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Heping Zhang PhD
Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Public Health (Biostatistics) and Professor in the Child Study Center and of Statistics
Departments & Organizations
Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS): Computational Biology and BioinformaticsWomen & Child Health
High Performance Computation
School of Public Health: Biostatistics | Global Health Concentration | C2S2
Child Study Center: NIMH Research Training Program in Childhood-onset Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Stress & Addiction Clinical Research Program
Research Interests
Biostatistics; Genomics; Epidemiology; Psychiatry; Pregnancy; Infertility; Substance Use; Bioinformatics more...
- Ph.D., Stanford University, 1991
Selected Publications
- Zhang, H.P. and Zhu, H.T. Generalized Score Test of Homogeneity for Mixed Effects Models. Annals of Statistics 34: 1545-1569, 2006
- Zhang, H.P., Wang, X., and Ye, Y. Detection of Genes for Ordinal Traits in Nuclear Families and a Unified Approach for Association Studies. Genetics 172: 693-699, 2006.
- Zhang, H.P., Feng, R., and Leckman, J. Linkage Analysis of Ordinal Traits for Pedigree Data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 16739-16744, 2004


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Alzheimer's Disease
(Alzheimer's Dementia)
Areas of the Brain Affected by Alzheimer's Disease |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
- Plaques—Abnormal deposits of a substance called beta amyloid in different areas of the brain.
- Neurofibrillary tangles—Twisted fibers (called tau fibers) within the nerve cells.
Risk Factors
- Previous serious, traumatic brain injury
- Lower educational achievement
- Obesity in middle-age
- Down's syndrome
- Down's syndrome in a first-degree relative
- Women under age 35 who give birth to a child with Down's syndrome
- Smoking
- Family history of Alzheimer's disease
- Presence of a certain type of protein (APOE-e4)
- Depression
- Elevated levels of homocysteine
- Heart disease
- Poor nutrition and vitamin deficiency in childhood
- Excess metal in the blood, especially zinc, copper, aluminum, and iron
- Certain viral infections
- Diabetes
- High cholesterol
- Early—Loss of memory, reasoning, understanding, or learning, but does not interfere with independence
- Intermediate—Increased mental loss, personality changes, and increased dependence on others for basic needs
- Severe—Loss of personality and bodily functions with total dependence on others for care
Increasing trouble remembering things, such as:
- How to get to familiar locations
- What the names of family and friends are
- Where common objects are usually kept
- How to do simple math
- How to do usual tasks, such as cooking, dressing, and bathing
- Having difficulty concentrating on tasks
- Having difficulty completing sentences due to lost or forgotten words—may progress to complete inability to speak
- Forgetting the date, time of day, or season
- Getting lost in familiar surroundings
- Having mood swings
- Being withdrawn, losing interest in usual activities
- Having personality changes
- Walking in a slow, shuffling way
- Having poor coordination
- Losing purposeful movement
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Lumbar puncture
Medications for Symptoms and Disease Progression
- Cholinesterase inhibitors—Recommended for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
- N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist—For moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease
Lifestyle Management
- Creating an environment in which you can receive the care you need
- Keeping your quality of life as high as possible
- Keeping yourself safe
- Helping yourself learn to deal with the frustration of your uncontrollable behavior
- Providing a calm, quiet, predictable environment
- Providing appropriate eyewear and hearing aids, and easy-to-read clocks and calendars
- Playing quiet music
- Doing light, appropriate exercise to reduce agitation and relieve depression
- Encouraging family and close friends to visit frequently
Psychiatric Medication
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Confusion, paranoia, and hallucinations
Caregiver Support
- Eat a healthy diet that includes fish.
- Drink alcohol, but in moderation. This means no more than two drinks per day for a man, and one drink per day for a woman.
- Exercise regularly .
- Engage in mentally stimulating activities.
Alzheimer's Association http://www.alz.org
Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers
Alzheimer Society Canada http://www.alzheimer.ca
Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca
Albanese E, Dangour AD, et al. Dietary fish and meat intake and dementia in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(2):392-400.
Alzheimer disease. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated March 31, 2014. Accessed August 18, 2014.
Alzheimer's disease medications fact sheet. National Institute on Aging website. Available at: http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-medications-fact-sheet. Accessed August 18, 2014.
Anstey KJ, Mack HA, et al. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17(7):542-555.
Carillo MC, Blackwell A, et al. Early risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers dementia. 2009;5(2):182-196.
Deweerdt S. Prevention: activity is the best medicine. Nature. 2011;475:S16-S17.
Gidoni R, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: the present and the future. Neurodegen Dis. 2011;8:413-420.
Green RC, Cupples LA, et al. Risk of dementia among white and African-American relatives of patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2002;287:329-336.
Hampel H, Frank R, et al. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: academic, industry and regulatory perspectives. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010;9:560-574.
Hayden KM, Welsh-Bohmer KA. Epidemiology of cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease: contributions of the Cache County Utah study of memory, health, and aging. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2011 Aug 2.
Neugroschl J, Sano M. An update on treatment and prevention strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009;9:368-376.
Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet. 2002;359(9303):281-286.
1/8/2010 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Snitz BE, O'Meara ES, et al. Ginkgo biloba for preventing cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009;302:2663-2670.
5/4/2012 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Buchman AS, Boyle PA, et al. Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 2012;78(17):1323-1329.
9/3/2014 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed: Wippold FJ, Cornelius RS, et al. American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria for dementia and movement disorders. Available at: http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/AppCriteria/Diagnostic/DementiaAndMovementDisorders.pdf. Updated 2014. Accessed September 3, 2014.

