen?
Some animals do unbelievable things, like constructing enormous (by their standards) structures as bees, ants and termites do, but they are unable to come up with or understand anything new.
If you took an adult homo sapiens from 70,000 years ago and dumped him or her into Times Square, probably not.
But if you took an infant homo sapiens from 70,000 years ago and raised him or her in a modern family, the result would (if the theories expressed in this article are correct) be no different from any other adopted child.
I find this article... lackluster.
Human evolution. Time's arrows. Or bones and arrows? This seems to contradict Stanley Kubrick instigation of Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey 2001.
Now we know how they got their rocks off
From the archaic instrument we might conclude that homo sapiens had an intelligent mind. However, i am confused how the author make some sort of relation with self sacrifice with these instruments.
Interesting to think that perhaps something changed in human evolution that was not visible physically and does not show up in the fossil record.
If there were more modern humans who thought differently from say 60-50000 bc, did they live happily alongside older humans who looked the same, but did not have the extra creative ability?
This is still happening today and it's very obvious. Just go visit a maximum security prison if you want to see what one end of the current human mental capability looks like. Then imagine that 90% of society functioned on the same level and only 10% functioned on an average modern level. At that point it's easy to see how/why humans stayed in a barbic state for so long. In fact via study of DNA and genetics we are even beginning to determine some of the very many genetic factors that go into the 'basis' of a persons creativity, memory, ability for abstract thought, propensity for violence, etc.
As Stephen Pinker points out in his book 'The Better Angels of Our Nature', there is a real payoff to being warlike in pre-state hunter-gatherer societies. Violence is not irrational if it results in expanded territories, increased wealth, more mates and slaves, etc., and it is necessary for survival if defending against aggressors who seek the same. So it's quite plausible that warlike people, or at least people with the capacity for being warlike, would survive and reproduce more successfully. But of course to be successful in war (or in child-rearing), a people must have a capacity for altruism.
I find it a real stretch that these stone chips indicate the development of something as sophisticated as a bow and arrow and thus the timing of the jump from really smart two legged ape to fully social abstract-symbology thinking human. I believe I read that the bow and arrow did not originate in the Americas until just 800 years ago (interestingly, to me at least) only 100 to 200 years after Vikings showed up in Newfoundland). So if these chips indicate the bow and arrow exsited 71,000 years ago, some 50,000 to 60,000 years before humans crossed into the Americas (depending on whose arrival date you choose to believe), then why didn't these immigrant Asian ancestors to Native Americans carry their bows and arrows with them and instead wait until less than 1000 years ago to start making them. It would seem that if these chips were really arrow heads and not just light spear points or knife blades, then 50,000 years would have been plenty of time for the technology to spread to all humans in Africa, Europe, and Asia and thus the boaw and arrow would have been carried into the Americas during the human migration across the Beringia (or along its coast, again depending on what theory you like). So I'm a long way from being convinced this shows that mentally modern humans were around 70,000 years ago.
Good points,perhaps explains America's late development, the migration to these contients will no doubt be seen as a failure as Asia cultural hegemony re-asserts.
I cannot say anything about these arrow heads but the existence of bows and arrow is confirmed in the antiquity, not this early though. As for native Americans, people forget. There are many instances of technologies being developed, forgotten and then reinvented. Take for example the construction of small boats without which it would not be possible to cross from Asia into Australia for prehistoric people but when the British went to Andaman Islands, the knowledge of boat or fishing was lost in those tribes. So it might be possible that the knowledge of archery was lost some time in the past and then reinvented. Also these could be heads for darts in spear throwers which are much older than bows.
Such "sacrifices" are more related to defending the territory.All living organisms tend to mark and then defend their territories.
Evolution of tools may relate to freeing of front legs and their evolution in to hands.Hands could have fashioned the tools and also the idea that it is possible to extend/enhance the work of hands with tools.This idea could have "induced " the brain to get busy from then on.That could have been the time when our evolution was put on steroids by mother nature.Where do we go from here? When we have this complete TAKE OVER by the tools.Will those future intelligent computers send us back in to our past?
Most organisms are in the sea with co sovereignty, sorry to dissappoint fish lovers but krill are communists and herrings may be red
Extreme Altruism is hardly a human specific trait. i.e http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM
And I agree that making major explanations about psychological evolution from a few stones is a bit of a leap.
That video clip is hardly an example of altruism, never mind the 'extreme' kind. The poor calf was pulled at by lions and a crocodile for 5 minutes before the whole herd came back. The human equivalent would be a victim being abandoned to their fate by friends/family until they could return with an army in overwhelming numbers.
The Tool Artifacts does not prove Altruism.
Rather it reflects another strength of Man: Technology.
Along with the evolution of the brain, the evolution of the hand enabled the implementation of Ideas.
And the use of Tools.
All technology, gadgets and tools are made for the hand.
Most inventors know about material science, metallurgy, bonding technology, the history of design, electronics, battery technology, production factors, and software.
BUT they know very little about hand anatomy, physiology, limitations of motion, muscles and tendons, joints, bones, arthritis of the hand and other diseases.
For instance the pinky finger functions similarly to the thumb, though it is less strong.
And the Index finger is more coordinated and stronger than any of the other three fingers.
And without a thumb, your hand losses much of its function--try using a door knob without your thumb. Or butter your bread. Or use an iPhone.
A supercomputer cannot fathom the function of a hand.
And we concentrate too much on cranial capacity and fail to see the hand that feeds it.
It is like developing the next generation of memory processors and neglecting robotics.
Nothing can be accomplished unless we can physically manipulate our world.
Technology comes only by hand.
And that is what makes us human.
And successful.
What would Stephen Hawking make of your thesis?
It is the difference between Theory and Applied Science and Engineering.
Though Mr Hawking is paralyzed, I am sure ready hands prepare him, move him and sustain him from dawn to dusk--just not his own.
He is not just a brain in a jar.
Why does everything we do need to have an evolutionary explanation? I have no problem with the concept of evolution, I am just wondering why we have to minimise wonderful human emotions and acts such as self sacrifice and good works to evolution. Its like going on a date and spending the whole time making pbservations out loud about your partners body language or body chemistry.
Why shouldn't it?
Knowing the reason for an act does not necessarily diminish the act, be it heroic or villainous.
Because it has a danger of debasing the act. It may not be logical but I can easily imagine someone saying: 'You are not really being nice, it is just an evolutionary impulse/side effect', and 'I will take advantage of you, my selfishness should be applauded as it is an evolutionary side effect which ultimately benefits the gene pool'. That person would then go on to write a book called 'Atlas Shrugged'*
Focusing on evolution can be very dangerous as it gives people excuses for their actions and allows people to practice the ethics of 'not being caught' over not doing something unethical in the first place.
We are all made of cells, which are composed of molecules governed by biochemical reactions based upon the laws of chemistry and physics. That there is a scientific reason behind the workings of life, the mind, and human behavior does not diminish the uniqueness of every living being. This provides no excuse for behavior. Children's mind are immature and only partially developed, yet we laud them for their accomplishments and reprimand them as well.
An evolutionary explanation does not replace or minimize other kinds of explanation. We can have both, and both can remain perfectly valid. For example, from my point of view I might look after my children because I love them, whereas from the gene's point of view I do so because this enables certain genes to replicate. However, that the latter explanation is true does not in any way imply that I don't love my children, or that this love does not cause me to care for them. Here BOTH explanations are correct. To put this more generally, explanations at different levels of analyses are COMPLEMENTARY, not in competition with one another. Effective scientists look for multiple explanations targeting different levels of analysis to get the fullest possible understanding of the phenomenon they are studying.
Some further reading on this general notion (from some very different disciplines):
"Why does everything we do need to have an evolutionary explanation?"
Because there is no competing, serious, scientific explanation to evolution as to how living organisms got to be the way they are now. You explain traits, physical or mental, with evolution.
"Because it has a danger of debasing the act."
Aquinas was an arrogant fool whose standards were stupidly high, so I hope you're not arguing from his particular ethical viewpoint.
I am not aligning myself with anyone in particular but evolution on its own can lead to some very dark places such as Eugenics and of course it is ultimately about my genes winning at all costs. It is very easy to justify all sorts of actions by saying they are evolutionary.
I have no problem with the science here, I am talking more about ethics.
So am I. There's no ethical quandry to be had here, and there is no reduction in the nobility of an act just because of the knowledge of why we tend to do it.
No Internet to store and share information.
One "Super Hunter" figures out how to make cheap simple arrows and spearheads and then dies of a tooth abscess and your back to pointy sticks and berries for a thousand years. At some point, increases in populations and trade allow the sharing of information and "Civilizations" begin to coalesce. And their begins the ebb and flow of people sharing and mixing information that is then stored in the Homo Sapiens identity and begets the scourge we call "culture".
Seems illogical to think that sacrificing oneself would lead to ones genes being propagated after ones death, thus increasing ones self sacrificing gene pool in the future. Obviously the opposite is the case. If every human with the self sacrificial gene died in heroism prior to conceiving any children, the that gene would quickly disappear from the gene pool. Teach me what I am missing.
If those you save are your offspring and/or collateral relatives, then the propagation of your genome has been improved. There's nothing in this that says self-sacrifice has to occur before procreation.
In fact, I can envision the tendency to self-sacrifice would increase after procreation because of the results of that very act. Even more, and I'm guessing here, conscious self-sacrifice likely requires a great deal of discipline- a trait that bolsters the survival of an individual before getting to the procreation part.
The propagation of religion and the concept of an afterlife probably has a lot more to do with why people are willing to risk death while trying to kill people they have never even met. If I were going to give an example of altruistic behavior, war sure as hell wouldn't be it. (Maybe providing food and medical care to refugees would be.) Chimps engage in small-scale war, BTW, so they make similar "sacrifices".
"...extreme altruism..."
All that from a couple of stones? Seriously stretched imagination.
Humans all too often are absolute rubbish at trying to see ourselves with any clarity at all. Variously we fetishize love, altruism, tool use, and anything else that seems to provide some slender difference between us and other species. But in the end it always turns out that any particular trait is not unique. What is unique about humans is our capacity to think abstractly and to act on those thoughts to a greater extent than other animals. But that's about it. Aside from that we're just as bound by evolved behaviors as any other animal on the planet - only we can't generally see it because we're all doing it in the same way.
The case can be made that human uniqueness is not just "our capacity to think abstractly and to act on those thoughts" but our ability to communicate those abstract thoughts to others. The evolution of spoken language is by definition absent from the fossil record, but that may well be the significant breakthrough that occurred well after the physical evolution of homo sapiens.
It is obvious to most people that we are unique, different, better than the other animals. We 'fetishize' as you say because we are trying to work out why.
Taken from Ishmael by Daniel Quinn
"you may compete to the full extent of your capabilities, but you may not hunt down competitors or destroy their food or deny them access to food. In other words, you may compete but you may not wage war"
We are the only species that systematically deny/destroy resources to our competitors, and the only species that harvests organisms simply for nourishmnent. That is what sets us apart
I am a dog. It is obvious to me and most other dogs whom I know that we are unique. I myself believe it to be down to our superior sense of smell, while other dog_people of my acquaintance put it down to factors such as our scent, speed, proximity to humans or diversity of form. There is an ongoing dispute about this, but of course we never let it impinge on our confidence in our uniqueness.
very clever but ultimately this argument doesn't help you. What I say remains true. If you ask almost anyone they would agree with my statement and it neatly explains why people want to know how and why. They don't need to know that they are different, they already know this. We have known it for so long that our laws, often thousands of years old, represent this. You cannot steal from a dog.
Not sure ... but don't some termites and ants do both these things? In fact, since resources is more or less equal to territory don't all territorial animals do the former? Don't all animals (since they all eat) do the latter? AFAIK no animals survive on sunlight and minerals ... only plants. You lost me.
Okay, Bird A and Bird B may compete for the same worm. They may even kill eachother over it. However, Bird A will never go to Bird B's nest and kill its eggs, it will never deny it the twigs to build, nor will it play loud music while Bird B is trying to sing a song and mate. We made that next step to, "total war" in an animal kingdom. We want to farm in a forest, by god we'll burn it down destroying everything in it.
I lied (on the internet nobody knows you are a dog). Really I am an eighteenth century British gentleman. It is obvious to me and really to all *civilised* people that the white races are superior to others. In fact we *know* this to be a fact, though we cannot definitively put our finger on the source of our superiority. Of course our laws and the laws of the lands that we subjugate (even unto the laws of God himself) reflect this truth. Overwhelming consensus confirms what we know to be true.
Note: the comment above is a rhetorical device. I am not really what I purport to be. Nor do I personally hold those views. My point is to demonstrate that consensus is not the same as truth. Consensus is especially suspect when the status quo supports a position of power to the group that holds it. In this case every human person knows that human persons are superior to other species, therefore it must be true, is a spurious argument. It reminds me of the common fallacy that says humans are the most evolutionarily advanced species. Whereas all extant species are in fact equally advanced, purely from an evolutionary point of view.
The conensus in this case should be encouraged regardless of whether or not we have evidence as it encourages humans to treat other humans with some form of dignity.
Besides my original point was answering why people are so obssesed with the topic (consensus thinking). Not whether or not it was factually correct.
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PREPARE cake batter and bake as directed on package for two 9-inch round cake layers, adding chocolate and food coloring with water, eggs and oil; cool completely.
BEAT cream cheese and butter in large bowl with mixer until well blended. Gradually add sugar, beating well after each addition. Stir in nuts.
FILL and frost cake layers with cream cheese frosting.


