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Polysaccharide responsiveness is tested by measuring antibody responses to polysaccharide vaccines to diagnose for humoral immunodeficiency. A common assumption is that this responsiveness is biased by any previous exposure to the polysaccharides in the form of protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccines, such as those used in many childhood vaccination programmes.
To examine this assumption, we investigated the effect of protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination on subsequent polysaccharide responsiveness.
HIV-infected adults (n = 47) were vaccinated twice with protein-coupled polysaccharides and six months later with pure polysaccharides. We measured immunoglobulin G responses against three polysaccharides present in only the polysaccharide vaccine (non-memory polysaccharides) and seven recurring polysaccharides (memory polysaccharides). Responsiveness was evaluated according to the consensus guidelines published by the American immunology societies.
Impaired responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides was more frequent than to memory polysaccharides (51% versus 28%, P = 0.015), but the individual polysaccharides did not differ in triggering sufficient responses (74% versus 77%, P = 0.53). Closer analysis revealed important shortcomings of the current evaluation guidelines. The interpreted responseś number and their specificities influenced the likelihood of impaired responsiveness in a complex manor. This influence was propelled by the dichotomous approaches inherent to the American guidelines. We therefore define a novel more robust polysaccharide responsiveness measure, the Z-score, which condenses multiple, uniformly weighted responses into one continuous variable. Using the Z-score, responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides and memory-polysaccharides were found to correlate (R2 = 0.59, P<0.0001).
We found that polysaccharide responsiveness was not biased by prior protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults. Studies in additional populations are warranted.
Citation: Bernth-Jensen JM, Søgaard OS (2013) Polysaccharide Responsiveness Is Not Biased by Prior Pneumococcal-Conjugate Vaccination. PLoS ONE 8(10): e75944. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075944
Editor: Lionel G. Filion, University of Ottawa, Canada
Received: May 31, 2013; Accepted: August 19, 2013; Published: October 11, 2013
Copyright: © 2013 Bernth-Jensen and Søgaard. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: OSS was a recipient of a fellowship from the University of Aarhus. JMB was employed by the public Danish hospital Aarhus University Hospital. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Polysaccharide responsiveness is tested by measuring antibody responses to polysaccharide vaccines. The test forms a cornerstone in diagnosing humoral immunodeficiency [1]–[4]. However, the basis for the test appears to be eroding. The reason is that childhood vaccination schemes now commonly include the same polysaccharides, which are used for testing, but in protein-coupled form. This may be problematic because the dominant perception in the field is that all future responses to protein-coupled polysaccharides - even without the protein moiety – will describe protein responsiveness rather than polysaccharide responsiveness [5]. Thus, it is difficult to test polysaccharide responsiveness and to acknowledge the dominant perception. The key question is to which extent the dominant perception is correct.
Indeed, protein-coupling of polysaccharides alters the immune response, e.g. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate over IgG2, and efficient long-lasting immunologic memory is induced [6]. The simplistic explanation model is that the protein-moiety enables T-cell synergy. However, the impact of previous exposure to protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination on the outcome of polysaccharide responsiveness test remains unaddressed. Clarification of this open question is of basal immunological interest and of immense importance to clinical practice in the field.
We aimed to study protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccinatiońs potential bias upon testing polysaccharide responsiveness in HIV-infected adults. No bias was identified.
Ethics statement
This observational study was a sub-study to an investigator initiated phase Ib/IIa, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in which HIV-infected adults were immunised with pneumococcal vaccines with or without CPG 7909. We have previously detailed the populatiońs data [7].
HIV patients seen at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark were invited by letter to participate. Consenting HIV-seropositive volunteers aged 18 or older were eligible for enrollment. All participants gave informed written consent. The study protocols were approved by the Danish Medicines Agency, the Regional Ethical Committee, and the Danish Data Protection Agency; and the protocols were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00562939).
Study population
Briefly, we excluded individuals who (i) had received pure pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine within the last 5 years; (ii) were on antiretroviral therapy for less than 6 months or with HIV RNA >50 copies/mL; (iii) with CD4+ cell count <200 cells/µL; (iv) were considered unable to follow the protocol regimen; (v) were women who were pregnant, breast-feeding, or unwilling to use reliable contraception methods for the duration of the trial. In the present study, we included the 47 participants who received no CPG 7909 (Figure 1). Participants were immunized with double doses of protein-coupled pneumococcal polysaccharides (Prevenar7) at 0 and 3 months, and pure pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax) at 9 months during the study period.
Plasma samples used in this study were obtained at 3, 9, and 10 months. IgGs to ten polysaccharides contained in the pure polysaccharide vaccine were quantified by ELISA at Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark according to WHO recommendations. Seven of the ten polysaccharides were also contained in the protein-coupled vaccine (PS4, PS6B, PS9V, PS14, PS18C, PS19F, and PS23F). These seven polysaccharides are referred to as memory-polysaccharides. Three of the ten polysaccharides were only contained in the polysaccharide vaccine (PS1, PS7F, and PS19A). These three are referred to as non-memory polysaccharides.
Interpretation of polysaccharide responsiveness
Initial interpretation was made based on expert consensus guidelines published by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology [1]. Sufficient response to an individual polysaccharide was defined as a post-vaccination specific IgG concentration ≥1.3 µg/mL or a ≥ four-fold increment over baseline. Impaired polysaccharide responsiveness was defined as less than 70% of individual polysaccharide responses being sufficient.
Four alternative approaches for interpreting polysaccharide responsiveness were explored. These approaches were all based on post-vaccination IgG concentration to polysaccharides (concentrations). 1) Geometric mean concentrations were calculated and impaired responsiveness was defined as values below 1.3 µg/ml. 2) Geometric mean concentrations where individual concentrations were corrected for population differences between polysaccharides. This correction was done by dividing individual concentrations with the populatiońs geometric mean concentration to the particular polysaccharide. Impaired responsiveness was defined as values below 0.35 (1.3µg/ml divided by the populatiońs geometric mean of all concentrations to all polysaccharides (3.7µg/ml)). 3) Variance differences between responses were corrected by transforming individual responses to standard normal deviates. These were then combined by arithmetic means (). Each standard normal deviate () was calculated from a logarithmically transformed concentration (), corrected by the populations mean () and SD () of logarithmically transformed concentrations to the particular polysaccharide:
Impaired responsiveness was defined as below –0.79 (the logarithm of 0.35 divided by the SD of all logarithmically transformed responses (0.57)). 4) Number of ´s importance for 's variance was corrected by transforming to a standard normal deviate (Z-score). This was done by dividing each by the populatiońs corresponding SD. Impaired responsiveness was defined as a Z-score below –0.79.
All data on responses were included. Responses were organised in unique panels. Each panel contained a variable number of polysaccharide responses; from 1 to 9 out of the total 10. For a given number of responses (), we established all possible unique panels by including the possible combinations of the available 10 polysaccharides responses (). The populatiońs frequency of impaired responsiveness was determined with each unique panel. Panels were grouped by the number of included polysaccharide responses and the mean frequency and SD of impaired responsiveness were calculated each group. The simulations were made in Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft® Office Excel® 2007).