subset: commoncrawl


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Having fun, developing skills and building self-esteem, all while participating in year-round sports training and competition is the life of a Special Olympics athlete. Whatever their age or skill level, with 30 sports to choose from, Special Olympics has something for every person with an intellectual disability.
United In Sport. Special Olympics Athlete Miran Brejc of Slovenia played with celebrities and star footballers in the Unity Cup in South Africa, an event that highlighted Special Olympics' drive to foster acceptance and understanding of people with intellectual disabilities. Learn more about the Unity Cup
Special Olympics athletes are the heart of our movement. Special Olympics practices and competitions happen 365 days a year in more almost 180 countries. With the opportunities to excel and have fun come the associated benefits of improved health and self-image. (Sound good to you? Find out more about becoming a Special Olympics athlete.)
Abdel-Rahman Hassan is one example of a Special Olympics athlete who was transformed by his experience. A swimmer with an intellectual disability from Saudi Arabia, he also is partially paralyzed – but at the 2007 Summer World Games in China, Abdel-Rahman won gold medals in 25- and 50-meter races. His talent did not come naturally or easily; his father says it took him a month to hold his breath underwater for three seconds, and a year to swim a distance of one meter. Today, he is a champion.
Different Is Good. This video captures the feeling of being a Special Olympics athlete.
Florence Nabayinda of Uganda, Ephraim Mohlokane of South Africa, and Rita Lawlor of Ireland are also Special Olympics athletes. They come from different countries and faced different challenges in life. The one thing they all had in common before Special Olympics was that they were underestimated in their communities because of their intellectual disabilities.
Today, they run, play football, compete in gymnastics and coach other Special Olympics athletes. They work and play alongside people without intellectual disabilities. They speak out to journalists, schools and civic groups about the remarkable changes Special Olympics helped bring about in their lives. They are valued leaders within the Special Olympics movement and valued members of their own communities outside of it. Their lives are fuller and more enriched thanks to Special Olympics.
Some Special Olympics athletes have physical challenges like Abdel-Rahman. Others, like Billy Quick from North Carolina, USA, compete alongside the world's best athletes and run marathons. Though ability level varies, everyone is welcome, and all grow, building athletic skills and character traits that help both on and off the field of competition. Confidence, self-esteem, teamwork are just some of the benefits of involvement in sports. For many athletes, Special Olympics is a path to empowerment, competence, acceptance, joy and friendship.
Special Olympics transforms athletes' lives through the joy of sport. Help us make a difference.
Volunteering with Special Olympics is fun and very rewarding, for both the athlete and the volunteer!
Stay in touch! See inspiring stories, photos and videos in our Special Olympics newsletter.
"I was once very shy and not willing to talk with others. Special Olympics changed my life and my love of sports and helped me achieve all this unimaginable success."
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Can you guess who this is?
a raw + uncut approach to tennis
I'd recognize those piercing eyes anywhere.
Yesterday you tried to kill us with too much hotness, and today with cuteness. If you want us to go away, just say so.
Dear Rafa. If you marry me, I promise you I will give you a baby as cute as you in this picture. Deal? I'll buy the fertility drugs, you call the magistrate.
Eyebrow action is unmistakable (if you by any chance fail to recognize those chocolate eyes and that shapely bum).
Baby Rafito grew up to become Baby Bull.
it also looks like roddick, so don't get too happy yet y'all.
ReplyDeleteOf course that's Rafa. This photo was published in his Spanish-language biography "The History of a Phenomenon", among many other baby pics of the sweet Mallorcan baller.
ReplyDeletedon't you want to just pinch his all over and than bite that cute butt of his..so cute


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Sky Sports.com
Predict six scores to win the £250,000 jackpot!
Watch every practice, qualifying and race live only on Sky Sports F1
Watch the biggest matches and events live.
Sky Sports News takes you through all of the day's racing news, plus Alex Hammond's tip of the day.
All the latest football transfer news.
All the day's best sports news, reaction and debate.
Follow the latest from the written press with the best gossip and speculation from the papers.


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Are you having trouble with our online store or was there a problem with your order? Check out our FAQ link for the answers to many common questions and issues. If you need further assistance, please click here to contact customer service or call us at 1-877-860-3999. Our customer service team is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Cookies made and shipped from Pittsburgh, PA.
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Make Mom's Day Sweet With Our Mother's Day Cookies!
Once a year you get the sanctioned opportunity to acknowledge just how much your mother means to you — to give her credit for tending to every scraped knee, broken heart, bad haircut, bad grade and questionable fashion decision — which there were a lot of, and we won't even mention how she covered for you at the Iron Maiden concert! So this year, why not go all out? Treat mom like the Queen Mother and send her one of our Mother's Day gift baskets filled with our spectacular Mother's Day Cookies in a colorful array of delightful combinations to communicate your sweetest, most sincere sentiments. Never underestimate the communicative power of a cookie.
Whether your Mom is a Mother Theresa, mother hen or Mother Earth (we don't get too many Mother Gooses — or Geese), she'll be touched and tickled when you have our Mothers Day cookies delivered. All you need do is select from our colorful line of Mother's Day gift baskets blooming with tasty surprises, including our famous "Luv U Mom" and "#1 Mom" cookies in hearts and flowers — everything moms love in one sweet package. Best of all, you can place your order knowing that our Mother's Day cookies are made to mother's exacting standards — freshly baked, hand-iced and delivered straight to Mom's door. We guarantee that they taste so fresh and sweet, they'll even please the ficklest mother's tongue.
So this Mother's Day, don't let your mom feel like Old Mother Hubbard, with nothing but some tea and a cracker in her cupboard! Celebrate all she has given day after day, year after year, smile after smile, tear after tear, by having a fabulous Mother's Day gift delivered. Just one simple click and you can let Mom know that despite your half-baked ideas, you're fully aware that she's one smart cookie!


