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How about that. An ex State Supreme Court Justice
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flairrick Feb 8, 2013
Sports Legend
An ex Supreme Court Justice with some logic and common sense. Good for him.
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NCAA: Division II Championship: Indiana (Pa.) vs. Florida Southern
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NCAAT: Louisville v. Michigan State
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NCAAT: Duke v. Gonzaga
Tomorrow at 5:05 pm on WRAL-TV
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Wolfpack and Cardinals meet in ACC footprintJeff Gravley
Seniors key to Triangle college baseball teamsJohn Manuel
The1BlueDevil: RT @mightytasdar: Tonight's Duke Blue Devil's Mascot will be played by Carlton Banks. #DukevsUtah #NCAATournament #MarchMadness
— Sat 1:11 a.m.
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TheDevilsDen: RT @Chris_Spatola: Final Fours: Krzyzewski 11 Pitino 7 Izzo 6 Calipari 5 Bo Ryan 1 Seasoned group. All playing for another.
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TheDevilsDen: RT @stephenschramm: "This has been one of my favorite groups. ... There's only been a good attitude." - Coach K.
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TheDevilsDen: RT @KrestACCWriter3: Wouldn't we all feel stupid if Coach K has been hiding a Tyus Jones injury and a crazy lady at a press conference brok…
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dukeblueplanet: "It felt really, really, really good." @graysonjallen on playing under the bright lights in the Sweet 16
— Sat 12:51 a.m.
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dukeblueplanet: 13th Elite 8 for Coach K. 2nd in 3 years.
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dukeblueplanet: Box score from the win. http://t.co/taMcwRaC4D
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Duke_MBB: "It feels very special to be able to play in your home town in front of your family and friends." @Chief_Justise
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dukeblueplanet: "Justise played like a man all night. He did everything we needed." @qcook323
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patrickwd: RT @harvardcrimson: .@HarvardTrack_XC Posts Strong Showings at Raleigh and Texas Relays http://t.co/AdvYWalPhz #GoCrimson
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dukeblueplanet: "He is one of the toughest guards in the Pac 12. I just wanted to make him work." @qcook323 on his defense v Delon Wright
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BlueDevil_NTWRK: And the dancing continues! @Duke_MBB headed to the #Elite8 with the 63-57 win over Utah! #GoDuke #BannerHunters http://t.co/vvA89O8kVf
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marshallplumlee: Here we go Duke! https://t.co/BFKuKYqArj
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dukeblueplanet: "What we didn't have nerves doing was playing defense. We played outstanding defense." Coach K
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dukeblueplanet: The GOAT ready for another Elite 8 http://t.co/4mX5HrIZIG
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TheDevilsDen: Halfway home.
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dre_dawkins: Yes sir Duke!!! Another w in the books and we're on to the next one!!! One at a time fellas!!!
— Sat 12:10 a.m.
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Ed Sheeran Is Your Co-Host For The 2015 Much Music Video Awards
Save your screams!
Get An Early Taste of The Roast of Justin Bieber In The Brand New Red Carpet Pre-Show
Watch the red carpet pre-show online.
OMG Rihanna Just Dropped Her New Single: Hear It Now!
Our new fave song
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December 29th, 2011
They're not having a very merry Christmas thanks to a new article in Star Magazine. The magazine conducted an investigation and says the Kardarshians are using a number of illegal factories in China to manufacture their clothing lines. The magazine claims the working conditions are poor, with dirty, stuffy rooms and high temperatures making people […]
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December 28th, 2011
It may be the middle of winter but JWoww is helping to heat things up with her new bikini ads for "Perfect Tan Bikinis." The Jersey Shore star personally helped to design these bikinis, which are made with teeny-tiny spaghetti straps that come off easily to avoid a bad tan line! (Not to worry though, […]
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Posted in Fashion | Posted by Tim
December 27th, 2011
What was #trending in YOUR closet in 2011? We're putting together our "best of" episode and we want to know what you were wearing, how you were doing your hair and what makeup products you were trying out! Then, make sure you watch #trending this Friday to see if our style experts and YouTube gurus […]
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Posted in Fashion | Posted by Tim
December 22nd, 2011
Yesterday, we told you about how "Pajama Jeans" are all the rage for guys this Christmas (sidenote: we have no idea why). Well today, there's news that boutiques are selling out of Dior pacifiers for babies! Yes, the high fashion label Dior is making those tiny rubber-and-plastic things babies suck on and slobber all over. […]
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Posted in Blog, Fashion | Posted by Tim
December 20th, 2011
It's finally here: the 2011 Kardashian Family Christmas Card has arrived and we love it! Kim posted a sneak peek on her official website today and there is just too much amazingness going on in the portrait! From Kendall and Kylie working it for the camera (proving their modeling careers are no fluke!), to the […]
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Posted in Fashion | Posted by Tim
December 19th, 2011
Want to send a holiday card that's both fashionable and festive? Ralph Lauren has introduced a line of free, animated e-cards you can personalize and send to your luxury-loving friends and family. There are nine options to choose from, including this super cute teddy-bear-in-a-snow-globe scene, and all are set to music. (The soundtrack for this […]
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Posted in Blog, Fashion | Posted by Tim
December 16th, 2011
I'm heading to Hawaii over the holidays and I can't wait to wear flip-flops, lay out in the sun and go swimming in the ocean. And I'm kinda hoping someone in my family buys me this amazing Vogue beach towel, to take with me. It would be THE perfect accessory! The limited-edition towel was released […]
Tags: #trending, vogue
Posted in Blog | Posted by Tim
December 15th, 2011
Barbie's getting an afro for Christmas! An African-American natural hair group decided to give Barbie's blond hair a dye job and a more "natural" curly look to show girls that it's "okay the way God made you." The group collected around 40 Barbies for the "makeover" (or "make-under?") and will donate the dolls to underprivileged […]
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Posted in Blog | Posted by Tim
December 14th, 2011
Watch out Khloe, Kourtney and Kim – the next wave of the Kardashian empire is upon us! There's buzz today that Kendall and Kylie Jenner are launching their own jewelry line! The two sisters definitely have a fashion following, with occasional modeling jobs and walking the runway at New York Fashion Week. Their style is […]
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Posted in Celeb Life | Posted by Tim
December 13th, 2011
Hello Kitty is really having a moment. Just months after she landed an exclusive T-shirt collaboration with Forever 21, our favourite feline character is on not one, but two covers of Elle Magazine Taiwan! To celebrate the magazine's 20th anniversary in Taiwan, Hello Kitty rocks some seriously trendy and flirty looks, including a black and […]
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Corporate governance amendments for credit rating agencies have been suggested by Iosco
MADRID – The final report for the new code-of-conduct for the credit rating agencies (CRAs) has been published, which includes amendments by the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (Iosco). Amendments to the Iosco code, released in March, address agency ratings for structured finance products and their processes and procedures.