Paired data were tested for difference by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Outcome concordance was tested by Fisher's exact test. IgG concentrations were log-normally distributed. To test polysaccharide responses for differences (individually and simultaneously), observations were coupled to dummy-variables indicating their origin. Linear regression and F tests were used for logarithmic transformed IgG concentrations whereas probit regression and chi-squared testing were used for dichotomous variables. Correlation of Z-scores was examined by linear regression. Significance level: P<0.05. Data analysis was made using Stata 11.0 (StataCorp, TX).
Responsiveness to memory and non-memory polysaccharides is concordant
We studied HIV-infected adultś responsiveness to two polysaccharide groups: polysaccharides to which immunological memory was anticipated (memory polysaccharides) and polysaccharides to which immunological memory was not anticipated (non-memory polysaccharides). Responsiveness was evaluated based on American consensus guidelines [1]: An adequate response to an individual polysaccharide was defined as a post-immunisation IgG concentration of at least 1.3 µg/ml or at least four fold over baseline and a person was defined as having impaired responsiveness if less than 70% of individual responses were adequate. A total of 28% had impaired responsiveness to memory polysaccharides, whereas 51% had impaired responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides (P = 0.015). However, the test outcome (impaired responsiveness or not impaired responsiveness) was concordant in 64% of the participants (P = 0.049). We therefore rejected independency of responsiveness to memory and non-memory polysaccharides.
According to consensus guidelines, a pre-vaccination IgG concentration above 1.3 µg/ml entails an insufficient response if the post-vaccination IgG concentration is below 1.3 µg/ml. We examined the consequences of also accepting pre-vaccination concentrations above 1.3 µg/ml as sufficient responses. Now, 23% had impaired responsiveness to memory polysaccharides, whereas 49% had impaired responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides (P = 0.005). The test outcome was concordant in 66% of the participants (P = 0.017). Thus, the additional definition did not substantially alter the findings.
Memory and non-memory polysaccharides do not differ in triggering sufficient responses
We speculated that the unequal frequency of impaired responsiveness to memory polysaccharides and non-memory polysaccharides could be explained by an unequal propensity to trigger sufficient responses. However, no difference could be demonstrated; 77% of the responses to memory polysaccharides were sufficient and 74% of the responses to non-memory polysaccharides were sufficient (P = 0.53). Essentially similar findings were obtained, when we accepted pre-vaccination concentrations above 1.3 µg/mL as sufficient responses (79% versus 75%, P = 0.45).
Number and specificity of responses decide impaired responsiveness frequency
We were puzzled by finding an unequally impaired responsiveness frequency to the two polysaccharide types without any demonstrable differences in their propensity to trigger sufficient responses. We hypothesised that the unequal numbers of interpreted responses (three versus seven) could explain this controversy. This hypothesis was tested in a simulation based on all available data. From Figure 2A is it clear that the number of responses interpreted immensely impacts a populatiońs impaired responsiveness frequency. Individual polysaccharides differed in their propensity to induce sufficient responses (Figure 2B, P = 0.0039) wherefore the choice of polysaccharide responses used for testing heavily influences the tests outcome.
A: Participantś polysaccharide responsiveness was evaluated according to consensus guidelines from a variable number of responses (one to nine). All combinations of response specificities were evaluated yielding a total of 1022 responsiveness evaluations per participant. Responsiveness was evaluated according to the consensus guidelines. The populations mean frequencies of impaired responsiveness are presented with SDs ordered according to the number of included responses. The particular frequencies for the three non-memory polysaccharides and seven memory polysaccharides are indicated (blue symbol and red symbol, respectively). B: The percentage attaining a sufficient response to the individual polysaccharides according to consensus guidelines. Blue bars represent responses to non-memory polysaccharides and red bars represent responses to memory polysaccharides.
The frequencies of impaired responsiveness based on responses to the seven memory polysaccharides and the three non-memory polysaccharides did not appear unusual because both were within 0.6 SD of their respective means (Figure 2A). However, impaired responsiveness is generally more frequent when any three responses are interpreted than when any seven responses are interpreted (Figure 2A, the causal relationship is given in File S1 and Figure S1).
Thus, the more frequently impaired responsiveness from the three non-memory polysaccharides compared with the seven memory polysaccharides is most likely caused by their unequal number.
Condensing polysaccharide responsiveness into one variable termed Z-score
It seems inappropriate that the specificity and number of responses decide the frequency of impaired responsiveness in a population. We therefore decided to develop a more reliable polysaccharide responsiveness measure to achieve our aim. We anticipated that a single continuous variable would be most suitable. This made it necessary to choose between post-vaccination concentrations or fold-increments. Post-vaccination IgG concentrations were above 1.3 µg/mL in 98% of the sufficient responses, and no test outcome was changed by abandoning this criterion. Thus, the "fold-increment" criterion was redundant and post-vaccination IgG concentrations were therefore used to describe responses in the remaining study.
To launch the development, the geometric mean of responses was used as responsiveness measure. Black symbols in Figure 3A display the relationship between the impaired responsiveness frequency and the number of interpreted responses. The populatiońs responses differed between polysaccharides (P<0.0001, Figure 3B). Correction of these differences caused decreases in SDs (Figure 3A, white symbols). The decreased SDs indicates lesser importance of which particular polysaccharide responses that are used to evaluate responsiveness. Next, the difference in polysaccharide response variation was also corrected by transforming responses to standard normal deviates before averaging (Figure 3A, yellow symbols). This procedure diminishes the dependency on the number of included responses but it did not abolish it. From Figure 3C is it evident that the mean SDs of the latter averages are inversely related to the number of included responses. This dependency was abolished by transforming the averages to standard normal deviates. This variable was termed Z-score. The expected frequency in a population having an impaired responsiveness is not dependent on the specificity and the number of responses included in the Z-score (Figure 3A, green symbols).
A: Participantś polysaccharide responsiveness was evaluated using means of responses. A variable number of responses were included (one to nine). All combinations of response specificities were evaluated. The populations mean frequencies of impaired responsiveness for a given number of responses were determined from geometric means (black), concentration-corrected geometric means (white), means of standard normal deviates (yellow), means of standard normal deviates transformed to standard normal deviates (green). See Methods for impaired responsiveness definition. Error bars indicate SDs. B: Populations geometric mean IgG concentrations to polysaccharides after polysaccharide vaccination (with 95% confidence intervals). IgG concentrations to non-memory polysaccharides are presented as blue bars and IgG concentrations to memory polysaccharides are presented as red bars. C: Means of polysaccharide responsiveness based on standard normal deviates obtained from the simulation. Error bars indicate SDs. The arbitrary limit defining impaired responsiveness (–0.79) are illustrated for comparison.
Responsiveness to memory and non-memory polysaccharides correlates
With Z-score in the armoury, we returned to complete the study of the potential bias of the protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination to testing polysaccharide responsiveness. From Figure 4A is it clear that the polysaccharide vaccination triggered responsiveness to memory and non-memory polysaccharides correlated intimately (P(slope = 0)<0.0001, R2 = 0.59). The correlation was observed both in persons with impaired non-memory polysaccharide responsiveness according to consensus guidelines (black symbols in Figure 4A, n = 24, P(slope = 0) = 0.0012, R2 = 0.39) as well as in persons without impaired non-memory polysaccharide responsiveness (white symbols in Figure 4A, n = 23, P(slope = 0)<0.0001, R2 = 0.55). The regression coefficients of these two participant subpopulations could not be demonstrated to differ (P = 0.59).