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For those who are unable to attend Sun N Fun in June, we are looking at having a Saturday only fun run in the natatorium complex of the Texas A&M University student recreation center in College Station, Texas. This is an excellent facility and should be a blast. Area of operations to include:
Instructional Pool - this indoor pool is 4'1" deep on the ends and 4'6" in the middle. The handicap ramp affords easy launching and there is a ledge at waterlevel surrounding the pool. This is comparable to running in the reflection pond in Carmel, IN at the SubRegatta only a little deeper.
Platform Diving Area - this broad area has perfect places to launch a boat and excellent vantage points for driving. Max depth is 17' so watch your bubble. An underwater window will be available for observation and photo opportunities.
Admission will be $7 per boat for a day's running. If you want to attend, feel free to suggest a preferred run date as this is still undecided.


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Start at the inner corner of the eyelid and draw the eyeliner close to the lashes. A fine line will give discreet colour and a thicker line will give boldness to the eye. For a softer look, draw a thick line and blend onto the eyelid with your finger or a brush.
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Stuttgart International Cartoon Festival – Festival of Animated Film (ITFS) is one of the world's biggest and most important festivals of animated film. Every May up to 1,000 cartoons from all over the world are screened in Stuttgart, revealing an exciting glimpse of the depth and breadth of the genre. This is a global industry event with a relaxed atmosphere in attractive surroundings.
The promotion of young talent is a cornerstone of the ITFS, giving the festival something of a university campus vibe. Many film schools and art colleges enter cartoons in the Young Animation competition, which forms the core of the festival alongside the international competition. Other categories and competitions include Tricks For Kids, Cartoons for Teens and the prestigious AniMovie feature-length competition, which always attracts distinguished entries. Advertising, spatial communication and technology are covered too, and the Animated Fashion Award is a well-regarded career stepping stone. Stuttgart's venues are perfect for this high-calibre cultural event. The modern Gloria and Metropol cinemas in the city centre have been used since 2006 in parallel with the open-air cinema on magnificent Schlossplatz square. There are also screenings at Ludwigsburg Palace, a nearby historical gem.
Επόμενες ημερομηνίες:
05.05.2015 - 10.05.2015
Τόπος εκδήλωσης
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McIntire named grand marshal of Chester Parade
Retired school teacher Greg McIntire is this years Grand Marshal |
"I think it's quite an honor in the same year I am retiring as a teacher, and having been a longtime resident, to be chosen as the grand marshal for the Chester Fourth of July Parade," said Greg McIntire.
He said the parade has always been a special event for his family, not just as parade watchers but also as active participants.
As a couple, he and wife, Cheri, used to square dance down Main Street on the Fourth of July.
As parents they were involved with the Girl Scouts of America, and their daughters, Chelsea and Stephanie, marched in the parade. One year, the family and the Scouts put together a tucked napkin float representing the American flag.
McIntire, an institution within the Plumas Unified School District (PUSD), retired June 15 after teaching for 35 years. Also an institution within the local community, he worked 32 of those years at Chester Elementary School where he taught everything from third to sixth grade.
Affectionately called "Mr. Mac" by parents and students alike, in his 18-year role as the sixth-grade teacher he devoted his time to preparing his students academically and emotionally to take the next big step in their lives, graduating and moving on to Chester Junior-Senior High School (CHS).
McIntire began his career with PUSD as the new teacher at the James Lee School, formerly known as Injun Jim, a two-room schoolhouse that provided K-6 education in the Feather River Canyon.
He had two back-to-back academic years out of the classroom. During 1995-96 and 1996-97 he was assigned to work as the principal for CES one year and CHS the other.
As to his residency status, he has only lived out of Chester for six years of his entire life.
McIntire was born in the community of Westwood because Chester didn't have a hospital at that time. He went on to graduate from both CES and then CHS in 1970 before attending Feather River College in Quincy. From there he next attended Chico State where he achieved his bachelor's degree and his master's in administration.
He has filled the last 16 years of his summer working for the maintenance division at Lake Almanor West, something he will continue to do part-time into the future.
In the winter, he plans to hunt, fish and continue working with CES sixth-grade classes with their annual block of education regarding the Almanor Basin watershed and the Plumas to the Pacific trip.
He said he also would work in the classrooms, as needed, as a substitute teacher.
About the other facets of his future he said, "As this is my first year, and not knowing what's going to happen, it's very exciting to look ahead and see what I can and can't do.
"I know I will hunt and fish but Cheri and I may travel out of state and even out of the country," McIntire added.
He said he has family in Finland and friends that travel to Mexico annually.
A large block of his time will also go to his six grandchildren: Jeremiah, Drew, Morgan, Tanner, Dylan and Desiree.