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Outside the box: Sylvan Sports GO multi-mode trailer/camper
Use the right tool for the job. So goes the old adage, but in our multi-purpose, multi-tasking modern world, if you can find one tool that can do two or more jobs, and do them well, so much the better. Mobile adventure gear designer and manufacturer Sylvan Sport has applied this principle to the world of trailers with the "GO Mobile Adventure Gear", a multi-mode system that readily morphs from a low profile trailer to a heavy recreational hauler to a comfortable camper, catering for the adrenaline-fueled adventurer through to the family in need of a light weight trailer for weekend getaways. Add to this the fuel saving attributes of a trailer that weighs just 700lbs and the ability to be pulled behind almost any vehicle and you have a versatile product with the potential to carve out a new niche in the RV market.
« Back to Outside the box: Sylvan Sports GO multi-mode trailer/camper
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Shaila Van Sickle Publishing
Shaila Van Sickle Publishing
As a voracious mystery reader, I abhor reviewers who insist on rehashing every plot point, because where�s the fun in that?
The whole point of a great mystery is the journey, getting to know the characters, trying to figure out the clues and following the ins and outs of plotting by a (hopefully) clever author.
Fort Lewis College Professor Emeritus Shaila Van Sickle spent more than a decade writing what I hope will be the first of a series, Seven Characters in Search of an Author, many of those years in collaboration with the late Doreen Mehs. The title, a take on the 1921 Luigi Pirandello play �Six Characters in Search of an Author,� is meant as a gentle homage by the former English and linguistics professor.
I don�t want to spoil the plot too much, but the setup is this: Someone at the fictional Southwestern College, which is set in northern New Mexico, has written a mystery and submitted it to a contest, potentially winning a $50,000 grant for the school and a publishing contract for the author.
Unfortunately, the author used a nom de plume, and the college can�t receive the grant until a committee identifies the writer. Oh, and did I mention what appears to be a veiled threat toward the president in the book�s plot that has all involved at least a little concerned?
Unlike the recent novel taking on the Animas-La Plata Project by former Sen. Gary Hart, where local characters are so thinly veiled, it becomes somewhat farcical, Van Sickle�s characters seem a bit more of a blend of personalities although definitely familiar as academics I have known at FLC.
Van Sickle sees all her characters through a caring lens, but she doesn�t hesitate to take a poke or two at those professors who want to skip the process and proceed right to tenure.
Perhaps the only character who is recognizable as an actual person is Southwestern College President Walt Asher, affectionately modeled on former FLC President Joel Jones.
Jones seems to have taken it in good fun by writing a blurb for the cover, and he will introduce Van Sickle tonight at her book signing at Maria�s Bookshop.
A number of Van Sickle�s former colleagues at the college have told me that she got the characters and the dialogue just right, nailing the committee meetings, the pressures on professors and the overall environment. It certainly feels real to the reader.
It took me about 10 pages to get into Seven Characters, but from there on, the book was a thoroughly enjoyable read. With the culture of the Four Corners as part of the plot, and Durango and Southwest Colorado making frequent appearances, it�s perfect for those who want a little something local in their reading and those who just enjoy a good conundrum.
Van Sickle didn�t feel the need to add gore, include gratuitous sex or have an ever-expanding body count; she just built the plot with real, regular, believable people trying to figure out a puzzle.
How refreshing!


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Preschool Holidays & Seasons Activities
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Wave Energy Converter through Piezoelectric Polymers
A. S. Zurkinden1, F. Campanile1, and L. Martinelli21Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
2Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
This note addresses the concept of wave energy conversion by means of a piezoelectric material. The ocean surface waves represent an important source of energy.
A multiphysics simulation is used to focus on different aspects, namely the free surface wave, the fluid-structure interaction, the mechanical energy input to the piezoelectric material and the electric power output, using an equivalent open circuit model.
The authors designed several feasible devices which are all similar, as long as they are forced by the wave action at a characteristic wave frequency. For the sake of simplicity, a basic system is analyzed here.
The generic tool that is set up is useful for the design of a piezoelectric polymer wave energy converter. The amount of energy generated by the piezoelectric materials appears very small. Nevertheless, some applications of interest will be presented.


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Listen to Roseanna
Home > Self Improvement > Stop Swearing > Basic Foundations of Mental Golf
Great mental training for golf at your fingertips. Every golfer would like to play great golf and to reduce their handicap.
Dont be confused by the name. These two hypnosis recordings arent just for those of you who have "basic" skills in golf; they are designed for golfers of high and low handicaps alike. The mental skills contained on these hypnosis mp3s can be compared to the a,b,c and d of English and every other skill builds from these foundations, just like words and phrases are built from the letters of the alphabet.
Every good golfer knows that great golf is 90% in your mind - thats how important golf psychology is.
Putt like a pro, with success and confidence. Lower your handicap quickly and easily as your putts keep dropping...
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Hit your longest, straightest Tee shots ever as you harness the amazing power of your mind.
If you are new to hypnosis and would like to try before you buy, please grab yourself a free hypnosis download ... and please tell your friends about it too!
My husband has always had a...
" having had the opportunity to have a listen to each of the programs I had to let you know how impressed I am. No wonder...


