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US 7519922 B2 Abstract In a control and management system for automobiles, a central processor in the system connects traditionally unrelated vehicle subsystems together to realize synergistic functions such as smart driving, automatic parking, etc. A master interface having a display is employed in the system to help a user control and manage the vehicle functions.
Claims(20) 1. A method for use in a system in a vehicle, the system including a display element the method comprising:
allowing a user to define on the display element a parking space into which the vehicle is to be parked;
determining whether parking of the vehicle into the parking space is feasible before the parking;
if it is determined that the parking is infeasible, informing the user of infeasibility of the parking; and
if it is determined that parking is feasible, controlling one or more components of the vehicle to park the vehicle into the parking space based on parameters provided by the system.
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9. A system for use in a vehicle, comprising:
a display element;
an interface for allowing a user to define on the d splay element a parking space into which the vehicle is to be parked:
a processing element configured to determine whether parking of the vehicle into the parking space is feasible before the parking;
an output device for informing the user of infeasibility of the parking if it is determined that the parking is infeasible; and
a mechanism for controlling one or more components of the vehicle to park the vehicle into the parking space based on parameters provided by the system if it is determined that the parking is feasible.
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Description The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/900,391 filed on Jul. 6, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,070, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/904,855 filed on Aug. 1, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,275,231. The present application is related to commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,355. The invention relates generally to control and management systems and, more particularly, to a system for use in an automobile which facilitates the user's control and management of various vehicle functions. The concept of an automated highway system (AHS) has been fervently pursued. Although the interpretation of the AHS concept varies from one person to another, people implementing the concept are incorporating more and more technology into an automobile to improve its operations, better its safety measures, and add conveniences to the vehicle user. A prevalent interpretation of the AHS concept is hands-free driving. To that end, magnets have been buried along an experimental automated highway, and automobiles have been equipped with magnetometers to sense the magnets to guide the moving vehicles, thereby obviating manual steering. In another approach, an automobile is equipped with a video system in which cameras monitor different segments of the road ahead and feed images to on-board computers that control steering, acceleration and braking of the vehicle. Although the above hands-free driving systems are at various stages of development and will be made available to the public in years to come, a less comprehensive system known as an �adaptive cruise control system� will soon be publicly available. This system is capable of adjusting a vehicle's speed to keep it moving with the flow of traffic. Specifically, it relies on radar or infrared sensors to measure the distance to the vehicle just ahead. If the vehicle ahead speeds up or slows down, an onboard computer adjusts the throttle or brakes to maintain a safe distance. Although the ultimate AHS is in the works, it is believed that the building blocks therefor are in place. These building blocks include the well-known �drive-by-wire� system, TRAXXAR stability control system, global positioning satellite (GPS) navigation system, etc. The drive-by-wire system refers to a throttle system responsive to electrical control signals to adjust the speed of a vehicle, and plays a major role in the aforementioned adaptive cruise control system. In the TRAXXAR system, sensors are used to measure the steering wheel position, yaw rate and lateral acceleration of the vehicle. These sensors work with an onboard computer to controllably apply brakes at selected wheels to avoid potential skids. In a well-known manner, the GPS navigation system receives signals from a constellation of satellites. In response to such signals, the navigation system pinpoints the vehicle's location (in latitude and longitude). It also detects the vehicle's speed and direction. With geographic information stored on an onboard computer, the navigation system is capable of verbally and visually communicating to the user instructions for reaching the destination. Today's automobiles are commonly equipped with an anti-lock brake system (ABS), a cruise control system, a climate control system, a compact disk (CD) player, a radio receiver, an audiovisual system, a restraint system, an air bag system, a cellular communication system, a car alarm system, and so on and so forth. The users are overwhelmed and confused with a large number of knobs, switches and buttons used to control the discrete functions of the individual systems. We have recognized that as more and more systems are being incorporated into an automobile to implement the AHS concept, the management of the systems will be more unwieldy than ever. The invention overcomes the prior art limitations by employing a master interface to manage system functions in a vehicle. In accordance with the invention, a plurality of items are exhibited on a display in the master interface. Each item represents a respective one of the systems in the vehicle. The exhibited items are arranged on the display in substantially the same relation to one another as the systems represented thereby in the vehicle. At least one of the items can be selected using an indicator device (e.g., a mouse). The system represented by the selected item can be operated to realize the functions associated therewith. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention that the master interface for controlling the system functions is simple and well organized, as opposed to using the large number of knobs, switches and buttons to control same as in the prior art. It is another object of the invention that the master interface centralizes the system functions so that the user can focus on a single interface while driving, rather than being distracted by the large number of knobs, switches and buttons used in the prior art, which are dispersed throughout the vehicle. It is yet another object of the invention that the access to the system functions through the master interface is intuitive and direct so that a user who is not familiar with the vehicle can instantly learn to manage such functions. The master interface is connected to a central processor in accordance with a system architecture wherein the central processor also connects traditionally unrelated vehicle systems together. With such an architecture, the central processor can coordinate the actions of the connected systems to realize synergistic functions such as smart driving, automatic parking, etc. Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing showing an illustrative embodiment of the invention, in which: Throughout this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, like elements, components and sections in the figures are denoted by the same numerals. The present invention is directed to a technique for effective management and control of vehicle functions in an automobile. Traditionally, an automobile incorporates a multiplicity of discrete systems such as a climate control system, an audio system, an anti-lock brake system (ABS), a cruise control system, etc. These systems are individually controlled and managed by their own user interfaces including knobs, switches, buttons, and displays. As the automobile industry is fervently pursuing the automated highway system (AHS) concept, more and more systems are being added to the automobile. As a result, the management of all these systems becomes more unwieldy than ever. As shown in Interface 111 connects the aforementioned subsystems through common bus 113, which include master control interface 117, automobile control subsystem 121, brake subsystem 125, traction control subsystem 127, suspension subsystem 129, detection subsystem 130, steering subsystem 132, operation control subsystem 136, access control subsystem 139, accessory control subsystem 143, turn signal subsystem 147, speedometer subsystem 149, safety subsystem 151, clock subsystem 154, wheel subsystem 157 and application module 161. Referring also to By way of example, display 205 is a liquid crystal display (LCD) located on a dashboard of the automobile. Display 205 includes a LCD driver (not shown) for processor 103 to control the display graphics. This driver is also responsive to signals generated by indicator devices 227 and 229 to perform certain tasks to be described. In this illustrative embodiment, both devices 227 and 229 are each a mouse device which may be wireless, and can be used to point and click at displayed options on display 205 and to scroll various menus or screens. However, it will be appreciated that devices 227 and 229 may be joysticks, light pens, trackballs, touchpad, or a combination thereof, instead. Display 205 also incorporates well-known touch-screen circuitry (not shown). With this circuitry, the user can interact with processor 103 by, say, touching a displayed option on display 205. Through interface 117, processor 103 receives from the touch screen circuitry a signal identifying the location on display 205 where it has been touched. If such a location matches the predetermined location of one of the displayed options, processor 103 determines that the option has been selected. With such touch-screen and displayed option selection capabilities, the user is able to obtain information on and control selectable functions of the automobile. Automobile control keys 211 relate to the functions provided by automobile control subsystem 121. Subsystem 121 monitors many aspects of the vehicle operation including the exhaust temperature, fuel flow, engine temperature, ignition timing, individual cylinder operations, heat exchange, etc. When ENGINE CONTROLS key 211 a is depressed, processor 103 is prompted to collect information from, among others, engine control system 319 (in For example, when OIL LEVEL option 371 is selected, the amount of oil in the engine is indicated, i.e., whether the current level of engine oil is high, medium or low. By selecting PERFORMANCE MODES option 373, the user learns whether the engine is in an aggressive mode or a fuel economy mode. The aggressive mode offers a high power output and should be used when sudden accelerations and decelerations (e.g., passing other vehicles) are anticipated. Otherwise, the fuel economy mode is recommended. When one of the two modes is indicated on line 375, the line is highlighted in a second color, indicating that another performance mode option is available for selection. In this instance, when the user points and clicks at line 375, the other performance mode option is displayed. The user may then point and click at such other option to change the performance mode. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, subscreen 377 is used to graphically depict the engine compartment of the vehicle. By way of example, displayed items 381 through 389 in subscreen 377 depict the radiator, battery, fuse box, air cleaner, brake fluid reservoir, transmission fluid reservoir, windshield washer reservoir, oil compartment and engine block in the engine compartment, respectively. It should be pointed out that the relative positions of these displayed items correspond to those of the depicted components in the actual engine compartment. Knowing the relative positions of the components under the hood of the vehicle, the user can easily identify and point and click at selected items to quickly access information concerning the corresponding components. For example, when displayed item 381 depicting the radiator is selected, options 391 and 392 relating to the radiator are highlighted, and the readings of the current coolant temperature and coolant level are shown in the respective blanks. When displayed item 388 depicting the oil compartment is selected, options 393, 371 and 394 relating to the oil compartment are highlighted, and the readings of the current oil pressure, oil level and oil temperature are shown in the respective blanks. As shown in Instructed by one of the drivetrain routines, which is denoted 400 in If the user has selected a different gear at step 403, routine 400 proceeds to step 405 where processor 103 determines whether the selected gear is opposite the automobile's moving direction. If the selected gear is a reverse (forward) gear, and the automobile is moving forward (backward), processor 103 overrules the user's selection, as indicated at step 407. Routine 400 then returns to step 403. Otherwise if the selected gear and the moving automobile direction are both forward or reverse, routine 400 proceeds to step 408 where processor 103 causes brake subsystem 125 to apply the brakes of the vehicle, and thereafter to step 409 where it causes system 325 to engage the selected gear. Routine 400 proceeds from step 409 to step 417 to be described. If at step 403 processor 103 does not detect any gear change by the user, it causes system 325 to enter an automatic transmission mode in which system 325 automatically shifts the gears in a well-known manner, as indicated at step 413. Routine 400 then proceeds to step 417 where processor 103 coordinates the operation of system 325 with that of traction control subsystem 127, which may be of the type of the TRAXXAR stability control system, to prevent skids. At step 421, processor 103 coordinates the operation of system 325 with that of suspension subsystem 129 including shock absorbers to afford a smooth, comfortable and safe ride. From step 421, routine 400 returns to step 403 described above. Another drivetrain routine causes system 325 to perform gear shifting in cooperation with other subsystems such as detection subsystem 130 and brake subsystem 125 to handle certain road conditions. Detection subsystem 130 includes radar, sonar, infrared sensors, Doppler radar, magnetometers and/or other object finder mechanisms, and is used for, among other things, monitoring the road condition ahead. For example, when an upcoming curve is detected, system 325 handles the transmission accordingly while the brakes are controllably applied by brake subsystem 125 to avoid any skid. It should be noted at this point that suspension subsystem 129 also includes a height actuator, whereby processor 103 can controllably adjust the height of the vehicle. Thus, continuing the above example, when detection system 130 detects the upcoming curve, processor 103 may also cause the vehicle height to be lowered to increase its stability. In another instance, when detection system 103 detects a raised road surface ahead, processor 103 causes the height of the vehicle to be increased to clear the elevation, thus avoiding scraping the bottom of the vehicle. Navigation system 329 in Specifically, the user depresses NAVIGATE key 211 c to request instructions for a given destination from navigation system 329. When the depression of key 211 c is detected by processor 103, the user is elicited for information concerning the destination, any intermediate stops, etc. Such elicitation is realized by posing questions on display 205 and/or by uttering those questions using a synthesized voice through an audio output. The user then provides verbal responses thereto through an audio input. Relying on standard speech recognition circuitry in system 100, navigation system 329 recognizes and registers the responses. Using stored map information, system 329 then provides on display 205 a suggested route leading to the destination. Furthermore, based on the knowledge of the vehicle's instantaneous speeds and directions, system 329 is capable of verbally and visually directing the user to the destination. Because of the limited capacity of the storage for the map information or because the map information needs to be updated from time to time, it will be appreciated that system 329 would instead obtain the necessary, latest map information from an on-line service through a cellular or wireless connection. In addition to directing the user to a given destination, system 329 through processor 103 cooperates with weather system 332 and traffic system 336 to be described. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, systems 332 and 336 jointly provide on display 205 updates regarding traffic congestions, weather conditions, hazards, highway warnings along the route suggested by system 329. Weather system 332 derives weather conditions from computer files obtained from an on-line service through a cellular or wireless connection. In an alternative embodiment, system 332 may include such well-known avionics as weather radar and lightning strike finders to detect weather conditions. By depressing WEATHER key 211 d, the user is provided on display 205 with a map centered at a reference point indicative of the vehicle location. As to be described, system 100 runs a windows based operating system. With such an operating system, the user may operate indicator device 227 or 229 to point and click at a selected point on the map, and drag same to create a window surrounding a desired location, which may or may not include the vehicle location. Processor 103 causes system 332 to retrieve the relevant computer weather files, and derives therefrom the weather information regarding the area defined by the window. By default, system 332 provides the current weather information on display 205. Otherwise if the user specifies a time, system 332 provides the user with a weather forecast if the specified time is in the future, and weather history if it is in the past. With such future, current and/or past, short and/or long range weather information, the user can effectively plan his/her trip, and avoid unfavorable weather conditions. Using the weather information from system 332, processor 103 issues on display 205 travel advisories such as requesting the user to check tire pressures after a drastic temperature change. In addition, processor 103 may cause a release of heat to warm the car battery to boost its starting power in cold weather, cause additional venting of engine heat in hot weather, and ensure closing of windows and doors in inclement weather. It will be appreciated that weather system 332 may also be capable of obtaining weather information from such systems as the United States satellite systems, Delta radar, local area radar, etc. In addition, system 332 may be capable of gathering further information including United States current surface maps, wind chill maps, jet stream maps, winter travel hazards, forecast highs/lows, tropical weather, surface wind maps, grain and farm weather maps, etc. Traffic system 336 will now be described. Similar to weather system 332, system 336 is capable of obtaining computerized traffic information from an on-line service through a cellular or wireless connection. In an alternative embodiment, system 336 may include such well-known electronics as a line-of-sight radar, forward infrared radar, and/or Doppler radar, each with terrain following capabilities, to sense surrounding traffic conditions. By depressing TRAFFIC key 211 e, the user is similarly provided on display 205 with a map centered at a reference point indicative of the vehicle location. The user may then operate indicator device 227 or 229 to point and click at a selected point on the map, and drag same to create a window surrounding a desired location, which may or may not include the vehicle location. In response, processor 103 causes traffic system 336 to obtain the relevant traffic information regarding the area defined by the window. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the traffic information may be overlaid on an existing window (e.g., a window previously created for obtaining weather information) by pressing TRAFFIC key 211 e. Referring again to In addition, traffic system 211 e is capable of storing and recalling traffic maps and sending same to third parties using a cellular or wireless connection. The aforementioned detection subsystem 130 also helps provide an adaptive cruise control capability. Specifically, subsystem 130 measures the distance to the vehicle just ahead. With electronic transmission/throttle system 325 and brake subsystem 125, processor 103 adjusts the vehicle's speed to keep it moving with the traffic flow. If the vehicle ahead speeds up or slows down, subsystem 130 signals processor 103 to accordingly adjust the throttle or brakes to maintain a safe distance. When SMART DRIVING key 211 f is depressed, processor 103 causes a menu to be displayed on display 205. This menu includes selectable items such as automatic driving and automatic parking. If automatic driving is selected, upon detecting by detection subsystem 130 an automated highway, processor 103 graphically depicts on display 205 the highway segment. Illustratively, processor 103 causes the screen of In In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the user may define comfort zone 528 surrounding subject vehicle 513, in which any of left vehicle/object 521, right vehicle/object 523, front vehicle/object 525, and rear vehicle/object 527 is not allowed. Comfort zone 528 may be realized by using indicator device 227 or 229 to point at indicators 529 a, 529 b, 529 c and 529 d individually, and dragging same away from subject vehicle 513. Alternatively, the user may select CLEARANCE options appearing in the respective boxes representing the vehicles/objects to define the comfort zone. The selection of one such option is followed by a prompt for the desired minimum-distance from the corresponding vehicle/object, if any. Processor 103 is programmed to control the steering, throttle and brakes of the vehicle in an attempt to keep any surrounding vehicles/objects outside comfort zone 528. If any such vehicle/object