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By Nikita Gourski, Development Communications Officer
This April, Donizetti's 'Tudor Trilogy' comes to an end with the COC premiere of Roberto Devereux. Here are ten key things you may want to know before you head to your seat!
1) Royal Intrigues In the opera, a cloud of suspicion hangs over the Queen's beloved Roberto Devereux, who has been accused of treason by members of Parliament. Elisabetta (Elizabeth I) doesn't believe the charges, but she soon learns that Devereux might have betrayed her in another, more personal way, by falling in love with Sara, the Duchess of Nottingham. As Devereux's life hangs in the balance, the Queen must navigate between her obligations as monarch and her all-too-human emotions as a woman in love.
2) A prima donna role Roberto Devereux (1837) is the final instalment in Gaetano Donizetti's "Tudor Trilogy" which also includes Anna Bolena (1830) and Maria Stuarda (1835). Central to each of these operas is a soprano role which stretches the singer to the limits of her technical and dramatic capabilities. It's generally agreed that the role of Elisabetta in Roberto Devereux represents the summit of these prima donna (principal female) roles with regards to difficulty.
3) The best of bel canto Bel canto (literally, "beautiful singing") is a term usually applied to early 19th-century Italian operas with a highly exhibitionist style of singing. Though some bel canto operas seem to privilege vocal showmanship at the expense of storytelling and characterization, in Roberto Devereux the brilliant singing stems directly from emotions related to the text and also from the influence of the words themselves – the colour of the consonants and vowels of the Italian language. This requires a huge investment of dramatic as well as vocal energy from the singer – quite the opposite of the stereotypical view of the prettily chirping bel canto "nightingale." Hear the music in our listening guide.
Sondra Radvanovsky as Anna Bolena in a photo for the Lyric Opera of Chicago.
4) The Return of Sondra Radvanovsky One of the world's best sopranos, Sondra Radvanovsky returns to the COC after her stunning debut with the company (Aida, 2010), to sing the role of Elisabetta for the very first time in her career. She has also been engaged by the Met to perform the role.
Ms Radvanovsky "sings with unflinching honesty and uncommon intensity…" The New York Times
5) Triple Crown With her role debut at the COC, Sondra Radvanovsky will have performed all three Donizetti queens, a significant achievement. Famously, the great American soprano Beverly Sills, who also accomplished the triple crown in the 1970s, reputedly said the difficulty of singing all three roles may have shortened her career by at least four years.
6) COC Premiere Roberto Devereux has never been seen at the Canadian Opera Company, and this premiere offers Toronto a unique opportunity to experience this powerful drama of show-stopping vocal fireworks and intense emotions.
7) Elizabethan-inspired production This production from Dallas Opera, directed by Stephen Lawless, takes its inspiration from the powerful personality of Queen Elizabeth I, and adopts a theatrical style that was popular during her reign. Within this historical framework, the creative team found inspiration in one of the most famous Elizabethan playhouses, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London.
8) Staging the Queen's Biography
The production makes a number of references to significant moments in Queen Elizabeth's life: three large display cases appear at the top of the overture, each containing an actor to represent an aspect of Elizabeth's difficult childhood, including Henry VIII (Elizabeth's father), Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth's mother), as well as a young Elizabeth. At the end of the overture, models of warships sail onto the front of the stage, depicting the greatest naval victory of Elizabeth's reign: repelling the vast Spanish Armada.
9) Elizabethan costumes Designer Ingeborg Bernerth's costumes are generally period-specific and reflect the era in which Roberto Devereux has been set, though some pieces have been modernized (the men's costumes in particular). Queen Elizabeth was the first monarch to take an interest in fashion and its effect on status and societal perceptions. Her rule was a prosperous one and fashions were correspondingly luxurious and elaborate, often embellished and exaggerated.
10) What to Listen For Get the musical highlights with our listening guide here. For a quick preview, visit our listening guide.
Photo: (top) (l – r) Scott Quinn as Lord Cecil, Hasmik Papian as Elisabetta, Andrew Oakden as Sir Gualtiero Raleigh, David Kempster as Duke of Nottingham and Stephen Costello as Roberto Devereux in the Dallas Opera production of Roberto Devereux, 2009. Photo by Karen Almond; (middle) Sondra Radvanovsky as Anna Bolena in a promotional photo for the Chicago Lyric Opera. Photo by Cade Martin; (bottom) Stephen Costello as Roberto Devereux and Hasmik Papian as Elisabetta in the Dallas Opera production of Roberto Devereux, 2009. Photo by Karen Almond.
Posted by Danielle D'Ornellas / in Roberto Devereux / comments (0) / permalink
Queen Elizabeth I is one of history's most dramatized monarchs. Her lasting legacy, and fascinating personal life, has inspired countless works for the stage, page and screen. From epic historical dramas to irreverent comedies and even sci-fi, many notable performers have made the character of the Virgin Queen their own.
When Sondra Radvanovsky makes her role debut as Elisabetta in Roberto Devereux on April 25, she'll add her name to that list! To celebrate this iconic role, we've narrowed down a selection of our favourite on-screen Elizabeths through the years.
Judi Dench - Shakespeare in Love (1998)
Legendary British actress Judi Dench holds the record for giving the second-shortest performance in history to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She was only in the film for eight minutes, but they were memorable ones! Making the most of her screen time, Dench captured the monarch's acerbic wit and showcased the glorious Elizabethan fashion. How could anyone forget her opulent peacock gown?
Cate Blanchett - Elizabeth (1998) and Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007)
Judi Dench wasn't the only actress nominated that year for playing Elizabeth I. Cate Blanchett earned wide acclaim and was nominated for Best Actress for playing the title role in Elizabeth. The dramatic biopic captured the terror of Mary I's bloody reign and the uncertainty of Elizabeth's early years on the throne. Blanchett reprised the role in 2007, as a slightly older and self-assured monarch at the height of her power.
Helen Mirren - Elizabeth I (2005)
It is a rare accomplishment for an actress to play both Queen Elizabeths in her career, so we had to include Helen Mirren on this list. This two-part HBO mini-series shows an aging Elizabeth navigating political powerplays, assassination attempts and the threat of invasion. Behind closed doors, she relies on the friendship and advice of her first love, Robert Dudley (Jeremy Irons), while beginning a flirtation with his dashing, yet hot-headed, step-son Robert Devereux (Hugh Dancy).
Bette Davis - The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939) and The Virgin Queen (1955)
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex also depicted the stormy and ultimately tragic relationship between Elizabeth and Robert Devereux. As Elizabeth I, Bette Davis led a cast of Hollywood legends including the ultimate swashbuckler Errol Flynn as Essex and Olivia de Havilland as Lady Penelope Gray. Like Cate Blanchett, Davis returned to the role for The Virgin Queen, about Elizabeth's later relationship with Sir Walter Raleigh (Richard Todd). She was so committed to this role that she even shaved her head to achieve an authentic Elizabethan hairline.
Miranda Richardson - Blackadder II (1986)
Not every portrayal of Elizabeth has been as serious as the baity roles above. Miranda Richardson's "Queenie" in the the second season of the much-loved British comedy Blackadder isn't anything like the Elizabeth we've come to know through history. She's silly, petulant and if you get on her bad side, watch out for your neck!
Doctor Who (2013)
And last, but not least, the character of Elizabeth I has even crossed over into sci-fi! Everyone's favourite Time Lord became quite close with the queen during his journeys through the universe.
Who do you think played Elizabeth I best? Let us know in the comments!
Banner photo credits: Helen Mirren in Elizabeth I; Queen Elizabeth I portrait; Cate Blanchett in Elizabeth.
Posted by Kristin McKinnon / in Roberto Devereux / comments (1) / permalink
By Gianmarco Segato, Adult Programs Manager
Roberto Devereux is the final instalment in Gaetano Donizetti's "Tudor Trilogy" which also includes Anna Bolena and Maria Stuarda. Central to each of these operas is a soprano role which stretches the singer to the limits of her technical and dramatic capabilities. It's generally agreed that the role of Elisabetta in Roberto Devereux represents the summit of these prima donna (principal female) roles with regards to difficulty.
What makes it challenging is the equal emphasis Donizetti places on both virtuosic vocal and histrionic demands. It is common to dismiss bel canto (literally, "beautiful singing") opera of the early 19th century as being tied to conservative musical formulas. For example, the operas of Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti and those of the first half of Verdi's career, employed the two-part aria, whose first section (often a slower cavatina) was succeeded by a more rapid cabaletta to demonstrate a marked change in emotion. However, Roberto Devereux comes from late in Donizetti's career by which time his inspiration emerged more from the text, allowing him to break free of the constraints of any formulaic notion of melodic development.
For the character of Elisabetta especially, this approach yielded opportunities for brilliant singing which stems directly from emotions related to the text and also from the influence of the words themselves – the colour of the consonants and vowels of the Italian language. This requires a huge investment of dramatic as well as vocal energy from the singer – quite the opposite of the stereotypical view of the prettily-chirping bel canto "nightingale."
Musical Excerpt #1: Act I, Scene i: Aria: "L'amor suo mi fe beata" ("His love was a blessing to me")
Connection to the Story Queen Elisabetta enters and greets Sara, Duchess of Nottingham, not realizing that Sara is her rival for the affections of Roberto, Earl of Essex. Elisabetta confesses to Sara that life without Roberto's love is not worth living, a revelation that makes Sara deeply uneasy.
Musical Significance This is Elisabetta's aria di sortita (entrance aria) which from the start sets out her dual character as Queen and lover. It is written in the traditional cavatina (slower section)/cabaletta (quicker, more decorated section) form, which is one of the building blocks of bel canto opera. This excerpt begins with the cavatina in which the expressive vocal line floats above a very spare accompaniment. This too is characteristic of bel canto vocal writing: the voice is front and centre allowing the singer the freedom to shape the vocal line in a very personal way by speeding up and slowing down the overall tempo (called rubato); changing dynamics (soft to loud) and adding ornaments such as trills (rapid oscillations between two adjacent notes) and interpolated high notes.
Even though Elisabetta's opening cavatina begins as a beautiful, woodwind-accompanied declaration of love for Roberto, Donizetti reveals her nearly pathological fear of betrayal at 0:47 with sudden, threatening repetitions of the words "Ah! se fui, se fui tradita" ("Ah! if I have been betrayed") and then subsequently reinforces these emotions with sets of overblown trills (listen at 1:22) at "le delizie della vita" ("the pleasures of life").
As is typical with this aria form, the cavatina is delineated from the cabaletta with a short interjection by another character, usually a comprimario (supporting role). So, at 2:53 we hear Cecil announce that Roberto has been accused of treason which, given her strong feelings, inspires more outward vocal display in Elisabetta's emotional cabaletta. It begins at 4:07 – listen how the vocal line becomes more agitated than in the cavatina. This is achieved with the addition of coloratura (fast, scale-like passages) which appropriately descends into the soprano's lower register on the words "i tuoi nemici, ah! nella polve innanzi a te" ("your enemies will fall, in the dust before you") and, an overall, more insistent tempo.
Musical Excerpt #2: Act I, Scene i, Duet: "Un lampo, un lampo orribile..." ("A flash, a terrible flash of lightning…")
Connection to Story Elisabetta speaks to Roberto of the past, when their love was like a dream. But then she begins to question him about his intentions. Roberto mistakenly assumes the Queen knows that he has fallen in love with Sara and then tries to cover his lapse. Elisabetta's anger is aroused and, dissembling, she offers to lead his bride to the altar if he would only reveal her name.
Musical Significance This excerpt is universally acclaimed as one of the highpoints in the score. It is in fact a "double duet:" the more tender opening section centres around Elisabetta's reminiscences of happier days with Roberto, whereas the contrasting bravura cabaletta section expresses her desire for revenge once she suspects she might have a rival for his affections. The Queen's vocal line, heard at the start, rarely settles into anything approaching a smooth melody and is instead peppered with frenzied coloratura.
Interestingly, when Roberto joins in at 0:37, rather than repeating Elisabetta's incisive "un lampo, un lampo" ("a flash, a flash") from the beginning of the cabaletta, he sings a different melody, which passes through a number of keys before coming back to rest in the original major key. His somewhat smoother vocal line is nevertheless restless, see-sawing back and forth as he expresses the hope that he, and not his lover Sara, might be the sole victim of the Queen's deadly wrath.
Musical Excerpt #3: Act III, Scene ii, Aria: "Come un spirto angelico" ("Like an angelic spirit")
Connection to the Story In his cell in the Tower of London, Roberto expresses the wish that he live only if he is able to defend the honour of Sara and die at the hands of her husband, Nottingham.
Musical Significance Until Act III, Roberto has been mainly showcased in duets with other characters. This excerpt represents the first section of his big, double "prison aria;" a gentle cantabile which literally means "songlike" and is just another way of referring to the slower, more free-form part of a double aria.
This is a classic bel canto melody, not oversaturated with showy vocal gymnastics, but no less demanding in its insistence on perfect legato or, in other words, the creation of an absolutely smooth singing line in which one tone is intrinsically bound to the next. The endlessly flowing melody is uninterrupted by any vocal ornament, except appropriately, in the link between its two sections (at 0:47) and at the final cadence (final "resting" spot of the tune) at 1:45.
Musical Excerpt #4: Act III, Scene iii: Cabaletta: "Quel sangue versato al cielo s'innalza" ("That spilled blood rises to heaven")
Connection to Story Roberto's death is announced and Elisabetta turns on the Nottinghams; she determines that their betrayal warrants no leniency and orders them led away.
Musical Significance This excerpt is the cabaletta portion (the quicker section following the slower, opening larghetto) of Elisabetta's final scene, one of the most dramatic and demanding soprano assignments in the entire bel canto repertoire. Here, the Queen is pushed to the limits of sanity once she learns it is too late to save Roberto, her mental state clearly reflected in the vocal challenges thrown at the singer. Large intervals (wide leaps between one note and another) like those at 0:37 and 1:44 signify a human being reaching the breaking point, as does the sudden change of mood at 1:55 where the tempo quickens and the previously linear vocal line becomes embellished with quick coloratura runs. Unusually, at the repeat of the main theme (at 2:42), Donizetti sets a different text just as Elisabetta envisions the bloodstained block on which Roberto has died. Generally, in situations like this, the same words would be used for a repeated verse, but Donizetti's keen desire to heighten and specify the dramatic situation demanded a change in text.
Photo: Stephen Costello as Roberto Devereux and Hasmik Papian as Elisabetta in Dallas Opera's production of Roberto Devereux, 2009. Photo: Karen Almond
Posted by Danielle D'Ornellas / in Roberto Devereux / comments (3) / permalink
Sara Fulgoni in the COC production of Bluebeard's Castle. Photo: Michael Cooper © 2001


