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This page collects content for a future Note on '''Use Cases and Requirements for Access Control''' to be produced by the [http://www.w3.org/2012/ldp Linked Data Platform WG]. The [http://www.w3.org/2012/ldp/charter LDP Charter] states: | This page collects content for a future Note on '''Use Cases and Requirements for Access Control''' to be produced by the [http://www.w3.org/2012/ldp Linked Data Platform WG]. The [http://www.w3.org/2012/ldp/charter LDP Charter] states: | ||
Revision as of 14:02, 14 March 2013
This page collects content for a future Note on Use Cases and Requirements for Access Control to be produced by the Linked Data Platform WG. The LDP Charter states:
The Working Group will not produce a Recommendation specifying solutions for access control and authentication for Linked Data. However the Working Group may identify, based on a set of real world use cases, requirements for authentication and authorization technologies for use with Linked Data.
Deliverable, Not Recommendation Track: Access Control: Working Group Note on Use Cases and Requirements for access control and authentication mechanisms needed for this work.
- 1 How to Contribute
- 2 Access Control
- 3 Use Cases
- 3.1 Giving members of a (Working) Group (write) access to collections
- 3.2 Giving access to open sets of resources
- 3.3 Setting Access Control Policies for a Resource or set of resources
- 3.4 Finding out access control policies for a resource
- 3.5 Clearer Error reporting on access denial
- 3.6 Creating a new resource with ACL restrictions
- 3.7 LDP and Authentication/Authorization
- 4 Requirements (based on Use Cases)
- 5 Candidate Technologies to satisfy Requirements
1 How to Contribute
Contributors, please include a brief description and example. Ideally, this page will provide a little orientation and analysis of the resources in Chris Bizer's Semantic Web Trust and Security Resource Guide ( no longer updated )
2 Access Control
Access Control is a mechanism to enable or deny permissions to entities - individuals, groups of individuals or organizations - to perform operations on resources. In the case of LDP the resources are LDP resources but the access control may operate at different granularities: RDF documents, named graphs or individual triples. The operations are read, update, create and delete.
Entities need to be identified. See section on Identity below.
Depending on the granularity, the access control mechanisms can affect performance but should not affect semantics.
3 Use Cases
Please define here some access control use cases
3.1 Giving members of a (Working) Group (write) access to collections
When working with linked data one may need to give members of some group of individuals/robots write access to resources such as the ability to POST to a collection their preferred meeting time for an event. An example of such a group could be given by a linked data resource such as the foaf:Group of people who attended the TPAC webid/rww/social-web meetup. The group could be specified more generally even as "members of the group, and their direct colleagues". This means that access to the resource can be determined very flexibly by delegating responsibility of group membership to each member ( using linked data ). Editing such groups could then itself be done with LDP.
3.2 Giving access to open sets of resources
It should be possible to specify efficiently that large sets of resources (existing or not) are accessible to given agents. ( eg. by using POWDER to specify regexpressions on resources )
3.3 Setting Access Control Policies for a Resource or set of resources
It should be easy to use LDP to set access control policies for a resource or collection of resources. One could imagine for example a server that has a collection for creating user accounts. Anybody on the internet - or some subset perhaps -could POST to that collection and as a result create an new collection of type sioc:Account. That user should then be able to set the access control rules for the collection he created and indeed for individual resources.
3.4 Finding out access control policies for a resource
Some agents A wants access to a resource ( HTTP GET will do ), but is not allowed access. In some cases ( very high security systems in some circumstances ) nothing more should be said. But in most everyday scenarios it is very important to present the agent A some reasonable explanation for why he did not get access. A link from the requested resource to the access control policy would be very helpful. Perhaps A can find out that the particular resource is only visible to friends of some of the resource owners friends - in which case the requestor would know that by becoming friends with someone he could get access to the resource. Another resource may allow access to members of a group, which only those members can see the members of. That would at least allow members of the group to know if there was a bug in the server that denied them access. Without such information access control bugs would be impossible to debug.
3.5 Clearer Error reporting on access denial
A standard way to be more precise on refusals would be very useful to help debug systems and make user interactions on access control systems friendly and debuggable. Perhaps a 401 or 403 should also return some machine readable information on what the error was so that the client can distinguish clearly between different issues such as
- Authentication problem?
- Could not verify one of user's principals ( some type of identifier the user has)
- Network problem in verification step
- Authorization problem?
- User is not authorized for a certain action
- Network problem? ( could not access ACL )
- Access error: server could not access the ACL to determine the authorization ( due to ACL restrictions on the ACL)
- Logic problem: Server does not understand the vocabulary of the ACL
- ...
3.6 Creating a new resource with ACL restrictions
A bug database exists for some product. A user wishes to create a new bug report on a security issue ( by POSTing it to a collection ) but wants to make sure it has limited visibility to give the software vendor time to fix it. The Bug reports are normally publicly readable. If paranoid enough it seems that doing this in two steps may be too slow: creating the resource and then later changing the access control rule. So there is a case that this needs to be done at resource creation time.
3.7 LDP and Authentication/Authorization
Access to the Linked Data Platform often may require authentication and authorization. Access by clients can depend on the interaction context (different resources are needed for accomplishing different goals), client identity (different clients have different levels of access), and possibly client roles (access control may be coupled to roles instead of identities, in which case client/role associations need to be established) and/or client attributes (access control may be coupled to attributes which can be used even when the client identities are unknown, assuming that the attributes can be reliably determined). On the Web, many different ways of identification (establishing naming schemes that uniquely identify entities of interest), authentication (frameworks for verifying someone's claim to have an identity), and authorization (granting access to a resource based on an identity and some access control scheme) exist. In addition, in many cases platforms must integrate into existing scenarios around these issues, and cannot freely pick a framework from scratch. Thus, LDP should provide developers with some guidance around the following issues:
- How should LDP services integrate into existing landscapes of identification, authentication, and authorization? For some established technologies, maybe we can provide guidance and patterns on how to support them.
- What is a reasonable authentication and authorization model? LDP will be used to drive many different services, and these might have different models of how clients should have access to LDP services in the context of those specific application scenarios. What is a reasonable model so that LDP providers can handle this flexibility, and still can support identification, authentication, and authorization frameworks that are dictated by the environment? In this context, is it more reasonable to deal with roles or attributes in granting the access to the clients?