unavoidably comes within zone 528, processor 103 would issue on display 205 a warning of the zone violation, provided that COMFORT ZONE warning option 531 has been selected. A reference zone is defined by the vehicle manufacturer to be the minimal space surrounding the subject vehicle to avoid collisions with a good confidence, taking into account the instantaneous speed of the subject vehicle relative to the surrounding vehicles/objects. By design, comfort zone 520 cannot be made smaller than the reference zone. Selection of REFERENCE ZONE option 533 enables the user to set comfort zone 520 to be the same as the reference zone. In any event, no matter how large comfort zone 520 is, any vehicle/object coming within the reference zone automatically causes issuance of a collision alarm. In response to such an alarm, the user takes emergency measures to avoid any collision. Subsystem 130 in this instance detects not only the vehicle/object ahead as in the adaptive cruise control case, but also any other surrounding vehicles/objects. Subsystem 130 periodically communicates to processor 103 data concerning the speeds and the coordinates of any surrounding vehicles/objects, relative to the subject vehicle, to realize the above comfort zone and reference zone protections. If the user selects SHOW TRAFFIC option 535, processor 103 causes display 205 to show the current positions of any actual surrounding vehicles/objects, relative to the subject vehicle. With such visual information, the user is fully aware of his/her driving environment, thus improving the user's safety especially in night driving. As mentioned before, the user can also select automatic parking of the vehicle from the above menu invoked by depression of SMART DRIVING key 211 f. If the automatic parking option is selected, after the vehicle comes to a complete stop, automatic parking routine 500 stored in memory 107 is invoked. When instructed by this routine, which is depicted in At this point, the user may touch the screen of display 205 to define a parking space into which the vehicle is to be parked. In order to carry out parallel parking effectively, this parking space needs to be reasonably suitable for the vehicle to be maneuvered into. Processor 103 at step 547 computes the coordinates defining the selected parking space. Knowing the respective coordinates of the subject vehicle, the surrounding objects and the parking space, processor 103 at step 551 determines the instants at which and extents to which the vehicle is to be accelerated and decelerated in the course of the parking, and at step 553 the instants at which and extents to which the steering wheel is to be turned and returned. At step 555, processor 103 causes a computer simulation to be performed using the speed and steering parameters just determined to verify that the automatic parking is feasible, without running into any surrounding objects. At that point, the user may depress ANIMATION key 219 j to view on display 205 the simulation in which the subject vehicle moves into the user defined parking space in an animated fashion. At step 559 processor 103 determines whether the vehicle can be properly parked under the above conditions. If processor 103 determines that the automatic parking is unrealizable, processor 103 informs the user of same, as indicated at step 563. In response, the user needs to select another parking space or may attempt to park the vehicle manually. Otherwise if processor 103 determines that the automatic parking is realizable, processor 103 sends an audio and video message to request the user to get off the vehicle before the automatic parking is engaged, as indicated at step 567. In the preferred embodiment, the user is provided with a transmitter (e.g., transmitter 700 to be described) for remotely signaling to processor 103 to carry out the actual parking after the user leaves the vehicle. When it is so signaled, processor 103 at step 571 coordinates the actions of electronic transmission/throttle system 325, brake subsystem 125 and steering subsystem 132 to realize the automatic parking according to the devised scheme. During the automatic parking, for any reason, the user may also use the aforementioned transmitter to signal processor 103 to abort the parking. In addition, processor 103 may cause a predetermined audible signal to be emitted to alert surrounding people while the vehicle is being parked. In addition, the automatic parking may also be achievable by training the vehicle. For example, let's say the user often parks his/her vehicle in a particular garage. In that case, processor 103 may be set in a training mode in which as the user maneuvers and moves the vehicle from a predetermined location outside the garage to a designated parking space in the garage, processor 103 registers the coordinated operations by the user of the systems involved. Thus, with the training, each time when the vehicle is placed at the predetermined location and put in an automatic parking mode, processor 103 repeats the system operations, as registered, and accordingly parks the vehicle in the designated parking space. Conversely, processor 103 can be programmed to perform the inverse function to the above automatic parking, i.e., to direct the vehicle out of a parking space. When emergency key 211 g is depressed, processor 103 causes emergency options to be displayed on display 205. These options may include police-type emergencies, medical emergencies, mechanical problems, panic measures, etc. For example, upon selection of the police-type emergencies option, the user may be queried whether he/she is a victim. If the user responds affirmatively, processor 103 immediately establishes a phone or modem connection with a police authority to automatically furnish such preliminary information as the identity of the user, description of the vehicle and emergency contacts, which are pre-recorded, along with the current location of the vehicle identified by navigation system 329. If possible, the user may also add, in the communication, the nature of the emergency and current statuses of the user and any passengers. By automatically communicating at least the preliminary information to the proper authority in case of an emergency, the user can be instantly reached and helped. System 100 also includes a panic alarm, audiovisual recording facilities to audio- and video-tape potential crime scenes for later review when the user selects the panic measures option. In addition, system 100 may include broadcasting capabilities to disseminate alarm signals (e.g., a car fire alarm) via citizen's band (CB) for example. Security system 343 in For example, using system 343, the master key holder assigns to each authorized user a respective personal identification number (PIN), along with a clearance level. When a person attempts to, say, adjust an accessory, which is pre-assigned with a selected security level, processor 103 elicits from the user his/her PIN through display 205 or a similar interface. In response, the person may enter a PIN by touching the appropriate keys on a displayed keypad. Upon receiving the PIN entry, processor 103 checks with system 343 whether the PIN is valid. Verification of the PIN ensures that the person is an authorized user. If the PIN is valid, processor 103 then compares the clearance level associated with the PIN with the security level of the accessory in question only when the clearance level is higher than the security level, would the authorized user be allowed to adjust the accessory. The above security measures may also be used to arm and unarm anti-theft capabilities in the vehicle, which may be based on infrared, sonar or other similar surveillance technology. In addition, selected individual items in the vehicle are digitally encoded so that they would not be functional if someone removes and attempts to re-install them without proper codes. Moreover, in this illustrative embodiment, security system 343 includes a receiver for receiving an RF signal containing security and personal preference data. Before gaining access to the subject vehicle, a user needs to furnish at least the security data for verification. If the security data is valid, processor 103 causes system 343 to unlock the doors and unarm the anti-theft capabilities of the vehicle. To that end, each authorized user is provided with an access card (analogous to a driver's permit) in the form of a standard integrated circuit (IC) card (also known as a �Smart Card�). The aforementioned control information includes an access code indicative of the extent to which a user is allowed to control the vehicle functions and/or access its hardware and software. Depending on the access code, the user may be accorded full operating privilege, or one of the more restricted operating privileges respectively designed for family members, mechanics, police officers, etc. In addition to the aforementioned security data, personal preference data may also be stored in memory 603. The personal preference data contains information regarding the user preferred settings of the doors, locks, windows, engine, performance profiles, climate control, audio system and other vehicle functions. Upon detecting a depression of the START button, data processor 709 communicates with card processor 611 to have a copy of the above-described security data and personal preference data in memory 603 transferred to transmitter 700. Data processor 709 formats the received data pursuant to a predetermined protocol, and causes signal generator 711 to transmit the RF signal, whose waveform is modulated by the formatted data. After the receiver of system 343 receives the transmitted signal, it recovers therefrom the security data and personal preference data. Processor 103 then performs a security check based on the received security data. If it determines that the user is not an authorized user, he/she would be denied access to the vehicle. Otherwise, processor 103 causes the driver door of the vehicle to be unlocked, and accords the proper operating privilege. In addition, processor 13 stores the received personal preference data in memory 107. Based on such received data, processor 103 effects the preferred vehicle settings to personalize the vehicle functions. It will be appreciated that, instead of an IC memory, the aforementioned security and personal preference data may be stored in a magnetic medium such as a standard magnetic stripe, or in the form of a one-dimensional or two dimensional bar-code on a card. In the case where the bar-code is used, security system 343 may incorporate a conventional bar-code scanner for reading the encoded data. In addition, the stored data need not be transmitted via an RF medium. It may well be transmitted via a laser, infrared or any other medium, or through a telephone network, a private network, a cellular network, the Internet or any other network, as long as the vehicle is equipped with the appropriate data receiver. Depression of LIGHTS key 211 i in Depression of WARNINGS key 211 j prompts processor 103 to display on display 205 predetermined advisories and cautions on operating the vehicle, such as the advisory �adjusting seat while driving could result in loss of vehicle control.