Iosco's amendments prohibit CRA analysts from making proposals or recommendations for the design of rated structured finance products. Remuneration policies and practices, models, methodologies and decision-making processes will also be the subject of regular, objective and formal reviews. Employees must have appropriate knowledge of and training in products, while the rating agencies must publish transparent information about their ratings processes – including disclosing whether any one issuer, originator, arranger, subscriber or other client makes up more than 10% of the CRA's annual revenue.
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Nihonjin gakkō
|This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia. (November 2010)
Click [show] on the right to read important instructions before translating.
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2008)
Nihonjin gakkō (日本人学校 Nihonjin gakkō?), also called Japanese school, is a full-day school outside of Japan for native speakers of Japanese. It is an expatriate school designed for children whose parents are working on diplomatic, business, or education missions overseas and have plans to repatriate to Japan.
The schools offer exactly the same curriculum used in public elementary and middle schools in Japan, so when the students go back to Japan, they will not fall behind in the class. Some schools accept Japanese citizens only; others welcome Japanese speaking students regardless of citizenship.
They are accredited by Japan's Ministry of education and science and receive funding from the Japanese government. Every school has teachers transferred from Japan on a two- to three-year assignment. They hire locals as Japanese-speaking teachers, English and other language instructors, administrative assistants, gardeners, janitors and security guards. There were 85 schools worldwide as of April 2006,[3] and all of these schools provide English classes in the primary education.
Nihonjin gakkō serve elementary school and junior high school.[4] One nihonjin gakkō, Shanghai Japanese School, has a senior high school program.[5]
Schools that partially offer the nihonjin gakkō's curriculum after school hours or on weekends are sometimes called Japanese Schools, too, but strictly speaking they are categorized as hoshū jugyō kō or hoshūkō, a supplementary school.
Some of the nihonjin gakkō in Asia have a long history, originally established as public schools in the Japan-occupied territories in Thailand, Philippines, and Taiwan.[citation needed]
As Japan recovered after World War II, increased numbers of Japanese international schools serving elementary and junior high school levels opened around the world.[6] The first postwar Japanese overseas school was the Japanese School of Bangkok, which opened in 1956.[7]
The Ministry of Education of Japan, as of 1985, encouraged the development of nihonjin gakkō, in developing countries, while it encouraged the opening of hoshū jugyō kō, or part-time supplementary schools, in developed countries. However, some Japanese parents in developed countries, in addition to those in developing countries, campaigned for the opening of nihonjin gakkō in developed countries due to concern about the education of their children.[8]
In 1971, there were 22 nihonjin gakkō worldwide.[8] During the postwar rapid economic growth in 1950s to early 1970s and Japanese asset price bubble in 1980s, the country gained economic power and many sogo shoshas and major industries sent their employees all over the world. That was when many nihonjin gakko were established to educate their children in Asia, Europe, Middle East, North, Central and South America.[citation needed] The number of nihonjin gakkō increased to 80 in 1986 with the opening of Japanese schools in Barcelona and Melbourne. As of May of that year 968 teachers originating in Japan were teaching at these Japanese schools worldwide. That month 15,811 students were enrolled in those schools.[9] The number of nihonjin gakkō increased to 82 by 1987.[8]
In the early 1980s, 40% of Japanese national children living in Europe attended nihonjin gakkō, while almost 95% of Japanese national children living abroad in Asia attended nihonjin gakkō.[8]
Many Japanese parents abroad sent their children to Japan to attend high school after they completed the junior high school abroad, or leaving the children behind, so they could become accustomed to the difficult Japanese university entrance systems. Toshio Iwasaki, the editor of the Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry, stated that this reason inhibited the development of Japanese senior high schools in other countries.[6] The first overseas international schools that served the senior high school level were the Rikkyo School in England,[6] gaining senior high school level classes after 1975,[10] and the Lycée Seijo in France, which opened in 1986. By 1991 Japanese international senior high schools were in operation in the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany, Denmark, and Ireland.[6]
By 1991 many overseas Japanese high schools were accepting students who were resident in Japan, and some wealthier families in Japan chose to send their children to Japanese schools abroad instead of Japanese schools in Japan.[11]
While Japan was experiencing a major recession called the Lost Decade in the 1990s, so were nihonjin gakkō. Many of them were closed due to a dramatic decrease in enrollment.[citation needed]
With its rapidly growing economy, China is an exception. Schools in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong have been expanding and new schools had founded in Dalian, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Qingdao, Suzhou since 1991.[citation needed]
By 2004 there were 83 Japanese day schools in 50 countries.[7]
|This section requires expansion. (January 2015)
Nihonjin gakkō use Japanese as their language of instruction. The curriculum is approved by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) so that students may easily adjust upon returning to Japan.[7] For foreign language classes, each school usually teaches English and, if different, a major local language of the country.[7][12] Most nihonjin gakkō do not admit non-Japanese national students.[7]
|This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015)
As of 2005-2007 Japanese national parents residing in the United States and Europe,[7] as well as other industrialized and developed regions,[13] generally prefer local schools over nihonjin gakkō, while Japanese parents in Asia and the Middle East prefer nihonjin gakkō.[7]
In 2003 11,579 Japanese students living in Asia (outside of Japan) attended full-time Japanese schools, making up more than 70% of the Japanese students in Asia.[14] In Oceania 194 Japanese pupils attended full-time Japanese schools, making up 7.7% of the total Japanese students in Oceania.[15] In North America there were 502 students at full-time Japanese schools, making up 2.4% of Japanese pupils on that continent.[14]
Since the early 1990s more parents have chosen a local school or an international school over a nihonjin gakko.[citation needed]
- The parents prefer the children to receive education in English: Nihonjin gakko has only elementary and middle schools (Grade 1 through 9) that are mandatory in Japan. Some offer a kindergarten program as well as a high school program but it is uncommon. The children educated in English-speaking environment will be able to continue their education where they live with their parents. Otherwise they need to pass the entrance exam to enroll in a boarding school in Japan or one of the seven (as of October 2006) Shiritsu zaigai kyoiku shisetsu (私立在外教育施設) Japanese boarding schools worldwide.[citation needed]
- The parents take advantage of the situation and let the children be exposed to local culture and make non-Japanese friends.
- Many private and public Japanese schools have become flexible and accept expatriate students by having a separate requirements for admissions or offering exams in English.
|This section does not cite any references or sources. (April 2008)
Nihonjin gakkos tend to be in the following types of areas in the world:
- Area with a big Japanese temporary resident population such as London and New York. Many students are staying only for a few years for their parent's business.