4 Requirements (based on Use Cases)
- Access Control Vocabularies
- Agent Identification
- Resource Identification
- ...
vocab | agent ID | resource ID | |
webacl | yes | ??? | ??? |
Shi3ld | ... | ... | |
triple ACLs | ... | ... |
5 Candidate Technologies to satisfy Requirements
5.1 Access Control Vocabularies
Some approaches to access control are discussed below.
5.1.1 W3C WebAccessControl
Grant Read|Write|Append|Control permissions for a principle identified by a URL to access another URL.
220.127.116.11 Examples
@prefix acl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/acl#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . [acl:accessTo <card.rdf>; acl:mode acl:Read; acl:agentClass foaf:Agent]. [acl:accessTo <card.rdf>; acl:mode acl:Read, acl:Write; acl:agent <card#i>].
This means that anyone may read card.rdf, and <card#i> can write it.
[acl:accessTo <card.rdf>; acl:mode acl:Read; acl:agentClass foaf:Agent]. [acl:accessTo <card.rdf>; acl:mode acl:Write; acl:agent <card#i>].
Because acl:agent has domain foaf:Agent the last line implies that <card#i> is a foaf:Agent.
5.1.2 Shi3ld
Shi3ld is an attribute-based authorization framework to protect RDF named graphs. Access Policies are defined using Semantic Web languages only (RDF and SPARQL).
In the example below, the policy :policy1 protects the named graph :ng1 from read access (i.e., SPARQL SELECT, CONSTRUCT and ASK queries). The policy contains a set of Access Conditions (:acs1) that includes the access condition :ac1. The latter allows access only if the user is located in a point of interest (POI) at given geo coordinates, with a radius of 500m.
:policy1 a s4ac:AccessPolicy; 4ac:appliesTo :ng1; s4ac:hasAccessPrivilege [a s4ac:Read]; s4ac:hasAccessConditionSet :acs1. :acs1 a s4ac:AccessConditionSet; s4ac:ConjunctiveAccessConditionSet; s4ac:hasAccessCondition :ac1. :ac1 a s4ac:AccessCondition; s4ac:hasQueryAsk """ASK { ?context a prissma:Context; prissma:environment ?env. ?env prissma:currentPOI ?poi. ?poi prissma:radius "500"; foaf:based_near ?p. ?p geo:lat "43.615811"; geo:long "7.068532".}""".
5.1.3 Oracle Triple-based Access Control
The Oracle RDF store, which is based on the Oracle Relational database, offers two granularities of access control: Model-based access control, based on a database view, allows access control through Grant/Revoke operations on the view, and triple-level access control through Oracle label security.
To enable triple-level security, triples and users are tagged with security labels. Labels determine the sensitivity of the data or the rights a person must posses in order to read or write the data. If the user's read label dominates the triple's read label, the user can access the triple. If the user's write label dominates the triple's write label, the user can update the triple. A Security Administrator assigns labels to users.
If the user writes a SPARQL query against the data, only the triples she is allowed to read are returned. Label information is hidden from the user.
5.2 Agent Identification
Below are some well known identity systems. These are well known ways of tying a user to a string, known as a Principal. These are not incompatible as shown in the Identity Interoperability wiki page.
5.2.1 HTTP Basic or Digest
RFC 2617 defines HTTP Basic and Digest authentication mechanisms.
5.2.2 WebID
WebID spec, defined at the WebID Incubator/Community group, is an efficient way using TLS and public key cryptography to identify a user by a URI which can itself be a Linked Data Resource, and so can be managed by LDP. TLS makes it easy to add protection per resource without requiring a resource to be tied to any further authentication end point, and allows for good error reporting ( when enhanced with semantic descriptions ). Attribute Exchange about the user can be done using LDP too.
5.2.3 OpenID
OpenID authentication also allows one to tie an identity to a resource that could be an LDP resource, though usually it is aimed at end users with little technical experience in order to help them log in to remote sites by tying their identity to their blog page. Attribute exchange is done with its own protocol rather than by using an Linked Data system. It also requires a lot of connections to authentify a user successfully, as shown by the OpenId sequence diagram.
5.2.4 BrowserID


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subset: commoncrawl


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If you are healthy enough to tolerate it, surgery is the first option to be considered when approaching the treatment of brain tumors . The goals of surgery depend on what type of tumor is suspected based on the history, clinical findings, and images. The hope is always that the entire tumor can be removed, although some tumor will remain after surgery with most tumor types. If only a small amount of tumor can be safely removed, most surgeons prefer to take a biopsy only to identify the tumor type. Then, non-operative therapies such as radiation are used.
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A biopsy is a sampling of tissue. The doctor examines the biopsy to make a diagnosis. Biopsy tissue can be obtained via a craniotomy, or it can be obtained through a smaller surgery called a stereotactic biopsy. The surgeon drills a small hole through the skull. Then, images are used to guide a needle into the brain and tumor. A sample of tissue is removed. The decision of whether to proceed with a biopsy or a larger craniotomy will be made by your surgical team.
Pressure inside the skull is a critical factor, since the brain is very sensitive to pressure changes. Increasing pressure impairs brain function rapidly and can be potentially fatal. If this happens, it can be treated with a procedure known as a shunt.
A small hole is made in the skull. Through this hole, a tube is inserted into one of the fluid-filled spaces inside the brain. The other end of the tube is passed under the skin from the head to the trunk where it drains fluid into the heart or abdomen. A one-way valve in the tube prevents back flow into the brain. A potential problem with a shunt is that when fluid is moved from the brain to the lower portions of the body, the brain tumor cells are also moved. This is a risk the patient and surgeon must discuss prior to the placement of a shunt.
Operating microscopes are commonly used during neurosurgery. Magnification increases the precision with which an operation can be done.
The surgeon may need to know exactly what function is performed by parts of the brain near the surgical site. There are several ways to map your brain. Some are used during surgery; while others do not require surgery. They may involve:
- Stimulating brain tissue with tiny electrical currents
- Measuring brain waves as they are stimulated
- Using ultrasound probes inside or near brain structures
- Probing the brain with special computerized devices
- Using special MRI scan techniques, such as functional MRI scan
- Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
- Magnetoencephalogram (MEG) to localize motor, sensory, and language function
Additional Surgical Procedures
Additional surgical procedures may include:
- Thermal destruction instruments such as lasers—can be placed in the exact spot to destroy tumor tissue
- Ultrasonic aspiration—breaks up tumor tissue and removes it from the brain; some tumors are most efficiently removed this way with less damage to normal brain tissue
- Internal sources of radiation or medications—can be administered within the tumor cavity
The blood supply to tumors can be identified by angiography . This blood supply can then be shut off by introducing a variety of plugs. These plugs can block the artery from the inside, causing the tumor to die from lack of blood flow.