� Upon a start-up of system 100, periodically or when DIAGNOSTICS key 211 k is depressed, processor 103 polls each system therein for a self-test result. The system, when polled, performs an active self-test and reports the test results to diagnostic system 349. The latter analyzes the results, and communicates any exceptions to processor 103. Processor 103 causes display 205 to display a clear status for those systems having no identifiable problem, and to graphically indicate the locations of identified irregularities for the other systems, along with messages describing the irregularities. Some irregularities may cause processor 103 to restrict certain vehicle operations until a corrective action therefor is taken. The exception data received by processor 103 is stored in memory 107. Alternatively, they may be stored in a secure storage such as a �black box� which would survive an accident involving the subject vehicle. In the event of an accident, the exception data would be retrievable for determination of any mechanical cause for the accident. Key 211 l is currently unused. However, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, key 211 l can be programmed to replace any function key in system 100 and its associated function. For that matter, as a provision for the user preferences, system 100 allows the user to re-program or re-designate each function key in system 100 to realize his/her preferred key arrangement. The re-designation is effected by the user's stepping through a menu-driven program, and registered by processor 103 as one of that user's preferences. Depression of DEMO key 211 m allows the user to access a self-guided demonstration provided by demonstration system 353. When the vehicle is in a showroom before its sale, the demonstration comprises a multimedia presentation on display 205, providing sales-type information including information on each feature and aspect of the vehicle, and functions afforded by master control interface 117. After the sale of the vehicle, the demonstration may include pre-recorded video programs for showing on display 205 operating procedures to realize different vehicle functions. In particular, such video programs demonstrate step-by-step operations of interface 117 to implement such functions as smart driving, obtaining weather and traffic information, etc. Thus, with this demonstration capability, a user who is not familiar with the subject vehicle can instantly learn to manage the various vehicle functions. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, demonstration system 353 may be put in a rehearsal mode in which a prospective vehicle user can be trained and tested for his/her dexterity and familiarity with the vehicle functions. In such a rehearsal mode, traffic situations and vehicle conditions are simulated on display 205. At the same time, the prospective user is required to operate master control interface 117 to properly handle each given scenario. Only after satisfying the operating requirements, may the prospective user be granted the aforementioned access card (or �driver's permit�) according the appropriate operating privilege. Depression of RESET key 211 n allows the user to reset/restart selected systems in system 100 for reasons of malfunction or nonperformance. The reset is accomplished by reset system 357, and can also be selected by depressing MENU key 219 c or INDEX key 219 g to be described. When a system is reset, power to the system is temporarily cut off. After regaining power, the reset system runs a restarting routine, and either resumes normal operation or identifies any problems to processor 103. In the latter case, processor 103 posts necessary messages to alert the user of the reported problems. Operating keys 215 relate to the functions provided by operation control subsystem 136. With SHIFT key 215 a, each other key on interface 117 corresponds to two functions depending on whether the key is depressed together with SHIFT 215 a. Depression of ENTER key-215 b allows the user to initiate an action. If no action is required, depression of key 215 b causes generation of a warning tone. Depression of ZOOM(+) key 215 c allows the user to obtain information not presently displayed, thereby providing other related subjects such as owner's manual material, tips, warnings, cautions, etc. Depression of ZOOM AWAY(−) 215 d effects the inverse function to depression of key 215 c. That is, it allows the user to leave a related subject to continue with the original subject. Depression of SET-UP key 215 e allows the user to set parameters in system 100, which affect the functions of master control interface 117, selected aspects of the vehicle, priority of menu selections, access by other users to the hardware and software of the vehicle, etc. To facilitate setting of new parameters, after key 215 e is depressed, operation control subsystem 136 causes display 205 to show thereon information about installed features, accessories, options, original equipment, dealer installed equipment, after market installations/removals, etc. In addition, information about the vehicle's capabilities, safety features, legal requirements, equipment installers, repair facilities, maintenance records, software revisions and updates, etc., which is stored in subsystem 136, may be accessed and reviewed using the set-up function as well. In this illustrative embodiment, a windows based operating system of the type of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system is installed on system 100. Specifically, a copy of the operating system software is stored in memory 107. Utilizing such an operating system, processor 103 can be programmed to control display 205 to provide organized data presentation through one or more windows. By depressing SPLIT SCREEN key 215 f, followed by clicking and dragging indicator device 227 or 229, multiple windows can be created on display 205. Advantageously, with multiple windows, certain actions can be effectively coordinated and cross-checked. For example, a vehicle function may be monitored in a first window while it is modified via menu selection in a second window. As a result, the modification can be immediately observed in the first window. Thus, with multiple windows, various menus and vehicle functions can be simultaneously accessed and monitored. Depression of RELEASE key 215 g at a particular screen effects the �enter� function, followed by an immediate return to a predetermined screen such as the main menu or �home� screen. Thus, unlike key 215 d, depression of key 215 g does not provide an incremental return to a previous screen, but an instant return to the home screen. BRIGHTNESS key 215 h comprises a standard variable resistor such that when it is pushed one way (the other way), the intensity of display 205 is increased (decreased). Utilizing the proper intensity, the user can readily view display 205 under different ambient light conditions (e.g., night time, excess glare, bright sun, etc.). Access keys 232 relate to functions provided by access control subsystem 139 in In addition, a SMART WINDOWS function on sub-screen 840 may be selected by touching ON option 842 on the screen or pointing and clicking at same. With the SMART WINDOWS function selected, for example, subsystem 139 causes the windows to be completely closed upon a shut-off of the engine or an activation of air conditioning. When coupled with a SMART CLIMATE function to be described, the SMART WINDOWS function includes slightly opening selected windows to vent out excess heat prior to the user's arrival, thereby pre-conditioning the vehicle. In addition, when an AUTO function on sub-screen 840 is selected, the user can specify the vehicle speed at which the driver side front window is made completely open or closed. By touching on the screen, or pointing and clicking at blank 845 or blank 850, choices of speed are listed beneath the blank. For example, by selecting a zero speed for blank 845 ahead of a toll plaza, the window in question would be completely opened when the vehicle stops at a toll booth, thereby conveniently allowing the user to pay tolls. The screen of Subsystem 139 also includes door sensors to detect any obstacle in the way of closing or opening each door. Upon detection of any such obstacle, subsystem 139 immediately suspends the door movement until the obstacle is removed. In this instance, both the front doors are not fully open because of detected obstacles. This fact is indicated by lines 871 and 873 marking the extents to which the respective doors are open and closed. On the other hand, both the rear doors in this instance are fully-open as the corresponding lines 875 and 877 have moved all the way toward the center. It should be apparent by now that the above door control may also be effectuated by voice command. For that matter, the locking of the individual doors after they are closed, or activation of the child lock system may also be realized by voice command. Depression of MIRRORS key 232 c again invokes the screen of Subsystem 139 also includes mirror heaters, sensors and actuators. Based on the above personal preference data, subsystem 139 causes the mirror heaters to defrost the mirrors under certain specified temperature and weather conditions. Upon the sensors' detecting a tight parking space for example, subsystem 139 causes the actuators to fold back one or both external mirrors to avoid damages. In addition, processor 103 coordinates the action of electronic transmission/throttle system 325 with that of the mirror actuators such that when the gear is put in reverse, the actuators automatically adjust the mirrors to provide a good rear view while the vehicle is backing up. It will be appreciated that subsystem 139 may also incorporate mirror enhancement techniques for self-dimming the mirrors or adjusting their clarity, density, opacity, reflectivity, color, zooming, etc. based on specified light conditions. It should be noted at this point that as long as the screen of Depression of WIPERS key 232 d invokes the screen of Other wiper controls are also available on the screen of Depression of TRUNK STORAGE key 232 e provides controlled access to the trunk/storage of the subject vehicle. In addition, it allows the user to program climate control system 1105 to be described to controllably cool or heat the trunk/storage to properly preserve the cargo. Moreover, it enables the user to instruct processor 103 to open (close) the trunk/storage upon a shut-off (start-up) of the engine. Depression of UNDER HOOD key 232 f releases the hood of the subject vehicle. Through processor 103, various systems may communicate to the hood mechanism controlling the release of the hood. For example, when certain fluid levels are detected low or components under the hood need repair or replacement, upon the user's agreeing to take a certain remedial action, processor 103 causes the hood mechanism to release the hood in anticipation of such an action. In addition, each time when the engine is started and the vehicle is ready to move, processor 103 checks with the hood mechanism to ensure that the hood has not be accidentally released. Depression of USER'S VIEW key 292 g invokes the screen of Specifically, when one of items 953 depicting a vent is