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2:09 pm
Mon June 11, 2012
How To Help Your Tween Use Facebook, Safely
Originally published on Wed June 13, 2012 10:00 am
Facebook has historically restricted access for kids under 13 years old, but that may be changing. Many kids already use the network, with or without their parents' consent, and many parents have raised concerned about privacy, safety and advertising.
Stephen Balkam is the chief executive and founder of the Family Online Safety Institute, of which Facebook is a member. In a piece in the Washington Post, he argues that since kids are already on Facebook, it's time to move past worrying about whether they should be there. Instead, he says, the conversation should focus on how to keep the kids who use the social network safe.
No safety measures "will ever by 100 percent foolproof," he tells NPR's Neal Conan. But it's important, he thinks, to "get past the rather crazy situation that we have now where 11- and 12-year-olds, particularly, are lying about their age ... in many cases, with the assistance of their parents."
He makes several recommendations for parents who want to raise Facebook-savvy, and safe, kids.
Go on Facebook together. "I will be the last person to say, 'You must have your child on social networking.' That's nonsense. It's really about making choices about the child's development, about their sociability or not. And if they are coming to you pleading to go on, well, then you can sit down with them and have a good conversation, sign the family safety contract with them, and then, like with training wheels or the shallow end of a swimming pool, go in there with them. Get wet yourself, if you will, until they're ready to swim on their own."
Limit access. "There is a slightly, kind of, Facebook-lite experience, if you will, where kids, teens can only set the privacy settings as high as friends of friends. They can't do it to public. And there are some other restrictions as well. And so our feeling is well ... why doesn't Facebook consider a kind of Facebook-junior experience where the settings are, say, to friends only? Let the parents determine who those friends are and bring in some other restrictions and safety controls."
Report bullying. "Facebook has an extremely powerful reporting button. YouTube has, many of the sites now do. Let's make sure that we are good digital citizens and report when bad things happen. And by the way, this goes for the parents and the adults, too, because sometimes we adults don't model very good cyberbehavior, and the kids sometimes just copy what we're doing."
This is TALK OF THE NATION. I'm Neal Conan.
Right now, Facebook restricts access for kids 12 and under, but that may be changing, in part to reflect the reality that lots of those kids already use the social network. And so many parenting and privacy groups raised concerns about privacy and safety and advertising. In a piece in The Washington Post, Stephen Balkam argues that that concern is misguided since the kids are already there. He says the conversation needs to shift to focus on how to keep them safe. If you have kids under 13, call and tell us about your concerns about Facebook.
800-989-8255. Email us: firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also join the conversation on our website. That's at npr.org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. Stephen Balkam is chief executive and founder of the Family Online Safety Institute and a member of Facebook's safety advisory board. He joins us here in Studio 3A. Nice to have you with us today.
STEPHEN BALKAM: Thank you so much.
CONAN: And full disclosure, the Family Online Safety Institute is funded in part by Internet companies, of those one of those is Facebook.
BALKAM: Indeed.
CONAN: You say we need to get past the question of whether tweens should be on. They're already there.
BALKAM: Well, according to the Consumer Reports study that came out last year, they found 7.5 million kids under the age of 13 already on Facebook. Another researcher, Danah Boyd with Microsoft, came out with figures of 55 percent of 12-year-olds, a third of 11-year-olds and 20 percent of 10-year-olds are already on Facebook and other social networks. Let's not forget, Facebook is just part of the larger universe. So the kids are already there. The issue really is how best can we accommodate them in this new, digital world of ours?
CONAN: So there are special privacy settings right now for older kids from 13 to 18.
Thirteen to 17 on Facebook. There is a slightly, kind of, Facebook-lite experience, if you will, where kids, teens can only set the privacy settings as high as friends of friends. They can't do it to public. And there are some other restrictions as well. And so our feeling is well, why don't we consider - why doesn't Facebook consider a kind of Facebook-junior experience where the settings are, say, to friends only? Let the parents determine who those friends are and bring in some other restrictions and safety controls.
The company has been struggling with this for a while.
BALKAM: Yeah. I mean, I've been on the safety advisory board a good two years. I've had both private conversations with them, and now this is a bit more public. Writing an op-ed in a paper obviously brings it up a lot more. But, you know, this has all come about because of the leak to The Wall Street Journal exactly a week ago. It was not a product announcement, by the way, by Facebook. It was a third-party developer, I believe, who leaked it to the paper. So, yeah, I mean, it's a tough and it's a challenging and it's a complex problem, and I think the company is trying to do its best.
CONAN: And there is an element of naivete here, no? Because even if your tween is on Facebook Junior, should it become available, they could certainly have their own account where they lied and have full access to everything.
SARA LAWRENCE-LIGHTFOOT: Sure, they could, and they - none of this will ever be 100 percent foolproof. But we will get past the rather crazy situation that we have now where 11 and 12 year olds particularly are lying about their age and, in many cases, with the assistance of their parents, many of whom who want their kids on Facebook to share pictures of grandma or Uncle Fred who's in California or, you know, the older brother who's in Afghanistan. They see this as a place where kids ought to be but under some parental control.
CONAN: Yet you suggest in your op-ed parents should monitor their children's activities and be careful about this. Parents don't monitor their kids' homework. I mean...
BALKAM: That's not true. I mean, I - we certainly do it...
CONAN: Some don't. Some don't.
BALKAM: Some don't, obviously. And we're never going to get 100 percent perfect parents either. And even with kids who were older, we have a 16-year-old teenage daughter at home. I mean, we still restrict the times with which she can be online, particularly on Facebook so that she's certain to be doing her homework.
CONAN: We're talking with Stephen Balkam, chief executive and founder of the Family Online Safety Institute about Facebook and younger children, kids 12 and under. 800-989-8255. Email us: email@example.com. And let's we'd get see Dave on the line, Dave with us from Charleston.
DAVE: Hi. Yeah. I might - I'm one of those parents that does allow my daughter who's under 13 to go on Facebook. And we set up the guidelines very clearly that I'm going to go on there and monitor her activity almost daily. And I do, and she understands that. And in doing that upfront eliminates the, you know, the possibility of creating it (technical difficulty) kind of keeping it private. And it's worked out very well. And I can tell you, all of her friends are on Facebook, 90 percent of them, so it is happening. You know, she is 12. Her peers are under 12, and it's what happens.
CONAN: And do you see from your monitoring of her account that her friends' accounts are monitored as carefully?
DAVE: You know, no, because you really can't really tell whether or not those other parents are there. What I do is I look at, you know, the messages they send back and forth, looking for, you know, the types of conversation that I would deem inappropriate. And she's got a good group of friends and, you know, and I could tell that's it's been going very well. And, you know, my daughter responds very well to rules and boundaries, and she understands them. She knows what I expect from her, and she knows what she expects from me. And so we've got some of that symbiotic thing going on, and it's worked out well.
CONAN: Oh, Stephen Balkam, there is your model.
