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Ocean sunfish
The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, or common mola, is the heaviest known bony fish in the world. It has an average adult weight of 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). The species is native to tropical and temperate waters around the globe. It resembles a fish head with a tail, and its main body is flattened laterally. Sunfish can be as tall as they are long when their dorsal and ventral fins are extended.
Sunfish live on a diet that consists mainly of jellyfish, but because this diet is nutritionally poor, they consume large amounts in order to develop and maintain their great bulk. Females of the species can produce more eggs than any other known vertebrate.[1] Sunfish fry resemble miniature pufferfish, with large pectoral fins, a tail fin and body spines uncharacteristic of adult sunfish.
Adult sunfish are vulnerable to few natural predators, but sea lions, orcas and sharks will consume them. Among humans, sunfish are considered a delicacy in some parts of the world, including Japan, the Korean peninsula and Taiwan. In the EU, regulations ban the sale of fish[2] and fishery products[3] derived of the Molidae family. Sunfish are frequently, though accidentally, caught in gillnets, and are also vulnerable to harm or death from encounters with floating trash, such as plastic bags.
A member of the order Tetraodontiformes, which also includes pufferfish, porcupinefish and filefish, the sunfish shares many traits common to members of this order. It was originally classified as Tetraodon mola under the pufferfish genus, but it has since been given its own genus, Mola, with two species under it. The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, is the type species of the genus.
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Naming and taxonomy
Many of the sunfish's various names allude to its flattened shape. Its specific name, mola, is Latin for "millstone", which the fish resembles because of its grey colour, rough texture, and rounded body. Its common English name, sunfish, refers to the animal's habit of sunbathing at the surface of the water. The Dutch-, Portuguese-, French-, Catalan-, Spanish-, Italian-, Russian- and German-language names, respectively maanvis, peixe lua, poisson lune, peix lluna, pez luna, pesce luna, рыба-луна and Mondfisch, mean "moon fish", in reference to its rounded shape. In German, the fish is also known as Schwimmender Kopf, or "swimming head". In Polish it is named samogłów, meaning "head alone", because it has no true tail. The Chinese translation of its academic name is fan-che yu 翻車魚, meaning "toppled car fish". The ocean sunfish has various superseded binomial synonyms, and was originally classified in the pufferfish genus, as Tetraodon mola.[4][5] It is now placed in its own genus, Mola, with two species: Mola mola and Mola ramsayi. The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, is the type species of the genus.[6]
The Mola genus belongs to the Molidae family. This family comprise 3 genera: Masturus, Mola and Ranzania. The common name "sunfish" without qualifier is used to describe the Molidae marine family as well as the freshwater sunfishes in the family Centrarchidae which are unrelated to Molidae. On the other hand, the name "ocean sunfish" and "mola" refer only to the family Molidae.[1]
The Molidae family belongs to the order Tetraodontiformes, which includes pufferfish, porcupinefish and filefish. It shares many traits common to members of this order, including the four fused teeth that form the characteristic beak and give the order its name (tetra=four, odous=tooth, and forma=shape). Indeed, sunfish larvae resemble spiky pufferfish more than they resemble adult molas.[7]
The caudal fin of the ocean sunfish is replaced by a rounded clavus, creating the body's distinct truncated shape. The body is flattened laterally, giving it a long oval shape when seen head-on. The pectoral fins are small and fan-shaped, while the dorsal fin and the anal fin are lengthened, often making the fish as tall as it is long. Specimens up to 3.2 m (10.5 ft) in height have been recorded.[8]
The mature ocean sunfish has an average length of 1.8 m (5.9 ft), a fin-to-fin length of 2.5 m (8.2 ft) and an average weight of 1,000 kg (2,200 lb),[1] although individuals up to 3.3 m (10.8 ft) in length[8] 4.2 m (14 ft) across the fins[9] and weighing up to 2,300 kg (5,100 lb)[10] have been observed.
The spinal column of M. mola contains fewer vertebrae and is shorter in relation to the body than that of any other fish.[11] The spinal cord of a specimen measuring 2.1 m (6.9 ft) in length is under 25 mm (1 in) long.[12][citation needed][not in citation given] Although the sunfish descended from bony ancestors, its skeleton contains largely cartilaginous tissues, which are lighter than bone, allowing it to grow to sizes impractical for other bony fishes.[11][13]
The sunfish lacks a swim bladder.[11] Some sources indicate that the internal organs contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin, like the organs of other poisonous tetraodontiformes,[10] while others dispute this claim.[14]
In the course of its evolution, the caudal fin (tail) of the sunfish disappeared, to be replaced by a lumpy pseudo-tail, the clavus. This structure is formed by the convergence of the dorsal and anal fins.[15][16] The smooth-denticled clavus retains twelve fin rays, and terminates in a number of rounded ossicles.[17] Without a true tail to provide thrust for forward motion and equipped with only small pectoral fins, Mola mola relies on its long, thin dorsal and anal fins for propulsion, driving itself forward by moving these fins from side to side.[12][citation needed]
Ocean sunfish often swim near the surface, and their protruding dorsal fins are sometimes mistaken for those of sharks.[18] However, the two can be distinguished by the motion of the fin. Sharks, like most fish, swim by moving the tail sideways while keeping the dorsal fin stationary. The sunfish, on the other hand, swings its dorsal fin and anal fin in a characteristic sculling motion which can be used to identify it.[19]
Adult sunfish range from brown to silvery-gray or white, with a variety of mottled skin patterns; some of these patterns may be region-specific.[1] Colouration is often darker on the dorsal surface, fading to a lighter shade ventrally as a form of counter-shading camouflage. Mola mola also exhibits the ability to vary skin colouration from light to dark, especially when under attack.[1] The skin, which contains large amounts of reticulated collagen, can be up to 3 in (7.6 cm) thick on the ventral surface, and is covered by denticles and a layer of mucus instead of scales. The skin on the clavus is smoother than that on the body, where it can be as rough as sandpaper.[11]
More than 40 species of parasites may reside on the skin and internally, motivating the fish to seek relief in a number of ways.[1][17] In temperate regions, drifting kelp fields harbour cleaner wrasses and other fish which remove parasites from the skin of visiting sunfish. In the tropics, the mola solicits cleaning help from reef fishes. By basking on its side at the surface, the sunfish also allows seabirds to feed on parasites from its skin. Sunfish have been reported to breach, clearing the surface by more than three body lengths, possibly as another effort to dislodge parasites.[18][20]
Range and behavior
Ocean sunfish are native to the temperate and tropical waters of every ocean in the world.[11] Mola genotypes appear to vary widely between the Atlantic and Pacific, but genetic differences between individuals in the northern and southern hemispheres are minimal.[21]
Although early research suggested that sunfish moved around mainly by drifting with ocean currents, individuals have been recorded swimming 26 km in a day, at a top speed of 3.2 km/h.[22] Sunfish are pelagic and swim at depths of up to 600 m (2,000 ft). Contrary to the general perception that sunfish spend much of their time basking at the surface, research suggests that adult M. mola actually spend a large portion of their lives submerged at depths greater than 200 m (660 ft), occupying both the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones.[23]
Sunfish are most often found in water warmer than 10 °C (50 °F);[23] prolonged periods spent in water at temperatures of 12 °C (54 °F) or lower can lead to disorientation and eventual death.[19] Researchers theorize that surface basking behaviour, in which a sunfish swims on its side, presenting its largest profile to the sun, may be a method of "thermally recharging" following dives into deeper, colder water.[21][24] Others point to sightings of the fish in colder waters outside of its usual habitat, such as those southwest of England, as evidence of increasing marine temperatures.[25]
Sunfish are usually found alone, but occasionally in pairs or in large groups while being cleaned.[11] They swim primarily in open waters, but are sometimes seen near kelp beds taking advantage of resident populations of smaller fish which remove ectoparasites from their skin. Because sunfish must consume a large volume of prey, their presence in a given area may be used as an indicator of nutrient-rich waters where endangered species may be found.[11]
The diet of the ocean sunfish consists primarily of various jellyfish. It also consumes salps, squid, crustaceans, small fishes, fish larvae, and eel grass.[1] This range of food items indicates that the sunfish feeds at many levels, from the surface to deep water, and occasionally down to the seafloor in some areas.[1] The diet is nutritionally poor, forcing the sunfish to consume a large amount of food to maintain its size.[19]
The sunfish can pull in and spit out water through its small mouth to tear apart soft-bodied prey.[12] Its teeth are fused into a beak-like structure, allowing it to break up harder organisms,[10] and pharyngeal teeth located in the throat grind food into smaller pieces before passing them to the stomach.[12][citation needed][not in citation given]
Life cycle
Ocean sunfish may live up to ten years in captivity, but their lifespan in a natural habitat has not yet been determined.[18] Their growth rate is also indeterminate. However, it is known that a young specimen at the Monterey Bay Aquarium increased in weight from 26 to 399 kg (57 to 880 lb) and reached a height of nearly 1.8 m (5.9 ft) in fifteen months.[19]
The sheer size and thick skin of an adult of the species deters many smaller predators, but younger individuals are vulnerable to predation by bluefin tuna and mahi mahi. Adults are consumed by sea lions, orcas and sharks.[11] Sea lions appear to hunt sunfish for sport, tearing the fins off, tossing the body around, and then simply abandoning the still-living but helpless fish to die on the seafloor.[1][19]
The mating practices of the ocean sunfish are poorly understood, but spawning areas have been suggested in the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans.[11] Females can produce as many as 300 million eggs at a time, more than any other known vertebrate.[1] Sunfish eggs are released into the water and externally fertilized by sperm.[17]
Newly hatched sunfish larvae are only 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long. They grow to become fry, and those which survive grow many millions of times their original size before reaching adult proportions.[12] Sunfish fry, with large pectoral fins, a tail fin and body spines uncharacteristic of adult sunfish, resemble miniature pufferfish, their close relatives.[17][26] Young sunfish school for protection, but this behaviour is abandoned as they grow.[27]
Human interaction
Despite their size, ocean sunfish are docile, and pose no threat to human divers.[17] Injuries from sunfish are rare, although there is a slight danger from large sunfish leaping out of the water onto boats; in one instance a boy was knocked off his boat when a sunfish leaped onto it.[28] Areas where they are commonly found are popular destinations for sport dives, and sunfish at some locations have reportedly become familiar with divers.[10] In fact, the fish is more threatening to boaters than swimmers, as its immense size and weight can cause significant damage when struck by watercraft. Collisions with sunfish are very common in some parts of the world and may cause damage to the hull of a boat,[29] and their bodies can become lodged in the propellers of larger ships.[17]
The meat of the ocean sunfish is considered a delicacy in some regions, the largest markets being Taiwan and Japan. All parts of the sunfish are used in cuisine, from the fins to the internal organs.[14] Some parts of the fish are used in some areas of traditional medicine.[10] If the body does contain toxins, then the marketing and sale of ocean sunfish meat is forbidden in the European Union according to Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council.[3]
Sunfish are accidentally but frequently caught in drift gillnet fisheries, making up nearly 30% of the total catch of the swordfish fishery employing drift gillnet in California.[12] The by-catch rate is even higher for the Mediterranean swordfish industry, with 71% to 90% of the total catch being sunfish.[14][27]
The fishery by-catch and destruction of ocean sunfish are unregulated worldwide. In some areas, the fish are "finned" by fishermen who regard them as worthless bait thieves; this process, in which the fins are cut off, results in the eventual death of the fish, because it can no longer propel itself without its dorsal and anal fins.[30] The species is also threatened by floating litter such as plastic bags which resemble jellyfish, its main food. Bags can choke and suffocate an individual or fill its stomach to the extent that it starves.[18]
Many areas of sunfish biology remain poorly understood, and various research efforts are underway, including aerial surveys of mola populations,[31] satellite surveillance using pop-off satellite tags,[14][31] genetic analysis of tissue samples,[14] and collection of amateur sighting data.[32] Recent studies indicate a decrease in sunfish populations that may be caused by more frequent bycatch and the increasing popularity of sunfish in human diet.[11]
Sunfish in captivity
Sunfish are not widely held in aquarium exhibits, due to the unique and demanding requirements of their care. Some Asian aquariums display them, particularly in Japan.[19] The Kaiyukan Aquarium in Osaka, Japan, is one of few aquariums with mola on display, where it is reportedly as popular an attraction as the larger whale sharks.[33] The Lisbon Oceanarium in Portugal is another aquarium where sunfish are showcased in the main tank,[34] and in Spain, both the Valencia Oceanogràfic[35] and the Aquarium Barcelona[36] have specimens of sunfish.
The first ocean sunfish to be held in an aquarium in the United States arrived at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in August 1986,[37] and this remains the only location in the country where the sunfish is displayed.[38] Because sunfish had not been kept in captivity on a large scale before, the staff at Monterey Bay were forced to innovate and create their own methods for capture, feeding, and parasite control. By 1998, these issues were overcome, and the aquarium was able to hold a specimen for more than a year, later releasing it after its weight increased by more than 14 times.[19] Mola mola have since become a permanent feature of the Open Sea exhibit.[12] Monterey Bay Aquarium's largest sunfish specimen was euthanized on February 14, 2008 after an extended period of poor health.[39]
As the ocean sunfish is not highly maneuverable, preventing specimens from injuring themselves by rubbing against the walls of a tank is of major concern to curators.[33] In a smaller tank, hanging a vinyl curtain has been used as a stopgap measure to convert a cuboid tank to a rounded shape and prevent the fish from scraping against the sides. A more effective solution is simply to provide enough room for the sunfish to swim in wide circles.[19] The tank must also be sufficiently deep to accommodate the vertical height of the sunfish, which can be nearly as tall as it is long, and may reach a height of 3.2 m (10 ft).[8]
Feeding captive sunfish in a tank with other faster-moving, more aggressive fish can also present a challenge. Eventually, the fish can be taught to respond to a floating target to be fed,[38] and to take food from the end of a pole or from human hands.[19]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thys, Tierney. "Molidae Descriptions and Life History". OceanSunfish.org. http://www.oceansunfish.org/lifehistory.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
- ^ "Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption". Eur-lex.europa.eu. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004R0854R(01):EN:NOT. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
- ^ a b "Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin". Eur-lex.europa.eu. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004R0853R(01):EN:NOT. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). Species of Mola in FishBase. June 2007 version.
- ^ Parenti, Paolo (September 2003). "Family Molidae Bonaparte 1832: molas or ocean sunfishes" (PDF). Annotated Checklist of Fishes (electronic journal) 18. ISSN 1545-150X. http://research.calacademy.org/sites/research.calacademy.org/files/Departments/ichthyology/Molidae.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
- ^ Bass, L. Anna; Heidi Dewar, Tierney Thys, J. Todd. Streelman and Stephen A. Karl (July 2005). "Evolutionary divergence among lineages of the ocean sunfish family, Molidae (Tetraodontiformes)" (PDF). Marine Biology 148 (2): 405–414. doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0089-z. http://OceanSunfish.org/MolageneticsMarBio05.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
- ^ Thys, Tierney. "Molidae information and research (Evolution)". OceanSunfish.org. http://OceanSunfish.org/evolution.html. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
- ^ a b c Juliet Rowan (November 24 2006). "Tropical sunfish visitor as big as a car". The New Zealand Herald. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412167. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
- ^ Wood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc (1983), ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Mola mola" in FishBase. March 2006 version.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mola mola program - Life History". Large Pelagics Research Lab. http://www.tunalab.unh.edu/molalifehistory.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-11.[dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Ocean sunfish". Monterey Bay Aquarium. http://www.montereybayaquarium.com/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=C53nR+hhcrXgfKW+bt/MWA==. Retrieved 2010-11-26.
- ^ Adam Summers. "No Bones About 'Em". Natural History Magazine. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927174327/http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/0307/0307_biomechanics.html. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ a b c d e Thys, Tierney. "Ongoing Research". OceanSunfish.org. http://oceansunfish.org/research.html. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ "Strange tail of the sunfish". The Natural History Museum. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2006/feb/news_7758.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Johnson, G. David; Ralf Britz (October 2005). "Leis' Conundrum: Homology of the Clavus of the Ocean Sunfishes. 2. Ontogeny of the Median Fins and Axial Skeleton of Ranzania laevis (Teleostei, Tetraodontiformes, Molidae)" (PDF (fee required)). Journal of Morphology 266 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1002/jmor.10242. PMID 15549687. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/user/accessdenied?ID=109795665&Act=2138&Code=4717&Page=/cgi-bin/fulltext/109795665/PDFSTART. Retrieved 2007-06-11. "We thus conclude that the molid clavus is unequivocally formed by modified elements of the dorsal and anal fin and that the caudal fin is lost in molids."
- ^ a b c d e f McGrouther, Mark (2011-04-06). "Ocean Sunfish, Mola mola". Australian Museum Online. http://AustralianMuseum.net.au/Ocean-Sunfish-Mola-mola/. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
- ^ a b c d "Mola (Sunfish)". National Geographic. http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/mola.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Powell, David C. (2001). "21. Pelagic Fishes". A Fascination for Fish: Adventures of an Underwater Pioneer. Berkeley: University of California Press, Monterey Bay Aquarium. pp. 270–275. ISBN 0-520-22366-7. OCLC 44425533. http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt2g502035&chunk.id=ch21. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ Thys, Tierney (2007). "Molidae information and research". OceanSunfish.org. http://www.oceansunfish.org/sightings.html.
- ^ a b Thys, Tierney (2003-11-30). "Tracking Ocean Sunfish, Mola mola with Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags in California Waters". OceanSunfish.org. http://www.oceansunfish.org/MontereySanctuaryv11.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
- ^ "Animal Guide: Ocean Sunfish" Monterey Bay Aquarium Animal Guide Monterey, CA: Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation http://www.montereybayaquarium.com/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=C53nR+hhcrXgfKW+bt/MWA==. Retrieved October 24, 2010
- ^ a b "Mola mola program - Preliminary results". Large Pelagics Research Lab. January 2006. http://www.tunalab.unh.edu/molaresearchresults.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-11.
- ^ "The Biogeography of Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola)". San Francisco State University Department of Geography. Fall 2000. http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/fall00projects/mola.html. Retrieved 2008-04-25.
- ^ Mark Oliver and agencies (July 25 2006). "Warm Cornish waters attract new marine life". Guardian Unlimited. http://www.guardian.co.uk/conservation/story/0,,1828580,00.html. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
- ^ Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. "The Ocean Sunfishes or Headfishes". Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. http://www.gma.org/fogm/Mola_mola.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-30.
- ^ a b Tierney Thys (February 2003) (.swf). Swim with giant sunfish in the open ocean (Professional conference). Monterey, California, United States: Technology Entertainment Design. http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/126. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
- ^ "Boy struck by giant tropical fish". BBC. 2005-08-28. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4192566.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-25.
- ^ Lulham, Amanda (2006-12-23). "Giant sunfish alarm crews". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20965343-23218,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12.
- ^ Thys, Tierney. "Present Fishery/Conservation". Large Pelagics Lab. http://www.tunalab.unh.edu/molafishery.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ a b "Current Research". Large Pelagics Research Lab. http://www.tunalab.unh.edu/molaresearch.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ "Have you seen a Mola??". Large Pelagics Research Lab. http://www.tunalab.unh.edu/haveyouseenamola.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ a b "Main Creature in Kaiyukan". Osaka Kaiyukan Aquarium. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070528161126/http://www.kaiyukan.com/eng/life/index.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ "Ocean sunfish at Oceanario". Oceanario. http://www.oceanario.pt/cms/852. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
- ^ "Sunfish at Oceanogràfic". Oceanogràfic. http://www.cac.es/oceanografic/animals/ficha/?contentId=109672. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
- ^ Ocean Sunfish L'Aquàrium de Barcelona
- ^ "Aquarium Timeline". Monterey Bay Aquarium. http://www.mbayaq.org/aa/timelineBrowser.asp?tf=32. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ a b Life in the slow lane. Monterey Bay Aquarium. http://www.montereybayaquarium.com/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=C53nR+hhcrXgfKW+bt/MWA==. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
- ^ "Aquarium Euthanizes Its Largest Ocean Sunfish". KSBW. http://www.ksbw.com/news/15306004/detail.html. Retrieved 2008-12-20.