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emacs / INSTALL
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Copyright (c) 1992, 94, 96, 97, 2000, 01, 02 Free software Foundation, Inc.
See the end of the file for copying permissions.
The simplest way to build Emacs is to use the `configure' shell script
which attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent
variables and features and find the directories where various system
headers and libraries are kept. It then creates a `Makefile' in each
subdirectory and a `config.h' file containing system-dependent
definitions. Running the `make' utility then builds the package for
your system.
Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which
are supported by it. If this simplified procedure fails, or if you
are using a platform such as MS-Windows, where `configure' script
doesn't work, you might need to use various non-default options, and
maybe perform some of the steps manually. The more detailed
description in the rest of the sections of this guide will help you do
that, so please refer to them if the simple procedure does not work.
1. Make sure your system has at least 120 MB of free disk space.
2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the
`configure' script:
2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source
directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure'
from there:
where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory. This
may not work unless you use GNU make.
3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details
about the system configuration. Read those details carefully
looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating
system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing
libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc.
If you find anything wrong, you will have to pass to `configure'
explicit machine configuration name, and one or more options
which tell it where to find various headers and libraries; refer
to DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION section below.
If `configure' didn't find some image support libraries, such as
Xpm, jpeg, etc., and you want to use them refer to the subsection
"Image support libraries", below.
If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to
you, assume that `configure' did its job and proceed.
4. If you need to run the `configure' script more than once (e.g.,
with some non-default options), always clean the source
directories before running `configure' again:
make distclean
5. Invoke the `make' program:
6. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs'
in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure
it works:
src/emacs -q
7. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its
opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary
files into their installation directories:
make install
You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space,
you may remove the program binaries and object files from the
directory where you built Emacs:
make clean
You can also save some space by compressing (with `gzip') Info files
and installed Lisp source (.el) files which have corresponding .elc
* intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz
The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings
that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a
non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have
a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If
you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters
don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the
intlfonts distribution might look better.
The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print
package for printing international characters. The file
lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing
each character set.
The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions,
in the intlfonts/README file.
* Image support libraries
Emacs needs optional libraries to be able to display images (with the
exception of PBM and XBM images whose support is built-in).
On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may
already be present or available as additional packages. Note that if
there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation
time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the
corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will
contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can
download and build libraries from sources. None of them are vital for
running Emacs; however, note that Emacs will not be able to use
colored icons in the toolbar if XPM support is not compiled in.
Here's the list of these optional libraries, and the URLs where they
can be found:
. libXaw3d for fancy 3D-style
scroll bars: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets/Xaw3d/
. libxpm for XPM: ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/
Get version 3.4k or later, which lets Emacs
use its own color allocation functions.
. libpng for PNG: ftp://www.libpng.org/pub/png/
. libz (for PNG): http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/
. libjpeg for JPEG: ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/
Get version 6b -- 6a is reported to fail in
. libtiff for TIFF: http://www.libtiff.org/
. libungif for GIF:
Ensure you get version 4.1.0b1 or higher of libungif -- a bug in
4.1.0 can crash Emacs.
Emacs will configure itself to build with these libraries if the
`configure' script finds them on your system, unless you supply the
appropriate --without-LIB option. In some cases, older versions of
these libraries won't work because some routines are missing, and
configure should avoid such old versions. If that happens, use the
--without-LIB options to `configure'. See below for more details.
* Extra fonts
At first, Emacs does not include fonts and does not install them. You
must do this yourself.
To take proper advantage of Emacs 21's mule-unicode charsets, you need
a suitable font. For `Unicode' (ISO 10646) fonts for X, see
<URL:http://dvdeug.dhis.org/unifont.html> (packaged in Debian),
<URL:http://openlab.ring.gr.jp/efont/> (packaged in Debian). (In
recent Debian versions, there is an extensive `misc-fixed' iso10646-1
in the default X installation.) Perhaps also see
<URL:http://czyborra.com/charsets/> has basic fonts for Emacs's
ISO-8859 charsets.
XFree86 release 4 (from <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/> and mirrors)
contains font support for most, if not all, of the charsets that Emacs
currently supports, including iso10646-1 encoded fonts for use with
the mule-unicode charsets. The font files should also be usable with
older X releases. Note that XFree 4 contains many iso10646-1 fonts
with minimal character repertoires, which can cause problems -- see
BDF fonts etl-unicode.tar.gz used by ps-print and ps-mule to print
Unicode characters are available from <URL:ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/fonts/>
and <URL:ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/X.Org/contrib/fonts/>.
* GNU/Linux development packages
Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by
default; they just include the files that you need to run Emacs, but
not those you need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with
X11 support, you may need to install the special `X11 development'
package. For example, in April 2003, the package names to install
were `XFree86-devel' and `Xaw3d-devel' on RedHat. On Debian, the
packages necessary to build the installed version should be
sufficient; they can be installed using `apt-get build-dep emacs21' in
Debian 3 and above.
(This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For MS-DOS and Windows 3.X,
see below; search for MSDOG. For Windows 9X, Windows ME, Windows NT,
and Windows 2000, see the file nt/INSTALL. For the Mac, see the file
1) Make sure your system has enough swapping space allocated to handle
a program whose pure code is 1.5 MB and whose data area is at
least 2.8 MB and can reach 100 MB or more. If the swapping space is
insufficient, you will get an error in the command `temacs -batch -l
loadup dump', found in `./src/Makefile.in', or possibly when
running the final dumped Emacs.
Building Emacs requires about 140 MB of disk space (including the
Emacs sources) Once installed, Emacs occupies about 77 MB in the file
system where it is installed; this includes the executable files, Lisp
libraries, miscellaneous data files, and on-line documentation. If
the building and installation take place in different directories,
then the installation procedure momentarily requires 140+77 MB.
2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
give to the `configure' program. That file offers hints for
getting around some possible installation problems. The file lists
many different configurations, but only the part for your machine and
operating system is relevant. (The list is arranged in alphabetical
order by the vendor name.)
3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory
or in a separate directory.
3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that
directory and run the program `configure' as follows:
./configure [CONFIGURATION-NAME] [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
The CONFIGURATION-NAME argument should be a configuration name given
in `./etc/MACHINES', with the system version number added at the end.
You should try first omitting CONFIGURATION-NAME. This way,
`configure' will try to guess your system type. If it cannot guess,
or if something goes wrong in building or installing Emacs this way,
try again specifying the proper CONFIGURATION-NAME explicitly.
If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this
option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your
system has X, and arrange to use it if present.
The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build
process where the compiler should look for the include files and
object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure'
is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X
Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also
accept a list of directories, separated with colons.
To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you
configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where
TOOLKIT is `athena', `motif' or `gtk' (`yes' and `lucid' are synonyms for
`athena'). On some systems, it does not work to use a toolkit with
shared libraries. A free implementation of Motif, called LessTif, is
available ftom <http://www.lesstif.org>. Compiling with LessTif or
Motif causes a standard File Selection Dialog to pop up when you type
"C-x C-f" and similar commands. You can get fancy 3D-style scroll
bars, even without LessTif/Motif, if you have the Xaw3d library
installed (see "Image support libraries" above for Xaw3d
If `--with-x-toolkit=gtk' is specified, you can tell configure where
to search for GTK by specifying `--with-pkg-config-prog=PATH' where
PATH is the pathname to pkg-config. Note that GTK version 2.0 or
newer is required for Emacs.
The `--with-gcc' option specifies that the build process should
compile Emacs using GCC. If you don't want to use GCC, specify
`--with-gcc=no'. If you omit this option, `configure' will search
for GCC in your path, and use it if present.
The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from
a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than
POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add
`--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3
is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by
individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual.
For image support you may have to download, build, and install the
appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and
PBM, see the list of URLs in "ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES" above.
(Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.)
To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason,
even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one
or more of these options:
--without-xpm for XPM image support
--without-jpeg for JPEG image support
--without-tiff for TIFF image support
--without-gif for GIF image support
--without-png for PNG image support
Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable LessTif/Motif or Xaw3d
scroll bars.
Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods. In
this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM.
Use --disable-largefile omits support for files larger than 2GB on
systems which support that.
Use --without-sound to disable sound support.
The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process
should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'.
- Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin
(unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise).
- The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION
(where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `19.27').
- The architecture-dependent files go in
(where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like mips-dec-ultrix4.2),
unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise.
The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate
portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific
files, like executables and utility programs. If specified,
- Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and
- The architecture-dependent files go in
EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs.
For example, the command
./configure mips-dec-ultrix --with-x11
configures Emacs to build for a DECstation running Ultrix, with
support for the X11 window system.
`configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation
itself. It just creates the files that influence those things:
`./Makefile', `lib-src/Makefile', `oldXMenu/Makefile',
`lwlib/Makefile', `src/Makefile', and `./src/config.h'. For details
on exactly what it does, see the section called `CONFIGURATION BY
HAND', below.
When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and
creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the
same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after
disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure'
also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests
to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler
output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give
`configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the
tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to
disable caching, for debugging `configure'.
If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure'
is not right, or if it claims some of the fatures or libraries are not
available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for
the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check
whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails
because the compiler cannot find some function in the system
libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers.
Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special
directories for some header files, or link against optional
libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force
`configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by
setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, and CC before
running `configure'. CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to the
preprocessor, CFLAGS are compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used
when linking, LIBS are libraries to link against, and CC is the
command which invokes the compiler.
Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like
shell such as Bash, which uses these variables:
CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \
CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar' ./configure
(this is all one long line). This tells `configure' to instruct the
preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header
files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker
to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization
switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo.a and libbar.a
libraries in addition to the standard ones.
The work of `configure' can be done by editing various files in the
distribution, but using `configure' is easier. See the section called
"CONFIGURATION BY HAND" below if you want to do the configuration
3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory
and run the program `configure' as follows:
SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is
where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the
Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
To build in a separate directory, you must use a version of `make'
that supports the `VPATH' variable, such as GNU `make'.
3c) Some people try to build in a separate directory by filling
it full of symlinks to the files in the real source directory.
If you do that, `make all' does work, but `make install' fails:
it copies the symbolic links rather than the actual files.
As far as is known, there is no particular reason to use
a directory full of links rather than use the standard GNU
facilities to build in a separate directory (see 3b above).
4) Look at `./lisp/paths.el'; if some of those values are not right
for your system, set up the file `./lisp/site-init.el' with Emacs
Lisp code to override them; it is not a good idea to edit paths.el
itself. YOU MUST USE THE LISP FUNCTION `setq' TO ASSIGN VALUES,
rather than `defvar', as used by `./lisp/paths.el'. For example,
(setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews")
is how you would override the default value of the variable
news-inews-program (which is "/usr/local/inews").
Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the
variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the
variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are
doing, you'll make a mistake.
5) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs
Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use
site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their
documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see
src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all
else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which
was build with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'.
If you set load-path to a different value in site-init.el or
site-load.el, Emacs will use *precisely* that value when it starts up
again. If you do this, you are on your own!
Note that, on some systems, the code you place in site-init.el must
not use expand-file-name or any other function which may look
something up in the system's password and user information database.
See `./etc/PROBLEMS' for more details on which systems this affects.
The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not
need to create them if you have nothing to put in them.
6) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may
wish to add to various termcap entries. The files `./etc/termcap.ucb'
and `./etc/termcap.dat' may already contain appropriately-modified
7) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish
building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is
named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without
copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling
directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info.
Or you can "install" the executable and the other Emacs into their
installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files
are installed in the following directories:
`/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run -
`emacs', `etags', `ctags', `b2m', `emacsclient',
and `rcs-checkin'.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library;
`VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version
you are installing, like `18.59' or `19.27'. Since the
Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
another, including the version number in the path
allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed
at the same time; in particular, you don't have to
make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
file, the `yow' database, and other
architecture-independent files Emacs might need while
running. VERSION is as specified for `.../lisp'.
`/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to
run themselves.
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are
installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument
you gave to the `configure' program to identify the
architecture and operating system of your machine,
like `mips-dec-ultrix' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since
these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
operating system, and architecture in use, including
the configuration name in the path allows you to have
several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and
operating systems installed at the same time; this is
useful for sites at which different kinds of machines
share the file system Emacs is installed on.
`/usr/local/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs, known as
"info files". Many other GNU programs are documented
using info files as well, so this directory stands
apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories.
`/usr/local/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
in `/usr/local/bin'.
Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp
files in these directories.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
files installed for Emacs version VERSION only.
`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
files installed for all Emacs versions.
When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files
in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in
`/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in
If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to
install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search
for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of
the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more
information on this.
8) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually
/usr/local/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the Emacs
info files.
9) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files,
then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid
to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe.
10) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from
the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files
that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different
configuration), type `make distclean'. If you don't need some, or all
of the input methods from the Leim package, you can remove the
unneeded files in the leim subdirectories of your site's lisp
directory (usually /usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/).
You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data
files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make'
command line. For example, if you type
make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin
the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs
executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not
Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set.
`bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can
run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin.
`datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent
read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it
defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following
subdirectories under `datadir':
- `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and
- `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
file, and the `yow' database.
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
like `18.59' or `19.0'. Since these files vary from one version
of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path
allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the
same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs
unavailable while installing a new version.
`libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that
Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'.
We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir':
- `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable
programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run
`VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the argument you gave to the
`configure' program to identify the architecture and operating
system of your machine, like `mips-dec-ultrix' or
`sparc-sun-sunos'. Since these files are specific to the version
of Emacs, operating system, and architecture in use, including
the configuration name in the path allows you to have several
versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating systems
installed at the same time; this is useful for sites at which
different kinds of machines share the file system Emacs is
installed on.
`infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with
Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/info'.
`mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its
utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to
`manext' gives the extension the man pages should be installed with.
It should contain a period, followed by the appropriate
digit. It defaults to `.1'. For example given the default
values for `mandir' and `manext', the Emacs man page would be
installed as `/usr/local/man/man1/emacs.1'.
`prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead,
its value is used to determine the defaults for all the
architecture-independent path variables - `datadir',
`sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is
`/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it
by default.
For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software
under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'.
By including
in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process
to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate
directories under that path.
`exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead
determines the default values for the architecture-dependent
path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'.
The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all
GNU software; this variable is specific to Emacs.
`archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable
files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while
running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which
see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME'
(where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above).
Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time
you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build
emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you
must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the
settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top
directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases
`Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'.
The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/paths.h,
a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path,
you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file
before you run `make'.
The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the
Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them
when running make in the subdirectories.
Instead of running the `configure' program, you have to perform the
following steps.
1) Copy `./src/config.in' to `./src/config.h'.
2) Consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what configuration name you should
use for your system. Look at the code of the `configure' script to
see which operating system and architecture description files from
`src/s' and `src/m' should be used for that configuration name. Edit
`src/config.h', and change the two `#include' directives to include
the appropriate system and architecture description files.
2) Edit `./src/config.h' to set the right options for your system. If
you need to override any of the definitions in the s/*.h and m/*.h
files for your system and machine, do so by editing config.h, not by
changing the s/*.h and m/*.h files. Occasionally you may need to
redefine parameters used in `./lib-src/movemail.c'.
3) Create src/Makefile and lib-src/Makefile from the corresponding
`Makefile.in' files. First copy `Makefile.in' to `Makefile.c',
then edit in appropriate substitutions for the @...@ constructs,
and then copy the shell commands near the end of `configure'
that run cpp to construct `Makefile'.
4) Create `Makefile' files in various other directories
from the corresponding `Makefile.in' files. This isn't so hard,
just a matter of substitution.
The `configure' script is built from `configure.in' by the `autoconf'
program. You need version 2.51 or newer of `autoconf' to rebuild
Once Emacs is configured, running `make' in the top directory performs
the following steps.
1) Run `make src/paths.h' in the top directory. This produces
`./src/paths.h' from the template file `./src/paths.in', changing
the paths to the values specified in `./Makefile'.
2) Go to directory `./lib-src' and run `make'. This creates
executables named `ctags' and `etags' and `wakeup' and `make-docfile'
and `digest-doc' and `test-distrib'. And others.
3) Go to directory `./src' and Run `make'. This refers to files in
the `./lisp' and `./lib-src' subdirectories using names `../lisp' and
This creates a file `./src/emacs' which is the runnable Emacs,
which has another name that contains a version number.
Each time you do this, that version number increments in the last place.
It also creates a file in `./etc' whose name is `DOC' followed by the
current Emacs version. This file contains documentation strings for
all the functions in Emacs. Each time you run make to make a new
emacs, a new DOC file with a new name is made. You must keep the DOC
file for an Emacs version as long as you keep using that Emacs
The steps below are done by running `make install' in the main
directory of the Emacs distribution.
1) Copy `./lisp' and its subdirectories, `./etc', and the executables
in `./lib-src' to their final destinations, as selected in `./src/paths.h'.
Strictly speaking, not all of the executables in `./lib-src' need be copied.
- The programs `cvtmail', `fakemail', `hexl',
`movemail', `profile', `rcs2log', `timer', `vcdiff', `wakeup',
and `yow' are used by Emacs; they do need to be copied.
- The programs `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient', `b2m', and `rcs-checkin'
are intended to be run by users; they are handled below.
- The programs `make-docfile' and `test-distrib' were
used in building Emacs, and are not needed any more.
- The programs `digest-doc' and `sorted-doc' convert a `DOC' file into
a file for users to read. There is no important reason to move them.
2) Copy the files in `./info' to the place specified in
`./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/paths.el'. Note that if the
destination directory already contains a file named `dir', you
probably don't want to replace it with the `dir' file in the Emacs
distribution. Instead, you should make sure that the existing `dir'
file contains an appropriate menu entry for the Emacs info.
3) Copy `./src/emacs' to `/usr/local/bin', or to some other directory
in users' search paths. `./src/emacs' has an alternate name
`./src/emacs-EMACSVERSION'; you may wish to make a symbolic link named
`/usr/local/bin/emacs' pointing to that alternate name, as an easy way
of installing different versions.
You can delete `./src/temacs'.
4) Copy the programs `b2m', `emacsclient', `ctags', `etags', and
`rcs-checkin' from `./lib-src' to `/usr/local/bin'. These programs are
intended for users to run.
5) Copy the man pages in `./etc' for emacs, ctags, and etags into the
appropriate man directories.
6) The files in the `./src' subdirectory, except for `emacs', are not
used by Emacs once it is built. However, it is very desirable to keep
the source on line for debugging.
See the file PROBLEMS in etc subdirectory for a list of various
problems sometimes encountered, and what to do about them.
Installation on MSDOG (a.k.a. MSDOS)
To install on MSDOG, you need to have the GNU C compiler for MSDOG
(also known as djgpp), GNU Make, rm, mv, and sed. See the remarks in
config.bat for more information about locations and versions. The
file etc/FAQ includes pointers to Internet sites where you can find
the necessary utilities; search for "MS-DOS". The configuration step
(see below) will test for these utilities and will refuse to continue
if any of them isn't found.
Recompiling Lisp files in the `lisp' subdirectory using the various
targets in the lisp/Makefile file requires additional utilities:
`find' and `xargs' (from Findutils), `touch' (from Fileutils) GNU
`echo' and `test' (from Sh-utils), `tr, `sort', and `uniq' (from
Textutils), and a port of Bash. However, you should not normally need
to run lisp/Makefile, as all the Lisp files are distributed in
byte-compiled form as well.
If you are building the MSDOG version of Emacs on an MSDOG-like system
which supports long file names (e.g. Windows 95), you need to make
sure that long file names are handled consistently both when you
unpack the distribution and compile it. If you intend to compile with
DJGPP v2.0 or later, and long file names support is enabled (LFN=y in
the environment), you need to unpack Emacs distribution in a way that
doesn't truncate the original long filenames to the DOS 8.3 namespace;
the easiest way to do this is to use djtar program which comes with
DJGPP, since it will note the LFN setting and behave accordingly.
DJGPP v1 doesn't support long filenames, so you must unpack Emacs with
a program that truncates the filenames to 8.3 naming as it extracts
files; again, using djtar after setting LFN=n is the recommended way.
You can build Emacs with LFN=n even if you use DJGPP v2, if some of
your tools don't support long file names: just ensure that LFN is set
to `n' during both unpacking and compiling.
(By the time you read this, you have already unpacked the Emacs
distribution, but if the explanations above imply that you should have
done it differently, it's safer to delete the directory tree created
by the unpacking program and unpack Emacs again, than to risk running
into problems during the build process.)
It is important to understand that the runtime support of long file
names by the Emacs binary is NOT affected by the LFN setting during
compilation; Emacs compiled with DJGPP v2.0 or later will always
support long file names on Windows 9X no matter what was the setting
of LFN at compile time. However, if you compiled with LFN disabled
and want to enable LFN support after Emacs was already built, you need
to make sure that the support files in the lisp, etc and info
directories are called by their original long names as found in the
distribution. You can do this either by renaming the files manually,
or by extracting them from the original distribution archive with
djtar after you set LFN=y in the environment.
To unpack Emacs with djtar, type this command:
djtar -x emacs.tgz
(This assumes that the Emacs distribution is called `emacs.tgz' on
your system.)
If you want to print international characters, install the intlfonts
distribution. For this, create a directory called `fonts' under the
Emacs top-level directory (usually called `emacs-XX.YY') created by
unpacking emacs.tgz, chdir into the directory emacs-XX.YY/fonts, and
type this:
djtar -x intlfonts.tgz
When unpacking is done, a directory called `emacs-XX.YY' will be
created, where XX.YY is the Emacs version. To build and install
Emacs, chdir to that directory and type these commands:
config msdos
make install
Running "config msdos" checks for several programs that are required
to configure and build Emacs; if one of those programs is not found,
CONFIG.BAT stops and prints an error message. If you have DJGPP
version 2.0 or 2.01, it will complain about a program called
DJECHO.EXE. These old versions of DJGPP shipped that program under
the name ECHO.EXE, so you can simply copy ECHO.EXE to DJECHO.EXE and
rerun CONFIG.BAT. If you have neither ECHO.EXE nor DJECHO.EXE, you
should be able to find them in your djdevNNN.zip archive (where NNN is
the DJGPP version number).
On Windows NT or Windows 2000, running "config msdos" might print an
error message like "VDM has been already loaded". This is because
those systems have a program called `redir.exe' which is incompatible
with a program by the same name supplied with DJGPP, which is used by
config.bat. To resolve this, move the DJGPP's `bin' subdirectory to
the front of your PATH environment variable.
To install the international fonts, chdir to the intlfonts-X.Y
directory created when you unpacked the intlfonts distribution (X.Y is
the version number of the fonts' distribution), and type the following
make bdf INSTALLDIR=..
After Make finishes, you may remove the directory intlfonts-X.Y; the
fonts are installed into the fonts/bdf subdirectory of the top-level
Emacs directory, and that is where Emacs will look for them by
Building Emacs creates executable files in the src and lib-src
directories. Installing Emacs on MSDOS moves these executables to a
sibling directory called bin. For example, if you build in directory
/emacs, installing moves the executables from /emacs/src and
/emacs/lib-src to the directory /emacs/bin, so you can then delete the
subdirectories /emacs/src and /emacs/lib-src if you wish. The only
subdirectories you need to keep are bin, lisp, etc and info. (If you
installed intlfonts, keep the fonts directory and all its
subdirectories as well.) The bin subdirectory should be added to your
PATH. The msdos subdirectory includes a PIF and an icon file for
Emacs which you might find useful if you run Emacs under MS Windows.
Emacs on MSDOS finds the lisp, etc and info directories by looking in
../lisp, ../etc and ../info, starting from the directory where the
Emacs executable was run from. You can override this by setting the
environment variables EMACSDATA (for the location of `etc' directory),
EMACSLOADPATH (for the location of `lisp' directory) and INFOPATH (for
the location of the `info' directory).
MSDOG is a not a multitasking operating system, so Emacs features such
as asynchronous subprocesses that depend on multitasking will not
work. Synchronous subprocesses do work.
Version 2.0 of djgpp has two bugs that affect Emacs. We've included
corrected versions of two files from djgpp in the msdos subdirectory:
is_exec.c and sigaction.c. To work around the bugs, compile these
files and link them into temacs. Djgpp versions 2.01 and later have
these bugs fixed, so upgrade if you can before building Emacs.
Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
of this document, or of portions of it,
under the above conditions, provided also that they
carry prominent notices stating who last changed them,
and that any new or changed statements about the activities
of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation.


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The Sunday Times have released their songs of 2010 and 'Fuck You' beat everyone else to the Number 1 spot!
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This song is my absolute truth! It's all I ever wanted to be as an artist, man, and human being. I wholeheartedly...Wed, 03 Sep 2014 05:54:59 GMT
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See what one 'day in the life' is like here at our shop - written by our very own Brian Dwyer.http://phillycurrent.com/food-issue/index.html#page/32see Norma
That was a great article. I'd love to go back there one of these days.
Finally got a chance to check out pizza brain! http://instagram.com/p/YKo-blSNJf/s'awesome!
They were just on the Pizza Cuz show.
He seems like a really nice guy, weird and kind of out there but nice. They made the horseradish pizza(forgot the actual name) which looked really good, had brisket and a bunch of other stuff on it. Then at the end they had the ice cream pizza. They went to the museum area and he showed the cousins all his pizza memorabilia which he has a Genius World Record for having the most "pizza memorabilia". It was a really good episode. Their base cheese pizza that they put the ice cream on looked really good. It had that nice cheese to sauce mixed/melted into each other balance.


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For over 20 years we've been building the best line of cycling bottoms for women. All women. All types of riding. We ride, we test, we sponsor teams and we work with great partners all over the world to source fabrics and new technologies.
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Ride it. Wear it. Love it or Return it. We're proud of the products we sell and we back them, unconditionally. If for any reason you're not completely satisfied with your Terry purchase, simply return it for an exchange, credit or refund*.
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How Neuroscience Can Inform Our Succession Conversations
08 February, 2013 | (01 hr)
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This webcast is a reprisal of one of the highest rated presentations from the last Succession Management Conference. This session will provide the underlying biological explanation of why we produce our best work when we feel that we are acting out of our own desire and volition. David Rock, author of Your Brain at Work will make the connection between what we have learned about the brain and how important it is to engage the thinking of top talent—to ensure motivation and commitment to performance and development goals and pathways.
Audience: Executives responsible for Succession Management in their organizations with the majority coming from Human Resources, Leadership Development, Talent and Global Talent Management, Training and Development, Employee Development
David Rock
David Rock is the founder and CEO of Results Coaching Systems (RCS), which has operations in 15 countries across the globe. In his capacity as CEO, David works with Fortune 500 clients specializing in embedding internal coaching capacity within or... Full Bio |


