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We've Updated our website. Check it out!
Please check out the new look of our web site.
We have added several new products and more are coming weekly. Let us know what you think. As always, we are interested in hearing your opinions. We are striving to give you the best prices on batteries and supplies around, along with great customer service. www.dynamoelectrics.com Thanks, Chuck firstname.lastname@example.com |
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text: Statistics, Development and Human Rights Session I-Pa 4c How Does Statistical Information Aid the Development of Appropriate Policies in Prisons? Andrew COYLE Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 Statistics, Development and Human Rights How Does Statistical Information Aid the Development of Appropriate Policies in Prisons? Andrew COYLE International Centre for Prison Studies, King's College, University of London 75-79 York Road London SE1 7AW, United Kingdom T. + 44 (0)20 7401 2559 F. + 44 (0)20 7401 2577 firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT How Does Statistical Information Aid the Development of Appropriate Policies in Prisons? Despite the increasing openness which characterises prison administrations in some countries today, prisons remain essentially secret places. To a certain extent, the very nature of the prison demands that this should be so. Yet it is important that those who are responsible for prisons should remember that they carry out their work on behalf of society. At the same time, members of the public have an obligation to make sure that they approve of what is done in their name behind prison walls. The existence of good statistical information about prisoners is an essential prerequisite to ensuring that our prisons are as just, decent, and humane as possible. This article begins by examining the crucial role that the availability of comprehensive statistical information plays in prison management and in the strategic development of better prison practices. It goes on to consider the manner in which external monitors employ statistics to improve prisons. The article concludes with suggestions about areas in which current statistical practices could be improved. RESUME Comment l'information statistique contribue-t-elle au développement de politiques pénitentiaires appropriées ? En dépit de l'ouverture croissante qui caractérise de nos jours les administrations pénitentiaires de certains pays, les prisons restent des lieux essentiellement secrets. Dans une certaine mesure, cependant, la véritable nature de la prison le requiert. Il est néanmoins important que les responsables des prisons gardent bien à l'esprit qu'ils exécutent leur travail au nom de la société. Parallèlement, le public a l'obligation de s'assurer qu'il approuve ce qui est fait en son nom derrière les murs des prisons. L'existence de données statistiques fiables sur les prisonniers constitue un prérequis essentiel permettant de garantir que nos prisons sont les plus justes, les plus décentes et les plus humaines possible. Cet article commence par examiner le rôle crucial de la disponibilité de données statistiques complètes dans la gestion des prisons et dans le développement stratégique de meilleures pratiques pénitentiaires. Il examine également la façon dont les contrôleurs externes exploitent les Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 2 Statistics, Development and Human Rights statistiques en vue d'améliorer les prisons. L'article se termine sur des suggestions concernant les domaines dans lesquels les pratiques statistiques actuelles pourraient être améliorées. 1. Introduction The challenge of treating prisoners in a manner which is decent, humane and just is one which those of us who work in prisons struggle with every day of our professional lives. Throughout 25 years of public service as a prison governor in the United Kingdom I was continuously involved in attempting to improve conditions in prisons in Scotland and England by managing them according to national and international standards. As a result of that experience, I have come to realise that the possession of good statistical information about prisoners is an essential prerequisite to running prisons in a just, decent, and humane manner. Permit me to give you two examples from my own experience. (Coyle, 1994). In the late 1980's Peterhead Prison in Scotland held the prisoners who had been assessed as the most disruptive and dangerous in the Scottish prison system. All of them had been involved in riots, in taking hostages or in escape attempts from other prisons. When I went there as Director in 1988 I walked into a world where there was continual violent confrontation between staff and prisoners. The normal uniform for staff each day included a riot helmet, body armour, and perspex shields. Prisoners were locked up in isolation for 23 hours each day; a number of them wore only blankets and had covered themselves in their own excrement. When we set about the difficult task of changing this coercive environment we concentrated on the key aspect of the human relationship between staff and prisoners. But this was not in itself sufficient. We also had to collect and analyse all available information. Who were these men who had been assessed as the most dangerous and disruptive in the system? What were the facts on which those assessments had been based? How much of the information collected about them was based on fact and how much on suspicion? What did we have to do to make them less dangerous and disruptive in future? My second example comes from Brixton Prison in London, where I became Director in 1991. Brixton was built in 1819 and is the oldest prison in London. When I took command of the prison I found that one large wing held 300 mentally disturbed prisoners, almost all of whom were pre-trial and had been sent to prison for psychiatric reports. The atmosphere in that wing was of a medieval madhouse. All day and all night there was continual shouting, wailing and banging, and an all- pervading stench of stale food, urine and excrement. The prison was being used quite inappropriately for men who should have been in the care of the health services rather than the prison service. As we set about making radical changes, we found once again that we had to collect and analyse whole sets of information. We were helped in our efforts to change the system by two studies which had just been published in England. The first had found that 37% of convicted men and 56% of convicted women in prison in England and Wales suffered from some form of psychiatric disorder. (Gunn et al, 1991). A parallel study of remand prisoners had found that "remands in custody of the mentally disordered were not carried out because of the nature of their offences, but because of their need for social and psychiatric help". (Dell et al, 1991). This study also discovered that a person who was remanded in prison for psychiatric assessment was likely to spend longer in prison awaiting trial than ordinary remand prisoners. These and other pieces of evidence were extremely important for our discussions with other criminal justice and health agencies about why so many mentally disordered people were locked up in prison. Many prison administrators in Europe and elsewhere in the world are faced with these or similar challenges. The purpose of this paper is to examine how people who spend their working lives dealing with prisoners every day use statistical information to introduce humanity into the prison environment. Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 3 Statistics, Development and Human Rights The article begins by examining the crucial role that the availability of comprehensive statistical information plays in prison management and in the strategic development of better prison practices. It goes on to consider the manner in which external monitors employ statistics to improve prisons. The article concludes with suggestions about areas in which current statistical practices could be improved. 2. Statistical Information and the Day to Day Management of Prisons What kind of information do prison administrators need for the proper daily management of prisons? As always in this field, it is helpful to begin this discussion with reference to the international human rights instruments that govern record keeping in prisons. Both Rule 7 of the United Nations Minimum Standards for the Treatment of Prisoners and Rule 8 of the European Prison Rules require that in every place where persons are imprisoned, a registration book must contain information concerning each prisoner's identity, the reasons for commitment to prison and the dates of admission and release. These instruments also require prison authorities to record details of each prisoner's criminal offence as well as his or her physical and mental capacities. These requirements represent the bare minimum of information necessary to manage a prison. The management of a humane prison requires much more. In order to develop and maintain good prison practices, prison administrators must have complete and accurate information about all aspects of prison life including the race and gender of prisoners in their care, all health information and details about daily regimes. Register of Prisoners Compiling an accurate register of prisoners is an essential first step to maintaining security and control in the prison. Without this information, prison administrators could not perform their most important duties: keeping untried prisoners separate from convicted prisoners, keeping young prisoners separated from adults, keeping women separate from men and keeping petty offenders separated from prisoners who have committed serious offences. Keeping accurate records of receptions into prisons can also help prison managers to plan for the future. Statistics from past years or months can assist in predicting the number of prisoners likely to be admitted at certain points. With this knowledge, reception staff can then make sure that essential items such as food, clothing and bedding are on hand. The first piece of information needed for every new prisoner is the legal warrant for his or her detention. This warrant should state the date of first detention and also the date on which the warrant expires. The prison director has no right to hold any prisoner for whom there is no warrant executed by the proper legal authorities. Information about the length of time that individual prisoners will be in custody will also be useful to the authorities in planning regimes which are appropriate for the needs of these prisoners. Information about the date of release means that the authorities can help prisoners to prepare for this in a way which will facilitate their return to civil society. I remember having a discussion a number of years ago with a senior prison official in a developing country about what was needed to drive forward the process of prison reform in that country. When asked what his first priority would be, the official replied that it would be to have a computer in every prison linked to headquarters. This seemed rather a luxury in a system which had difficulty in providing every prisoner with the basic necessities of life. The official had a logical answer. It was that many of the problems of the prison system in that country were caused by high levels of overcrowding. The majority of prisoners were awaiting trial. Because of poor record keeping many of them missed their due date to appear in court and an equally large number were Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 4 Statistics, Development and Human Rights held beyond their due date of release. The official argued that a proper computer system would allow his officials to make sure that everyone arrived in court on the proper day and that everyone was released at the proper time. His case was that, in addition to meeting the demands of justice, this would result in a significant reduction in the pressure on the prison system and an improvement in conditions for prisoners. The failure to keep a complete register of prisoners can have dire consequences, as is illustrated by an incident that ocurred last year in West Bengal, India. Prison officials there discovered a man who spent 37 years as an inmate at the state Presidency Jail without ever coming to trial. (Press Trust of India Limited, 7/12/99). The prisoner had been accused of murder in 1962, but his trial was postponed after he was found mentally unsound. Afterwards, prison officials simply forgot about him. It was only when the National Human Rights Commission brought his case to the attention of local authorities in December 1999 that he was transferred from the jail to a psychiatric hospital. He had been imprisoned since January 28, 1962. Health Care in Prisons At the beginning of this article I made specific reference to my own experience with mentally disordered prisoners. Prison directors the world over could tell of similar experiences. Consideration of health matters in prison goes far beyond mental health. The international human rights instruments make it clear that prisoners are entitled to medical treatment of the same quality as that received by the rest of the community. For example, Principle 9 of the UN Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners provides that "Prisoners shall have access to the health services available in the country without discrimination on the grounds of their legal situation". Without complete information about the health of prisoners, prison staff cannot implement appropriate policies for treating illness or controlling communicable disease. In many countries prisons have levels of overcrowding which are simply unbelievable, with prisoners spending long periods locked in poorly ventilated cells with hardly any natural light and little access to sanitation. In such environments it is no surprise that disease and ill-health flourish. The efforts of statisticians in collecting information about health in prisons have resulted in great publicity about the spread of diseases like tuberculosis, hepatitis and AIDS. In Russia 96,000 prisoners, almost 10% of the total, are estimated to have active TB. (GUIN Report, 1999). In Puerto Rico, where there are eleven and a half thousand prisoners, 94% have Hepatitis C. This figure sounds unbelievable but it comes from a study by the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta published in 1999. In Brazil in some prisons one in five of the prisoners has HIV infection. They do not have enough doctors so prisoners are given the job of caring for those with AIDS. (Amnesty International, 1999). In the United States more than one quarter of a million of their nearly 2 million prisoners have a mental illness, according to a report released by the Department of Justice. (U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1999). Publication of these facts about public health epidemics in prisons enables prison administrators to appeal to government ministers for more resources. Race In almost all countries ethnic minority groups are over–represented in prisons. In some countries it will be black people, in others Roma or gypsies, in others aboriginals or other indigenous groups. Prison managers have to be constantly aware of the number of minorities in prison and to be vigilant about the potential for disparities in treatment. England and Wales provides a good case study. The number of men and women from ethnic minority groups in English prisons is out of all proportion to their numbers in the general population. In 1998, black people made up 11.8 per cent Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 5 Statistics, Development and Human Rights of the prison population compared with under 2 per cent of the general population. (Research Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office, 1999). In other words, for every 100,000 persons in the general population there were 185 white persons in prison, 160 people of Asian descent and 1,245 black people. (Prison Statistics, England and Wales, 1998). These figures need to be pointed out to police, prosecutors and judges who are responsible for putting people through a criminal justice process which leads to imprisonment. But the problem of race does not end at the prison gate. What goes on inside prisons must also be scrutinised. In the Prison Service for England and Wales, this important task falls to the Race Relations Committee which exists in every prison. This is a cross-professional group whose purpose is to address racially motivated incidents and ensure that all prisoners have equal opportunities to use facilities and services. It is the task of the Race Relations Officer at each prison to collect statistics and to report back to the Committee. There are several sets of data which help this committee to find out whether there is racial disparity in the treatment of prisoners. One is the racial break down of the number of prisoners who are subject to disciplinary sanctions. In England and Wales not only are minorities over-represented in the general population; they are also over-represented in punishment and segregation units. The United Kingdom is not alone in this respect. In the United States, nearly 15% of black federal prisoners are held in maximum security segregation, as compared to 7.9% of white federal prisoners. (U.S. Department of Justice, 1998). Another way of assessing racial equality or disparity is to examine how the most coveted work assignments are made. Working in the kitchen, for example, is a popular assignment in many prisons. Being a wing orderly is another popular placement. In contrast to proportions in the punishment unit, it may be that majority ethnic groupings are over-represented in these areas. As with many other aspects of prison life, it is often difficult to be precise about issues such as racial discrimination. Measurements such as these can go a long way towards providing indicators which can be objectively verifiable. The importance of the work that statisticians do is not only in collecting such information but also in analysing it. Prison managers need statisticians to tell them, for example, why it is that prisoners from ethnic minorities are more likely to be housed in punishment cells than those from majority groupings. Is it because they commit more disciplinary offences; is it because staff are more likely to identify them when they do; or is it because they are more likely to receive harsh punishment? These are just some of the issues in which the work of statisticians can be invaluable to good prison management. Prison Regimes There are many other issues affecting the way prisons are managed and their regimes developed which need to be subjected to objective measurement. There are a number of key indicators as to the health of a prison regime and the relationship between staff and prisoners. One of these is the use which is made of the formal disciplinary process. Why is it that in one prison the segregation unit is always full whereas in a neighbouring prison of similar size and with a similar catchment, very few prisoners are sent to segregation? Another important measure can be the number and type of grievances filed by prisoners. This is a good example of the care which is needed when analysing prison statistics. A large number of grievances from one prison may indicate that something is amiss. However, a small number of grievances will not necessarily indicate that all is well. Instead, it may be that complaints are suppressed or not allowed. In this context, as with disciplinary figures, it is also important to analyse the source of complaint. Are many of them being made by the same individuals or by Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 6 Statistics, Development and Human Rights prisoners from a particular wing or living unit? Are they against staff in general or are the complaints frequently against the same member of staff? Prison directors are likely to pay close attention to the number and seriousness of assaults by staff on prisoners, by prisoners on staff and by prisoners on prisoners. Another important indicator of the safety of the prison may be the frequency with which prisoners deliberately injure themselves. Directors will also wish to measure the amount of time prisoners spend out of cells each day. How much access do they have to fresh air and showers? How often can they make contact with their families and under what conditions? What about the observance of religion and access to their clergy? Simply measuring time out of the cell or the accommodation unit is not in itself enough. There should also be an objective formula for measuring what prisoners do when they are out of their cells. Do they simply stand around doing little or are they engaged in activities such as useful work, education or sport? Staff Prison management, of course, is not only about prisoners; it is also about staff. In assessing how well a prison is managed, the directors need to have a wide range of statistics concerned with personnel. How many, in the first instance, in ratio to the prisoners? How many staff work directly with prisoners and how many are in "backroom" jobs? What is the ratio of security staff to staff working on regimes and programmes? How many staff come from ethnic minorities and how are they distributed among the different grades? As with prisoners, there are a number of indicators about whether staff feel safe as they go about their work and whether they have job satisfaction. One of the best of these is the level of sick absence. Staff who are afraid or dispirited are more likely to have a series of minor illnesses and to take regular days off work. 3. Using Statistical Information to Re-think Prison Policies The work of statisticians can also inform the wider debate about the use of imprisonment and can facilitate international comparisons. Encouraging Public Accountability For What Goes on in Our Prisons Despite the increasing openness which characterises prison administrations in some countries today, prisons remain essentially secret places. It can be argued that prisons are the last great secretive institutions in a democratic society; their high walls and fences are built to keep the public outside just as much as to keep prisoners inside. To a certain extent, the very nature of the prison demands that this should be so. Yet that secrecy brings with it the need for public accountability because prisons are part of the fabric of modern society every bit as much as other institutions such as schools or hospitals. It is important that those who are responsible for prisons should remember that they carry out their work on behalf of society. This means that members of the public have the right to know how prisons are being managed. Indeed, it can be argued that they have an obligation to make sure that they approve of what is done in their name behind prison walls. Statistical information can help to make prison administrators publicly accountable for what they do. Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 7 Statistics, Development and Human Rights Encouraging Rational Debate About the Use of Prison In most countries nowadays there is great public concern about law and order and the need for protection against criminals. The public's concern is often fuelled by certain elements of the media which paint a picture of a society in which law and order has broken down and the criminal justice agencies are failing to protect the public. There is a belief that, if only more people went to prison and if only prison regimes were harsher, society would be a safer place. This belief is reflected in the unprecedented increase in prison populations in a number of European countries. Objective data can be used to introduce sanity and rationality into the debate about what our response to crime should be. There is little, if any, solidly based research evidence of a direct relation between higher rates of imprisonment and reduced crime levels. Of course, it is possible if a high enough proportion of all people, particularly young men, is locked up that there will be a reduction in crime. But that begs all sorts of questions about the value systems of a society which chooses to go down this path. Those of us who work in the criminal justice system have an obligation to explain the reality to the public and to the media. The research that criminal justice statisticians produce can enable prison administrators to gain support for policies that will encourage a more balanced use of imprisonment. One can point to two types of programmes in this field that depend for their existence on the collection and publication of statistical evaluation. They are alternative sentencing programmes and conditional release programmes. Alternatives to prison are based on the idea of social reintegration for offenders who do not pose an immediate threat to the safety of civil society. They can include community service, suspended sentences, fines, curfew, compensation to victims or a combination of these sentences. Research has shown that if alternative sentencing programmes are to be successful, the public must be well informed about them and support them. (Stern, 1999). Conditional release programmes enable prisoners in many countries to leave prison for short periods of time to arrange housing and seek employment in preparation for release. Early release schemes sometimes attract a great deal of criticism from opposition politicians. States that use conditional release have to recognise the public's concern that some prisoners released early may abuse their privileges and use early release as an opportunity to commit further crimes. This public concern is perfectly understandable and has to be answered. Studies from Canada and from France have shown the high success rates of these programmes and have been instrumental in re-assuring the public. (Larocque, 1998; Burricand and Hatal, 1997). More research evaluating the effectiveness of these and other programmes continues to be necessary. Making International Comparisons Statistics can permit a state's prison service to compare itself with other countries. This is a particularly useful exercise when we compare countries with similar economic trends and crime trends, but very different criminal justice policies. For example, the Canadian population growth trends and crime trends are remarkably similar to those in the United States. But the increase in the prison population in the United States, up almost 30% in the last four years, has been nearly triple the 10% growth experienced in Canada. (Correctional Service of Canada, 1998). Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 8 Statistics, Development and Human Rights Within Europe there are interesting variations. For example, there are more prisoners serving life sentences in England and Wales than in the rest of Western European countries combined. (Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics, 1998; Home Office, Prison Statistics, England and Wales, 1998). Of the 29 member states of the Council of Europe for which figures are available, only Romania, Estonia and Lithuania have higher rates of imprisonment than England and Wales for people under the age of 21. (Social Exclusion Unit, Policy Action Team 12, 2000). It would be useful to have an analysis of why the number of persons entering prison in France has remained stable in recent years and now shows some signs of reduction in contrast to the trend in a number of other countries. (Burricand and Hatal, 1997). This might be the point at which to make a plea that statistics on prison subjects should be collated in a uniform manner. At present, differences in the way in which figures are gathered often make international comparisons difficult or impossible. Each year the Council of Europe reports on prison populations, sentencing, and crime trends in member states and publishes its findings. (Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics, SPACE, 1996-1998). Unfortunately countries use different methods to record their prison populations. For example, some countries do not include juveniles or remand prisoners in their prison population statistics. At the International Centre for Prison Studies, we recently did some work on comparative lengths of sentence in different countries. Our task was made much more difficult by the different recording mechanisms used. In England and Wales we count the number of prisoners serving sentences of more than four years, whereas many other European countries count the number of prisoners serving sentences of more than three years. In similar vein, the Council of Europe figures on conditional release in member states do not specify whether they refer to temporary or permanent conditional release. 4. Measuring the Performance of Prisons Through Independent Inspection Returning to the international instruments for the management of prisons, Rule 55 of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules requires that: There shall be a regular inspection of penal instruments and services by qualified and experienced inspectors appointed by a competent authority. Their task shall be in particular to ensure that these institutions are administered in accordance with existing laws and regulations and with a view to bringing about the objectives of penal correctional services. In some of the countries, the inspection is the responsibility of specially appointed judges, whose task is to come into prison on a regular basis to make sure that all rules are being observed and to listen to prisoners' complaints. In other countries it is the task of the local procurator. The experience in most countries which have such a system is that this inspection is at best irregular and superficial. The best systems of inspection are those that allow inspectors to gather information, including statistical data, about each prison and to publish it. A good example of what can be achieved by an independent inspectorate is the work done by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales. The Chief Inspector in England has become a person of considerable influence in relation to the supervision of prisons. This is due in large measure to the fact that the report which he makes to the Home Secretary following each prison inspection is published along with the Home Secretary's response to his findings. In addition to prison inspection reports, the Chief Inspector also publishes periodic thematic reviews on important issues such as suicide in prisons, life sentence prisoners, and women in prison. Another very important element of the public scrutiny of prisons in England and Wales is exercised by members of the public who make up the Board of Visitors for each prison. Members of the Board of Visitors for a prison represent the local community in scrutinising what goes on in the prison. They are unpaid and do all their work in a voluntary capacity. Members have the right Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 9 Statistics, Development and Human Rights to visit any part of the prison without exception at any time and to interview prisoners or other members of staff in confidence. In order to carry out their work effectively, they need to have access to proper statistics. Countries which are members of the Council of Europe have additional forms of accountability. Those countries are subject to investigation by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT). Since 1990, the CPT has conducted over 70 inspections of places of detention in countries across the European continent. Members of the CPT are appointed by state members and come from a variety of backgrounds, including law, medicine, prison affairs and politics. In the course of their visits they are assisted by independent experts. During its visits to each country, the CPT has unrestricted access to all places of detention and complete freedom of movement within them. The reports which are made as a result of such investigations are submitted in confidence to the government concerned. The tradition has grown up over the years that countries should allow these reports to be published alongside their own response. A number of these reports have been highly critical. All of these inspectors rely heavily on statistical reporting to evaluate the prisons they visit. Independent investigators will typically ask to review the register of prisoners. They will review record-keeping of incidents, riots, and suicides. They will make sure prison authorities keep records of minority groups in the prison. Particularly telling are records of the number and content of complaints. These are matters which are also of interest to other independent experts who have the authority to visit prisons. They include the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and the Special Rapporteur on Prisons in Africa. 5. Future Challenges for Statisticians: How to Measure Humanity in the Prison Setting? Prisons are primarily about people, the prisoners who are held in them and the staff who look after the prisoners. It is, therefore, no surprise that some of the most important indicators about whether a prison is humane and its regime rehabilitative are difficult to quantify statistically. There is an understandable temptation for prison administrators and government ministers to focus on indicators which can be easily measured rather than on those which go to the heart of the institution's operations. What is to be Measured? One of the difficulties for the prison service is that it is at the end of the criminal justice spectrum. In most cases the authorities are likely to have tried every other solution with repeat offenders and only when they have failed is the person sent to prison. At that point politicians and public commentators begin to expect quick solutions. They expect the prison to succeed where all other agencies have failed. The fact that not all prisoners go on to be honest and law-abiding members of society after release is often interpreted as reflecting a failure of the prison system. Why, so the argument goes, can the prison system not deflect all those in its care from a future life of crime? Surely it should be possible to measure the success of the prison through simple indicators such as re-conviction rates? In many countries re-conviction rates for released prisoners are disappointingly high. Of all prisoners discharged from prison in England and Wales in 1995, 58% were re-convicted for an indictable offence within two years of their discharge. The figures are worse for 14-16 year olds who come out of detention in England and Wales. Seventy-seven per cent of young male prisoners under 21 discharged from prison in 1995 were re-convicted within two years. (Home Office, Prison Statistics, England and Wales, 1998). Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 10 Statistics, Development and Human Rights In response to these high reconviction figures, countries like England and Wales and New Zealand are studying ways to lower reconviction rates. In the last three years alone, the Home Office has published six Statistical Bulletins and two Research Studies on the subject of re- conviction rates. (Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, Home Office Statistical Bulletins, Nos. 1/97, 2/97, 5/97, 6/97, 5/99, 19/99; Home Office Research Studies Nos. 187 and 192). The theory is that re-conviction rates are the best measure of the successes and failures of a state's penal policy. In fact reconviction rates are a simplistic and arbitrary measure of prison regimes. Re-conviction rates measure only crimes which have resulted in a conviction. They do not, for example, take into account the relative seriousness of the subsequent offence. Nor do they take any account of other factors which may have led an individual to commit further offences. Measuring Processes or Outcomes ? Too much dependence on quantitative measurements can be counter-productive. It is not sufficient to emphasise the need to meet key performance standards and at the same time to ignore the influence of the prison environment as a whole. A good example of this issue is the problem of suicide in English prisons. In May 1999, in response to an increasing number of suicides in prisons around the country, the Chief Inspector of Prisons published a comprehensive thematic review discussing every aspect of the problem of suicides in prisons. (HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales, 1999). The Prison Service has since reviewed its policy for minimising the risk of suicide and self-harm. This policy is now very highly thought of. Prison staff are well-informed about suicide risk factors, methods that prisoners use to take their lives and proper procedures to be followed in the event of a suicide in prison. But still, prisoners keep hanging themselves. There were a record 91 suicides in prisons in England and Wales in 1999. Why is this so? It is because prison policies do not operate in a vacuum. They must be understood in the context of a prison culture that has gone wrong and that no longer meets the needs of many vulnerable prisoners. Another illustration of this principle comes from a visit earlier this year by the Chief Inspector of Prisons to the segregation units at a large London prison. In his subsequent report the Chief Inspector wrote that he had never seen a punishment unit where the relationship between prisoners and staff was as troubled as it was at this prison. (HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales, 1999). The Chief Inspector concluded that the prison management focused too much attention on Key Performance Indicators, Performance Standards, and bugetary considerations, and not enough attention on the actual correct and humane treatment of prisoners. Such is the difficulty of evaluating regimes by a purely quantitative method. Measuring Quality One of the greatest challenges for statisticians working in the field of criminal justice is to develop a set of tools which can take account of the human dynamics of a prison. These will allow the collection and analysis of information about some of the less quantifiable aspects of prison life. It is these qualitative aspects of daily life which really make the difference between a prison which is decent, humane and just and one which is intolerable. The need to develop mechanisms which are capable of measuring quality of performance as well as quantity is now well recognised in many sectors of public service. The National Agency of Corrections in the Netherlands, for example, is attempting to improve the quality of its administration by using the methods of the Institute for Dutch Quality throughout its prisons. (Reference: personal communication with the author). The extensive system of surveys of both staff and prisoners which have been developed in the Scottish Prison Service over the last ten years is a model which other prison services would do well to study. (Wozniak, McAllister, 1992; Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 11 Statistics, Development and Human Rights Wozniak, Gemmell, Machin, 1994; Wozniak, Dyson, Carnie, 1998). In this context let me also say that at the International Centre for Prison Studies we have developed what we have called a Humanity Audit. The Humanity Audit will try to assess the human dimension of prison life and the way in which the human beings in prison, whatever the colour of their uniform, treat each other. 6. Conclusion It is a cliché to say that in many prison systems success is usually measured by absence of failure. Generally speaking, prison systems are not comfortable in planning ahead. Their real skill lies in solving problems once they arise, rather than in preventing the problems from arising in the first place. This leads prison personnel to say that a good day in prison is a day where nothing happens. This attitude will not be sufficient in future. Instead, there will have to be a culture in which staff are capable of planning ahead in order to deliver more positive results. This planning will be based on good information about what has happened in the past, how it has been dealt with and what the results, successful and otherwise, have been. In order to achieve these ambitions prison administrators are likely to have an ever-increasing need for good data and for statistics which will be of use to them in fulfilling their difficult public service. REFERENCES Amnesty International (1999). 'No One Sleeps Here Safely:' Human Rights Violations Against Detainees in Brazil. Burricand, C. and Hatal, C. (1997). Ten Years of Probationary Sentences. Infostat Justice No. 49. French Ministry of Justice, Paris. Council of Europe. (1996-1998). SPACE: Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics. (ed. Tournier, P.) Strasbourg. Boe, R. and Muirhead, M. (1998). Have Falling Crime Rates and Increased Use of Probation Reduced Incarceration? Forum on Corrections Research, 10. Correctional Service of Canada, Ontario. Coyle, A. (1994). The Prisons We Deserve. Harper Collins, London. Dell S et al. (1991). Mentally Disordered Remand Prisoners. Home Office, London. GUIN. (1999). GUIN Report: Monthly Prison Statistics, Moscow. Gunn J et al. (1991). Mentally Disordered Prisoners. Home Office, London. HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales. (1999). Thematic Review: Suicide Is Everyone's Concern. HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales. (1999). HMP Wandsworth: Report of an Unannounced Short Inspection. Home Office. (1998). Prison Statistics: England and Wales. Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 12 Statistics, Development and Human Rights Larocque, B. (1998). Federal Trends and Outcomes in Conditional Release. Forum on Correctional Research, 10. Correctional Service of Canada, Ontario. Press Trust of India, Ltd. (December 7, 1999). Delay in Dealing With Undertrials Not to Be Tolerated. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1999). Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System: A Home Office Publication Under Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1999). Explaining Reconviction Following a Community Sentence. (Ed. May, C.) Home Office Research Study 192. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1999). Reconvictions of Offenders Sentenced or Discharged from Prison in 1995. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 19/99. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1999). Reconvictions of Offenders Sentenced or Discharged from Prison in 1994. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 5/99. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1998). Reducing Reoffending. (Ed. Goldblatt, P. and Lewis, C.) Home Office Research Study 187. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1997). Restricted Patients : Reconvictions and Recalls by the End of 1995. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 1/97. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1997). Life Licencees : Reconvictions and Recalls by the End of 1995. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 2/97. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1997). Reconvictions of Prisoners Discharged in 1993. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 5/97. Research Development and Statistics Directorate. (1997). Reconviction Rates of Those Commencing Community Penalties in 1993. Home Office Statistical Bulletin No. 6/97. Social Exclusion Unit, Policy Action Team 12. (2000). National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal, Report of Policy Action Team 12: Young People, 24. Stern, V. Alternatives to Prison in Developing Countries, 28-52 and 73-85. International Centre for Prison Studies and Penal Reform International, London. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (1998). Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Table 6.51. Wozniak, E. and McAllister, D. (1992). The Prison Survey: Scottish Prison Service Occasional Paper No. 1. Wozniak, E., Gemmell, M. and Machin, D. (1994). The Second Prison Survey: Scottish Prison Service Occasional Paper No. 10. Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 13 Statistics, Development and Human Rights Wozniak, E. and Dyson, G. and Carnie, J. (1998). The Third Prison Survey. Scottish Prison Service Occasional Paper No. 3. Montreux, 4. – 8. 9. 2000 14


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text: New study proves Rooibos' antioxidant potency in humans 26 Jul. 10 A collaborative study by scientists at four international research facilities has found the first clinical evidence that drinking rooibos tea significantly increases the antioxidant capacity in human blood, thereby boosting the body's natural defences. The researchers in Rome and Glasgow found that the antioxidant capacity in the blood of 15 healthy volunteers peaked one hour after drinking 500ml ready-to- drink rooibos tea. Both traditional (fermented) and green (unfermented) rooibos tea had a significant effect. On the basis of the results of our study, we conclude that Rooibos tea is able to deliver antioxidant ingredients to the body, thereby stimulating the body's internal redox network," says Professor Mauro Serafini, leader of this research project and Head of the Antioxidant Research Laboratory at INRAN, a nutrition research insitute in Rome, Italy. "It is highly possible that, once absorbed in the circulatory stream, the unique ingredients of Rooibos may display other biological activities in the human body. That is why we are planning further intervention studies in humans to investigate the effect of Rooibos tea on the body's strategy of defence to counteract the development of heart disease. "After an hour, the plasma antioxidant levels start to drop and that is why we recommend drinking up to six cups of rooibos spaced throughout the day for a sustained health benefit," explains Professor Jeanine Marnewick from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. She led a recent study that showed the beneficial effect of drinking six cups of rooibos a day to promote heart health. Numerous studies over the past few decades have helped scientists to understand the complex and unique blend of antioxidants found in rooibos. They have also proved that the active compounds in rooibos are bioavailable and are metabolised (converted) in the body. The significance of the latest study is that it provides the first direct evidence that rooibos boosts antioxidant levels in the blood of healthy humans. "This new research proves that the compounds in rooibos are potent enough to have a measurable effect on the antioxidant capacity of the blood," says Professor Lizette Joubert, one of South Africa's leading rooibos researchers, working on the 1 quality and chemical composition of rooibos at South Africa's Agricultural Research Council. The most active antioxidant in rooibos – aspalathin – is unique to the plant species Aspalathus linearis. This fynbos plant thrives in the Western Cape's Cedarberg region where it is commercially cultivated and wild-harvested for the production of rooibos tea. "This study underlines the value of rooibos as a widely available and affordable source of dietary antioxidants," comments Mientjie Mouton, chair of the Product Research Committee of the South African Rooibos Council. "It is very encouraging that leading research institutions around the world are working on rooibos and producing such promising results. There is also a great deal of work being done by local rooibos researchers and we will continue to invest in this research." The South African Rooibos Council invests some R1 million a year to fund research into rooibos' health properties. This year the Council is supporting research projects at several local universities and science councils focusing on how rooibos can counter cancer and stress, as well as the link between rooibos and exercise. A project on rooibos and obesity has been approved for funding in 2011. Summaries of the most recent rooibos studies published in top peer-reviewed scientific journals can be found on the website of the SA Rooibos Council at www.sarooibos.co.za Notes to editors • The collaborative research was carried out at: Antioxidant Research Laboratory, Human Nutrition Unit, INRAN, Rome; Food and Nutrition Unit, IRCCS, Rome; Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, University of Glasgow; Diabetes Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome. • The study has been published in Food Chemistry: Villaño, D., et al. 2010. Unfermented and fermented rooibos teas (Aspalathus linearis) increase plasma total antioxidant capacity in healthy humans. Food Chemistry 123 (2016) 679-683. Issued by: South African Rooibos Council Enquiries (SA): Marina Joubert 083 409 4254 firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Media interviews (SA): Professor Jeanine Marnewick Manager: Oxidative Stress Research Centre Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology +27+21 953 8416 firstname.lastname@example.com. Lead scientist (Europe): Professor Mauro Serafini Ph.D. Head Antioxidant Research Laboratory INRAN, Rome, Italy 0039-3495742173 (set appointment by email for telephonic interviews) email@example.com Media enquiries (Europe): Petra Mayer Rooibos Büro Deutschland +49 7221 396 32 30 / +49 7221 396 32 40 email@example.com 3


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I guess we have become regulars at Sugar Reef. The beer and the food represents excellent value for money any day of the week, but the Friday night fish and chips is better than I have had in some chippies in the UK. Look out for the curry sauce. The homemade pies are delicious too. Portions are good to generous and the service excellent. The proprietors certainly go out of their way to make customers feel welcome. An establishment that goes the extra mile.
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text:
So it's alleged nigella took drugs with her kids?
(1000 Posts)In the trial prosecution evidence. Aha.
Funny as that was being discussed wrt SAATCHI and her nose a few weeks ago. In those pics
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
Oh yes! she certainly looks like a druggie!
Why are people so horrible when they split up? just leave the poor woman alone Scraatchi!
The man is a vindictive bastard.
They nicked the money on the credit cards. Fair enough. but they nicked it with her connivance? hard to prove.
Whether Nigella is a coke fiend or not, what has that got to do with this case?
He really wants to destroy her.
The story's been out for a while. I bet you could trace a line to who's paying for the sister's legal team directly to Saatchi.
Even if she has on occasion used drugs (and I have heard on here long before the stragling incident that that was the case) I cannot believe its to anywhere near that level.
If I'd been married to that horrid man I too would probably have taken drugs, especially when he went on the diet of only eating eggs!
In a way he is doing her a favour...if it was not so obviously shit stirring the headlines of Nigella doing drugs would cause massive public interest.
As it is, no one likes CS, and any possible drug taking is subsumed by this vindictive behaviour.
Message withdrawn
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
I don't think he was looking for evidence just highlighting I know when my brother was doing drugs and we were begging him to stop I would sometimes grab him and rollup his sleeves etc and say Look wtf are you doing etc. Not nice but we were sooo frustrated at times with all the deception. I think its an everyman for himself situation. He is trying to label her a coke fiend to counter the abusive dh tag. truly awful all round.
I don't feel any need to defend the multi millionairess.
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
No I don't think she needs defending either.
We are so blinkered in this country by tv 'stars'. Nigella rustling up suppers from her twinkly larder etc.
knew it. didn't dare say it, but knew it
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
He really is loathsome.
He worked in advertising and no one, ever, in that industry has ever used Colombian marching powder.
Nothing excuses how he treated her, nothing. So he can stop trying to smear her, publicly apologise and get the psychiatric help that he so clearly needs.
Message withdrawn at poster's request.
With her kids FFS!!
don't be silly, why does he need psychiatric help?
coke is illegal remember.
Brilliant double standards here. Both as bad as each other
Message withdrawn
This is why she wouldnt speak out, he was protecting her.
But he hit her noddy! So it ok
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Paizo Invades the Atomic Array... Paizo Invades the Atomic Array Wednesday, December 24, 2008Over at the Atomic Array, Rone Barton and Ed Healy have created a great podcast that should interest everyone who's a gamer. A brief look through their recent episodes sees topics such as Shadows of Cthulhu, Kobold Quarterly, Gen Con, and as of episode #11, Pathfinder! ... This episode of the Atomic Array features myself, Jason Bulmahn, and Josh Frost getting interviewed about all matter of things Paizo, from Pathfinder and the...Tags: Community Interviews Legacy of Fire Podcasts Attack of the Pod(cast) People!—Final Wave—Mike SelinkerAttack of the Pod(cast) People! Final Wave—Mike Selinker Wednesday, September 26, 2007Today's final installment of the Paizo Podcast Explosion features Titanic Games mastermind Mike Selinker chatting with the good folks over at Pulp Gamer's Inside Track about everything from curling to geocaching... plus, of course, some discussion of Stonehenge and the Nocturne Expansion, as well as a preview of Titanic's latest venture, a gorgeous new game called Key Largo. Head on over to the Pulp...Tags: Community Interviews Podcasts Attack of the Pod(cast) People!—Second Wave—James JacobsAttack of the Pod(cast) People! Second Wave—James JacobsAs promised yesterday, we continue our podcast blitzkrieg today with an interview with Pathfinder Editor-in-Chief James Jacobs! In this in-depth conversation with the host of The Tome, a D&D-focused radio-show, Jacobs discusses his long and distinguished history with D&D, the end of Paizo's Dungeon and Dragon licenses, and the shape of the new RPG world to come. Head over to The Tome's website here to give it a listen. James Sutter...Tags: Community Interviews James Jacobs Podcasts Attack of the Pod(cast) People!—First Wave—Erik MonaAttack of the Pod(cast) People! First Wave—Erik Mona Monday, September 24, 2007In recent weeks, members of the design staff here at Paizo have been doing a number of podcast interviews with various gaming-themed radio shows, and they're now becoming available to the general public. They're super easy to access—just click and listen—so why not drop by and hear what the imaginations behind Pathfinder, GameMastery, and more have to say about the future of the industry? ......Tags: Community Erik Mona Interviews Podcasts |
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Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to Everything In Time (Los Angeles) by No Doubt. Please check back for more No Doubt lyrics.
Everything In Time (Los Angeles) Lyrics
Artist: No Doubt
Album: Everything In Time
She asked how we are
She asked If I was all weird again
And of course I am
But I'm trying really hard
So I lied to her
And I was wearing this prisoner face
So deep inside she had to know
Once again I've lost control
For everything, there is a reason
Everything, I hope in time, will come
Lying in your bed
I am a refugee you try to love
But the love that he killed
Keeps coming back and haunting me
Am I wasting all of your time
And all my cute days on regrets?
Is it healthy that we met?
Everything always in time will show
Then we will know it will show
Everything always in time will come
Is it wrong holding in on too much?
To my best friend, my faded lover?
Who knows?
Cinderella Hope
And it's all because he made me laugh
Coincidence or fate
Running towards a catastrophe
Save me
Everything always in time is gone
It'll be gone, we'll be gone
Everything always in time will come
Oh it will come, it will come
For everything there is a reason
I believe for everything there is a reason
And everything always in time will come
No Doubt Lyrics
No Doubt Everything In Time Lyrics
More No Doubt Music Lyrics:
No Doubt - End It On This Lyrics
No Doubt - Everything In Time(London) Lyrics
No Doubt - Oi To The World Lyrics
No Doubt - Platinum Blonde Life Lyrics
No Doubt - Sinking Lyrics
No Doubt - Total Hate 95 Lyrics
No Doubt - Under Construction Lyrics
No Doubt - World Go Round Lyrics


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PC - Windows
This page contains Cheats for Action Half-Life organized by sections for PC - Windows. If you can't find a hint or secret in our list, then please check this page periodically for the latest updates.
Boxshot & Details
- Developer:
Action Half-Life PC - Windows Cheats
Not Set - Publisher: Not Set
- Genre: Not Set
- Release Date: Not Set
- ESRB: Not Set
Game Hints
Hybrid game: Start the game with the hl.exe -dev -console -game action command line. This enables the console window. You can enter the original Half-Life missions with Action Half...
From: kyle killz24Questions
Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Action Half-Life expert then please try to help others with their questions.
Action half-life bots problem
Hi.i downloaded action half-life but there is no bot how can i called them or downloading them thanks...
From: wassim x13
Posted on: 03-30-2012
Posted on: 03-30-2012
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Video Description:
Emilia and Kamil are spending the day at the park. He`s looking forward to when they go back to his house later, but she`s ready to get naughty right there at the park. She wants to have sex on the grass, she doesn`t care who sees and he actually has
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Home invader in East Montpelier brandishes gun
EAST MONTPELIER Vermont State Police are looking for information about an armed home invasion Tuesday in East Montpelier.
State police say a lone male entered the residence of Robert Ohlstein, 66, on County Road around 10 p.m. The male forced his way into the home by gunpoint and demanded cash from Ohlstein, then fled on foot.
Ohlstein was not injured, but state police did not say whether any money was taken.
Anyone with information about the robbery is asked to contact the Middlesex barracks at 229-9191. Those looking to submit an anonymous tip can text crimes (274637) to keyword VTIPS.MORE IN This Just InBALTIMORE Chants of no justice, no peace, no racist police echoed through the streets of... Full StoryMONTPELIER The managers of the states investment portfolios are looking to combat climate... Full StoryIn the five minutes it takes to stop for a to-go coffee, 20 women are beaten by a domestic... Full Story -
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Latest Tax JobsAVP Transfer Pricing- Banking , London Tax Operations Senior Advisor, to �500 pd , London Transfer Pricing Assistant Manager- FTSE 100 , London Manager Group Tax Risk & Reporting ? FTSE 50 ? 6 months , London In-house Part/Recently Qualified Tax Specialist , City of London Senior Manager, Indirect Tax , London Front Office Tax Advisor for Global Investment Bank , City of London Tax Specialist - Investment Management , City of London |
This job is no longer active. Search for other jobs like Manager / Associate Director, FATCA, FS Group


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· Become a Fan · Contact me · Success story · Books · Articles · News · Blog · Messages · 32 Titles · 14 Reviews · Share with Friends! · Member Since: Before 2003 Holly Clegg, click here to update your pages on AuthorsDen.
Featured Book Albert Russo: a poetic biography, volume 2-texts & photos by Albert Russo
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100th ANNIVERSARY CINCINNATI WOMEN'S MET
As the Greater Cincinnati Women's Metropolitan Amateur Championship moved in to the 1980's, new names began to make headlines. Many familiar names continued to be strong competitors and new, young golfers were ready to challenge them.
Joan Comisar, Judy Diem, Jane Degroff, Sandy Jones and Elinor Mosher continued to be formidable opponents. Newcomer Sue Schilling from Bel-wood Country Club had won the championship in 1978 and would compete with the Old Guard the next few years. Long hitting, young challengers Leslie Ritter, Wyoming golf Club, Robin Stewart, Wyoming Golf Club, and Marianne Shinn, Terrace Park Country Club, battled each other and the veterans and each would be crowned as Met champions in the early 80's.
At age 21, Lynn Thompson qualified with a course record 70 at Western Hills Country Club. She dominated all golfers with her superb play winning back to back championships in 1980 and 1981. Lynn has continued to be a strong contender over four decades and will be a player to watch in this year's 100th championship. Beginning in the mid 1980's, an aunt and her niece provided great excitement for the next 10 years, often competing against one another during the tournaments. Both belonged to Cincinnati Country Club. Janie Dumler (the niece) won first in 1985. Louise Kepley (the aunt) was the conqueror in 1987; Janie was the champion again in 1989. Louise won her second and third Met tournaments in 1991 and 1992 and again in 1994. Still a contender for the next few years, Louise retired from tournament golf in 1998 to pursue other interests.
Other winners of the Metropolitan championship in the late '80's were Marianne Morris, Terrace Park Country Club, Linda Ball playing from Clovernook Country Club, and Beckett Ridge's Monica Hannah. After several years of absence due to back surgery, Jane Degroff returned to the tournament and won one more time in 1988. In 1972, the Title IX law was passed that required gender equity for boys and girls in all educational programs that received federal funding. This enabled the expansion of especially girls' sports. Eventually, golf began to see the effect as more girls gained competitive experience while playing on high school and college golf teams. Thus, the Women's Metropolitan Championship began attracting more high school and college players in the early 1990's. While some of the veterans were still strong golfers, 1995 began a new trend of dominance by talented high school and college girls.
As an accomplished player attending the University of Cincinnati, Kerry Zebeck won back to back Met championships in 1995 and 1996. At Terrace Park Country Club in the qualifying round Kerry had an outstanding round of 66.
Melissa Beck, Neumann Golf Club, was the 1997 winner and repeated as the champion in 2001. During the qualifying round in 1999 at Clovernook Country Club, Melissa tied the women's course record of 69.
Christi Dorece, Ivy Hills Country Club, and Darcy Isaac, Blue Ash Golf Club, completed the century as champions in 1998 and 1999, respectfully. Other prominent challengers during these years were Kerry Zebeck Davis, Elizabeth Bench, Julie Palmer, Katie Rakel and veterans Diane Calkins and Linda Coffey.
Will youth continue to dominate when a new century begins? For the answer, go to the GCWGA website in May and see who were the victors. And don't forget to register for the 100th Met!
The 100th MET registration link will take you to the GCGA website. To register, select "Tournaments" on the banner in the top section of the website. On the right site shaded box select link "tournament registration". (Please note you must register or be registered with ghintpp.com ). LOG IN. SELECT THE 100TH WOMEN'S MET, and the registration form will come up."


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Album Rating: 4.0It really does, but this is still one of my favorites.
Album Rating: 2.5come off it, this is not so good
Album Rating: 4.0Dude
Return to form
Album Rating: 4.0WE'RE BLOOD BROTHERS!!!!!!!
Digging: The Tallest Man on Earth - Dark Bird Is Home
Holy shit I liked this song so much when I was 13. Still like the hell out of him. Ah reminds me the time when I didnt even know what albums are.
Album Rating: 4.0this is my all time favorite metal band.
Mine too. Although Death are really coming close to take the title.
