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Front Back Side View larger Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Mono subwoofer amplifier 300 watts RMS x 1 at 2 ohms (New Stock) Item #: 575P3001P 60 Reviews This item is no longer available. Original Price: $179.99 Shop all Car Amplifiers Need help? 1.888.955.6000 Email Chat Ask an expert advisor No pressure, no commission — just lots of good advice from our highly trained staff.
by Buck Pomerantz Rockford Fosgate Punch amps Rockford Fosgate continues to develop progressive sound technologies. Their aim to produce a smaller amplifier, with all the power and clarity you expect from the Punch name. Dynamic Thermal Management The award-winning "Dynamic Thermal Management" 3-stage cooling system uses forced air to dissipate heat evenly across the amp and out through the heatsink. The internal components in these compact amps stay cooler, resulting in higher efficiency and lower distortion. You get more installation options, without sacrificing wattage or audio quality. MEHSA cooling process MEHSA is a Rockford Fosgate proprietary process that increases the heat transfer from the MOSFET devices to the heatsink. This allows the heat to escape more readily from the amplifier, so that the transistors stay cooler. P300-1 Punch performance The P300-1 mono amplifier dispenses up to 300 watts RMS to your subwoofer or speaker system, and you can tailor the sound with variable-frequency high- and low-pass filters. The onboard variable bass boost lets you add some low-frequency punch to compensate for your car's acoustics. An optional wired remote control lets you tweak the sound from the front seat for quick adjustments while you're on the road. Product Highlights:mono subwoofer amplifier150 watts RMS x 1 at 4 ohms (300 watts RMS x 1 at 2 ohms)CEA-2006 compliantDynamic Thermal Management cooling systemvariable high- and low-pass filters (50-500 Hz, 12 dB/octave)variable bass/treble boost (0-18 dB at 45 Hz, 0-12 dB at 12K Hz)optional wired remote bass boostClass-AB amplifier designMOSFET power and output stages4-gauge power and ground leads and a 60-amp fuse recommended wiring and hardware not included with amplifierno on-board fuses when installing multiple amps in a system, an additional 60-amp in-line fuse between the distribution block and the amplifier is recommended8-15/16"W x 2-1/4"H x 8-1/2"Dwarranty: 1 yearOur 60-day money-back guarantee My system has plenty of power. Who needs an amp? You might think you don't need an amp because you have a 400-watt system in your car, or because your new stereo puts out 50 watts a channel. But those are peak wattage ratings, which may boil down to 15 or 20 watts per channel, using the more realistic RMS rating. An amp sends your speakers the power they need to deliver your music with clarity and impact, whether you're using factory speakers or high-performance components. And low-frequency reproduction requires lots of power, so an amp is an absolute must if you're adding a sub to your system.
work in progress Written By GeorgeD, Atlanta, GA on Tuesday, April 09, 2013 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Looks lik a great Amp. Good Hook ups Havn't hooked it up yet, still running wires properly with spare time. Can't wait to finally hook up this weekend. The final say so will be then but im reviewing now. Pros: Rockford Fosgate Cons: N/A
Powerful and clean Written By Tyler S, Brunswick, MD on Friday, November 30, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This thing really packs a punch. It's compact and fits nicely on the side of my 12" box (got a RF P300-2 on the other side) Pros: Size, looks, doesn't get hot, good value. Cons: None.
Great amp Written By lynrd63, Austin on Saturday, November 17, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I got this amp to replace a 600w off brand mono amp that fried in less than a year. It's powering a single kicker 10 jn. comp VR. Wow! What a difference! This amp is half the size and packs way more punch. The spec sheet puts it at 410w rms. I also ordered the Rockford Fosgate PEQ Amp Remote Control to go with it, and I am more than happy with the performance, and easy adjustment. Would highly recommend this combo! Pros: Small, but packs a punch, easily adjustable with matching remote. Great value for the money. Cons: None
Lots of bass Written By Pete, Lawrenceville, GA on Tuesday, October 30, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This amp thumps, plain and simple. I have it matched with 2 Rockford R1S410 - 10" subs in a sealed 1 cubic ft box and I couldn't be happier. It's VERY important to match the Speakers to the right box and then the amp to the speakers or else it won't sound like it should. I would definitely buy again. The Crutchfield advisors can help you do this.
Good Punch Written By Tom, Reno, NV on Saturday, October 13, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Great power for little price. I use mine with 2 - 8" JL Audio woofers in a custom box in my Dodge Dakota ext cab. With the limited space I get excellent bass with this package. Very reliable and well worth the money.
the punch Written By Juan, Hartford, CT on Sunday, September 23, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) bought my first p300-1 last year....paired with a sub....decided to buy a another amp and sub.....i have no complaints...my music rocks....i have it on 2ohms....whoa!!!! Pros: even in hot weather doesn't cut off(overheats)..... Cons: the signal knobs are hard to get to but i can live with it
mono Written By T, Marion, IN on Sunday, August 05, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Very nice looking little monoblock. No real complaints so far. (~3weeks) Pros: Clean look Mounting hardware included Multiple indicator lights Heatsink is much more efficient than my last (old school alpine) Cons: Can't turn EQ off IMO, gain, EQ, etc "knobs" should be set to point with the screwdriver (not some hard to see indentation)
Punch 300-1 Written By Brent, Phoenix AZ on Thursday, June 28, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have this amp bridged, driving a single 8" JL audio sub in the factory sub box in my 2004 F150 SuperCrew. The amount of power is probably a little overkill but I have the gained turned down most of the way. So far, I could not be happier. This combination is creating more bass than I expected and sound quality is also very good. I think this is a great little amp for my application. I cannot comment on durability since it is so new but build quality seems very good. Pros: Build quality, Price, ease of install, nice terminal connections Cons: None so far
:D Written By Miguel, Long Beach, CA on Tuesday, June 26, 2012 This amp is like an incredible hulk miniun. Running this to a P3D4-10 at 4ohm, gains at its lowest with 1/4 of punch eq and my sub flexes like a beast. This amp is well worth your money without a doubt. Birth sheet rated 247@4ohm Pros: Everything this amp contains is a pro..and its so small its great Cons: Piano black gloss face is a scratch magnet but i dont care
Best so far! Written By Tacky, North Carolina on Friday, June 22, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I purchased this amp to power (2) JL 10w0, 3-4's in a subthump sealed box, and I couldn't be happier. This amp replaced my 12 year old PPI2360 2 channel and it was no comparison. The P300-1 is only set to half gain and the old 2360 was almost maxed out to produce the same output. The PPI 2360 was rated at 90 watts x 2 @ 4ohms and 180 x2 @ 2 ohms, and the P300-1 is stronger. Trust me this amp has enough power to push 12's or maybe even 15's. This amp is crystal clear, with no distortion or motor noises and after a couple hours of tweaking it never got in my opinion hot as the old punch 40 and 60, I used to own many years ago, or any of my past amps. I have this amp running 2 ohms with the (2) 4 ohm JL's and paired to a AVH 2400 BT Pioneer receiver. It is smaller in size than my old amp and could easily be placed under a seat. I can't find any negatives to it, and I am a VERY picky person. Only thing I would recommend to buy extra is the PEQ amp remote if your using the amp for subwoofers. It makes changes to different types of music way better than tweaking the radio or tweaking the amp under a seat. I have been messing with car systems since 1993, and over that course have had dealings with Rockford Fosgate, PPI, Memphis, Soundstream, Sony, JVC, Orion, Hifonics, Pioneer, Alpine, Autotek, and Kicker equipment, and so far this has been the best amp yet for me! The Punch 400-1 is my next purchase for my second vehicle. Keep up the outstanding work RF and Crutchfield. Pros: More powerful than much larger sized amps in its power classes, easy to mount in ares where before you couldn't. Amp was birth sheet rated at 413 watts at 2 ohms and max rating of 1235 watts, so way more power than is advertised. Lower price than similiar amps in its class. No distortion with street wires RCA's, Add on PEQ remote makes the bass +/- 12 db adjustment easy from the driver seat. Just a great amp. Cons: Wish it came with the PEQ amp remote, but its not that much extra to add. Only negative is that this amp loves power, so if your running the system hard without the vehicle running have jumper cables handy, not a problem if the vehicle is running. This is to be expexcted with any amps and power hungry subs though.
Rockford Punch Written By Bumpy McBumperson, Dallas, Tx on Friday, June 22, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This is a wonderful amp that does what it promises. The guys from Crutchfield were the only ones that saw the problem with my former amp and steered me to this one. It came to my home promptly and in perfect condition. I paired it with a 10" Rockford R2D4 subwoofer. Pros: All good so far. Good Bump Cons: The remote did not come with this amp and must be purchased for $25. I had one from an earlier amp (2004), but only 2007 and up will fit today's amps.