selected, processor 103 causes the screen of Accessory keys 219 relate to the functions provided by accessory control subsystem 143. Depression of SEATS key 219 a invokes the screen of The default configurations of the seats are defined by the personal preference data initially provided by the user. Thus, upon a start-up of system 100, processor 103 effects the default configurations. However, by pointing at indicators 1013 and 1015 and dragging same using indicator device 217 or 219 (or using the touch-screen capability), the user may accordingly adjust the height of the cushion and the incline of the back support of the seat, respectively. Nevertheless, for safety reasons not all configurations of the driver seat are allowed. The arm rest, if any, can be similarly adjusted. The lumbar support and massage capabilities and seat temperature can be selected as well. All of the above seat adjustments may be saved in memory 107. As shown in Depression of CLIMATE key 219 b also invokes the screen of The individual vent settings are stored in memory 107. Thus upon a start-up of the vehicle, processor 103 receives and analyzes signals from various thermo-sensors in the vehicle. Based on such an analysis, processor 103 adjusts the temperatures and air movement of each vent according to the preferred settings. Depression of MENU key 219 c provides various menus on display 205 for selection. Such menus enable the user to access other features and capabilities of the vehicle which are not accessible by depressing any other keys on interface 117. This stems from the physical limit as to the number of keys used, without overwhelming the user. Thus, any items which are not shown may be accessed by a selection of an appropriate menu and/or further selections within the menu using the hot spot touch-screen capability, ENTER key 215 b, or indicator device 227 or 229. In addition, user preference selections may be presented by icon selection bars, hot keys, or function keys, or may be realized using a set-up screen. Moreover, where further information related to a displayed option or item would be helpful, an icon or similar graphical means identified as tips, warnings, etc. for accessing such information is provided. Depression of QUICK TIPS key 219 d enables the user to obtain answers to frequently asked questions (FAQs) and multimedia (i.e., audio, text and video) information regarding different features (e.g., safety features) of the vehicle, and various systems and subsystems embodied therein. A similar QUICK TIPS arrangement is described in copending, commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/789,934 (�the '934 application�), entitled �Multimedia Information and Control System for Automobiles,� which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. In this illustrative embodiment, the QUICK TIPS text is written in well-known hypertext markup language (HTML), and provides hyperlinks to owner's manual information, pictures, videos, captions, tips and warnings relating to the subject being reviewed. In addition, VOICE key 219 e to be described may be selected to have the text read to the user, along with its display. Moreover, the QUICK TIPS feature may be indicated on display screens in the form of a selectable icon or option. By selecting such an option, the user is provided with further information on the items appearing on the screen. It should be noted at this point that the audio medium is an important medium for presenting information to the user especially when he/she is driving and needs to keep his/her eyes on the road. As such, VOICE key 219 e is provided to afford an option for voice presentation of instructions, displayed options, and description of various systems and features of the vehicle. It should also be noted that it is advantageous to have a sound library stored in memory 107, from which the user is able to select favorable tones and sound clips to enhance the user's comprehension while he/she is driving. For example, when a displayed option is touched by the user on screen 205, a pre-selected tone is generated through the audio output, indicating that the option has been selected. Relying on the audio tone confirmation, as opposed to a visual confirmation, the user while driving can continually watch the road. Depression of VISUAL key 219 f provides different system views, and visual information including warnings, cautions, hazards, advisories, etc. It also provides a selection of display systems such as head-up display, projection, three-dimensional display, holographic and virtual reality systems which may be provided in the vehicle in combination with or in lieu of display system 205. When coupled with SHIFT key 215 a, depression of visual key 219 f however activates video system 1107, which enables the user to play on display 205 selected videos from a video library (e.g., a compact disk (CD) jukebox) connected to system 100, to receive TV programs, to record and playback of pictures and video clips from such sources as video and digital cameras, and to run video files on weather and traffic downloaded from an external information source such as the Internet. In this illustrative embodiment, the user is provided with an alternative way of looking up information about the vehicle, which is arranged by topics in alphabetical order. Depression of INDEX key 219 g enables the user to enter a keyword relating to the subject of inquiry. Such a keyword may be entered by pointing and clicking at the appropriate letter keys on a displayed keyboard. After matching the keyword entry with one of the available topics, processor 103 causes the information concerning the topic to be presented in audio, video and/or text. A similar INDEX arrangement is also described in the '934 application. Depression of LIGHTS key 219 h enables the user to program the intensity of individual interior lights depending on the ambient light condition, and the usage thereof such as the duration of the respective on-times. The preferred light settings are stored in memory 107. Depression of AUDIO SYSTEM key 219 i invokes the screen of As shown in Portion 1207 shows a listing of radio stations for selection. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the frequencies of the selected stations are stored based on geographic locations such as Los Angeles, Santa Ana and Irvine. As is well known, the geographic coverage of each station is limited. As a user travels beyond the coverage, the broadcast from that station becomes too weak to receive. As such, processor 103 continually causes a frequency scanner to update the listed stations which are within the receiving range. The user may save a subset of the listed stations as his/her favorite stations according to the current vehicle location. Advantageously, by saving certain favorite stations according to the locations which the user visits often, when the user travels from one such location to another, he/she can instantly change the listing to contain the corresponding favorite stations. As a result, the otherwise, cumbersome programming of the stations back and forth between the locations is obviated. In the preferred embodiment, the favorite radio station frequencies are actually stored according to the GPS coordinates of the locations shown on portion 1207. Navigation system 329 periodically communicates the GPS coordinates of the current vehicle location to processor 103. The latter compares the communicated GPS coordinates with those of the locations in question. As soon as processor 103 determines that one such location is close to the current vehicle location within a predetermined range, processor 103 causes the listing of favorite stations associated with the new location to come on for selection. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, for the user's convenience, the radio stations are categorized, and listed according to selected music types such as �country�, �rock� and �classic�, and selected program contents such as �talk/news�. To that end, in each radio broadcast, the station transmits auxiliary data concerning its identity, e.g., an icon, signage and/or call number representing the station, and the type of program it airs, e.g., the type of music. In FM stereo broadcast for instance, the auxiliary data may be transmitted using subcarriers within a subsidiary communications authorization (SCA) band which lies above the 53 kHz portion of the station bandwidth allocated to the transmission of conventional stereo audio signals. A variety of prior art techniques may be used to modulate these subcarriers to transmit the auxiliary data. In addition, in accordance with the technique disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,408,686 issued Apr. 18, 1995 to Mankovitz, the stereo audio portion of the station broadcast band, rather than the SCA band, may also be used for transmission of such auxiliary data. The auxiliary data transmitted by each station is received by radio receiver 1111 in the form of a digital message signal. By decoding such a message signal, receiver 1111 recovers the aforementioned information concerning the station identity and the program type. Processor 103 screens the stations for the program types pre-selected by the user. The desired stations are then shown on display 205 according to the pre-selected program types. Illustratively, the stations are represented by the respective icons or signage, and frequencies. The user may point and click at (or touch on the screen) one of the icons representing the station which he/she wants to listen. In this instance, the user has selected and is listening to one of the stations denoted 1271, whose icon is highlighted in a first color. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the previously selected stations, such as stations 1273, 1275 and 1277 are highlighted in a second color. Advantageously, with the color highlighting, the user can readily back-track the previously selected stations and settle on one of them, or explore new, unheard stations. It should be noted that from the screen of It should also be noted that the above selection of the displayed stations may be accomplished by voice command or depressing preset buttons. In addition, with the proper authorization, more than one user can save his/her preferred listing of stations, along with special notes about each station. In that case, when one wants to change the current listing of stations, he/she needs to enter a PIN before his/her preferred listing can be invoked. Moreover, the authorized user may also be privy to other users' preferred listings, and allowed to choose therefrom. Depression of ANIMATION key 219 j enables the user to view on display 205 animations relating to selected vehicle functions (e.g., automatic parking) which are being or to be performed. These animations are instructional, and help the user implement the functions in question and/or understand the effects thereof. Like key 211 l previously described, key 219 k is reserved for future use in this instance. Depression of ONLINE key 2191 enables the user to access on-line systems through such communication links as telephone, wireless, cellular, satellite, radio spectrum, infrared and sonar connections. For example, while the vehicle is being operated, the user may choose to access the vehicle manufacturer's computer to run extensive diagnostic tests on the vehicle on-line. To that end, processor 103 establishes a communication link with the manufacturer computer. After an initial handshake between processor 103 and the manufacturer computer, the latter runs diagnostic routines on the vehicle systems through processor 103, and elicits from processor 103 information such as relevant operational parameters. Test results are generated by the manufacturer computer and transmitted to processor 103 for display. In addition, the manufacturer computer can correct or adjust any operational parameter values during the tests to improve the vehicle's performance. Similarly, any software upgrade or downloading for the vehicle systems can be realized through the on-line connection. Notices of recalls can also be transmitted to processor 103 for the user's information. Depression of PHONE/MODEM key 219 m allows the user to obtain mobile phone, facsimile modem and data modem connections through cellular and wireless networks. Depression of PLANNERS/CALENDAR key 219 n invokes reminder routines for informing the user of past and upcoming events. For example, certain maintenance reminders may be communicated by the aforementioned manufacturer computer to processor 103 through an on-line connection. Instructed by one of the reminder routines, processor 1.03 accesses systems such as navigation system 329 to identify the closest mechanic when the scheduled maintenance is due. Referring back to Speedometer subsystem 149 includes an accelerometer for evaluating the instantaneous speed of the vehicle. The speed information is communicated by subsystem 149 to processor 103 for use in navigation, automatic driving, automatic parking, etc. The speed information may also be stored with time and GPS information, and recorded in memory 107 or the aforementioned �black box�. The memory content may be remotely accessed by a police authority, via a dial-up connection, to determine any speed violation, along with the associated time, and geographic location based on the GPS information. Safety subsystem 151 includes restraint devices and air-bags. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, subsystem 151 keeps track of the air-bag deployment and expiration dates. Advance air-bag expiration and recharge notifications are transmitted to processor 103. Also transmitted to processor 103 are data collected by subsystem 151 concerning usage of safety devices, tire and brake wear, etc., and data on intervals of maintenance performed on and long term durability of those components. All such safety information received by processor 103 can be accessed and displayed at the user's request. In addition, tips and support for the user's safety in response to certain vehicle malfunctions, failures or eminent dangers are issued by safety subsystem 151 via display 205. Through processor 103, subsystem 151 cooperates with other systems in system 100 in certain events. For examples in an accident, as soon as subsystem 151 informs processor 103 of a deployment of an air-bag, processor 103 signals engine control system 319 to halt the engine activity, brake subsystem 125 to apply emergency braking, and suspension subsystem 129 to stabilize the vehicle. Processor 103 may further request from navigation system 329 GPS coordinates identifying the accident scene, and cause the audiovisual recording facilities in the vehicle to audio- and video-tape the accident scene, and emergency data to be transmitted to the authority to obtain help as described before. Clock subsystem 154 provides time and date information. Relying on such information, processor 103 duly synchronizes system activities and keeps track of events. For example, utilizing the temporal information, processor 103 issues the above-described reminders and notifications in a timely manner. Similarly, the above-described planner functions such as scheduling maintenance are made possible with such information Suspension subsystem 129 provides, as mentioned before, wheel and stability control during the vehicle operation. In addition, subsystem 129 includes sensors for evaluating the current road condition, and adjusts the ride and comfort using yaw controls and dampeners in response to the evaluated condition. It also provides processor 103 with continuous updates about the road condition. Utilizing such updates, processor 103 coordinates the actions of other systems such as steering and brake subsystems to handle the road in a manner prescribed by the user. Wheel subsystem 157 includes sensors for reading tire pressures, detection of loss of tire traction or tread, etc. Relevant information is communicated by subsystem 157 to processor 103 to issue necessary alarms including abnormally low tire pressures. Processor 103 also incorporates the received information in a concerted effort to achieve ride stability and smoothness. Application module 161 which may be located close to master control interface 117 includes a standard interface such as an RS232 serial interface. Through this interface, the user or service personnel may use a conventional computer to update system programs and personal preference data stored in memory 107, or run diagnostic routines thereon to identify any system problems. In an alternative embodiment, the standard interface in module 161, similar to interface 703, accepts IC card 600 previously described. In addition to the aforementioned security data and personal preference data, space is allocated in card memory 603 for storing system programs, diagnostic routines and header information. Such header information includes instructions for processing of certain contents of memory 603. Utilizing a conventional IC card writer connected to a standard computer which may be remote from the vehicle, the user or authorized service personnel can revise the security data and personal preference data in memory 603, and load new programs, program upgrades and/or diagnostic routines onto the IC card. It should be noted that any change in the card memory content requires an initial entry of the aforementioned master key, or other authorized keys allowing limited access. The IC card may be inserted into the standard interface of application module 161 when system 100 is powered down. On power up, after system 100 is initialized, processor 103 checks the security data in memory 603. Upon verification of the security data, processor 103 reads the header information in memory 603, and accordingly causes a transfer of any new system programs from memory 603 to memory 107 and any upgrade to the existing programs. In addition, in the presence of any diagnostic routines in memory 603, processor 103 runs the routines directly off the IC card. Processor 103 then reads the personal preference data in memory 603 to effect the preferred settings of the vehicle functions. The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous other systems which embody the principles of the invention and are thus within its spirit and scope. For example, in the disclosed embodiment, control and management system 100 is illustratively used in an automobile. It will be appreciated that a person skilled in the art may also employ the inventive system in another type of vehicle such as a boat, an airplane, etc. Finally, although control and management system 100, as disclosed, is embodied in the form of various discrete functional blocks, the system could equally well be embodied in an arrangement in which the functions of any one or more of those blocks or indeed, all of the functions thereof, are realized, for example, by one or more appropriately programmed processors or devices. Patent Citations
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Enoc Perez
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Enoc Perez
By Bonnie Clearwater
55 pgs/2007/Paperback
This exhibition featured over 35 canvases from 2000 to 2007 in the artist's first major museum exhibition. Perez uses a complex painting process to create evocative portraits, tropical still lifes, and renderings of modernist architectural icons.
Weight | 0.569lbs |


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Joey�and�Better Off Ted alum Andrea Anders is moving into a cushy new gig on Modern Family, Entertainment Weekly reports.
Anders will recur this season as Kim, the matriarch of the horrible family that moves next door to the Dunphys. Steve Zahn will play Ronnie, Kim's husband.
Who earns what: TV's highest-paid stars
In addition to co-starring on the Friends spin-off and the beloved but short-lived workplace comedy, Anders is known for her roles on Mr. Sunshine and The Class, which also starred Family's Jesse Tyler Ferguson.
Modern Family's new season premieres Wednesday, Sept. 24 at 9/8c on ABC.
Watch Jennie Garth and Tori Spelling rank their Beverly Hills, 90210 boyfriends in chronological order:
View original Joey and Better Off Ted's Andrea Anders Joins Modern Family at TVGuide.com
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Top Definition
n., v. method of smoking marijuana in which one "takes a hit," then exhales into a balloon. After several seconds, the person inhales the smoke from the balloon, and then exhales. This hit is used mainly for getting one blazed out of his fucking mind.
"Man, them D-Force mothafuckas get high as hell! Must be because they double doggie that shit!... no homo."
Tweak and Silents tarafından
5 Ocak 2006, Perşembe


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It's not as if anyone in his or her right mind would want to make the Everest Challenge any tougher than it already is.
Yet nobody has ever accused Alan Jacoby, of Mammoth, as being in his right mind.
"Goal setting and achievement is like a drug," said Jacoby, a volunteer at Disabled Sports Eastern Sierra and an entrant in this weekend's Everest Challenge.
Jacoby, however, said he is going to attempt the ride on a singlespeed mountain bike.
"Helping others erase barriers only makes you want to go out and test your own limits," he said.
Yeah but …
The Everest Challenge bills itself as "the undisputed, hardest two-day USA Cycling Race & Ride."
Cyclists (climbers, obviously) gather outside of Bishop on Saturday morning and over the next two days climb a total of 29,065 feet — the height of Mt. Everest.
The course is 208 miles long.
"Nobody has ever completed this race on a mountain bike, much less a singlespeed," Jacoby said. "The race director confirmed this with me.
Good thing Jacoby is a seasoned mountain biker.
"I'm a Mammoth local who races mountain bikes in endurance events year round," he said. "I did the High Sierra Fall Century Ride two weeks ago on my singlespeed, and the Everest Challenge has been in my bucket list to conquer for a while now."
But a singlespeed at the Challenge seems to be a little over the top, so to speak.
Not so at all, said Jacoby.
Reading what he had to say about it in an email recently, Jacoby defended himself well against lunacy.
"Why a mountain bike? It's what I ride. I'm comfy on fat tires. And not comfy in mandex.
"I have mad respect for roadies, in the same way Nascar racers respect Formula One, and I do train on a road bike, but it's just not my personal preference.
"Why a singlespeed? Derailleurs suck — they are noisy and take too much maintenance. Singlespeeds are simple and clean — no shifting. No drivetrain. Choose a gear, and live with it. It's kind of Zen, I guess."
Jacoby said he is well aware that will be plenty of stares, if not outright derision.
"The race director of the EC said to me, 'Real road racers don't even acknowledge singlespeeds,'" Jacoby said.
"I'm hoping to change that this weekend."
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The media didn't sit on any story. Chid was hired, a reporter went looking for a quote on Chud, and got one from this guy. He mentioned that Chud helped improve his work ethic. What's wrong with that? Everyone isn't out to get Cam. Chill. It's just a quote about Chud being respectable and helpful in Cam's development.
Questioning a players work ethic and commitment based on some unknown source is no big deal?


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Daily OCD: 8/27/10 | |
Written by Mike Baehr | Filed under RIP MD, reviews, Mome, Mickey Mouse, Jason, Floyd Gottfredson, Don Flowers, Disney, Daily OCD, Coming Attractions | 27 Aug 2010 2:39 PM |
Online Commentary & Diversions:
• Review: "Rip M.D. is like the marriage of Cartoon Network and horror comics (perhaps an EC title or something from Warren Publications), because it is nonsensical and kooky like an old Scooby-Doo cartoon, but also steeped in monsters, both of the supernatural and human variety, like a pre-code horror comic book. The best thing about Rip M.D. is the lead character, Ripley Plimpt. [...] This is the perfect set-up: a curious, brave kid and a world of monsters. Hopefully, there is more to come, but our first appointment with Rip M.D. is pure fun." – Leroy Douresseaux, Comic Book Bin
• Review: "Fantagraphics' ongoing quarterly anthology continues here in this third edition ... One of the things I like about Mome is that artists can do almost anything, and sometimes do. ... [I]f you are fond of anthologies and like to be on the edge of indie comics while still being given the comfort of a larger publisher who can exert quality control, then pick up a copy of Mome. I'd recommend this one, if you can find it." – Rob McMonigal, Panel Patter
• Review: "A Schulz library favorite and avid patron, Evan Dorkin, recently donated Alex Chun and Jacob Covey's retrospective book of The Glamor Girls of Don Flowers... This thick beauty of a book features work spanning several decades (1940s-1960s) and Flowers's dual pen and brush captured all the fashion that lied therein. Flowers gained popularity in newspapers for his gorgeous women, their cutting edge fashion and high-class life. Part of the appeal of this strip lies in the fact that just as many jokes are made by women at the expense of men, Flowers made sure of that." – Jen Vaughn, the Schulz Library blog
• Plug: Funnybook Babylon's Jamaal Thomas gives a "Brief Recommendation" to Jason's The Left Bank Gang: "F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce as cartoonists that pull a heist. Go read this now."
• Coming Attractions: Luca Boschi of Italian newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore reports on our forthcoming editions of Floyd Gottfredson's Mickey Mouse


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Warm honey-brown rattan is handwoven into a sturdy open shape with rounded corners and cutout bin handles finished with wrap detail. One of two nesting sizes.


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Home > Find a Location > UHS Chenango Memorial Hospital
The 55,000 people who live in Chenango County enjoy the advantage of an outstanding community hospital in their midst. UHS Chenango Memorial Hospital was founded in 1912 and modernized in 1990 with a $7.5 million renovation plan. A 58-bed facility located in the City of Norwich, the hospital has more than 500 employees, making it the largest employer in the city and the fifth largest in the county.
The Norwich hospital includes inpatient and outpatient surgical care units, a women's health center and a maternity and obstetrics unit. UHS Chenango Memorial Hospital staffs an intensive care unit, general surgery, cardiology, diagnostic heart care center, orthopedics, diagnostic imaging and laboratory departments as well as a physician-staffed emergency department. Other specialties include Ear, Nose & Throat (Otolaryngology) and GI (gastro-intestinal/gastroenterology). The hospital's second floor is dedicated and specially designed as a residential health care/long-term care facility.
UHS Chenango Memorial's primary care network is the county's central source for preventative and routine medical care. With primary care centers in Sidney, Sherburne, Oxford and Norwich, patients in rural areas have nearby access to quality primary care. All primary care centers offer same-day appointments and are always accepting new patients.
The hospital also provides services at a large dental center in Norwich, an outpatient diagnostic imaging center and a freestanding physical therapy center.
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Accredited by the Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, our 80-bed Residential Health Care Facility is located on the second floor of UHS Chenango Memorial Hospital.
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Bridge Club | |
Event Type: Adult Programs Age Group(s): Adults Date: 10/22/2014 Start Time: 2:00 PM End Time: 4:00 PM Description: Are you a bridge player looking for a game? If you already have a group, bring them to play. All skill levels welcome. Lessons will be provided by a national championship bridge player on the second Wednesday only.
Library: Mid-County Branch
Adults. Location: Large Auditorium (MC) Contact: na Contact Number: na Presenter: Library Staff |


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Bacteriophages shuttle genes between diverse ecosystems.
Many of the body's tissues can tell time, and these peripheral clocks can be influenced by environmental cues, such as the timing of food consumption.
Although fully organized patient-run trials are still few and far between, patients are taking a more active role in clinical research.
Present in every tissue of the body, ubiquitin appears to be involved in a dizzying array of functions, from cell cycle and division to organelle and ribosome biogenesis, as well as the response to viral infection. The protein plays at least two role
Despite its discovery as a protein that seems to show up everywhere, at least in eukaryotic cells, researchers are only beginning to scratch the surface of all of the cellular functions involving ubiquitin.
Gene therapies typically involve the introduction of genetic material into target cells to replace or supplement an existing, usually dysfunctional, gene.
A rare peek inside the subterranean home of the naked mole-rat
Sangamo Biosciences is putting a different spin on gene therapy.
Telomeres are repetitive, noncoding sequences that cap the ends of linear chromosomes. They consist of hexameric nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG in humans) repeated hundreds to thousands of times.
A transition-state mimic has the power to bind an enzyme at its tipping point as strongly as any available inhibitor and more strongly than most, preventing enzymatic activity.


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Introduction | Sony 70-400mm lens performance | Sony 70-400mm versus competition | Conclusion |
Announced only in February this year alongside the Sony made Zeiss branded 50mm f/1.4 ZA SSM, the 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM II lens is an upgrade to the original silver finish model introduced in 2009. This new lens is said to boast up to 4x increase in AF operation and an improved optical performance (not to mention a new white exterior). Read on to see how well it performs in our labs.
Although this lens doesn't bear the high-end Zeiss logo, this is a G-series lens indicating that the 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM II is a premium quality model for professional and advanced amateur use, much like Canon's L-series. While it's a full frame lens with a tempting range of focal lengths, it is more likely to appeal to users of the firm's APS-C SLT cameras where it's the equivalent of a 105-600mm. As a result, this is a very promising lens for wildlife photographers.
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
The comparison between the Nikon AF-S Nikkor 80-400mm f/4.5-5.6G ED VR and the Sony 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM II is also rather interesting. Despite the Sony being tested on lower resolution bodies (the 14MP A380 vs the 18MP D7000 for APS-C, and the 24MP A900 vs the 36MP D800 for full frame), which in principle should place it at a disadvantage in these system tests, it measures up very well indeed…. Read the article |
Added by THKPIC |
July 28, 2013
Sadly true.
I've been waiting on this lens. I currently shot on the long end with a minolta 500 f8 reflex. It can be fantastic in broad daylight, but that's a crippling factor most of the time. I'm not surprised to hear about the optics being a mild improvement over the former. In fact, they've talked up the SSM motor upgrade more than anything. If it was a major leap in optical quality you'd be hearing about it from Sony. The biggest problem with the current 400mm is the weird Bokeh at 400mm and drop in sharpness. Here's the skinny:
No AF with a teleconverter- anyone looking to nail birds all day long with this will definitely be using a 1.4 along with the lens. Makes that SSM worthless at that point. 70-200 IMO is worthless on a lens at this price point. Your just not using that length all that often. I want this for ease of use. But, I think I'm still going to eye up a minolta 300 2.8. And thats the problem, I only care about the 300-400 range on this. It needs to be compared to the minolta 300 2.8 or the 200 2.8 which has already been proven to be sharper with a 1.4 tele than the 70-400 at 400mm. Reply |
Added by FeltonPhoto |
June 25, 2013
Testing on outdated bodies
I can't believe you would test a brand new lens that has not even hit store shelves yet on old discontinued cameras! I've owned many of those camera models on my way up to my current A77 and there is no comparison in image quality. I can't imagine many people in the market for this lens would still be using it on any of these old cameras. The test results would not only be more accurate but I am sure the lens would have better results on the new cameras. I am going to check your Nikon 80-400mm lens tests and see if you tested it on old discontinued cameras too. In the interest of fair comparisons I hope you did.
Reply | Read all replies for this comment |
Added by Emilie_DxOMark |
July 08, 2013
Re: Testing on outdated bodies
Thanks for your interest in DxOMark. We published 700D, 100D and A99 lens recommendation last month, and other camera will follow. There is a lot of work behind it and there are also a lot of requests. The A77 is one of the highest priority for us but it should not be available before this fall. Best regards, The DxOMark team Reply |
Added by hoodlum |
May 31, 2013
Error in Sony 70-400mm results
There seems to be an error in the sharpness results for the Sony 70-400mm with the A580 body. It shows sharpness at only half of what the A380 body has, even though the A580 has more MP. Someone should look into these results.
Reply | Read all replies for this comment |
Added by Emilie_DxOMark |
July 17, 2013
Re: Error in Sony 70-400mm results
Thanks for your comment. Sony A580 results are surprising but we checked them on 3 different models, to be sure. We suspect a strong Anti Alias filter. Best regards, The DxOMark team Reply |
Added by BillyChiu |
May 11, 2013
Is this really the Sony 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM II?
Since no one has this version 2 in stock. Is your test on the original version?
Thanks. Reply | Read all replies for this comment |
Added by Emilie_DxOMark |
May 15, 2013
Re: Is this really the Sony 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM II?
Thank you for your comment. For this test we used a commercial product version 2 directly supplied by Sony. Best regards, The DxOMark team Reply |
Added by cloudnein |
May 08, 2013
Is it updated optics?
I have not heard elsewhere that the optics were updated, I'm curious to know the source. If so, comparing to the silver edition is critical (and, as GeminiRx mentions, on an A77 and A99 would be appreciated.) I love my silver 70-400 so much, and have been mildly considering an upgrade. If the (already stellar) optics are improved, I'm sold!
Reply |
Added by GeminiRx |
May 07, 2013
Testing on a outdated body
It would be nice if the testing of A mount lenses could be done on the A99 instead of the A900. The A900 has been around since 2008.
Reply | Read all replies for this comment |
Added by Emilie_DxOMark |
May 14, 2013
Re: Testing on a outdated body
Thanks for your comment. A99 is one of our priority, we have to perform a lot of tests but results should be available before summer :) Best regards, The DxOMark team Reply |


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CHACO Women's Winsome Hiking Shoes, Chocolate Chip
Item: 33938296 Product Description >
Price: $120.00
CHACO Women's Winsome Hiking Shoes, Chocolate Chip
Durable go-to shoes for outdoor adventure, the Winsome features Chaco's Luvseat PU footbed and cushioned EVA midsole for long-term support and comfort. Aggressive traction is assured with the deeply lugged EcoTread outsole.
This product will be shipped directly from Chaco and will leave their warehouse in 2-3 business days. Eligible for UPS ground shipping only.Features/Benefits:
- Lightweight, cushioned EVA midsole with ESS shank for support and stability
- Removable, mesh-lined, women-specific Luvseat polyurethane footbed provides long-lasting comfort and support with a contour that matches the natural shape of your foot
- Nonmarking Active Adventure outsole with EcoTread rubber and 25% recycled content for aggressive traction
- 5 mm lug depth with all-purpose tread design and versatile trail-ready grip
- Premium water-resistant nubuck and water-resistant suede upper with Z-inspired leather cross straps provides support and durability
- Tongue gusset to keep out debris
- Polyester mesh lining
- Rubber toe cap and heel for protection and durability
- Antiqued metal hardware; polyester jacquard webbing pull tab
- Luvseat footbed properly aligns and comfortably supports your entire body and is accepted by the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA)
- The most important aspect of Chaco fit: The footbed contour should fit your arch comfortably
Country of Origin: Imported
CHACO Women's Winsome Hiking Shoes, Chocolate Chip
Outsole EcoTread rubber Shank ESS Upper Nubuck, suede Midsole EVA Waterproof No Avg. Weight (pair) 1 lb. 6.2 oz. (632 g)


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Please be aware that displayed prices are exclusive of all tax which may be payable in relation to your order. To keep things simple, we'll calculate local taxes and charges at checkout so there are no surprises when your parcel arrives. The currency selector is to be used as a guide only and in all cases you will still be charged in USD.
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Will be calculated at checkout
Hi-top sneakers by VANS. Lace-up front and platform sole. Decorative seams on toe sections and along sides. Padded sections at the back.
Circumference 28 cm. Shaft 9 cm. Sole 4 cm.
Made of textile. Inside of textile. Rubber outsole.
VANS shoes, clothes and accessories are designed to be comfortable, durable and stylish, these are precisely the qualities that are demanded by our customers. VANS sponsor some of the most talented and colorful personalities in sport who support and help us to develop our products. As a result, the connection we have to our consumers is strengthened by the credibility of o...ur athletes and the genuineness of our brand. Find VANS here at Nelly.com. Read more
Standard delivery 5-10 working days. Cost: $10 USD.
Express delivery 2-6 working days. Cost: $15 USD.
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It's the best Ardbeg I have had in recent memory....including the Uigeadail. I'm a sucker for peat with sherry finishes....and the Day not only has both....but it has them in BALANCE. My palate never stood a chance.
You get an initial burst of peat and salt, very Ardbegian to say the least. And a hint of sweetness kicks in mid-palate followed by seaweed and ash. On exit and moving towards the finish is where the big, red ripe fruit kicks in. The sherry makes an appearance and complements the dram beautifully.
I got to taste this while recording the latest WhiskyCast Virtual Tasting with Mark Gillespie. Upon finishing the tasting.....I immediately secured a couple of bottles.
If you like Ardbeg, and you like sherry finishes......this one is a can't miss slam dunk. Don't miss out.


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Christina Aguilera Videos by Tag
- Christina Aguilera The Voice Videos ( 16 videos )
- Christina Aguilera American Music Awards Videos ( 2 videos )
- Christina Aguilera Music Videos ( 5 videos )
Christina Aguilera Biography
Christina Aguilera: The dirrrty one always has a place in our hearts. She's a great, great singer. The beauty married Jordan Bratman a...
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- Born
- Birthplace
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Full Name
- Christina MarÃÂa Aguilera
Christina Aguilera Quotes
It's kind of hilarious! I've never fit into an E-cup before. I look at my husband and go, 'Guess what size this bra is?' And when I tell him, he's just amazed. We keep the tags that prove it, to look back for memory's sake!
Christina Aguilera [on her breastfeeding bust size]
- Permalink: It's kind of hilarious! I've never fit into an E-cup before. I ...
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Oh, my God, candy! I had a huge craving for candy toward the end of the pregnancy, from Starbursts to Skittles. I actually took a picture of myself with my big belly in a little lingerie top, surrounded by bowls of the candy I like
Christina Aguilera [on pregnancy cravings]
- Permalink: Oh, my God, candy! I had a huge craving for candy toward the en...
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Chrysler Group LLC | Dodge | Chrysler | Jeep® |
| Alfa Romeo® | Mopar
© 2013 Chrysler Group LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, SRT, Mopar and the Pentastar logo are registered trademarks of Chrysler Group LLC.
Fiat and Alfa Romeo are registered trademarks of Fiat Group Marketing & Corporate Communication S.p.A, used under license by Chrysler Group LLC
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In high school, what kind of person did you dare to be: risk-taking and lustful, melancholy and confused or simply safe and over-achieving? "Dare" follows three very different teenagers through the last semester of high school. There are Alexa, the overachieving good girl who longs to break out of her shell; Ben, the melancholy outsider confused about his sexuality; and Johnny, the rich kid who has everything, including good looks, but hides behind his bad boy persona. This unlikely trio fall into each other's lives and each other's arms, making a last ditch effort to shake things up before they actually have to start living as adults.
Cast: Emmy Rossum, Ana Gasteyer, Zach Gilford, Rooney Mara, Ashley Springer
Produced by:
Directed by: Adam Salky
Written by: David Brind
Running time:
1hr 30min
Opens: Nov 13, 2009 NY/LA
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