BALKAM: I love what I'm hearing. Thank you so much for calling in with that example. I just wanted to throw out another example. In The Washington Post only last Wednesday, in the kids section of The Washington Post, there was an 11-year-old girl featured who had raised tens of thousands of dollars by a Twitter, not Facebook, for St. Jude's Hospital. Now, the Twitter terms of service suggests - not suggest - state that you have to be 13, and if we knowingly discover that you aren't, we will kick you off the service. So should that 11-year old be kicked off Twitter and not be able to raise money for St. Jude's? It's crazy. It's not a tenable situation for us to continue.
CONAN: Oh, thanks very much for the call.
DAVE: Thank you.
CONAN: There are concerns though obviously safety, obviously advertising, which - that's something that Facebook is dealing with on any number of levels but particularly at this age group.
BALKAM: Oh, I think so. And I think that certainly some people call for a complete ban on advertising for under 13s. And I had some sympathy with that position. I don't know how realistic that is. I mean, we have advertising on TV programs for kids already and magazines, and, you know, the kids live in an advertising-rich environment shall we say. But if there is to be advertising on an under 13 Facebook or an under 13 Twitter and all the other social media, let's make sure there's some really strong rules of the road so that kids are not bombarded, that they are screened and so and so forth.
CONAN: Let's go next to John. John is with us from Portland.
JOHN: Hi. My comment is a little bit different. I'm not actually a parent. I'm actually - I have seven brothers and sisters, and the youngest one is now 13. And she established a Facebook profile a couple years ago. And the idea was - my mother was aware of it, is aware of it, and is aware that my sister kind of fibbed, so to speak, about her age in order to establish her Facebook profile. But when we talked about it, when my mom and I talked about it, we were like, OK, is this something that we're going to allow? Is it something that's OK for her to be doing?
And basically, the decision that we came to as a family was that, I mean, she was going to create a Facebook profile anyway. It was something that she was going to do regardless of what our opinion was of it. So the way that we kind of went about it was we allowed her to do it, but we didn't make a big fuss out of it, but we are really prudent in examining what's going on with her Facebook profile, you know, the people that she's adding, who's on her friends' lists, making sure that she's not putting anything on the Internet that wouldn't be acceptable for, you know, a 13 blonde, blue-eyed, tall girl to put on the Internet.
And then basically, we just kind of keep things low key and make sure that there's an open dialogue of communication between, you know, mostly between me and my sister because there's, you know, all the parents hovering issue. But basically we just make sure that the line of communication is open to where she is - if she has any concerns, if somebody is contacting her or if she has an issue with, you know, something that's been put on her on page, there's a way to resolved it without there being a lot of pressure in her going behind our back and trying to get around the system, so to speak.
CONAN: And has - it sounds like there have been moments where you say, no, let's not go there.
JOHN: Yeah. And I know, I mean, I keep a pretty close eye on her profile. And to be honest, I mean, mostly what I monitor these days - now she kind of becomes smarter about it is grammar. But mostly, she's - there's - it's that open line of communication, knowing that she - we know that she knows that we know that she has a Facebook profile, and she knows that we're looking at it. And she knows that we're doing that to keep her safe. So, I mean, there have been moments when she has posted something where I've text messaged her or, you know, get - sent her a private message on Facebook and said, hey, that's kind of pushing it a little bit. You might want to take that down, kind of thing. But, you know, there's never been any huge issue as long as, you know, that communication has been open for us.
CONAN: And how long do you plan to keep monitoring her?
JOHN: Oh, well, I mean, she is my baby sister, so until she dies probably.
BALKAM: Can I just say - also, one of eight kids. I highly admire your approach. The best thing is that you're not - and your parents are not overreacting to this issue. I think that the kind of panics that we've had over Facebook and Myspace before - remember, Myspace? I mean, we were all up in arms about that. It's best not to overreact. And we offer a family safety contract that you can download from a our site. And it actually gives you some cyber do's and don'ts for both the kids and the parents, including the notion of sanctions if the kid oversteps the mark, and taking those privileges away. But I really admire you're approach.
JOHN: Yeah. And the nice thing about it is my sister has, you know, seven brothers and sisters to look up and, I mean, we've all already made those mistakes and, you know, so, I mean, she - she's pretty conservative about what she posts. She's aware that, you know - and I don't think there's a motivation for her to keep information off there is that we're hovering. I think that it's because the communication has made her aware that we're - that there are things that she is posting on there that she maybe doesn't think about, but other people that have a little bit more of a predatory personality are looking at it a little bit more closely.
So she understands that it's to keep her safe and it's because we love her, not that, you know, she doesn't think that we're hovering over her, watching her every move. So it's mostly - I would say, it's about the communication, making sure that all parties are comfortable and have their battle lines clearly drawn.
CONAN: John, thanks very much for the call.
BALKAM: Continued good luck.
JOHN: Yes, thanks.
CONAN: We're talking with Stephen Balkam, chief executive and founder of the Family Online Safety Institute about his piece, "Allowing Tweens on Facebook: There's Much to Like." You can get a link to that at our website. Go to npr.org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. And this is TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. And this email from Rachel: Beyond the safety issue, tweens and teens might begin to experience the loneliness and other not-part-of-the-in or active-crowd emotions that can come from social media. As a 30-something, I stay off Facebook for this reason. So there's a lot of issues involved.
BALKAM: Well, I don't think Facebook and Tumblr and Twitter and the rest are for everybody, and I also don't think they're for all kids either. I think that - but I do believe that it should be up to families to decide when and if their kids go online, and our hope is that the social media sites, including Facebook, will accommodate them in a way that is, by the way, accommodates COPPA, the Child Online Privacy Protection Act, which is - states that for anyone under 13, there has to be parental consent. That's why we're discussing this 13 age limit.
CONAN: Let's go next to - this is Joe, Joe with us from Grand Rapids.
JOE: Yeah. I have a 13-year-old daughter that - she actually opted out of Facebook. Her mom and I were kind of early adopters. We're late 30-somethings, and we've used Facebook and enjoyed it for its perks. And, yeah, you know, we let our daughter sign up a little bit early so she can talk to her friends and everything. But after about six months, she decided that, you know, it really wasn't for her from the perspective of the kind of mean-girl capacity. There's - bullyism means a lot for, you know, a lot of different reasons. She is a well-liked kid, your average, kind of, middle-of-the-road and she's not on the fringes in any way.
But she just found that - the way she described it was it was really easy for her friends of friends that she didn't really know the hide behind the screen and say mean, catty things and she just - it wasn't worth it for her anymore. She also - I think she got weirded out a little bit when I explained to her how the advertising worked and she - when I told her when things come up on the site, it was in relation to things that she said she liked. And we had a discussion about, you know, how they're tracking her movements. So it was a good learning opportunity for her to find out, you know, kind of what the Internet is and isn't about, and she just said that it wasn't for her.
CONAN: Yeah, Christine has sent us this email from Salem, Oregon more to the point: What about cyberbullies? And clearly, that has to be a concern.
BALKAM: Oh, absolutely. And by the way, there's bullying offline, in playgrounds and in classrooms and online on social networks, and you can cyberbully via texting and email. One interesting thing about cyberbullying online, though, of course, is that you can actually record the trail, which you can't normally do just with verbal bullying. But sure, again, I would say it is not for everyone, and not every kid wants to put themselves out there. I just feel that if there is a desire for families and for kids to go online, let's get them on in a safer way as possible. And when troubles arise, which they do, use the reporting button.