Awesome amp! Written By Vince, Jacksonville, FL on Sunday, June 17, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This is a really great product, it goes well with my 10" Kicker Solo-Baric Classic sub. It was a nice surprise to see that this amp is actually putting out 412w! It is very underrated at only 300w. Rockford Fosgate has made yet another great product with this piece! Pros: Very powerful, Great value Cons: Didnt come with any stickers for my car
Rockford is HANDSDOWN the best!! Written By Justin Kyle, New Boston, TX on Monday, March 26, 2012 I have this amp pushing my RF P3 12" and it pushes it hard. My birthsheet stated this amp at 423w at 2 ohm and yet this thing is SO small. It gets hot but only after hours of playing and has never shut off on me. If your wanting just a power packed little amp, then this most def the best amp, super cheap and it'll make any sub sound great!! Pros: Compact, Sexy, Power, POWER, and Rockford Fosgate badge Cons: NONE
Very good for the price Written By Corey S, Columbus, OH on Thursday, March 15, 2012 I have tried a few different brand amps and by far will always go with Rockford Fosgate. I am really impressed with the performance of this amp. Very good item. Pros: Power. Small Cons: None
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Anonymous, Austin, Tx on Thursday, February 09, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Great amp for the price. Actually pushes out over 400watts RMS. Comes with a "birth certificate" to prove it. Hooked it up to two R2D2 10" in a sealed box (bridged mono 2ohms). Don't know if you can get a better amp for $200. Pros: Small size makes it easy to mount just about anywhere.
Great little amp! Written By Mike P., Tallahassee, Fla. on Thursday, February 02, 2012 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have this amp connected to an Infinity 120.9 sub switched for 2-Ohms impedance, and it rocks. Amp doesn't overheat or cut out, even when mounted in an enclosed space. I've been using Fosgate products since the late 70s, and they remain top-notch. I can say the same for Crutchfield, too; they simply are the best in the business. Hats off to Fosgate and Crutchfield!
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Neva, Philly on Wednesday, January 04, 2012 this little amp is a powerhouse. i'm currently running a 2ohm load into a pair of kicker 10" solo baric L3's and as soon as the sun comes up today i'm gonna have to turn the gain down on this puppy because its driving THAT hard. i've always been a fosgate fan and this amp didn't disappoint nor will it break your wallet. best bang for your buck.
Little amp Big Punch Written By DaleP, kennesaw Ga on Friday, October 07, 2011 Ive got this punch 300 pushing two 10" p-2 4ohm subs and this amp makes those subs pound! my freinds can hear me from a ways off, and the price for this amp is unbeatable for what you are getting its called a 300 watt rms amp mine came with a test sheet showing it pushes 416 watts rms at 2ohms and peaks at nearly 1300 watts this is just an incredible amp!
Turn the Knock Up! Written By ML Dub, E-Town, Ky on Monday, September 12, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I really had my doubts about the amp, but it has really been doing its job. I have it hooked up to a single Rockford Fosgate P3 Ported sub and it knocks. Even when its turned down low the bass still hits hard. I would recommend this amp to anybody do not let the size fool you it does pack a punch
Solid Written By piecrazy47, Indianapolis on Monday, September 05, 2011 Wow, great amp, i've got it powering two mtx tt65's in my regular cab dakota. this amp is pushing them hard,it gets hot but hasn't shut off. i'll only buy rockford fosgate from now on.
Awesome amp! Written By WeZ, IN on Monday, August 22, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Bought the p300-1 to power (2) 10" Fosgate 4 ohm subs. Wired for 2 ohm load, and wow does this little amp bump those subs well! Oh, as a bonus....this amp is rated at 300 watts RMS with 2 ohm load....tech sheet from RF shows it actually tested at 409 watts RMS! Cool! Great purchase from a great company! Crutchfield has a customer for life!
Works Great! Written By Seth B, Southport, IN on Sunday, August 21, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have this amp powering my 12" Kicker CompVR and have had no problems yet. I drive 2 hours to and from work and have the music blasting all the way but it never shuts off despite how hot it gets. I thought the price was fair and as always the shipping from Crutchfield was well packed and fast delivery.
seriously? Written By richie3102, Cincinnati, Ohio on Sunday, July 17, 2011 all i can say is wow. I have this little amp pushing 2 kicker comp 15's! it runs cool and never shuts off. im so impressed with rockford fosgate, they have my business from now on. my fuel pump safety switch keeps tripping it is so loud. great buy.
Good things come in small packages Written By DougL, Lancaster, PA on Thursday, June 16, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I purchased this amp to power my Rockford P1 12" and it works great! Puts out plenty of power for my sub and makes the sub sound amazing. Great amp to add to a single sub for some great bass!
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By WesleyH, Ellisville ,MS on Monday, April 04, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This amp is great! I have it pushing a pair of Kicker 10" subs (that i also purchased from Crutchfield) paired with a Pioneer supertuner (that i also purchased from Crutchfield) and the sound is great! You can't go wrong with Rockford Fosgate!
Fosgate is all I use now Written By Grant, Atlanta on Thursday, February 24, 2011 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I have this amp running two fosgate P1S412's and I have no complaints. The subs are wired in a parallel circuit to the amp and they pound hard. If you want reliable sound system equipment, you cant go wrong with anything fosgate.
more than expected Written By JT, Va Beach, VA on Wednesday, December 29, 2010 I drive a hatchback so I don't need much for bass. I've been running a 150rms mtx rt-202 to a single 12" kicker 150rms in a ported box. I replaced the amp with the p-300 and the bass is awesome now (and thats with very conservative tuning). The spec sheet rated it at 247rms/4-ohm load and 416/2-ohm load. I have nothing negative to say about it, and I'll be sticking with rockford fosgate after this upgrade.
Fosgate still rocks Written By Buddy, Lawton, OK on Monday, October 04, 2010 I have been using Fosgate amps since the early 90's and they are top quality. Just to brag on Fosgate a little, I have two Power 500bd amps in my truck that were purchased in 2001 that are paired with a Punch 400.4 from around the same time that I pump daily. Now to the Punch 300, I actually bought this amp to run a sub in my boat that until now was being powered by a Punch 40 that I have had since about 1992, yeah 1992. That is how reliable Fosgate amps are, anyways the Punch 300 is running a Kicker marine sub that can handle 150 watts RMS. I have the gain about half way up and that is about all the Kicker sub can handle but it sounds great. Vibrates the entire deck on my pontoon boat.
High quality power on-the-cheap Written By Steven, MT on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Hooked this up to a Boston Accoustics G3 10" sub at 2 ohms and it seems to be just perfectly matched. At first it ran very hot (never thermalled, but got very hot several times) but after a while it started running very good temperatures. I don't know if it was a break-in period for the amp or if I had the settings tweaked wrong at first but after a few days I'm getting just barely 100 degrees listening to music at reasonable volumes and 140 when maxed out. My birth sheet says that in testing it did 419 Watts RMS and 1257 peak. The Punch EQ is great for adjusting the sound of the bass, turning it up gives the sub more punch but turn it up too high and it sounds like the bass is forced and doesn't flow from the woofer like it should. The remote EQ is a nice addition but once you find the sweet spot you don't really need to adjust it. It is a very compact unit considering the power and price, but still quite heavy. Most of the parts you see are covered in a nice, glossy black cover and makes for a system you can really show off. My biggest complaint is that it doesn't have it's own fuse, but it's no big deal. Overall it is a compact, classy-looking, powerful, reliable, and efficient amp at a good price. If you're looking for a mono amp in the 300-400 watt range then look no further, this will not disappoint!
Awesome Written By Eric, VA on Thursday, July 29, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Awesome little amp. It produces a ton of power-the sheet that came with it says it's rated at 418 watts RMS! Paired it with a 10" MTX thunder sub, sounds great. After reading all the other 5 star reviews I was sold.
Wonderful Choice Written By Anonymous, Knoxville, TN on Tuesday, July 27, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought this amp to power my Rockford Fosgate P2 10 inch subwoofer my girlfriend bought me for Christmas. After having it hooked up for a few weeks now I have to say I'm very impressed. The amp makes the sub sound perfect, and is an excellent addition to my system. One thing I would recommend is not to overdo it, one sub and amp should be plenty enough to make any car sound great.
Powerful amp. Excellent cooling Written By Andy, Baltimore on Friday, July 09, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) This amp powers a P3 10" Rockford sub in my '03 Tundra, and makes the sub SLAM. I also have it stored under the rear seat in a compartment, and although the outside of the amp gets fairly hot, I havent had any overheating problems, and obviously tons of power is getting to the sub. This amp is rated at 300 watts RMS, but the 'Birth sheet' that comes in the box shows that it actually puts out 420 watts RMS! Thats pretty sick when you think yur getting a 300 watt amp and you get an extra 120 watts for free! Overall a fantastic sub, kudos to Rockford for making a quality product.
Seriously...WOW. Written By Joey, Columbia, SC on Friday, June 04, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) All the other posters arent crazy. This amp is nuts. I have it under the back seat of my 2000 Jeep Grand Cherokee. I already had an Infinity Gold system powering all of my mid and hi-range speakers, so I added 2 RF Punch S1 10" subs to balance out the lows. I thought this amp would be perfect, and it has been, but geez I cant even turn it up AT ALL. I am lucky that the lowest setting is optimal, because it's almost literally too powerful. However, I am thoroughly enjoying some clean, crisp bass on the All Pass crossover, and I dont even have very nice subs. The amp is very impressive, and Crutchfield is the only company I ever have or ever WILL buy from when it comes to car audio. Customer service is AMAZING. Love you guys!