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THIS IS A MANUFACTURER DIRECT ITEM. THIS ITEM SHIPS ON OR BEFORE Tuesday, May 12 th
The Orlando Magic deluxe 16" x 20" frame with team logo is a perfect addition for the collector looking to professionally display their loose (horizontal) 16" x 20" photo. Each black wood frame is double-matted with a suede top mat and includes a laser-cut team logo that has been individually assembled. The back of the frame opens for quick and easy access when adding your favorite photo. Please note that this is for horizontal photos only. It is officially licensed by the National Basketball Association. Framed dimensions are 29" x 27" x1".
- Black wood frame
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David Arquette Gossip
David Arquette gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
All Access With The Arquettes
Written by Duana We're getting up awfully early at my house these days. Between a new puppy and a lot of work to do and a delightful houseguest, we are usually deep into the swing of the workday by about 7 AM. This morning, that meant Lainey and I discussing Courteney and David Arquette at length, already. Full Story
Guys who don't want us & friends left behind
Written by Sasha Hey Sasha, I reconnected with this guy I know from high school. He lives back home which is in the Caribbean and I live in Toronto. We would bbm, skype and fb. He told me that he had a crush on me in high school but was too shy to say anything. Full Story
Cox & Arquette: Coincidence or Conspiracy?
It's one of my favourite questions. As you now know, they announced a "trial separation" yesterday that's actually been in effect for months. Something about trying to discover each other, themselves, and boundaries. It was written by a therapist and vetted by a publicist and the timing is curious on more than one level. Full Story
Granny Freeze with dark hair?
This is not Nicole Kidman with black hair. It is in fact Courteney Cox, at the Crystal + Lucy Awards last night where she was honoured for her work on television. Courteney arrived with her husband David Arquette and an ever tightening face. Not as alarming, no, as Nicole Kidman Granny Freeze's, especially since Cox's Third Lip protrusion was kept to a minimum, but with many similarities nonetheless, particularly something around the eyes and cheeks, and made even more obvious when she's posing next to Vanessa Hudgens who is 24 years – a quarter of a century! – her junior and they look practically the same. Full Story
Jen & Courteney back together
After shooting in New York for several weeks away from her bestie and her favourite shoulder to cry on, Jennifer Aniston was back in LA last night with Courteney Cox and husband David Arquette for the Fleetwood Mac show. You know what she's doing this weekend! What else? The beach, the sun, it's been far too long, This girl next door who lives an ordinary life in a $15 million mansion needs to recharge her battery after a gruelling work schedule. Full Story
A problem to solve. Or a problem with no answer? Please explain to me... Who or what is the target clientele for David Arquette's new clothing line propr? It launched at Kitson last night. KITSON! Where random items are tossed in bins and sold for $500! So that's his price point??? Just. Full Story


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This is interesting, but since CUDA is limited when you're running under X, unless they are supporting CUDA on a second GPU in the SLI slot not running in SLI mode, this is of rather limited usefulness.
Phoronix: PhysX For CUDA, Linux Support A Given?
Earlier this month it was revealed that NVIDIA Corporation would be buying up AGEIA Technologies, which is the maker of the PhysX SDK and the PhysX PPU (Physics Processing Unit) hardware. That same day we had then asked the question whether is NVIDIA buying AGEIA good for Linux? (The responses.) AGEIA had produced a PhysX software SDK binary for Linux but have never released a Linux driver to enable the offloading of these physics calculations to their PPU hardware. In NVIDIA's Q4'07 financial results conference call, it was revealed by their CEO, Jen-Hsun Huang, that they are already busy porting PhysX to using the CUDA interface and will be available as a free software update for GeForce 8 owners...
This is interesting, but since CUDA is limited when you're running under X, unless they are supporting CUDA on a second GPU in the SLI slot not running in SLI mode, this is of rather limited usefulness.
great. ati users left out, as usual :/
Then, that's AWESOME. I'd figured that they'd thought along those lines, but not having had a chance to play with any G80 hardware, I didn't know if there was "issues" with that configuration or not.
I guess if they're going to CUDA with PhysX, in addition to their dedicated hardware for it, I might be inclined to go looking for an SLI motherboard and Laptop, then...
Heh... I'm SURE that they'll get their act together...eventually. I'm a bit concerned about them claiming that the Workstation market's their main market for Linux and that they need to have closed drivers in that space- if that were honestly the case, you'd expect to see "better" results.
We desperately need better GPU scheduling. OpenGL is used by everything from firefox3 to amarok, and compiz doesn't play nice. A GPU scheduler needs to find its way into the linux kernel, like the GPU memory manager did. It's just another processor, and it needs to be managed right.
Does anybody know if on a 2 GPU card, is Cuda able to access the second GPU on the same card? So in other words, if your using a dual GPU card 9800GX2, will you be able to use one GPU for X and the other for Cuda?


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Size and print type
22" x 16.5" without border
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This giclée print offers beautiful color accuracy on a high-quality paper (235 gsm) that is a great option for framing with its smooth, acid free surface. Giclée (French for "to spray") is a printing process where millions of ink droplets are sprayed onto the paper's surface creating natural color transitions. Price
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I wanted the best quality reproduction I could get for the money. It was this or an oil on canvas reproduction for about twice the money. I am very satisfied I chose this option.
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All one needs to do to appreciate this piece, is to read a few accounts of Lincoln and the civil war. This painting depicts Lincoln confering with his generals and his admiral close to the end of the war. I plan on enjoying it for many years to come. and I hope my children will fight over it when I am gone.
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Tux Paint is a simple graphics educational painting programs for young children. It is free, Open Source software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The program can be installed all all versions of Microsoft Windows, Apple OS X v10.3+, Linux, BeOS, Haiku, FreeBSD and NetBSD operating systems. It combines an easy-to-use interface, fun sound effects, and an encouraging cartoon mascot who guides children as they use the program.
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text: Dow Jones Newswires -- Crude futures on the New York Mercantile Exchange fell by 2.2% Tuesday, closing at the lowest level since mid-July against a backdrop of weak earnings results and growing concerns about the economy.Nymex front-month futures for December delivery settled at $86.67 per barrel, down $1.98, the lowest settling price since July 12. Brent oil futures were $1.17 lower to $108.27.Oil prices have been mostly on a downward trend since mid-September, fueled by the perception of plentiful oil supplies and continued concerns about the health of the global economy. But Tuesday's trading shifted oil into a lower range than it has experienced in recent months, generating talk that the commodity could have further to fall. Read the Full Article


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Dells places four wrestlers in Brandon
Maxwell wins 100th-career match
Dell Rapids placed four wrestlers at Saturday's Dan Pansch – Jesse James Invitational in Brandon, including a first place finish from senior Leon Maxwell.Maxwell, a St. Mary High School student, picked up four more wins, including his 100th career match in the 220-pound championship match.Maxwell's first victim of the day was Bon Homme-Scotland's Logan Rothschadl. Maxwell earned the pin after 2 minutes and 13 seconds into the match. In his second match, Maxwell pinned Clayton Ebright of Brandon Valley after 1 minute and 45 seconds. Harrisburg's Kyle Hansen was next to fall to Maxwell. Hansen was pinned after 3 minutes and 40 seconds. In the championship match, Maxwell faced his biggest challenge of the day. Canton's Riley Ostbye went the distance with the Quarrier, but still found himself in defeat after a 6-2 decision.Brock Reinhiller, wrestling at 170 pounds for Dell Rapids, picked up four wins, all by pin. In the first round, he pinned Garretson's Derek Decker after 1 minutes and 32 seconds. In the third round, Reinhiller pinned Dalton Jacobsma of Luverne, Minn. after 3 minutes and 20 seconds. Reinhiller's third pin came in the fourth round when he bested Cody Hanzlik of Yankton after 2 minutes and 28 seconds. Sealing the fifth place finish in his sixth match of the day, Reinhiller pinned Tanner Iwan of Bon Homme-Scotland after 2 minutes and 3 seconds.Reinhiller's losses came against Lane Warzecha of Harrisburg in the second round and Conner Gose of Huron in the fifth round. The fifth round fall was by pin.160-pounder Austin Eulberg scored pin points three times and won four of six matches on his way to a fifth place finish for Dell Rapids.In the first round, Eulberg pinned Jared Mettler of West Central after 3 minutes and 27 seconds. Vermillion's Brandon Hertz turned the tables on Eulberg in his second match, and the Quarrier was pinned after 2 miutes and 42 seconds. In the third round, Eulberg didn't waste any time getting back to his winning ways by pinning Yankton's Ryan Sternhagen in 19 seconds. He earned his third pin of the day by beating West Central's Jonah Rectenbaugh. Keeping Eulberg from a chance for a third place finish was Brandon Valley's Wyatt Winter. Winter pinned Eulberg after 1 minutes and 15 seconds.In the match for fifth place, Eulberg beat Colin Simons of Huron in a 7-4 decision.Winning three of his five matches, Jacob Huewe earned a seventh place finish for the Quarriers. Huewe pinned Jordan Lucht of Yankton after a minute and a half of wrestling. Huewe fell by pin in the second round to Dan Armstrong of Roosevelt after 5 minutes and 24 seconds.Huewe's third match again ended with a pin. This time, it was Garretson's Josh Powell on his back when the final whistle blew.After a decision loss to Nick Christensen of Huron, Huewe pinned Josh Vaith of Bon Homme-Scotland to earn the seventh place finish.Wrestling at 106 pounds, Scott Warwick earned a first round 5-2 win for the Quarriers against Scott Peterson of Canton. Warwick was pinned in the second round by Roosevelt's Brandon Carrol before being eliminated from the tournament in a 6-4 loss to Jake Haugen of Luverne.Wrestling at 126 pounds, Jacob Ottoson picked up points for the Quarriers with a first round pin against Vermillion's Mason Pickett. Ottoson dropped his next two matches by pin, first to Canton's John Lemer and then to Blake Konstanz of Bon Homme-Scotland.Dell Rapids' James Lueders, wrestling at 132 pounds, bounced back from a first round pin against O'Gorman's Ryan OConnell to beat John Houig of Garretson. Lueders lost a 2-2 decision to Sam Caba of Bon Homme-Scotland in the third round.Wrestling at 138 pounds, Sutton Adams fell by pin to Blue Dragon Brendon Harris before beating Harrisburg's Cade Bruggeman in the second round. Adams fell 12-1 to Nathan Beech of Fulda-Murray County in the third round.Levi Sterburg of Brandon Valley pinned Dell Rapids' Reice Tiernen in the first round of the 182-pound bracket. The Quarrier rebounded in his second match with a pin of his own against Flandreau's Anthony Bakkedahl after 55 seconds. Tiernen was dropped from contention after his next match when he was pinned by Austin Waite of Canton in 55 seconds.Jacob Habeger also earned a pin for the Quarriers, beating Tea Area's Brevin Wagner after 1 minutes and 53 seconds.Dell Rapids wrestling coach Craig Jorgenson said he thought his team showed toughness after a rocky start."We struggled early in the tournament but came around and won every match in the placing round," he said. Dells QuadThe Quarriers hosted a quadrangular Tuesday, Jan. 7 where they faced Canton and Beresford.Dell Rapids fell 50-30 to the Watchdogs, but got a few quality victories in the dual.Huewe pinned Beresford's 152-pound Kaleb Peterson after 5 minutes and 59 seconds.Reinhiller picked up a pin for the Quarriers by beatng Eli Orr in the 170-pound match after 2 minutes and 23 seconds.Maxwell won his match against Watchdog Tristan Lutter with a pin after 1 minutes and 50 seconds.Dell Rapids' Habeger pinned Connor Hoy after 55 seconds.The Quarriers were a bit more competitive in the Canton dual, but fell 39-34.Warwick earned points for Dell Rapids with a 9-3 win over Scott Peterson in the 106-pound match.Dell Rapids' Lueders pinned Kyle Laubach after 3 minutes and 4 seconds in the 132-pound match.Adams pinned Kyle Peterson after 2 minutes and 47 seconds, and Gorospe beat Sam Hopper 4-2. Huewe pinned Jake Albett after 2 minutes and 43 seconds, and Eulberg beat Austin Scheuers 11-2. Maxwell pinned Riley Ostbye after 1 minutes and 28 seconds.
Argus Leader
Dell Rapids Public School
Dell Rapids St. Mary's Catholic School
Dell Rapids Chamber of Commerce
City of Dell Rapids


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Ventura hopes altered rotation gets results in DC
Axelrod set to make first career start vs. Nationals in series finale
White Sox manager Robin Ventura decided to switch his club's rotation order this week, giving Dylan Axelrod the nod for Thursday's finale in place of Jose Quintana.
As the White Sox try to snap the Nationals' five-game home winning streak at Nationals Park, the skipper said the move was all about matchups. Ventura will look to get another strong outing from his righty as the club tries to salvage the finale of its first Interleague series of this season.
Ventura is fond of Interleague Play, which will take place throughout the entire season this year after divisional realignment.
"I just think it's good for the team-wise, the players to get more action, so guys are ready," Ventura said. "For a manager, there's just different things going on. In the American League, when you pull a pitcher, it's because you want to pull a pitcher. In this one, there are times a guy comes out for a pinch-hitter. The double-switch -- a player comes out that normally wouldn't come out of an American League game."
It also means Axelrod will have to hit against his Nationals counterpart, Dan Haren.
In Axelrod's first start this season, he matched up against Felix Hernandez and did not allow a run in 5 2/3 innings. It was Axelrod's first career game against the Mariners, and the White Sox hope he'll repeat his success in his first matchup against the Nationals.
Haren will take the mound after struggling Friday in his Nationals debut against the Reds. Haren lasted just four innings in a 15-0 loss, allowing six runs on nine hits and four home runs.
He had success against Chicago while with the Angels last year, though, going 1-1 with a 2.25 ERA in 12 innings. The 11-year veteran owns a 3.53 career ERA with 30 Ks in 35 2/3 innings against the White Sox.
White Sox: Rios locked in early
• Alex Rios' four-game homer streak ended in Wednesday's 5-2 loss, but his hitting streak is still alive. Rios enters Thursday's game with a 14-game hitting streak dating back to last season and is powering the White Sox's offense early this year with a team-high 14 hits and eight RBIs.
• Gordon Beckham will not start in Thursday's finale in Washington as he continues to recover from nerve irritation suffered during an at-bat in the series opener. He does not plan to swing a bat until Friday, although he could be available to pinch-run or bunt.
"It's a little frustrating, but it's a minor setback as of right now," Beckham said. "I expect to be back out there in a couple of days and hopefully feel fine, 100 percent, keep going with where I started and feel good about that and help this team."
Nationals: Bullpen struggles don't worry Nats
The Nationals' bullpen has gotten some bad press recently, but pitching coach Steve McCatty isn't too concerned. His relievers allowed 20 runs in 21 2/3 innings entering Wednesday's game, but McCatty believes his group will turn the corner.
"Do I have any concerns? No. Could they do better? Sure, but it's still early," McCatty said. "Everybody is looking at the first seven games that we are playing. Could we be sharper? Sure. Is there a reason to doubt it? No. There is going to be stretches during the season where everybody is going to have their moments where everything is clicking together. But fortunately, the offense has been good enough that we are still able to get the wins."
Worth noting
• Nationals outfielder Bryce Harper continued his torrid start to the season on Wednesday, collecting a pair of hits -- including his fourth homer -- to raise his average to .394. Despite the power, Harper has yet to draw a walk this season.
• Following up back-to-back rocky outings, Nationals closer Rafael Soriano pitched a clean ninth inning Wednesday to record his fourth save in five opportunities this season.
• Wednesday marked the second game this season in which the White Sox did not draw a walk.
Gary Cotton is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Item #
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Date published: 2013-02-11


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Novel 'Mary Coin' based on famous Depression-era photograph
It is hard not to be drawn in by Dorothea Lange's iconic photograph called "Migrant Mother." The photo, a now ubiquitous image of struggling farm workers during the Great Depression, is startling in its honest depiction of poverty, strength and despair.
It was this picture, hanging in a gallery at New York's Museum of Modern Art, that inspired acclaimed writer and filmmaker Marisa Silver to pen her new novel, "Mary Coin." Like many other fascinated viewers before her, Silver imagines the moment that the government photographer (here called Vera Dare) approached the destitute family matriarch (Mary Coin) and asked to capture a moment of her life on film. »Read Full Article
Miley Cyrus showcases shock tactics, and talent, at BMO Harris Bradley Center
Miley Cyrus has described her polarizing new persona as "a strategic hot mess."
But from a short-term business perspective, the strategy seemed to have consequences at the BMO Harris Bradley Center in Milwaukee on Sunday. »Read Full Article(69)
Bel Canto tackles new sacred works
The Bel Canto Chorus and the Milwaukee Chamber Orchestra joined forces in the Basilica of St. Josaphat on Sunday afternoon to explore the topics on which the Christian world is focused at this time of year: death and resurrection.
The program, led by Richard Hynson, music director of both ensembles, opened with James MacMillan's "Seven Last Words from the Cross," written for chorus and string orchestra. »Read Full Article
Reports of 'flopping' Lady Gaga Summerfest show 'ridiculous,' says Live Nation exec
Reports of struggling ticket sales for Lady Gaga's upcoming tour--in particular her Summerfest headlining show June 26--have prompted a Live Nation executive to speak out to Billboard about the "ridiculous" claims.
"The run with Gaga over the last two tours has been incredibly successful, and this one is shaping up no differently," Arthur Fogel, chairman of the company's global touring division, producers of Gaga's forthcoming artRave: The ARTPOP Ball tour, told Billboard's Ray Waddell. Fogel added that the 29 North American shows currently on sale have grossed $26 million in ticket revenue, with 80 percent of all tickets for North America and Europe dates already sold. »Read Full Article(2)
In 3 weeks, Hank's gone from scruffy to star
Hank the Brewers dog was in rough condition when he wandered into the Milwaukee Brewers' spring training camp at Maryvale Baseball Park in Phoenix.
That was on Feb. 17. Since then — he'll have been in camp three weeks Monday — he's been cleaned up, checked up and loved up. »Read Full Article(22)
Free doughnut at Krispy Kreme Sunday as treat for Daylight Saving Time
Daylight Saving Time started today and Krispy Kreme is feeling sorry for all of us having to wake up an hour earlier (clocks should be set forward an hour).
So Krispy Kreme is giving out sweet treat freebies to make up for it: Visitors get one free original glazed doughnut Sunday, March 9. »Read Full Blog Post


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***Save the Date***
Cures Gala 2015
Saturday, October 17, 2015
$20.75 funds one patient for one day in a Gateway-funded cancer clinical trial. Learn more...
There are heroes among us
2014 cures gala
At the 2014 Cures Gala, we honor, celebrate and lift high the heroes who are at the frontlines of our mighty war on this terrible disease … the patients. Learn more...
Gateway for Cancer Research is pleased to announce its transition to e-grantmaking – replacing paper application and review processes with a web-based grants management solution. Learn more...
Your generous donation to the Gateway for Cancer Research funds cancer research. Thanks to generous underwriting, 99 cents of every dollar received funds cancer clinical trials. We believe that if you donate to cancer research, your donation should go to cancer research. Learn more...
Gateway's Annual Report has just been released. Please click here to view our year in review and celebrate the accomplishments of the doctors, researchers and patients as well as learn more about Gateway's new clinical trials.
2014 Cancer researcher of the year: Dr. Edward Lin
Gateway for Cancer Research is proud to announce Dr. Edward Lin of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center as the 2014 Cancer Researcher of the Year. This annual award recognizes Gateway funded researchers who not only advance knowledge, but also enrich the lives of people living with cancer today.
With funding from Gateway, Dr. Lin is leading a phase II clinical trial that restores hope - and life - for individuals with advanced stage colorectal cancer. Learn more.
New Gateway President Announced...Welcome Teresa Bartels!
The Gateway for Cancer Research named Teresa Bartels as its new president. Teresa is an accomplished strategic executive who brings a wealth of experience from the business and nonprofit sectors.
In her new role as President, Teresa will spread Gateway's message that innovation and true ingenuity in cancer research are needed if cures for cancer are to be discovered in this generation. Read more....
Breast Cancer Heroes: Add Your Voice
Have you posted your hero on Gateway's Breast Cancer Hero site? On the cancer journey there are likely many patients, survivors, friends, caregivers, doctors, nurses and family that you may consider to be a hero. Add your hero to Gateway's Breast Cancer Hero site.
A new and innovative lung cancer clinical trial is being conducted at UCLA. This trial tests the use of an aromatase inhibitor in conjunction with the standard lung cancer chemotherapy to find better treatments and hopefully cures for lung cancer. This trial is based upon the concept that estrogen serves as the basic fuel for lung cancer. The trial is for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Watch a short video from lung cancer researcher, Dr. Richard Pietras.
Lung Cancer Hero Page: Add Your Hero
Do you have a lung cancer hero...patient, survivor, doctor, caregiver, friend? Post your message to Gateway's Lung Cancer Hero page and honor that special person whom you consider a hero.
Setting an athletic event goal for 2014? Join The Gateway's Team Demand to raise money for cancer research at your walk, run, marathon, bike, ski, swim or virtual event! Learn more...
2014 Team Demand Events:
• Craig Peterson Berkebeiner Ski Fundraiser, Completed! Still accepting donations.


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Very good idea Michael! Thanks for this benchmark!
Phoronix: Amazon EC2 Cloud Benchmarks
Following last week's KVM vs. VirtualBox benchmarks and then looking at the multi-core scaling of KVM virtualization, we now have up some benchmarks of Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) looking at the performance of this leading cloud computing service. This is just the start of some Amazon EC2 benchmarks with this article looking at the performance of their m1.large and m1.xlarge instances compared to some other hardware. There is also an OpenBenchmarking.org ID for those interested in replicating these tests.
Very good idea Michael! Thanks for this benchmark!
I'd love to see Amazon EC2 compared not only to real hardware but also to Rackspace's cloud offerings. Some people say they fare a lot better in terms of CPU than EC2.
Censored service, not gonna use, plenty of alternatives.
It might be interesting from a technical viewpoint but:
a) NEVER trust your data to a cloud
b) especially not Amazon (-> Wikileaks)
So this should be a big no go area for sensible people.
LOL Cloud computing<> old style thin clients , its all the same thing with another name, and pretty much useless for the likes of clustered X264 video Encoding, or indeed anything personal you would Not like to loss or have a 3rd party company make profits from Your derived content....without paying you your fee...
Still.... im all for this current gold rush bubble to continue for a while yet, why, simple, it forces the worlds ISP's and related vendors to massively upgrade the infrastructure and last mile pipes etc.
so when this latest Cloud bubble finally bursts as its surely will, then they will still be able to use this already installed kit/infrastructure for far more useful and productive cheap uses so as to recoup their costs
So it's "similar" that the Opteron was between the m1.large and m1.xlarge in the previous benchmark, but in this one, the Opteron is between 2 and 3 times faster than either of the AMIs? Think you need to watch how much gluhwein you're drinking, Michael...Originally Posted by phoronix
Close? The fastest (the Core i7) is well over twice as fast as the slowest (m1.large). How is that close? I guess you could say the xlarge and the Opteron are sort of close, but that's not the only conclusion to draw here, and you certainly didn't specify that.Originally Posted by phoronix
Article nitpicking aside, I think it would be funny to write a program that automatically looks at graphs like this, draws "conclusions", and formats them in a style that resembles Michael's writing I have some spare time this holiday season, so I might take a stab at writing such a program! It will be hard to exactly mimic his writing style, though... he has have had had had had had had had had -- er, I mean, has a unique style
Cloud services seem to be a flame generating topic, but I'll try to stay above the fray..
The trouble with benchmarking AWS is that there are so many options. Let me provide an anecdote: One of our instances was having terrible DB performance and we were about to abandon EC2 until we brought a couple of ELB disks online and put the DB on a RAID. By paying slightly more, we were able to increase performance from unacceptable to better than a standalone server at less than half the cost.
There are just too many variables in play. On a standalone, you have to support the hardware, pay for electricity, etc. On a cloud, you pay incrementally for everything, and resources are shared so you have to be able to scale your computing in ways that work with the cloud infrastructure.
One word on Rackspace cloud: It is a competitive alternative, but provides fewer choices than AWS. If you fit exactly into one of the Rackspace Cloud profiles, it is definitely the better deal, but if not, you're out of luck. It's not like AWS where if you need more memory, you choose the more memory option -- with Rackspace you have to choose the more cpu, more disk, more memory option. Again though, if your app needs all 3, then it is the better deal.


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Last year, members of Christ Church in Rochester, NY, wrote Lenten meditations and posted them on their Website, and this one — from Lucy Alonzo, an Episcopal deacon — is so very fitting for this final day before Easter.
And the journal page at the bottom? Well, it couldn't be more beautiful or more perfect for today…
The�Holy Saturday readings: Job 14:1-14 or Lamentations 3:1-9, 19-24, 1 Peter 4:1-8, John 19:38-42
What do you do when your world falls apart?�� On Holy Saturday, the disciples must have been in a state of shock.� Their beloved teacher who had healed so many, their Messiah, who had been greeted with palms as the Son of David on his entry into Jerusalem less than a week earlier, had been executed as a criminal!� What should they do now?� And what should we do when coping with disasters like the loss of a job, the death of a loved one, or any other time we feel that our world has crumbled? The readings for today show us some possible responses.
Job was a pious and upright man, but sudden calamities had killed all his children, stripped him completely of his considerable wealth, and ruined his health. In today�s reading he complains to God� -� an understandable response, though not particularly helpful except as a vent for his emotions.
In the Gospel reading, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus care for the body of Jesus, wrapping it with costly spices and placing it Joseph�s own new tomb.� Their choice was to do what they could to help, in the midst of their own sorrow� -� an appropriate choice for followers of the One who had commanded us to love our neighbors as ourselves.� Peter�s letter agrees with this approach, reminding us, �Above all, maintain constant love for one another, for love covers a multitude of sins.�
For all of us who wish to follow Jesus, I think that an extremely important example is the choice He made in the Garden of Gethsemane:� �Not my will but yours be done.��� This is difficult to say in the midst of a disaster, but in my experience it is a very helpful way to pray.� Luke�s Gospel says that after Jesus prayed this way in the garden, �an angel from heaven appeared to him and gave him strength� (Luke 22:43).� An example I like is a little child crying about a broken toy while holding onto it with all his might; his father can fix it for him only when he is willing to hand it over to him.� It takes faith to entrust our problems to our Heavenly Father, but it does make it much more possible for Him to help us.�
I learned something about this as a freshman in college.� I had a huge crush on a very nice boy, a friend of my cousin, and had been hoping he would write to me. But instead he sent me an invitation to his engagement party, and all my castles in the air came crashing down.� (Years later, he became a state governor, and I realized that I could never have been the political hostess he needed!)� Anyhow I went to the chapel and part of my prayer was approximately, �Lord, obviously you did not want what I wanted, but I�m sure you have a better plan for me, so please take charge of my life and help me to do what you want.�� Well, God answered my prayer by touching me with his love;� I cannot really describe it, but for weeks afterwards I was riding my bike around campus singing the Gloria. Of course surrendering our will to God is an ongoing process, but I believe each step along that path brings help when we need it most.
The reading from Lamentations is the one that I find most helpful for desperate situations.� Jeremiah had been persecuted for prophesying to Jerusalem about the approaching disaster; when the city was destroyed it would be understandable if he had felt it served them right. Instead he wrote in Lamentations, �My eyes flow with rivers of tears because of the destruction of my people.� However he also wrote, �But this I call to mind, and therefore I have hope: The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases, his mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning; great is Your faithfulness.�
So when our world seems to have fallen apart, let us do what we can to be helpful and loving, ask our Lord to take charge of the whole situation and say with Jeremiah, �The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases.�
The resurrection is coming!
Thanks be to God.
I�live in upstate New York with my hubby of oh-so-many years.� Our family includes our daughter and son-in-law, and two of�the�sweetest granddaughters�ever!


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President Barack Obama struck a combative tone during a surprise news conference Monday, attacking Republicans in Congress for threatening to shut down the government over the debt ceiling battle.
"We are not a deadbeat nation," Obama said during a nearly hourlong briefing from the East Room of the White House. He called it "absurd" for the federal government not to pay "bills that have already been racked up."
Obama, however, said what he will not do is "negotiate with a gun at the head of the American people."
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell quickly fired back.
"The president and his allies need to get serious about spending, and the debt-limit debate is the perfect time for it," he said in a statement.
Other topics the president addressed during the news conference was the ongoing debate over gun control and the recent uproar over a lack of women in his second term cabinet.
The gun lobby is "ginning up" fears the federal government will use the Newtown shooting tragedy, exactly one month ago, to seize Americans' guns, Obama said.
At least part of the frenzy is little more than marketing, the president inferred.
"It's certainly good for business he said," responding to a question about a spike in weapons sales and applications for background checks following the Connecticut massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School that killed 26 people, 20 of them children.
"Part of the challenge we confront is that even the slightest hint of some sensible, responsible legislation in this area fans this notion that somehow, 'here it comes, everybody's guns are going to be taken away,'" Obama said.
And his response to critics who have questioned why his second-term cabinet nominees have all been white males?
Just wait and see.
"I would just suggest that everybody kind of wait until they've seen all my appointments, who is in the White House staff and who is in my cabinet, before they rush to judgment," Obama said.
Since winning re-election in November, Obama has made four high-profile nominations for posts in his cabinet, including tapping Sen. John Kerry for secretary of state. If confirmed, he'll replace Hillary Clinton, the highest profile woman in Obama's administration.


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The single largest gift in Jefferson's history will benefit Jefferson Medical College, which has been renamed the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University. Read more
February 2015 • Grant Establishes Marcus Integrative Health at the Myrna Brind Center – Villanova
Read alumni and campus news, sign up for events, send a class note, search the directory to reunite with Jefferson classmates and much more!
Since joining Jefferson in February 2014, Elizabeth A. Dale, EdD, senior vice president, has been inspired by the talent, dedication, compassion and commitment of Jefferson staff at all levels.
Jefferson Office of Institutional Advancement 125 S. 9th Street, Suite 700 Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Braves, Phillies hope to set early tone in rivalry
When the Braves were recruiting free agent B.J. Upton over the winter, they knew they had some competition from within their own division for the athletic 28-year-old outfielder.
"He flew in from Philadelphia to meet with us, so that was my first clue. I didn't think he was visiting family members," Braves general manager Frank Wren said with a laugh early in Spring Training. "We looked at B.J. as the best option for us. I don't know if they had him that high on their list ... but we felt if he went there they would have gotten the top guy on our list."
The issue of who will ultimately get the last laugh will begin to be decided Monday at Atlanta's Turner Field when the Phillies meet the Braves on Opening Night. The Braves not only accomplished their goal with a 5-year, $75.25 million contract, but later made a deal with the D-backs to get Justin Upton.
The City of Brotherly Love vs. the Upton brothers, beginning at 7:05 p.m ET. It will be the first of 19 divisional scrums between the two teams, including the final three games back in Atlanta, that could go a long way toward deciding if either team will continuing into the postseason.
After wild cards were added to the playoffs for the first time in 1995, the Braves or Phillies won the division 16 of the first 17 years. Now, both will be hoping to unseat the Nationals. And both will be without their starting catchers when the season opens. The Braves don't expect to have Brian McCann, who is recovering from October shoulder surgery, until the middle of April. Carlos Ruiz of the Phillies was suspended the first 25 games of the season for using a banned stimulant.
"I think the fact that they're one of the big rivals in our division and the history of the last 20 years kind of speaks for itself. With our team and theirs, that's definitely a very good conversation piece. I think people are watching for those match-ups in that series," said Phillies manager Charlie Manuel.
But that's just about the extent of their common interest.
"They are going to be a team we battle all year, so to open with them and end with them, it's going to be a pretty significant series to see where we stand and set the tone for where we are in the division," said Phillies Opening Night starter Cole Hamels.
The Phillies are entering the season with the lowest expectations since 2007, which is also the last time they came into Spring Training as anything other than the defending National League East champion. Manuel understands how getting off to a good start could help his team regain its swagger.
"You see when teams come out of the gate good, that can definitely carry over," Manuel said. "That's momentum if you get off good early. Say you sweep the first series and then real quick you get eight or 10 games over .500? Oh, yeah, that can get you going."
The Braves, on the other hand, are a team that's widely viewed as capable of running down the Nationals.
"On paper, I definitely put us just as good [as the Nationals]," backup catcher Gerald Laird said. "They may have some strengths, and we have some strengths on our side. But for the most part, we are two competitively balanced teams. Some people might be picking them to win the division, but Atlanta won 94 games last year, and we've improved. I'm looking forward to it. I think it's going to be anybody's race."
Medlen pointed out that, in the end, it will all be about results.
"I'm a big believer in playing the game," he said. "I don't like talking about potential. It's like talking about prospects. Cool, you throw hard, but you don't know anything about pitching. You just don't know anything until you play the game. I don't like talking about rosters or who looks good on paper. I just like playing the game and trying to beat whoever we are playing."
Hamels takes the same approach.
"When the time comes and we have to step between the lines, we have to play the very best baseball we can for 173 games. We have to look at it that way. If we don't take that sort of approach then we're selling ourselves short. That's the attitude that we're getting. You can feel it in the clubhouse. You can see the work ethic. This is something that we want to do. We want to win 173 games, and that's what we are going to play for," he said.
And it all starts Monday night.
Phillies: Hamels to make first season-opening start
Hamels will be making his first career Opening Night start. He was 1-1 with a 2.77 ERA against Atlanta last season and said there's a sense of urgency to win as the nucleus of the team gets older.
"You don't want to see it, but you understand the game of baseball is a very small window. And you have to do very well for that period of time that you have," Hamels said. "So you have to give it everything you can while you can because it's going to be taken away really fast and you don't want to regret anything.
"I think that's kind of the idea behind what we have to do. We have to perfect everything we can. We have to play as hard as we possibly can. Because it's going to disappear fast and I don't want it to disappear. That's why I still signed [a 6-year, $144 million extension] because I firmly believe we have a great team and we can win the World Series, and the organization wants to see that and the fans want to see that, and I think that's the ingredients that you need to succeed. We have to push the limits."
Braves: Veteran Hudson gets Opening Night nod
Fredi Gonzalez decided to use 37-year-old Tim Hudson in the opener even through right-hander Kris Medlen was 9-0 with an 0.97 ERA in his last 13 starts of 2012.
"Why not give it to the veteran guy?" the manager said.
Hudson will be starting his sixth opener.
"For this club, there are a lot of expectations coming into this year, and it's nice to be able to get started with me on the mound and hopefully getting us in the right column with a W," he said.
Worth noting:
• Atlanta went 12-6 against the Phillies in 2012.
• With Chipper Jones retired, the Braves will start the season with a platoon of Juan Francisco and Chris Johnson at third base.
• The Phillies are encouraged by the way second baseman Chase Utley's knees held up during spring training and a strong Grapefruit League by onetime top prospect Domonic Brown.
Paul Hagen is a reporter for MLB.com. Mark Bowman contributed to this story. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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IMO it's too soon to write this off. As far as I know Luc is presenting this as being "a better approach all things considered" (ie it has more benefits than drawbacks), not a quick fix to an urgent problem the developers face every day.
If I were a developer up to my a$$ in KMS/GEM/TTM/DRI2 alligators I wouldn't be spending time looking at this right now either, but I sure would come back and look hard at it in a month or two when the spring distro releases had settled down.
I wasn't able to get to FOSDEM so I can't comment on how the initial presentation went but from everything else I have seen this seems to have some good ideas that may get picked up over time.
The big question, which I don't know if anyone has answered, is whether the interfaces between core code and HW drivers changes more than the interface between HW driver components. Certainly the last year has seen a lot of changes between the components in a given HW driver stack, which argues strongly for the modularization model Luc is describing - the question is whether that is likely to still be the case after the architectural transitions of the last couple of years settle down, or whether the code base is more likely to see more "change a piece of Mesa and 6 HW drivers at the same time but don't touch ddx or libdrm" architectural work, which would suggest that something closer to the current model might be more appropriate.
Either way, it seems to me that we need to find ways to make the open source driver stack more accessible to new developers, and while I know that the current "hands-on" developers understand it very well I do have to say as a relative newcomer that "it sure isn't intuitive for the new folks" and it does seem like at least some of Luc's proposal could help to lower the entry threshold and help to increase the size of the developer community.
My 2 cents, anyways.


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President Obama signs "Rosa's Law," legislation replacing "mentally retarded" and "mental retardation" with "intellectual disability" throughout federal policy
Special Olympics athletes invited to the White House to celebrate law's enactment
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Special Olympics Chairman and CEO Dr. Timothy P. Shriver will accompany 10 Special Olympics athletes and advocates to the White House at the request of President Obama to commemorate the enactment of S.2781, "Rosa's Law," this Friday, October 8. Earlier this week, the President signed S.2781 into law--replacing the terms "mental retardation" and "mentally retarded" within federal health, education and labor policy with "intellectual disability" and "individual with an intellectual disability." This is an important step in the quest to end the deprecating use of the "R-word" as a casual insult and schoolyard taunt.
Rosa's Law was championed by Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) after meeting Rosa Marcellino and her family from Edgewater, Maryland. Rosa, born with Down syndrome, inspired the senator to take up the fight after being derogatorily labeled a "retard" by her classmates in 2009.
"On behalf of all of us at Special Olympics, we'd like to congratulate Senator Mikulski for her tireless work in driving this important legislation, as well as the members of the House, Senate, and President Obama for their unanimous support in passing 'Rosa's Law,'" said Shriver. "As we celebrate this milestone, it's important to understand there is still much work to be done in the continuing battle against offensive language and in changing the attitudes of the general public toward people with intellectual disabilities."
Special Olympics championed the use of "people first language" by changing its own terminology from "mental retardation" to "people with intellectual disabilities" in 2004--after a call to action from its athletes to the movement's leadership. In 2008, Special Olympics launched www.r-word.org where the public can pledge to stop using the R-word in a derogatory manner and promote the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. Youth leaders at the 2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games in Boise, Idaho began the "Spread the Word to End the Word" campaign as a grassroots, youth-led movement in schools and communities across the United States and around the world to raise awareness of the hurtful nature of the word "retard(ed)" and to promote the positive impact people with intellectual disabilities can and do make in every community.
"Although originally clinical terms introduced with good intentions, 'mental retardation' and 'retard' are used in everyday speech to degrade people with intellectual disabilities in movies, on TV, online, in the classroom and beyond. The R-word is an outdated reference that must be recognized for its hurtful impact on this population and universally changed to positive language echoing inclusion and acceptance. While the federal government is taking steps to change how our country refers to people with intellectual disabilities, all of us are challenged on a personal level to make changes in our own backyards by examining—and ultimately changing—perceptions in our schools and communities."" said Soeren Palumbo, Co-founder of the Spread the Word to End the Word campaign.
In independent research conducted in 2009 by the University of Massachusetts through a Harris Interactive survey about attitudes among youth on the R-word, it was found that:
• 92% of young Americans (ages 8-18) report having heard the R-word used, while 36% have heard the word used specifically toward someone with an intellectual disability.
• Only 50% of those who heard it used to refer to someone with an intellectual disability told the person who used the word that it was wrong to do so.
• The study also confirmed that as young people progress from elementary school, to middle school and then on to high school, they are less likely to feel bad or sorry for the person being picked on, and more likely to laugh, do nothing, and/or not care.
Those attending Friday's White House event will include (see full bios):
Dr. Timothy Shriver, Special Olympics Chairman and CEOLoretta Claiborne, Self-Advocate and Special Olympics International Board DirectorEddie Barbanell, Self-Advocate, Actor and Special Olympics International Board DirectorSoeren Palumbo, Co-founder, "Spread the Word to End the Word" Campaign, Co-founder SO CollegeTim Shriver, Co-founder, "Spread the Word to End the Word" Campaign, Co-founder SO CollegeErica Wheeler, Self-Advocate, Special Olympics Maryland Board Director and AthleteDanielle Liebl, Self-Advocate, Special Olympics Minnesota Athlete, Youth Activation Committee MemberRoberta Blomster, Self-Advocate, Special Olympics Minnesota Athlete and Global MessengerFrank Stephens, Self-Advocate and Special Olympics Virginia AthleteDavid Egan, Self-Advocate, Special Olympics Virginia Board Director and AthleteJulie Petty, Self-Advocate from Fayetteville, Arkansas
CONTACT: Mandy Murphy, Special Olympics, 202.824.0227; email@example.com
Read Senator Mikulski's Press Release
Read Timothy Shriver's thoughts on Rosa's Law
Special Olympics transforms athletes' lives through the joy of sport. Help us make a difference.
Volunteering with Special Olympics is fun and very rewarding, for both the athlete and the volunteer!
Stay in touch! See inspiring stories, photos and videos in our Special Olympics newsletter.
Today, the Templeton Foundation gave its most prestigious award to my hero, Jean Vanier. For Linda and our children and me, he has also been our retreat leader, our teacher of humility, our guide.
Posted on 2015-03-11 by Tim
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To find a doctor, call 800-667-5356 or click below:
Find a Doctor
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En Español (Spanish Version)
Definition | Reasons for Procedure | Possible Complications | What to Expect | Call Your Doctor
Intervertebral discs are located between each vertebra in the spinal column. When damaged, these discs can put pressure on nerves as they leave the spinal cord. An intervertebral discectomy is a back surgery that removes all or part of these discs. The procedure is most often done on lumbar discs (located in the lower back). It may also be done on cervical discs in the neck. There are two methods for this surgery:
These discs normally serve as cushions between the bones. The discs can become damaged or dry with age. Injury can also cause a disc to bulge (or herniate ). These changes can create pressure on nerves leaving the spine. This can cause pain, numbness, and weakness.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
The best time to have this surgery is debatable. For some, having early surgery may not result in less pain or disability. In most cases, surgery is only done after other treatments have failed. Other treatments typically include:
The goal of surgery is to eliminate pain, weakness, and numbness caused by the disc pressing on a nerve. You may feel relief right away, or it may take months for the nerve root to heal. In some cases, your symptoms may not improve. Your doctor will carefully evaluate you before surgery to determine what the best option is.
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
Before your procedure, talk to your doctor about ways to manage factors that may increase your risk of complications such as:
Your doctor will likely do the following:
Leading up to your procedure:
General anesthesia —you will be asleep during the procedure
There are different types of surgical procedures, including:
A cut will be made in the skin on the left or right side of the neck. The doctor will go through a muscle to reach the spine. The disc material will be removed after the doctor uses an x-ray to confirm that it is the correct disc. A portion of the bone may be removed to give the nerve more space. A bone graft may be placed to fuse the vertebrae.
A cut will be made in the skin at the back of the neck. The muscles will be pushed aside. A small piece of bone will be removed to get to the disc space ( laminectomy ). Next, the doctor will gently push the nerve aside and remove the disc material.
The doctor will make a 1-1½ inch cut in the skin on the lower back. The muscles will be moved out of the way. A small part of the bone may need to be removed to gain access to the nerve and disc. The disc or disc fragments will then be removed.
It depends on the type of surgery you had or needed.
Anesthesia will prevent pain during surgery. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications.
This surgery is most commonly done in a hospital setting. It may be possible to go home on the same day of the surgery. If you have a cervical discectomy, you may have to stay in the hospital for a few days.
During your stay, the hospital staff will take steps to reduce your chance of infection such as:
There are also steps you can take to reduce your chances of infection such as:
Bending, lifting, or twisting may be limited for 6 weeks.
You will work with a physical therapist to stretch and strengthen your muscles. This will help to decrease the risk of future back problems.
It is important for you to monitor your recovery after you leave the hospital. Alert your doctor to any problems right away. If any of the following occur, call your doctor:
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.


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New York Yankees Gear
New York Yankees Mens
New York Yankees Mens T-Shirts
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Product ID: 1125079
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You're the type of New York fan who doesn't need anything flashy to show your devotion. In fact, you prefer the old-school style that the New York legends of the past would appreciate. Look no further than this Legends V-Neck T-shirt from '47 Brand. This classic shirt features an embroidered twill team logo on the front and sewn-on applique stripes on the sleeves and shoulders. This tee will give your Yankees wardrobe an excellent fashionable touch!
- 100% Cotton
- Contrast stripes on sleeves and shoulders
- Imported
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- Quality embroidery
- Rib-knit collar
- Tagless
- V-neck
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Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Description:HP Proliant DL320 G4 1U Rack ServerIntel Pentium D 820 with EM64T 2.8GHz/2MB1GB Memory - 80GB SATAHP Part# 391656-001
Overview:The HP ProLiant DL320 G4 Server delivers Enterprise level features and performance at an entry-level price. The Intel Dual Core processors and DDR2 Memory support put the finishing touches on this ultra-dense 1U solution for the savvy Enterprise and SMB customer. The performance features of the ProLiant DL320 G4 include up to 8GB of PC2-4200 DDR2 memory and new Intel Pentium D processors. The ProLiant DL320 G4 also features iLO 2 the Next generation Lights-Out management delivering server remote control for any occasion. Dual PCI Express slots provide the ultimate in I/O serial performance and investment protection while the optional PCI-X full-length riser provides customers with legacy support. In addition to dual integrated gigabit NICs the ProLiant DL320 G4 also supports SATA with RAID 0/1 standard with Hot Plug SAS and SATA as an optional upgrade. Specifications: CategoryProliant Server Sub-CategoryDL320R GenerationG4 Part Number391656-001 Products ID142022 TypeServer Form FactorRack-mountable - 1 U LocalizationNorth America Server Scalability1-way Processor1 x Intel Pentium 2.8 GHz - 64-Bit Cache Memory2 MB L2 Cache Cache Per Processor2 MB (2 x 1 MB) Storage ControllerRAID (Serial ATA - 150) ; IDE Hard Drive1 x 80 GB - Standard - Serial ATA - 150 Graphics ControllerATI ES1000 - 16 MB NetworkingNetwork adapter - PCI Expressx4 PowerAC 120/230 V (50/60 Hz) Dimensions (WxDxH)16.8 in x 24 in x 1.7 in Weight50 lbs


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Part of the Fox World Famous Fleece, the Fox Wreckage Pullover is designed to provide great comfort and warmth. With subtle branding, the Wreckage is sure to be perfect for any occasion.
- Raglan crew pullover fleece.
- Printed camo sleeves.
- Reverse cover stitch throughout.
- Embroidered Fox Head artwork on sleeve.
- Exterior woven label at side seam.
- 80% Cotton, 20% Polyester Fleece- 280gm.


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Get creative.
Get creative.
looking to purchase:big brother skateboarding magazine back issues. travis bean tb1000s electric guitars.
you sick puppy...
drink dr. pepper much?
"conversation is a game of circles and i'm getting dizzy-- bye"
"Well, that's just like, you know... your opinion, man"
"Well, that's just like, you know... your opinion, man"
I thought so too.
Pictures from the future and pictures from people who actually live in Indio are prohibited.
hahah why is this ?
oooh lordy lordy! this is most def epic!
Somewhere in a photo album at my mother's house is a picture of a golden retriever sniffing my bare several months old ass. Given her woeful lack of technological savvy, asking for a scan would be a frustrating and ultimately fruitless endeavor.
But you just know that outie is pointing your way.
Oooo...artsy and sexy.
The Selena one is good too.
at first I thought Ivy had posted a bondage photo


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Kidney Disease Statistics for the United States
On this page:
- The Growing Burden of Kidney Disease
- Definitions
- CKD Incidence
- CKD Prevalence
- ESRD Incident Rate
- ESRD Incident Rates by Race
- ESRD Prevalence and Prevalent Rate
- AKI Incidence
- CKD Co-morbidities
- ESRD Treatment Modality
- Kidney Transplantation
- ESRD Mortality
- Mortality Rates for Dialysis Patients
- General Graft Survival Rates
- Graft Survival Rates by Race
- Patient Survival Rates for Dialysis and Transplant Patients
- ESRD Costs
- Costs per Patient
- Definition
- AV Fistula Use among Men and Women
- AV Graft Use among Men and Women
- Catheter Use for Vascular Access
- Acknowledgments
The Growing Burden of Kidney Disease
Kidney disease statistics for the United States convey the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Based on these statistics, researchers can estimate the size of the ESRD population in years to come and gauge the need for resources such as dialysis and transplant clinics to treat the growing ESRD population.
Over time, kidney disease statistics show trends and movement. For example, statistics show which ethnic and age groups and geographical regions have the highest incidence of kidney disease. This demographic information helps direct targeted programs to the people who need them most. Statistics can later help measure progress in preventing and treating kidney disease. With the knowledge provided by statistics, researchers and health care providers can make great gains in the fi ght against kidney disease.
Unless otherwise noted, the following statistics are from the United States Renal Data System's 2010 Annual Data Report and 2011 Annual Data Report.
One in 10 American adults, more than 20 million, have some level of CKD. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
chronic kidney disease (CKD): any condition that causes reduced kidney function over a period of time. CKD is present when a patient's glomerular filtration rate remains below 60 milliliters per minute for more than 3 months or when a patient's urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio is over 30 milligrams (mg) of albumin for each gram (g) of creatinine (30 mg/g).
end-stage renal disease (ESRD): total and permanent kidney failure. When the kidneys fail, the body retains fl uid. Harmful wastes build up. A person with ESRD needs treatment to replace the work of the failed kidneys.
acute kidney injury (AKI): sudden, temporary, and sometimes fatal loss of kidney function
incidence: the number of new cases of a disease in a given time period
prevalence: the number of existing cases of a disease at a given point in time
CKD Incidence
- The incidence of CKD is increasing most rapidly in people ages 65 and older.
- The incidence of recognized CKD in people ages 65 and older more than doubled between 2000 and 2008.
- The incidence of recognized CKD among 20- to 64-year-olds is less than 0.5 percent.
CKD Prevalence
- The prevalence of CKD is growing most rapidly in people ages 60 and older.
- Between the 1988–1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study and the 2003–2006 NHANES study, the prevalence of CKD in people ages 60 and older jumped from 18.8 to 24.5 percent.
- During that same period, the prevalence of CKD in people between the ages of 20 and 39 stayed consistently below 0.5 percent.
ESRD Incident Rate
After rising steadily from 1980 to 2001, the incident rate of ESRD leveled off.
ESRD Incident Rates by Race
- ESRD incident rates are more than three times higher for African Americans than for Caucasians.
- After rising from 1980 to 2000, the incident rates for all races stabilized.
- African American rates rose more quickly than rates for all other races.
- In 2001, incident rates for American Indians started to decline.
ESRD Prevalence and Prevalent Rate
- At the end of 2009, more than 871,000 people were being treated for ESRD.
- Between 1980 and 2009, the prevalent rate for ESRD increased nearly 600 percent, from 290 to 1,738 cases per million.
AKI Incidence
- The number of hospitalizations that included an AKI diagnosis rose from 3,942 in 1996 to 23,052 in 2008.
- The percentage of AKI diagnoses that required dialysis declined from 13.39 in 1996 to 2.25 in 2008.
CKD Co-morbidities
- People with no CKD are more likely than people with stage 3 to 5 CKD to be alive 1 year after a heart attack.
- The 1-year mortality for heart attack patients without identified CKD is 36 percent, compared with 51 percent for patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD.
ESRD Treatment Modality
- At the end of 2009, 398,861 ESRD patients were being treated with some form of dialysis; 172,553 ESRD patients had a working transplanted kidney.
- More than 10 times as many ESRD patients receive hemodialysis (HD) treatments at a clinic as those who do peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home HD combined.
Kidney Transplantation
After rising steadily from 1980 to 2006, the annual number of kidney transplants declined in 2007 and 2008.
ESRD Mortality
- Though the total number of ESRD patient deaths has continued to rise, the death rate has declined in recent years after peaking in 2001.
- The number of deaths from ESRD rose from 10,478 in 1980 to 90,118 in 2009.
Mortality Rates for Dialysis Patients
After rising from 1980 to 2001, mortality rates for dialysis patients started to fall every year. By 2008, they had returned to early 1980s levels.
General Graft Survival Rates
The percentage of grafts transplanted in 1980 that survived to 1990 was 25.7. That percentage improved steadily in the following decades, with the survival rate from 1999 to 2009 rising to 44.9.
Graft Survival Rates by Race
While graft survival is lower in African Americans than in Caucasians, patient survival rates are about equal.
Patient Survival Rates for Dialysis and Transplant Patients
At 85.5 percent, the 5-year survival rate for transplant patients is more than twice the 35.8 percent survival rate for dialysis patients.
ESRD Costs
Treating ESRD patients cost the United States over $40 billion in public and private funds in 2009.
Costs per Patient
- ESRD annual expenditures per patient have increased slightly in recent years.
- From 2006 to 2007, transplant costs per patient decreased but increased again in 2008.
- Yearly costs for treating a patient on HD are nearly triple the costs for treating a transplant patient.
vascular access: a general term to describe where blood is removed from and returned to the body during HD. A vascular access may be an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, an AV graft, or a catheter. An AV fistula is the preferred type of vascular access because it causes fewer problems with infection and clotting. Catheters have the most problems with infection.
AV Fistula Use among Men and Women
- AV fistula use increased from 27.9 to 55.0 percent between 1998 and 2007.
- AV fistula use increased in both men and women.
- AV fistula use rates among men were twice as high as among women in the late 1990s.
- Women have begun to narrow the gap in AV fistula use.
AV Graft Use among Men and Women
- The decline in AV graft use mirrors the rise in AV fistula use.
- AV graft use among women is higher than among men.
- The gap in AV graft use among men and women narrowed gradually between 1998 and 2007.
Catheter Use for Vascular Access
Around 18 percent of dialysis patients use a catheter for their vascular access.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts.
National Kidney Disease Education Program
3 Kidney Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892
Phone: 1–866–4–KIDNEY (1–866–454–3639)
Fax: 301–402–8182
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.nkdep.nih.gov
The National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) is an initiative of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NKDEP aims to raise awareness of the seriousness of kidney disease, the importance of testing those at high risk, and the availability of treatment to prevent or slow kidney disease.
National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
NIH Publication No. 12–3895
June 2012
Page last updated November 15, 2012


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The process of buying a new Infiniti car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Infiniti car dealerships in and around Streamwood, Illinois. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Infiniti car dealers in Streamwood, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
"Smoothest, most pleasant car-buying transaction I've ever had in my life! Very soft-sell, friendly salesperson. Excellent deal on my trade-in. Calm an"... Read more Review by: Genima
"One of the best moments for me was returning home with a vehicle that was perfect for my husband, kids, and myself. I appreciate Mr. J. helping my fam"... Read more Review by: Qianab78
"Adam at Infiniti of Glencoe was great. I just go a used car from them and he has been great to work with and has made the buying experience great. I'd"... Read more Review by: brye1