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Archive for November, 2008
Fitness Challenge 2015
Who: 10 of you led by two professional trainers What: 3 exercise sessions per week for 10 weeks When: Sessions begin January, Register by December 15 Where: The Bridges Fitness Center and wherever else you care to get the blood […]
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The Closing of the Outdoor Courts Mixer
October 11, 3pm – 5pm Join us as we wrap up the outdoor tennis season with some social tennis and a chance to mingle with friends and meet new folks — including our Tennis Pros Errol and Charlie! Come ready […]
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New Director of Tennis: Errol Nattrass
We are excited to announce that Errol Nattrass has been hired as the Director of Tennis at the Bridges Resort. Errol was born and raised in Johannesburg, South Africa where he grew his love for the game of tennis. He […]
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Dog Days of Summer Tennis Tournament & Auction
The Bridges is excited to be pairing up with Pawsitive Pantry, Inc. to offer the Dog Days of Summer Tennis Tournament and Auction! Pawsitive Pantry, Inc. is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization that was founded in 2009 to provide a safety […]
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East Meets West: Yin/Yang Water Fitness comes to The Bridges
Our summer aqua fitness instructor, Holly Gelberg, is back, bringing a little Zen energy along with her! She will be offering two aqua fitness classes at The Bridges: Yang Water Fitness and Yin Water Fitness. Holly is incorporating both classes […]
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The Bridges makes Tennis Resorts Online's Top 100!
"Ask 10 avid tennis players to name the best tennis resort or camp and chances are you'll get 10 different answers. But ask thousands, and a consensus begins to emerge. So throughout the year, Tennis Resorts Online solicits the opinions […]
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Vermont Golf Tour, Anyone?
Where better, for summer and fall golfing, than the climate of the beautiful Green Mountains of Vermont! If tee-times and golf clubs are your pleasure, the various breathtaking golf courses of Central Vermont are for you. From the panoramic views […]
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Zumba Fitness: Exercise in Disguise
Does this ring a bell: You're body tells you it's time to get moving, step outside of your comfort zone and get disciplined. So you get all fired up with plans for an intricate exercise routine: join the gym, take […]
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A Valentine's Performance: Not just for the Kids!
JENNINGS AND PONDER PERFORM "AGELESS TALES TO WARM THE HEART OF WINTER" In the fall of 1990 at the University of Rhode Island, a storyteller was invited to my dorm, probably to help us 'deer-in-the-headlight' freshman facilitate new friendships. I figured, "What the hell.. […]
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The Owls are Coming!
Who's calling in your woods at night? Discover the amazing abilities of our nocturnal neighbors and find out how they are well adapted to our frigid winters. On Sunday, January 19th the Vermont Institute of Natural Science will return for […]
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"Almost There" Premieres: An Inside Look at the Mad River Valley
An absolute must see, the Mad River Valley's new twenty minute promotional movie, Almost There, presents our little hub of culture, history, art, sport and geography with breathtaking cinematography and testimonials from resident business owners, artists, skiers, farmers, as well as faithful visitors. The Valley's Chamber […]
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Ski 2014: We're Almost There!
We imagine you ski enthusiasts out there are getting excited and antsy for the snow to fall for your first run of the season! Well, have no fear. Our ski community here in the Mad River Valley is gearing up for […]
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Celebrate Vermont Beer with the Valley's Bed and Brew Package
July brings a dip in the river after a hike, January brings snow to the slopes for fabulous skiing, October brings breathtaking leaf peeping… but what does November bring to the Mad River Valley? Beer! The Valley's Chamber of Commerce […]
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Waitsfield makes Outside Magazine's 2013 Top Ten Best Towns
"People come to the Mad River Valley as much for what it lacks—traffic, noise, pretention—as for what it offers: the Green Mountains out the back door, the Class II–III Mad River, and the great local food that comes with living […]
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The Birds Nest Bistro Hosts Cystic Fibrosis Benefit Concert featuring Eef Barzelay
The Birds Nest Bistro filled up fast last Friday night, July 19th, as Eef Barzelay, of the 'alt-country/indie' band Clem Snide, performed for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Through organizing the event, condo owners Tom DiMarchi and Karen Tolchin raised close […]
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The Bridges Unit of the Week Returns to Facebook
Every week, on our facebook page, we post a Unit of the Week to give folks an idea of what all our different condos on our rental program look like. As our units are all owned separately and are decorated […]
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First Week of Camp Bridges is Under Way
Valley Week has kicked off Camp Bridges with a bang this week! With a full house of ready, willing and able kids, from ages 5-12, tennis rackets were in full swing as our pros threw their drills and games into […]
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Birch Trees at The Birds Nest Bistro
Birds Nest Bistro owner and chef Amanda Astheimer recruited her mom, Sallie Astheimer, to add more creative flair to her restaurant. Her painted birch trees, a Vermont staple, complete with, you guessed it… birds nests, on the window to the […]
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May 2012 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate the Backhand Slice.
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April 2012 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate the Two Handed Backhand.
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February 2012 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate the Split Step.
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Exhilaration of Spring
Spring in Vermont is short lived, but its sweetness makes up for the lack of duration. I consider both spring and Autumn to be little buffers on the two main seasons in this Northern part of the country. Autumn eases us into winter, while spring eases us back out, and fills our minds with euphoric thoughts of glorious Vermont summers.
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January 2012 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate forehand and backhand volley.
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November 2011 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate the serve.
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October 2011 Tennis Tip
Bridges Resort Tennis Director Josh Hanna and soon-to-be tennis pro Amy Carst demonstrate the use of the non-dominant hand in forehand ground strokes.
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Benefits of Flexibility
- Decreased Risk Of Injury
- Decreased Stress
- Decreased Chronic Muscle Tension
- Decreased Low Back Pain
Benefits Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- Stronger Heart
- Lowered Bp
- Stronger Bones
- Increased Hdls (Good Cholesterol)
- Improved Sleep
- Decreased Body Fat
Roarke Sharlow — (A.F.A.A. Certified Personal Fitness Trainer)
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Spring has Sprung!
Spring in Vermont is a uniquely invigorating experience. We love our Vermont winters, but by the time March is coming to a close, the occasional sunny and sixty degree day, birds chirping at the break of dawn, and the much less frequent snow showers, are a welcome respite after a long, white winter. Not to mention, there isn't much that beats spring skiing followed by deck beers at General Stark's Pub or Castle Rock.
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New Physical Activity Guidelines
The ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) and the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for physical activity and health have changed!
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Roarke Sharlow — (A.F.A.A. Certified Personal Fitness Trainer) -
The Wonder of Winter
When you live in a ski town, winter is a particularly celebrated time of the year. There are many universal reasons to enjoy winter – hot chocolate, skiing, sledding, building snowmen, snowshoeing, decorating for Christmas, and eggnog (with rum, or without). It seems that every person, regardless of their love for winter — or lack of it — can find one thing about this season that is special to them.
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Let it Snow!
Winter in the Mad River Valley. Nothing exemplifies this area better. And winter up here isn't as patient as in other parts of the country. By late October, white mountain peaks create a dramatic backdrop to a landscape still peppered with shades of red and gold. The snow capped mountains make us anxious to hear the mechanical hum of ski lifts, and feel the crisp, cold air on our cheeks as our bodies are kept warm in layers of knit socks, long underwear and thick, down coats.
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By Peter Oliver
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Vermont. Fall. Foliage. Those three words converge with such symbiotic unity that they essentially become a consuming definition of life in the state in late September and early October. For all of Vermont's fame as a state renowned for skiing and its powerful skiing economy, the busiest period for tourism is late summer and fall. Inns fill, camera shutters snap, and restaurants do a brisk business.
Of course it is tourism in a very different form than what consumes the winter months. Foliage tourism activity isn't concentrated at ski areas. There are no lift lines. Instead, visitors fan out broadly, through the Mad River Valley and the rest of the state, in search of the best view — perhaps the single most vibrantly hued tree — that can take a person's breath away. -
Digging in the Dirt — the Local Farming Scene
Every Saturday morning, from May into October, the center of Waitsfield is transformed into a farmers market, where local farmers — as well as artisans producing non-foodstuff items — gather to sell their goods. Valley residents and visitors alike (along with many dogs) make a weekly ritual of attending, almost as if it were a secular religious gathering.