Wow Written By Chris, Missoula, MT on Saturday, May 29, 2010 I have two of these in my 89 Chevy K1500 Standard Cab. One powers two Alpine type E's in ported boxes behind the bench seat and the other powers two Kicker CVR DVC 8" in sealed boxes underneath the bench seat. It is unbelievable. Just pure pounding. I don't even have the amps turned up. Both are set at 7 volts for gain, all pass for the crossover and the bass knobs are all the way down. When I turn them both up I worry that something on my truck may fall off. WOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Jon, Cincinnati, OH on Friday, April 09, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) First I have to thank Crutchfield for being the ONLY company I've ever ordered from online that has NEVER screwed up and order I've placed! Thank you so much! I could not be happier with your service & the product i got. My amp & wire kit came the same day it was expected & in perfect shape. I'll always shop here from you. Second. As for this RF amp,... Well lets just say its so awesome my poor 12" sub isn't gonna last long with that baby feeding it. That amp is WAY under rated. Looks like I'll be ordering a new sub from Crutchfield here shortly.
Excellent Amp Written By Forrest, San Antonio, Tx on Friday, April 02, 2010 I bought this amp about a month ago and have it running two p1 12's in my 2001 Ford Explorer. This amp is great. It powers the subs beautifully. I will never buy any amps or subs other than Fosgate. Check out refurbs to save money. Go Crutchfield!! Go Rockford!!
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Anonymous, DV, Ft Campbell, KY on Sunday, March 07, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought this amp to replace a 13 yr old amp that I burnt by connecting a shorted sub by mistake. The PVC stated that it puts out 417 RMS @ 2ohms. Let me tell you that this little thing rocks! Very small foot print, easily installed under a seat, with a flat top that don't get caught in wires or cables hanging from the seat. I have played it for about a week now and I would recommend this to anyone running a single or dual sub system.
If your interested in this amp and you read my story and don't buy it Written By bumpbumpbumpitup, Gardner,IL on Saturday, March 06, 2010 So i bought this amp in december of 08. the price of the amp is great it replaced a pretty old mtx thunder i had it running a fosgate punch e2 and an audiobahn se 04 not a great combo but man they pounded in my lesabre but unfortunately a year later i crashed my car into a tree... trunk first... the amp got smashed between the trunk and my box it wasnt lookin pretty but i let a guy use it and it STILL WORKED like it was brand new i got the amp back 7 months later when i got a car and put it on the same subs and guess what IT WAS STILL POUNDING this amp is prolly one of the best if not thee best well built powerful small amps of its kind and class YOU WILL NOT GO WRONG WITH THIS AMP IT WILL NEVER LET YOU DOWN I GUARUNTEE IT
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Anonymous, Ohio on Monday, February 22, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) First impressions out of the box were that this amp is definitely solid and seems like quality. I was even more impressed that it came with a tech-spec sheet where they had previously tested the amp before sending it out. The spec sheet showed that this little amp pushed out over 1200 watts of peak power and the RMS was consistently over 400 watts instead of the 300 as it is rated! I can't wait to hook this thing up to my subs and see how it really performs.
awesome Written By Anonymous, ga bloomingdale on Wednesday, February 03, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) man this is a awesome amp , im pushing 2 shollow 10 inch subs , its plenty of power!!! shipping was fast to , thanks crutchfield ;)
Why'd they spend all the time on cooling? Written By Cmac06, Alabaster, Al on Saturday, January 23, 2010 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I play this thing loud all the time pushing a 2 ohm load, and it barely even feels warm. I read all the information on mounting this with plenty of ventilation to ensure that it would have sufficient cooling room, but they have done an excellent job ensuring that it runs efficiently. The amp is also extremely underrated. The units consistently produce more than the rated output, and RF puts the actual specs for each unit in the box.
perfect amp Written By neil, atlanta, GA on Thursday, December 03, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) i purchased this amp about 3 months ago and paired it with an alpine head unit and it is powering a JL w1. this amp was by far the best decision ive ever made on my car audio system. the amp is very small and can fit under most seats and trunks. it packs a huge punch and can drive anything from an 8 inch sub to two 15's. i have it inside of an acura integra and the sound is just incredible. not only is it a great price, but it is a great piece of equipment. if you are looking for a strong amp that fits the budget, this is for you. you WILL NOT be dissappointed.
Powerful amp!! Written By Anonymous, Ohio on Monday, November 23, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Don't let the small size of the amp fool you. It's extrememly powerful. I put it on a 12" P2 sub and I have to keep the amps gain less than half up. It puts out alot of power. Now I need a more powerful sub so I can push this amp to it's limit. Very impressed! Crutchfield was great as well, shipped in 2 days.
Rockford Fosgate Punch P300-1 Written By Eric, Cleveland, OH on Monday, November 16, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Small footprint, Big performance. I really like this amp. It fits very nicely under my seat with plenty of breathing room. The optional wired remote is a great addition...I highly recommend it. It's pushing 2 Rockford 12" P1's and they sound great!
Nice Amp!! Written By Jerry, Texas on Monday, October 05, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Initially got this amp in the bass package that came with two fosgate P1 12's and then I decided to go a little crazy with it and I purchased two Fosgate P1, 15 inch subs in a ported box. I was worried about having enough power for the 15's but as I had hoped, this P300-1 gives the 15's all they can handle. My system will now get louder than I ever wanted it too. When people see my system they say "That little amp is making those 15's hit like that?" I have them in a jeep commander and it makes the roof of the jeep bow up. I like this amp more than any other I have ever had. I also have the optional wired remote and recommend it.
premium Written By kelley, Tulsa OK on Friday, August 28, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I bought to replace my current amp just for more boom. It is very impressive for the price
Solid Written By Darren, Celina, OH on Sunday, August 02, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) Goes great with: Rockford Fosgate P1L-1X12
Packs serious Punch Written By joe, somewher ein delaware on Monday, July 20, 2009 I have the amp running from a pioneer avh3100dvd tied up to a rockford fosgate punch p2d410 in a vented box. The EQ remote makes a HUGE difference and i highly reccomend it. the 300wRMS rating is conservative at best, it puts out easily 400 at peak.
Flawless!!! Written By Gilbert, Wildwood, MO on Thursday, July 16, 2009 iv owned this amp for almost a year now and have have never had a problem with it, no over heating or breaking at all!!!! i first had it powering 2 10" P1s but have since bought a new car and have it powering 1 10" MB Quart Discus sub in a ported box in a 2005 Cobalt everything else is stock and it sounds amazing!!!! this amp is just perfect!!
What A Punch! Written By Jeremy, Saint Paul. MN on Monday, June 29, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I read the reviews on this Amp before I purchased it and they are all correct this little amp packs quite a punch. Very underrated for its size. I have it hooked up to one Boston Acotisics G2 12" sub and I cannot believe how hard it hits. I'm completly satisfied and would tell anyone not to hesitate to buy this Tiny Giant you will not be disappointed!
Best deal going Written By troyce, Charlestown, NH on Sunday, June 28, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) I recently bought this amp on Crutchfield's reccomendation, and boy did they get this one right. I was skeptical at first, Rockford's quality has been suspect in recent years, and I was afraid to give them a chance. But let me tell you, this is one quality piece, especially for what they are currently selling for. I am using it to power my Boston single 10" DVC sub, and this thing rocks! Tons of tight, accurate bass, and it fits under the seat of my 08 Nissan Frontier perfectly. Buy this amp, you won't be disappointed!
little big amp Written By spurfish, San Antonio, TX on Thursday, May 28, 2009 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) WOW, step back just put this amp in with 2 10" fosgate subs a blaupunkt stereo, and this little amp is kicken my f150 supercrew hard core. great buy thanks to crutchfield I saved big time and easy install..
Satisfied Written By gjoachim, California on Thursday, May 07, 2009 Decided on this amp after reading these very same reviews... I combined it w/ a single JL 12" W1 series 300w subwoofer in my honda civic. This setup is replacing 2 12" subs w/ a 4 channel amp bridged to them which bumped LOUD (perhaps unneccessarily loud, and took up all my trunk space). I've only had this new setup in for a day and i'm loving it. The bass is super clear and plenty loud, allows me to feel the bass w/ classic rock, punk rock, whatever, and really roars when you throw on some reggae or rap. Can rattle your mirrors and still sound nice. I'd suggest it.
A perfect Match for P2s and more Written By Steve, Dothan AL on Wednesday, February 18, 2009 I made this purchase for my son's first ride and paired it with a single P2 10. Everyone believes he has a pair of 12s because of the gut wrenching sound inside the Mercury Mountaineer. I used a local shop for the installation, and they handle Fosgate through the store. The installers claim that the AMP can push 2 equally as impressive.
Amazing amp Written By Andrew, Warwick, RI on Friday, January 09, 2009 I've got this amp hooked up in my Nissan Sentra for a year now with a Pioneer DEH-5000UB Head unit and a Rockford P2D412 wired at two OHM in a ported box and with my sub set a zero and WOW. My friends have told me it sounds like its rattling my car to pieces. So if your looking for something good that's really small in size but sounds like it has more power than what Rockford printed on it this is what your looking for.
Pounds clean Written By Jeff, Menifee, CA on Wednesday, December 17, 2008 I have this amp powering a single 10" Rockford Fosgate P2 in a sealed enclosure. It is very clean, and hits hard and DEEP. The 2007 and up models by RF are very much a return to the RF quality of old. I love this amp. I can feel the music in my chest! No regrets.
Great Amp Written By theboy272002, mount vernon, ohio on Wednesday, November 26, 2008 Crutchfield Customer Review (What's this?) The P300-1 is powering my 10inch JBL sub and it has plenty of power and to push it to the limit and it wont distort the music in anyway! Great amps if i must say!