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Maryland unveiled a brand new get-up for its game against Georgia Tech on Saturday, yet the new gear does not include any references to the following Old Line State icons:
-Old Bay
-Blue crabs
-Brooks Robinson
-Natty Boh
This is an oversight, in my opinion.
What the new gear does include, however, is a healthy dose of the Maryland state flag, several Under Armour insignias and what looks like the fanciest pair of wrestling shoes to hit the FBS in years.
First, the wide shot (all photos courtesy of Darren Rovell's Twitter account, of course):
Then the gloves, which, when put together, resemble the colors of the state flag (which can also be seen on the shoulder pads):
Last but not least, the cleats:
Well, those are something. Maryland may be trotting out a linebacker at quarterback, but at least the Terrapins will look good doing so.
Copyright 2015
Read the original story: Maryland unveils new 'state pride' uniforms (PHOTOS)


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East Tennessee Children's Hospital » Patients & Families » Health Information
Please Note: By clicking a link to any resource listed on this page, you will be leaving this site.
AboutFace Internationalhttp://www.aboutfaceinternational.orgAboutFace is an international organization that provides information and emotional support to individuals with facial differences and their families. Call: (800) 665-FACE
Tolerance.orghttp://www.tolerance.orgTolerance.org encourages people from all walks of life to fight hate and promote tolerance.
Anti-Defamation Leaguehttp://www.adl.orgThe mission of this organization is to fight anti-Semitism and bigotry of all kinds.
Stop Bullyinghttp://www.stopbullying.govThis U.S. government website offers valuable resources for kids and adults on bullying awareness, prevention, and intervention.


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Reflect on the seriousness of sin and the necessity of biblical repentance as you read through this thought-provoking book.
Learn about the danger of ignoring sin in your life. Author Richard Owen Roberts takes you through Old
and New Testament references on the subject of repentance. Published by Crossway Books.


text: My wife and I are going for our first trip to costa in november and are staying in Jaco. it seems after we booked the hotel room that everything Im reading about the town is that its super sketchy, and be careful at night??? I have been surfing for a long time but my wife is just starting so I figured Jaco was the best place to start......Am I choosing the right beach can I get a bus or shuttle from San Jose to jaco. Does anyone know anything about the hotel Canciones del mar? Thanks, Logic


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A Firm Growth Checklist -- Improving client service and profitability in the cloud
Register for this webinar by May 30, 2013
Follow this link to register. After this seminar has passed, the recording will still be available. CPE credit will be available to live attendees only.
Event Date: May 30, 2013 Only
Different firms have different goals for growth, but when it comes to making your firm more profitable, there are a few common threads to keep in mind. With the right software and a strategic plan, your firm can:
- Attract new clients by presenting a professional image and developing a reputation for high-quality work.
- Improve retention of existing clients by improving responsiveness and communication.
- Grow firm revenue by making all client interactions more profitable.
In this informative session, you'll learn how to better meet client expectations and complete more work in less time – with fewer resources. With less inefficiency holding you back, your firm can reach its full potential.
David Bergstein, CPA, CITP
Director, Strategic Relationships
CCH, a part of Wolters Kluwer
Coconut Creek, FL
In 2011, he was the recipient of the "On the Edge" Innovation Award from the Leading Edge Alliance, which recognizes industry leaders for their vision and significant contributions to the accounting profession.
In 2012, he received the "Brand Ambassador" award from Enterprise Worldwide.
David is a happy grandfather who tweets on twitter while rollerblading. His hobbies include bicycle riding, tennis, and staying up to date on technology. If you are looking to keep up with him you can find him on Facebook or his twitter account.
Program Level | basic |
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Advance Preparation Needed | none |
Delivery Method | Group-Internet Based |
Recommended CPE Credit | 1 credit per 50-minute session* |
Registration Instructions | register online |
Cost | free |
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Sift Media is registered with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) as a sponsor of continuing education on the National Registry of CPE Sponsors. State boards of accountancy have final authority on the acceptance of individual courses for CPE credit. Complaints regarding registered sponsors may be submitted to the National Registry of CPE Sponsors through its website: www.learningmarket.org.
* To obtain CPE credit, the live session must be attended. The recording does not qualify for credit.