The market, however, is more than just an event for social mingling and stocking up on locally grown food products for the week. It is a key showcase of the current health of the Mad River Valley farming community. Read more…
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Spring Ahead
Springtime in many parts of the world is about the budding of trees and the greening of the earth and wafts of warming air. But spring in Vermont is instead about a release from winter. Snow is released as trickles of melt that feed rivers and streams; frost is released from the ground to turn roads into a muddy mess. Daylight lengthens, with the sun released from its low winter arc. Maple sap is released from its frozen winter bonds, to be boiled and turned into syrup.
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Hypnotic Latin rhythms and easy-to-follow moves create a one-of-a-kind fitness program.
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Vinyasa Yoga
Flowing postures that build strength, improve posture & flexibility, and deepen relaxation.
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Concentrates on strengthening your core, flattening your stomach, improving balance and coordination all at once.
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Core Yoga
Combines core stability postures of Pilates & other abdominal exercises with yoga poses.
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Cardio Mix
A high intensity, high-energy cardio aerobic class designed to get your heart pumping & your feet moving!
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Historic Waitsfield Walk About
The Historic Waitsfield Walk About~ Take a moment and Indulge Yes a day at the slopes is what you may have come for; but our village has so much more to offer. Relax, rejuvenate, and enjoy! Start your day with […]
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Adventure, Mad River Style
On a warm, spring afternoon not long ago, Chris Davenport was lounging in the sun outside the Gate House at Sugarbush. Davenport, a former world extreme-skiing champion, is one of the most accomplished ski mountaineers in the world, having appeared in ski movies in exotic locations from Alaska to South America. But the day of skiing he had just experienced at Sugarbush had been a particularly memorable one even for such a world traveler.
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Bridges Resort – New Website!
We have just launched our new website with many new features and capabilities. The new site is much more interactive and allows users to share content via social media networks, data feeds, etc. We have calendars of fitness center, tennis, […]
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The new musical Hands on a Hardbody cruised onto the Great White Way on March 21. Broadway.com got the opening night buzz from stars Hunter Foster, Keith Carradine, composers Trey Anastasio and Amanda Green, and more!
Broadway Balances America, the special six-part series airing on Lifetime Television's The Balancing Act, returned on September 9 with a behind-the-scenes look at the national tour of Dirty Dancing—The Classic Story on Stage.
September 15, 2014Joe DiPietro's new comedy stars opera diva Renee Fleming and Broadway's Douglas Sills as a long-married showbiz couple.
April 14, 2015Scenes from the Broadway production of "The Lion King"
January 21, 2010NeNe Leakes talks about what she's afraid of and what she's looking forward to in her Broadway turn in Cinderella.
November 19, 2014Learn about the national tour of the Tony-winning revival of Stephen Schwartz's Pippin. Schwartz, director Diane Paulus, circus creator Gypsy Snider and more talk about why this musical spectacle is unlike anything you've ever seen before.
November 7, 2014School of Rock is looking for pint-sized rockers! Broadway.com headed to an open call at the Winter Garden Theatre to chat with the Broadway hopefuls and see them show off their skills for casting directors.
January 28, 2015Get a sneak peek of the national tour of Wicked.
January 1, 2013Dylan H. Thompson chats about the pros and cons of wearing his birthday suit onstage in the all-nude off-Broadway musical comedy Naked Boys Singing.
August 29, 2013Duke Lafoon on lovingly sending up our 42nd President in Clinton The Musical.
April 24, 2015Wanna see video clips of Broadway's Aladdin? Well, you ain't never had a friend like Broadway.com! Enjoy this video montage featuring Aladdin, Jasmine and the Genie!
March 28, 2014Get a first look at Jeanine Tesori and Lisa Kron's new musical, the funeral home-set drama Fun Home. Directed by Sam Gold, the show is based on Alison Bechdel's graphic novel and boasts a top-notch cast.
October 22, 2013

subset: commoncrawl


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Out of Stock
Item # CRA0396
Don't worry though, we have a lot more Men's Jackets in stock than that.
Craft PB Featherlight Jacket - Men's $0.00
Reviews & Community
What do you think of the
Craft PB Featherlight Jacket - Men's
? Share a...
John Heineken
Better than similar from Castelli
I have similar featherweight/packable jackets from Castelli and others. The Castelli Leggero is thoughtfully engineered (as always) and very good looking, but suffers from a very cheap zipper. The Craft PB Featherweight is my favorite. Best venting and function overall.
The Craft is also (arguably) the best looking. Craft hit a _home run_ with the styling of this jacket -esp in the black with red & white accents. The hi-viz is also good looking and really important for visibility on highways or in town. And although light and very packable, the fabric is also relatively substantial/strong (unlike many of the other guy's packable jackets -yah I'm talking about you Castelli).
One caveat: the made in China sewing QC was just ok with my sample. Some loose threads and 2 inches of missing sewing along one of the wrist areas. I'll have a tailor reinforce this. But come'n Craft! Get your QC in order. You're Craft!
Under 'product description' the material...
Under 'product description' the material is listed as 'polyester, mesh'. From the product photos it's not apparent where the 'mesh' is. Can you tell me?
Mesh is on the sides under the arms from the pit all the way to the waist. Also not shown in the pic is a small vent across the back from pit to pit. Compared to some, this jacket is better vented as a result.
a Jacket for ANTS?
What is this, a jacket for ANTS?! I bought this for my husband for his birthday, and I got a Medium, he usually wears mediums at 165# and 5'10". This jacket was comically tiny. When he put it on, it looked like he was wearing a tuxedo jacket.
It is being returned, but we might very well get a larger size (or two sizes larger?) because it's a VERY nice looking jacket.
So, I'm giving it a lot of stars, but BUYER BE WARNED, it's tiny, but hilariously so.
5'10" and 185 and a L fits well. Not so tiny but rather like most Craft performance wear, an athletic cut.


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Returning Customers
If you are a registered user, please enter your ART portal username and password.
Journey Certificate of Award
Item# 90833
Registered Price [?]
Non Registered Price
- Sales Unit: Pkg. of 5
- Material Type: Heavy cover stock
- Dimensions: 10" x 8"
Motivate students in their progress by awarding them this certificate to mark their achievements in AwanaYM and Journey.
This versatile award, featuring the Awana
Youth Ministries logo, can be used for any
purpose you want to recognize students
and leaders. Heavy cover stock, suitable for
writing on or running through printers and
copy machines.


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Top Definition
A sexy, generous, laid back kind of guy who will do anything and everything to take care of his girl. He is an amazing guy. he is the kind of guy you want to bring home to your parents. He is a one of a kind person who will do anything for his friends or family. He's a great kisser and he's amazing in bed. His touch will light your body on fire.
"I wish I had a Titonaro to love me."
Beküldő: lov3me4wh0IaM
2010. február 28.


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Welcome to Ho Chi Minh City, still known as Saigon to many. Hotel rooms are available for mid-afternoon check-in.