- Area where English is not the official language such as Düsseldorf, São Paulo, Dubai, and Kuala Lumpur. Many parents would send their child to a local school if they lived in an English-speaking country.
As of October 2006:[16]
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- India
- Indonesia
- Bandung Japanese School
- Sekolah Jepang Jakarta
- Surabaya Japanese School
- Iran
- Malaysia
- The Japanese School of Kuala Lumpur
- The Japanese School of Johor
- Kota Kinabalu Japanese School
- Penang Japanese School
- Myanmar
- Pakistan
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Japanese School
- Dalian Japanese School
- Guangzhou Japanese School
- Hangzhou Japanese School
- Hong Kong Japanese School
- Qingdao Japanese School
- Shanghai Japanese School
- Shenzhen Japanese School
- Suzhou Japanese School
- Tianjin Japanese School
- Philippines
- Qatar
- Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Kaohsiung Japanese School
- Taichung Japanese School
- Taipei Japanese School
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- The Japanese School in Singapore
- Other schools catering to Japanese are Waseda Shibuya Senior High School in Singapore — a Shiritsu zaigai kyoiku shisetsu (私立在外教育施設) or overseas branch of a Japanese private school.[17]
- South Korea
- Busan Japanese School
- Japanese School in Seoul
- Sri Lanka
- Thailand
- Thai-Japanese Association School (Bangkok)
- Thai-Japanese Association School Sriracha (Si Racha)
- Turkey
- See Europe
- United Arab Emirates
- Vietnam
- Japanese School in Ho Chi Minh City
- The Japanese School of Hanoi
North America[edit]
- United States
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology classifies the following as overseas branches of Japanese private schools, or shiritsu zaigai kyoiku shisetsu (私立在外教育施設): They are not operated by Japanese associations.[17]
- Seigakuin Atlanta International School (Atlanta, Georgia)
- Nishiyamato Academy of California (Lomita, California)
- Day school not authorized but designated by Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Day schools neither authorized nor designated by MEXT
- Japanese Children's Society (a.k.a. New York Ikuei Gakuen) [1](Japanese) (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey)
- Sundai Michigan International Academy [2](Japanese) (Novi, Michigan)
Central and South America[edit]
- Argentina
- The Japanese School of Buenos Aires
- Brazil
- Escola Japonesa de Manaus
- Escola Japonesa de São Paulo
- Sociedade Civil de Divulgação Cultural e Educacional Japonesa do Rio de Janeiro
- Chile
- Instituto de Enseñanza Japonesa (サンチャゴ日本人学校) - Santiago
- Colombia
- Association Cultural Japonesa (in Bogotá)
- Costa Rica
- Escuela Japonesa de San José
- Guatemala
- Escuela Japonesa en Guatemala
- Mexico
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Colegio Japones en Asunción
- Peru
- Asociación "Academia de Cultura Japonesa" (Lima)
- Venezuela
- Colegio Japones de Caracas
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czech Republic
- France
- Germany
- Hungary
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Romania
- Russia
- Spain
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- Egypt
- Kenya
- South Africa
- Australia
- Guam (U.S.)
Former locations[edit]
- Algeria
- Nigeria
- Lagos Japanese School (ラゴス日本人学校) - Designated and certified on March 1, 1975 (Showa 50), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14)
- India
- Calcutta Japanese School (カルカタ日本人学校) - Designated on March 30, 1976 (Showa 51), certified on December 18, 1992 (Heisei 4), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14).
- Indonesia
- Medan Japanese School (メダン日本人学校)
- Iraq
- Baghdad Japanese School (バグダッド日本人学校)
- Kuwait
- Kuwait Japanese School (クウエイト日本人学校)
- Lebanon
- Beirut Japanese School (ベイルート日本人学校) - Designated February 10, 1972 (Showa 47), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14)
- Turkey
- Greece
- Japanese Community School of Athens (アテネ日本人学校, Greek: Ιαπωνική Σχολή Αθηνών)[22]
- Spain
- Las Palmas Japanese School (ラス・パルマス日本人学校)
- Former Yugoslavia
- Belgrade Japanese School (ベオグラード日本人学校)
South America:
- Brazil
- Belém Japanese School (ベレーン日本人学校) - Designated on February 25, 1977 (Showa 52), Certified on December 18, 1992 (Heisei 4), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14).
- Escola Japonesa de Belo Horizonte (ベロ・オリゾンテ日本人学校),[23] - Designated on February 6, 1982 (Showa 57), Certified on December 18, 1992 (Heisei 4), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14).
- Vitória Japanese School (ヴィトリア日本人学校) - Designated February 10, 1981 (Showa 56), Certified December 18, 1992 (Heisei 4), revoked March 29, 2002 (Heisei 14)
- Ecuador
- Quito Japanese School (キト日本人学校)
- ^ Ben-Ari, Eyal and John Clammer. Japan in Singapore: Cultural Occurrences and Cultural Flows. Routledge, 4 July 2013. ISBN 1136116184, 9781136116186. page unstated (Google Books PT34). "The biggest Japanese school in the world is in Singapore."
- ^ Hui, Tsu Yun. Japan and Singapore: A Multidisciplinary Approach. McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), 2006. ISBN 0071256237, 9780071256230. p. 278. "The Japanese school in Singapore has become the largest school of its kind outside Japan;[...]"
- ^ 在外教育施設の概要
- ^ Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community [electronic resource]: Japanese migration and residency in Australia (Volume 10 of Social sciences in Asia, v. 10). BRILL, 2007. ISBN 9004154795, 9789004154797. p. 136.
- ^ "(※4)文部科学大臣認定等在外教育施設(高等部を設置するもの)一覧(平成25年4月1日現在)" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Retrieved on March 1, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Iwasaki, Toshio. "Japanese Schools Take Root Overseas." Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry. Japan Economic Foundation (JEF, Kokusai Keizai Kōryū Zaidan), No. 5, 1991. Contributed to Google Books by the JEF. p. 24. "The number of overseas elementary and junior high schools for Japanese children has increased in postwar years in parallel with the growth of the Japanese economy and the surge in the number of Japanese corporate employees dispatched abroad. However, there was no senior Japanese high school outside Japan until Rikkyo School in England was founded in 1972 in the suburbs of London. It remained the only overseas Japanese senior high school for the next 14 years."