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Great Little AMP - P300.1 Written By Hector, Pasadena, CA on Monday, October 29, 2007 My hat goes off to Rock Fosgate for their Punch P300-1, they never let me down before and they delivered big time with P300.1. I am pushing a JL Audio 10W3v3-4 and I am extremely pleased. SPL is so high at times that I am afraid that have to lower the volume. It is hard to believe that this little amp produces that much power. I like this amp so much that I am going to purchase another one for other car.
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I know the Legend books do this as well as Years Best Fantasy and Horror (to a certain degree) but are there any other anthologies that focus primarily on traditional fantasy? I know "traditional fantasy" can be a gray and subjective area, but for the purpose of this thread, I mean, medieval setting, magic, swords, traditional fantasy characters and creatures.
This: http://www.amazon.com/Swords-Dark-M...=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1332967886&sr=1-1 This one is a reprint anthology coming out soon from Tachyon, lots of big genre names: http://www.amazon.com/Sword-Sorcery...=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1332967934&sr=1-3 For some variety, try the Warriors anthology edited by Martin and Dozois.
Marion Zimmer Bradley's Sword & Sorceress series is up to something like 25 volumes now. I've fallen behind in reading them since they had a bit of a hiatus following MZB's death, but I always enjoyed the variety in the ones I did read.
If you're willing to go to the Swords 'n' Sorcery end of fantasy, there are the Ballantine collections of Robert E. Howard's Conan stories. There's also Midnight Sun that collects all the stories of Kane by Karl Edward Wagner. That one might be difficult to find, in spite of an SFBC edition. This is tough because most collections and anthologies I've seen have a mix of fantasy stories or concentrate on various types of fantasy (Weird Tales style, Unknown style, urban fantasy, S&S, etc.). For instance, while David Drake's "The Barrow Troll" comes to mind, it's in Balefires, a collection that includes s.f. and horror. And, too, most of the writers from the 1970s on who concentrated on epic/heroic/Tolkein-esque/pick-today's-descriptive focused mainly on the novel. Perhaps a bit more toward epic fantasy would be collections by Lord Dunsany. There seem to have been a bazillion of them over the years, but most that I've seen have a mix of high fantasy and fantasy set in or near Dunsany's time period. There's also the anthology, Tales Before Tolkein edited by Douglas Anderson and published by Ballantine/Del Rey. How "traditional" that is, I can't say since I haven't read the entire book. There's also Giant Bones, stories taking placein the same world as The Innkeeper's Song by Peter Beagle. That may be closer to what you're asking for, but Beagle doesn't write in the bigger-than-life tradition of Tolkein and later epic writers. There's also Harrowing the Dragon, a collection by Patricia McKillop; I've only read "Lady of the Skulls" (a terrific short story), so I can't say if the entire collection is what you're looking for. Randy M.

subset: commoncrawl


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Eric Shinohara, MD, MSCI
The Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: March 8, 2008
The retinoblastoma gene is a type of gene known as a "tumor suppressor gene." Tumor suppressor genes act as a "brake" on cell division. The retinoblastoma gene is present in all cells of the body. If an unwanted mutation forms in one of the cells of the body, the retinoblastoma protein (also known as pRB) acts as a brake to prevent that mutant cell from dividing. However, if the retinoblastoma gene is damaged (mutated), a defective pRB may be produced and the cell can then divide unchecked, leading to cancer.
Retinoblastoma arises from the retina of the eye; it affects one eye in approximately 75% of cases, and both eyes in 25% of cases. It causes a tumor to form within the eye, which can then grow and destroy the internal structures of the eye. It can also spread to other areas such as the eye socket, brain, lungs, and bones. However, retinoblastoma is generally limited to the eye, and 90% of children who develop retinoblastoma are cured.
Retinoblastoma is the most common childhood cancer involving the eye. Having said that, it is still relatively uncommon among all childhood cancers, making up about 3% of all childhood cancers in children less than 15 years old. It is diagnosed in about 4 out of every million children per year. Although retinoblastoma can be diagnosed at any age, most children are diagnosed before the age of 2, and about 95% of cases are diagnosed in children younger than 5 years of age.
Retinoblastoma is thought to occur based on the "two-hit" hypothesis. There are two copies of the retinoblastoma gene in each cell, and in order for retinoblastoma to occur, both copies of this gene need to be defective. There are two patterns of retinoblastoma that can occur: an inheritable, or germline form (40% of cases), and a sporadic form (60% of cases). There are two ways that the inheritable form can occur. One way is through direct inheritance of one defective gene from a parent, which causes about 25% of the inheritable cases of the disease. This also means that one parent is a "carrier" of the defective gene. However, if the parent never developed a second retinoblastoma mutation, he or she would have never manifested any symptoms of the disease. Hence, there may not be a family history, even though one of the parents is a carrier, and indeed less than 10% of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma have a family history of the disease. The second way is through a germline mutation of one copy of the retinoblastoma gene, which causes about 75% of the inheritable form of the disease. A germline mutation occurs when the retinoblastoma gene is mutated during conception, and this new mutation can then affect all cells in the body. Hence, all children with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma already have one defective retinoblastoma gene, and only one additional mutation is required to cause the disease. In the sporadic form of the disease, the child does not inherit a defective copy of the gene, and thus in order for the child to develop the disease, two "hits" are required to cause defects in the two normal copies of the retinoblastoma gene.
The inheritable and sporadic forms of retinoblastoma also manifest themselves in different fashions. Either form of retinoblastoma can affect just one eye. However, only the inheritable form of retinoblastoma can cause disease in both eyes. The inheritable form of the disease causes tumors in one eye about 15% of the time, tends to occur at an earlier age, and is associated with multiple tumors in the eye. As the inheritable form tends to occur in younger children, infants presenting with one or both eyes affected most likely have the inheritable form of the disease. Studies have found that people who are diagnosed with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma are at increased risk for developing secondary cancers.
Studies have shown that within 50 years of diagnosis, approximately 51% of people with the inheritable form and 5% of those with the sporadic form of retinoblastoma will develop another cancer. Radiation treatment affects the rate of secondary cancer development in children with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma. Approximately 58% of children who received radiation developed secondary cancers, compared to 26.5% of children who did not receive radiation therapy. However, these studies were based on older radiation techniques, and it appears that this risk is reduced in children treated with lower doses of radiation and at ages greater than 1 year. Even in children who were spared radiation, there was an increased risk of death from several types of cancer in children with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma. These cancers included bladder, lung, and epithelial cancers (cancers of the lining of intestines and the lining of the body cavities). It also appears that people with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma are at increased risk for developing bone, soft tissue, and skin cancers. Hence, people who have the inheritable form of retinoblastoma should be carefully monitored for a second cancer for life. The general guideline for children with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma is to have routine examinations every 2 to 4 months for at least 28 months. For those who are treated, routine examinations should be performed until the child is 7 years of age.
This cancer appears to equally affect boys and girls as well as African Americans and Caucasians. The retinoblastoma gene is located on chromosome 13q. Children who have a parent or sibling with this disease or children with a known mutation of chromosome 13q are at increased risk for developing retinoblastoma. There is no way to correct or prevent these inheritable genetic defects at present. What causes the sporadic form of retinoblastoma is not well known at this time, and there are no specific recommendations regarding ways to prevent retinoblastoma.
It is also important to monitor for other cancers in children who have the inheritable form of retinoblastoma. Defective retinoblastoma gene is known to play an important role in other types of cancer, and children who have the inheritable form of retinoblastoma are at increased risk for several other types of tumors. These tumors include osteogenic sarcoma (bone tumors), soft tissue sarcomas, and melanomas. This risk is not seen to the same degree in people with the sporadic form of the disease. Tobacco use also appears to increase the risk of secondary cancers in people with the inheritable form of retinoblastoma and should be avoided.
Unfortunately, aside from the genetic risk factors, the specific exposures or other conditions which lead to retinoblastoma are not well known. Hence, there are no good guidelines regarding how to best prevent retinoblastoma. However, for children who are known to have a family history of retinoblastoma, frequent follow up examinations may allow for early detection of the disease. If there is a family history of RB, the child should be examined by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) soon after the child is born. These exams should continue every three to four months until the child is three to four years of age. The exams are then done every six months until the child reaches five to six years of age. Alternatively, if the child has genetic testing and it is found that they do not carry the inheritable form of RB, this intensive testing may not be needed, but this decision should be discussed with a phyician. If a child is noted to have no red reflex (as described below), they should be brought to medical attention.
Children have evaluation of their eyes during pediatric visits. During these visits, the pediatrician will check for several things, including the red reflex, the corneal light reflex, and the general function of their eyes. The red reflex is caused by light being reflected from the retina. The retina has numerous blood vessels and a reddish appearance, thus light reflected from the pupil appears red. The red reflex is the same phenomenon responsible for "red eye" seen when taking photos with a flash. In children with retinoblastoma, this reflex causes the light reflected from the pupil to appear white rather than red. This is known as leukocoria, and is seen as the first sign of retinoblastoma in about 54% of children with this disease. The red reflex exam can be performed at home by dimming the room lights and looking at the child's eyes with a flashlight. Also, if the parents notice that that the child's eyes appear to have a white reflection, they should inform their pediatrician.
The corneal light reflex is the shine that is present on the surface of the eyes when light is reflected off of them. Both eyes should reflect the light in the same place on each eye. If the light is not reflected back symmetrically from each eye, this may mean the eyes are not aligned with one another properly. This is known as strabismus, and is the first sign of retinoblastoma in about 19% of children with the disease.
The general visual acuity of the child is also evaluated by the physician. In infants older than six months, this can be done by seeing how well they track moving objects. Rarely, a decrease in vision can be a presenting sign of retinoblastoma. Other rare first signs of retinoblastoma include bleeding into the eye itself, causing the pupil to appear black rather than white, and bleeding into the front of the eye, which can cause a discoloration in the retina (the colored portion of the eye).
A fundoscopic eye exam (examination of the back of the eye, or retina) using an opthalmoscope is also done to look into the eye. The pupil needs to be dilated for a better view of the inside of the eye, and may need to be done under anesthesia because of the young age of the children examined.
If retinoblastoma is suspected, further imaging studies, such as MRI, CT, or ultrasound may be ordered. There are also genetic tests available to determine if the retinoblastoma gene is present to confirm the diagnosis. This test also determines if the child has the inheritable form or the sporadic form of the disease. If they are found to have the inheritable form, parents and siblings should be tested and be referred to a genetic counselor. Blood tests may also be ordered to check for abnormalities.
The screening tests for retinoblastoma are used to detect the signs associated with retinoblastoma, hence much of the information here is similar to that presented in "What Screening Tests are Available."
Leukocoria- when the pupil (or the center black portion of the eye) appears white as a light is shined on it in a dim room. This is due to the retinoblastoma tumor in the eye, as normally the pupils will appear red in this setting, similar to what is seen in "red eye" in photos.
Strabismus- also known as "crossed eyes". When light is shined on the child's eyes, the reflection is not in the same place on both eyes. This indicates that the eyes are not aligned properly and may be the first sign of retinoblastoma.
Decreased visual acuity- the child's vision may worsen as a result of retinoblastoma. In infants older than 6 months, this may manifest itself as the infant not tracking moving objects as well as before.
Hyphema - is when blood leaks into the front portion of the eye, and forms a layer of blood in front of the pupil, or colored portion of the eye.
Vitreous Hemorrhage - when blood leaks into the eye itself. Instead of leukocoria where the pupil appears white, the pupil will appear black.
Ocular inflammation - can present with a red, painful eye with light sensitivity and change in vision.
After initial screening tests have been completed, usually a more comprehensive exam of the eye is performed. This usually includes an opthalmalogic exam under anesthesia, ultrasound of the eye, and CT of the eye and head. There are also several factors which can be related to a worse prognosis, including a history of surgery to the eye with retinoblastoma (which may spread tumor cells), a delay in diagnosis of greater than six months, cataracts in the eye, involvement of the optic nerve, or other disease beyond the eye.
As RB grows, it can fill the globe of the eye and cause vision problems by destroying the internal structures of the eye which are important for vision, such as the retina. The tumor can then spread directly into the orbit, which houses the eye, or the optic nerve which connects the eye to the brain. It can also spread locally to the eyelid or the surface of the eye. RB can also spread to the brain and even the other eye through the cerebrospinal fluid which bathes the brain. RB can also spread through the blood to other organs such as the lung. Spontaneous regression can occur (RB disappearing on its own, with no treatment), but is a rare occurrence. It is important to determine the extent of spread to determine the best treatment for a given child as well as the prognosis. This is usually done with a staging system. There are several staging systems used in retinoblastoma, the most common of which is the Reese and Ellsworth staging system. This staging system is used to categorize children, based on the extent of the tumor, to determine which treatments may work best. There are five groups as follows:
Group I: Children in group I are excellent candidates for therapies that preserve vision. Solitary tumor fall into this category if they are smaller than 4 optic discs in size and are located in the back half of the eye. The optic disc is a part of the back of the eye which can be used as a reference to measure the size of tumors. If there are multiple tumors, none can be bigger than 4 discs in size and all must be located in the back half of the eye.
Group II: Children in group II are good candidates for therapies that preserve vision. Solitary tumors must measure between 4-10 optic discs in diameter and must be in the back half of the eye. In multiple tumors, none may be larger than 4-10 discs and the tumors must be in the back half of the eye.
Group III: Children in group III may be candidates for therapies which preserve vision. Solitary tumors greater than 10 optic discs in diameter located in the back half of the eye fall into this category. Any lesion which extends into the front half of the eye is in this category.
Group IV: Children in group IV have a poor chance of preserving vision. Multiple lesions, which some are larger than 10 optic discs in diameter, fall into this category. Any lesion which is in the very front of the eye, near the lens, fall into this category.
Group V: Children in group V have very little chance of preserving vision. Large tumors, which involve more than half of the retina (the lining of the eye), fall into this category. If the gel within the eye develops tumors, then this also qualifies as group V disease.
There is also an International Staging system which is currently being used in clinical trials and is gaining broader acceptance. A simplified version is presented below:
Group A: Small tumors: RB less than or equal to 3 mm in size
Group B: Larger tumors: Bigger than 3 mm or those which are very close to portions of the eye which are important for vision such as the macula or the optic nerve.
Group C: Focal seeds: Small focuses of tumor outside of the main mass are present, but they are close to the main mass (less than of equal to 3 mm away).
Group D; Diffuse seeds: Small focuses of tumor have spread throughout the eye (greater than 3 mm from the primary tumor).
Group E: Extensive retinoblastoma: RB involved >50% of the globe of the eye or is invading deeper into the structure of the eye or is causing glaucoma.
Another simpler classification system divides children with retinoblastoma into intraocular disease (within the eye) and extraocular disease (outside of the eye). Intraocular disease can not extend beyond the eye, and the 5-year survival without recurrence of disease is better than 90%. Extraocular disease extends beyond the eye. It may be directly adjacent to the eye, or have spread to the brain or other parts of the body. The 5-year survival without recurrence of the disease is less than 10%.
The discussion of treatment will be based on this simpler classification system, with treatments divided into those used in intraocular versus extraocular disease.
Intraocular disease can be further divided into those that involve one eye versus both eyes. Disease involving one eye tends to be bulkier, thus if other therapies are not expected to preserve useful vision, surgical removal of the eye (enucleation) is performed. Enucleation may also be performed if the eye is painful, tumor covers the optic nerve, or the eye is already blind. After enucleation, if there is felt to be a risk for spread, adjuvant (meaning postoperative) chemotherapy or radiation may be used. If the physician believes that useful vision can be preserved, there are several other treatment options available.
Vincristine and carboplatin are the most commonly used chemotherapies in retinoblastoma, and generally still require additional local treatment such as radiation or laser treatments to cure the disease.
Radiation can be delivered in several different ways. External-beam radiation uses X-ray beams similar to those used in diagnostic radiology, but these beams have a far higher energy. Generally, after treatment with radiation, recurrence of tumor is rare at 7%. There are newer techniques being used to improve the targeting of the radiation specifically to the tumor. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) allows the radiation oncologist to use several different beams, which can then be shaped and the intensity adjusted for precise treatment of the tumor while sparing normal tissues. Stereotactic radiation works like a magnifying glass. It focuses hundreds of small beams to one small point. That one focal point is located in the tumor and receives the full dose of radiation while normal tissues around the tumor receives only a fraction of the dose. Proton-beam radiation uses a different type of particle compared with traditional radiation therapy. Protons work at a distance; they pass through normal tissue without releasing much of their energy. When they get to a specific depth in the tissue (what this depth is depends on the energy of the protons, and can be adjusted) -- ideally matched to where the tumor is -- they release a large amount of energy into the tumor. Brachytherapy uses implantable radioactive sources. Brachytherapy uses a plaque which is made of gold, to hold radioactive seeds. The seeds are arranged to deliver an optimal dose of radiation to the tumor while sparing normal tissues around the eye. An eye surgeon then places the plaque on the outside of the eye, directly adjacent to the tumor on the inside of the eye. The child then wears a shield over the eye while being treated. After enough dose has been given, the surgeon removes the plaque.These newer techniques can limit dose to normal tissues and thus limit the risk of developing a second cancer later in life. As mentioned earlier, secondary cancers are a problem in the inheritable form, but not in the sporadic form of the disease. In the inherited form of retinoblastoma this is an important problem, as more children die from the secondary cancer than retinoblastoma. There are ongoing trials which are trying to perfect the ideal dose of chemotherapy to use with radiation in order to reduce the dose of radiation required. Recent studies have also examined the early use of chemotherapy to try to shrink the tumor, such that local treatments with fewer side effects, such as cryotherapy or photocoagulation, can be used alone. This is also known as "chemoreductive therapy." Unfortunately, during the first few years after chemoreductive therapy, recurrences are seen, although they can usually be salvaged with local therapies.
Cryotherapy works by freezing the cancer cells, which damages them permanently and causes them to die. Generally, cryotherapy is used with radiation treatment and in lesions smaller than 4 optic discs in size in the anterior portion of the eye. Photocoagulation is the use of a laser to burn tumors. It is rarely used alone in small tumors. Usually, it is used in conjunction with radiation in tumors less than 4 optic discs in size on the posterior portion of the eye. It can also be used if there is a recurrence after radiation treatment. Thermotherapy is a similar technique which uses microwaves to burn the tumor.
Generally, in smaller lesions in a single eye, vision preserving therapies should be considered in place of enucleation. In disease involving only one eye, chemoreductive therapy can be used to reduce the number of children who will ultimately need treatment with enucleation or external beam radiation and may help preserve vision. By giving chemotherapy early, the hope is to shrink the tumor to the point where local therapies can be effective. In children with group II or III disease, only 11% needed enucleation or external beam radiation within 5 years of treatment. However, in more advanced groups, this number increases to 60% in children with group IV and 100% of children with group V.
Recently it has been suggested that adding another chemotherapy agent - etoposide - may improve cure rates. However, there may be an increased risk of developing leukemias later in life, though clinical trials have not shown this after 10 years of follow up. Another experimental technique using chemotherapy involves injecting a chemotherapeutic drug - carboplatin - directly into the eye. This is also known as subtenon chemotherapy. There is a concern that by introducing a needle into the eye for treatment, that tumor cells may be able to spread beyond the eye through the needle tract.
Treatment is different when a child has retinoblastoma in both eyes. Generally if one eye has a large amount of tumor and the other eye has limited disease, the worse eye is surgically removed. If both eyes have small tumors, usually vision preserving therapies like radiation or chemotherapy can be used with close follow-up for recurrence. Some larger centers are now trying to treat children with bigger tumors in both eyes with chemoreductive therapy to shrink them to the point where they can be treated with local therapy.
The cure rate for retinoblastoma is about 93%. A child who does not develop recurrence of retinoblastoma within five years after treatment is considered cured. In other words, if recurrences do occur, they usually happen within the first year after treatment. The prognosis for children with metastatic disease is worse, with 50% survival at 12-18 months.
Rarely, children will have disease that has spread beyond the eye at time of diagnosis. Areas where retinoblastoma can spread include the brain, spine, lungs, and bone. In children with the inheritable form of the disease, a neuroblastic tumor may arise directly from the brain itself. When this occurs with tumors affecting both eyes as well, this is known as trilateral retinoblastoma. In light of this, head CT is often performed at the time of diagnosis. There is no standard treatment for retinoblastoma that has spread beyond the eye; however, there are several treatments available. These include radiation to the brain and spine, with or without chemotherapy treatments injected into the spine (intrathecal chemo). Usually, the chemotherapy used is a combination of methotrexate, cytarabine and hydrocortisone. There are also several treatments under investigation currently. High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplant is in clinical trials. Generally the chemotherapy that has been used is a combination of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. Another chemotherapy combination - carboplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide - is also under investigation. There have also been some studies of the use of gene therapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma.
For children who have the inheritable form of retinoblastoma, follow-up is life long in order to check for the development of second malignancies. These malignancies are most often of the bone or soft tissues (sarcomas). It is thought that many of these are due to radiation treatment; however, even in children, who were not treated with radiation, there is an increased risk of secondary malignancies. This can be diagnosed significantly later in life and involve the lung, bladder, and lining of the body cavities. It is essential that children with the inheritable form not smoke, as this has been shown to increase the risk of secondary cancers. It is also critical to monitor for disease in the opposite eye in children who are only affected in one eye. Disease in the other eye occurs most commonly in the inherited form of the disease, and children with this form should have frequent repeat eye exams. Generally, if retinoblastoma is going to affect the other eye, it does so within three years of the diagnosis. An intracranial neuroblastic tumor in addition to bilateral eye tumors is known as trilateral retinoblastoma. Another name for these neuroblastic tumors is primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNET. These tumors commonly affect the pineal gland, which is in the center of the brain. This can occur in the inheritable form of the disease. Screening MRI's are done every six months after the diagnosis of retinoblastoma until the age of five to check for PNET tumors. This condition is almost always fatal but does best when caught early. In the sporadic form of retinoblastoma the only cancer that appeared to increase in frequency is breast cancer.
After enucleation, the time for recurrence, if a recurrence occurs, is usually within 12-18 months of treatment. Hence, follow up should be especially aggressive during this period with exams every 3 months. Usually this can be decreased to every 6 months after 18 months of follow up.
Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, et al. "Screening for retinoblastoma: presenting signs as prognosticators of patients and ocular survival. Pediatrics 2003; 112:1248
Dryja, TP, Morrow, JF, Rapaport, JM. Quantification of the paternal allele bias for new germline mutations in the retinoblastoma gene. Human Genetics 1997; 100:446.
Eng, C, Li, FP, Abramson, DH, Ellsworth, RM, et al. Mortality from second tumors among long-term survivors of retinoblastoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1993; 85:1121.
Kremens, B, Wieland, R, Reinhard, H, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue in children with retinoblastoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31:281.
Namouni, F, Doz, F, Tanguy, ML, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by a haematopoietic stem cell rescue in patients with high-risk retinoblastoma: a SFOP and SFGM study. European Journal of Cancer 1997; 33:2368.
National Cancer Institute. Retinoblastoma (PDQ): Treatment. www.cancer.gov
Rubenfeld, M, Abramson, DH, Ellsworth, RM, Kitchin, FD. Unilateral vs. bilateral retinoblastoma. Correlations between age at diagnosis and stage of ocular disease. Ophthalmology 1986; 93:1016.
Shields, CL, Meadows, AT, Shields, JA, Carvalho, C. Chemoreduction for retinoblastoma may prevent intracranial neuroblastic malignancy (trilateral retinoblastoma). Archives of Ophthalmolology 2001; 119:1269.
Tamboli, A, Podgor, MJ, Horm, JW. The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States: 1974 through 1985. Achieves of Ophthalmology 1990; 108:128.
Up To Date. Overview of Retinoblastoma. www.uptodate.com
Wong, FL, Boice, JD, Abramson, DH, et al. Cancer incidence after retinoblastoma: radiation dose and sarcoma risk. Journal of the American Medical Association 1997; 278:1262.


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Eva M. Motter, 89, died at 1:28 p.m. Thursday, May 9, 2013, at Lima Memorial Health System.
She was born Feb. 7, 1924, in Foraker, to Mary Ellen (Giberson) and Harry Robinson. On Feb. 9, 1942, she married Willis Wilbur "Bill" Motter, and he preceded on Aug. 21, 1969.
Survivors are four sons, Wesley Motter, of Waynesfield, William "Bill" (Carolyn), of Waynesfield, and Dan (Kerri) Motter, of Waynesfield, and Gary Motter, of Florida; and two daughters, Ellen "Rita" Motter, of Waynesfield, and Brenda (Kenny) Stocker, of Waynesfield. Services are at 2 p.m. Saturday at Willowbraneh Cemetery in Waynesfield, with the Revs. Kathleen Hayes and Don Smith officiating.
Contributions may be directed to the family.


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In marriage, anger rivals lust as a killer. My guess is that anger is a worse enemy than lust. It also destroys other kinds of camaraderie. Some people have more anger than they think, because it has disguises. When willpower …Read More
Our Ancient Foe
Talk of the Devil and spiritual warfare makes some people roll their eyes. We live in an age of particle accelerators, microchips, and organ transplants. The Devil? Why, he's nothing more than a medieval superstition created to scare naughty children. …Read More
The Children's Crusade
The Devil delights in false dichotomies. When he persuades us that our choices are between this foolishness and that weakness — heads, he wins; tails, the kingdom loses. When we are lukewarm in our commitment, when we think the kingdom …Read More
Escaping Anonymity
Admiral Lord Nelson once remarked that "every sailor is a bachelor when beyond Gibraltar." This was a statement about anonymity, a rare concept even just a few short generations ago. Nelson knew that once his sailors moved beyond the bounds of …Read More
The Law of God in the Hearts of Men
Paul's letter to the Ephesians is typical of his correspondence to other churches in that the first half of the letter is devoted to outlining the various doctrines that are constituent parts of the gospel message. Throughout his letters, the …Read More
Thinking Like Jesus
Several years ago, I was asked to give a convocation address at a major theological seminary in America. In that address, I spoke about the critical role of logic in biblical interpretation, and I pleaded for seminaries to include courses …Read More
Grace Alone
"Amazing grace! How sweet the sound that saved a wretch like me!" "Marvelous grace of our loving Lord, grace that exceeds our sin and our guilt." "Wonderful grace of Jesus, greater than all my sin; how shall my tongue describe …Read More
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Past Events
orientation and gender variant minorities.
Workshop: Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury Within a Military Context (+)
Chicago Campus, Community Hall
Thresholds and the Adler School present this day-long workshop on traumatic brain injury with a focus on providing better services for military service members, veterans, and their families. The full-day training starts with an overview of military culture and description of IEDs. Information will be provided on the basics of TBI, screening and assessment, support needed for individuals in a variety of life domains, and current clinical best practices in working with individuals who experience TBI.
- 6 CEU's for Illinois Licensed Clinicians provided by Thresholds
- 6 CEU's for IAODAPCA (pending approval) provided by Illinois Certification Board
- The workshop is free (including lunch and CEUs), but space is limited.
- Joseph Troiani, Ph.D. (Commander, U.S. Navy, retired), and Linda Rice, Ph.D., ABPP (former Chief of Neuropsychology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD), Adler School of Professional Psychology
- Dr. James Young, Rehabilitation Director, Rush Medical Center
- Philicia Deckard, Executive Director, Brain Injury Association of Illinois
- Janet Kamer, Ph.D. (Colonel, U.S. Air Force, retired), Director of Neuropsychology, Meier Clinic
RSVP is required. Please click here to register.
Thursday, October 10, 2013
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Homegrown - A film by Cushe Footwear
A Cushe Life film from Autumn/Winter '12, shot in beautiful Scotland, it sees a group of best friends on a weekend away who take their favourite Cushe's on adventures that create memories that last a lifetime.
All of Cushe's shoes are designed with comfort, wellness and the Cushe lifestyle in mind, from the sculpted footbeds which support the foot, to the use of memory foam and Eco Cell technology which increase comfort and fit. The AW12 collection includes a beautiful and comfy range of women's winter boots in fully waterproofed leathers or suedes with soft lambswool and suede finishes, including the new nature-inspired Allpine and the cosy quilted styles in the Foot-on Futon range of super comfortable boots. For men, the collection for AW12 offers an on-trend shearling lined boot and a range of outdoor-ready fully waterproof styles with Cushe's trademark detailing including their "Sitting Boy" Logo.


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- Flat Rate Shipping. Any Size Order! -
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Time always seems to fly by when there's great music playin'! Whether you're stuck at the office doing busy work or squeezing in an early-morning cardio routine on the weekend, a good tune can make any activity all the more enjoyable. Throw on these earphones next time you're jammin' out for a vibrant display of 'Canes pride! Compatible with iPhones and iPods, these in-ear headphones come with a handy mic and two silver aluminum covers that feature U logos. Listen to those sweet jams and rock out with your Miami spirit out!
- Compatible with iPhones & iPods
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Top Definition
it is another word for vagina, but more of a girly term used by tifany k. jen k. erin M. and myself. we like to use this word becuz it is nicer and clever, other than just saying, "oh guys look what i have sprouted on my VAGINA!" instead its "oh look! my pee-china has sprouted odd figures!"
"oh my gosh mommy, your so hott, let me touch your pee-china!"
door erica
7 april 2003


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David Wise, USA
At X Games Tignes, coming up March 20-22, all but two of the Men's Ski SuperPipe contenders will be from one of three countries: USA, France, and Canada (plus Jossi and Byron Wells from New Zealand). American David Wise won the Ski SuperPipe gold in Aspen. Can he defend his title in France?


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Shakespeare's Villains: A Master Class in Evil February 7, 2001 There's a long tradition of British Shakespearean actors coming to the colonies and wowing the locals with performances of the Bard's greatest hits. British actor Steven Berkoff talks about his one-man show, Shakespeare's Villains: a Master Class in Evil. Real Media
Music Articles 'Mama's Gun' from Erykah Badu January 25, 2001 Music critic Tom Moon reviews the soulful sounds of Erykah Badu on a CD called Mama's Gun. Her music is a mix of 70's soul and modern hip hop. Moon says that on this record, through improvisation, Badu has found a way to make hip-hop regain its spontaneity. Real Media
Music Articles Persuading the Dead October 20, 2000 The a cappella group The Persuasions decided to do an album of Grateful Dead songs. As "The Dead" have been icons of sub-culture since the mid 60's, and have inspired more than one generation of devotees (Deadheads), they knew that covering the harmonies would not suffice. They would have to rediscover AND reinvent the music - both for themselves, and the audience. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost and Found Sound: Grateful Dead Revived October 20, 2000 In today's installment from the Lost & Found Sound series we hear the music of the Grateful Dead re-invented in the studio by the a cappella soul singers, The Persuasions. Their new CD, Might as Well... The Persuasions Sing Grateful Dead, has just been released. (12:30) Might As Well: The Persuasions Sing Grateful Dead is distributed by BMG and Arista. Find out more at: http://www.npr.org/programs/lnfsound/stories/001020.stories.html Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost And Found Sound: The Mother Ship June 30, 2000 In today's installment of "Lost and Found Sound," we hear a story from writer Tracy Johnston about a sound she collected years ago while traveling in Africa. She was visiting northern Nigeria with a friend who was returning to his grandfathers' village. And she was struck by the greetings people exchanged. It was not just what people had to say, asking about every member of the family, the cattle and all your possessions, but also how it was delivered. There was a joy and love in their expressions -- something she listens to every once in a while to once again feel that sense of connectedness. (6:15) The music used as part of the piece was the following, Miriam Makeba - "SANGOMA" (South African) (Warner Bros. Records) CUT 17 - "UMAM' UYAJABULA" ("Mama is Happy") The music that followed the piece is listed below. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost and Found Sound: Manicurists April 28, 2000 The Kitchen Sisters, Davia Nelson and Nikki Silva, with Laura Folger present a sonic montage that allows Vietnamese immigrant women to tell about their experiences in coming to the United States. Many Vietnamese women work as manicurists; quite a few in the San Francisco area. We hear how the pop music of America trickled into their lives while they were still in their homeland, and how that formed part of there sense of what America would be One woman heard what she called California Dreaming -- (it was really If You're Going to San Francisco) -- and she wanted to be there with "flowers in my hair" We present voices of Vietnamese immigrants in an impressionist manner without narration and mixed with the sound of an English-language instruction tape for Vietnamese speakers that comments on the mood. We also hear the music and sounds that shape these women's lives. Part two of the Kitchen Sisters' sonic montage of Vietnamese immigrant women telling about their experiences in coming to the United States. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost and Found Sound March 24, 2000 In our latest installment of our occasional Lost and Found Sound series, producer Yair Reiner presents Jack Foley: Feet to the Stars. Jack Foley is a Hollywood legend---he did his job best by not letting anyone know he existed. But Foley's legacy lives on in every film and television program we watch---it's there in the footsteps of the star walking down a street, in the rustle of a dress, in the pounding of horse-hoofs. Foley made these sounds and many more on his stage at Universal studios. Foley was there on the studio's maiden voyage into sound pictures. At first, he and his team of sound men had only one chance to get all the sound right. Foley figured out that by projecting the film and recording the sound effects in sync, he would get the best effect---and he would do each effect one at a time, till the various sounds were all put together with the film--a method today called Foley. Foley's stage looked more like a garage than a recording studio---dirt, gravel, and lots of junk everywhere. These were the tools of his trade. Foley's voice was never recorded and there are no pictures of him at his work---but he is remembered by those who worked with him. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost and Found Sound: The House of Night February 25, 2000 This year we're continuing our Lost and Found Sound series on an occasional basis. Today's installment, "The House of Night," is the story of the Mojave Indians, their language and their songs and one man who tried to preserve both for future generations. Beginning in the mid-1960's Guy Tyler began making recordings of the Mojave language and of their 525 song cycle, called the Creation Song. This 13 hour song is a map of the tribe's origins. The songs describe celestial cycles, the positions of stars, planets, and elaborate descriptions of migratory birds. Real Media
Interviews The Bizarre Roles of Christopher Walken February 13, 2000 Actor Christopher Walken talks about starring in a Broadway musical adaptation of The Dead, which is based on the James Joyce story. The actor also talks about portraying one disturbing character after another. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Lost and Found Sound Finale December 31, 1999 Quest For Sound Curator Jay Allison brings down the curtain on our year-long series, Lost and Found Sound, by playing examples of some of the listener calls that came in this year answering our plea for hidden audio artifacts. He laments that we never heard the talking seal, but then plays a short example. Allison takes us on a walk through the various kinds of sounds we learned about: ancestors passing messages to their descendants, voices of youth returning on record in old age, and many more. And, we hear the sound that initiated the series: a mysterious record made to a World War Two solider by his lover or wife back home. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound LOST & FOUND SOUND: Vermont Folklore Recordings December 24, 1999 Reporter Nina Keck of Vermont Public Radio tells us about the 35-year obsession of a woman named Helen Hartness Flanders to capture a vanishing breed of Vermonter on recorded media. She started in the 1930s with wax cylinder, then graduated to disk and tape. She sought out elderly residents, and had them sing and tell stories. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound LOST AND FOUND SOUND: Walkin' Talkin' Bill Hawkins December 17, 1999 Lost and Found Sound presents the story of William Allen Taylor, a disk jockey and a bit of an actor, who went looking for the sound of the voice of his father. Taylor was born out of wedlock. It was only late in life that Taylor discovered his father was Walkin' Talkin' Bill Hawkins -- a former Pullman reporter who in 1948 became Cleveland's first black disk jockey. Hawkins broadcast live from the window of his record store, and was widely influential. But there are no known recordings of Hawkins' voice. So, by talking to those who knew Hawkins and listened to his program, William Allen Taylor attempts to bring his father's voice to life again through imitation. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound LOST & FOUND SOUND: That Was the Week That Was November 19, 1999 Art Chimes had a single TV sound obsession: a satirical TV show on NBC from 1964-65 called "That Was The Week That Was" (TW3), which introduced David Frost to American viewers. The show's sharp wit caught Chimes' fancy as a teenager in New Jersey. The most striking thing about the show was the opening song sung by Nancy Ames, which contained all the week's news. Chimes says the show was a smart viewing choice in days of clownish variety shows. Real Media
Lost & Found Sound Obsessed With TV Sound November 19, 1999 Our year-long series visits a man obsessed with the sound of TV. Phil Gries started recording audio from his television set in the 1950s. He still has over 10-thousand items, and has turned his hobby into a business -- supplying audio from old TV shows to other collectors and museums. He says he was motivated by the ethereal nature of live TV to preserve broadcasts of all sorts.
Lost & Found Sound 'Mental Hygiene' Films November 12, 1999 As many as 3,000 "mental hygiene" films were shown in schools in the years after the Second World War. They provide lessons about dating, manners and delinquency, all wrapped up in a tidy 10-minute package. Lost and Found Sound got a tour through these films from author Ken Smith. Real Media


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"I Do Not Understand the Rave Reviews for this Book"
There is nothing much to like about this book--especially not the characters. The "heroine" is a drunk and I found the opening of this novel dreary and depressing. I persisted listening and it only improved marginally. The narration was difficult to follow for an audiobook because all three of the readers had fairly similar voices. I was excited to have potentionally found a new author to follow, but I will have to continue my search.
"Disappointing to Fans"
When I heard that this book was a "rerelease", I was worried with good reason. DeMille must have a bad case of writer's block to inflict this again on his followers. It is a weak version of "The Da Vinci Code" at best. Many issues that I thought would be key--how do they get the treasure out of a war zone and why do the key players belong together?--were resolved in a few paragraphs while many other chapters were devoted to minutiae. Please don't waste your time.
"Cannot get into this book"
Please let me exchange it. Audible advertises this service but they do not make it easy to actually accomplish this task.
"I Would Rate this Book "U" for Unsatisfactory"
Unsatisfactory character development, unsatisfactory length (only four chapters), unsatisfactory narrator (her voice for the sister sounded like a cartoon character), unsatisfactory topic development (the impact that the performance of abortions has on the physicians who offer the service), and a very unsatisfactory ending. I thought that I had either downloaded the book improperly or missed part two. I don't mind listening to uncomfortable topics when offered new insights or different perspectives, but this book offered neither. I rarely feel this way, but I regret the time that I spent on this book. It was not an enjoyable or an enlightening listen.
"An interesting read"
if you are thirteen. The first book was a fun read but this one is full contrived angst. It features a navel-gazing "heroine?" who consistently avoids dealing with her problems. When she finally gets around to taking action, the author serves up a jump in time--eg. she has a huge fight with her husband and best friend and suddenly it is a year later. No insights about dealing with the conflict, only the results. I kept envisioning Meryl Streep in the movie and hoping for a follow up. It is a good bet that we will not see Ms. Streep in the sequel because hopefully, Hollywood will overlook this bit of nonsense as should most readers.
"Enjoy this Beautiful Book!!"
Hosseini is an author that I stumbled upon in a search for something different to read. I am so glad that I did! The author reads the book, and I was a little concerned that the names in another culture might be confusing in an audible format. I occasionally got a little lost, but I later "reread" the sections--something that I rarely do. I have to say that Hosseini's narration really enhanced the listening experience. He writes in a unique voice and his descriptions are expressed in a way that crosses all cultural boundaries. This book is one to be savored.
"I'll be reading Mitzner's next book"
Interesting story, intesting characters and an ending that you never see coming. Great twist! I'll be watching for this author.
"Love the show..The book--Not so much."
Richard Castle could learn much from Carl Hiaasen. The book has some funny names and the term "ruggedly handsome" was used liberally, but the plot was stupid and definitely not very clever.
On the show, Castle is friends with James Patterson. They must have attended the same marketing class. In that, they excel. In writing, they are a disappointment to their fans. Two words--"not enough". Not enough was funny and not enough fun to justify the purchase price.
James Patterson has parlayed what used to be a great reputation as a good mystery writer into an industry to generate money based on his name. His legacy will be that of a writer who created a business based on a talent that never came to bloom. What a shame. I will not buy another one of his books because they are a watered down waste of time. His latest novels sound like they were written by college or high school students who have not yet learned their craft.
"This Woman Can Write!"
I don't usually rate books so late, but I had to add my two cents to the reviews about this book. It is not a easy read, but Rowling has great insight into the teenage psyche. That said, this book is for adults. Not an easy or fun read but worth the trauma for the beauty of a story well told.


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Multilayer ceramic capacitors and varistors provide UAV power systems with performance & design advantages
December 23, 2013 1:09 pm | by Pat Hollenbeck, Field Applications Engineer, Advanced Operations, AVX | Avx Corporation | CommentsThe power systems designed into today's advanced military and aerospace applications are incorporating increasingly sophisticated components and design topologies to achieve improved efficiency, weight reduction, and performance enhancements. Two essential criteria for realizing the cutting edge, energy efficient power systems...
From General to CEO: One man's journey from the battlefield to the boardroom
December 23, 2013 12:47 pm | by Jason Lomberg, Technical Editor | CommentsI'm proud to work in an industry with such a disproportionately high number of military veterans. Many of our colleagues previously served the nation with honor and distinction, trading ACUs for business suits and M4s for fountain pens. Case in point: Steve Sargeant, CEO of Marvin Test Solutions, formerly a Major General with the United States Air Force.
How will/has 3D printing changed the world of design engineering?
December 23, 2013 11:55 am | Littelfuse, Inc. | Comments3-D printing is spurring a new industrial revolution that is enabling design engineers to achieve new innovations in design and significant time and cost savings. The technology allows design engineers to build parts that cannot be made via traditional manufacturing, which in turn encourages heightened creativity and innovation.
Need something? Print it: 3D printing in engineering
December 23, 2013 10:46 am | by Kasey Panetta, Managing Editor | CommentsIt sometimes seems as if it's impossible to even go one day without reading or hearing about a story involving 3D printing. It's the byproduct of a technology that has current applications in most industries and potential applications in almost all of them. Some of the more controversial application areas, like 3D printed firearms, receive a lot of coverage....
Innovative vehicle-to-vehicle communications
December 23, 2013 10:34 am | by Tullio Cettolin, Strategic Marketing Director, Micron Automotive Division | Micron | CommentsLast September, several major car and automotive systems manufacturers, including Daimler, Nissan, and Tesla, announced plans to commercially introduce autonomous self-driving cars by 2020. These manufacturers join a list of companies, like Toyota and Audi, who have already announced similar development projects.
What's the most innovative aspect of vehicle-to-vehicle communications?
December 20, 2013 4:25 pm | Freescale Semiconductor | CommentsI have the latest ACC with radar in my car, camera, lane departure warning, and what have you. Still, I need to watch out all the time, analyze the situation, engage, disengage, set a new setpoint, and so on. If I don't do that, it can still become dangerous or at least uncomfortable, because the still relatively dumb system does not understand all it "sees".
Strategies to reduce a 3-phase BLDC motor control and drive system
December 18, 2013 3:23 pm | by Brian Chu, Product Line Marketing Manager, Analog and Interface Products Division, Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology Inc. | CommentsHighly integrated semiconductor products are not only a trend in consumer products, but also in motor-control applications. Concurrently, the share of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors is gradually increasing over other motor types in a number of markets, such as automotive and medical applications.
Model-based design of advanced motor control systems
December 18, 2013 1:11 pm | by Anders Frederiksen, Analog Devices | Analog Devices, Inc. | CommentsLeveraging advanced processor functionality to facilitate ease of design has been discussed throughout recent decades. Nowadays, even greater design flexibility allows engineers to use standard Model-Based design with MATLAB and Simulink can be used to optimize motor control systems functionality and to minimize overall design time.
The smart-grid evolution
December 17, 2013 3:54 pm | by Joshua Israelsohn, Technical Contributor | CommentsWhen the vision of a smart grid first appeared over a decade ago, it was revolutionary and broadly recognized as being so. Yet even an informal assessment of the facility and technology development necessary to realize that vision made it clear that smart grids would require a lengthy evolution.
Building distributed measurement systems
December 17, 2013 3:26 pm | by Doug Farrell, Product Manager for Industrial Data Acquisition, National Instruments | CommentsAs applications become more complex, home-run sensor wiring approaches become more difficult and costly to implement. The cost of running sensor cable can often be the single largest line item for installing new data acquisition systems once labor and capital costs are included.
Reducing system failure costs
December 17, 2013 2:56 pm | by Taqi Mohiuddin, Senior Director, Marketing, Evans Analytical Group (EAG) | CommentsFailures have increasingly serious consequences as today's electronics systems become smaller, more complex and more deeply embedded in our daily lives. System failures must be found and fixed before they can cause costly downtime, product recalls and reputational damage.
Predicting end-of-life for future mobile devices
December 16, 2013 4:07 pm | by Timothy McMullen, Director of Product Marketing, Reliability Test Systems, Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Cascade Microtech | CommentsConsumer expectations continue to create a relentless challenge for the electronics industry, demanding that each new generation of mobile devices delivers increased performance — more applications, faster speed, and longer battery life — all without sacrificing reliability.
The design challenges of capacitive displays
December 16, 2013 3:41 pm | CommentsCapacitive screens have become fairly ubiquitous in the world of electronics. You can find them in tablets, cell phones, medical devices, and pretty much anywhere else you look. But using capacitive displays in designs can still be challenging. We want to know what you (or your company or your fellow engineer) struggle with when it comes to designing with touchscreens.
How to select an AC power supply
December 16, 2013 3:17 pm | by Grady Keeton, AMETEK Programmable Power | CommentsToday's electronic products must work under all types of conditions, not just ideal ones. That being the case, AC sources used in test applications must not only supply a stable source of AC, they must also simulate power-line disturbances and other non-ideal situations.
US Department of Energy cracking down on idle adapters
December 13, 2013 4:24 pm | by Michael O'Loughlin, Senior Systems Solutions Engineer, Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | CommentsPortable devices such as cell phones, MP3 players and tablets have become popular over the years. Most people own at least two of these devices. Each device requires a power adapter to charge and provide power for these portable electronics.