This morning, leave the city and drive through vast expanses of rice paddies to visit the CU CHI TUNNELS, an extraordinary network of tunnels more than 120 miles in length that was used by the Viet Cong as a hideout and secret village during the war. Return to Ho Chi Minh City for a WALKING TOUR of the city's famous and historic landmarks. The tour will take you through the heart of the city along Dong Khoi Street (formerly Rue Catinat) past the Rex Hotel, Ho Chi Minh Square, the Municipal Theatre, and Notre Dame Cathedral. Next, visit the REUNIFICATION PALACE (formerly the Presidential Palace) and the WAR REMNANTS MUSEUM, followed by BEN THANH MARKET, the largest and oldest in the city. This evening, join your traveling companions at a special welcome dinner hosted by your Tour Director. (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner)
A full day at leisure in Ho Chi Minh City. The city is booming and pulses with infectious energy day and night. Sample local food from a street vendor, get a foot massage, or spend more time on Dong Khoi Street, known for its quality goods, including silk garments that rival those of Hong Kong. Even if shopping isn't your thing, this is a great place to start your exploration of the city. You may also consider an optional trip to the Mekong Delta for a cruise on the great Mekong River and a visit to a local family's home for tea and rice wine. Tonight, be sure to stop at one of several rooftop bars for a drink and great views of the city. Your Tour Director will be on hand to assist with recommendations. (Breakfast)
After a short flight to Danang, enjoy a picturesque journey by motorcoach to Hoi An. Along the way, visit CHINA BEACH, landing point for U.S. soldiers during the Vietnam War. Hoi An is Vietnam's active trading center and a town that has been largely preserved, with architecture that reflects the influence of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, French, and British traders. Hoi An is also where French missionary Alexandre de Rhodes introduced Catholicism and Roman script to Vietnam. (Breakfast, Dinner)
Today starts with a CRUISE on the Thu Bon River. Along the way, meet with a local fisherman who will teach you about their fishing methods and give you a FISHING LESSON, where you will learn how to throw and retrieve a traditional round fishing net called a ro. Afterward, you will have a chance to throw the net yourself and see what you catch! Later, continue with a WALKING TOUR of Hoi An, visiting an old MERCHANT HOUSE, the HOI AN MUSEUM, a CHINESE ASSEMBLY HALL, and the Japanese Covered Bridge. Then, free time to enjoy this quaint town further or relax at your beach resort. (Breakfast)
Stop in Danang to visit the CHAM MUSEUM, then continue north over spectacular Hai Van Pass, considered to be one of the most scenic in all of Vietnam, before arriving in Hue. One of Vietnam's former capitals, Hue is a beautiful, welcoming city that remains a cultural and religious center. Upon arrival, visit the IMPERIAL CITADEL and the THIEN MU PAGODA, the unofficial symbol of the city. This evening, enjoy an imperial banquet at a popular local restaurant. (Breakfast, Dinner)
This morning's sightseeing provides a unique window into Vietnam and its complex past. Visit the TOMBS of the NGUYEN EMPERORS: the KHAI DINH MAUSOLEUM and the ROYAL TOMB of TU DUC. Later, fly to Hanoi, the nation's capital and one of Southeast Asia's most engaging cities. (Breakfast)
Start today with a "CYCLO" ride around the city, followed by a WALKING TOUR through the fascinating Old Quarter, 36 ancient streets where peddlers trade as they have for centuries. Then, take time to look at the life of Ho Chi Minh, the father of modern Vietnam. First, visit the MAUSOLEUM and the humble cottage from which "Uncle Ho" ruled Vietnam until his death in 1969. Next on the agenda are the ONE PILLAR PAGODA, the HO CHI MINH MUSEUM, and the Presidential Palace. Stop at the infamous HANOI HILTON before continuing on to mystical Hoan Kiem Lake, where you will enjoy a brief GUIDED WALK. Also visit the ancient TEMPLE OF LITERATURE, over 900 years old and Hanoi's first university. An early dinner this evening is followed by a fascinating performance of Hanoi's renowned WATER PUPPETS, a traditional art form dating back to the 11th century. (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner)
Travel from Hanoi through the fertile countryside to Hon Gai, gateway to Ha Long Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in the Gulf of Tonkin, the bay is dotted with over 3,000 limestone islands carved into fanciful shapes by the action of the water. Tunnels, caves, and weirdly shaped outcroppings with imaginative names can be found on many of the small islets that are sprinkled across the Bay. Board a CRUISE that takes you to explore the caves, and admire the beauty and scale before stopping at one of the many secluded bays. (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner)
This morning, drive to Hanoi and board your flight to Siem Reap, which will act as your base during your visit to Angkor, considered by many to be the most spectacular architectural ruins on Earth! (Breakfast, Dinner)
This morning, start your sightseeing of the TEMPLES OF ANGKOR. Constructed between the 9th and 13th centuries, the temples were built around the Khmer interpretations of Indian religious and political beliefs that ultimately evolved from Hinduism to Buddhism. The complex architectural grandeur of the Angkor temples is arguably unmatched among ancient ruins anywhere in the world. First, visit the best preserved and most famous of all the temples, ANGKOR WAT, honoring the Hindu god Vishnu. Featuring five trademark towers and stunning bas reliefs, it has become a symbol of Cambodia. Next stop is ANGKOR THOM to see the BAYON TEMPLE. One of the few Buddhist temples in Angkor, it features some 200 striking faces carved in 54 towers and impressive bas reliefs. The rest of the afternoon is at leisure. This evening, witness one of the world's most amazing experiences: sunset at Angkor Wat! (Breakfast, Lunch)
Today, continue your sightseeing of the Angkor temples. Visit BANTEAY SREI, a unique temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva that was built on a small scale from red sandstone, which can be carved like wood. Unlike the other temples, TA PROHM has been left relatively untouched. Surrounded by jungle, tree roots grow over and through the ruin walls, and you will experience the temple with the same wonder as the early explorers who discovered it. This afternoon, enjoy a CRUISE on Tonle Sap (Great Lake), where you will see a floating village and get a glimpse of life on the water. This evening, enjoy a traditional APSARA DANCE PERFORMANCE, where the ancient Khmer culture is brought to life by talented dancers, singers, and musicians. (Breakfast, Dinner)NOTE:During low waters in February/March, it may not be possible to cruise on Tonle Sap. Alternatively, you will visit a local silk farm.
Today, fly to Bangkok and enjoy the remainder of the day at your leisure. (Breakfast)
Your tour ends with breakfast this morning. (Breakfast)


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Do you ever mess with eBay? There are a few sellers with it listed, some are as high as 8.74/box (after you add on the shipping). This one is 2.62/box, first box is 3.49 shipping (so total would be 6.11), looks like more than 10 available and possibly .99 shipping for each additional box if you get more than one (so each box after the first would be 3.61)... http://cgi.ebay.com/Nutcracker-Sweet-Holiday-Tea-by-Celestial-Seasonings_W0QQitemZ250320457044QQcmdZViewItemQQptZLH_DefaultDomain_0?_trksid=p3286.m20.l1116
I don't know what your thoughts are as far as an on-line auction like eBay are... personally, I love it because sometimes I find items that are almost impossible to find elsewhere.
Did some looking on-line, and found this recipe:
Ellen's Holiday Tea Blend2 ounces Darjeeling black tea1 teaspoon ground cinnamon1 teaspoon ground cardamom1/2 teaspoon ground cloves1/4 cup currants/raisins1/4 teaspoon ground ginger1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg2 tablespoons orange zest (rind), grated {1 orange = 2 tablespoons grated zest }1 teaspoon vanilla powder or Madagascar-Bourbon Vanilla Extract
Place tea, cinnamon, cardamom, cloves, currants/raisins, ginger, nutmeg, orange zest, and vanilla powder in a bowl and mix together. NOTE: If using vanilla extract blend well through dry ingredients, allowing the entire mixture to dry.
Mixture will yield 20 cups of tea.
Making Tea:
Perhaps it could give you a starting point to try to recreate the tea? I am not a tea drinker, just never got a taste for it or coffee. Hopefully you can find a way to make it!
Sarah, So you add the rice directly into the tea bag after it's dried? I was a little confused on that part.
Thanks, Brian S
Interesting. I actually visited Lehmans this past fall on my return from a tractor show in indiana. Nice place. Lots of neat stuff. I was able to purchase a "hasher" there that was exactly like the one my grandma used to use in her kitchen to chop home fries for breakfast.. I really wanted to load up a new range and bring it home but had already filled the van with auction goodies.
Brian S
Then I would suggest you get on their mailing list. We just got the latest catalog. Here it is part of our 'humor' collection. People look at it and laugh at the prices. In fairness, they do well as a 'english' avenue, and you can find many of our (OOM, Amish, etc) products there. But the prices!!!
LOL, Yes, I understand . We chuckled at the prices when we were there. However, on items that I really needed I didnt quibble about the cost since I "was there" and "they had it". Still, it was a nice place to visit. I would like to spend more time in that area when I'm not in such a hurry and "just passin through".
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Order must total $75 after discounts and not including customization. Excludes team orders, items with extra freight & shipping outside the contiguous US. Not valid on previous purchases. Expedited shipping additional. Expires 7/01/15 at 11:59 PM ET.
This isn't rocket science, it's lacrosse.
We have the 101 on the game.