Facebook has an extremely powerful reporting button. YouTube has, many of the sites now do. Let's make sure that we are good digital citizens and report when bad things happen. And by the way, this goes for the parents and the adults, too, because sometimes we adults don't model very good cyber behavior, and the kids sometimes just copy what we're doing.
CONAN: Thanks very much for the call.
JOE: Yup.
CONAN: And here's a tweet from Craig Kormeer(ph): I have a 9-year-old. He has friends on Facebook, but he is not allowed too much opportunity for exposure to pictures or information he doesn't need to know at 9. But he's still learning real life social skills at 9. We don't need to muddy the water with virtual life. And, of course, that is a valid option as well, the parents say, wait a couple years.
BALKAM: Of course, of course. And I wouldn't - I will be the last person to say, you must have your child on social networking. That's nonsense. It's really about making choices about the child's development, about their sociability or not. And if they are coming to you pleading to go on, well, then you can sit down with them and have a good conversation, sign the family safety contract with them, and then, like with training wheels or the shallow end of a swimming pool, go in there with them. Get wet yourself, if you will, until they're ready to swim on their own.
CONAN: Stephen Balkam, thanks very for your time.
BALKAM: Well, thank you.
CONAN: Stephen Balkam, chief executive and founder of the Family Online Safety Institute. He joined us here in Studio 3A. Again, there's a link to his Washington Post piece, "Allowing Tweens on Facebook: There's Much to Like." Go to our website, npr.org, click on TALK OF THE NATION. Tomorrow, the new debate over single mothers and what to do now. It's the TALK OF THE NATION from NPR News. I'm Neal Conan in Washington. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.


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Yeah, the main plot wasn't too interesting but it was good enough to keep things moving. Could they have found a different way to get Roy going? Sure. But they chose this, and I'm fine with that. I give the episode an A.
A new vigilante has hit Starling City and he's abducting people he thinks are guilty and is executing them live on the Internet for the entire city to see. Oliver goes on a desperate run to save the latest abductee, a District Attorney, as Felicity attempts to track his location. However the computer wiz fails and the DA is killed. They discover that the killer is a man whose wife was killed by street thugs in thugs in the Glades and he's targeting those he deems responsible such as the DA for not bringing the criminals to justice, and Roy Harper whom he uses as a surrogate for ll gang bangers in the Glades.
Laurel's mother has convinced her and her Dad that Sarah may indeed have survived the shipwreck of Robert Queen's yacht. Laurel goes so far as to contacting a friend in China to try and confirm the identity in the photo that Dinah Lance believes is Sarah. Malcolm Merlyn is getting closer to finding out who took out the contract on his life, leading to Moira Queen making a desperate decision to save her life. Meanwhile on the Island, Oliver and Slade Wilson are in a standoff with Fyers and his men to make a deal to get off the island in exchange for Oliver returning the circuit board that controls the missile system that Fyers has obtained. But Fyers has other plans, threating to murder Yao Fei's daughter if Oliver doesn't turn over the chip.
I liked everything in this week's episode EXCEPT the main plotline involving the vigilante killer. This was another lame, uninteresting villain that was simply a time waster. Furthermore the fact that out of all of the low life criminals in the Glades the fact that the killer just happens to abduct a penny-ante punk like Roy Harper was pretentious to say the least. Certainly a less hackneyed way could have been devised to somehow get Roy Harper more ingrained into the Green Arrow universe.
The one intriguing thing was the search for Sarah Lance. There is certainly more than meets the eye with this plot thread. This wasn't just done for a two episode diversion. Malcolm Merlyn made another appearance in his Dark Arrow garb and we can certainly look forward to a round two battle with Oliver soon. Things are progressing on the island as Fyers always seems to be able to counter the moves made by Oliver and Wilson.
An uneven episode at best. The main plot cast an unfavorable shadow over the rest of the events which were mostly enjoyable.
Yeah, the main plot wasn't too interesting but it was good enough to keep things moving. Could they have found a different way to get Roy going? Sure. But they chose this, and I'm fine with that. I give the episode an A.

subset: commoncrawl


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I forgot the exact numbers, but they are in the lower 20s @ 1920x1200 with ivy bridge, dhewm3 64 bit is a bit slower than doom3 32 bit. sandy bridge hd 2000 (i7-2600) has 29.x fps using ultra settings @ 1280x1024 (which are default for dhewm3). Now i play the game a bit with nvidia gt630 (kepler) @ 1920x1200 there i get easyly 60 fps. You can test it like that without pts:
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Region 1: EPA New England
Honors Attorney Fellowship
Honors Attorney Fellowship 2012 Brochure (PDF) (2 pp, 498K, about PDF)
Past Honors Attorney Fellowship Participants
"The EPA Honors Fellowship gave me the foundation that I needed to pursue a career in the environmental legal field. …I was able to work on projects with both local and national implications. EPA gave me a broader understanding of the environmental legal structure that I use in a more focused manner everyday in my current position."
Ortiz Langlois, Assistant Attorney General,
Attorney General's Office,
Environmental Crimes Strike Force
Boston, Massachusetts
"EPA is an agency whose legal practice spans across so many different sectors and disciplines – from dry cleaners to power plants, from public health to economics. From the start, I was thrilled to be in a place that challenged my imagination. And within months, I knew I wanted to stay."
Jeanhee Hong
Office of Regional Counsel EPA Region
San Francisco, California
"I found that the Honors Attorney Fellowship provided a terrific opportunity to develop as an attorney. I gained a great deal of substantive knowledge while working on matters ranging from Superfund enforcement actions to Clean Water Act regulatory matters. …I felt that as a Fellow, I was given much more responsibility than many of my peers in private firms, yet I could always rely on my supervisors and colleagues when I needed help."
Andrea Treece
Center for Biological Diversity
San Francisco, California
"My cases - permit appeals, enforcement actions, contaminated military base cleanups, environmental justice issues, and more - are my own. My colleagues, whose experience in environmental and administrative law is deep and broad, provide as much help and support as I need. My clients are biologists and engineers dedicated to protecting the environment and public health from pollution, and my opposing counsel are usually senior partners at major law firms. This is a good way to start a legal career! "
Ronald Fein
Assistant Regional Counsel, EPA – Region I, Boston,
Applicant Qualifications
The United States Environmental Protection Agency's New England Office seeks applications for its Honors Attorney Fellowship only from U.S. citizens who are:
- law students at accredited law schools or joint degree programs, and
- current judicial clerks recently graduated from accredited law schools.
The Fellowship begins in September, and the Fellow is expected to commit to a two-year term. A new Fellow will be hired each year---thus two Fellows serve concurrently.
Fellowship Description
The US EPA New England Honors Attorney Fellowship is designed for applicants who are about to graduate from law school or complete a judicial clerkship. Applicants must have a strong interest in a career in environmental law or in the public sector and academic credentials, experience, and other attributes that demonstrate a significant potential for success.
- The Fellowship offers a unique opportunity for entry-level law students or clerks to join an office dedicated to protecting public health and the environment in New England. The Region offers new attorneys significant responsibility, the opportunity to handle a complex caseload that includes counseling and enforcement work, and extensive training and mentoring from colleagues with regionally and nationally recognized expertise.