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In recognition of the need to improve the quality of life of individuals with mental retardation (MR), Special Olympics Inc. (SOI) commissioned this report to examine the health needs of children and adults with MR. The purpose of this report is three-fold: 1) to identify the current health status and needs of individuals with MR, 2) to identify services gaps in supporting these needs and 3) to propose specific recommendations to address the unmet health care needs of individuals with MR. Early in the 20th century, individuals with MR were generally isolated, rather than encouraged to lead fulfilling and healthy lives (David, 1970; Rix, 1986, Campbell, 1999). The last 40 years, however, have seen dramatic changes in sentiments regarding those with MR, resulting in a turn in public policy towards an emphasis on normalization and inclusion (Rowitz, 1992; Kauffman and Hallahan, 1995; Parmenter, 1999). Other developed countries, such as Canada, the United Kingdom (U.K.), the Scandinavian countries and Australia, have seen similar movements (Malin, 1981; Rowitz, 1990; Parmenter, 1999). As a result of these changes in developed countries, much debate and research has focused on the prevention of MR, deinstitutionalization, and the education and employment of individuals with MR (Tizard, 1971; Clarke, 1991; Anderson et al., 1998). In the U.S., these themes are reflected in court cases, legislative actions and federal initiatives, including Wyatt v. Stickney (1972), Public Law 94-142 and its successor, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and reports by the President's Committee on Mental Retardation (Anderson et al., 1998). Globally, a variety of international organizations, such as the International Association of Scientific Studies on Intellectual Disability, have been developed to support and study both the prevention of MR and the public education concerning individuals with MR (Clarke, 1991). The health status and health service needs of individuals with MR, however, have received little attention over the past four decades. This lack of attention to health status is surprising, particularly in light of the tremendous gains in life expectancy which have resulted from medical and public health advances. The life expectancy of individuals in the U.S. increased 27.26 years between 1900 and 1990 (NCHS, 1999), and in 1997, the average life expectancy was 76.5 years (Anderson, 1999). Similarly, the life expectancy for individuals in Western Europe increased in the past century, resulting in a current average life expectancy of 74.0 years (Population Division, 1998). Increased longevity is evident not only in the general population, but also among individuals with MR (Rowitz, 1992; Janicki and Breitenbach, 2000). Currently, the average life expectancy of older adults with MR is 66.1 years, but younger adults with MR are expected to live as long as their peers without MR (Janicki et al., 1999). With improved assistive technology and effective public health programs that control most infectious diseases, not only are individuals with mild MR living longer but some individuals with more severe MR also have increased life expectancies (Eyman et al., 1988). As a result, these individuals have recently been faced with the same chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, which confront the general adult population (Moss and Turner, 1995 in Barr et al., 1999). Although effective health prevention strategies and treatments exist for many diseases (Bunker et al., 1995; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 1996), not everyone benefits equally from these medical interventions. The poor, minorities and the socially disadvantaged disproportionately have poor health outcomes and lack access to adequate health care services (Hertzman et al, 1994). Individuals with MR are particularly vulnerable to having unmet health care needs, as they are faced with many challenges in understanding and maintaining their health (President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 1999). Individuals with MR may have difficulties understanding the effects of behavior on health, the risks and benefits of medical treatment, and the process of accessing appropriate and necessary health services (Barr et al, 1999; President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 1999). In addition, when health care services are utilized by this population, health providers may have difficulties recognizing and treating various diseases, obtaining accurate medical histories and communicating with patients who have cognitive and language disabilities (Schor et al., 1981; Minihan and Dean, 1990; Lennox et al., 1997) The lack of access to appropriate health care services also may be a relatively new problem for individuals with MR, resulting, at least in part, from the deinstitutionalization of the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1967 and 1997, as individuals with MR were mainstreamed into the community, there was a 71% reduction in the number of individuals in state MR/developmental disability facilities (Anderson et al., 1998). Trends of declining populations in MR facilities also are evident in other developed countries, such as Great Britain, where there was a 36% reduction in the number of individuals in long-stay hospitals between 1980 and 1990 (Hart, 1998). As a result of deinstitutionalization, all but the most severely disabled individuals with MR are expected to function in the community environment. Many of these individuals can and do achieve levels of functioning that were not previously thought possible (President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 1999). Not all, however, have their health care needs adequately addressed in the community, due to a limited availability of community resources and a lack of access to both knowledgeable care providers and a continuity of care (Savino et al., 1973; Saenger et al., 1979; Newacheck et al., 2000). In addition, the recent increase in managed care, and its emphasis on cost-containment, may exaggerate the impact that poor access to quality medical care has on this population (Kastner, 1991; Department of Health, 1995 in Jones and Kerr, 1997, President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 1999). As a result, unmet health care needs may be an unintended consequence of deinstitutionalization. Although controversy remains regarding the quality of care received in institutions (Landesman and Butterfield, 1987; Lowe et al., 1995), individuals in residential centers were at least likely to have a usual source of care and be seen by providers experienced in the treatment of individuals with MR (Durkin, 1996). Consequently, to develop a coherent set of recommendations for the improvement of the health of individuals with MR, a thorough review of the literature on the current health status of those with MR was commissioned by SOI. In preparation for this report, several steps were taken to ensure a thorough review of academic and public policy documents. Researchers searched Medline and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed articles on the physical, mental, dental and ocular health of people with MR, as well as the availability and accessibility of health care services for these individuals. Many of these studies utilized administrative data accessed from service delivery databases. In addition, publications and reports were obtained from national and international organizations focusing on MR, including the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMR), The Arc of the United States, and the International Association for the Scientific Study of the Intellectual Disabilities (IASSID). Based on a search of GPO Access and the Internet, government documents that relate to the health and health service use of individuals with MR also were obtained. Further, individuals from several federal agencies (including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Council on Disability, the President's Committee on Mental Retardation, the U.S. Bureau of Census and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) were contacted and interviewed. Although numerous articles exist regarding the health status and needs of individuals with MR, not all are scientificially rigorous or pertinent to this manuscript. Therefore, while approximately 1,100 articles were considered, only 548 were admitted into this review. Individuals from academic institutions and those involved in programs for individuals with MR through SOI, including Drs. Paul Berman, Sandra Block, Steve Corbin, Matthew Janicki, Steven P. Perlman, and H. Barry Waldman, also provided additional information. National U.S. datasets, including the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National Health Expenditure Survey and the Survey of Income and Program Participation, also were reviewed to determine the availability of data related to individuals with MR. Following a review of the definition and prevalence of MR, this report examines the physical, ocular, mental and dental health needs of individuals with MR. Next, the health care services available and accessible to this population are discussed. The report concludes with a list of recommendations, proposed to improve the health of individuals with MR.
* In 2004, Special Olympics updated its official terminology from "mental retardation" to "intellectual disabilities" - previously the term "mental retardation" was used throughout the Special Olympics movement because of its specific meaning in clinical and academic settings. Other terminology - including cognitive delay, intellectual disabilities, intellectual handicaps, learning disability, mental disabilities and mental handicaps - is used around the world
Special Olympics transforms athletes' lives through the joy of sport. Help us make a difference.
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Stay in touch! See inspiring stories, photos and videos in our Special Olympics newsletter.
Today, the Templeton Foundation gave its most prestigious award to my hero, Jean Vanier. For Linda and our children and me, he has also been our retreat leader, our teacher of humility, our guide.
Posted on 2015-03-11 by Tim
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Full Committee hearing entitled, "Hearing on the Nomination of Gina McCarthy to be Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"
Webcast can be accessed by clicking the red "live hearing" icon when the hearing begins at 10:30am ET. Please note that the icon will not appear until 10:30am ET and may require your web browser to be refreshed at that time. This hearing will also be live webcast online via C-SPAN at www.c-span.org
Full Committee Business Meeting
The Committee on Environment and Public Works will hold a Business Meeting to consider the following items: • GSA Resolutions