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5 CFR Part 734, Subpart C - Prohibited Activities
- § 734.301 — Exclusion from coverage.
- § 734.302 — Use of official authority; prohibition.
- § 734.303 — Fundraising.
- § 734.304 — Candidacy for public office.
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- § 734.306 — Participation in political activities while on duty, in uniform, in any room or building occupied in the discharge of official duties, or using a Federal vehicle.
- § 734.307 — Campaigning for a spouse or family member.
Title 5 published on 2014-01-01
The following are only the Rules published in the Federal Register after the published date of Title 5.
For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 5 published on 2014-01-01
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curs_terminfo(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual curs_terminfo(3)
del_curterm, mvcur, putp, restartterm, set_curterm, setterm, setupterm, tigetflag, tigetnum, tigetstr, tparm, tputs, vid_attr, vid_puts, vidattr, vidputs - curses interfaces to terminfo database
#include <curses.h> #include <term.h> int setupterm(char *term, int fildes, int *errret); int setterm(char *term); TERMINAL *set_curterm(TERMINAL *nterm); int del_curterm(TERMINAL *oterm); int restartterm(const char *term, int fildes, int *errret); char *tparm(char *str, ...); int tputs(const char *str, int affcnt, int (*putc)(int)); int putp(const char *str); int vidputs(chtype attrs, int (*putc)(int)); int vidattr(chtype attrs); int vid_puts(attr_t attrs, short pair, void *opts, int (*putc)(char)); int vid_attr(attr_t attrs, short pair, void *opts); int mvcur(int oldrow, int oldcol, int newrow, int newcol); int tigetflag(char *capname); int tigetnum(char *capname); char *tigetstr(char *capname);
These low-level routines must be called by programs that have to deal directly with the terminfo database to handle certain terminal capabilities, such as programming function keys. For all other functionality, curses routines are more suitable and their use is recommended. Initially, setupterm should be called. Note that setupterm is automatically called by initscr and newterm. This de- fines the set of terminal-dependent variables [listed in terminfo(5)]. The terminfo variables lines and columns are initialized by setupterm as follows: If use_env(FALSE) has been called, values for lines and columns specified in ter- minfo are used. Otherwise, if the environment variables LINES and COLUMNS exist, their values are used. If these environment variables do not exist and the program is run- ning in a window, the current window size is used. Other- wise, if the environment variables do not exist, the values for lines and columns specified in the terminfo database are used. The header files curses.h and term.h should be included (in this order) to get the definitions for these strings, numbers, and flags. Parameterized strings should be passed through tparm to instantiate them. All terminfo strings [in- MirOS BSD #10-current Printed 13.4.2015 1 curs_terminfo(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual curs_terminfo(3) cluding the output of tparm] should be printed with tputs or putp. Call the reset_shell_mode to restore the tty modes before exiting [see curs_kernel(3)]. Programs which use cursor addressing should output enter_ca_mode upon startup and should output exit_ca_mode before exiting. Programs desiring shell escapes should call reset_shell_mode and output exit_ca_mode before the shell is called and should output enter_ca_mode and call reset_prog_mode after returning from the shell. The setupterm routine reads in the terminfo database, ini- tializing the terminfo structures, but does not set up the output virtualization structures used by curses. The termi- nal type is the character string term; if term is null, the environment variable TERM is used. All output is to file descriptor fildes which is initialized for output. If errret is not null, then setupterm returns OK or ERR and stores a status value in the integer pointed to by errret. A return value of OK combined with status of 1 in errret is normal. If ERR is returned, examine errret: 1 means that the terminal is hardcopy, cannot be used for curses applications. 0 means that the terminal could not be found, or that it is a generic type, having too little in- formation for curses applications to run. -1 means that the terminfo database could not be found. If errret is null, setupterm prints an error message upon finding an error and exits. Thus, the simplest call is: setupterm((char *)0, 1, (int *)0);, which uses all the defaults and sends the output to stdout. The setterm routine is being replaced by setupterm. The call: setupterm(term, 1, (int *)0) provides the same functionality as setterm(term). The set- term routine is included here for BSD compatibility, and is not recommended for new programs. The set_curterm routine sets the variable cur_term to nterm, and makes all of the terminfo boolean, numeric, and string variables use the values from nterm. It returns the old value of cur_term. MirOS BSD #10-current Printed 13.4.2015 2 curs_terminfo(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual curs_terminfo(3) The del_curterm routine frees the space pointed to by oterm and makes it available for further use. If oterm is the same as cur_term, references to any of the terminfo boolean, numeric, and string variables thereafter may refer to in- valid memory locations until another setupterm has been called. The restartterm routine is similar to setupterm and initscr, except that it is called after restoring memory to a previ- ous state (for example, when reloading a game saved as a core image dump). It assumes that the windows and the input and output options are the same as when memory was saved, but the terminal type and baud rate may be different. Ac- cordingly, it saves various tty state bits, does a setup- term, and then restores the bits. The tparm routine instantiates the string str with parame- ters pi. A pointer is returned to the result of str with the parameters applied. The tputs routine applies padding information to the string str and outputs it. The str must be a terminfo string vari- able or the return value from tparm, tgetstr, or tgoto. affcnt is the number of lines affected, or 1 if not applica- ble. putc is a putchar-like routine to which the characters are passed, one at a time. The putp routine calls tputs(str, 1, putchar). Note that the output of putp always goes to stdout, not to the fildes specified in setupterm. The vidputs routine displays the string on the terminal in the video attribute mode attrs, which is any combination of the attributes listed in curses(3). The characters are passed to the putchar-like routine putc. The vidattr routine is like the vidputs routine, except that it outputs through putchar. The vid_attr and vid_puts routines correspond to vidattr and vidputs, respectively. They use a set of arguments for representing the video attributes plus color, i.e., one of type attr_t for the attributes and one of short for the color_pair number. The vid_attr and vid_puts routines are designed to use the attribute constants with the WA_ prefix. The opts argument is reserved for future use. Currently, ap- plications must provide a null pointer for that argument. The mvcur routine provides low-level cursor motion. It takes effect immediately (rather than at the next refresh). MirOS BSD #10-current Printed 13.4.2015 3 curs_terminfo(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual curs_terminfo(3) The tigetflag, tigetnum and tigetstr routines return the value of the capability corresponding to the terminfo cap- name passed to them, such as xenl. The tigetflag routine returns the value -1 if capname is not a boolean capability, or 0 if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description. The tigetnum routine returns the value -2 if capname is not a numeric capability, or -1 if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description. The tigetstr routine returns the value (char *)-1 if capname is not a string capability, or 0 if it is canceled or absent from the terminal description. The capname for each capability is given in the table column entitled capname code in the capabilities section of termin- fo(5). char *boolnames, *boolcodes, *boolfnames char *numnames, *numcodes, *numfnames char *strnames, *strcodes, *strfnames These null-terminated arrays contain the capnames, the termcap codes, and the full C names, for each of the termin- fo variables.
Routines that return an integer return ERR upon failure and OK (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than ERR") upon successful completion, unless otherwise noted in the preceding routine descriptions. Routines that return pointers always return NULL on error. X/Open defines no error conditions. In this implementation del_curterm returns an error if its terminal parameter is null. restartterm returns an error if the associated call to setup- term returns an error. setupterm returns an error if it cannot allocate enough memory, or create the initial windows (stdscr, curscr, newscr). Other error conditions are docu- MirOS BSD #10-current Printed 13.4.2015 4 curs_terminfo(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual curs_terminfo(3) mented above.
The setupterm routine should be used in place of setterm. It may be useful when you want to test for terminal capabili- ties without committing to the allocation of storage in- volved in initscr. Note that vidattr and vidputs may be macros.
The function setterm is not described in the XSI Curses standard and must be considered non-portable. All other functions are as described in the XSI curses standard. In System V Release 4, set_curterm has an int return type and returns OK or ERR. We have chosen to implement the XSI Curses semantics. In System V Release 4, the third argument of tputs has the type int (*putc)(char). The XSI Curses standard prototypes tparm with a fixed number of parameters, rather than a variable argument list. This implementation uses a variable argument list. Portable ap- plications should provide 9 parameters after the format; zeroes are fine for this purpose. XSI notes that after calling mvcur, the curses state may not match the actual terminal state, and that an application should touch and refresh the window before resuming normal curses calls. Both ncurses and System V Release 4 curses im- plement mvcur using the SCREEN data allocated in either in- itscr or newterm. So though it is documented as a terminfo function, mvcur is really a curses function which is not well specified.
curses(3), curs_initscr(3), curs_kernel(3), curs_termcap(3), putc(3), terminfo(5) MirOS BSD #10-current Printed 13.4.2015 5
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How do I open an Audacity project (AUP file) in another program?
Audacity project files are saved in a special format that only Audacity can open. To open your project in another program or burn it to CD, firstly open the .aup file in Audacity if you have already saved one (if you saved it recently it will be in the File > Recent Files menu). Then use the Export commands further down the File menu to save the audio in a standard format like WAV or AIFF.
To learn more about working with Audacity projects, please see our File Management Tips on the Audacity Wiki.


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- Red Bull USA - Sports & Entertainment News | Teams & Athletes
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- Go Skateboarding Day Rocks NYC
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Action Sports Content
Shipyard Skate Session Jan 28, 2010
Ryan Decenzo, Brandon Biebel, Ron Deily and Zered Bassett hit up Vancouver, Canada, with local skater Magnus Hanson for a session at a local shipyard. Later that day, the crew set up for an epic...
Tampa Pro Day 2 Mar 17, 2010
Qualifying rounds for the 2010 Tampa Pro, featuring Ryan Decenzo, Joey Brezinski, Zered Bassett and Ryan Sheckler.
A Day in the Life of NYC Bike Courier Austin Horse Oct 7, 2010
Multiple North American courier champion Austin Horse gives us a whistlestop tour of a typical but totally crazy day as a New York City bicycle messenger.
Riders Announced for Red Bull Trick or Treat BMX contest in NYC Oct 13, 2010
Edwin De La Rosa has revealed the invites for the 2010 Red Bull Trick or Treat event in Brooklyn; teams of two riders will go trick-for-trick in a jam session elimination format at Newtown Barge Park.
Related Content
Zered Bassett 'super stoked' about new pro deal Oct 22, 2012
Zered Bassett, the New York pro known for his fluid style over even the gnarliest NYC terrain, last week signed a deal with Expedition skateboards.
Happy Go Skateboarding Day! Jun 21, 2012
From Venice Beach to Queens -- and all points in between -- skaters will hit the streets and skateparks to celebrate Go Skateboarding Day, which was started in 2003.
Watch Zered Bassett Shred on His New UXA Board Jun 18, 2012
In advance of their Code Zered deck, which goes on sale Thursday, Zered Bassett and UXA dropped this short-and-sweet video over the weekend.
Code Zered: Zered Bassett x UXA Jun 13, 2012
The New York City skater, who recently parted ways with Zoo York, teams up with UXA for a guest deck, the Code Zered, which goes on sale on Go Skateboarding Day.
Zered Bassett Rips NYC Jun 7, 2012
Red Bull skater Zered Bassett moved to downtown Manhattan when he was 18. In this new video, he tours his favorite skate spots, while turning the city into his own personal playground.


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So You Think You Know WordsPRO
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If you dig on crosswords, you probably think you know words. But do you really know words? Put it to the test with The Smyth Group, Inc.'s So You Think You Know Words puzzles, in which each playful clue has not one correct answer but three.
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Bug fixes and improvements.
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Automotive transactions and trends
In this report, we review the global automotive mergers and acquisitions that took place in 2Q14, and look ahead at the expected future trends.
Automotive transactions and trends
Automotive Capital Confidence Barometer
Automotive Business Pulse
The quest for telematics 4.0: Dialogue with the value chain stakeholders
Megatrends shaping the Latin American light vehicle market
Cash on the road 2013
The Eurozone and the automotive sector
Russian and CIS automotive industry
An overview of the Russian and CIS automotive industry
Integrated services for automotive manufacturers, suppliers and retailers
Today's automotive industry is affected by many trends. Governments are tempering the need for revenue with increased competition for labor and capital. Tax authorities are adapting their enforcement strategies, focus and policies in response to the changing dynamics of business. Companies are balancing competing priorities, ensuring they maintain compliance while adding value.
Through EY's Global Automotive network, we can assist you with these critical issues. Our 7,000 automotive-focused professionals collaborate and share knowledge around the world, to provide consistent, high-quality service to our automotive clients.
Key issues in today's automotive environment include:
- Mega trends impacting the next decade
The global recession reset the automotive industry landscape. As the industry recovers, automotive companies across the value chain must focus on:
- profitable and sustainable growth
- financial and operational flexibility
- investments in new technologies
- seizing opportunities in high-growth markets
Automotive companies should ask themselves the following five questions to help prepare for the next decade.
- How will products need to adapt?
- How will business models need to adapt?
- What are the new market dynamics?
- What are the supply/value chain issues and implications?
- How will demand for vehicles and mobility evolve?
When we thought about the possible ways automakers could answer these questions, those answers led us to identify eight mega trends shaping the industry over the next decade. Knowing more about these mega trends can help you understand how your business can leverage opportunities in the industry.
Related materials:
- Electric vehicles and alternative technologies
The growing interest in alternative powertrain technologies, especially the increased electrification of vehicles, is affecting the entire automotive industry value chain and creating new mobility trends involving several new, non-automotive stakeholders.
Existing vehicle manufacturers (VMs) are adding alternatively powered vehicles to their product line-ups, such as plug-in hybrids and pure electric vehicles, while new market entrants are using transformation of mobility drivers as their door into the automotive industry.
Our Advanced Mobility Group is poised to help automotive companies navigate this transformation, including assistance with investment decision support, business process change, strategy and increased collaboration.
Increasing your understanding of new opportunities is our goal. In addition to traditional automotive companies, we also work with:
- Cities looking for a sustainable EV infrastructure strategy
- Policy-makers designing EV industry support mechanisms to jump-start the market
- Utilities looking for new revenue streams and greater client engagement
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- Fleet managers evaluating new powertrain architecture
- Finance executives assessing the tax and finance implications of leasing EVs
- Manufacturers looking for government incentives for R&D and other projects
- Entrepreneurs trying to craft a winning business model
- VMs fine-tuning their downstream strategy
Related materials:
- Deploying autonomous vehicles (AVs)
- Automotive industry: the quest for telematics 4.0
- The quest for telematics 4.0: Dialogue with the value chain: Detroit executive roundtable summary
- The quest for Telematics 4.0: Creating sustainable value propositions supporting car-web integration
- Video: Global telematics update
- Reinventing urban mobility
- Beyond the plug: finding value in the electric vehicle charging ecosystem
- Global consumer views on PHEVs and EVs
- Video: North American International Auto Show
- Video: Perspectives on China from the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show
For more information, contact Jean-Francois Tremblay, Advanced Mobility Group Leader.
- Rapid-response guidance on current events
In moments of crisis or unforeseen transitions, it's important to have a support network to turn to for guidance. From natural disasters to company mergers and changes in tax regulations, automotive companies are not immune to the effects of the unexpected.
Our global automotive analysts continuously monitor the industry's ecosystem to identify events that pose significant uncertainty - in terms of opportunities or risk - and assess potential outcomes and implications for stakeholders.
Turn to us for industry specific rapid response guidance when you're faced with unexpected changes.
Related materials:
- Emerging markets changing the automotive industry
The rise of emerging markets gives the automotive industry a new business prospective. Challenges and opportunities exist in a growing middle class, evolving government regulations and increasing competition.
Whether you have a tight focus on the BRIC countries or want to see the full range of emerging market growth, we provide a global perspective.
Related materials:
- Mega trends shaping the Chinese light vehicle industry
- Mega trends in India's light vehicle industry
- Impact of Beijing's license quota system
- Russian and CIS automotive industry
- The Central and Eastern European automotive market
- Video: Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition
- Video: Mexico's growing automotive industry
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Rich Hall
Since appearing in the guise of his redneck alter-ego Otis Lee Crenshaw in 1998, award-winning Rich has won critical acclaim across the Globe by performing to sell-out audiences each year at the Edinburgh Fringe, throughout sell-out UK tours and at comedy festivals worldwide.
Rich has also become well known for his television and radio work. Notable UK appearances include regular appearances on 'Stand Up For The Week' (Channel 4), 'QI' (BBC1/2), 'Live At The Apollo' (BBC1), 'Channel 4's Comedy Gala Live At The O2', 'Have I Got News For You' (BBC1), 'Rich Hall's Cattle Drive' (BBC4), 'Rich Hall's Gone Fishing' (BBC4), 'Otis Lee Crenshaw – London Not Tennessee' (BBC2) and 'Never Mind The Buzzcocks' (BBC2).
'Creeps up on you and ambushes your funny bone like no one else' (The Scotsman)
'Now is the time to grab this chance to see the great man at work' (The Guardian)
'As close as it gets to a guaranteed good show' (Scotland On Sunday)
'Rich Hall is a comedy phenomenon' (The Sun)
'Top drawer stuff from a comedian who just seems to get better and better' (STV)
'Immaculate wordplay imbued with a genuine passion for the songwriter's craft' (The Times)
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'... quite simply brilliant musical comedy' (London Is Funny).
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4th of July Sales 2015
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Here you can find General Knowledge interview questions with answers and explanation.
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» Personal Loan No Credit Check, Online Economics » Basidienpilze » Spr » Topics begins with E
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Singer Sunidhi Chauhan gets married to singer cum composer Hitesh Sonik. On Thursday night, the newlyweds threw a grand bash for their friends and close ones. The guests were mainly from the music world. Kunal Ganjawala, Shaan with his wife, Raghav Sachar, Lalit Pandit, Anu Malik, Abhijee...read more
Sonali Kulkarni News
Actress Sonali Kulkarni gets married to Nachiket Pantvaidya in Pune yesterday. It was a quite wedding and no one could smell that the nuptial between the two is going to take place. Only close ones of Sonali attended the ceremony. Best known for her role in 'Dil Chahata Hai' opposite...read more
Sonali Kulkarni who starred in Dil Chahata Hai opposite Saif Ali Khan has finally shed down her next door girl image by donning semi nude in ...read more


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Hotel Overview
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The Club Level at our luxury resort presents continuous culinary offerings throughout the day and is the ideal place for a luxurious Cancun vacation.
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CLOUT x ELM Company for Benny Diar "Death Cheater" Fitted Cap Review
Fitted CapCLOUT teamed up with ELM Company, graphic designer Sammy Rodriguez and sign painter Sean Barton on a special benefit project to help raise some much needed funds for the medical costs, therapy, care and well being of the now paralyzed graffiti writer and artist Benny Diar. Benny was in a horrific car accident in February 2008 that left him paralyzed from the neck down. Medical problems from the accident almost killed him multiple times in the weeks following but has since pulled through. Benny still has serious medical problems occasionally arise but he has an incredible will to live and has been working very hard to regain as much of his life and independence as possible. Throughout his recovery, Benny has remained dedicated to art, exploring other mediums and has since started to use acrylics and paints using his mouth to control the brush. The Death Cheater logo was designed by Sammy and Sean Barton is behind the Benny Diar hand featured on back of the cap. Underneath the hat is a silver satin lining and a woven Original CLOUT logo label with some tape shared by both CLOUT and ELM Company.


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I've heard from a few readers today (more like annoyed readers) who attempted to get into the Babolat-sponsored LIVE CHAT with Rafael Nadal and were unable to get through. Some even tried to stop by early and were told it was at capacity already.
Is there anyone out there who made it into the chat with the Mallorcan Matador? Let us know!
And for those of you who didn't (myself included), feel free to leave your uncensored thoughts in the comments section.
*still wearing very pissed-off face*
UPDATE: Click here for LIVE CHAT transcript in case you missed it (and no doubt most of you did. Boo.)
UPDATE #2: Thanks to Meri again for sending over Part 2 of the the Matador shooting a TV ad most likely for Banesto. We get suited up Rafa, casual clad in jeans Rafa, and I'm-about-to-bust-out-laughing-I-swear Rafa. CHECK IT -
Thursday, February 5, 2009
(UPDATED) Rafa LIVE CHAT: Did anyone get through? Anyone??
Labels: media, Rafael Nadal, sponsorship, tennis
35 comments:
- johanneFebruary 5, 2009 at 10:53 AM
Yeah I most certainly DID NOT get through. I've had a shit couple of days and this was going to cheer me up, even if it was just for an hour. Well now that's gone to hell.
*def still wearing very pissed-off face too. But not at Rafa. At Babolat* - AnonymousFebruary 5, 2009 at 11:05 AM
didn't get through :(
hopefully there's a transcript lol I got through eventually! I can post a transcript if you'd like, but it really wasn't very interesting. Didn't even sound like Rafa was really answering and there were not really 'live photos' or video (just about 5 ever repeating pictures of him laughing).
The questions were terrible. They've all been asked before. The only new thing I found out was that he likes Dragon Ball (looool) and carries the DVDs around with him.- NerdHooliganFebruary 5, 2009 at 11:25 AM
I caught the first two questions on the non-live feed, but it stopped refreshing after that. The site has posted the highlights, but even that is hard to get to right now.
The questions I caught were something like:
What do you think your best qualities are?
Rafa: I don't know really, I don't usually talk about myself
and, How many hours do you spend practicing?
Rafa: In the pre-season 7-8 hours a day, and during tournaments, when am not playing a game that day, twice a day.
That wasn't word for word but it's all i remember. I'm reading the chat and for those who didn't get in you don't worry he answered the same questions he always gets favorite food, what he does on his free time, rackets, practice time and a lot I love you Rafa. The only interesting thing is that he likes Dragonball and the cute live camera shots. So if you had any dirty questions he wasn't even going to get it there was a moderator. The chat was really crap.
ReplyDelete- AnonymousFebruary 5, 2009 at 11:54 AM
the whole thing was real disappointment. 90% people couldn't get in. once who got in after 40 min of clicking "refresh" button couldn't ask question. question were lame, waste of time for both, the fans and Rafa (if he even was there)
ReplyDelete - AnonymousFebruary 5, 2009 at 12:28 PM
Didn't get through either. Transcript is on his website but that sure doesn't seem like an hour's worth of questions.
ReplyDelete - johanneFebruary 5, 2009 at 1:03 PM
Commiserations all, even those who got in!! Rafa is just waaaaaay too popular and Babolat should have known their server would crash unless they upped the anty significantly. Oh well. It's still fun to read thru the q's, even tho most are stuff I totally already know!! Maybe us Rafanatics should publish a book "Things We Already Know About Rafa and The Things We Want to Know About Rafa." Who wants to help me?? :)
ReplyDelete - johanneFebruary 5, 2009 at 1:31 PM
Babzies: obvies ;)
It has got to be so annoying for Rafa (even with as nice and as gracious as he is) that he has to explain himself over and over again. If I have to hear one more time that he didn't have any idols growing up or that he probably would have been a football player if he wasn't a tennis player, I am going to punch somebody in the face. - arancziFebruary 5, 2009 at 1:52 PM
quotes from Oz Open
Nadia Petrova explains that she doesn't know how Sara Errani plays.
"I've never felt her balls."
LOL LOL LOL LOLLLLLLLLLLLL"S - arancziFebruary 5, 2009 at 1:52 PM
quotes from Oz Open
Nadia Petrova explains that she doesn't know how Sara Errani plays.
"I've never felt her balls."
LOL LOL LOL LOLLLLLLLLLLLL"S Alrighty then, aranczi.
Back to Rafa. First and foremost, THANK YOU, Rich and Meri for the goodies. natch likey. *smacks lips*
The only thing about the transcript I like was the chick who said, "My mom and I like watching you." Yeah, I know why your mom does, little girl.
On to the vid. Whoever got to run his or her(I couldn't tell) fingers through his hair? Probably orgasmed on the spot.I really wanted to get on and ask if he'd consider posing for a gay mag, like Feli Lopez did recently. Tragically, no joy, and I couldn't even log on. All the questions he got asked are so generic, it seems like the Babolat moderator let only the mildest and least exciting ones through. BOO.
ReplyDelete- johanneFebruary 5, 2009 at 3:41 PM
GOD he's HOT!!! Rafa in jeans just really really really does it for me...those thighs that ASS. Si! Si! Si! :D
ReplyDelete Yeah same here johanne, hope at least the videos made your week a little better!
I'm sure his PR person, Benito, looked over the questions to make sure they were boring and uninteresting.
And how is it a "live chat" if some of the questions are what they called "pre-registered".
That's total BS. *yawns loudly*- johanneFebruary 5, 2009 at 5:53 PM
Thanks all for the good wishes! This site (and let's be honest, all Rafasites) have helped me take my mind off other matters, so please keep up the great posts Rich, and the hilarious commentary, Rafanatics. You guys are the best!
natch: An evening with Rafathoughts does more than just soothe me, let me tell you ;)
b2012: We're totally on the same page. Rafa has blogged for the Times before, I know he likes shrimp and fish and cookies & cream ice cream. What I DON'T know is his favorite position...let's go, people! Get with the program!
RiCH: I'm sure Benito also wanted to make sure there was plenty of time for non-questions as well. Such as "Thanks for answering my question, Rafa!" LOL Now I just sound bitter. Whatever you love it! ;) The video just makes me go PURRRRR..... Love how they did his hair - it looks so full of volume and shiny and.... wanna run my fingers through it, dammit!!
And his half-smiles just make me go wild, seriously.
On the transcript: You guys are SO right, we need to get ourselves organized and have a book of interesting questions published! I'm SO in!
Plus, I think it's really time my dead-boring assistant job finally pays off and someone'll hire me as Rafa's PA.
"Senor Nadal, may I assist you with the... pants?"- AnonymousFebruary 6, 2009 at 4:08 AM
Guys chat worked fine to me...First it said the chat is overloaded, then i just refreshed the window and it worked great... I think Rafa was answering Q himself, he wasn't typing it tho too good for his English... it must have been Benito again. And yey all the same Q and several boring must-answer Babolat questions. Btw wot was that comment by moderator "check ur mails u will receive sth from babolat soon?"
ReplyDelete - manfredFebruary 6, 2009 at 8:58 AM
Babolat obviously couldn't cope with the demand and IMHO they should have done the LiveChat in Spanish if they wanted to get interesting original questions. It never ceases to amaze me how banal and trivial the questions put by English speakers on his Times Online blog/Q&A site are compared to the lengthy interesting ones Spanish readers ask him about his tennis, life and opinions at the parallel ELMUNDO blog/Q&A site. :)
ReplyDelete - AnonymousFebruary 6, 2009 at 9:58 AM
manfred: Questions in English = questions from around the globe! It doesn't matter how well the person asking speaks/writes English, if they can manage to put some words together, they'll do it! There are ridiculous amounts of grammar errors and weird putting of words together and it's obvious to me that person does not speak English very well, but they can get through to Rafa this way. So it does not surprise me in the least that any Spanish interviews are going to be 10 times more interesting. It's just the nature of the beast.


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Meg Farris / Eyewitness News
Email: email@example.com | Twitter: @megfarriswwl
NEW ORLEANS -- This area has one of the highest rates of diabetes, and with that comes complications.
But now there could be a breakthrough treatment for one of those complications.
In 2011, a Metairie school teacher told us about her diabetes and neuropathy. That's the nerve damage that happens in about 70 percent of diabetics.
'I started feeling the tingling, the tingling that you get, and then you don't notice it at first because it's a slow onset. It's like, one day, it almost feels like pins and needles at some point. And then it gets to be where it's not as active. You don't feel that that tingle anymore,' said Susan Doell in November 2011.
At the time, she was trying a prescription of vitamin B called Metanx. It's a medical food made at Pamlab, L.L.C. in Covington, Louisiana that is more like the natural form in foods that better absorb. Tulane Chief of Endocrinology Dr. Vivian Fonseca was testing Metanx along with other doctors around the U.S.
Now that study is over, and results look promising.
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Metanx is a higher dose of three types of vitamin B found naturally in food. And it's not synthetic like many over-the-counter vitamins.
'Those who had the lowest levels of vitamins, in a very subtle way, those who had lower vitamin levels did better, which makes a lot of sense in two ways. Firstly, vitamin deficiency is much more common than we think, because people don't eat the really healthy foods that have all those things,' said Dr. Fonseca.
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The study has not started yet, but to get your name on a volunteer list for clinical trials, call Tulane at 504-988-0200.


text:
This is where the most frequently asked questions, the repeats, the je ne sais quoi of Dish inquiries can be collected.
Q: How many receivers can I lease?
A: As of 2/1/2010, you may lease up to 3 receivers with up to two outputs each.
Q: What receivers are available?
A: Dish has both single-output "Solo" receivers and dual-output "Duo" receivers with both standard def and HD capabilities. The Hopper whole home DVR is also available. The breakdown is as follows:
* | Solo | SoloDVR | Duo | DuoDVR | Sling DuoDVR | Hopper | Joey |
HD (MPEG4) | 211k/211/411 | 612 | 222/222k | 622/722/722k | 922 | x | x |
Add'l Rcvr Charge | $7 | $10 | $14 | $17 | $20 | $7, $12 after 5/22/13 | $7 |
Dual-output receivers allow for two independently controlled televisions; the 2nd output (TV2) is standard-def only.
The Hopper and Joey are a whole-home DVR system that allows for HD at every television.
Q: How many wires need to be run per Dish receiver?
A: Using a Dish Pro Plus and diplexers, there only needs to be one Coax outlet available for a receiver; if there are multiple tuners or a TV2 backfeed, they will be split and diplexed back into the single cable behind your receiver.
Q: Does Dish do Multi-Room Viewing (MRV)?
A dual-output "Duo" tuner allows up to two televisions access to everything on the main receiver, with the second in SD. The Hopper is a true MRV (aka Whole Home DVR) solution that allows for a single DVR with HD multiroom viewing.
Q: What channels are in x package and how much does it cost?
Q: Will Dish ever get MLB: Extra Innings again?
A: The earliest that Dish will be able to re-bid for MLB:EI is 2012(?)
Q: What's the difference between "Eastern Arc" and "Western Arc"?
A:"Eastern Arc" is Dish's name for a fairly new grouping of 3 satellite orbital locations meant to provide service to the eastern half of the US. Orbital locations include 61.5 WL, 72.7 WL, and 77 WL. 72.7 and 77 are Canadian and Mexican orbital slots, respectively, that Dish is leasing from the host country, which is why the sats are unusually close to each other. Much of the programming on these satellites, including standard-definition programming, is encoded with MPEG v4 compression, which means that all Eastern Arc subscribers must have all MPEG4-capable receivers. Eastern Arc requires the 1000.4 dish (or the rarely-used 1000.5 dish in a few locations), which can support 3 DPP receivers and has an input for a 4th orbital location.
"Western Arc" is Dish's name for the original grouping of 3 satellite orbital locations that has traditionally provided service to the entire country, but going forward will be primarily for the western half of the US. Orbial locations include 110 WL, 119 WL, and 129 WL. The 1000.2 dish is the most common dish configuration, but older setups used the original 1000 dish or even a pair of 500 dishes, one pointed at 119/110 and a "wing" dish pointed at 129. Standard definition programming is all MPEG2, so any modern receiver will work. HD requires MPEG4-capable receivers. Standard-definition only requires the 119/110 orbital locations, which is normally served with a Dish 500.