Z-scores of responses to non-memory polysaccharides after polysaccharide vaccination were compared to Z-scores of responses to memory polysaccharides (A): after polysaccharide vaccination and (B): after protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination. The Z-scores of participants with impaired polysaccharide responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides according to consensus guidelines are presented as black symbols whereas the Z-scores of participants with intact responsiveness are presented as white symbols.
We further stressed the assumed bias introduced by protein-coupling. Responsiveness to protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccination (prior to pure polysaccharide vaccination) was compared to the responsiveness to pure polysaccharide vaccination. These responsiveness measures also correlate intimately (P(slope = 0)<0.0001, R2 = 0.60, Figure 4B). Again, the correlation was observed both in persons with and without impaired non-memory polysaccharide responsiveness according to consensus guidelines (n = 24, P(slope = 0) = 0.0047, R2 = 0.31 and n = 23, P(slope = 0)<0.0001, R2 = 0.57). The regression coefficients of these two participant subpopulations could not be demonstrated to differ (P = 0.28).
Polysaccharide responsiveness has been presumed to be biased by prior exposure to pneumococcal-conjugate vaccines. In the present study, we investigated this presumption. We here present the first evidence that polysaccharide responsiveness is not biased by prior pneumococcal-conjugate vaccination.
We found that impaired responsiveness was more frequent to non-memory polysaccharides than to memory polysaccharides. This was contrasted by the surprising finding that memory and non-memory polysaccharides did not differ in terms of their propensity to trigger sufficient responses. We dissected this controversy and found it to be propelled by the dichotomous evaluation of multiple responses inherent in consensus guidelines. We deducted an alternative continuous polysaccharide responsiveness measure termed the Z-score. By using this score, we found that the responsiveness to non-memory polysaccharides correlated intimately with the responsiveness to memory-polysaccharides both when the latter were triggered by polysaccharides and by protein-coupled polysaccharides.
The main strength of the present study is the study population. HIV-infected persons are susceptible to pneumococcal disease [8] and frequently have impaired polysaccharide responsiveness [9]. The American consensus guidelines for evaluating polysaccharide responsiveness have been validated in HIV-infected persons [9]. Furthermore, we maximized the potential for bias by previous protein-coupled polysaccharide immunisation by administering double doses of protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccine 9 months and 6 months before testing polysaccharide responsiveness.
However, our study also had some limitations. Inclusion of a group not receiving protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccine could have contributed additional information to the present study. Vaccination with protein-coupled polysaccharides has been reported to prime responses to recurring polysaccharides in pure polysaccharide vaccines [10]–[12]. But this effect was not observed in other studies [13]–[15].
More responses to non-memory polysaccharides should ideally have been quantified; optimally, as many as to the memory polysaccharides. This would eliminate the impact of unequal response numbers (Figure 2A). But no more IgG specificities could be quantified by the used laboratory at the time of the study. Now, more responses are easily tested using fluorescent bead-based immunoassays [16]. However, the valency of the conjugate vaccine has also increased and now shares 13 polysaccharides with the pure polysaccharide vaccine. This development is likely to continue. Our findings in a population with high frequency of impaired polysaccharide responsiveness are therefore important.
Obviously, other populations must be studied before final conclusions are made. Different age groups are of special interest because the importance of protein-coupling differs [17]. With increasing age after infancy, responses to protein-coupled polysaccharide vaccines gradually display the characteristics expected of pure polysaccharide antigens; that is a relative increase in IgM and IgG2 compared to IgG1 [17].
Our findings suggest that the consensus guidelines used for evaluating polysaccharide responsiveness should be revised. The Z-score offers several advantages over the classic dichotomous interpretations of multiple individual responses. One variable is simpler to interpret. The Z-score is robust to difference in numbers and specificities of responses (Figure 3A). Lack of such robustness is, indeed, an Achilles heel of the American consensus guidelines (Figure 2A) which also makes comparison of studies treacherous except when exactly the same response specificities are tested. Furthermore, we expect that a continuous variable better describes the clinical continuum of polysaccharide responsiveness. Clinical use of the Z-score necessitates estimation of unknown figures (means and SDs) from a suitable reference population. Patientś polysaccharide responsiveness can then be presented as percentiles of the reference population. This alleviates the common limit-value used to define sufficient responses for all polysaccharides (1.3 µg/ml), which is not likely to be optimal.
The sacrifice in our alternative approach is that we abandoned the "fold-increment" criterion. In the present study, this criterion was redundant. In our opinion, the criterion is somewhat misleading. A tiny absolute response could satisfy the criterion if the baseline is also low, even though the response is abnormal and non-protective. Also, omitting the criterion entails less patient discomfort and savings.
How many response specificities should be included in the Z-score? Measuring responses to different polysaccharides is essentially analogous to making repeated measures of one variable because the individual responses correlate closely. Consistent with this, the SDs of standard normal deviate means were inversely related to the number of responses (Figure 3C). The decrease in SDs was negligible when more than three to four responses were included. Therefore, we expect inclusion of more response specificities in the Z-score to be superfluous.
Other approaches for evaluating polysaccharide responsiveness may also be forthcoming. A screening candidate could be αGal-binding IgG. αGal (Galα1,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc-R) is a microbial carbohydrate structure described as the most frequent ligand of human IgGs [18]. We recently reported that αGal-binding antibodies correlate with the classic measures of carbohydrate responsiveness; namely antibodies to blood type antigens A and B [19]. However, antibody concentration is one thing. Function may be another. Indeed, opsonophagocytic assays is stressed as the future of antibody testing [20].
Revised definitions of polysaccharide responsiveness are to be further explored. But, importantly, the advent of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines does not necessarily end the era of diagnostic pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
The probability of insufficient individual responses' impact on impaired responsiveness frequency. Illustration of impaired responsiveness frequency in fictive populations with different k-values as functions of the numbers of responses examined. The presented k-values are products of the average k-value in the present study (0.23) multiplied by the following multiplicands: A = 1/2, B = 2/3, C = 1, D = 3/2, and E = 2). Impaired responsiveness frequency was calculated as the percentage of the population expected to respond insufficiently to at least 30% of polysaccharides (under the defined conditions). Thus, the percentage expected to have impaired responsiveness when number of responses belonging to "first step" (i.e. 1, 2, or 3 responses) is calculated as 1 minus the probability of producing maximal number of insufficient responses without qualifying for impaired responsiveness. Thus, on the "first step": where m is the number of maximal allowed insufficient responses without qualifying for impaired responsiveness (on the first step no insufficient responses are allowed). An additional subtrahend is added for every subsequent "step"; namely on the "second step" and on the "third step" and so forth. Each subtrahend is given by: where n is the number of responses.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: JMB OSS. Performed the experiments: JMB OSS. Analyzed the data: JMB OSS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMB OSS. Wrote the paper: JMB OSS.
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Small Talk
Noonan aims to reach music milestone in 2001
- Ron Janecke
The musical career of Peter Noonan is about to reach a milestone.
After working in the banking industry for 13 years, Noonan decided in 1995 to devote all his time to a career as a composer and solo pianist.
Sometime this year, Noonan likely will reach $1 million in sales from his CDs, sold under the Wild Orchard Record Co. label. At $10-$15 a CD, that means more than 80,000 units have been sold with the possibility of reaching 100,000 during the coming year.