- The Region has innovative initiatives addressing environmental justice, brownfields redevelopment, and urban environmental issues, as well as programs to protect our air, water, and land.
- The Region's legal offices offer a diverse, supportive, and family-friendly work environment. The salary and comprehensive benefits will ordinarily be at the GS-11 level (currently starting at $62,758) or, in exceptional circumstances, may be at the GS-12 level (currently starting at $75,222).
The U.S. EPA New England Offices of Regional Counsel and Environmental Stewardship
Attorneys in the Offices of Regional Counsel and Environmental Stewardship provide legal advice to the approximately 700 employees of EPA New England, which is the regional office of the United States Environmental Protection Agency serving Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The regional office works with state, tribal, and local governments to implement national environmental law. The Honors Attorney Fellow is a member of the Office of Regional Counsel but will also undertake approximately half of his/her work assignments in the Office of Environmental Stewardship.
Examples of the type of work performed by lawyers in the Office of Regional Counsel include counseling to EPA staff on implementing programs under the major federal environmental statutes, advice to states on the adequacy of state environmental laws to support program authorization by EPA, and counseling on matters involving ethics, civil rights, personnel, and contracts. The work requires the interpretation of statutes and regulations in the context of environmental policy development. The Office of Regional Counsel employs about thirteen lawyers as well as support staff.
Lawyers in the Office of Environmental Stewardship handle civil and criminal enforcement cases which the EPA brings against individuals, corporations, and governmental entities. Cases may proceed administratively or be referred to the Department of Justice and be heard in United States District Court. Enforcement attorneys work closely with EPA inspectors, scientists, and engineers. The Office of Environmental Stewardship includes approximately thirty-five attorneys, as well as inspectors and support staff.
Honors Attorney Fellowship 2012 Brochure (PDF) (2 pp, 498 K, about pdf)
EPA is an equal opportunity employer. Selection for this position will be based solely on merit without regard to race, color, religion, age, gender, national origin, political affiliation, disability, sexual orientation, marital or family status or other differences. EPA encourages people of color to apply.


text: The first KEF Reference loudspeaker was launched in 1973, when the Model 104 'swept reviewers, distributors, retailers and customers off their feet' as the first domestic audio speaker to match the standards of a broadcast monitor in terms of outstanding acoustic precision. The model line is now world-famous and several generations later remains for many the benchmark for high-end audio loudspeakers and is legendary for its clarity and precision. |


text:
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
Kirei Desu Ne?
67 comments:
- Liz Blair said...
She's beautiful! I'm a fan now.
- November 10, 2009 at 10:54 AM
- Fashion Cappuccino said...
She has such a unique face! I love her charisma in the pictures! xxooxxo
- November 10, 2009 at 10:59 AM
- anne said...
great photos, she has such a wonderful face.
- November 10, 2009 at 11:17 AM
- Mel said...
I love the colors and lighting of the pictures, and she's really pretty!
- November 10, 2009 at 11:22 AM
- muchlove said...
beautiful! especially the first.
- November 10, 2009 at 11:32 AM
- Parapluie said...
Oh, she looks so pretty!
- November 10, 2009 at 11:36 AM
- anahita said...
agreed - it's amazing. especially love the alice through the looking glass one xxx
- November 10, 2009 at 11:39 AM
- Danielle de la Mont said...
Wow the way the light plays across the sheets is stunning.
- November 10, 2009 at 11:41 AM
- daisymay said...
I love here as a model and actress she is really edgy looking and ads something a little different to an editorial. These are great shots!
- November 10, 2009 at 11:41 AM
- daisy lane said...
she is so beautiful!
fantastic photos!
xx - November 10, 2009 at 11:50 AM
- jaunty magpie said...
I love her look and the styling on these photos is inspiring. Although I admit, ever since she was in the adaptation of Sin City, all I can think of is Clive Owen's voice over: "...deadly little Miko." Haven't decided if that's a good thing or not.
- November 10, 2009 at 11:52 AM
- Vicki said...
Love the top photo! the idea of lying on a bed with twinkly lights looks great!! might have to try this myself! :)
magpie-girl.blogspot.com xx - November 10, 2009 at 11:57 AM
- Lauren! said...
Oh she is super cute. I love her outfits.
- November 10, 2009 at 12:00 PM
- fashion westie said...
Lover-ly editorial. Devon is one of the most uniquely beautiful models out there. Wish I could look half as decent amongst the mundane....
- November 10, 2009 at 12:10 PM
- Bella said...
shes gorgeous and those photos are so unique :) xxx
- November 10, 2009 at 12:14 PM
- hannah elizabeth said...
she is so captivating... even when she's just photographed watching a show or something my eyes are like glued to her face.
xx - November 10, 2009 at 12:25 PM
- reckless daughter said...
I saw this the other day, it's so lovely! I want all the outfits, especially the hair accessories :)
- November 10, 2009 at 12:35 PM
- Girl in the loft said...
She's very stunning and can do so much with her face. I love her.
- November 10, 2009 at 12:37 PM
- Dominika said...
she's so beautiful!
- November 10, 2009 at 12:40 PM
- needle+thread said...
the lighting, play of texture, color and graphic elements give this editorial nice depth... good find! where's it from?
- November 10, 2009 at 12:42 PM
- Megan V said...
She IS beautiful. I love the 2nd look - the red shoes and the spotted tights!!! Stunning!
- November 10, 2009 at 12:52 PM
- augustalolita said...
i love her tooo!!! shes so beautiful!!
- November 10, 2009 at 12:58 PM
- Ceci's Tupperware said...
I agree, she makes something average looking to something more exquisite than it really is.
(-: - November 10, 2009 at 1:12 PM
- Brigadeiro said...
LOVE Devon Aoki, for some reason she reminds me of my little sister...these photos are GORGEOUS! The colours, the textures, everything!
xx - November 10, 2009 at 1:34 PM
- Liset said...
Didn't know about her but these pictures are amazing! Thanks for sharing
- November 10, 2009 at 1:45 PM
- SJ said...
Devon Aoki was my first favorite model! Her and Liya Kebede. What a gorgeous shoot, thank you for sharing.
- November 10, 2009 at 2:01 PM
- Melissa Blake said...
I'm in love with those photos!
- November 10, 2009 at 2:11 PM
- VestedBeeVintage said...
All soo gorgeous!!! love the one with the lights! but I also like the second photo. and the third one I love the dress & the accesories!!!
- November 10, 2009 at 2:36 PM
- Lacey Starr said...
These are lovely. But i don't find the settings mundane!
- November 10, 2009 at 2:37 PM
- Eyeliah said...
She is so uniquely gorgeous, when I first saw these I gasped. I have an action figure of her too ;-)
- November 10, 2009 at 3:00 PM
- Hanako66 said...
I adore her as well. She looks gorgeous, these photos are so cool!
- November 10, 2009 at 3:16 PM
- KD said...
I love it! I tend not to like interior eds so much but this one is stellar, especially the first picture.
- November 10, 2009 at 3:28 PM
- SwanDiamondRose said...
she is tiny and lovely. kirei and kawaii.
- November 10, 2009 at 3:48 PM
She sort of has a lost innocence, that is her appeal with guys; I guess. she is very attractive. I think she will be in "Sin City 2"?
- November 10, 2009 at 4:12 PM
- dheyzhere said...
Devon Aoki= unique + stunning..
- November 10, 2009 at 4:22 PM
- I wish i was a pixie said...
the lights in the top photo are such a wicked feature! i love your blog, its soooo pretty! +love your stuff on lookbook
- November 10, 2009 at 4:48 PM
- Rosie Unknown said...
Wow, she is amazing! These photos are some of the best I have seen in a long time.
- November 10, 2009 at 5:03 PM
- Valencia Lia said...
She is indeed so gorgeous and I love her beautiful features!!
the last photo is a favorite of mine <3 - November 10, 2009 at 6:21 PM
- Maria Confer said...
Devon is so gorgeous and I love the play with light and shadows.
lululetty.blogspot.com - November 10, 2009 at 6:38 PM
- WendyB said...
She's been in the biz a long time. I'm impressed that she's hung around.
- November 10, 2009 at 7:00 PM
- The Voguette said...
i totally saw this on fashiongonerogue. nearly died.
love. - November 10, 2009 at 7:43 PM
- Nora said...
love this! thanks for sharing :)
- November 10, 2009 at 9:49 PM
- Meg said...
This editorial is beautiful!
- November 10, 2009 at 10:07 PM
- My Favourite Things said...
There is something so beautiful and coquettish about her...she looks like a doll. Cool photos.
- November 10, 2009 at 10:11 PM
- Runway Reviews said...
beautiful photos, love the lights and the powerful shape and hot pink second dress.
- November 10, 2009 at 10:27 PM
- Niki B. said...
this is an amazing editorial. i love her too!
xx Niki
http://ahautemess.blogspot.com - November 10, 2009 at 10:50 PM
- myrrh goldframe said...
adorable editorial. i love it. <33333
- November 10, 2009 at 11:03 PM
- SO. said...
god without even looking at the magazine title, it just feels sooo japanese. thats amazing. and yeah i do agree with what youre saying with brothers bloom. the whole time i was wondering whats going on with the story. it lacked a lot of things but rinko did not. even with her limited words, she was able to impress me more than the brothers. and i looooove sofia coppola, i finally understand her now. she was able to capture something in women thats always been there but now has clearly defined and personified it.
- November 10, 2009 at 11:28 PM
- Allie said...
I remember seeing her in an editorial when she was around...15? Maybe I'm biased, but I've always had an affinity for Asian models ;)
- November 10, 2009 at 11:47 PM
- indigotangerine said...
she seems to shine through the styling and photography, a sign of a great model.
-indigo - November 10, 2009 at 11:55 PM
- Manja said...
Oh wow, those pictures are gorgeous! The styling is amazing and I would love to own the pair of tights in the second picture.
- November 11, 2009 at 12:07 AM
- monica burnett said...
i love devon aoki! but i love her dads restaurant even more - benihana!
http://monicaburnett.blogspot.com/ - November 11, 2009 at 12:13 AM
- Little Monarch said...
you know I havent seen a lot of Devon lately. She reminds me of my teenage years as she used to always pop up in the girlie magazines I used to read religiously back then. I love her in the second shot xx
- November 11, 2009 at 2:44 AM
- Stéphanie said...
She's beautiful !
- November 11, 2009 at 2:54 AM
- filtduo said...
Hey, I do like her too ..
is she the same woman in a film fast and furious-II ? - November 11, 2009 at 3:06 AM
- Heather said...
fairy lights never cease to amaze! The school girl socks with heels is just uber cute!
- November 11, 2009 at 3:50 AM
- ElasticHeart said...
Kirei desu yo!
She is beautiful. - November 11, 2009 at 6:26 AM
- janettaylor said...
She looks unigue!
I love her so much!
If U have a mood, look at my giveaway!
X♥X♥ - November 11, 2009 at 9:11 AM
- LML said...
the first picture is outstanding...kinda reminds me of christmas :)
- November 11, 2009 at 9:23 AM
- Barbro Andersen said...
She really is beautiful <3 One of a kind!
- November 11, 2009 at 9:32 AM
- une petite said...
she's awesome ! i do love the very first pic with the sweet lights !!
xo from Paris !! - November 11, 2009 at 9:39 AM
- idealscraps said...
I just think you are the most adorable thing and love the way you styled this outfit. Wonderful!
- November 12, 2009 at 10:32 PM
- Lucy in the Sky said...
mmmmmm Sebastian Kim + Devon Aoki + mysterious yet oddly chic hotel room = editorial perfection
- November 13, 2009 at 2:14 AM
- PinkBow said...
she's amazing, has been a favourite of mine too for many years
- November 14, 2009 at 8:01 AM
- Amanda said...
Thank you for linking my blog as credit! Glad you liked Devon's photos, her beauty is so unique.
- November 15, 2009 at 8:16 PM
- Becca Jane said...
She is stunning, as are these photos! Thanks for sharing!
- November 16, 2009 at 4:57 PM
- Bored & Crafty said...
Oh I love her! My boyfriend doesn't find her pretty, which is weird, because she is incredibly beautiful. :D
I watch all her movies even though they're not very good. Haha - November 16, 2009 at 11:06 PM


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Top Definition
The list of people who are duche's and just dont get it. set up with code names to protect the identy of the guilty with varying levls of retardation.
i swear if that guy calls one more time he's moving up on the old douchemeter.
por olympiacos
21 de Dezembro de 2006


text:
TransworldWorld SNOWboarding loves John Jackson.
One of the leading voices in the sport gave the Crowley Lake resident its Rider of the Year award, along with the Men's Video Part of the Year.
It was the second straight year the magazine gave him the two awards, making him a downright celebrity, if he wasn't already.
The awards were announced last Friday at the 2011 TransWorld SNOWboarding Poll Award show in Denver.
In another era, Jackson might have wanted to call home to tell the news to his mom, Shirley, and track down brother Eric, too.
He's past that in the era of Social Media.
Shirley got the news by Twitter.
By Saturday, she also had a new Twitter account
Even so, "I'm waiting for him to call me," she said.


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Add to Wish List
Reserve in store
Falabella shaggy deer cross body bag in black featuring symbol embroidery and a gold chain trim and strap.
Compact shape with flap front closure and Stella McCartney logo disc.
Fully lined with Stella McCartney logo print recycled polyester.
100% Polyester
This bag is made from non-leather, cruelty-free materials using highly skilled manufacturing techniques.
The lining has been created from recycled plastic bottles.
This is part of our ongoing commitment to animal and eco friendly fashion.
Spot clean with a soft damp cloth and a small amount of neutral soap.
Avoid scrubbing in order not to damage the textured surface of the bag.
Width: 22cm/8.7"
Height: 12.5cm/4.7"
Depth: 5.5 cm/2"


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Finding the perfect clothes washer for your home can be a challenge, due to all the different options to consider when determining what exactly meets your needs. Each family is different, so think about the size and feature you or your family will require before purchasing. Appliances Connection can help.
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Black Hawk Park
The city of Paris operates this property on Twin Lakes. Wander the trails to see plants and animals that live in the woods, on marshy land and on the lake. Special nesting boxes have brough bluebirds to the meadows.