- ^ a b c d e f g (Catalan) Fukuda, Makiko. "El Collegi Japonès de Barcelona: un estudi pilot sobre les ideologies lingüístiques d'una comunitat expatriada a Catalunya" (Archive). Treballs de sociolingüística catalana, 2005: 18 (2004). See profile at Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert (RACO). p. 216. "Des que es va establir el col.legi japones de Bangkok l'any 1956, actualment sumen 83 escoles a 50 paisos d' arreu del món." and "El seu currículum escolar segueix el que disposa el Ministeri perque els nens no trobin inconvenients quan tornin al Japó (Goodman, 1993). Amb alguna excepció, la majoria no són oberts als nens no japonesos" and "La llengua vehicular d'instrucció és el japones, i generalment, s'imparteixen les classes de la llengua local, juntament amb les d'angles." and "S'observa una certa tendencia depenent de l'area: en els pa'isos asiatics, o de Proxim i Mig Orient, s'observa una tendencia a triar els col.legis japonesos, mentre que a Europa i als Estats Units la majoria prefereixen enviar els nens a escoles locals."
- ^ a b c d Goodman, Roger. "The changing perception and status of kikokushijo." In: Goodman, Roger, Ceri Peach, Ayumi Takenaka, and Paul White (editors). Global Japan: The Experience of Japan's New Immigrant and Overseas Communities. Routledge, June 27, 2005. p. 179. "Official policy (see Monbusho, 1985) was that Nihonjingakko should be set up in developing countries, hoshuko in the developed world."
- ^ "Section 4. Well-Being of Japanese Nationals Overseas" (Archive). Diplomatic Bluebook 1987 Japan's Diplomatic Activities. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved on March 8, 2015.
- ^ "INFORMATION IN ENGLISH." (Archive) Rikkyo School in England. Retrieved on 8 January 2014. "Guildford Road,Rudgwick,W-Sussex RH12 3BE ENGLAND"
- ^ Iwasaki, Toshio. "Japanese Schools Take Root Overseas." Journal of Japanese Trade & Industry. Japan Economic Foundation (JEF, Kokusai Keizai Kōryū Zaidan), No. 5, 1991. Contributed to Google Books by the JEF. p. 25.
- ^ (Catalan) Fukuda, Makiko. "El Col·legi Japonès de Barcelona: un estudi pilot sobre les ideologies lingüístiques d'una comunitat expatriada a Catalunya" (Archive). Treballs de sociolingüística catalana > 2005: 18 (2004). See profile at Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert (RACO). p. 218: "El col·legi Japones de Barcelona, així com els altres col.legis japonesos, realitzen l'ensenyament de la llengua "local" (per a ells aquesta és el castella) i de l'angles a mes del japones. "
- ^ Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community [electronic resource]: Japanese migration and residency in Australia (Volume 10 of Social sciences in Asia, v. 10). BRILL, 2007. ISBN 9004154795, 9789004154797. p. 139.
- ^ a b Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community [electronic resource]: Japanese migration and residency in Australia (Volume 10 of Social sciences in Asia, v. 10). BRILL, 2007. ISBN 9004154795, 9789004154797. p. 138.
- ^ Mizukami, Tetsuo. The sojourner community [electronic resource]: Japanese migration and residency in Australia (Volume 10 of Social sciences in Asia, v. 10). BRILL, 2007. ISBN 9004154795, 9789004154797. p. 138-139.
- ^ 日本人学校及び補習授業校の児童生徒在籍数等
- ^ a b "私立在外教育施設一覧" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Retrieved on March 1, 2015.
- ^ "The New Jersey Japanese School." GreatSchools.
- ^ "過去に指定・認定していた在外教育施設" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Retrieved on January 15, 2015.
- ^ Kobori, Iwao (Conseiller aupres del'Universite des Nations Unies). "L'Algerie et moi" (Archive). Japan-Algeria Center. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.
- ^ "学校の概要" (Archive). Ankara Japanese School. Retrieved on January 15, 2015. "Horasan Sok.No.6 G.O.P.ANKARA TURKEY"
- ^ Home page. Japanese Community School of Athens. Retrieved on January 15, 2015.
- ^ Home page. Escola Japonesa de Belo Horizonte. Retrieved on January 15, 2015.


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Perfect opportunity for brand builders and product marketers with an entrepreneurial mindset who are excited about Consumer Products and getting in at the stealth stage of a venture-backed startup.2/20/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
The Director, Sales Operations is a full-time position based in New York City, reporting to the Vice President, Sales Enablement and Operations. This role is responsible for building the business strategy around AppNexusâ CRM platform and working with the business units3/13/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
AppNexus is looking for a Sales Enablement Analyst to join our growing Publisher Strategy & Operations team. The Sales Analyst will work closely with our Global Sales and business enablement teams to build out and manage lead research and pipeline management processes,3/12/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Req No. 2015-1747 Job Location US-NY-New York City Category Sales/Presales More information about this job: Overview: We have an immediate opportunity for an Inside Support Sales Representative for our Support Contract Services team in our New York City office. Must have two3/24/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Summary: BATS, the second-largest U.S. equities market center, is actively seeking a Sales Director, Market Data and Connectivity Sales. Location: New York, NY Responsibilities ? Generate revenue through sales of BATS Market Data and Connectivity Services products. ? Identify3/20/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Job Locations US-NY-New York City Category Sales Travel 25% Level Manager (People Manager) Options: Apply for this job online Refer a friend to this job More information about this job: Overview: MediaMath is currently seeking VP of Sales for North America. The ideal3/18/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Location: New York Opportunity: Today?s communications landscape is dynamic and increasingly complex. Actiance allows companies to use email, enterprise social software, unified communication, instant messaging, and social media in a way that allows them to improve collaboration3/18/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Commercial finance sales position responsible for originating, onboarding, and managing institutional relationships with receivables and/or supply chain finance prospects in partnership with the NYSE. Sales targets include: 1) Fortune 1000 Treasury and Corporate Finance clients3/16/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Commercial Finance/Treasury Software sales position responsible for lead generation and inside sales related to receivables and/or supply chain finance prospects in partnership with the NYSE. Sales targets include: Fortune 1000 Treasury and Corporate Finance clients as Sellers of3/16/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
New York, New York Job Description All Coverd, a division of Konica Minolta Business Solutions, is seeking an Area Sales Manager to join our team. Responsibilities: - Attract, hire, train, develop, motivate & manage IT Services Consultants, and lead them to achieve all quota3/16/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Hearsay Social is the leader in social business for the financial services industry, helping advisors and agents efficiently and successfully use social media to attract prospects, retain customers, and grow business. In short, we help financial services teams grow their business3/13/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
About the company: NetBase is a world-class social analytics start-up, chosen by world-famous brands such as Coca Cola, Johnson & Johnson, Ralph Lauren, Yum Foods and Nickelodeon to deliver social, live analytics for action ? through industry leading speed and accuracy. Located3/11/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
The Account Director is responsible for the full cycle of Digital and Mobile Advertising Sales support from pre-sale Sales Planning through Advertising Account Management and everything in-between. If you have Digital and/or Mobile Advertising Sales Planning experience, have3/3/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Sales Engineer New York, NY Sales Engineering Elasticsearch is on a mission to make real-time data exploration easy and available to anyone. We spend our days engineering the world?s most advanced open source search and analytics engine, which is rapidly becoming the most3/2/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
About Us In simple terms, we are attacking the traditional cash register business. For more than a century, these clunky boxes have taken up valuable counter space at bars, restaurants and coffee shops, and have served as a costly impediment to small business ownership. We are2/25/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Job Description BetterCloud is looking for a highly motivated Sales Development Representative to join our rapidly growing team. We value hard work and attitude over experience, and are looking for an individual who wants to roll-up their sleeves and make an immediate impact on2/25/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Business Development and Sales New York, NY Apply Now Send Jobvite Sales Engineering Manager?? As platform and solutions become a larger percentage of our offerings, OpenX needs a strong Sales Engineering organization to deliver proof points, help drive deeper relationships and2/23/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
About the Job Inside Sales: Do you have what it takes to join a fast growing global technology company? Are you interested in developing a sales career? Are you a go-getter? If so, this position is the perfect path to advancement! We are looking for a motivated Inside Sales2/23/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Client & Partner Services New York, NY Apply Now Send Jobvite Description Sales Engineer is a primary technical resource and partner with Business Development when selling OpenX?s platform technology to our prospects and accounts. The Sales Engineer is responsible for2/23/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Sales New York, NY, United States About Us At AppDynamics, our Application Intelligence Platform helps today's software-defined businesses proactively monitor, manage and optimize the most complex software environments. All in real time, and all in production. With cloud and2/22/2015 New York, NY Save This Job


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The Palms
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews The Palms St Ives
Travel Blogs from St Ives
Cyder and Castles
... settling on the best one being from in an old rum barrell, so it has a hint of rum flavour. Very tasty. We wandered round the farm, checking out all the factory equipment and some farm animals - peacocks, chickens, fluffy goats, and some black pigs obsessed with licking the floor.