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Hanging Temple Bells
Customers Also Bought
Temple Bells Ring in the Holidays
- Rustic bells announce the arrival of visitors
- Great for the holidays or year-round
- Metal bells with wooden clackers create a pleasing sound
Like those found in Himalayan temples, these rustic golden bells have wooden clackers that create a pleasantly deep, soulful resonance. Hang them on a door or covered porch. Jute rope with three painted steel bells.
- Painted steel, wood, jute
- 24-1/2" L overall
- Three 4-1/2" H bells
Reviewed by 10 customers
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Displaying reviews 1-10
- Even In High Wind Area
Best Uses
- None Without Sound
Purchased this item to have some chimes in my garden. We live in a windy area and nothing makes this temple set of bells ring. It was on sale but not worth anything to me just hanging there.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Hang Them On A Gate
Best Uses
- Garden Doorbell
These simple bells are beautiful and durable. They have a wonderful sound. I enjoy them every time my gate is opened.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Not Well Made
Best Uses
They do not make much noise and they seem to be cheaply made. Not what I expected.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
Best Uses
Should have believed the other reviews on this product. The bells barely make any sound and I would rate the quality as poor.
- Was this a gift?:
- No
- Pretty sound
- Rustic look
- none
Best Uses
- Gate
Got these for my mom for Mother's Day, so I haven't given them to her yet, but I think she will love them. We have a backyard gate to the driveway, which I bought these purposely for. I think she will love them and they will be perfect for the gate, so she can hear someone coming from the patio. Excited to give them to her on Sunday!!!
- Was this a gift?:
- Yes
These bells are lovely and sound really nice, but I expected them to be louder. In order to use them as gate bells as intended, we will have to modify them to make them noisier.
- Easy to hang
- Lovely sound
- Need To Replace Hanger
Best Uses
- Door decoration
The bells look great hanging on the front door with a Christmas wreath. The jute hanger wore through where it attached to the door hanger - too much movement due to wind(?) I've had many compliments on how the bells look and sound.
- Beautiful sound
- none
Best Uses
Hanging on door knob lets you know when someone is coming in or leaving; nice joyous sound.
I just received these bells yesterday and they are nice. But they do need a little holly around them or some other holiday decorations to make them festive though. I have them hanging from a closet door handle with garland and lights hanging over the arch of the door. They are large enough to notice them and they add alittle something extra, the matte gold finish on them is pretty. The bells don't make a whole lot of sound though...almost like a small cow bell would make. Overall happy with the purchase, although a little pricey, I know I will have them forever and can leave them up year round.
One bell does not have a clapper, and the clapper is wood, so the bell "noise" sounds like a cow bell, but not in a good way. I know I have seen similar online, though of course, I cannot find them now. Sending back.
Displaying reviews 1-10
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We're proud of the fact that this item is shipped to you directly from our warehouse in Vermont, by one of our 250 employee-owners. In-stock items are packed with care and shipped within the next business day to ensure prompt delivery to your home and garden!


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Pronunciation: novèmber
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Rampages, also known as Kill Frenzies in Grand Theft Auto 1 and Grand Theft Auto 2, are a type of side-mission where the player has to do certain tasks in under 120 seconds (2 minutes). This type of side-mission is required for 100% completion (except GTA San Andreas) and has been featured in nearly all GTA games prior to Grand Theft Auto IV (except the PC version of GTA San Andreas, since its rampages are 2-player based, and the PC version doesn't support it). Rampages were omitted from Grand Theft Auto IV but reappear in Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars.
Most of the tasks have the player kill a certain amount of gang members, run over pedestrians, perform drive-by shootings on gang members/vehicles or destroy a certain amount of vehicles. Suitable weapons are given for each rampage. In GTA San Andreas the rampages are always 2-player vehicle based. The first player drives the car, while the second one drivebys the other vehicles.
In GTA 2, Kill Frenzies come in two forms: as green skull icons, where the player must kill a certain number of people or destroy a certain number of vehicles in a time limit with a given weapon, or as parked vehicles, where, upon entry, the player must run down a number of people or destroy a number of cars with vehicle weapons. Completing a Kill Frenzy grants the player an extra life.
In GTA III, if the player fails a rampage on the first attempt, a second location for the very same rampage is present. If the second location is failed then the rampage returns to its original place.
The Rampages can be only completed once in GTA III, GTA Vice City, GTA Advance and GTA Liberty City Stories or can be completed multiple times in GTA San Andreas and GTA Vice City Stories. In GTA Vice City Stories, once the player passes the rampage for the first time, the white skull on the icon shows up as blue and this enables the player to play the rampages again any time they please. There is also a special option on the map which marks all completed rampages.
The first rampage completed earns the player $500 ($5000 in GTA III), the next one gives $1000 ($10,000 in GTA III) and so on. In GTA Liberty City Stories, completing all rampages rewards the player with an M-60, which spawns at each of the safehouses. In the other games, only money is given for completing all rampages, as well as contributing towards 100% completion.
There are 20 rampages in GTA III and GTA Liberty City Stories, whereas GTA Vice City and the PlayStation 2 version of GTA Vice City Stories feature 35 rampages. The PSP version of GTA Vice City Stories has 30 rampages. The console versions of GTA San Andreas contains 5 two-player rampages.
In GTA Chinatown Wars, there are 30 rampages, which involve killing gang members with a given weapon. Unlike previous games, the player is given henchmen to help kill enemies in some of the rampages, otherwise the rampage is done alone. Score multipliers are given for consecutive kills. Instead of there being a number of people you have to kill, the rampages work on a score basis, destroying gang vehicles also gain points, though it is less, awarding the player a bronze, silver or gold medal. Bronze medals must be won on all rampages to obtain 100% completion. Once a rampage is passed, the rampage will still be shown on same location, but instead of the icon being just a white skull, bronze, silver or gold (depending on your achievement) outlines the skull. On top of the 30 rampages, there are also five Riding Shotgun missions, which fall under the same in-game category.
The reason why the GTA San Andreas rampages are not required for 100% completion is that they are only accessible in a two-player game, which would render the 100% completion impossible for single players were the condition to be applied.
A penalty for failing a rampage in Liberty City Stories, Vice City and Vice City Stories is that any Wanted Level gained during the rampage remains in force, with Toni or Victor or Tommy are left to their own devices for dealing with it. Any enemies attacking the player during the rampage will also continue to be a threat, whether the player has passed the rampage or not.
- The censored versions of GTA III and GTA Vice City don't have any rampages.
- There is a glitch on GTA Vice City where if a weapon you carry is used during a Rampage, you will lose that weapon straight after.
- In the censored version of GTA Liberty City Stories, the game has 13 rampages, 7 were removed from the original version because their goal was to kill innocent pedestrians (the PS2 version retains all original rampages).


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The Hollingworth Center
The Hollingworth Center, a program within the Department of Curriculum and Teaching at Teachers College, Columbia University, is a service, research, outreach, and demonstration site. The Center is designed to provide internship and training opportunities for the graduate students of Teachers College, develop demonstration programs in early childhood education and primary grade STEM education, and offer enriched educational services for children, families, and educators locally and internationally. Primarily concerned with nurturing the talent development of all young children, the Center maintains a special commitment to creating and implementing programs for underserved children and teachers in urban schools locally and abroad, and designing model curricula in areas traditionally neglected in primary and elementary schools.


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New Orleans Saints Gear
New Orleans Saints Home Office & School
less than $10
(59 items)
Product ID: 897407
Main Content
Serve your fellow Saints fans a proper meal on this 16" serving tray and watch that huge grin appear on their faces! What if they're not New Orleans Saints fans, you ask? Well that's too bad—they'll have to put their biases aside unless they want to stay hungry. Made of durable melamine, this tray measures 16" x 11" and features your favorite team's graphics. Its non-slip design make it a perfect accessory for tailgating, entertaining, or just eating dinner while you watch a Saints game on the big screen!
- 100% Melamine
- High definition for outstanding clarity & sharpness
- High-quality team graphics
- Measures approximately 16" x 11"
- Officially licensed Saints serving tray
- Two carry handles
Reviewed by 1 customer
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- Authentic Look
- Shows Off Team Pride
- Stylish Design
Best Uses
- Anytime
Comments about New Orleans Saints 16'' Melamine Serving Tray:
very good
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Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items
are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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How To Assemble Your New Bike
Your new bike will ship in a semi-assembled form referred to as "Dealer Ready" or in "Alpha Build."
Dealer Ready bicycles are 90% assembled by the manufacturer and packed for shipping in their original boxes.
When you receive your bicycle, some assembly is required. Typical assembly requires (but is not limited to):
Standard tools are required for assembly, and generally include an adjustable wrench, hex wrench, pliers, and a screwdriver. A ratcheting socket wrench is recommended, but not required. Please refer to the instruction manual for full list of tools required for assembly.
Assembly may take 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity of the bicycle.
Each bicycle manufacturer offers assembly, parts, and warranty support via the toll-free phone number (and/or website) listed inside the instruction manual.


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Apr 27
- Bucks bounce Bulls to force Game 6 9:48pm
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Our hotel
Perched on a cliff high above Cornwall's unspoilt Lizard peninsular, the elegant Polurrian Bay Hotel is truly one of a kind.
Delightfully light, bright and airy in feel, the hotel offers stunning views from inside and out – especially from our Vista lounge, where the glass-fronted panorama will take your breath away. The coast, the sea, the sky, the glorious sunsets… each one is more spectacular than the last.
Our rooms are comfortable yet stylish, our locally sourced food unpretentious and delicious, and our service both efficient and genuinely welcoming. And if our extensive grounds, spa, swimming pools, tennis court and private beach aren't enough, there are plenty of family-friendly activities close by, from surfing and horse riding to golf and coastal walks. The Polurrian Bay is, quite simply, the quintessential luxury family seaside hotel.


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Showing 1-24 of 54 items found in Food & Drink
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Kryptonite Bar
Kryptonite is a live, original music venue specializing in Elite Craft Beers, customer service, signature cocktails, a sweet patio, Stand Up Comedy on Tuesdays, Trivia on Wednesdays, BARGO on Thursdays and so much more.
Carlyle Brewing Company
Enjoy the taste of quality, handcrafted beer in the atmosphere of a true European-style ale house in the Rockford Region's premiere microbrewery. Ten to twelve styles of ales and lagers are on tap at any time, chosen from more than 30 styles of beer brewed on-site throughout the year. For a real treat for the beer lover, try the sampler tray of current beers. Delicious homemade root beer is a great treat for the whole family, available in a tall glass or as a root beer float. Sandwiches, bratwurst, and hot pretzels are also available.
Hailey's Winery
Hailey's Winery specializes in handcrafted wines from grape varieties native to Illinois, as well as other varietals, and seasonal fruits. We are a fully functioning winery, with all wines produced and bottled on the premises. Wine tastings are available in our tasting room any time during our business hours, and we also have weekend music events. In addition to wine, we have homemade bread, cheeses, chocolates, and gift items.
Stockholm Inn
Popular with both locals and visitors, this restaurant's menu and decor echoes Rockford's Swedish heritage. In addition to American food, the Stockholm Inn cooks up Swedish pancakes with imported lingonberries, Swedish meatballs and other Swedish favorites. And great coffee, of course! Banquet rooms are available. Home of the Lingonberry Gift Shop with "the best Scandinavian gifts in the world."
Come home to Lino's for great food and great music. Lino's is a long-standing Rockford Italian eatery with lots of atmosphere. Full menu of pasta, pizza, veal, chicken and fish with nightly specials. Enjoy smooth Jazz from the Midwest's best musicians every Tuesday and Thursday, 6-9pm, at "Jazz Night in Old Italy." The core group consists of Eddie B. Jazz trio with special guest musicians from all over. Enjoy the music in the "Village" of Old Italy.
McEachran Homestead
The McEachran Homestead is offically recognized by the State of Illinois as a sesquicentennial farm. In addition to preserves and fresh produce, the farm sells its own line of grape and fruit wines.
The Office Niteclub
Located in downtown Rockford's historic River District, The Office offers dancing, drag shows, karaoke and an outdoor patio in warm-weather months.
Abreo Restaurant, Wine Bar & Patio
In the heart of the up-and-coming 500 block, Abreo has become known as downtown's premiere restaurant and nightspot. Housed in vintage 1888 architecture, the atmosphere is uniquely its own. From its cozy wine bar with a beautiful stone fireplace, its whimsical dining room, its peaceful garden patio, to its intimate wine cellar, Abreo is an experience for all of the senses.
Social Urban Bar & Restaurant
This hip Rockford restaurant cooks up seasonal dishes inspired by the produce and meats supplied from local farmers. The bar offers a nice selection of craft beers and wine, along with more than a dozen different absinthes.
Der Rathskeller German Restaurant & Bar
One of Rockford's oldest restaurants, featuring German cuisine in a warm, intimate old-world setting. German ancestry shines through at this favorite eating place since 1931. Banquet facilities available. Delicious sandwiches for lunch and traditional family style German specialities for dinner. Live accordion on weekends. Outside dining in the Biergarten.
Five Forks Market
Tapas-based cuisine plus a variety of sandwiches and soups. Extensive gourmet "to go" menu. Wine sales and free wine tasting Saturday afternoons.
Irish Rose Saloon
Cozy, neighborhood restaurant in downtown Rockford's River District offering fresh seafood, delicious appetizers and unique spirits.
JMK Nippon
Midwest's finest Japanese restaurant where they prepare your meal right before your eyes at the Teppan tables. Traditional seafood, steak and chicken dishes and sushi bar. There is also a karaoke bar.
Octane InterLounge
Upbeat, casual dining in downtown Rockford's River and theater district. Great appetizers, salads and entrees. Try the Espresso Martini! Plus, free wireless Internet access. Outdoor drinking and dining in season.
Giovanni's Restaurant & Big Al's Bar
A local favorite, Giovanni's Restaurant is known for its good food, service and competitive prices. Extensive banquet facilities. Big Al's Bar, an upscale entertainment and jazz bar, has a bar menu that includes pasta dishes, sandwiches appetizers & much more.
Kinnikinnick Farm
At Kinnikinnick Farm, you'll sleep in tents and feed off the land as you experience life in a more relaxed environment. This is a 30-acre organic market farm that sells organic produce to some of Chicago's best chefs and restaurants and direct to the public at the Evanston and the Chicago Green City Farmers Markets. In addition to organic vegetables, the farm produces eggs, raises chickens, and is the home for a small herd of sheep, hogs, 6 dogs, a rabbit named Bandit, and Shelly, the family's Nubian milk goat.
Shogun Japanese Restaurant
Highly skilled chefs prepare and demonstrate the art of Japanese cuisine right at your table.
Wind Ridge Herb Farm
Wind Ridge Herb Farm in Caledonia, IL grows over 400 varieties of culinary and medicinal herbs without the use of chemical fertilizers. The herbs produced by Wind Ridge Herb Farm are Certified Naturally Grown. They carry only natural products with no artificial dyes, preservatives, or additives; personally harvesting, inspecting, drying, and packaging the herbs in order to guarantee quality and freshness. The garden is available for meetings, tours, groups and catered lunches. Lunches are provided for groups of 8 or more, and include a garden tour.
Beef-A-Roo - Warehouse East
Not a chain, but a Rockford Original cooking it just for you. Sandwiches are made to order and the sides, including baked potatoes, are delicious. Each area location has its own, distinct personality.
Olympic Tavern
Friendly neighborhood place for drinks, pizza, homemade soup or full dinners. Steaks, chops, chicken, seafood, ribs, barbeque, pizza, pasta and salads. Patio dining in summer. Full bar.
Kuma's Asian Bistro
Executive Chef Kuma Kim, born and raised in Seoul, South Korea, has assembled a collection of Asian cuisine with emphasis on contemporary taste and popularity. Kuma's decades of experience in the restaurant business and her attention to customer satisfaction has positioned Kuma's as a restaurant dedicated to tasty food, excellent service, and memorable experience. Outside dining in season.
Hoffman House Restaurant
Continental cuisine, steaks and prime rib in a relaxed setting. Banquet facilities to 400 people. Full bar, plus Rockford's hottest sports bar, the Scoreboard. Inside the Holiday Inn, but owned separately.
Edwards Apple Orchard West
Edwards West is a popular destination for families to enjoy the sights, tastes, and activities of an apple orchard and farm market. For a fun family outing, enjoy the experience of picking your own apples, pumpkins and raspberries. Visit the play area featuring the wooden bus and train, the corn cribs, the wagon slide and our animals in the "Petting Farm." Stroll through the over 100 year old dairy barn with displays of bright colored apples, freshly squeezed cider, fresh apple cider donuts, and wonderful gift items that are on display.
HearthRock Café
The HearthRock Café is inside an upscale home furnishings and fireplace store, which was once a furniture factory and store with stone fireplaces, stone columns, carved balustrade, granite tables, and hardwood floors. Gourmet coffee and espresso, Belgian waffles and fresh bakery items are the norm for breakfast. Soups, salads, gourmet sandwiches and quiche are served at lunch.


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Flooded roads: 'Don't take the chance'
Wednesday - 1/30/2013, 8:39am EST
WASHINGTON - Rains that doused the region left roads flooded across the WTOP listening area, prompting flood warnings -- some into Saturday.
Flood warnings for Montgomery County
The National Weather Service extended until Friday morning a flood warning for Seneca Creek at Dawsonville. At 9 a.m. the creek was at 11.1 feet, and flood stage is 7.5 feet. The river will fall below flood stage Thursday afternoon.
A flood warning means that flooding is imminent or has been reported.
Flood warnings for Prince George's, Howard and Anne Arundel counties
The National Weather Service has extended a flood warning until 6:30 p.m. for the following areas:
- Extreme southwestern Anne Arundel County;
- Extreme south-central Howard County;
- Extreme northeastern Prince George's County.
The National Weather Service says at 10:31 a.m. water was being released from Brighton and Duckett dams on the Patuxent River.
Depending on how much water is released, the weather service says as a result, "significant high water, perhaps higher than has been experienced in many years is expected downstream of Duckett Dam along the Patuxent River."
The weather service says that depending on how much water is released, parts of Laurel and Bowie could flood.
Flooding also is possible later Thursday near Crofton, Bowie and Upper Marlboro as the Little Patuxent River empties into the Patuxent.
Flood warnings for Frederick County, Md.
In Frederick County, Md. a flood warning continues for the Monocacy River near Frederick. The river was 15.9 feet at 8 a.m., and flood stage is 15 feet. The river will fall below flood stage Thursday night.
Much of Pinecliff Park and Rivermist Park are flooded. The flood waters are approaching the parking lot of Buckeystown Community Park.
Frederick County has a number of flooded and blocked roads.
A flood warning for the Potomac River at Point of Rocks has been issued until Saturday evening.
Flood warnings for Loudoun County, Va.
In Loudoun County, there are flood warnings for small streams until 1 p.m. Thursday.
Smaller streams at 10:42 a.m. were about to crest, the National Weather Service reports. After cresting, they'll continue to fall through the afternoon.
A flood warning for Loudoun County's Goose Creek near Leesburg continues until late Thursday night.
The National Weather Service says at 9 a.m. the creek was at 17.9 feet. Flood stage is 12 feet.
Flood warnings for Culpeper and Fauquier counties
The flood warning continues for the Rapidan River near Culpeper until late Thursday. The river was at 13.4 feet at 10 a.m. and is expected to rise to near 14.2 feet. Flood stage is 13 feet.
The weather service extended until late Thursday a flood warning for the Rappahannock River at Remington.
Coastal flood advisories
The National Weather Service also posted a coastal flood advisory until 1 p.m. for D.C., Alexandria, Falls Church and Arlington.
In Rock Creek Park, Beach Drive is closed both ways from Franklin Street in Kensington, Md. to the D.C. line due to flooding.
In Potomac, Md., flooding has closed River Road in both directions west of Travilah Road at Pennyfield Lock Road.
Montgomery County has compiled a list of roads where high water is reported.
In Montgomery County, there have been seven water rescues since the flooding started.
Police and fire officials are warning drivers to use caution and not drive on flooded roads.
Montgomery County Assistant Fire Chief Scott Graham says most of the stranded drivers are people were "trying to give it a run" through roads that were clearly flooded.
"Don't take the chance. Find an alternate route," Graham tells WTOP.
"Certainly sitting in stranded water, waiting for us to rescue you that's going to take a lot more time," he says.
Graham tweeted this photo of one stranded driver.
This is Riffle Ford Rd btwRt. 118 and Darnestown Rd! Turn Around Don't Drown! Thx, Scott twitter.com /MCFirePIO/stat
— Scott Graham (@MCFirePIO) January 31, 2013
Fox5 has video of the Riffle Ford Road rescue:
DC Breaking Local News Weather Sports FOX 5 WTTG
"It takes only 6 inches of fast-moving flood water to knock over an adult and 2 feet to move a vehicle," says an early morning news release from Loudoun County.
The following Loudoun County roads are impacted due to flooding (as of 5 a.m.):
- Watson Rd. / Evergreen Mills Rd.
- Lime Kiln Rd. / Goose Creek Lane
- Hurley Lane & Clarkes Gap Rd.
- Rt. 50/Racefield Lane (high water in eastbound lanes)
- Evergreen Mills Rd./Rt. 659
- Crooked Bridge Lane/Lime Kiln Rd.
- Rt. 50/Sally Mill Rd.
- Evergreen Mills Rd./Arcola Rd.
- Masons Lane between Evergreen Mills Rd. and Gleedsville
- Thomas Ave. / Sugarland Run
- Braddock Rd./Hunters Trail Lane
- Snickersville Tpke. & Hibbs Bridge Rd.
- Belmont Ridge Rd. near Rt. 7 (closed between Rt. 7 and Gloucester Parkway)
- Shreve Mill Road/Sycolin Road
- Hampton Rd./Purple Martin Lane
- Allder School Rd. & Ketoctin Church Rd.
- E. Loudoun St. & Harry Byrd Hwy. (Route 7)- high water in lanes
- Limestone School Rd. and Old Dory Lane
- Shelburne Glebe Rd./North fork Goose Creek
- Rt. 15 NB & Montresor Rd (high water)
- Dunlop Mill Rd. & Harmony Church Rd.
White's Ferry across the Potomac River is temporarily closed due to flooding.
MARC has stopped all Brunswick Line trains. Trees are blocking the tracks between Gaithersburg and Washington Grove.
MARC is attempting to obtain buses, Metro will honor MARC tickets.
Specifically, MARC is holding Train 878 at Gaithersburg, Train 894 at Metropolitan Grove and Train 880 at Germantown.
The rain is gone but the region is under a wind advisory until 6 p.m.
Winds Thursday will be sustained at 25 mph to 35 mph with gusts to 45 mph. It will be sunny with highs of 44 to 49. Light snow and flurries late Thursday night, and light snow Friday morning. A coating of snow is possible Friday, with highs of 33 to 38.
Get the full forecast for the week from the WTOP Weather Center.
Several inches of rain fell across the region.
In Monrovia, 4.15 inches fell, as of 7 a.m. In Germantown, 4.17 inches fell, as of 6 a.m..
At Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, 1.14 inches were recorded, as of 4 a.m..
The National Weather Service has compiled th e unofficial rain totals for around the region.
Follow @WTOP on Twitter.
(Copyright 2013 by WTOP. All Rights Reserved.)


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Give to McCombs
Home · Executive Education Home · Executive Development Certificates · Supply Chain Management Certificate
Success in today's marketplace requires that organizations deliver goods and services that provide easily identified value for their customers. The Supply Chain Management Certificate program gives you the tools and ideas that help shape and define the various components of value creation.
Earning a Supply Chain Management Certificate requires completing four core courses and two electives (selected from a set of four choices). The courses may be taken in any order and participants have two years to complete the requirements. Begin by selecting a course below:
To enroll online, click the button below then select the appropriate Certificate program and choose at least one program date to start your certificate series. An email confirmation will be sent when your registration is processed.
Participants earn 1.4 CEUs or 14 CPEs for each completed course. Participants earn 8.4 CEUs or 84 CPEs for the entire certificate series.
A certificate of completion will be presented at the end of each course. Upon completion of the certificate series, you will receive a framed Institute for Managerial Leadership from Texas Executive Education, McCombs School of Business, and a complimentary one-year membership in the Texas Exes. Texas Exes is a great way of making and keeping connections as well as receiving deals and discounts that are only available to members.


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Perry Ellis brought a new look to American sportswear. One of the most popular designers in the 1980s, Ellis took traditional styles and made them designer chic. His clothes were relaxed and unpretentious, but also sophisticated and timeless.
Ellis has been recognized for his innovative styles. His award winning designs led him to introduce the Perry Ellis Portfolio and Perry Ellis America, which broadened his customer base significantly. His vibrant and innovative swimwear collection is focused on bringing fashion-forward designs to the modern woman.
The brand's mission is to create the best possible styles to meet the new and ever-changing needs of the customer. Perry Ellis™ now has over 1 billion dollars in annual retail sales, 36 licensees, 23 international stores, and distribution in over 50 countries.


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Forever young: Senior celebs still working
POSTED: 07:08 AM PDT Apr 06, 2012
UPDATED: 11:00 PM PST Dec 08, 2014
Celebrity may seem like a young person's game, but there are many celebrity senior citizens still out there working who would beg to differ.
The views expressed are not those of this company or its affiliated companies. Please note by clicking on "Post" you acknowledge that you have read the Terms Of Service and the comment you are posting is in compliance with such terms.
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The Writing Contests, Grants & Awards database includes details about the creative writing contests—including poetry contests, short story competitions, essay contests, awards for novels, and more—that we've published in Poets & Writers Magazine during the past year. We carefully review the practices and policies of each contest before including it. Ours is the most trusted resource for legitimate writing contests available anywhere.
Sponsor and Award | Entry Fee | Genre | Cash Prize | Prize includes | Application Deadline |
Virginia Commonwealth University Levis Reading Prize A prize of $2,000 and an all-expenses-paid trip to give a reading in Richmond is given annually for a first or second book of poetry published during the previous year. Faculty of the MFA program in... |
$0 | Poetry | $2,000 | Reading | 2/1/15 |
Virginia Commonwealth University Cabell First Novelist Award A prize of $5,000 is given annually for a first novel published during the previous year. The winner and the winner's editor and agent also receive an all-expenses-paid trip to the First Novelist Festival... |
$0 | Fiction | $5,000 | 1/14/15 |


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- Home >Business Notebooks >Cambridge® Limited Special Edition Pink QuickNotes® Business Notebooks
Item #06512
Mead®Cambridge® Limited Special Edition Pink QuickNotes® Business Notebooks
Color Choices:
ACCO Brands, the maker of AT-A-GLANCE® products, supports the battle against breast cancer. Since 2008, over $1,500,000 has been donated to City of Hope for breast cancer research, treatment and education.
Recycled product. Contains paper with at least 30.0% post-consumer material. Learn More
- For more information about City of Hope, please visit www.cityofhope.org
- 80 ruled sheets
- Features a QuickNotes writing area at the bottom of each page
- Available as an Assortment (Black and Pink)
- Consider pairing the planner cover 80PJ20 with this item to help you keep organized and for a great stylish look
- FORMAT Undated
- PAGE SIZE 8 1/2" x 11"
- SIZE 9 3/16" x 11" x 9/16"
- RULING Ruled
- BINDING Wirebound
- STYLE Business Notebook
- PRODUCT LICENSE City of Hope