Q: Can I get out of market teams with the Multi Sports Pack?
A: No pro teams, no. You can pick up some extra college games.
Q: What is an LNB?
A: LNB(-F) = Low-Noise Block-down converter (with Feedhorn attached)
An LNB converts a block of high-frequency radio signals (that travel easily through the air) down to a lower frequency range that can pass more easily through coax cable and can be tuned by a satellite tuner. Great care is taken to ensure that very little "noise" is introduced into the signal during this conversion. Small-dish satellites use LNBs with integrated feedhorns, unlike older C-band and other satellite LNB designs where the feedhorn is a separate, detachable unit.
Any LNB pack that is capable of picking up more than one orbital location will have some kind of integrated multiswitch, allowing a single output to have access to all of the orbital locations as needed. The design of these switches can and has varied. Most Dish Network dishes installed today use LNBs with integrated DishProPlus (DPP) switches, which allow a dual-tuner receiver to have both tuners fed via a single coax cable.
Q: What is LNB Drift?
The drift is a term using to describe changes (deviation) of LOF (local oscillator's frequency) inside of the LNBF. Actually DP and DPP LNBFs has two LOFs.
Post a screenshot(s) with the diagnostics and we will explain each number on it.
If you go to the System Info screen (Menu, 6, 1, 3), and if you get an "ERROR: Click Details" message instead of "Good", you can go into Details and it will show you if one or more of your LNBs are drifting, and what the drift value is. If the number is 6 or greater, the LNB needs to be replaced. thanks, BattleZone!
Q: What's Free HD for Life? Can I get it?
A: Free HD for Life is a relatively new Dish promotion. It removes the $10 HD Enabling fee from your account. There are three ways to get it:
1. Sign up for and maintain autopay and paperless billing with a 24-month commitment.
2. Pay a one-time fee of $99
3. Be grandfathered in by having subscribed to "HD+PLATINUM FOR $10" customer before June 3, 2010
It's available to both new and current customers.
Q: What happened to Dish Family?
A: The Dish Family package was removed from the lineup in February 2010. Existing subscribers are grandfathered in until they change programming.
Q: Dish removed a channel I REALLY REALLY WANTED. Do I have to pay an ETF? They violated their contract with me!!!
A: Yes you still do. Your agreement allows for these types of disputes. From the Residential Customer Agreement, with emphasis:
I. Changes in Services Offered. We may add, delete, rearrange and/or change any and all programming, programming packages and other Services that we offer, as well as the prices and fees related to such programming, programming packages and Services, at any time, including without limitation, during any term commitment period to which you have agreed. If a change affects you, we will notify you of such change and its effective date. In the event that we delete, rearrange or change any programming, programming packages or other Services, we have no obligation to replace or supplement such programming, programming packages or other Services. You are not entitled to any refund because of a deletion, rearrangement or change of any programming, programming packages or other Services.
It's not to say that you can't get your ETF waived, but it's highly unlikely to happen.
Q: I'm missing HD channels I used to have! What happened?
It's most likely that you are set up on a "split arc" with two dishes, one pointing at 61.5 (one eye) and another pointing at 110 and 119 (two eyes).
You should call Dish and ask for a tech to review your setup. Depending on where you're located you'll receive either a single Eastern Arc (61.5/72.7/77) dish or a single Western Arc (110/119/129) dish. Eastern Arc setups also require all ViP receivers due to the newer MPEG4 compression being used.
Q: What are the Hopper and Joey receivers?
Formerly referred to as the XiP 813 and XiP 110 respectively, the Hopper system is Dish Network's whole-home DVR service with HD available at all locations. It is a 3-tuner DVR called Hopper that has a 2 terabyte hard drive and the capability to record up to 3 satellite feeds and act as a 'master' DVR for the small Joey boxes that would be connected at other TVs in the house. The Hopper also has a feature called PrimeTime Anytime where it can record the "Big 4" networks (ABC/NBC/CBS/Fox) during primetime hours, allowing it to record up to 6 satellite channels simultaneously. Both the Hopper and the Joey have a single-button "Find My Remote" feature on the front of the receiver as well.
Q: If the Hopper only has 3 tuners, how does PrimeTime Anytime Work?
PrimeTime Anytime only requires 1 of the 3 available tuners to record 4 HD LiL channels because it records the entire transponder where those HD LiL channels are transmitted. Each nightly "transponder dump" is kept for 8 days, so on any given day you will have access to potentially 2 episodes of any given prime time program. Also, there is supposed to be a method by which you can separate out individual programs from this "transponder dump" if you want to keep them on your DVR longer than the 8-day timeframe.
Q: What should my signal levels be when I do a Check Switch?
Handily, we have a spreadsheet that DIRT was kind enough to post with levels for every DMA. Check it out here.
Q: My Joeys can't access Home Media/the Internet. What do I do?
Enable Bridging on your Hopper. It's a hidden setting. Press YELLOW - BLUE - SELECT - RED - MoCA - BLUE - BLUE and "Bridging" will appear. Select it and enable bridging on the Ethernet-connected Hopper.
Q: How much is the Early Termination Fee (ETF)?
Effective January 17, 2013 the ETF is now a prorated $20/mo, meaning that for each month remaining on your contract you'll pay $20. It's only effective on term agreements signed AFTER January 17, 2013. If you are on an existing agreement that fee won't increase unless you sign a new agreement.
Archived questions
Q: Why doesn't Dish have MLB Network or MLB: Extra Innings?
[indent=1]A: When the MLB Network started, MLB required providers that wanted Extra Innings and the MLB Network to "buy a piece" of the network. Dish CEO Charlie Ergen isn't interested in owning "pieces" of a channel, and chose not to buy in.
Edited by RasputinAXP, 10 January 2014 - 10:54 AM.
Added 2013 pricing.


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During routine partner monitoring, Kiva learned that LEAP's delinquency data may be understated due to technical problems with their reporting software. Because this report is key to our analysis of the risk of this partner, delinquency or default rates on loans to this partner may be higher than we expect. For further details, see LEAP's partner page on Kiva.This is a Group Loan
In a group loan, each member of the group receives an individual loan but is part of a larger group of individuals. The group is there to provide support to the members and to provide a system of peer pressure, but groups may or may not be formally bound by a group guarantee. In cases where there is a group guarantee, members of the group are responsible for paying back the loans of their fellow group members in the case of delinquency or default.
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