Moving on we headed to Tintagel, where we parked up and ...
Lands End and Seals
... From here we decided to head back and to our delight, the seals were still there! We got comfty for the show and watched again as they played and provided us with plenty entertainment.
From Lands End we drove the scenic route around the coast to St Ives. We strolled through the lovely streets and cobbled lanes until we emerged on the seafront. It's very picturesque here with a large sandy harbour and a beautiful sandy beach backed by sand dunes in the bay ...
Lizards, Islands and Sunsets
... special experience to watch a play here. Carved into the stone of some of the seats are the names of the plays that have been performed here over the years. Pretty cool. There's also an awesome view of the cliffs and sandy cove from the cafe here.
With the sunset looming we continued West to catch it at Lands End. It had been a stunning day of clear blue skies and winter sun, so the sunset was well worth it. The sky lit up with beautiful ...
... thousands of Tata lorries delivering all kinds of produce and materials, all these were apparent. But the cows still meandered on motorways, the rice fields are still cultivated by colourful sareed women, every scrap of usable material is gathered up and recycled, even the cow-dung is carefully collected by hand and fashioned into neat cakes to be dried and then used for fuel. Barter is still an accepted form of trade and, however mean his stall, the ...
So we left Salisbury for a trip which Miss Google of the maps said would take about 4 hours, this turned out to be wildly optimistic, we left at 9 and didn't get in to Penzance until 5 (although we did stop in Devon for Devonshire tea and visit the Dartmoor zoo on the way). The countryside is so picturesque and we got to drive some properly narrow country lanes bordered by hedgerows. Linda, I've put in a photo for you of a very ...
Other places to stay in St Ives
Tregenna Castle HotelTreloyan Avenue, St Ives | 3 star hotelfrom $204
- Bored?!! Impossible!!
- A good hotel
- Beautiful setting, disappointing hotel.
Chy-An-AlbanyAlbany Terrace, St Ives | 3 star hotelfrom $191
The Borthalan Hoteloff Boskerris Rd, Carbis Bay, St Ives | 4 star hotelfrom $141
St. Ives Harbour Hotel & SpaThe Terrace, St Ives | Hotelfrom $246
Carbis Bay Hotel & SpaCarbis Bay, St Ives | 3 star hotelfrom $333
Pedn Olva HotelWest Porthminster Beach, St Ives | Hotelfrom $211
Primrose Valley HotelPorthminster Beach, St Ives | 3 star hotelfrom $165
- Ganz einfach die nettesten Menschen auf der Welt
- A Gem Of A Hotel
- Great Hotel
The Garrack HotelBurthallan Lane, St Ives | Hotelfrom $233
Bay St. Ives Bay HotelThe Terrace, St Ives | Hotelfrom $277
The Queens HotelHigh Street, St Ives | Hotelfrom $139
The NookAyr, St Ives | Hotelfrom $134
Channings3 Talland Rd, St Ives | Hotelfrom $93
Cottage HotelBoskerris Road, St Ives | Hotelfrom $117
Howards HotelSt. Ives Road, St Ives | Hotelfrom $83
Hotel St. EiaTrelyon Avenue, St Ives | Hotelfrom $197
BeechwoodSt. Ives Road, St Ives | Hotelfrom $138
Skidden HouseSkidden Hill, St Ives | Hotelfrom $93
Boskerris HotelBoskerris Road, St Ives | 4 star hotelfrom $242
- Almost perfect!
- What a fab. place
- Nice but a little disappointing


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Sacramento Housekeepers
Find housekeepers in Sacramento, CA today! Average housekeeping rate: $12.00/hr. Share this rate with friends.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
In the summer of 2014 I lived in a woman's home from my church. I was responsible for cleaning the house, feeding the pets, and watering plants. After working for this woman many other older women wan...
1 yr of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I am an honest, patient, energetic, hard-working person who is seeking employment. I am extremely neat and organized by nature so cleaning comes naturally to me. Ever since I was little I never had an...
1 yr of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I did one year of residential housekeeping. I have worked for a drug & alcohol facility. I am hardworking & passionate about keeping things clean!
1 yr of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I am a very neat and organized person and I grew up having to do chores and clean the house every day. I am great at cleaning and will have no problem doing any cleaning task.
0 yrs of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I have 6 years of professional housecleaning experience. I will make your house sparkle! I am available Monday through Friday.
6 yrs of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I am very experienced in cleaning houses through my own home. In the past I also helped few close friends and family.
0 yrs of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I have over 7 years of professional housekeeping experience. I am very thorough and I pay close attention to detail. I use my own products, which I have been using for years. I love to clean and I am ...
7 yrs of exp.
Housekeeper — Sacramento, CA
I clean houses for my family members and I clean my own house as well. I love to keep a neat and tidy living space and surprisingly enjoy cleaning other people's homes. I am very detail oriented and h...
4 yrs of exp.
Housekeeping — Sacramento, CA
I've been babysitting and housekeeping since I was 11 years old. My neighbors have hired me and paid me to clean their house multiple times, which included: kitchen, oven, stove, bedroom, vacuuming, d...
8 yrs of exp.
Housekeeping — Sacramento, CA
I have been doing it since childhood. I know how to clean your house fast and cheap. I can do all the jobs that you don't want to or you're too busy to do.
3 yrs of exp.
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Welcome to LMTmag.com, the social and information hub of the dental lab industry. Connect with industry peers and vendors, ask questions, sign up for events, review products, read LMT articles and industry news and more!
Jorge Martinez posted to The Complete Guide to Setting and Processing Implant Overdentures in LAB DAY East 2012
Looking to signing up for your clinic. - Jorge Martinez - JM Dental Laboratory, Inc.


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In 2004, Unti planted an experimental block (only 800 vines) of Grenache Blanc, Picpoul and Vermentino, varietals that are grown in the sunny climate of Provence. The wise folks at Unti figured that if the Dry Creek Valley's climate worked with such red Rhone varietals as Grenache, Mourvedre and Syrah, it would probably be swell for some of the whites, too. 2007 was the first harvest from this block, and Unti's hunch was soon backed by a pure, clean and delicious result. In this new vintage, a mineral character along with apple/pear fruit and laser-like acidity characterizes this wine. It's aged in older, neutral French oak. Very little made, so get yours now!
Below is a listing of the wine review scores we frequently reference in our notes. While these sources remain an excellent source of information, we always recommend that you trust your own palate. Scores in these publications often represent the personal taste of an individual critic, which may not always coincide with your own. We have a huge team of excellent wine professionals that can match wines you've had in the past with new arrivals that meet your flavor profile.
The item you have chosen is not in stock in our retail stores or within our main
2006 Roederer Estate "L'Ermitage" Anderson Valley Brut
2010 Domaine Carneros Brut Sparkling Wine
2001 Kalin Cellars "Cuvee LVSB" Livermore Valley Sauvignon Blanc
1999 Kalin Cellars "Cuvée DD" Sonoma County Pinot Noir
2009 Martinelli "Bella Vigna" Russian River Valley Chardonnay (Previously $45)
View Price


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casino burst© Sonulkaster - See portfolio
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Serozzetta Door Handles Available to Buy Online!Get Alumina Pre-Finished Internal Doors Now!Get 15% Off FREE FOLD Oak Internal Door Frame SystemGet 15% Off FREE FOLD White Internal Door Frame SystemGet 20% Off Beech Loft LadderDoors and Door Handles - The JAS Timber Quality CollectionSpecial Offer on Borg Digital LocksGet 10% Off Overhead Door ClosersBuy Roto Roof Window Blinds Here!Get 20% Off Pine Mouldings & Beadings
6mm PLYWOOD : WBP Hardwood Faced Plywood
- 2440x1220x5.5mm ( Approximately 8x4x1/4" ) - Probably 5.4mm as a sanded thickness;
- Chinese Hardwood long-grain veneered ply - B/BB Grade, or similar;
This ply is more stable and generally will swell, twist or warp less than a softwood core plywood.
- 21/05/2014 - Colour at present is the standard reddish-pink of Red Mahogany Hardwood, although it can vary to a cream or brown;
There are .. plys - one thicker central ply & and two thinner outer plys.
- Plywood origin, specifications and grading may change from batch to batch;
Buyers should satisfy themselves as to the suitability of a particular plywood for their application, prior to purchase.
Specification is complex for Plywoods - SEE - SPEC. PAGE
(This can be 4x4 - 4x32" - 4x2 or 2x2 SIZES FOR PACKING - Less sawcuts);
PUT YOUR PACKING SIZES in the SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS BOX before ADDING TO BASKET.
For special size cutting on Sheet Materials select MACHINING in YARD
For a better cut in the Workshop select MACHINING in WORKSHOP - for more accuracy, & to reduce the spelching on the underside of the sheet;
6mm WBP PLYWOOD FULL SHEETS 2440X1220mm CAN BE ORDERED ONLINE; (PLEASE CONTACT US REGARDING DELIVERY COST)
ADD TO BASKET, THEN PLEASE Continue Shopping<--- & ADD (...) OF THE DELIVERY ITEM TO BASKET: JAS DELIVERY
- Timber is a natural product - variations in knots, colour and grain should be expected; They are not defects.
It is possible to get other sheet sizes - eg 10x4, 10x5; (3050x1220mm & 3050x1525mm) - USUALLY IN THICKER SIZES
Other thicknesses of Hardwood Plywood - WBP HARDWOOD PLYWOOD - All Sheet Materials - PANEL PRODUCTS
There are no reviews yet.


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- This days-old pup's DNA will determine his new home....Tuesday 5 August 2014
- Monday 9 June 2014
- Friday 6 June 2014
- Wednesday 4 June 2014
- This spring Central Australia is set to bloom with carpets of wildflowers. Take a sneak peek with Gary Dinham from the Alice Springs Desert Park. ...Sunday 28 July 2013
Explore by Topic
Latest Deserts stories on ABC Alice Springs
Latest Deserts stories on ABC Online
- High and dry buffel grass has left Red Centre rural areas just about ready to burn....Friday 23 January 2015
- In an unprecedented move, the Qatar 2022 soccer World Cup will be held in November and December and not in the traditional mid-year timeframe. The recommendation has been made by a FIFA taskforce, ahead of an executive meeting next month. European clubs say they'll be demanding compensation for ...Wednesday 25 February 2015
- Dam fences may dry up cane toads' outback push...Wednesday 4 February 2015
- Mars holds a special fascination, and its in the news again of late, with the Mars Rover celebrating 10 years spent gathering crucial scientific data from the planet. The award winning science writer Craig Childs would love to visit elsewhere in our solar system, and in an article for Orion ...Saturday 27 December 2014
- The crown of thorns starfish - a major threat threat to the Great Barrier Reef - has turned up in large numbers on reefs off Western Australia. CSIRO researchers have found high numbers of the coral-eating invertebrates on reefs adjacent to the Pilbara's deserts and iron ore mines. ...Thursday 4 December 2014
Explore ABC Alice Springs by Topic
Latest videos
Latest audio
- Thor Mining executive chairman Mick billing says interested investors are now reviewing the precious metal prospect near Alice Springs.
- Speaking pen brings elder's words to life
- David Lans from Kintore, 500km west of Alice Springs, talks about life in a remote community.
- There's been a lot of talk about shale gas in the Beetaloo Sub-basin at a two-day Geo Science Exploration Seminar in Alice Springs
- Conlan rules out by-election


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Dumb American kids should NEVER review Premier League games (with video evidence)September 1st, 2009
Dennis Denilson and William Galgas are my favourite Arsenal players too
Dip in to scour the latest Deadline Day titbits...
Dennis Denilson and William Galgas are my favourite Arsenal players too
Derby's Robbie Savage, of all people, has waded in, calling Tyson a "disgrace"
Latest whisper on Transfer Street says that Niko Kranjcar has passed a medical at Spurs
When José Mourinho left Chelsea, the Premier League lost its most entertaining gaffer by far. Thankfully, Arsene Wenger seems to have taken it upon himself to fill José's loafers.
Got an idea who this Villa player is?
Sincere apologies if this gives you nightmares for months
Oh dear. Blatant dive by the Croatian
Robinho, you're through to the next round of Britain's Got Talent
A dark evening for English football began with fighting in the Upton Park area
"Look, I'm not a fucking buftie, and that's the end of it"
From all I've read and seen, there won't be much to separate the two this time around
After posting up our Unpopular XI, here's the flip side of the coin, namely the Prem's good guys


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Shoshone Lodge & Guest Ranch
No availability found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this lodge rated in the past?
Photos of Shoshone Lodge & Guest Ranch
Travelers also recommend:
TripAdvisor Reviews Shoshone Lodge & Guest Ranch Cody
Travel Blogs from Cody
Lots more WOW's and great visiting
... visiting, drinks and another great dinner together. Because Pam still works (ugh!) she drove up in time for dinner and birthday cake!
Unbelievable view from the RV bedroom window of the trees and the fast rushing stream. We had fallen asleep the night before listening to its gurgling. What a peaceful sight! Jim and Annie picked us up to be our personal tour guides for Yellowstone and the first stop for pictures was Sylvan Lake, then on to ...
Beartooth or Bare Truth?
... should call back to verify an emergency, I recalled. They did and told me a Ranger was on his way up and should be there in a few minutes… and he was.
I quickly told him what had happened, assuring him I had not shot the bear and that he might awake at any time. The Ranger, Lacey and I climbed into the Ranger's vehicle and waited. In a few minutes the bear began to stir and then tried to get up. It seemed he was caught in ...
Home for Christmas in Dallas (Part 2 of 2)
... or benefits and he would never let me pass up a kid's lemonade stand. But, above all, I knew- the gift he had made for my parents was perfect.
That evening we went to the midnight mass at our Episcopal Church. I had bought Cody a blazer and some flannels and, with a blue shirt and red tie, he was most handsome. Dad and I were dressed much the same and that made Cody especially proud of the way he looked. He had been to church a few ...
Driving time is thinking time
... much more than a simple drive up and down hills and the pictures won't do it justice. Anyway, I'm in Cody, Wyoming for the night. I got a tour of the town which is quaint. They have alcoholic slushies that can be taken into restaurants because they seal the cups in plastic for transportation between buildings. I got orange dreamsicle. Delicious. I had a club sandwich for dinner and I'm exhausted for such a jam-packed day. Tomorrow is Yellowstone. Until ...
Home for Christmas in Dallas (Part 1 of 2)
... handle a snack and she moved off towards the kitchen.
I led Cody into the living room, where there was a fire crackling in the large stone fireplace. It was beautifully decorated for Christmas with a huge balsam fir at the far end. "Wow!" Cody said, moving closer to me. I sat down on a couch and he sat next to me, not daring to lean back for fear of dirtying something.
"You boys have had quite a trip," my dad ...


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New tool for making trails/cutting firelines/clearing bushes
Hawk Designs has came up with a new tool that attaches to a chainsaw and chews right through most shrubs and grass. This project has been developing for several decades and is almost complete. The tool is called the Hawk Power Scalper and it is almost ready to move on to the next stage. After years of research and development, Hawk Designs is preparing to move on to selling the product in both the USA and Canada first through kickstarter.com, then later through their own website.
With the motor (We use Husqvarnas most of the time) the set-up weights about 24 pounds. The tool itself weight about 10 pounds.
The tool would cost about 1000$. It works similar to a rototiller. It is designed to eradicate biomass on top of mineral soil. It can essentially make its way through any weeds/grass/shrubs where the stems are a maximum up to an inch thick. Presently it is being used for making trails for recreational purposes, and for making fire line trails for back-firing purposes. It is also being used for vegetation control where it is not appropriate to use chemicals to fight weeds.
Before Hawk Designs moves on to the next stage, it needs to figure out what it's market is. That's where I come in, I am in charge of either shutting down the project or giving it the green light.
It was originally developed for screefing: going to deforested cut blocks and cleaning out all the shrubs, weeds, grass and moss to allow tree planting in the area. This gave the trees a better chance to survive due to the reduced competition.
The tool is made to fit on either Stihl or Huskvarna chainsaws. The tool has been proven to quickly and effectively tear through bushes (such as blackberry and raspberry bushes), any type of grass, weeds, moss and more.
This is very useful for: Construction, cutting fire lines, creating trails (for biking, hiking, quadding ect), screefing and just general maintenance.
I created a survey right here, so I can determine whether people want it or not.:
The survey's only purpose is to determine it's marketability. We wanted to know if people would buy a product like ours if it was available, we are not yet interested in revealing every detail. This survey is a preliminary survey.
If enough interest is generated, we will follow this up with another survey that includes a video of the product in action.
Thanks for your support!
Here is a link that might be useful: The Survey
"we are not yet interested in revealing every detail."
It doesn't look like you are interested in releasing ANY details from which a person could decide if such a device is practical or not. So how could a "survey" carry any weight? You might as well say that you'll be selling magic wands.


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- List of properties
- Properties on map
9 commercial properties for sale found
£595,000 Offers Over
Offers Over £595,000
commercial property for sale 62 Craigmoss Guest House, Pilrig Street, Pilrig, Edinburgh, EH6 5AS
A thriving guest house business run from a traditional Victorian mid-terraced villa situated just over one mile to the north of Edinburgh City Centre. The property retains many period features and offers excellent owners accommodation as well as seven letting bedrooms (two family and five double)... More details ›
Marketed by Hunters Residential, Edinburgh. Call: 0131 291 0063 Local call rate
£550,000 Offers Over
Offers Over £550,000
Land for sale 5 Glenlockhart Bank, Craiglockhart, Edinburgh, EH14
A rare opportunity to acquire a building plot. More details ›
Added on 27/11/2014 by Savills, Edinburgh. Call: 0131 291 0073 Local call rate
£425,000 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £425,000
8 bedrooms
guest house for sale Sakura, 18 West Preston Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9PU
Seven bedroom victorian terraced property comprising of main door access level - City centre location More details ›
Added on 27/02/2015 by McEwan Fraser Legal, Scotland. Call: 0131 291 0136 Local call rate
£370,000 Offers Over
Offers Over £370,000
0.12 acres
Land for sale 2 Dowies Mill Lane, Edinburgh
A single house plot extending to 0.047 hectares (0.116 acres). The plot overlooks the River Almond in a secluded and private location in a sought after area of Barnton. More details ›
Added on 10/10/2013 by Strutt & Parker, Edinburgh. Call: 0131 291 0066 Local call rate
£135,000 Guide Price
- 9
- 0
Guide Price £135,000
Commercial property for sale 74, Walter Scott Avenue, Edinburgh, EH165RJ
Tenanted Commercial Property Investment located in the Edinburgh. Property on 21 year Lease. . More details ›
Marketed by Future Property Auctions, EDINBURGH. Call: 0131 291 0069 Local call rate
- 6
- 0
Commercial Property for sale BAGUETTE EXPRESS, EDINBURGH, 222 Gorgie Road, Edinburgh, Scotland
A fantastic opportunity has arisen to acquire a thriving franchise Baguette Express business located in the in the West End of Edinburgh on Gorgie Road. Founded in 1999, Baguette Express is one of the UK's fastest growing retail-based food franchises within the expanding world of healthy sna... More details ›
Marketed by CCL Residential, Elgin. Call: 01343 206011 Local call rate
Shop for sale BOSWALL PARKWAY, Edinburgh, EH5
Butchers. Edinburgh, Midlothian. T/O: £122,000 GP: 45%. Huge scope. Well-equipped. Prime location. Loyal customer base. More details ›
Marketed by Magic House Sales, Bolton. Call: 01204 773133 Local call rate
£55,000 Offers Over
Offers Over £55,000
Plot for sale 132 Slateford Road
Perfect opportunity to acquire land (WITH PLANNING) which is situated on one of Edinburgh busiest main roads in and out of the city, (SLATEFORD ROAD) a huge volume of ... More details ›
Added on 16/10/2014 by Sturrock, Armstrong and Thomson, Edinburgh. Call: 0131 291 0094 Local call rate
Convenience Store for sale NEWINGTON ROAD, Edinburgh, EH9
Convenience store. Edinburgh, Midlothian. T/O: £468,000. Busy high street location. Property was refurbished in 2006. 3 large unused rooms have development potential. Overall scope for huge future development and growth. Substantial ground floor lock-up retail premises. More details ›
Marketed by Magic House Sales, Bolton. Call: 01204 773133 Local call rate
- 1


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Samsung, Dell, other OEMs to bundle Microsoft apps, services on Android tablets
Microsoft has struck deals with 11 Android tablet makers, including Samsung and Dell, to preload a number of Microsoft's applications and services on Android hardware.
Microsoft has struck deals with 11 Android tablet makers, including Samsung and Dell, to preload a number of Microsoft's applications and services on Android hardware.
These two popular enterprise Linux server operating systems are getting an Active Directory and container friendly refresh.
Parallels can now integrate the 2X RAS server into its solutions to improve corporate use of Parallels virtual desktop software.
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text: http://www.linuxquestions.org – "Ed" My first question is really a meta-question. I had crafted my careful networking question on "Debian Help" (perhaps this is my first faux paux on LQ even mentioning this?), and I posted it in a general category because I did not see a networking category, and only learned afterwards that this was a kind of grandfathered read-only category (so how the heck was I able to post in the first place?). Bottom line: I don't expect to see a response there anytime soon, and am wondering how long to decently wait before reposting instead in the networking forum here, without tr (HowTos)


text:
Posts from Sugar
Edible Gift Idea: Toasted Coconut Sugar
Santa's Cookie Recipe: Holiday Snowballs
It's the holiday season and while my household celebrates Christmas, we're also just as likely to attend holiday events that don't necessarily match its red and green theme. (Hanukkah, Solstice, Buddha's Enlightenment, etc.) I love to bring a plateful of cookies as a gift or put luck offering, so this year I gave my usual Christmas cookie recipe some new, more ecumenical party clothes. Read on for the transformation!
No Hammer: A Better Way to Break Up Unrefined Sugar
How To Make Sugared Raspberries
Sugared raspberries are an elegant touch for any dessert. They are at once crunchy and soft, bursting with sweetness and natural flavor. They are a real surprise when you bite into one and the liquid juices meld with crystals of sugar. Best of all, you can apply this same technique to other seasonal fruits: Blueberries, Italian plums, blackberries, even rose petals are wonderful when sugared. You don't need very many of these sparkling sweets — they are very potent. Read on for step-by-step photos and instructions on how to make these easy treats.
Must Try: Homemade Gum Drops
I might have ditched my sweet tooth awhile back, but that doesn't stop me from being intrigued about things like homemade gummy bears and now gum drops. They'd be perfect for a work day snack or something pretty for a party. The best part? They're far easier to make than you'd ever imagine!
On Saying Goodbye To Baking & Hello To — What?
For many years I've been known for my sweet desserts. I made it a point to master tricky cheesecakes and pie dough. I pressed myself to learn French techniques and attempt classic pastries. Who doesn't love the friend who shows up at a party with a sweet treat? Well, recently I have made some lifestyle changes, and I suddenly find myself with an empty place where my baking used to be.
What's the Difference? Muscovado, Demerara, & Turbinado
Sweet & Simple: Homemade Flavored Sugar Cubes
How Can I Reduce the Sugar in Baking Recipes?
Good Questions
Q: I started baking a lot in the last few years, almost always sweet recipes. But I prefer my baked goods subtle, not headache-inducing, and I always measure sugar scantly or outright reduce by a quarter-cup or so. But I know that sugar does more than sweeten - it adds moisture and improves texture, and who doesn't want a good moist breakfast cake?
Is there a good way to offset the negative effects reducing sugar has on the texture of a baked good (quick breads and cakes, mostly)? More liquid, an egg yolk, using honey or maple syrup in smaller amounts instead of granulated sugar? I'm not worried about the nutrition of sugar, just things being too sweet!
Sent by Bailey
Bridget's Simply Spectacular Sugar Cookies
Although we've probably seen a million and a half different sugar cookies over the last several months, none — and we mean none — compare to those of Bridget over at Bake 350. She fills and floods with all the artistry we could ever hope to achieve. Check out a few favorites from Harry Potter to the Holidays!


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text:
Page 1
A Generic Layer Model for Context-Aware
Communication Adaptation
Bassam El Saghir Noel Crespi
RS2M Department
GET / Institut National des Telecommunications
Paris, France
{bassam.el_saghir, noel.crespi} @int-edu.eu
Abstract— