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If I am being honest, I have to admit, I've been reeling a bit since FBC2013. You know when you work so hard for something for months and months, it goes really well (though you aren't really aware of it at the time) then you go into "follow up" mode for a week or so, […]
Miso mushroom noodle bowl for Mushrooms Canada
Regular readers of this site will know that over the holidays, I spent a couple of weeks in Burma and enjoyed some tasty food including wonderful Shan noodle bowls. The noodle bowls are the inspiration for my first guest post for Mushrooms Canada this year – I created a Miso Mushroom Noodle Bowl. Looks good, […]
Dreamy, creamy milk and white "pots au chocolat" (and a Green & Black's giveaway)
Those of you who read this blog on a regular basis know that I am a bit of a sweet tooth. It runs in the family – both my my mum and sister (and secretly, though he'd never admit it, my dad!) are big on desserts, sweets, chocolate, cakes, pastries… you get the idea… So […]
Chocolate-coconut cupcakes for National Cupcake Day (Gluten Free)
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The French Fridays with Dorie St Valentine's Day cookie exchange!
Yes it's St Valentine's Day! I have to admit that I'm not a huge fan of this Hallmark holiday (growing up in Australia, it definitely did not have the hype it does in North America), although I love baking sweet treats for my friends, colleagues and Mr Neil. But it doesn't need to be St […]
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Law Society Publishes Deprivation of Liberty Guidance
Following the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Cheshire West last year the Law Society have now published comprehensive guidance about Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards.
personal budgets in mental health
Think Local Act Personal and the NHS Confederation has published a new briefing looking into personal budgets in mental health. The briefing identifies people with mental health problems who might benefit from personal budgets, such as people who frequently use crisis services, those who often end up in A&E, people in recovery services, teenagers who are unwell and could be supported at home, and young people moving from children's to adult services. It also provides the latest policy context, an overview of the evidence that supports the introduction for personal health budgets for people who use mental health services, key messages for NHS leaders (based on interviews with 20 senior leaders involved in introducing PHBs) and outlines the of the challenges people face in good implementation.
Discretionary Housing Payments and DLA - New considerations
According to DWP survey evidence, some 75% of Councils take Disability Living Allowance into account as income when deciding on an award of Discretionary Housing Payments. But a recent Judicial Review in Sandwell Council suggests that any council taking DLA into account in assessing income for DHP awards needs to consider it very carefully. The implication of the Judicial Review will be of significance for other councils and may impact disabled people faced with the bedroom tax.
Is Welfare Reform Working?
In 2010 the Coalition Government introduced a plan for radical overhaul of the welfare system. This research, commissioned by SW HAILO and carried out by LSE Housing & Communities, examines the aim of moving people who are dependent on benefits into work and how it is being achieved.
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Dementia Leaders for the Housing Sector Bradford
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The Specialist Dementia Leadership Programme for Housing Providers is coming to BRADFORD this Summer.

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Advice, Suggestions and General Help | New Topic | Printer Friendly Version |
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Posted by: taj on Jan-27-14 12:13 PM (EST)
Tamia (In the Same Boat column) has written 4 articles on optics. Here's a link to one: http://www.paddling.net/sameboat/archives/sameboat675.html
Lots of good information.
Paddling Gloves | PFD's (Life Jackets) | URCHIN Portable Anchor | Boat Loader | Paddler's Truck Rack |
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text: How Biologist Trace Phylogeny Chapter 25 AP Biology Mrs. Ogden Fossils • Sedimentary rocks form from layers of sand and silt that settle to the bottom of seas and swamps. – As deposits pile up, they compress older sediments below them into rock. – The bodies of dead organisms settle along with the sediments, but only a tiny fraction are preserved as fossils. – Rates of sedimentation vary depending on a variety of processes, leading to the formation of sedimentary rock in strata. Making Fossils • The organic material in a dead organism usually decays rapidly, but hard parts that are rich in minerals (such as bones, teeth, shells) may remain as fossils. • Under the right conditions minerals dissolved in groundwater seep into the tissues of dead organisms, replace its organic material, and create a cast in the shape of the organism. • Rarer than mineralized fossils are those that retain organic material. • These are sometimes discovered as thin films between layers of sandstone or shale. Fossils Again • Trace fossils consist of footprints, burrows, or other impressions left in sediments by the activities of animals. • These rocks are in essence fossilized behavior. – These dinosaur tracks provide information about its gait. Geologic Time Scale • By comparing different sites, geologists have established a geologic time scale with a consistent sequence of historical periods. – These periods are grouped into four eras: the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. • Boundaries between geologic eras and periods correspond to times of great change, especially mass extinctions, not to periods of similar length. • The serial record of fossils in rocks provides relative ages, but not absolute ages, the actual time when the organism died. Absolute Aging • Radiometric dating is the method used most often to determine absolute ages for fossils. – This technique takes advantage of the fact that organisms accumulate radioactive isotopes when they are alive, but concentrations of these isotopes decline after they die. – These isotopes undergo radioactive decay in which an isotope of one element is transformed to another element. Carbon-14 • For example, the radioactive isotope, carbon- 14, is present in living organisms in the same proportion as it occurs in the atmosphere. – However, after an organism dies, the proportion of carbon-14 to the total carbon declines as carbon-14 decays to nitrogen-14. – An isotope's half life, the time it takes for 50% of the original sample to decay, is unaffected by temperature, pressure, or other variables. • The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. – Losses of carbon-14 can be translated into estimates of absolute time. How does radioactive dating work? • Over time, radioactive "parent" isotopes are converted at a steady decay rate to "daughter" isotopes. • The rate of conversion is indicated as the half-life, the time it takes for 50% of the isotope to decay. Uranium-238 • While carbon-14 is useful for dating relatively young fossils, radioactive isotopes of other elements with longer half lives are used to date older fossils. – While uranium-238 (half life of 4.5 billion years) is not present in living organisms to any significant level, it is present in volcanic rock. – If a fossil is found sandwiched between two layers of volcanic rock, we can deduce that the organism lived in the period between the dates in which each layer of volcanic rock formed. Protein dating • Paleontologists can also use the ratio of two isomers of amino acids, the left-handed (L) and right-handed (D) forms, in proteins. – While organisms only synthesize L-amino acids, which are incorporated into proteins, over time the population of L-amino acids is slowly converted, resulting in a mixture of L- and D-amino acids. • If we know the rate at which this chemical conversion, called racemization, occurs, we can date materials that contain proteins. • Because racemization is temperature dependent, it provides more accurate dates in environments that have not changed significantly since the fossils formed.


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Harold E. Boese
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Mar. 12, 1926
Dec. 18, 2008
Harold Boese, 82, of Wayland, died Thursday evening December 18, 2008 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.
A memorial service was held on Monday, December 22, 2008 at the Bethel Mennonite Church with Pastor Phil Slabaugh officiating. Harold's body has been cremated and burial was at a later date in the Bethel Mennonite Cemetery. Beatty Funeral Home was assisting with arrangements. Memorials in the name of Harold Boese may be designated to the Parkview Home in Wayland or the Bethel Mennonite Church.
Harold was born on May 12, 1926 near Wayland the son of Harris and Eva (Reschly) Boese. He graduated from Wayland High School in 1943. On January 9, 1949 he was united in marriage to Dorothy Roth at the Sugar Creek Mennonite Church.
Harold was a farmer at heart, but held a variety of different jobs during his life. He was a charter member of the Bethel Mennonite Church where he served as an elder, teacher, treasurer and church custodian. Harold enjoyed putting puzzles together, bird watching, and tinkering with cars.
Survivors include his wife Dorothy of Wayland, two sons, Dean and wife Terri Boese of Harrisonburg, VA., Gary and wife Marlene Boese of Hesston, KS., four daughters, Kathie and husband Bill Grimm of Wayland, Karen and husband Mike Bates of Washington, Shirley and husband Gary Wade of Wayland, and Annette and husband Merlin Boshart of Wayland, 19 grandchildren, 9 great grandchildren, one sister, Lucille Schantz of Wayland and one sister in law, Edith Boese of Kalona. Preceding Harold in death were his parents, one son, Keith Boese, one brother, Orie Boese and an infant sister.
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Visited this stunning spa with amazing views for a luxurious day trip for a friends birthday. The staff were every accommodating and experienced. Treatments were excellent with every attention to detail. Sitting in the jacuzzi with a glass of chambers overlooking Hout Bay was so chilled. Can't wait to return.
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Yoplait has returned to Morocco |
French yogurt brand Yoplait, in which General Mills owns a majority stake, has returned to Morocco after a decade's absence.
It follows the activation of a franchise awarded to local dairy company, the Société Laitière Centrale du Nord (SLCN), which provides nationwide coverage of the
Moroccan market.
Owned by investment fund MPEF II, SLCN has its own brand, Saïss Lait.
SLCN's parent company has invested MAD100m (US$12m) in modernising the company's production facilities and its fleet of road vehicles in order to meet
Yoplait's requirements.
Its plant in Fès now stretches over two hectares and can process up to 100,000 litres of milk daily.
SLCN has set itself the objective of posting a turnover of MAD200m in 2014.
Danone is the dairy market leader in Morocco via its subsidiary, Centrale Laitière, which has a market share of more than 60%.


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Pork & broccolini stir-fry
To Prep |
To Cook |
AVG RATING (3 Members) |
recipe To my
- Ingredients
- Nutrition
Energy 845kJ |
Fat saturated 1.00g |
Fat Total 6.50g |
Carbohydrate sugars g |
Carbohydrate Total 9.00g |
Dietary Fibre 1.00g |
Protein 26.00g |
Cholesterol mg |
Sodium mg |
All nutrition values are per serve.
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Agree with others that the kecap manis volume was a bit too much - great flavour, but made the dish too dark. I'd go for 1/4 cup next time or maybe a little less. Great fresh flavour & nice & easy for a mid-week meal. Hubby loved it.
In this dish I found the amount of kecap manis way too overpowering and strong. It also made the appearance of the dish unattractively dark, not like the picture. To suit family's taste I drained off as much of liquid as possible, added a small amount of water and some hoisin sauce to taste and thickened it with a little cornflour. Was eaten up by family with no complaint and my husband said he enjoyed it. Also added some halved baby brussel sprouts before stir-frying broccolini to increase veggie content. In the end it passed.
I love the flavours in this recipe, the combination of lime, kecap manis and chilli is delicious! I add baby corn and sliced carrot for more vegies and serve it with soba noodles for a change.
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Reviews for A Vibrant Display of Love and Affections |
torianime246 chapter 5 . 1/15 I love this story and I find it hilarious. I hope that is long running cause I can not get enough of this. |
Anusree Ghosh chapter 5 . 12/15/2014 Nice one! keep going!1 |
SunlessNights chapter 5 . 11/2/2014 Please update! I love this so much! |
Paradise Eden chapter 5 . 10/11/2014 i love this story. it's a light romance _ has all the right spices.! thanks spunky! |
Moegi chapter 5 . 10/3/2014 Oh my!Poor Byakuya doesn't have a break! XDDD But at least he understand that he's interested in Renji, and that's a very good start. Now they'll only need Aizen or Urahara's help with a bit of mischief so Renji will be able to save our prince again! Hope to see Renji getting all flustered and wanting to join the competition soon! |
WinterStorm03 chapter 5 . 10/3/2014 I had so much fun reading this! :)) I can't belive what those three did! And who knew that Byakuya is THAT good at strip poker? I would love to see him play against Aizen sometime...and Renji too...and owning both of them in the same time... And speaking of Renji...you dumbass! Are you that blind? *punches him in the head* That kiss was so obvious! *sighs* What if both of them think they are being friendzoned by each other? Great story and very funny, keep up the good work! :3 |
Aizenfan6969 chapter 5 . 10/3/2014 I'm so glad you continued this one. It's one of my all-time favorites! |
Caitriona695 chapter 5 . 10/2/2014 Bya just needs to shake Renji until whatever it was that was broken in his brain fixes itself. Poor thing. |
AsorenRM chapter 5 . 10/2/2014 Renji is SO clueless! GHAAAAA! |
Eva Galana chapter 5 . 10/1/2014 Okay...why hasn't Renji put in his name? It's like, he keeps trying to drop these hints to Byakuya (and I have a feeling that Renji isn't oblivious to why Bya kissed him)...or, just come out and say it! Oh, yeah, that's right - then there wouldn't be a story! But...argh (that's my pirate imitation, btw)...I really don't want Aizen getting his hands on Byakuya - or anyone else. Darn Dirty Old Men! Don't they know he's Renji's?! |
Picklez80 chapter 5 . 10/1/2014 Whoa, Soutaichou, you beast! And someone needs to give Renji a kick in the pants. What are you, stupid? Byakuya just kissed you, you bumbling idiot! |
SCJ0263 chapter 5 . 10/1/2014 Omg! oMg! omG! I'm speechless. That was so adorable I can't even think. |
alabirdie chapter 5 . 10/1/2014 Renji, you big idjit! You're killing me, KILLING ME! Get the lead out and read the signals bya is sending, guess for the love of all that sacred in the three worlds. Great job spunky, you had me face palming at the end of this chapter. :) I love renji to bits but he can be so dense. Don't give up bya! |
Anarane-Sensei chapter 5 . 9/30/2014 I was sooooo happy to see this in my inbox! I can't wait to see what happens next...also, Renji can be oblivious. |
chunk-ie chapter 4 . 8/28/2013 THIS IS AMAZING! I haven't read something this brilliant for a while it is just hilarious, I really hope you finish this. I hope so much that Renji and Byakuya get together. I loved Zaraki in this chapter as well he was just absolutely hilarious, please update soon, well done on a brilliant story (one which will probably become my favorite if finished haha) and keep up the good work :) |


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Muslim pedestrians walk past as Indian policemen stand guard at the... News PhotoBangalore,Diplomacy,Guarding,Horizontal,India,Islam,M.Chinnaswamy Stadium,Pedestrian,Police Force,Politics,Stadium,WalkingPhotographer AFPCollection: AFP 2012 AFPMuslim pedestrians walk past as Indian policemen stand guard at the main gate of The M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore on December 25, 2012. Police were out in full force in the southern Indian city as part of a massive security operation ahead of Pakistan's first cricket tour of India for five years. AFP PHOTO/Manjunath KIRAN (Photo credit should read Manjunath Kiran/AFP/Getty Images)


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26k points
Kobe Bryant becomes youngest player to 26,000 points
Nov 12, 2010, 10:58 AM EDT
[kml_flashembed movie="http://www.youtube.com/v/gcYMkmbkPF0?version=3" height="205" width="320" /]Thursday night, with a turnaround jumper from the right block area, Kobe Bryant became the youngest player ever to score 26,000 points in the NBA. Bryant is 32 years, 80 days old, which means he got to the milestone a few weeks a head of Wilt Chamberlain. Now, if you want to go by games…
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US 4086177 A Abstract A process for the activation of peroxide-based bleaches comprises conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium a peroxide-based bleach, sufficient buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium under alkaline conditions and certain metal cyanamides (e.g., calcium cyanamide, disodium cyanamide and sodium acid cyanamide), which have been found to be highly effective peroxide activators when employed under alkaline conditions. Stable concentrated liquid and solid metal cyanamide-activated bleaching compositions are also disclosed.
Claims(25) 1. A process for activating a peroxide-based bleach which comprises conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium effective amounts of (a) a peroxide-based bleach, (b) a peroxide-activating amount of a Group IA or IIA metal cyanamide and (c) a buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium under alkaline conditions.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the aqueous medium is from 60� to about 160� F.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the amount of buffering agent is sufficient to maintain the pH of the aqueous medium within the range 7.5 to about 13.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the peroxide-based bleach is sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the peroxide-based bleach or metal cyanamide activator also serves as the buffering agent.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the metal cyanamide activator is calcium cyanamide, disodium cyanamide or sodium acid cyanamide.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the peroxide-based bleach is sodium perborate monohydrate and the metal cyanamide activator is sodium acid cyanamide.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the amount of buffering agent is sufficient to maintain the pH of the aqueous medium within the range of about 8.0 to about 11.5.
9. A stable concentrated bleaching composition consisting essentially of a peroxide-based bleach and a peroxide-activating amount of a Group IA or IIA metal cyanamide as an activator therefore.
10. The bleaching composition of claim 9 wherein the amount of peroxide-based bleach in the bleaching composition is from about 1 to about 35% by weight, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, of the total composition.
11. The bleaching composition of claim 10 wherein the molar ratio of metal cyanamide to peroxide-based bleach is 1:20 to 20:1.
12. The bleaching composition of claim 11 wherein the metal cyanamide activator is calcium cyanamide, disodium cyanamide or sodium acid cyanamide.
13. The bleaching composition of claim 12 wherein the molar ratio of activator to peroxide-based bleach is 1:1 to 1:10.
14. The bleaching composition of claim 11 wherein the peroxide-based bleach is sodium percarbonate.
15. The bleaching composition of claim 11 wherein the peroxide-based bleach is sodium percarbonate.
16. The bleaching composition of claim 15 wherein the metal cyanamide activator is sodium acid cyanamide.
17. The bleaching composition of claim 16 wherein the sodium perborate is sodium perborate monohydrate.
18. The bleaching composition of claim 15 which additionally contains a detergent.
19. The bleaching composition of claim 18 wherein the peroxide-based bleach or metal cyanamide activator is encapsulated.
20. A bleaching/washing composition consisting essentially of an aqueous medium containing from about 2 to about 600 millimoles/liter of a peroxide-based bleach, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, a peroxide-activating amount of a Group IA or IIA metal cyanamide, a buffering agent to maintain the pH of the aqueous medium within the range of 7.5 to about 13 and a bleachable substance.
21. The composition of claim 20 additionally containing a detergent.
22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the aqueous medium contains from about 2 to about 12 millimoles/liter of peroxide-based bleach, calculated as hydrogen peroxide and sufficient buffering agent to maintain the pH of the aqueous medium within the range of about 8.0 to about 11.5.
23. The composition of claim 22 wherein the bleachable substance is a fabric.
24. In a process for manufacturing a built laundry detergent composition comprising a synthetic detergent and an alkaline detergent builder, the improvement which comprises incorporating into said detergent composition from 0.1 to 2% by weight, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, of a peroxide-based bleach and a peroxide-activating amount of a Group IA or IIA metal cyanamide.
25. A laundry detergent composition consisting essentially of (1) a major amount of a synthetic detergent and an alkaline detergent builder, (2) a minor amount, from 0.1 to 2% by weight, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, of a peroxide-based bleach and (3) a peroxide activating amount of a Group IA or IIA metal cyanamide.
Description 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved process for activating peroxide-based bleaches. In addition, it relates to concentrated bleaching compositions which alone or in combination with other ingredients, can be added to an aqueous medium to effect the bleaching of fibrous materials and other bleachable substances over a wide range of temperatures. 2. Description of the Prior Art Peroxide-based bleaches, such as hydrogen peroxide and perborates, are well known in the art and have been used for a number of years for bleaching textiles, and more recently, in home laundering applications for the bleaching of fabrics which cannot be safely bleached with chlorine-based bleaches because of problems with fiber and color damage. However, for home laundering use such bleaching agents generally have the disadvantage, as compared to chlorine-based bleaches, that their bleaching effectiveness falls off rapidly as the temperature decreases. For example, peroxide-based bleaches are relatively ineffective at 60�-160� F, which are typical temperatures for home laundering in the United States. Considerable effort has been devoted over the years to improve the effectiveness of peroxide-based bleaches at lower temperatures. One approach involves catalytic activation with the use of transition metals which decompose hydrogen peroxide to more reactive moieties which accelerate bleaching at lower temperatures. These activators generally must be used in the presence of compounds having suitable sequestering properties to prevent useless decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide. U.S. Pat. No. 2,975,139 to Kauffman et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,156,654 to Konecny et al are representative of this approach. However, despite its technical feasibility, catalytic activation has not found lasting commercial application because of the difficulty in controlling the activation phenomenon under practical conditions, and interference by other chemical substances commonly found in bleach/detergent compositions. A different approach to activation involves the use of "organic activators" which react with hydrogen peroxide to form peracids, which are relatively strong bleaching agents. A great number of these so-called "organic activators" are described in the prior art and generally comprise compounds having one or more acyl groups. U.S. Pat. No. 2,898,181 to Dithmar et al, for example, discloses certain carboxylic acid amides as activators for perborate bleaching agents. U.S. Pat. No. 3,163,606 to Viveen et al discloses a variety of diacylated nitrogen containing compounds as activators for active oxygen releasing bleaches. Among the compounds specifically disclosed in this patent are N,N-diacetylcyanamide and the N-diacyldicyanodiamides. U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,924 to Demangeon et al. discloses a four component cleaning composition including a mineral persalt, an organic activator therefore, a water soluble cupric salt and a copper complexing agent. N,N-diacetylcyanamide and the N-diacyldicyanodiamides are also among the activators for the persalts specifically disclosed in this patent. A later issued Dithmar et al patent, U.S. Pat. No. 2,927,840, discloses that certain organic nitriles are likewise activators for peroxidic compounds. The patent teaches that the best results are obtained with organic nitriles containing a plurality of nitrile groups which are not separated too far from each other. A further patent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,774 to Kirner, discloses that organic nitriles will react with hydrogen peroxide under acidic conditions to form stable peroxy carboximides which can be employed in the bleaching cellulosic textile materials in place of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions stabilized with sodium silicate. Among the various organic nitriles disclosed as being suitable for this purpose are cyanamide and dicyanodiamide. Despite the extensive efforts devoted by those skilled in the art to finding suitable activators for peroxide-based bleaches, there is in the United States today little practical application of this technology. There are a number of reasons for this. One is that organic activators generally must be used in equimolar proportions with the active oxygen releasing component of the bleach package. Since most organic activators are relatively expensive, this results in the activator contributing significantly to the cost of the bleach formulation, and in many cases makes the product prohibitively expensive relative to competitive hypochlorite bleaches. Also, may prior art organic activators are relatively toxic or have unpleasant odors which render them unsuitable for use in applications such as home laundering. A further drawback of many known organic activators is that they are unstable in storage and, hence, are not suitable for use in commercial bleach products which are stored over extended periods of time in warehouses or on the supermarket shelf before consumer use. The present invention provides a bleach activation process and related compositions based on an activator which not only provides substantially improved bleaching action at relatively low temperatures, but, in addition, is inexpensive and does not suffer from the drawbacks of many of the prior art organic activators, or at least to a substantially lesser degree. It has now been found, and forms the basis of the present invention, that metal cyanamides when employed under alkaline conditions are extremely effective activators for peroxide-based bleaches over a wide range of temperatures, including low temperatures, such as those encountered in home laundering in the United States. Thus, the present invention provides an improved peroxide-bleach activation process comprising conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium effective amounts of (a) a peroxide-based bleach, (b) a peroxide-activating amount of metal cyanamide and (c) a buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium under alkaline conditions. Since certain peroxide-based bleaches and metal cyanamides provide alkalinity upon dissolution in an aqueous medium, it is to be understood that the buffering agent (c) may be supplied in whole or in part by the peroxide-based bleach (a) or the metal cyanamide (b). The present invention also provides stable concentrated peroxide-based bleach compositions, which are preferably provided in solid (dry) form, but can also be provided in liquid form, and may be used for bleaching as such, or as a component of a soap or detergent formulation. Alternatively, the metal cyanamide activator and peroxide-based bleach may be added separately to an aqueous medium, together with sufficient buffering agent to maintain the pH of the aqueous bleaching/washing medium under alkaline conditions. It has also been found that not only do metal cyanamides under alkaline conditions enhance the bleaching effectiveness of peroxide-based bleaches, but in addition metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleaches appear to substantially improve the detergency of many conventional detergents, which makes the present compositions particularly attractive for use in laundry applications. Fundamental to this invention is the discovery that certain relatively inexpensive metal cyanamides when employed under alkaline conditions are surprisingly effective activators for peroxide-based bleaches. By "peroxide-based bleaches" as this term is used in this specification and claims, is meant hydrogen peroxide and any compound which releases hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. Such compounds include, for example, perborates, percarbonates, urea peroxides and ketone peroxides. Peroxy compounds of this type and their manner of preparation are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd ed. Vol. 14, pp. 757-760. Of the various peroxide-based bleaches which can be suitably employed in accordance with the invention, hydrogen peroxide, perborates and percarbonates are preferred. Particularly preferred among the perborates are the sodium perborates, especially sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaBO3.4H2 O) because of its commercial availability. However, sodium perborate trihydrate (NaBO3.3H2 O) and sodium perborate monohydrate (NaBO3.H2 O) can also be suitably employed. Metal cyanamides which can be suitably employed in the activated bleach compositions of the invention include any metal cyanamide which is at least partially water soluble or water dispersible to provide reactive sites. Preferred metal cyanamides include Group IA and IIA metal salts of cyanamide, in particular calcium cyanamide (CaNCN), disodium cyanamide (Na2 NCN) and sodium acid cyanamide (NaHNCN). Dipotassium cyanamide (K2 NCN), potassium acid cyanamide (KHNCN), dilithium cyanamide (Li2 NCN), lithium acid cyanamide (LiHNCN), magnesium cyanamide (MgNCN), barium cyanamide (BaNCN) and strontium cyanamide (SrNCN) can also be employed. Disodium cyanamide and sodium acid cyanamide are especially preferred because of their availability and in cases where rapid solubility in an aqueous medium is desired. The aforementioned metal cyanamides and their manner of preparation are known in the art, and are described for example in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd ed., Vol. 6, pp. 553-559. Calcium cyanamide can be employed in the present compositions in its crude form, which contains about 65 percent by weight (%w) calcium cyanamide, but preferably is employed in its purified form. The mechanism by which metal cyanamides effect activation of peroxide-based bleaches is not precisely known. However, it has been found that in order to obtain enhanced bleaching activity it is necessary that the pH of the aqueous medium in which the bleaching or washing is accomplished (e.g., a washing machine in the case of home laundering) be maintained under alkaline conditions, e.g., at a pH of from 7.5 to about 13, or higher. Preferably the pH of the aqueous bleaching/washing medium will be from about 8.0 to about 11.5. As previously mentioned, an advantage of using metal cyanamide activators, as compared to cyanamide per se, is that hydroxyl groups are produced upon dissolution of many metal cyanamides in the aqueous bleaching/washing medium, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for the additional of alkaline buffering agents. If additional alkaline buffering agents are employed, they can be conveniently incorporated into dry bleach formulations or added to the aqueous bleaching/washing medium. Suitable alkaline buffering agents of this type include carbonates, phosphates, silicates, citrates, polycarboxylates, borates and the like. While metal cyanamide activators can most advantageously be utilized in concentrated dry peroxide-based bleach formulations in accordance with the invention, they can be employed in concentrated liquid bleach formulations as well. In this connection the metal cyanamide and peroxide bleach components can be suitably incorporated into a substantially non-aqueous liquid organic carrier material, or prepared as an aqueous solution, e.g., an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. However, in this latter case, the pH of the aqueous liquid formulation should be maintained at a relatively low pH (e.g., at a pH below about 5, preferably at a pH of from about 2 to 5) until the product is ready for use to prevent premature reaction and/or decomposition of the cyanamide and peroxide components. In this manner a stable (i.e., inactive or non-reactive bleach composition is provided, which can be readily activated upon use by adjusting the pH level to the alkaline conditions required for effective activation of the peroxide-based bleach. Such pH adjustment can be conveniently accomplished by the use of an alkaline buffering agent and/or detergent which commonly contain alkaline buffering agents. Stable concentrated solid bleach compositions in accordance with the invention can be prepared from metal cyanamides and a solid peroxide-based bleach (e.g., sodium perborate or percarbonate) without the need for pH adjustment to below 5 level required for stable liquid bleach compositions. To ensure the stability of the solid-based bleach compositions, all that is required is that the compositions be maintained free from contaminating amounts of moisture. This can be conveniently accomplished by use of desiccants, if desired, and/or by encapsulating the metal cyanamide activator and/or the solid peroxide-based bleach as hereinafter discussed. To convert the stable solid bleach compositions of the present invention to their reactive state, all that is required is that they be added to the aqueous bleaching/washing medium. Since both metal cyanamides and solid peroxide-based bleaches, such as sodium perborate and percarbonate, are typically alkaline forming substances, the necessary alkaline conditions in the aqueous bleaching/washing medium can normally be obtained without further alkaline buffering agent addition. However, additional alkaline buffering agents can be (and usually are) employed if higher pH levels are desired. From the foregoing it can be seen that the term "stable" as employed in connection with the concentrated solid and liquid bleach compositions in accordance with the invention, means the compositions are in an essentially inactive or non-reactive state (thereby facilitating their storage and handling), but can be readily converted to a reactive state at their time of use. In the case of concentrated liquid bleach compositions this is accomplished by pH adjustment from the below 5 level in storage, to an about 7.5 level in the aqueous bleaching/washing medium, while in the case of concentrated solid bleach compositions all that will normally be required is that the metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleach be added to an aqueous bleaching/washing medium. An alternative method of practicing the present invention with regard to solid bleach compositions is to package the peroxide-based bleach and metal cyanamide in separate containers together with alkaline buffering agents as required to achieve the desired pH level, and add them to the aqueous bleaching/washing medium just prior to use, thereby forming the activated bleaching composition in situ. As mentioned above, a useful technique for increasing the stability of the solid metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleach compositions of the invention is by use of the well known technique of encapsulation. In general, any encapsulating technique which provides a covering for the metal cyanamide activator and/or peroxide-base bleach particles to prevent their coming into direct contact until they are added to the aqueous bleaching medium can be suitably employed in the practice of the present invention. Thus, the function of the covering material (encapsulating agent) is to prevent premature reaction or decomposition of the cyanamide activator and peroxide-based bleach while in storage, yet effectively release the activator and/or peroxide-based bleach upon addition to the aqueous bleaching medium. Suitable encapsulating agents include both water soluble and water dispersible substances, such as stearic acid, polyethyleneglycols, condensation products of ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide (e.g., alcohol ethoxylates), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, cetyl alcohol, fatty acid alkanolamides and the like. Encapsulation may be conveniently accomplished by dissolving the encapsulating agent in a volatile organic solvent and spraying the finely divided particles of cyanamide activator and/or peroxide activated bleach with the solution after which the sprayed particles are dried. Such a procedure is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,163,606. Other suitable encapsulation techniques are described in U.K. Pat. No. 1,395,006. A preferred concentrated peroxide-based bleach composition in accordance with the invention, especially from a storage stability standpoint, is a dry bleach formulation based on a combination of disodium cyanamide or sodium acid cyanamide with sodium perborate monohydrate as the peroxide-based bleach component. The advantage of utilizing the monohydrate form of sodium perborate is that any moisture absorbed by the dry bleach formulation during storage, will first act to convert the sodium perborate monohydrate to its higher hydrate forms (e.g., sodium perborate tetrahydrate), thereby making the package more stable to moisture contamination. Disodium cyanamide also can serve to minimize the adverse affects of moisture on product stability, in that in the presence of moisture it merely converts to sodium acid cyanamide. By having to go through this intermediate step to make cyanamide, the use of disodium cyanamide increases the "shelf-life" of the total bleach. Insofar as the proportions of the metal cyanamides to the peroxide-based bleach are concerned, all that is required for purposes of the present invention is that sufficient metal cyanamide be present in the composition to activate the peroxide-based bleach upon addition to an aqueous bleaching/washing medium under alkaline conditions. Generally, the molar ratio of metal cyanamide to the peroxide-based bleach will be on the order of from 1:20 to 20:1, with preferred ratios being from about 1:1 to about 1:10. The amount of peroxide-based bleach employed in accordance with the invention will vary widely depending on the material to be bleached, the extent of bleaching desired, and the bleaching conditions. In general, the amounts of peroxide-based bleach, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, in the stable concentrated bleach compositions of the invention will range from about 1 to about 35%w, preferably from about 2 to about 15%w. Peroxide concentrations higher than 35%w, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, could be used, but generally would not, because of the reactivity of highly concentrated peroxide with organic material, which could form detonable mixtures. In cases where the peroxide-based bleach and metal cyanamide are incorporated into a conventional detergent composition, lower concentrations of peroxide-based bleach (e.g., from 0.1 to 2%w, calculated as hydrogen peroxide) can be employed. However, in this case generally lower levels of bleaching will be obtained than if the aforementioned concentrated metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleach compositions were employed. To effect bleaching, the activated peroxide-based bleach compositions of the invention are generally added to an aqueous medium in an amount that will result in 2 to 600 millimoles/liter (mmoles/l) of the peroxide-based bleach, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, being present in the aqueous medium. The precise peroxide-based bleach concentration selected will vary depending on the nature of the substance being bleached and the degree of bleaching desired. For home and commercial laundry applications, the concentration of peroxide-based bleach in present compositions should suitably be such that the concentration of peroxide-based bleach, calculated as hydrogen peroxide, in the wash water will be about of 2 to 12 mmoles/l. As would be apparent to those skilled in the art, the foregoing concentrations could be varied if greater or lesser bleaching is desired. The present compositions can be employed over a relatively wide range of temperatures, e.g., from about 45� F up to the boiling point of water (212� F). However, it can most advantageously be employed at temperatures of 60� to 160� F, which encompasses typical temperatures of home laundering in the United States. As previously stated, a substantial improvement in bleaching effectiveness is obtained by use of the present compositions as compared to the use of peroxide-based bleaches alone, or peroxide-based bleaches activated with many of the prior art activators. The metal cyanamide-activated bleaching compositions of the present invention can be employed to bleach any of a wide variety of bleachable substances including textiles, wood and wood products, surfactants, leather, hair and any other substance commonly bleached with peroxide-based bleaches. The present metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleach compositions are especially suitable for use in home and commercial laundering applications, in which unactivated peroxide-based bleaches are largely ineffectual because of the relatively short wash cycles and lower temperatures involved, particularly in the United States. The compositions of the invention are effective in bleaching stains from a wide variety of fabrics, including those manufactured from natural as well as synthetic fibers. They are particularly effective for washing cotton goods and goods produced from synthetic fibers, and are advantageous over chlorine-based bleaches in that they will not cause yellowing of fabrics even after repeated washings. In addition, the compositions of the present invention would be expected to cause considerably less loss in strength of fibers than do chlorine-based bleaches, and are also safer to use on colored materials. The present compositions can be safely employed in their concentrated or dilute forms, and may be used for presoaking as well as during washing. In the case of home or commercial laundering, the compositions of the present invention will normally be employed in conjunction with a soap or detergent, which may be provided as a part of the bleach/washing composition, or may be added separately to the wash liquor. In general, any commonly used soap may be employed for this purpose, for example, alkali metal salts of fatty acids, such as stearic and/or palmitic acids, or of rosin acids. Synthetic detergents which can be used with or without such soaps include the anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, ampholytic, non-ionic and semi-polar organic surface-active agents. Typical anionic detergents which can be employed in the practice of the present invention include various sulfates and sulfonates, such as alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sulfates of fatty acid-monoglycerides, olefin sulfonates, sulfonated fatty acids and esters, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, fatty isethionates, fatty acid oxyethylamide sulfates, oleylmethyltauride, and the like having aliphatic hydrocarbon chains of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and alkyl sulfate, alkyl polyether sulfate and alkyl phenol polyether sulfate salts such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkyl phenol polyether sulfates and mixed secondary alkyl sulfate alkali metal salts of 8 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of non-ionic surface active agents which can be used in the practice of the invention are the saponines, fatty alkanolamides, amine oxides and ethylene oxide condensation products with fatty acids, alcohols, polypropylene glycols, alkyl phenols, esters, and the like, especially those with alkyl chains of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and 3 to 20 glycol units per molecule. Examples of typically suitable cationic surface active agents include those based on diamines, e.g., N-aminoethyl stearyl amine and N-aminoethyl myristyl amine; amide-linked amines, e.g., N-aminoethyl-stearyl amide and N-aminoethyl-myristyl amide, quaternary ammonium compounds containing at least one long chain alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, e.g., ethyl-dimethyl-stearyl ammonium chloride and dimethyl-propyl-myristyl ammonium chloride; and the like. Any of the builders or other additives conventionally employed in bleach or detergent products can be used in the bleaching compositions of the invention. These include, for example, alkaline materials such as alkali metal hydroxides, phosphates (including orthophosphates, tripolyphosphates and pyrophosphates), carbonates, bicarbonates, citrates, polycarboxylates, borates and silicates, also alkanolamines and ammonia. Inert compounds such as alkali metal sulfates or chlorides can also be employed. It has been found that the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) in the aqueous bleaching/washing medium further enhances the bleaching action of the metal cyanamide-activated peroxide-based bleach. Hence, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, STPP or TSP (or a detergent containing either of these compounds) is added to the aqueous bleaching/washing medium in addition to the peroxide-based bleach and metal cyanamide activator. Other additives which may optionally be incorporated in or used in conjunction with the instant compositions include fabric softeners, germicides, fungicides, enzymes, anti-redeposition agents, flocculents, optical brighteners, colorants, perfumes, thickeners, stabilizers, suds-builders or suds-depressants, anti-corrosion agents, fluorescent agents and the like. The activated bleaching compositions of the invention may generally also be used for their germicidal properties in various applications, for example, as a disinfectant for use in the home, e.g., in kitchens, bathrooms, etc., for institutional use, for water treatment and the treatment of swimming pools, etc. The present invention and its benefits are further described in the following examples, which are intended only to be illustrative of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting. The following experiments evidence the improved bleaching action obtainable by practice of the present invention. The general procedure employed in these tests were as follows: Five hundred (500) ml of deionized water was added to a U.S. Testing, Inc. Terg-O-Tometer bath maintained at a temperature of 120� F and the hardness level of the water adjusted to 150 ppm as CaCO3 (Ca/Mg = 3/2 on a molar basis). The peroxide-based bleach (sodium perborate tetrahydrate) and metal cyanamide activator (crude calcium cyanamide) were then added to the wash water in the concentrations shown in Table I, and the water agitated to avoid localized concentrations of any one additive. The pH of the water in the bath was maintained in the general range of 10-11.5 throughout the test. Although sodium perborate and calcium cyanamide give alkaline solutions, a detergent was used to simulate home laundry conditions. In this example Tide containing 12.3 percent phosphorus (Tide, 12.3%P) was employed as the detergent. Finally, four swatches, measuring 4 � 4, of EMPA 115 cloth (a standard cotton bleach test cloth soiled with sulfur black dye) were introduced into the wash water and the agitator run for 10 minutes at 100 rpm. At the conclusion of the wash cycle, the swatches were removed and rinsed by squeezing under a tap. The test cloths were then dried and the reflectance values measured on a Gardner Reflectometer, Model UX-2, utilizing a G (green) filter. The change that occurred as a result of the bleach/wash cycle was reported as the change in percent reflectance value (ΔR), which equals the difference between the reflectance of the swatch after bleaching and the reflectance of the same swatch before bleaching. Thus the larger the ΔR value, the more effective the bleaching action. The compositions tested and the results obtained are presented in the following table: TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Experiment Bleach (SPB-4)a) CaNCNb) Detergent,c) pH Temp.No. mmoles/1 mmoles/1 g/l (final) � F ΔR__________________________________________________________________________1 8 -- 1.5 10.2 120 2.02 8 8 1.5 11.2 120 21.03 8 4 1.5 10.7 120 9.14 16 16 1.5 11.3 120 25.85 16 8 1.5 10.9 120 27.06 24 24 1.5 11.3 120 31.37 24 12 1.5 10.9 120 34.98 8 16 1.5 11.3 120 16.19 24 8 1.5 10.7 120 21.1__________________________________________________________________________ a) SPB-4 = sodium perborate tetrahydrate. b) Introduced as crude CaNCN (typical assay approximately 65% CaNCN) c) Tide, 12.3%P (Tide is a powdered detergent manufactured by Procte & Gamble Company). The foregoing test results indicate that the bleaching action of sodium perborate tetrahydrate is substantially enhanced when activated with various proportions of crude calcium cyanamide. In this example a series of experiments was conducted employing the preferred purified form of calcium cyanamide instead of the crude form employed in Example 1. Except as noted, essentially the same test procedure was employed as in Example 1. The compositions tested and test results are reproduced below. TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________ ΔRExperiment Bleach (SPB-4)a) CaNCNb) Detergentc) pH Temp Wash CycleNo. mmoles/1 mmoles/1 g/l Initial Final � F 10mins 20mins 30mins 60mins__________________________________________________________________________10 8 0 1.5 9.4 9.3 185 8.1 11.4 14.2 --11 8 8 1.5 9.7 10.0 185 33.0 38.9 41.6 --12 8 0 1.5 10.3 10.2 120 1.9 2.8 3.8 --13 8 8 1.5 10.7 11.4 120 11.9 24.3 33.4 --14 8 8d) 1.5 11.3 11.2 120 23.8 31.0 33.3 --15 8 0.8d) 1.5 10.4 10.3 120 5.8 7.9 9.7 --16 8 0 1.5 9.9 9.7 45 -- -- 0.5 1.117 8 8 1.5 10.9 11.0 45 -- -- 2.8 8.5__________________________________________________________________________ a) SPB-4 = sodium perborate tetrahydrate. b) Introduced as pharmaceutical grade CaNCN (typical assay approximately 96% CaNCN) c) Tide, 6.1%P. d) CaNCN activator dissolved in hot water prior to additon to Terg-O-Tometer. From the foregoing results it is apparent that CaNCN effectively activates sodium perborate over a wide range of temperatures, with the very substantial bleach enhancement benefits being achieved at a temperature of 120� F, which is representative of home laundering conditions in the United States. In this example a series of experiments was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of sodium acid cyanamide as a peroxide-based bleach activator. The peroxide-based bleach employed in these tests was either sodium perborate monohydrate or sodium perborate tetrahydrate. The test procedure employed was essentially the same as in Example 2 except as indicated. The compositions tested and results obtained are summarized in the following table. TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________ ΔRExperiment Bleach NaHNCN Detergenta) pH Temp. Wash CycleNo. mmoles/1 mmoles/1 Type g/l Initial � F. 10 mins. 20 mins. 30 mins. 60 mins.__________________________________________________________________________18 8b) -- -- -- 10.5 118 2.4 3.4 3.8 --19 8b) 8 -- -- 10.7 118 26.2 28.8 31.9 33.620 8b) 8 A 1.5 10.4 118 28.2 34.6 38.0 42.221 8b) 8 B 1.5 10.8 118 13.1 15.3 17.2 19.222 8c) 0.8 B 1.5 10.1 118 6.8 8.9 10.7 --23 8c) 80 B 1.5 10.9 118 6.2 7.2 8.3 --__________________________________________________________________________ a) Detergent A - Cheer, 0%P (Cheer is a powdered detergent manufactured by Proctor & Gamble Company). Detergent B - Tide, 6.1%P. b) Sodium perborate monohydrate. c) Sodium perborate tetrahydrate. From the above data it can be seen that sodium acid cyanamide materially enhances the bleaching activity of sodium perborate bleach in the presence or absence of detergents. In this example a solid bleaching composition in accordance with the invention was subjected to a high temperature storage stability test. In this test the composition was placed in a loosely capped bottle in an oven at 50� C and the bleaching effectiveness of the composition (ΔR) determined at the outset of the test, after 10 days storage and after encapsulation and an additional 27 days storage. The composition tested and the results obtained were as follows: 5.9%w Sodium acid cyanamide 18.6%w Sodium perborate monohydrate 10.6%w Magnesium sulfate, anhydrous 64.9%w Sodium carbonate, anhydrous ______________________________________Stability at 50� C ΔRa)Days in Wash CycleStorage 10 mins 20 mins 30 mins 60 mins______________________________________0 29 38 41 44 10b) 28 36 40 4337 26 34 36 39k______________________________________ a) Determined under essentially the same conditions as in Exaple 1, except that 1.5 g/l of Cheer, 0%P, was employed as the detergent. b) After 10 days the composition was removed from the oven and encapsulated with 12 parts of Neodol� 25-9 (a C12 --C15 linear, primary alcohol ethoxylate) per hundred parts of the composition. Encapsulation was effected by blending the composition with the encapsulating agent with mechanical agitation. After encapsulation, the composition was returned to the over and the test continued. The foregoing results indicate the encapsulated test composition retained approximately 90% of its bleaching effectiveness after 37 days storage at 50� C. It is understood that the foregoing detailed description of the invention is merely given by way of illustration, and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Patent Citations
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I took this photos for a class project :)
FollowI took this photos for a class project :)
Beyblade tho…
Kelley Blue Book
Take care of your eyes guys ~
無題 by Loble
Dear Original Beyblade fans,
if you plan to visit nico, don't you dare forget to watch aoarashi's videos.
His/Her Beyblade videos is so cool imo.
i wanted these to be a matching set but takao's head turned out sO BIG these looked awful next to each other so. just full view the rest. did this as a colouring practice but it's the first time i Actually drew all four of them
Much beyblade
so let it rip
Inspired by a text post from officialcrow.
my artistic contributions to this fandom keep getting worse
Beyblade Season 1
Tyson - Dragoon
Kai - Dranzer
Max - Draciel
Ray - Driger
Back to School Lai is my spirit animal
Though here kids never actually "leave" school, winter break ended a week ago and kids aren't happy, who is happy waking up early everyday anyway.
It's still too cold to be wearing short sleeves but i really didn't want to draw jackets /cry
Rest in piece Chikao Ohtsuka (1929-2015)
For those who don't know him, he was the seiyuu (or VA) of:
Nurarihyon (Nurarihyon no Mago)
Grampa (Beyblade to Beyblade G-Revolution)
Taopaipai (Dragon Ball)
Goemon Ishikawa XIII (Lupin the third in 1972)


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View Diary: WITNESS: The Brutal Asymmetry of the Israeli Occupation as Soldiers Pepper Spray Seated Villagers (180 comments)
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By Business Wire | Article Rating: |
December 10, 2012 06:41 PM EST | Reads: |
629 |
Autodesk, Inc. (NASDAQ: ADSK) today announced the pricing of two series of its senior notes in an aggregate principal amount of $750 million, in an underwritten, registered public offering. Of these senior notes, $400 million will mature on December 15, 2017, and will bear interest at an annual rate of 1.95 percent, and $350 million will mature on December 15, 2022, and will bear interest at an annual rate of 3.60 percent. The offering is expected to close on December 13, 2012, subject to customary closing conditions.
Autodesk intends to use a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the senior notes for the repayment of approximately $80 million in borrowings outstanding under its revolving credit facility plus accrued and unpaid interest. The remainder of the net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, possible stock repurchases and potential acquisitions and strategic transactions.
Citigroup, J.P. Morgan and Morgan Stanley acted as joint book-running managers for the offering. The offering of the senior notes is being made only by means of a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, copies of which may be obtained from:
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions 1155 Long Island Avenue Edgewood, NY 11717 800-831-9146 |
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
383 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10179 Attn – Investment Grade Syndicate Desk 212-834-4533 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC
180 Varick Street New York, NY 10014 Attn: Prospectus Department 866-718-1649 |
This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any of the senior notes, nor shall there be any sale of these senior notes in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction.
Cautionary Statement
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the satisfaction of customary closing conditions with respect to the offering of the senior notes, prevailing market conditions, and the anticipated use of the proceeds of the offering of the senior notes which could change as a result of market conditions or for other reasons, and corporate considerations and the impact of general economic, industry or political conditions in the United States or internationally. Additional risks and uncertainties relating to the offering, Autodesk and its business can be found under the heading "Risk Factors" in Autodesk's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2012, in the preliminary prospectus supplement relating to the offering and in the prospectus supplement relating to the offering to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Autodesk does not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or new information after the date of this press release, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
About Autodesk
Autodesk, Inc., is a leader in 3D design, engineering and entertainment software. Customers across the manufacturing, architecture, building, construction, and media and entertainment industries - including the last 17 Academy Award winners for Best Visual Effects - use Autodesk software to design, visualize, and simulate their ideas. Since its introduction of AutoCAD software in 1982, Autodesk continues to develop the broadest portfolio of state-of-the-art software for global markets. For additional information about Autodesk, visit www.autodesk.com.
Published December 10, 2012 Reads 629
Copyright © 2012 SYS-CON Media, Inc. — All Rights Reserved.
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SYS-CON Events announced today that Column Technologies, a global technology solutions company, will exhibit at SYS-CON's DevOps Summit 2015 New York, which will take place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Established in 1998, Column Technologies is a leader in application performance and infrastructure management for commercial and federal markets. The company is headquartered in the United States, with a diverse and talented team of more than 350 employees around th... Apr. 18, 2015 10:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,468 |
By Elizabeth White ProfitBricks has launched its new DevOps Central and REST API, along with support for three multi-cloud libraries and a Python SDK. This, combined with its already existing SOAP API and its new RESTful API, moves ProfitBricks into a position to better serve the DevOps community and provide the ability to automate cloud infrastructure in a multi-cloud world.
Following this momentum, ProfitBricks has also introduced several libraries that enable developers to use their favorite language to code ... Apr. 18, 2015 09:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,257 |
By Pat Romanski SYS-CON Media announced today that John Treadway's blog has exceeded 475,000 page views.
John Treadway, Vice President at Cloud Technology Partners, has surpassed 475,000 page views on the SYS-CON family of online magazines, which includes Cloud Computing Journal, Internet of Things Journal, Big Data Journal, Microservices Journal, and several others.
His blog home page at SYS-CON can be found at JohnTreadway.SYS-CON.com. Apr. 18, 2015 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,310 |
By Pat Romanski SYS-CON Media announced today that Blue Box as launched a popular blog feed on Cloud Computing Journal.
Cloud Computing Journal aims to help open the eyes of Enterprise IT professionals to the economics and strategies that utility/cloud computing provides.
Blue Box Cloud gives you unequaled agility, without the burden of designing, deploying and managing your own infrastructure. It's the right choice when public cloud just won't do.
Blue Box Cloud is a managed Private Cloud as a Service (... Apr. 18, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,233 |
By Pat Romanski SOASTA, the leader in performance analytics, today reported record growth of the CloudTest community, exceeding 30,000 registered users of the CloudTest platform in Q1 2015. SOASTA also announced widespread adoption of its Web and mobile testing solutions, with more than 1,600 customers completing more than 285,000 tests using CloudTest during the quarter. This rapid growth shows that DevOps-driven digital businesses are embracing a more continuous approach to testing, and CloudTest is meeting t... Apr. 18, 2015 08:00 AM EDT Reads: 973 |
By Liz McMillan SYS-CON Events announced today that Ciqada will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Ciqada™ makes it easy to connect your products to the Internet. By integrating key components - hardware, servers, dashboards, and mobile apps - into an easy-to-use, configurable system, your products can quickly and securely join the internet of things. With remote monitoring, control, and alert messaging capability, you will mee... Apr. 18, 2015 07:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,535 |
By Pat Romanski SYS-CON Events announced today that GENBAND, a leading developer of real time communications software solutions, has been named "Silver Sponsor" of SYS-CON's WebRTC Summit, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
The GENBAND team will be on hand to demonstrate their newest product, Kandy. Kandy is a communications Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) that enables companies to seamlessly integrate more human communications into their Web and mobile applicatio... Apr. 18, 2015 06:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,216 |
By Elizabeth White SYS-CON Events announced today that BroadSoft, the leading global provider of Unified Communications and Collaboration (UCC) services to operators worldwide, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's WebRTC Summit, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
BroadSoft is the leading provider of software and services that enable mobile, fixed-line and cable service providers to offer Unified Communications over their Internet Protocol networks. The Compa... Apr. 18, 2015 05:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,145 |
By Pat Romanski VoxImplant has announced full WebRTC support in the newest versions of its Android SDK and iOS SDK. The updated SDKs, which enable audio and video calls on mobile devices, are now compatible with the WebRTC standard to allow any mobile app to communicate with WebRTC-enabled browsers, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and, when available, Microsoft Spartan.
The WebRTC-updated SDKs represent VoxImplant's continued leadership in simplifying the development of real-time communication... Apr. 18, 2015 02:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,784 |
By Elizabeth White Chef and Canonical announced a partnership to integrate and distribute Chef with Ubuntu. Canonical is integrating the Chef automation platform with Canonical's Machine-As-A-Service (MAAS), enabling users to automate the provisioning, configuration and deployment of bare metal compute resources in the data center. Canonical is packaging Chef 12 server in upcoming distributions of its Ubuntu open source operating system and will provide commercial support for Chef within its user base. Apr. 18, 2015 01:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,703 |
By Roger Strukhoff The IoT Bootcamp is coming to Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo on June 9-10 at the Javits Center in New York. Instructor. Registration is now available at http://iotbootcamp.sys-con.com/
Instructor Janakiram MSV previously taught the famously successful Multi-Cloud Bootcamp at Cloud Expo | @ThingsExpo in November in Santa Clara. Now he is expanding the focus to
Janakiram is the founder and CTO of Get Cloud Ready Consulting, a niche Cloud Migration and Cloud Operations firm that recently got acquir... Apr. 18, 2015 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 892 |
By Liz McMillan PubNub on Wednesday released an open source template to allow developers to add Skype-like video chat into their apps. The free template provides a fully functional video chat platform using WebRTC, PubNub and Google Authentication for a global, reliable collaboration solution.
"While the WebRTC protocol has created huge excitement as a way to deliver video chat ubiquitously, there's still a gap between the protocol itself and the ability to deploy a working, globally scaled, collaboration appl... Apr. 18, 2015 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 7,386 |
By Elizabeth White Today, IT is not just a cost center. IT is an enabler and driver of business. With the emergence of the hybrid cloud paradigm, IT now has increasingly more capabilities to create new strategic opportunities for a business. Hybrid cloud allows an organization to utilize multi-tenant public clouds, dedicated private clouds, bare metal hosting, and the associated support and services for the right use cases through an on-demand, XaaS model. This model of IT creates tremendous opportunities for busi... Apr. 18, 2015 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 3,814 |
By Liz McMillan SYS-CON Events announced today that Optimal Design, an Internet of Things solution provider, will exhibit at SYS-CON's Internet of @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Optimal Design is an award winning product development firm offering industrial design and engineering services to the consumer, medical, and defense markets. Apr. 17, 2015 05:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,565 |
By Liz McMillan While DevOps most critically and famously fosters collaboration, communication, and integration through cultural change, culture is more of an output than an input. In order to actively drive cultural evolution, organizations must make substantial organizational and process changes, and adopt new technologies, to encourage a DevOps culture.
Moderated by Andi Mann, panelists will discuss how to balance these three pillars of DevOps, where to focus attention (and resources), where organizations m... Apr. 17, 2015 05:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,620 |


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The 2009 POS Hardware Showcase compiles the features and functions of leading point of service terminals and peripherals to help operators select the POS product that's best suited for their individual needs. Use this fast and easy reference when making your next POS hardware purchasing decision.
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text:
dc.contributor.author | Stanley, Daniel J. | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | James, Noel P. | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2006-11-15T21:35:53Z | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 2011-03-21T19:45:00Z | |
dc.date.available | 2006-11-15T21:35:53Z | en_US |
dc.date.available | 2011-03-21T19:45:00Z | |
dc.date.issued | 1971-04-27 | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences; 6 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0081-0274 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10088/833 | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | A combined bottom photographic and sampling survey of Sable Island Bank southeast of Nova Scotia, Canada, reveals locally high densities (to 180 individual/m2) of the northern sand dollar Echinarachnius parma. Populations of this form are closely related to texture of the sea floor and generally concentrated on moderately sorted fine to medium sand surfaces. Topography and current regime are also correlatable factors; depth, time, salinity, and temperature apparently are not. Sand dollars are second in importance, after current activity, in reworking surficial sediments, and these organisms modify at least a third of the total Bank surface in the study area. Bioturbation is particularly intense in the sector north of Sable Island. Associated epifauna and infauna populations occur in two east-west trending areas on the Bank north and south of Sable Island. Absence of conspicuous fauna, save E. parma, in an east-west zone along the crest of the Bank and near Sable Island results from extremely strong current activity concentrated in this region. | en_US |
dc.format.extent | 7419148 bytes | en_US |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en_US |
dc.title | Distribution of Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck) and Associated Fauna on Sable Island Bank, Southeast Canada | en_US |
dc.identifier.srbnumber | 113529 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.5479/si.00810274.6.1 |


text:
Art-house cinema in 3D to star at Berlin film fest
Art-house cinema in 3D, Ralph Fiennes's directorial debut and new thrillers starring Liam Neeson and Kevin Spacey will headline the 61st Berlin film festival starting Thursday.
A slimmed-down competition will see 16 films from around the world vying for the Berlinale's Golden Bear top prize, to be awarded by a jury led by Italian-American actress and director Isabella Rossellini on February 19.
And at the event's booming European Film Market where rights are traded, out-takes from a new movie made by Madonna are slated for a sneak preview, possibly in the presence of the pop superstar.
The festival will kick off with Joel and Ethan Coen's reimagining of the classic Western "True Grit", a US box office smash starring Jeff Bridges and Matt Damon that is nominated for 10 Academy Awards.
"Margin Call", the feature film debut of US director J.C. Chandor starring Spacey, Demi Moore and Jeremy Irons and set at an investment bank at the start of the financial crisis, will launch the competition Friday.
"One of the trends that we tried to set this year was toward younger directors and more young female directors in particular," festival director Dieter Kosslick, now on his 10th Berlinale, told reporters.
"We also wanted to discover new forms, which is why we opened up the programme to films made in 3D."
After a rash of Hollywood 3D blockbusters such as "Avatar" and "Toy Story 3", European auteurs are now discovering the artistic appeal of the format.
Berlin will showcase "Pina" by Wim Wenders ("Buena Vista Social Club") featuring the work of the late German choreographer Pina Bausch, Werner Herzog's documentary "Cave of Forgotten Dreams" and "Tales of the Night" by France's Michel Ocelot.
"I'm happy a director like Wim Wenders is testing the possibilities of 3D," Lars-Olav Beier, film critic at German weekly Der Spiegel, told AFP.
"We'll have to see if art-house 3D, which does not have to rely on special effects as much as blockbuster cinema, can develop its own aesthetic."
British actor Fiennes, a two-time Oscar nominee, will unveil his first effort from the director's chair: "Coriolanus", a retelling of the Shakespeare tragedy about a Roman general who mounts a rebellion against the empire.
Zoe Kravitz, the daughter of rocker Lenny Kravitz and actress Lisa Bonet, stars in US competition entry "Yelling To The Sky" by Victoria Mahoney about a 17-year-old girl fending for herself in a rough New York neighbourhood.
The newcomers will face a challenge from veterans such as Hungarian master Bela Tarr, who will screen "The Turin Horse" about a traumatic episode in the life of German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.
And Iranian film-maker Asghar Farhadi, who won a best director prize for his haunting drama "About Elly" at the 2009 festival, will be back with "Nader and Simin, A Separation" about an estranged couple reunited by a surprise event.
Beier of Der Spiegel picked that entry as his most keenly awaited.
Farhadi faced a production ban by Iranian authorities while making the film for comments in support of dissident director Jafar Panahi, whom the festival will honour this year. The ban was later lifted.
Neeson stars in "Unknown", a German-British-French production set in Berlin about a man who emerges from a coma to discover his identity has been stolen.
Kosslick said Madonna may personally present extracts of her new film "W.E", about the romantic adventures of two women with similar names, Wallis Simpson, the American lover of British King Edward VIII, and New Yorker Wally Winthrop.
Last year's Golden Bear prize went to Turkish drama "Bal" starring a seven-year-old boy as a struggling pupil who loses his father in a freak accident.
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