"That's considered very good for an independent," said Noonan, whose first CD, "Cafe at Aries," was released in 1990.
"It's still the biggest seller," Noonan said of his initial work, which accounts for about half of the total sales.
In addition, Noonan is working on a romantic CD.
"It will be the first time I have put out a CD of this type," he said. "It will include songs that people have heard me play and said they like. I'm looking around for a recording studio at this time. The target date for release is this fall."
Noonan, 40, has played the piano since his days growing up in Springfield, Ill. He comes from a musical family -- all four of his grandparents were involved in music as are his two brothers.
In fact, he and his brothers, Patrick, a composer and guitarist, and Chris, a jazz drummer, are featured on a CD released last year, "Scott's Red Star."
Patrick and Peter collaborated on writing the songs for the CD, which was recorded in Atlanta, where Patrick lives. The CD was dedicated to the Noonan brothers' late cousin, artist Scott McKinley. Peter Noonan was recruited to St. Louis to work in banking, and from 1982-1995, he was at Mercantile (now Firstar), and Boatmen's (now Bank of America), advancing to vice president positions at each bank. In 1999, he was listed in the St. Louis Business Journal's 40 under 40.
"I've been lightly marketing the CDs," he said. "They're in most major record stores and available by mail order or direct mail."
Noonan has a database of 30,000 people who have bought his CDs, and he has established a Web site where CDs can be bought. For every three CDs purchased, a fourth is free.
His public appearances in St. Louis and around the country have helped boost sales. A 1999 tour culminated with two capacity crowds at the Sheldon Concert Hall. He often autographs his CDs at the concerts and the discs often are given as corporate gifts. One year, the St. Louis Convention & Visitors Bureau gave them in gift packet of St. Louis products.
Locust Street Business District, which has been home to such businesses as the Tap Room microbrewery, has hired The Kay Group, an association management firm owned by Bill Kay, to conduct a census of businesses and residents in the district.
The purpose is to build a Web site for the district that basically encompasses the area bounded roughly by Delmar Boulevard, 18th Street, Olive Street and Compton Avenue.
"We're probably going to take a walking tour of the district," Kay said. "We will look at city tax rolls and voters' lists and get a list of the historic buildings from the Landmark Association."
He was contacted by Bob Berger, chairman of the Locust Business District board of commissioners, and Brad Hamilton, who does marketing for the group on the project, which is likely to take about two months. Kay hopes to have the work completed in March.
"We are aiming for complete accuracy," he said. "And we'll be keeping it up-to-date and maintaining it for them."
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Earthy, comforting cauliflower soup is topped with light, cheesy fritters.


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What's there not to like - everything was top notch, food and service, facilities. A sprawling resort with varied activities for all ages. Very attentive staff. The word "no" in their vocabulary - they make it happen. When we ask for something not in the menu, they check with their kitchen and after 20 minutes - voila - it's on your table. The waiters/waitresses seem to know what we need by the 2nd day of our stay. We ordered native cocoa drinks for breakfast at Tides each day. On our last day, we switched to Acqua and when our waiter knew this, he walked from Tides to Acqua to serve us our cocoa drink. His gesture really touched us. Little touches like these are what made our vacation memorable.
If you own or manage Tides at Shangri-La's Mactan Resort & Spa, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Ronald Mivule: UMI's convocation bossRonald Mivule chairperson UMI alumni He is sipping at his mango juice at the Park Royal arcade when we arrive. He had called us, while our motorcycle snaked through the evening Kampala traffic jam, to remind us he had arrived at the venue of the ... The Observer Uganda, 23 hours ago |
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Obama's popularity equivalent to Ronald Reagan's, say analystsApr 27, 2:51 pm Washington, Apr. 27 ( ANI ): US President Barack Obama has reached the popularity level of the former President Ronald Reagan , according to analysts, as Obama's job approval rating stands at 46.4 percent, his highest mark ... Ani News, 11 hours ago
Obama equals Ronald Reagan popularity as economy, gas prices boost job approval
Washington Times, 20 hours ago
Early Signs of Alzheimer's Analyzed With Former US President Ronald Reagan's Speech
Med India, 3 weeks ago
US college students do not know who Ronald Reagan wasSource: Pravda.Ru photo archive College students at a US-based top taxpayer-funded universities were caught flatfooted when they were asked to identify former US President Ronald Reagan. Media Research Center TV reporter Dan Joseph went to ... Pravda, 11 hours ago
Oh Geez: University Of Maryland Students Cannot Identify Ronald Reagan
Town Hall, 1 day ago
VIDEO: College Students Can't Recognize Ronald Reagan
Accuracy in Academia, 3 days ago
College Students Have No Idea Who Ronald Reagan Is [VIDEO]
Daily Caller, 3 days ago
Surgeon and wife face cattle cruelty chargesRonald and Susan Gristwood, 63, both of Glen Osmond, have each been charged with the ill treatment of an animal. The charges relate to 29 allegedly underfed cattle and the claimed neglect of an entire herd at their Hindmarsh Tiers property between ... NEWS.com.au, 15 hours ago
Couple faces cattle cruelty charges
Weekly Times Now, 11 hours ago
Mavericks down Rockets to stay alive in NBA playoffs09.36 am Getty/AFP / Ronald Martinez Charlie Villanueva (R) of the Dallas Mavericks reacts after making a 3-pointer against the Houston Rockets, during Game 4 of the Western Conference quarter-finals of the NBA playoffs, at American Airlines ... Citizen.co.za, 13 hours ago
Benedicta Rebello (84), Shivabagh (Bendore) / USAfrom Ronald Rasquinha Benedicta Rebello (84), wife of the late Felix Rebello, Shivabagh, Kadri, mother of Fr Leslie (SJ), Lancy, Lydia, Belinda, Maureen, Rositor, Dr Brian and Dr Vernon, passed away on April 25, 2015 in USA. Funeral on ... Daijiworldcom, 16 hours ago
In need of funds for kidney transplantTwo years ago, Ronald Mpairwe's life was smooth and he was relatively successful. Then working with Ebo Sacco; a farmers saving scheme in Mbarara, Mpairwe had some savings and had acquired some plots of land. One morning, he woke up feeling ... Uganda Daily Monitor, 22 hours ago
MONDAY FOCUS: Slavisa Jokanovic a name to look out forTHERE is Jose and Arsene, Louis and Manuel, Mauricio and Ronald, and Roberto and Dick. There has never been a Slavisa in charge of a Premier League club but there will be now. And when it comes to combining tactical nous on the touchline with a ... Scottish Daily Express, 23 hours ago
Ronald Koeman moves past Pochettino as Saints draw with SpursSouthampton manager Ronald Koeman believes it was a fantastic game against Tottenham Hotspur, and both teams played to win it. In a game that ran the risk of becoming a sideshow given Mauricio Pochettino's return to St. Mary's, it was a relief to ... ESPN Soccernet, 7 hours ago
Ronald Koeman Optimistic of Europa League Qualification After Spurs Draw
FTBpro, 1 day ago
Southampton's Toby Alderweireld claims squad are solely focused on qualifying for Europe
Irish Mirror, 23 hours ago
Chelsea starlet Patrick Bamford on Ronald Koeman's radar as Southampton boss plots summer swoop
Irish Mirror, 1 day ago
More from: , ESPN Soccernet...and 4 other sources
Prominent Adelaide specialist Dr Ronald Gristwood faces animal cruelty charges (ABC)A prominent Adelaide ear, nose and throat specialist has been charged with animal cruelty offences over the mistreatment of cattle on Yahoo! News Australia, 13 hours ago


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Allegheny County gets $980,000 to help end hospital readmissions
Medicare patients with chronic conditions at five area hospitals will be monitored by Allegheny County "coaches" looking to reduce readmissions, the county's Area Agency on Aging said Thursday.
Agency workers will educate up to 2,900 patients a year at Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Valley Hospital, Forbes Regional Hospital, Ohio Valley General Hospital and Jefferson Regional Medical Center, said Mary Phan-Gruber, the agency's deputy administrator.
The workers will visit patients before discharge and provide a follow-up visit at home as well as several phone calls in the month after discharge. They will teach patients how to manage their medications and identify symptoms of their illness to head off the need for a return hospital visit.
For each patient it helps, the county will receive a payment from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, up to $980,000 a year for two years, Phan-Gruber said.
Hospital readmissions was a key cause of rising medical costs identified in last year's Trib investigation, "Code Green: Bleeding Dollars."
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Kristan Svitak held the Kill The Kool art show at the Oceanside Museum of Art last Friday celebrating the influence of 1980s skateboarding and punk rock.
1031 Skateboards riders Rick Rossi, Kristian Svitak, Trent Hazelwood, and Matt Tomasello blaze through New York City for a weekend of around-the-clock, high-speed street destruction.
Kristain Svitak just released some his home videos from 1988-97 for 1031 skateboards. Watch them here.
Bill has always been creative and gnarly and this part is a great reminder: Skate however the hell you want to skate. Svitak introduces a classic from the 1989 Alva vid.
Black Label just put up Kristian Svitak's part from their second full length video, "Blackout" released in 2003. Watch it here.
Jeremy Fish Art Show Austin, TX Apr 11 |
CONS Project: Boston Boston,MA Apr 11 |
CONS Project: Toronto Toronto, Canada Apr 11 |
Dirty Fences & The Shrine Oakland, CA Apr 11 |
Crailtap Warehouse Sale Carson,CA Apr 18 |
Vans "Propeller" Premiere Los Angeles,CA Apr 21 |


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- Publisher: Nintendo
- Release Date: Nov 21, 2010
- Critic Score
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Jan 6, 2011It's on like Donkey Kong once more! This game just oozes the vibe of the old platformgames, and in some ways it feels even more fluid than the original series. The co-op doesn't add much though and the rolling and blowing that you can activate by shaking the Wii-controller sometimes feels contrived or downright irritating.
Dec 10, 2010It's a hardcore challenge for the hardcore gamer, and because of its difficulty, it offers an amazing sense of satisfaction when you've completed a level that's kicked your butt five ways to Sunday.
Dec 10, 2010It's Oldschool in every aspect – very challenging, but worth every frustrating moment.
Dec 10, 2010Donkey Kong Country Returns hits all the right spots; it's filled with childhood nostalgia, stunning visuals, and mentally taxing challenges.
Mar 17, 2011It looks and sounds wonderful, it feels great when you play it, it's tons of fun and full of surprises.
Feb 25, 2011Fans of classic 2D games, or the original DKC games, owe it to themselves to pick up this amazing return to the franchise. The difficulty is the one area that may throw some gamers for a loop, but with the ability to let the game play itself it becomes a non-issue.
Feb 16, 2011In the end Donkey Kong Country Returns is, in my opinion, a long awaited return to a franchise that needed updating. Fear not, DK fans, this title is for you.
Feb 6, 2011Levels are fun to play, with a good variety of play mechanics and ever escalating challenge that keeps you pushing for a ridiculously large improvement in your skillbase, only to find an even harder chunk of gameplay around the corner.
Jan 25, 2011Everything about Donkey Kong Country Returns is so fluid and smooth. Retro constantly surprises players with new game mechanics, striking set pieces and tons of Donkey Kong charm. This title is quite possibly the definitive side-scrolling platform experience for Wii.
Jan 16, 2011Donkey Kong Country Returns definitely has its faults, and we'd wager that the majority of players will never see it all the way through to the end. Yet while the difficulty curve is ridiculous and the multiplayer is quite broken, the game's charm and mystery prevails, giving us some of the same feelings that the original releases did. If you're looking for a serious challenge and don't get frustrated too easily, Donkey Kong Country Returns is worth a look.
Jan 10, 2011Donkey Kong Country Returns is a fantastic return to the origins of the series.
Jan 10, 2011Donkey Kong is back with a stunning masterpiece signed by Retro Studios. It features marvellous graphics, sounds and a gameplay that will make DK's fans feel in heaven. A must-have for every Wii owner.
Jan 6, 2011Behind the warm and inviting visuals lies a treacherously difficult platform game. But Donkey Kong Country Returns is as fun as it is hard, and goes to show that the old school 2D platformer is alive and well. There are plenty of gimmicks and new ideas along the way to keep things fresh, and the graphics are absolutely gorgeous.
Jan 5, 2011Donkey Kong Country Returns is almost the perfect continuation of the series in many ways. It manages to offer the perfect balance of old and new elements to form what has to be one of the Wii console's finest platforming experiences and a game that should challenge even seasoned fans of the genre.
Jan 5, 2011If I had to pick out one glaring fault with Donkey Kong Country Returns, it would be the lack of classic controller support. Old school gamers will be disappointed that it wasn't included, but will be able to adapt to the new controls. However, the rest of the game really fires on all cylinders; dare I say, better than New Super Mario Bros.
Jan 4, 2011Even though some things were changed or completely removed (notably the underwater levels), DKC Returns feels a lot like the game we played back in 1994. Needless to say, its a great comeback for our favorite ape.
Jan 3, 2011Quotation forthcoming.
Jan 3, 2011Charming and beautiful, the return of the Kong is almost everything we could have hoped for.
Jan 3, 2011Retro Studios has again recovered a veteran Nintendo series with the same result: an excelent game. A beautiful, long, difficult addictive, enjoyable and replayable game which respect Rareware's original works, but adds new features, and gameplay-wise is solid as a stone.
Jan 3, 2011Jungle's king comes back in one of the best platform games for Wii. Reinvented, implacable and intrepid, the return of Donkey Kong Country is the best posible thanks to a company that shows its talent again: Retro Studios.
Jan 3, 2011One of the best 2D platforms game in the last years.Varied game, full of possibilities and long. Donkey Kong Country Returns has a polished gameplay and briliant artistic designs in the return of the most famous virtual monkey.
Jan 3, 2011An excellent 2D hardcore platform that will keep you entertained for a very long period. Good luck if you dare to complete every single level of his eight worlds at 100%.
Jan 2, 20112D platforming is still alive. Retro Studios' latest effort is honest even with its own title: it may not do anything new, but it's just as good as it was sixteen years ago.
Jan 2, 2011Longtime fans of gorilla that waited patiently for a return of the acclaimed series Country can get excited, because Returns is very worthy of its title.
Jan 1, 2011Retro's re-design of Donkey Kong Country is a major accomplishment to reignite your love for the big ape. Although before you run out a purchase Donkey Kong Country Returns keep in mind this game has an above-average difficulty level that could frustrate the little ones who might be lured in by its colourful cover art.
Jan 1, 2011Minor quibbles aside though this is a fantastic game, Retro Studios have once again, like they did with Metroid, revived a long dead franchise successfully.
Jan 1, 2011Donkey Kong Country Returns starts strong and offers a great gaming experience to players of any age. That's no small feat but it seems Nintendo has been doing it a lot lately.
Dec 22, 2010Both Donkey Kong and Diddy are making a huge comeback and will fill you up with a nostalgic feeling. This game is great to introduce newer generations with the classic Donkey Kong gameplay elements.
Dec 21, 2010I cannot recommend this enough to folks who have some platforming chops. It's hard as hell, but incredibly rewarding and genuinely fun.
Dec 18, 2010Donkey Kong Country Returns is the best 2-D platform game I've played in ages. Its level design meets the gold standard set by the 2-D Mario games. Retro Studios can add another feather to its cap.
User score distribution:
Positive: 72 out of 84
Mixed: 7 out of 84
Negative: 5 out of 84
Nov 25, 2010
Nov 21, 2010
Nov 22, 2010


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The Malik Report
Can Brendan Smith Be More Defensive?
by Paul on 09/19/13 at 04:29 PM ET
Comments (0)
from Bill Roose of DetroitRedWings.com,
Brendan Smith entered his 'full' NHL season with a reputation for being an offensive defenseman, but the Red Wings would like for him to modify his game.
Red Wings coach Mike Babcock has instructed Smith to be more responsible on defense and less offensive-minded, which often times led to turnovers last season.
"Be a real good defender, a real good penalty-killer, a real good puck guy, who moves the puck quickly," Babcock said. "The offensive stuff will look after itself, but less plays where you force something. Just play simple."
More than three years ago, Smith was the talk of a college hockey world infatuated with his offensive acumen. In his third and final season at the University of Wisconsin, Smith was the only defenseman to finish among the nation's top 65 scorers. His 52 points, which included 15 goals, ranked him No. 9 in the country and put him in the running for the Hobey Baker Award that year.
The adjustment will take some getting used to, Smith said.
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Excellent find!
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($60) Deep ruby. Sexy aromas of black raspberry, violet, olive and black pepper, plus a subtle smoky quality. Sweet, open-knit red and dark berry flavors are complicated by notes of baking spices and a hint of candied flowers. Gains weight with air and finishes with very good mineral cut and lingering, seductive florality.
Author: Josh RaynoldsProfessional content appears courtesy of Vinfolio
The 2007 St.-Joseph exhibits gorgeous raspberry fruit intermixed with spring flowers. Medium-bodied and complex, it could easily be mistaken for a top-notch red Burgundy.
Author: Robert ParkerProfessional content appears courtesy of Vinfolio
Dark, but stylish and alluring, with a whiff of espresso giving way quickly to pure black cherry, damson plum and red currant fruit that glides over fine-grained tannins. The long, iron- and violet-filled finish just sails on, with excellent precision.
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Kukla's Korner Hockey
Los Angeles Kings win the Stanley Cup
by George Malik on 06/14/14 at 12:28 AM ET
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Alec Martinez just scored the game-winning goal in double overtime.
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Rated 5 out of 5 stars
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This user has a previous review of this add-on.Rated 5 out of 5 stars
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Post Content
The MBTA today runs more weekday bus trips while spending much less on employee overtime compared to 2005.
Today, because the T has hired more bus drivers and mechanics, the actual number of bus trips being run each weekday is 41 MORE than that of a typical weekday in 2005 (from 2,750 to 2,791)
In FY 2005, just before Dan Grabauskas became T General Manager, $36.8 million was spent on overtime. In FY09, overtime spending is projected to be $19 million. The MBTA has reduced overtime spending while improving service and keeping total employee headcount below the level approved by the MBTA Board of Directors. Comparisons below.
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Green Line Extension Station Design Meetings Set posted on Apr 27
MassDOT and the MBTA are hosting two public meetings this spring to provide an update on the design of four stations as part of the Green Line Extension project. The meetings and stations in discussion are as follows: Thursday, May 14, 6:00 – 8:00 PM: …Continue Reading Green Line Extension Station Design Meetings Set
MBTA Green Line First Countdown Signs Live in Newton posted on Apr 25
Transportation Secretary Stephanie Pollack announced that the MBTA Green Line's first countdown signs have been activated at Newton Centre and Newton Highlands Stations on the D branch. "These signs provide customers with additional information that they haven't had before, making customers' commutes more predictable," said Secretary …Continue Reading MBTA Green Line First Countdown Signs Live in Newton
Massachusetts Walk and Bike to School Day: May 6th posted on Apr 23
The day is approaching quickly! On Wednesday, May 6th, thousands of elementary and middle school students will participate in hundreds of events within Massachusetts communities as they walk and bike to school. Massachusetts Walk and Bike to School Day is a statewide event through the …Continue Reading Massachusetts Walk and Bike to School Day: May 6th


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Sixthriver picked to renovate downtown historic building
Texas Public Policy Foundation has selected Austin-based Sixthriver Architects to renovate a roughly 12,000-square-foot historic building near the capitol building, the firm announced Thursday.
The public policy think tank is using the building at 916 Congress Ave. as its headquarters. The project includes refinishing the existing structure, expanding the back of the building, adding two floors and a roof deck. The project is estimated to be between 11,500 square feet and 13,500 square feet, depending upon the final design.
"We are thrilled to be a part of the Texas Public Policy Foundation design project," Sixthriver President Roland Roessner said.
Established in 1994, Sixthriver Architects offers services in tenant development, vision building, interior design and architecture. The firm has worked on projects such as Austin Music Hall, Texas Medical Liability Trust headquarters and Barrett Honors College - a student housing project at Arizona State University.
Roessner said that the firm will be working with other companies in real estate-related businesses such as Stream Realty, Bay and Associates, Haynes Whaley and Associates and Van Norman LLC.
"We have solid expertise in understanding land development code, and zoning-related issues as well as strong relationships with the City of Austin on ground-up and expansion projects," said Jeff Needles, who is managing the project for Sixthriver Architects.
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COPENHAGEN, April 14 (Reuters) - IT provider Computer Sciences Corp will cut 350 staff members of its 3,500-strong Nordic workforce, the U.S. technology consultancy said on Tuesday.
tier include Capgemini CAP, Computer Sciences CSC , CGI Group GIB/GIB.A ..... global delivery capabilities. Computer Sciences Because of past management missteps ..... services--we don't believe CSC has an economic moat. However
Government Money Market Fund;Capital 1.40 Lincoln National Corp 1.10 CareFusion Corp 0.96 Allstate Corp 0.90 Computer Sciences Corp 0.90 Brunswick Corp 0.88 Ashland Inc 0.83 PG&E Corp 0.72 Pinnacle West Capital Corp 0.71 Ametek Inc
articles/SB50001424053111903849404580057642727256462?mod=BOL_twm_fs Bearish stories: Twitter [ TWTR ; pg 16]; Computer Sciences [ CSC ; pg 16]; Amazon [ AMZN ; its $9.99 e-books may be killing the print publishing business but they are also adding to its losses
Good day, everyone, and welcome to the CSC Fourth Quarter 2014 Earnings Conference Call. Today's call is ..... Good afternoon to everyone. I'm pleased you have joined us for CSC 's fourth quarter and fiscal year 2014 earnings call and webcast
MasterCard MA. The news wasn't all bad, though, with nice surprises out of Chipolte Mexican Grill CMG, Computer Sciences CSC , and Zynga ZNGA. The economic news was also very mixed. Durable-goods orders, sometimes a good predictor
and the board is buying back shares. Computer Sciences CSC Rating: 5 Stars Moat: Narrow Computer Sciences has been operating overseas since the ..... disruption we see in lesser firms. Although CSC 's commercial business has been under
purchase written down by 50%+; pg 19]; media company Scripps Network Interactive [ SNI ; pg 21; see link below]; Computer Sciences [ CSC ; shedding traditional businesses and expanding in cloud computing; pg 22]; CST Brands [ CST ; May spinoff from VLO ; 1,875 retail
Computer Sciences Corporation , or CSC , reported first-quarter results on Tuesday that moderately ..... rating for the company. Through its latest comeback effort, CSC has endeavored to reduce costs and stabilize earnings by expanding
Computer Sciences Corporation CSC reported fiscal fourth-quarter results ..... to expand in the coming quarters. CSC 's fourth-quarter revenue declined ..... demand environment remains stable and CSC 's poor results are largely due to


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Senior Web Engineer Jobs in England |
Jobs 1 to 2 of 2Senior Windows/Web Engineer - Windows, PowerShell, IIS
London -
An opportunity has arisen with a world leading Ecommerce Company for a Senior Windows/Web Engineer(Windows, PowerShell, IIS) to join a team in automating a lot of the infrastructure inclusive of the setting up of new IIS servers for their 600+ live web sites, and counting. On joining, the...
Rate: £300 - £400 per day
Posted: 3 days ago
Senior Web Systems Engineer - IIS, Windows, Web
London -
NFP Group Ltd
An Excellent opportunity has arisen with a world leading financial firm, based in the heart of the city, for a Senior Windows Engineer (IIS, Windows, Web) to join a team in supporting all of the many web farms that host the companies web pages and sites globally. On joining, the...
Salary: £50000 - £65000 per annum + Bonus + Benefits
Posted: 24 days ago


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Literature & Websites
EC&M Teams with Thomas Industrial Network® to Introduce New and Improved Manufacturer and Supplier Directory for the Electrical Industry
August 19, 2010OVERLAND PARK, KS (August 19, 2010) Penton Media's EC&M (www.ecmweb.com), the nation's leading publication serving the Electrical Contractor, Plant/Facility MRO and Electrical Engineering communities, now provides an in-depth online directory that brings instant access to hundreds of manufacturers and thousands of... Read More
Beaver Aerospace & Defense Launches New and Improved Website
August 19, 2010Livonia, Michigan - Beaver Aerospace & Defense, Inc., a global leader in the design and manufacturing of unique and broad-range actuation technologies, launched a new and improved web site today, which includes new product and service categories for Beaver's award-winning electromechanical actuators and ball... Read More
Haydon Kerk Motion Solutions Introduces Online Prototype Ordering for 24 Hour Shipment
August 18, 2010Waterbury CT - Haydon Kerk Motion Solutions, Inc., a premier manufacturer of engineered linear motion products, introduces the Haydon Kerk Engineering Development Center, offering customers the ability to order online from a standard listing of prototype parts available for 24 hour shipment. The online ordering... Read More
New Alcatel-Lucent Book "The Shift" Maps the Future of Web 2.0 and the Role of Service Providers in It
August 18, 2010Market Research Highlights How New Global Business Models are Key to Success; $100 Billion in Potential New Revenue in the U.S. Market Alone CABLELABS SUMMER CONFERENCE 2010, KEYSTONE, Colorado, August 16, 2010 - Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) today announced the book launch of The Shift: The... Read More
Ultrachem Updates Leading Online Industry Resource of Synthetic Lubricants for Industrial Maintenance and OEM Applications
August 18, 2010New Castle, DE - August 16, 2010 - Ultrachem Inc. has updated its online synthetic lubricant resource guide at www.ultracheminc.com to include new information on food grade, high pressure and gas compression lubricants. An extensive synthetic lubricants cross-reference guide makes it easy for knowledgeable... Read More
Distributed I/O Brochure Details TURCK's In-Cabinet and Machine-Mount I/O Solutions
August 18, 2010Minneapolis - August 12, 2010 - TURCK announces its new Distributed I/O Brochure, which encompasses TURCK's broad line of machine-mount and in-cabinet distributed I/O solutions, along with its BL ident® RFID system. This concise resource provides an overview of TURCK's modular and block I/O systems, with modules... Read More
LECO Releases Application Data from Recent Oil Spill
August 18, 2010St. Joseph, Michigan - LECO has released a new application note highlighting the analysis of two petroleum samples obtained from the recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Using a Pegasus® 4D GCxGC-TOFMS with GERSTEL autosampler and ChromaTOF® software, the analyst was able to resolve and identify an unprecedented... Read More
Henkel Turns To YouTube to Ease Anaerobic Anxiety...
August 18, 2010Loctite® How-To Videos Illustrate Simplicity of Anaerobic Adhesives and Sealants Rocky Hill, Conn. - August 16, 2010... To answer common questions and educate users on the simplicity of Loctite® brand anaerobic adhesives and sealants, Henkel Corporation - has introduced a series of short videos that will appear on... Read More
EasyHeat Releases Full Line Heating Cable Catalog
August 17, 2010ROSEMONT, IL, August 11, 2010 -- EasyHeat, a business unit of Emerson Industrial Automation, is pleased to announced the release of a comprehensive new catalog showcasing its full line of pipe tracing, roof and gutter de-icing, snow melting, floor warming, and thermal storage products for residential and commercial... Read More
Count On Tools Announces Redesigned PB Swiss Tools Storefront
August 17, 2010GAINESVILLE, GA - August 2010 - Count On Tools Inc., a leading provider of precision components and SMT spare parts, recently redesigned its PB Swiss Tools storefront to coordinate with the manufacturer's new marketing strategy "Work with the best." The new site, located at www.pbtools.us, features fresh new... Read More
New Gore White Paper Explains the Complexities of Selecting the Right Cable System for Signal Integrity and Durability/2010
August 17, 2010LANDENBERG, PA, AUGUST 12, 2010 - A new white paper from W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., presents a systematic approach that design engineers can follow to ensure that a cable system will provide reliable performance in demanding environments and mission-critical applications. According to author Paul Warren, W. L... Read More
Thermo Fisher Scientific Enables Rapid and Accurate Analysis of Selenium in Shampoo
August 17, 2010Ensuring Compliance with EU Cosmetic Products Legislation CAMBRIDGE, UK., (August 12, 2010) - Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., the world leader in serving science, today released a new method guide for the analysis of selenium in shampoo. The method, which aligns with the European Union commission directive 97/73/EEC... Read More
Molex Launches Valuable Online Resource for the Connector Industry
August 17, 2010Connector.com offers news and perspective from Molex industry experts; informational videos and real-time industry twitter feeds LISLE, IL - August 16, 2010 - Molex Incorporated has launched Connector.com, a new interactive blog site that will provide users with access to the latest connector industry news, trends... Read More
APS Novastar Releases New Video on SMT Stencil Printers for PCB Assembly
August 17, 2010Huntingdon Valley, PA - August 10, 2010 - APS Novastar is pleased to announce the release of its new video covering its SPR line of Stencil Printers for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. This short video, posted on the APS Novastar web site (http://www.apsgold.com/aps/stencil-printer-video.htm), as well as the... Read More
New Brochure Describes Premium Efficiency Fan Motors for Cartridge Dust Collectors
August 17, 2010Jonesboro, Ark., August 2010 - Camfil Farr Air Pollution Control (APC) has published a brochure on its new line of premium efficiency fan motors, which offer operational and energy cost savings and green benefits to dust collector users at a comparable price to conventional motors. The premium efficiency motors now... Read More
Abanaki Publishes Expanded Oil Skimming Solutions Sourcebook
August 17, 2010Second edition covers 40 real-world oil skimming applications Cleveland, OH, August 5, 2010 - Abanaki Corporation, the world leader in oil skimming and coolant maintenance products, announced the second-edition of its Solutions Sourcebook for oil skimming applications. The newly expanded 43-page handbook offers... Read More
Bead Electronics Launches New Website
August 17, 2010Bead Electronics, a division of Bead Industries, launched a new website, at www.beadelectronics.com, dedicated to providing engineers and purchasing agents with an online resource for innovative, cost-effective and custom interconnect pins. Ron Andreoli, President of Bead Industries, describes his enthusiasm about... Read More
ProComSol Launches New Video Channel
August 17, 2010LAKEWOOD, Ohio, Aug. 12 - ProComSol, Ltd (www.procomsol.com) today announced the launch of a new video channel on YouTube. According to Jeffrey Dobos, President of ProComSol, Ltd, "The new video channel enables us to highlight the capabilities of our products and the value our customers receive from using them. We... Read More
Ethernet Direct Pioneers in Providing Free Technical Knowledge in Industrial Ethernet through Educational Link
August 17, 2010Taipei, Taiwan, 2 August, 2010 - Ethernet Direct Corporation, a professional and primary provider of industrial networking and communication solutions, offers a comprehensive way to increase technical knowledge in Industrial Ethernet through an automated and user-friendly learning platform for Industrial Ethernet... Read More
Developing A Policy for Material Handling Safety
August 16, 2010Material handling magazine offers a guide for writing an employee safety policy Dewitt, NY - The Third Quarter 2010 issue of The MHEDA Journal (http://www.themhedajournal.org), the leading online magazine for the forklift, storage and handling, and general material handling equipment industries, features an article... Read More


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"This is a quick and easy side dish recipe for boiled sweet potatoes mashed with butter, garlic, basil, and thyme."
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We are planning our first trip to Disney at the end of January 2013. There will be a total of 7 adults and 2 kids (ages 4 & 5) on this trip. We will be using my MIL's bluegreen points, hence we are staying at one of these two locations. I would appreciate any insight or preference for either. We are going for a Monday-Saturday. Planning on going to Disney for 3 days. Which is less driving time from the resort to the parks? This is all new to us and I appreciate any help you can give!
Bluegreen Fountains Resort, definitely! It's a bigger Resort & has got alot more amenities. It's got 2 pools, one of which is massive! You need to have a good look on Trip Adviser! It's on the end of International Drive that is closer to Disney. But i'm unsure of how long it will take to drive to it.. 15 minutes? Heres a link to Google Maps where i've highlighted the distance between them - http://g.co/maps/jw96d The Resort suites are undergoing a refurbishment at the moment so i'd highly suggest requesting 'building 10' or 'buildings 3 or 4' as the suites in them have already been remodelled/refurbished (however i'm not sure if all the suites in buildings 3 & 4 have been done yet), but buildings 3 & 4 suites are more modern & 'deluxe'.
The Fountains is much closer to WDW and you don't have to go on I-4 to get there. It's also larger, has snazzier pools, and there are activities on Lake Eve (Canoeing and paddle boats and stuff). And it's a lot noisier , at least when we go (May). Might not be true when school's out, since Sunshine is right across I-4 from Universal Studios, so I suppose there are more teenagers there in the summer. I did not notice noise inside either unit; just talking about noise in the common areas. The Fountains is much busier, with more kids running in the "halls" and the like. At the Fountains, if you want to be in buildings three or four (oldest units but recently refurbished; have a view of Lake Eve), be sure and get the units that sleep 8 ("Deluxe"). The units that sleep six in those two buildings are the smallest on site ("standard"). Buildings 3 and 4 are closest to the indoor/outdoor pool and the club house, which is nice, but it means parking there can be a bit of a pain -- we ended up parking over by building 5 a lot when we were in building 4. The ones that are just "2 BR" on the Bluegreen reservation site are the most common. They're in buildings 2, 5-8, and possibly 10. They're smaller than Deluxe but larger than Standard. Building 5 also has a view of Lake Eve, or at least most of it does, while 2, 6, 7 and 8 face the pond they call "Lake Opal" -- 2 is just across a little finger of it from Wakoola Springs, so closest to the pool area aside from building 10. Building ten you're facing either the road (the building is on a hill above it and a fair ways back) or Wakoola Springs, the big pool area. The Presidential units are in building 10, as are the Superior units, both of which are points pricey. Building 10 is also outside the gate so before you get to the guardhouse, if that matters to you. The Indoor/outdoor pool is heated; Wakoola Springs, the big lobed pool, is not. There's a water play area, which is also zero entry, in one of the lobes of Wakoola Springs, and two big twisty slides in another lobe. Hot tubs (plus jetted tubs in the units), kiddie pool, all that. There are a couple of regular playgrounds, one at the end of building 2 and one in between buildings 7 and 8. There are organized activities every day, parties at the pool and tie-dying t-shirts and stuff, don't remember how extensive they are. Orlando Sunshine has only two buildings, is not gated (guards do patrol the resort, though), and may not feel as "resortish" because the grounds are basically the rectangle between the buildings and that's it. Pool, hot tub, tennis court with a basketball hoop, tiny lawn, bit of landscaping around the edges. Then again, we actually did more of the activities there than when we were at the Fountains because we were on the bottom floor of Building one, meaning the kids could run out the screen door in the back and they were right there. However that's only true of a very few units; everyone else has to exit their unit on the other side and go around the building to the pool, which is kind of a pain but you're still closer to the pool than you would be in most units at the Fountains. Dead basic pool; no slide, nothin'. Hot tub is great, though, has a little waterfall. We liked both, but I'd stay at the Fountains if I was going to spend most of my time at WDW.


text: Suitable for every occasion, this Hauck Spirit Buggy and Raincover is comfortable and versatile.Suitable from birth to 15 kg, this pushchair benefits from a multi-position back rest, 5-point safety harness with comfort sleeves and a useful adjustable leg rest. An extending removable hood and ventilation panel help to keep your little one cool during the warmer months, with a raincover also included in case the weather turns. For ease of use, this pushchair features fixed or swivel front wheels and comfortable foam covered handles. New style, finger-friendly hinges also help to prevent nasty surprises when folding. Useful info:


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In the first months of 2011, the Louisville Metro Council will vote on whether or not they will grant Insight a 15-year extension and continue to serve Jefferson County. That being said, according to the Courier-Journal, Insight has offered free tickets and access to a luxury suite (est. value $5,000 - $10,000) to several Louisville Metro Council members for Friday's basketball game between Louisville and Kentucky. Ethical? You decide.
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