Crawford County State Fish & Wildlife Area
Located 2 miles southwest of Hutsonville, on Rt. 1, this park features 1,129 acres for hunting with 9 ponds for fishing. Hiking and horseback trails run throughout the area.
Eagle Ridge Golf Course- Paris
This 18-hole, par 72 course features some water, elevation changes and mature greens. Eagle Ridge Golf Course is located in Paris, IL and is know throughout East Central Illinois and West Central Indiana as having one of the most challenging back nine in the area. From your elite golfers to your novice golfers, Eagle Ridge Golf Course has one of the most enjoyable courses to play in the area
Hickory Holler Campground
Located in West York, Crawford County, the campground features 100 camping sites with many nearby activities.
CITY:West York
KOA Campground and Camper Sales
8-acre lake, some shade trees. 82 sites with three cabins, summer active.
Lincoln Trail State Park
Whether you are looking for history, unusual plant life or recreation, Lincoln Trail State Park has something to interest you. The area is named after the Lincoln Heritage Trail where Abraham Lincoln's family followed en route from Indiana to Illinois in 1831. Lincoln Trail State Park offers American beech woods and a nature preserve with hiking trails, boat rentals, camping, biking, bird watching, fishing, ice fishing and ice skating. Restaurant open seasonally.
Mill Creek Park
Mill Creek Park is located seven miles northwest of Marshall, Illinois on the Lincoln Heritage Trail road. Mill Creek consists of 2,600 acres of land and 811 acres of water with 39 miles of shoreline. Since opening, the park has continued to develop; there are picnic areas on either side of the boat launch and at areas around the lake, a 139 site campground with shower facilities and playground, 15 mile ATV trails, horse and walking trails, courtesy docks, cabin and boat rental including kayaks and paddle boats.
Mill Creek Triathlon
An intense 1500 meter swim, 40K bike ride, 6 mile run along with a 400 meter swim, 10 mile bike ride and 3 mile run. Location is the beautiful Mill Creek Park located in Marshall Illinois.
Paris City Bluebird Trail
Visit these scattered sites to witness the return of the bluebird to Illinois. The trail and Sycamore Golf Club are two links in the Transcontinental Bluebird Trail.
Red Bud Lane Iris Garden
Feast your eyes on the gardens of iris, hostas and day lillies. These bulbs and rhizomes are shipped all over the country. Please call before your visit.
The Marshall Log Cabin Visitors Center
Step back in time while you gather information about Marshall and the surrounding area. This quaint log cabin was originally located nine miles south of Marshall. Be sure to travel Highway 40 and the Historic National Road Scenic Byway.
Twin Lakes Park
East lake - swimming, camping, boat dock, walking trail, primitive camping. West lake - fishing, picnic, large pavilion, shelter, fireworks, horseshoes, tent camping, trailer camping, permission by police for primitive camping.
Vance Park
Adjacent to Paris City Hall, this extensively landscaped sunken garden features a serpentine brick wall inspired by Thomas Jefferson's design at Charlottesville and a lion's head fountain patterned after a park in France.
World's Largest Golf Tee
The World's Largest Golf Tee measures 30ft and 3/4" and weighs 6,659 lbs! It is constructed of yellow pine boards and over 60 gallons of glue and 120 pounds of screws. This is a site you don't want to miss!
World's Largest Wind Chimes
With chimes suspended nearly 50 feet above the ground, the BEI wind chime is a sight to behold! The longest of five chimes is 42 feet long-almost double that of the past world record holder. The chimes sing gentle and deep as they strike the clapper, long gleaming lengths paying tribute to BEI's expertise in the pipeline industry. Stick around to visit the tea shop next door!
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R41150 - Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations30-Sep-2010; Carl E. Behrens; 55 p. Abstract: The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies.
Key budgetary issues for FY2011 i.... [expand] [read report] |
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RL34339 - Coastal Zone Management: Background and Reauthorization Issues29-Sep-2010; Harold F. Upton; 27 p. Update: Previous Editions: June 20, 2008 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was first enacted in 1972, at a time when coordinated land use planning was generally supported in Congress. Planning was seen as central to protecting natural resources while fostering wise development in the coastal zone. Since 1972, pressures for both pre.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Water, Natural Resources, General Interest |
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R41383 - Everglades Restoration and the River of Grass Land Acquisition25-Aug-2010; Charles Stern, Pervaze Sheikh, Remy Jurenas; 11 p. Abstract: The Florida Everglades is a unique network of subtropical wetlands that is now half its original size. The federal government has had a long history of involvement in the Everglades, beginning in the 1940s with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructing flood control projects that shunted wate.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Wetlands, Water, Biodiversity |
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RL33531 - Land and Water Conervation Fund: Overview, Funding History, and Current Issues13-Aug-2010; Carol Hardy Vincent; 15 p. Update: Previous releases: July 10, 2006 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: The Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965 was enacted to help preserve, develop, and assure access to outdoor recreation facilities to strengthen the health of U.S. citizens. The law created the Land and Water Conservation Fund in the U.S. Treasury as a funding source to implement i.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Natural Resources, Water, Public Lands |
1719 |
RL32694 - Open Ocean Aquaculture9-Aug-2010; Harold F. Upton and Eugene H. Buck; 24 p. Update: Previous Releases: June 12, 2008 February 12, 2008 March 15, 2007 June 2, 2006 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: Open ocean aquaculture is broadly defined as the rearing of marine organisms in exposed areas beyond significant coastal influence. Open ocean aquaculture employs less control over organisms and the surrounding environment than do inshore and land-based aquaculture, which are often undertaken in .... [expand] [read report] Topics: Water, Biodiversity |
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R41082 - Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region2-Aug-2010; Eugene Buck, Harold Upton, Stern, Nichols; 27 p. Update: Previous releases: June 25, 2010 April 9, 2010 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: Four species of non-indigenous Asian carp are expanding their range in U.S. waterways, resulting in a variety of concerns and problems. Three species—bighead, silver, and black carp—are of particular note, based on the perceived degree of environmental concern. Current controversy relates to what.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Water, Biodiversity |
2258 |
R40098 - Water Quality Issues in the 111th Congress: Oversight and Implementation13-Jul-2010; Claudia Copeland; 33 p. Update: Previous releases: December 30, 2009 March 16, 2009 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: Although much progress has been made in achieving the ambitious goals that Congress established more than 35 years ago in the Clean Water Act (CWA) to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters, long-standing problems persist, and new problems hav.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Water |
2208 |
RL32344 - Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species8-Jul-2010; Eugene H. Buck; 15 p. Update: Previous Releases: October 1, 2007 June 20, 2007 October 2, 2006 http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/06oct/RL32344.pdf http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05mar/RL32344.pdf http://www.ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/04Apr/RL32344.pdf .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: The 111th Congress may elect to consider legislation (H.R. 500 and S. 237) that has been introduced to amend and reauthorize the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 to further study vessel ballast water management standards and modify how ballast water is handled. .... [expand] [read report] |
250 |
RL33603 - Ocean Commissions: Ocean Policy Review and Outlook20-Jul-2010; Harold F. Upton and Eugene H. Buck; 18 p. Update: Previous Releases: March 19, 2010 December 17, 2009 February 9, 2009 August 15, 2008 February 1, 2007 August 8, 2006 .... [expand] [read report] Abstract: In 2003 and 2004, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy and the Pew Oceans Commission made numerous recommendations for changing U.S. ocean policy and management. The 109th Congress reauthorized the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (P.L. 109-479), incorporating provisions re.... [expand] [read report] Topics: Marine, Water, Legislative |
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RL30030 - Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law23-Apr-2010; Claudia Copeland; 14 p. Update: Previous Release: August 20, 2008 March 17, 2008 February 1, 2006 June 1, 2006 |
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The Green Industry Pros' Product Guide includes products and their manufacturers, addresses and contact information, product descriptions and photos.
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Castles and Attics
DeWayne Butler formed Castles and Attics based on his belief that "it's all about the stuff." The thrill of finding obscure pieces worthy of greater attention and sharing them is his passion. He believes the world is a treasure chest full of artistry and that vintage and antique items have stories to tell. Quality offerings and customer satisfaction are DeWayne Butler's goals.


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BlueWater Ropes
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Wilson WTA2000BB1788 Baseball Glove 11.25"
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Morningside College's freshman center, Bryce Koch, is making a name for himself on the collegiate level as the Mustangs head into the NAIA National Tournament this week in Point Lookout, Mo.Koch, just one year removed from the Dell Rapids Quarriers basketball program, has had a large role in his first year playing for the Mustangs, who are 25-8 on the season with a 16-4 conference record.Koch scored eight points and had four rebounds coming off the bench in Monrningside's championship win over Dordt College last week in the Great Plains Athletic Conference Tournament."There is always a natural transition from high school to college, but it did not take Bryce long to figure it out," said Jim Sykes, head coach of the Mustangs.Koch played in 30 of 33 games and averages 5.6 points per game, four rebounds and 13 minutes a game.Against Dakota State University in December, the Garretson native recorded his first post-high school double-double when he scored 18 points and grabbed 10 rebounds.In a January home win over Doane College, Koch scored 12 points and 10 rebounds "He has improved as the season progressed and really brings us a lift off the bench," Sykes said. "His length and athleticism cannot be matched by many, and he finishes around the basket very well."The six-foot, five-inch freshman's 20 blocks are the Mustang's second best."His future here is very bright and he has played a key role in the success of this team," Sykes said. The Mustangs open the NAIA tournament against Oklahoma Wesleyan Thursday.
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Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach
Author:David H. Barlow, V. Mark Durand
4 Customer Product Reviews
Edition: 6
Pub Date: 2011
Publisher: Cengage Learning
David H. Barlow is the author of Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach, published 2011 under ISBN 9781111343651 and 1111343659. Five hundred eighteen Abnormal Psychology: An Integrated Approach textbooks are available for sale on ValoreBooks.com, one hundred sixty one used from the cheapest price of $10.65, or buy new starting at $91.83. [read more]
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I thought that the depression and anxiety section was very interesting. It's something that is talked about by a lot of people but it is rarely understood by them so it was nice to finally get facts about these mental illnesses.
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I honestly wouldn't change anything. I think it is very well written and I was a huge fan of it. -
This is one of the most interesting books in the psychology program. The books focus explains the multidimensional theory of the human life cycle, I learned a dimensional approach,which allowed me to see the inner-relatedness of developmental, and mood disorders. A great read, even if your not following this career path! Includes clinical real people examples.
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Abnormal Psychology a required coure in my program -
Loved the book as is. The book had great real-life client stories and testimonials, which made it easier to learn about and differentiate between the disorders.
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Including stories of real patient testimonies and stories was helpful in learning about the different disorders, as well as differentiating them. This was a great book for anyone going into psychology, or who wants a fancy book to keep on the coffee table to impress the guests withtheir smarts.
Edition: 6th
Pub Date: 2011
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Hearing Tests
Skip to the navigationTest Overview
A hearing (audiometric) test is part of an ear examination that evaluates a person's ability to hear by measuring the ability of sound to reach the brain.
The sounds we hear start as vibrations of air, fluid, and solid materials in our environment. The vibrations produce sound waves, which vibrate at a certain speed (frequency) and have a certain height (amplitude). The vibration speed of a sound wave determines how high or low a sound is (pitch). The height of the sound wave determines how loud the sound is (volume).
Hearing happens when these sound waves travel through the ear and are turned into nerve impulses. These nerve impulses are sent to the brain, which "hears" them.
- Sound waves enter the ear through the ear canal (external ear) and strike the eardrum (tympanic membrane), which separates the ear canal and the middle ear.
- The eardrum vibrates, and the vibrations move to the bones of the middle ear. In response, the bones of the middle ear vibrate, magnifying the sound and sending it to the inner ear.
- The fluid-filled, curved space of the inner ear, sometimes called the labyrinth, contains the main sensory organ of hearing, the cochlea. Sound vibrations cause the fluid in the inner ear to move, which bends tiny hair cells (cilia) in the cochlea. The movement of the hair cells creates nerve impulses, which travel along the cochlear (auditory, or eighth cranial) nerve to the brain and are interpreted as sound.
Hearing tests help determine what kind of hearing loss you have by measuring your ability to hear sounds that reach the inner ear through the ear canal (air-conducted sounds) and sounds transmitted through the skull (bone-conducted sounds).
Most hearing tests ask you to respond to a series of tones or words. But there are some hearing tests that do not require a response.
Why It Is Done
Hearing tests may be done:
- To screen babies and young children for hearing problems that might interfere with their ability to learn, speak, or understand language. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all newborns be screened for hearing loss.1 All 50 states require newborn hearing tests for all babies born in hospitals. Also, many health organizations and doctors' groups recommend routine screening. Talk to your doctor about whether your child has been or should be tested.
- To screen children and teens for hearing loss. Hearing should be checked by a doctor at each well-child visit. In children, normal hearing is important for proper language development. Some speech, behavior, and learning problems in children can be related to problems with hearing. For this reason, many schools routinely provide hearing tests when children first begin school. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a formal hearing test at ages 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 years. 2
- To evaluate possible hearing loss in anyone who has noticed a persistent hearing problem in one or both ears or has had difficulty understanding words in conversation.
- To screen for hearing problems in older adults. Hearing loss in older adults is often mistaken for diminished mental capacity (for instance, if the person does not seem to listen or respond to conversation).
- To screen for hearing loss in people who are repeatedly exposed to loud noises or who are taking certain antibiotics, such as gentamicin.
- To find out the type and amount of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, or both). In conductive hearing loss, the movement of sound (conduction) is blocked or does not pass into the inner ear. In sensorineural hearing loss, sound reaches the inner ear, but a problem in the nerves of the ear or, in rare cases, the brain itself prevents proper hearing.
How To Prepare
Tell your doctor if you:
- Have recently been exposed to any painfully loud noise or to a noise that made your ears ring. Avoid loud noises for 16 hours prior to having a thorough hearing test.
- Are taking or have taken antibiotics that can damage hearing, such as gentamicin.
- Have had any problems hearing normal conversations or noticed any other signs of possible hearing loss.