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Top Definition
a term used for girls who don't know they are bisexual until the make out with a chick. it means a girl who is straight until you get her wet.(like spaghetti)
"my friend kim hooked up with a cute spaghetti girl last night"
โดย jilldo
28 ธันวาคม 2003
1 more definition
A girl that is straight until wet. A straight girl that will hook up with lesbians on oaccasion just because they want laid.
Yea, I hooked up with another Spaghetti Girl last night. She said she was straight, until I made her wet.
โดย Phuz
15 มีนาคม 2008


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That is very good news, even if I expected a ready-to-play game. Lets hope we will get a good game for a moderate price.
Found this on the Unigine page dated today (11-25-2010)..
Unique opportunity for Linux game developers
To support Linux game development we will give a completely free license for our top-notch Unigine engine to an experienced team willing to develop a Linux native game. The competion is open until December, 10. Read more in the official press-release.
That is very good news, even if I expected a ready-to-play game. Lets hope we will get a good game for a moderate price.
Aw, I love unigine and all, but I was hoping for steam.
I was too, but this is still a major story, I know 3d modelling and texturing, and have level edited Doom3 UT3 and Crysis, and I feel bad that I do not have the time or money to devote to getting up to speed on the tools required for this project.. if I did Id be all over it!
Unless this isn't it.
I'm hoping michael reports on it soon.
If there is a team out there looking at this offer. I have Worked with Unigine for a couple of years now (on Linux too) - I am full time employed... But will be quite happy to share expertise and some code.
To the potential project dev team..
If any of you read this, kudos to you for picking this project up, I wish I could join your efforts. If I may present my idea for your project (which I understand will be one of many)
There have been a lot of good shooters in recent years, but while the overall quality of graphics gets better, only some games are able to match good gameplay and original ideas with awesome graphics. Unigine (from what I have seen and read) is simply amazing and is up to the task of driving the next killer Linux gaming app.
My Linux game wishlist::
I personally would like to see a GOOD and ORIGINAL Science Fiction single-multiplayer Tactical FPS game for Linux. Something with a massive environment similar to Crysis and the like and keeping the gameplay fun and engaging. Said game should be complete with Spacecraft, Mechs, battlesuits, and an arsenal of futuristic projectile and energy based weapons. I have often dreamed of plying a game that I could launch out of a battleship in orbit around a planet, fly my dropship with occupants past planetary defenses and enemy fighters and drop my occupants on the battlefield so they can attack their objectives. Maybe we are at this point in game development, maybe not, but If the Unigine engine could drive a game like that (especially in Linux) I think every serious gamer in the world would take notice.


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text: 126 min | R From the critically acclaimed writer/director of CRAZY HEART comes this gripping drama about family, fate, and justice. When blue–collar steel mill worker Russell's brother returns home from Iraq, he gets lured into one of the most ruthless crime rings in the Northeast and mysteriously disappears. With the police unable to crack the case, Russell must take matters into his own hands. OUT OF THE FURNACE stars Christian Bale and Casey Affleck alongside an impressive supporting cast of Woody Harrelson, Forest Whitaker, Zoe Saldana, Sam Shepard and Willem Dafoe.


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On October 9, Los Angeles-area SAG, AFTRA and Actors' Equity members joined together on the 5-kilometer Alzheimer's Association's Walk to End Alzheimer's, which raises funds to combat Alzheimer's disease.
Team We Take Care of Our Own — Actors Unite to End Alzheimer's was organized by Nancy Daly, a member whose mother suffers from the affliction. "I knew I had to do something when I went home for the Fourth of July weekend and my mom didn't know me," Daly said.


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There are several stars are well known by their stage names, but who were they born as? Find out their real names in our slideshow.
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Is there anything notable about the hoodies? seems a lil pricey.
Is there anything notable about the hoodies? seems a lil pricey.
I agree. Not sure if I can justify spending that much on a hoodie, though I guess I'd have to see some close ups of the details to really form an opinion.
I felt the hoodies and they are paper thin. I love N&F to death, but I think they're slightly overpriced for what they are. For that amount, I'd rather buy a much thicker W&H or RC hoodie, but that's just me.
I didn't try one on as they weren't ticketed yet and the guy there just let me take a look at it and yeah, I got the skinny broken twills. Could barely button two buttons when I got them, but after sleeping in them I can button them up, ahaha. Loving the fit on these. They remind me of my new cures.
cool, fit pics when you can.
did you get a sense of the sizing?
tried em at a local shop. 145 cad. the fit is just somewhat of a regular standard cut imo, fits pretty close to my blank champion hoodies, just like a regular cut. def comfy, it is thin, but keeps the heat in well. but I would have to agree with others and spend that money on some RC or W+H.
has anyone tried the naked & famous pink elephant 19oz denim yet?? is there another fit besides the skinny for those?
dont really want the skinny fit, they look like super skinny almost
ubrandeds do.
Has anyone experienced any tearing/pulling at the button fly on their skinnyguys? I'm a 33 most of the time (APC, Nudie, Rogue, etc.) but, the flies have never pulled before. It looks really bad and I'm kind of choked because I don't know if times profile shop will exchange 'em.
I'm going to go in tomorrow and if they can't do anything, I'll email Mr. Svarc himself. Hopefully they understand haha.
if i went tts with skinnyguys, will they stretch out to much?
I Pm'd you.
I can post them up for you, wanting to see them myself.
they'll help you out.
or email brandon.
So they exchanged the pair for a bigger size, no problem. They didn't even look twice. Such a great couple of guys there, definitely going to shop there again. Fantastic service.
does anyone know wheres the cheapest place to get N&F in vancouver? I heard boys co carries them. Does anyone know if they stay do? And what are the prices there?
I would be correct in assuming the profile doesn't ship?


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Brand | O'Neill |
Color | Black |
Description | This O'Neill Thermo S/S Crew is ideal for adding some warmth to your wetsuit for those cold winter days. O'Neill's Thermo L/S Crew features: - UPF 50+: maximum protection. - SEAMLESS PADDLE ZONES - POLYPRO - 8oz polypropelene - Maximum Core insulation - Water Repellent, Odor resistant - 4-way stretch fabric - Boardshort Connector - Rash Protection - Flatloc Stitched |
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