Album Rating: 4.0yeah it's hard cause the bands are too different to compare.
Album Rating: 4.0I ONLY DREAM IN BLACK AND WHITE, I ONLY DREAM CAUSE I'M ALIVE I ONLY DREAM IN BLACK AND WHITE, TO SAVE ME FROM MYSELF!!! LOST IN A DREAM OF MIRRORS, LOST IN A PARADOX!
Digging: Knapsack - Day Three Of My New Life
Greatest song here no doubt. Well actually...........
Album Rating: 3.5need to spin this again soon
Album Rating: 4.0Awesome album.
spinning atm, rocks
"the piper at the gates of dawn is calling you his way" i didnt even get it until now
This is an Iron Maiden album I still need to hear.
Album Rating: 4.0Now
Album Rating: 3.5.......
This is just soo good!
Album Rating: 3.5If you say so
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Hi, my iPad has no memory left. I can't even upgrade 1to iOS 6.01 as I only have 284mb of memory left.
I purchased extra iCloud storage but not sure how it works. I have 6.1 gb of photos in the iCloud backup and 7.4gb of storage space left. If I delete photos from the iPad, will they be deleted from iCloud the next time I back up? I really don't understand how it works:-(
I have 2 iPhones linked to this account too. I have photo stream switched off.
Welcome to the Apple Community.
Purchasing additional iCloud storage does not provide you with any extra space on your iPad.
If you delete photos from your iPad, then yes they will be deleted from the backup next time you perform the backup procedure. Consider uploading historic photos to some third-party online storage such as dropbox, you could then delete them from your iPad.
Retrieving data ...


text:
+ The pink book is Arty KitKat's open on my page
+ The black book with the bunny on is the one I made to send on!
+ The green book with the owls on the front is Martha's, and my page with the owl is in Martha's book!
I can't wait to see my book all filled in at the end :D
Recycle, reuse last year's calendar to make a unique scrapbook or next year's calendar!
Create your own fashion magazine, full of things you like, without the adverts or irrelevant content.


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learn about REDcard
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Reg: price $27.99
description Steal the show in this eye popping Colorblock Sheath Dress - Lots of Love. This color block dress makes a statement in an awesomely bright sapphire blue and black pattern that's accented to the extreme with sharp black sleeves. The scoop neck is carried over to the back – ...
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Book your room at Pharae Palace Hotel
4-star hotel with free breakfast and free valet parking
Situated in Kalamata, this hotel is within 2 mi (3 km) of Municipal Railway Park of Kalamata, Pantazopoulio Cultural Center, and Historical and Folklore Museum of Kalamata. Military Museum of Kalamata and Kalamata Municipal Central Library are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this hotel has a bar/lounge and a business center. Free buffet breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free valet parking are also provided. Other amenities include a meeting room, concierge services, and dry cleaning.
Room Amenities
All 76 soundproofed rooms feature free wired Internet and memory foam beds. Guests can enjoy deep soaking tubs, and other standard amenities include furnished balconies, refrigerators, and satellite TV.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary.
Business-related amenities at this 4-star property consist of a business center and a meeting room. 2 meeting rooms are available. This business-friendly hotel also offers concierge services, complimentary newspapers in the lobby, and laundry facilities. Complimentary valet parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Total number of rooms - 76
- Number of floors - 4
- Bar/lounge
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Concierge services
- Computer station
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Luggage storage
- One meeting room
- Laundry facilities
- Business center
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Express check-in
- Free valet parking
- Restaurant
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Conference space size (feet) -
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Soundproofed rooms
- Laundry facilities
- Refrigerator
- Microwave (on request)
Available in all rooms: Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free valet parking
Room Amenities
- Furnished balcony
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Minibar
- Microwave (on request)
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Deep soaking bathtub
- Rainfall showerhead
- Desk
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Satellite TV service
- Free wired high-speed Internet
- Free newspaper
- Soundproofed rooms
- Climate control
- In-room safe
- Room service (limited hours)
- Down comforter
- Memory foam mattress
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Where to Eat
A complimentary buffet breakfast is served each morning between 7:00 AM and 10:30 AM.
Pharae Palace Hotel has a restaurant on site.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Bicycle rentals nearby
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2:00 PM
Check-in time ends at midnight
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
Hotel Registry Number - 1249K014A0051300
We should mention
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 1500, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.


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Goldenstar's review of Lancome Definicils High Definition Mascara
1512 reviews
58% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.0
Price: $$$
Package Quality: 4.0
Price: $$$
Aqua/Water, Paraffin, Cera Alba/Beeswax, Acacia/Acacia Senegal Gum, Stearic Acid, Carnauba/Carnauba Wax, Palmitic Acid, Triethanolamine, Simethicone, Sodium Polymethacrylate, Aminomethyl Propanediol, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Panthenol, Polyquaternium-10, Imidazolidinyl Urea, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, BHT. [ /- May contain: CI 77007/Ultramarines, CI 77492, CI 77499, CI 77491/Iron Oxides]Age: 25-29
Skin: Normal, Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Green
I used this mascara for about a year. During that time, I noticed that my eye lashes were falling out & getting to be a little thin (I have fairly thick lashes). I heard that sometimes certain mascara's can cause this problem. After I stopped using it, my lashes returned to their normal thickness. I will NEVER use this product again.
Read all 1512 reviews of Definicils High Definition Mascara
Popular Mascaras


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Edit Summary
Contact Host
Continuous access in the listing
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
Central heating or a heater in the listing
In the building, free or for a fee
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
* A unique and spacious modern second floor apartment with a dramatic catherdral style Palapa roof, An excellent choice for those who love to cook! . Only a 7 minute walk to the beach. * 1 bedrooms &1 bath, can be use as 2 BR * Private entrance and lovely garden. * Mangrove views throughout *1 king size bed & 1 double bed * Spacious common room/dining area adorned with a Moroccan stencil & Cathedral Style Palapa Roof. * Fully equipped kitchen for the love of good food * Cable TV * 3 blocks to the beach, restaurants and shopping
Puerto Morelos is a charming fishing village located 30 minutes South of Cancún ( 15 minutes from Cancún International Airport ) and 20 minutes north of Playa del Carmen in Quintana Roo Mexico. A perfect place to enjoy life and relax, a unique vacation spot in the Mayan Riviera. Puerto Morelos makes an excellent day-trip or destination for a week or more...
The palapa loft has a lot of potential, but there are some basic improvements needed to make a stay comfortable. The sink and toilet have problems (leaking), resulting in an unpleasant smell in the bathroom. The kitchen is very poorly equipped, with a lack of some basics such as kitchen utensils and water kettle. The loft is close to the beach (few minutes walk) and close to restaurants and shops, but located in what is probably the least pleasant part of the small town.
thanks for your commetes , i will check the leak problem and sorry about the kitchen equip. wil are getting new utensill , nice day
This host has 5 reviews for other properties.
in the business for more than 15 years , in real estate . Feel free to contact me for availability and inquiries.
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