- Have recently had a cold or ear infection.
Before beginning any hearing tests, the health professional may check your ear canals for earwax and remove any hardened wax, which can interfere with your ability to hear the tones or words during testing.
For tests in which you wear headphones, you will need to remove eyeglasses, earrings, or hair clips that interfere with the placement of the headphones. The health professional will press on each ear to find out whether the pressure from the headphones on your outer ear will cause the ear canal to close. If so, a thin plastic tube may be placed in the ear canal before the testing to keep your ear canal open. The headphones are then placed on your head and adjusted to fit.
If you are wearing hearing aids, you may be asked to remove them for some of the tests. You may be asked to shampoo your hair before you have auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing.
Talk to your doctor about any concerns you have about the need for a hearing test, its risks, how it will be done, or what the results will mean. To help you understand the importance of this test, fill out the medical test information form (What is a PDF document?).
How It Is Done
Hearing tests can be done in an audiometry laboratory by a hearing specialist (audiologist) or in a doctor's office, a school, or the workplace by a nurse, health professional, psychologist, speech therapist, or audiometric technician.
Whispered speech test
In a whispered speech test, the health professional will ask you to cover the opening of one ear with your finger. The health professional will stand 1 ft (0.3 m) to 2 ft (0.6 m) behind you and whisper a series of words. You will repeat the words that you hear. If you cannot hear the words at a soft whisper, the health professional will keep saying the words more loudly until you can hear them. Each ear is tested separately.
Pure tone audiometry
Pure tone audiometry uses a machine called an audiometer to play a series of tones through headphones. The tones vary in pitch (frequency, measured in hertz) and loudness (intensity, measured in decibels). The health professional will control the volume of a tone and reduce its loudness until you can no longer hear it. Then the tone will get louder until you can hear it again. You signal by raising your hand or pressing a button every time you hear a tone, even if the tone you hear is very faint. The health professional will then repeat the test several times, using a higher-pitched tone each time. Each ear is tested separately. The headphones will then be removed, and a special vibrating device will be placed on the bone behind your ear. Again, you will signal each time you hear a tone.
Tuning fork tests
A tuning fork is a metal, two-pronged device that produces a tone when it vibrates. The health professional strikes the tuning fork to make it vibrate and produce a tone. These tests assess how well sound moves through your ear. Sometimes the tuning fork will be placed on your head or behind your ear. Depending on how you hear the sound, your health professional can tell if there is a problem with the nerves themselves or with sound getting to nerves.
Speech reception and word recognition tests
Speech reception and word recognition tests measure your ability to hear and understand normal conversation. In these tests, you are asked to repeat a series of simple words spoken with different degrees of loudness. A test called the spondee threshold test determines the level at which you can repeat at least half of a list of familiar two-syllable words (spondees).
Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing
Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing is often used to screen newborns for hearing problems. In this test, a small, soft microphone is placed in the baby's ear canal. Sound is then introduced through a small flexible probe inserted in the baby's ear. The microphone detects the inner ear's response to the sound. This test cannot distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
Auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing
Auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing detects sensorineural hearing loss. In this test, electrodes are placed on your scalp and on each earlobe. Clicking noises are then sent through earphones. The electrodes monitor your brain's response to the clicking noises and record the response on a graph. This test is also called brain stem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing or auditory brain stem evoked potential (ABEP) testing.
How It Feels
There is normally no discomfort involved with a hearing test.
There are no risks associated with hearing tests.
A hearing test is part of an ear examination that evaluates a person's ability to hear.
Normal |
Abnormal |
Sound is described in terms of frequency and intensity. Your hearing threshold is how loud the sound of a certain frequency must be for you to hear it.
- Frequency, or pitch (whether a sound is low or high), is measured in vibrations per second, or hertz (Hz). The human ear can normally hear frequencies from a very low rumble of 16 Hz to a high-pitched whine of 20,000 Hz. The frequencies of normal conversations in a quiet place are 500 Hz to 2,000 Hz.
- Intensity, or loudness, is measured in decibels (dB). The normal range (threshold or lower limit) of hearing is 0 dB to 25 dB. For children, the normal range is 0 dB to 15 dB. Normal results show that you hear within these ranges in both ears.
The following table relates how loud a sound must be for a person to hear it (hearing thresholds) to the degree of hearing loss for adults:
Hearing threshold in decibels (dB) | Degree of hearing loss | Ability to hear speech |
0–25 dB |
None |
No significant difficulty |
26–40 dB |
Mild |
Difficulty with faint or distant speech |
41–55 dB |
Moderate |
Difficulty with conversational speech |
56–70 dB |
Moderate to severe |
Speech must be loud; difficulty with group conversation |
71–90 dB |
Severe |
Difficulty with loud speech; understands only shouted or amplified speech |
91+ dB |
Profound |
May not understand amplified speech |
What Affects the Test
Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include:
- Being unable to cooperate, follow directions, and understand speech well enough to respond during most tests. It may be difficult to conduct hearing tests on young children or on people who have physical or mental disabilities.
- Equipment problems, such as cracked or poorly fitting headphones or an uncalibrated audiometer, or background noise.
- Difficulty speaking or understanding the language of the tester.
- A recent cold or ear infection.
- Being around loud noises within 16 hours before the test.
What To Think About
- Other types of tests may be used to evaluate
hearing. These tests include:
- Acoustic immittance testing (tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing). This 2- to 3-minute test measures how well the eardrum moves in response to sound. The soft tip of a small instrument is inserted into the ear canal and adjusted to achieve a tight seal. Sound and air pressure are then directed toward the eardrum. The test is not painful, but slight changes in pressure may be felt or the tone may be heard.
- Vestibular tests (falling and past-pointing tests). These tests can detect problems with areas of the inner ear that help control balance and coordination. During these tests, the person tries to maintain balance and coordination while moving the arms and legs in certain ways, standing on one foot, standing heel-to-toe, and performing other maneuvers with the eyes open and closed. The health professional will protect the person from falling, and no special preparation is needed.
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2008). Universal Screening for Hearing Loss in Newborns: Recommendation Statement. Available online: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/newbornhear/newbhearrs.htm.
- Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup (2014). 2014 recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics, published online February 24, 2014. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013–4096. Accessed March 7, 2014.
Other Works Consulted
- Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup (2014). 2014 recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics, published online February 24, 2014. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013–4096. Accessed March 7, 2014.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Charles M. Myer, III, MD - Otolaryngology
Current as ofNovember 14, 2014
- Top of Page
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Why It Is Done
Previous Section:
Test Overview - Top of Page
Next Section:
How To Prepare
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Why It Is Done - Top of Page
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How It Is Done
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How To Prepare - Top of Page
Next Section:
How It Feels
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How It Is Done - Top of Page
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Previous Section:
How It Feels - Top of Page
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Previous Section:
Risks - Top of Page
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What Affects the Test
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Results - Top of Page
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What To Think About
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What Affects the Test - Top of Page
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What To Think About - Top of Page
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References - Top of Page
Current as of: November 14, 2014
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: William H. Blahd, Jr., MD, FACEP - Emergency Medicine & Charles M. Myer, III, MD - Otolaryngology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more, visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


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