100% cotton tee.


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At a Glance
Why Get Tested?
To detect antibodies directed against red blood cell antigens
When to Get Tested?
When preparing for a blood transfusion; during pregnancy and at delivery
Sample Required?
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm
Test Preparation Needed?
The Test Sample
What is being tested?
The RBC antibody screen looks for circulating antibodies in the blood directed against red blood cells (RBCs). The primary reason that a person may have RBC antibodies circulating in their blood is because they have been exposed, through blood transfusion or through pregnancy, to RBCs other than their own (foreign RBCs).
RBCs normally have structures on their surface called antigens. Each person has their own individual set of antigens on their RBCs, determined by inheritance from their parents. The major antigens or surface identifiers on human RBCs are the O, A, and B antigens, and a person's blood is grouped into an A, B, AB, or O blood type according to the presence or absence of these antigens. Another important surface antigen is Rh factor, also called D antigen. If it is present on a person's red blood cells, their blood type is Rh+ (positive); if it is absent, the blood is type Rh- (negative). (For more on these antigens, see the article on Blood Typing). In addition, there are many other types of RBC antigens that make up lesser known blood groups, such as Kell, Lewis, and Kidd blood groups.
There are a few reasons why someone may produce antibodies against RBC antigens.
- Following blood transfusions: Antibodies directed against A and B red cell antigens are naturally occurring; we produce them without having to be exposed to the antigens. Before receiving a blood transfusion, a person's ABO group and Rh type are matched with that of donor blood to prevent a serious transfusion reaction from occurring. That is, the donor's blood must be compatible with the recipient's so that their antibodies do not react with and destroy donor blood cells.
If someone receives a blood transfusion, their body may also recognize other RBC antigens from other blood groups (such as Kell or Kidd) that they do not have as foreign. The recipient may produce antibodies to attack these foreign antigens. People who have many transfusions make antibodies to RBCs because they are exposed to foreign RBC antigens with each transfusion.
- With fetal-maternal blood type incompatibility: A baby may inherit antigens from its father that are not on its mother's RBCs. The mother may be exposed during pregnancy or at delivery to the foreign antigens on her baby's RBCs when some of the baby's cells enter the mother's circulation as the placenta separates. The mother may begin to produce antibodies against these foreign RBC antigens. This can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn, usually not affecting the first baby but affecting subsequent children when the mother's antibodies cross the placenta, attach to the baby's RBCs, and hemolyze them. An IAT can help determine if the mother has produced RBC antibodies outside of the ABO blood group.
The first time a person is exposed to a foreign RBC antigen, by transfusion or pregnancy, they may begin to produce antibodies but their cells do not usually have the time during the first exposure to make enough antibodies to actually destroy the foreign RBCs. When the next transfusion or pregnancy occurs, the immune response may be strong enough for enough antibodies to be produced, attach to, and hemolyze the transfused RBCs or the baby's RBCs. Antibodies to the ABO antigens are naturally-occurring so do not require exposure to foreign RBCs.
The RBC antibody test screens for the presence of RBC antibodies (other than ABO antibodies) in the blood. RBC antibodies that are detected can be identified with an antibody identification test.
How is the sample collected for testing?
A blood sample is drawn with a needle from a vein in the arm.
NOTE: If undergoing medical tests makes you or someone you care for anxious, embarrassed, or even difficult to manage, you might consider reading one or more of the following articles: Coping with Test Pain, Discomfort, and Anxiety, Tips on Blood Testing, Tips to Help Children through Their Medical Tests, and Tips to Help the Elderly through Their Medical Tests.
Another article, Follow That Sample, provides a glimpse at the collection and processing of a blood sample and throat culture.
Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample?
No test preparation is needed.
The Test
Common Questions
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Article Sources
NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.
Sources Used in Current Review
Wagle, S. and Deshpande, P. (Updated 2011 May 18). Hemolytic Disease of Newborn. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974349-overview through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed July 2012.
Vorvick, L. (Updated 2012 February 7). Coombs' test. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003344.htm. Accessed July 2012.
(© 1996-2012). Rh Disease. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.chop.edu/healthinfo/rh-disease.html through http://www.chop.edu. Accessed July 2012.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2011). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 10th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 309-310.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pgs 286-289.
Dhaliwal, G. et. al. (2004 June 1). Hemolytic Anemia. American Family Physician [On-line journal]. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040601/2599.html through http://www.aafp.org.
Triulzi, D. (2000 October). Indirect and Direct Antiglobulin (Coombs) Testing and the Crossmatch. Transfusion Medicine Update [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.itxm.org/TMU2000/tmu10-2000.htm through http://www.itxm.org
Grund, S., Updated (2004 August 16, Updated). Coombs' test – direct. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003344.htm.
Grund, S., Updated (2004 August 16, Updated). Coombs' test – indirect. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003343.htm.
(2001 March).Rh Disease. March of Dimes Fact Sheet [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/681_1220.asp through http://www.marchofdimes.com/.
(1995-2005). Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Anemias Caused By Excessive Hemolysis. [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.merck.com/mrkshared/mmanual/section11/chapter127/127d.jsp through http://www.merck.com.
Suzanne H. Butch, MA, CLDir. Chief Technologist. Blood Bank and Transfusion Service. University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Julie Brownie MBA, CLS(NCA), SBB(ASCP). Coral Blood Services. Bangor, Maine.
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (© 2007). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 307-308.
Wu, A. (2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Fourth Edition. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri. Pp 126-129.
Cutler, C. (2006 September 11, Updated). Coombs' test. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003344.htm. Accessed on 10/01/08.
Sandler, S.G. and Johnson, V. (2008 September 25, Updated). Transfusion Reactions. EMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.emedicine.com/med/TOPIC2297.HTM through http://www.emedicine.com. Accessed on 10/01/08.
Levin, M. (2007 March 13, Updated). Transfusion Reaction. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001303.htm. Accessed on 10/04/08.
(© 2008) Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. Lucille Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. Available online at http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/hrnewborn/hdn.html through http://www.lpch.org. Accessed October 2008.


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Longines awarded as the most popular watch brand in Taiwan
We are very honored and proud to announce that Longines has once again been appointed as the most popular watch brand in Taiwan by the readers of the leading Chinese fashion magazine "Brand magazine". The top ten of the ranking are all traditional watchmaking brands. This proves the Taiwanese to have a great knowledge of watchmaking craftsmanship and a very sophisticated taste. In the questionnaire of the survey the readers especially pointed out the quality and the large choice offered by Longines. Thanks to this, as well as through its famous Ambassadors of Elegance, such as Chi Ling Lin, Aaron Kwok, Stefanie Graf and Andre Agassi, the Swiss watch brand benefits of an excellent brand awareness in Taiwan.


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Quality is the top priority at Nature's Way, which has Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) certifications from two leading agencies, and an organically certified, certified kosher and Parve manufacturing facility. Nature's Way is a pioneer of science-based supplement development with a pharmaceutical-minded commitment to quality.
The results are a family of products whose efficacy is based on either scientifically valid secondary research, or their own primary research. Such efforts clearly outshine what is typical in an industry where little is required but so much is expected. Nature's Way has done the homework so you can use their products with absolute confidence.
Company history Nature's Way originated from a circumstance we can all understand—a family's desperate need to overcome a personal health crisis. Back in the late 1960s, Tom Murdock, the founder of what is now Nature's Way, needed a solution to help his gravely ill wife. After trying conventional medicine without success, Tom and his wife turned to the traditional Native American knowledge of "medicinal plants" growing in the Arizona desert. As a result, she recovered and lived an additional 25 years.
Tom Murdock's pioneering spirit did more than save a life—it led to the renaissance of herbal medicine in America. As word spread about his wife's recovery, Tom set out to find other healthy treasures growing in the Arizona desert. By 1969, Tom and his family had eight new herbal remedies to share with others and thus began the legacy of Nature's Way.
Schwabe North America (SNA), producer of the Enzymatic Therapy, Nature's Way and Integrative Therapeutics brands, is a leading manufacturer and distributor of high-quality dietary supplements. Their focus on quality assurance includes both internal and external quality evaluations.
As part of their internal quality control procedures, they have developed a multi-million dollar state-of-the-art laboratory with advanced analytical equipment that is staffed by highly trained chemists and microbiologists. This facility allows them to monitor and test ingredients and products at various points during the manufacturing process. These tests include:
Their external quality standards include performing Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) audits of suppliers, verifying that suppliers have the proper manufacturing licenses and that all materials or products made for SNA are produced under GMP conditions.
SNA is also certified as an Organic Processor by Quality Assurance International (QAI). QAI confirms annually that our manufacturing processes and facilities are compliant with the National Organic Program (NOP) rules for the production of organically certified products.
Schwabe North America will continue to increase their investments in raw materials, manufacturing equipment and quality control personnel and technology to ensure that their products are of the highest quality and efficacy. They believe that only through this unyielding commitment to quality materials and quality processes can they continue to Enhance Life Through the Power of Nature.
Nature's Way creates daily multivitamins and dietary supplements from naturally occurring vitamins and minerals sourced from real fruits and vegetables. Pharmaca's selection of Nature's Way products includes natural supplements for immune system health and digestive support, in addition to men's multivitamins, women's multivitamins and kids' multivitamins. At Pharmaca, you'll find great product lines from Nature's Way, including Alive!, Umcka, CalmAid, Sambucus and more.


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Treatment options for pulmonary hypertension have dramatically expanded with the availability of multiple medications. If one treatment is good, are two better? When should medication be adjusted or switched, and what evidence is available to guide therapy? This session will focus on the rationale for combination therapy, review results of studies of combination therapy and review transition to oral therapy.
Session Handout (PDF)
The below recording will begin automatically. To view the controls, move your mouse anywhere over the video then move to the control interface at the bottom of the video.


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You got me there I study mathematics, and I have a course in statistics and time series analysis behind me.
It is not possible to quantify the uncertainty, it have to be measured or know. Yes, you measure the uncertainty with equipment that you know is more precise than the one you want to know the uncertainty for
As for this test with power measurement, I don't how how they where measured or with what equipment, but without that information the test is useless, and it doesn't tell anything.
If this is not possible, as it sometimes is, you have to do more than 28 measurements for each point. Why 28, because then you are in the 95% confidence interval.
Which means that there is a 95% change that what you have measured is the right values.
100% is impossible. That formula doesn't allow this.
The Phononix test suite is worth nothing (sorry to say so) to anyone with an engineering background. The results doesn't tell a damn thing.


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HP Processor Kits: Manufacturer Part# 117651-B21 This is the full processor option kit. It includes the Processor(s), Heat-Sink(s), Fan(s), Thermal paste and VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) where required. Overview:Notice them. Intel Pentium III Xeon processor-based servers are built for e-business. They tightly integrate key business systems seamlessly link all business partners help you stay ahead and respond fast. Test them. With the advent of the powerful Pentium III Xeon processor Intel-based servers challenge RISC-based servers in price/performance and raw performance. This new Intel server engine will deliver the highest speeds providing more throughput for Internet applications and the ability to use multiprocessing and clustering to build solutions of any size. ??Pentium III Xeon processor-based servers have the enhanced scalability availability reliability and manageability you need for business in the Internet age. Take them seriously. Harness their power to tackle your biggest business challenges in e-business and beyond. They will respond. Specifications: CategoryProliant Processor Sub-CategoryXeon GenerationP3 500Mhz Part Number117651-B21 Products ID1227 Product TypeProcessor Upgrade Processor TypePentium III Xeon Clock Speed500MHz L2 Cache Size1MB


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Cloud computing may be on every higher education IT leader's mind, but where you are in the cycle of decision-making and implementation varies widely. As you navigate the cloudscape, you can use this overview as an entry into a wide range of resources and information on what others are doing.
Cloud Computing 101
Cloud Characteristics | Public/Private/Community Cloud | Service Definitions: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
As higher education faces budget restrictions and sustainability challenges, one approach to relieve these pressures is cloud computing. Although distinct definitions of "cloud computing" abound, the concept fundamentally involves delivering IT services to users over the Internet.
Featured Resources
- 7 Things You Should Know About Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE 7 Things You Should Know, March 2009. This two-page piece provides a brief overview of cloud computing.
- Cloud Computing Explained. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. Award winning Author Rosalyn Metz provides a higher education–based explanation of cloud computing, along with examples of cloud-based technologies.
- Demystifying Cloud Computing for Higher Education. ECAR Research Bulletin, September 22 2009. This bulletin is the first in a series of bulletins devoted to cloud computing in higher education. It summarizes insights and outlines a framework for thinking about cloud computing, and it touches on potential emergent roles for public and private clouds.
Cloud Characteristics
There are many views on and definitions of cloud computing. Below are various definitions, starting with a commonly cited one from the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
Essential Characteristics
- On-demand self-service. A consumer can provision computing capabilities as needed, such as server time and network storage, without requiring human interaction with each service's provider.
- Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
- Resource pooling. The provider's computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location-independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
- Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out, and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
- Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability1 at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
For more information on the three service models and four deployment models, please see the publication NIST Draft January 2011.
Public/Private/Community Cloud
The three most common cloud models are the public cloud, private cloud, and the community cloud.
Public Cloud (External Cloud)
A public cloud is one based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model. What is
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis. Wikipedia
Private Cloud (Internal Cloud, Corporate Cloud)
Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall.What Is
Some vendors have used the terms to describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These products offer the ability to deliver some benefits of cloud computing whilst mitigating some of the pitfalls. These offerings capitalize on data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns during this time of transition from a product to a functioning service-based industry supported by competitive marketplaces. Wikipedia
- Deploying an Internal Cloud: Offering Infrastructure as a Service to the Campus Community. This EDUCAUSE 2010 session reports on successes, challenges, and lessons learned through Indiana University's deployment of intelligent infrastructure, including the technical and political challenges to achieving IT efficiency via the internal cloud.
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Heading for the Clouds? Build Your Own First!. EDUCAUSE Live!, May 26, 2010.This session explains the private-cloud concept and explores how it helps bridge the gap between traditional monolithic system design and cloud-based services.
Community Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. ReadWrite Enterprise
A community cloud may be established where several organizations have similar requirements and seek to share infrastructure so as to realize some of the benefits of cloud computing. With the costs spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a single tenant) this option is more expensive but may offer a higher level of privacy, security, and/or policy compliance. Examples of community cloud include Google's "Gov Cloud." Wikipedia
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Community Clouds, EDUCAUSE Live! June 23, 2010. This session discusses what community clouds are and what they offer from representatives of two major U. S. regional networks.
Service Definitions: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
There many cloud service models including the three most common ones:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers, and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running, and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.
PaaS (Platform as a Service) is a paradigm for delivering operating systems and associated services over the Internet without downloads or installation. PaaS is sometimes called "cloudware" because it moves resources from privately owned computers into the Internet "cloud." Platform as a Service (PaaS)is an outgrowth of (SaaS), a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over the Internet.
SaaS (Software as a Service) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet.
The above definitions are from "Provisioning Above-Campus IT Services: Supply and Demand" EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 44, no. 6 (November/December 2009).
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Infrastructure as a Service, EDUCAUSE Live! October 22. 2010. This seminar explores of the possibilities for infrastructure as a service and includes a discussion of the decisions facing those embarking on the path toward this goal.
- The Science of Education: Creating a Compelling Learning Experience. EDUCAUSE 2010. This session looks to the next innovation in higher education, cloud-based EaaS (education as a service) platform, a learning platform that learns.
Additional Recommended Resources
- Real-World Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE 2010. This session explores three key issues related to cloud computing: What is it, and how does it differ from other styles of computing? What are its risks and challenges, and what are the ideal targets and best practices for using it? What long-term impact will it have on the market and vendors?
- Cloud Computing and the Power to Choose. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). Discusses driving forces behind the move to cloud computing (provides specific examples of campus IT services moving to the cloud).
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Clearing the Air on Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Live!, March 2010. Why is higher education still so excited about cloud computing? This is a sober look at a complicated subject.
- The Future and Challenges of IT Shared Services, EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 1, 2010.
- Cloud Computing—Transforming IT. Presentation from the 2009 ECAR Symposium, December 3, 2009. This session discusses the way cloud computing is changing the way we think of IT—from economics to process and usage models. Many organizations look to the cloud as a potential cost-savings boon by moving internally hosted IT services to external providers.
- Above-Campus Services: Shaping the Promise of Cloud Computing for Higher Education. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 44, no. 6 (November/December 2009). This article discusses three sourcing models for aggregating specific above-campus services that are particularly suited to higher education.
Financial and Risk Analysis | Policy Implications | Security | Business Case
Cloud computing—is it right for your campus? Various decision points warrant investigation before your campus jumps into the cloud.
Featured Resources
- What Campus Leaders Need to Know About Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Executive Briefing, April 2011. This briefing provides a high level overview of cloud computing, including how it changes IT service, financial models and the possible risk factors in moving services into the cloud.
- Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud. ECAR Research Study, August 2009. This study explores a multitude of strategies used by colleges and university information technology organizations to deliver the breadth of technologies and services required by their institutions. Findings illustrate that although total outsourcing of institutional technology organizations is rare, so is self-operation of all IT functions and services.
- Shaping the Higher Education Cloud. EDUCAUSE white paper, May 2010. This paper captures key findings from a two-day EDUCAUSE/NACUBO Cloud Computing Workshop that was held to explore what shape a higher education cloud might take and to identify opportunities and models for partnering.
Financial and Risk Analysis
Before moving any institutional services to the cloud computing, campus leaders need to weigh the associated risks. Detailed research should be part of decision-making process and will help mitigate those risks, such as making sure that prospective vendor is financially stable.
- Embracing the Cloud: Caveat Professor. The Chronicle of Higher Education. May 2011. This author provides solid privacy risk reasoning on why students and instructors need to be educated about utilizing cloud storage options.
- What Campus Leaders Need to Know About Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Executive Briefing, April 2011. This briefing provides a high level overview of cloud computing, including how it changes IT service, financial models and the possible risk factors in moving services into the cloud.
- Managing Availability and Performance Risks in the Cloud: Expect the Unexpected. ECAR Research Study, December 2010. This ECAR/Burton Group study describes how to manage availability and performance risks by using a well-constructed cloud exit strategy, distributing services, and acquiring insurance.
- CIOs in Wonderland: Transformational Leadership for Interesting Times. In this EDUCAUSE 2010 session, IT leaders at campuses of the California State University discuss how they collaborated to identify and implement transformational initiatives that could save several million dollars.
- Evaluating Cloud Risk for the Enterprise: A Shared Assessments Guide. This 2010 Shared Assessments Program document is a risk-based approach to evaluating cloud computing for the enterprise.
- Demystifying the Cloud: Implications for IT Funding in Higher Education. ECAR Research Bulletin, February 23, 2010. This bulletin extends the discussion that was begun in the 2009 research bulletin Demystifying Cloud Computing for Higher Education by looking more deeply at the economic model underlying cloud computing and teasing out its implications for institutional IT funding practices. It draws upon recently completed ECAR research (in the research study Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud), about the benefits, complexities, and issues surrounding cloud computing, and other alternative sourcing strategies.
- Calculating the Cloud: Determining the True Cost of Hosting Servers in the Cloud. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. This audio article explains the accompanying poster detailing the decision tree and cloud metrics used at Dartmouth College.
- Cloud Computing and the Power to Choose, EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). This article cites examples from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to illustrate both the opportunities and the risks involved in adopting cloud computing and cloud services.
- Cloud Computing: Hype or Hope? This video from the 2009 EDUCAUSE Annual meeting provides a forum for two IT leaders to debate the pros and cons of moving critical services to the cloud.
- Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud. ECAR Research Study, August 2009. This study explores a multitude of strategies used by colleges and university information technology organizations to deliver the breadth of technologies and services required by their institutions. Findings illustrate that although total outsourcing of institutional technology organizations is rare, so is self-operation of all IT functions and services.
Policy Implications
Institutions need address legal questions regarding whether data may be stored in the cloud and what type of contracts need to be drawn up when outsourcing said data storage. These and other legal and policy questions are identified in resources below.
- Clouds: From Both Sides Now. This video from the 2010 EDUCAUSE meeting explores various questions IT leaders should be asking prior to moving services into the cloud.
- Embracing the Cloud: New Approaches for Delivering Campus IT Services—Strategy and Policy Development. This EDUCAUSE 2009 podcasted session outlines strategy development and implementation and support issues from a CIO perspective and an instructional/user-support perspective.
- Legal Implications of Cloud Computing—Part One (the Basics and Framing the Issues) and Legal Implications of Cloud Computing—Part Two (Privacy and the Cloud). These two 2009 articles reprinted on LLRX.com bring up various legal issue that should be contemplated prior to moving a school's services into the cloud.
- Outsourcing and Cloud Computing for Higher Education. This 2009 Cornell University document summarizes what cloud computing is, areas in the information technology arena that are available for outsourcing, and some of the obvious and not-so-obvious challenges of outsourcing. Included is a focused checklist on some legal and policy issues to address in contracts between institutions and outsourcing entities. Finally, it includes two recommendations, one for an internal procedure by which to address these issues, and the other for a collaborative approach to some of these challenges from the perspective of higher education.
- Cloud Computing: "Be Prepared." EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 44, no. 4 (July/August 2009). The author writes and talks about about the policy implications of cloud computing.
- Partly Cloudy? What a CBO Should Know about Cloud Computing. This presentation, from the NACUBO 2009 Annual Meeting, highlights key issues for business officers as they consider contracting with outside services providers. The presenters also facilitate an informal discussion to share experiences, explore opportunities, and identify concerns related to cloud computing.
- Computing in the Cloud. A 2008 workshop by Princeton University`s Center for Information Technology Policy. Experts from computer science, law, politics and industry explore the social and policy implications of computing in the cloud.
Along with security implications, this section also deals with Identity Management and Privacy issues in the cloud.
- Practical Strategies for Managing Risk in Cloud Computing. This ECAR Bulletin from March 1, 2011, identifies some key principles on which to base decisions related to security assurance and compliance capabilities in cloud computing environments.
- 7 Things You Should Know About Cloud Security. September 2010. This brief publication discusses security concerns associated with cloud computing.
- Security Considerations for Cloud Computing. This wiki, created by the Higher Education Information Security Council, provides a list of security, privacy, identity, and other compliance implications to consider before moving data into the cloud.
- Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), December 2009. This report includes detailed information on governance and enterprise risk management, incident response, notification and remediation, application security, and encryption and key management.
- The CSA Consensus Assessments Initiative (CAI) was launched to perform research, create tools, and create industry partnerships to enable cloud computing assessments.
- Cloud Computing Risk Assessment. ENISA, November 2009. This is an in-depth and independent analysis that outlines some of the information security benefits and key security risks of cloud computing, and it provides a set of practical recommendations.
Identity Management
- Federated Identity: A Recipe for Higher Education. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The author discusses how federated identity provides more control over privacy and personal security, which will prove beneficial in a cloud environment.
- Identity Management and Trust Services: Foundations for Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 44, no. 5 (September/October 2009). This article explains that as IT organizations move to becoming integrators of IT services provided both locally and in the cloud, institutions must begin to plan for shared services and understand the essential role that identity management and trust services play in making this integration possible.
- New Directions in Federation. ECAR Research Study, November 2009. This study highlights the trend toward outsourced applications and more collaboration between business partners and the strains of the capabilities of traditional identity management technologies. The industry is responding to growing demands by offering federation in a range of delivery models including open source, identity federation as a hosted service, and on-premises software. While federation implementations grow at a healthy rate, the industry continues to address barriers to further adoption.
Privacy Implications
- Cloud Computing in Education, This video produced by TeachPrivacy, discusses the benefits and risks of educational institutions using cloud computing providers. Advice is provided for how educational institutions should choose cloud providers, establish a relationship with them, and maintain that relationship with the appropriate protections for privacy and data security.
- Privacy Considerations in Cloud-Based Teaching and Learning Environments, ELI White Paper, January 2011. This white paper outlines the privacy issues relevant to using cloud-based instructional tools or cloud-based teaching and learning environments for faculty members and those supporting instruction.
Business Case
As colleges and universities weigh the cloud risks, various campus and information services will present themselves as acceptable business cases to make the move into the cloud.
- Cloud Support for Web Development. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The author offers various examples of how cloud computing helps institutions explore and solve possible storage, bandwidth, or testing issues in the short term before long-term decisions are made.
- Innovating in the Cloud: Exploring Cloud Computing to Solve IT Challenges. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. This article discusses various motivations to consider the cloud. These include outdated technology, lack of funding, regional cost of living, stressed IT staff, natural disaster and emergency preparedness, and the ongoing global economic meltdown.
- Partnership of Four: Managing Alternative Sourcing at Oakland University. ECAR Case Study, August 2009. This case study examines the ways in which one institution, Oakland University, has organized and created an administrative process to cope with the challenges of the procurement and management of IT services. It describes the factors that have driven extensive use of alternative IT sourcing, the institution's Partnership of Four, and the benefits and challenges that external IT sourcing has brought to Oakland.
- Thomas Jefferson University: Enhancing IT Operations with an Outsourced Data Center. ECAR Case Study, August 2009. This case study was undertaken to study the transition of the Thomas Jefferson University centralized data center to an outsourced facility and the impact on of that transition on IT operations.
- Using Cloud Infrastructure as Part of a Digital Preservation Strategy with DuraCloud. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no.2, 2010. Using DuraCloud as an example, this article explores how cloud services can aid in replication and preservation of digital content.
Additional Recommended Resources
- A Vision for Cloud—and Earth—Based Services at UC Davis. In this February 2011 ELive! UC Davis shares how they are actively pursuing the use of cloud and cloud-like services for various campus services.
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Impact! This ELive! session asks the following questions: Is the cloud service an extension of your culture or are you adapting to their culture? What management and organizational challenges are presented?
- Clearing the Air on Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). This article points out that cloud computing is yet another story in a long-running argument about whether to create large, consolidated service centers and link them to users through data networking or whether to distribute computing resources among users.
- Looking at Clouds from All Sides Now. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). Higher education and corporate leaders offer their perspectives on the promise and perils that may lie ahead for cloud computing and above-campus services.
- Collaboration in Higher Education and Its Benefits for ICT. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 1, 2010. This article points out that cloud computing offers opportunities to rethink how technology is provided and exploited within research, learning and teaching, and the management of colleges and universities.
- Building a Cost-Effective Cloud Computing Campus Cyberinfrastructure for Education and Research. EDUCAUSE Annual Conference, November 4, 2009. This session focuses on the design of a university cloud computing system implemented at NC State University.
- Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing. UC Berkeley Technical Report, February 2009. This report defines cloud terms, presents an economic model that quantifies the key buy vs. pay-as-you-go decision, offers a spectrum to classify cloud computing providers, and gives Berkeley's view of the top 10 obstacles and opportunities to the growth of cloud computing.
- Cloud Computing: Services, Economics, and Impacts. EDUCAUSE Annual Conference, November 6, 2009. This session discusses the transition of IT services and responsibilities for infrastructure, functions, and support from institutions to either larger-scale enterprises or consumer providers. Included are the kinds of enterprise activities that lend themselves well to extramural sourcing as well as risks and how to mitigate them.
- The Tower and the Cloud: Higher Education in the Age of Cloud Computing. This 2008 EDUCAUSE book was one of first to bring cloud computing to the attention of the higher education community. Along with the book, there is also a podcast from the 2009 Enterprise Conference and a November 2009 EDUCAUSE Live!.
- Cloud Computing: Services, Economics, and Impacts. This video from the EDUCAUSE 2009 meeting asks how cloud computing might change the services and economics of IT at our institutions.
Professional Development | Risk Management | Governance | Policy, Legal Issues, and Exit Strategies | Security
After evaluating the benefits and risks of cloud computing, institutions that choose to pursue cloud options for one or more technology services must plan for the implementation.
Featured Resources
- Practical Strategies for Managing Risk in Cloud Computing, ECAR Research Bulletin, March 1, 2011. This ECAR research bulletin identifies some key principles on which to base decisions related to security assurance and compliance capabilities in cloud computing environments.
- Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. Cloud Security Alliance (CSA), December 2009. This publication discusses several areas of governance and suggested guidance, including enterprise risk management, legal and electronic discovery, compliance and audit, information lifecycle management, and portability and interoperability.
- If It's in the Cloud, Get It on Paper: Cloud Computing Contract Issues. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The author provides strategic information on negotiating cloud contracts.
Professional Development
- Professional Development and Staffing for the Cloud. EDUCAUSE Live! August 25, 2010. This ELive! webinar provides an overview on staffing issues when using cloud services. Questions asked include: What are the types and levels of information that IT professionals must understand and advance in the growing space of cloud computing? How will technical work change? How will the staff gain skill sets in negotiation, interorganizational collaboration, and risk management?
- Structuring the IT Organization for Cloud Services. ECAR Research Bulletin, June 2010. This bulletin is based on recent ECAR research on the continuing evolution of the IT help desk and the ramifications of above-campus services and cloud computing for higher education institutions.
Risk Management
- Is There Safety in the Cloud? EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. This article discusses breach incidents, notification, exposure, and liability.
- Managing Availability and Performance Risks in the Cloud: Expect the Unexpected. ECAR/Burton Study. December 2010. This study describes how to manage risk by using a well-constructed cloud exit strategy, distributing services, and acquiring insurance.
- Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. CSA, December 2009. Topics reviewed in this publication include governance and enterprise risk management, incident response, notification and remediation, application security, and encryption and key management.
- Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. CSA, December 2009. Starting on page 26, this publication discusses several areas of governance and suggested guidance for those specific areas. Areas of governance include governance and enterprise risk management, legal and electronic discovery, compliance and audit, information lifecycle management, and portability and interoperability.
Policy, Legal Issues, and Exit Strategies
Cloud policy encompasses several key components that help build a solid guide for schools to enter into service contracts with cloud vendors. These include the ability to write cloud-specific RFPs, contracts, and SLAs that minimize legal issues down the road.
- Managing Availability and Performance Risks in the Cloud: Expect the Unexpected. This December 2010 ECAR/Burton study describes how to manage risk by using a well-constructed cloud exit strategy, distributing services, and acquiring insurance.
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing: Cloud Contracting. This November 2010 EDUCAUSE Live! session on cloud computing raises not only technical but also legal and policy issues that come into play when drafting vendor contracts.
- If It's in the Cloud, Get It on Paper: Cloud Computing Contract Issues. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The author provides strategic information on negotiating cloud contracts. This author also presented on this topic for ELive! in December 2010, and he has created a cloud computing contracts wiki.
- The Common Solutions Group (CSG) and National Association of College and University Attorneys (NACUA) recently developed standard language upon which colleges and universities might base their engagements with vendors of outsourced collaboration services. They have developed a Model RFP and have included a summary of issues related to RFP. Other documents developed by this collaboration include Model Contracts as well as a summary of issues related to contracts.
- Is There Safety in the Cloud? EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010 The author provides a list of questions that should be incorporated into RFPs and contract negotiations.
- Examples of a Midsize College's Experiences with SaaS: Working in the Cloud. EDUCAUSE 2009 Annual Conference. This presentation explores how a midsize public institution is coming to terms with the new world of cloud computing and SaaS in its IT systems portfolio management. See Service Provider Requirement example and hosted Solutions questions.
- Cloud Computing and the Power to Choose. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). This article discusses jurisdictional issues concerning use of cloud services.
- Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing V2.1. CSA, December 2009 (page 37–38). This guide includes info on audit and compliance guidelines (HIPAA/FERPA—Will you need your cloud provider to act as FERPA agent for the institution?).
- Practical Strategies for Managing Risk in Cloud Computing, ECAR Research Bulletin, March 1, 2011. This ECAR research bulletin identifies some key principles on which to base decisions related to security assurance and compliance capabilities in cloud computing environments.
- Cloud Computing Security: An Oxymoron?. Resources from this EDUCAUSE 2010 Annual Conference discussion session include a cloud controls matrix and a sample security checklist.
- Identity Management and Trust Services: Foundations for Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 44, no. 5 (September/October 2009).
- New Directions in Federation. This November 2009 ECAR/Burton study follows the trend toward outsourced applications and more collaboration between business partners and the strained capabilities of traditional identity management technologies. The industry is responding to growing demands by offering federation in a range of delivery models that includes open source, identity federation as a hosted service, as well as on-premises software form factors.
- Domain 12: Guidance for Identity & Access Management V2.1. Cloud Security Alliance, April 2010. This publication includes information on authentication, federation, SSO, questions for vendors and assessment checklist, access control, user profile management, and audit logs.
- Cloud Computing Security. This is a Higher Education Information Security Council (HEISC) wiki that provides a wealth of information on security, privacy, identity, and other compliance implications of moving data into the cloud.
Additional Recommended Resources
- Above-Campus Services: Demand Aggregation Progress and Roadmap. This EDUCAUSE Annual Conference 2010 session assesses progress in creating and implementing new models for IT services that take advantage of fast networks, demand aggregation, and multi-institutional collaboration, including commercial partners.
- Model Issues. CSG, EDUCAUSE, and NACUA, August 27, 2010.
- Measuring the Cloud. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. This article discusses the importance of measuring the effectiveness of the cloud service.
- The Multiple Personalities of Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). Two academic IT leaders discuss the pros and cons of moving mission-critical services to the cloud.
Case Studies
Below is a collection of example case studies of cloud computing implementations in higher education, organized by service type.
Data Centers
- Owning a Data Center Is So Last Century! A full-service data center contracting operation could deliver access that is leased, not owned. This video from EDUCAUSE 2010 argues that the time for radical change is now.
- Steps to a Cloud-Ready Data Center. This EDUCAUSE 2010 podcasted session presents a three-step approach to a cloud-ready data center: simplify, share, secure. Simplify by creating simple, scalable data center networks to facilitate resource pooling; share by enabling network virtualization; and secure by allowing virtualized security services to secure the cloud.
E-Mail Outsourcing
- Google Apps at USF: From Development to Deployment and Beyond. This video from EDUCAUSE 2010 highlights the successes and challenges that USF has faced moving student e-mail to Google Apps and offers practical knowledge for institutions that either are investigating outsourced e-mail or have recently taken the plunge.
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing Series: A Community Discussion of Google Apps. EDUCAUSE Live! April 2010. Ted Fines and David Sisk focus Macalester's experience with Google over the past two years of integrating, maintaining, and supporting Google Apps for their user community, with some analysis of why there is such high interest in Google's hosted solution.
- Spotlight on Cloud Computing Series: Google Apps at Brown. EDUCAUSE Live! August 2010. About a year ago, Brown deployed Google Apps to its 6,000 students and has now decided to extend the service to include faculty and staff as well. This webcast tells how these decisions were made, the options considered, difficulties surmounted, and successes to date.
- A Tale of Two Clouds. Terry Gray, EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The University of Washington adopted a dual-provider cloud-computing strategy, focusing initially on software as a service. The original project—to replace an obsolete alumni e-mail system—resulted in a cloud solution that soon grew to encompass the entire campus community. The policies and contract terms UW developed—focusing on compliance and reducing barriers to collaboration among faculty, staff, and students—provide a solid foundation for additional cloud computing endeavors.
Teaching and Learning
- Creating an Open Web 2.0 Cloud E-Learning Experience. This EDUCAUSE 2010 session profiles two campuses incorporating the use of cloud platforms in delivering e-learning content.
Research and Storage
- Harnessing SaaS and the Cloud for Multisite Research Projects. In this EDUCAUSE 2010 podcast, you learning how UCLA has been able to create a fully streamlined IT architecture that provides real-time, on-demand assessment, reporting, and monitoring to over 14 sites with low programmatic costs.
- Cloud Storage: An Emerging Market. ECAR/Burton Study, August 2009. This study looks at various service models of cloud storage.
Support Services
- Centralized vs. Decentralized: Choosing Sweet Spots in Efficient Central Services and Local Value-Add Services. In this EDUCAUSE 2010 session, leaders from a campus central IT organization and from an independent academic unit offer their perspectives on balancing efficient central services with effective local control.
- Embracing the Cloud: Six Ways to Look at the Shift to Cloud Computing. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, 2010. The New Jersey Institute of Technology embraced the cloud in a strategy that evolved over several years, with their experiences informing a new organic strategy framed by six viewpoints.
- Emerging Technologies in Higher Education: Big School Solutions to Small School Problems. This October 2009 EDUCAUSE Live! session reviews some major sourcing developments over the past five years that can help smaller schools both address and transform their technology needs.
- Cloud with a Long Tail: The VCL in Support of Pedagogy. EDUCAUSE Review, vol. 45, no. 3 (May/June 2010). This article highlights the development of the Virtual Computing Lab (VCL) at North Carolina State University.
- Cloud Computing for the Academic Institution. EDUCAUSE Live! July 2009. The Virtual Computing Lab (VCL) is a cloud computing solution designed to address the unique needs of academic institutions. Computational resources for teaching faculty, students, and researchers require flexibility to be effective in diverse environments. This talk presents an overview of the VCL and discusses the computing resource problems that initiated it, the advantages and limitations of its use, and its pedagogical impact, as well as the economic implications of cloud computing.
- Building a Cost-Effective Cloud Computing Campus Cyberinfrastructure for Education and Research. This EDUCAUSE 2009 talk focuses on the design of a university cloud computing system implemented at NC State, including the implementation of the VCL.
EDUCAUSE Staff Picks
- TCO for Cloud Services: A Framework (ECAR Working Group Paper, April 2015)
- Cloud Strategy for Higher Education: Building a Common Solution (ECAR Bulletin, November 2014)
- Internet2 NET+, Internet2 is working with third-party vendors to provide customized cloud services using the infrastructure facilities of the Internet2 Network and the federated authentication and authorization services available through InCommon.
- What Campus Leaders Need to Know About Cloud Computing
- IT sourcing including cloud-sourcing strategies, EDUCAUSE Review
- ELI 7 Things You Should Know About Organizing Files in the Cloud
- Cloud Contract
Library Items on this Topic
EDUCAUSE Library Items for Cloud Computing
- Cloud Computing Policy and Legal Issues
March 16, 2010
A session at the EDUCAUSE Midwest Regional Conference 2010
As institutions explore alternative IT sourcing strategies, including cloud computing, there are a variety of policy and legal issues that must be carefully considered as part of the planning proce…
- Cloud Computing: Best Practices for Public, Private, or No Clouds at All
January 13, 2011
A session at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference 2011
Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) has developed a set of basic best practices surrounding cloud computing/software as a service (SaaS). This presentation will include a brief overview of the…


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Was this the quality post?
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Funny, but true.
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DA59 wrote:Doing it is bad enough. Doing it at feeding time? Wow.
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Schrobblehead wrote:...BUT CAN YOU BREAK 40 MPH WINDS IN A TENT?
PemberDucky wrote:I ALWAYS BITE INTO A FRIGID MIDDLE.
SkekTek wrote:10 SECONDS IN MICROWAVE TRANSFORMS A ***** TO AN EXPERIENCE.
DA59 wrote:Me! me! **ck me!
arcsus wrote:SO I JUST WENT TO SQUIRT A GENEROUS DOLLOP OF EASY CHEESE ONTO A CHOCOLATE FUDGE POPTART...
eHalcyon wrote:Stopping by to say... I've had four exams so far. I got one hour of sleep for my first exam. I didn't get any sleep for the second exam because I was too sore, but I was feeling more confident about hiding my "aids". I got about four hours of sleep last night. For the exam I had this morning, I didn't bother ****ing at all. But I was more cautious for the exam I had this afternoon. I think the exams have been relatively ok so far. The one I have tomorrow is the scariest for me. I expect it to be so horrible that I'm not going to get much sleep tonight either, if any... And then I have one more exam on Thursday, which I don't look forward to either.
SkekTek wrote:I GET IT SHIPPED, YES. I USUALLY GET 10 POUNDS AT A TIME... AND THAW/GRIND A LITTLE AT A TIME. YES, I CAN GET IT AND SHIP IT WHEN I'M OUT DOING... RESEARCH.
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no1 wrote:
That didn't take long.
KtCallista wrote:That didn't take long.
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Volunteer Moderator
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HiddenIdentity wrote:
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kdccrosby wrote:I got busy . . . shocker I know
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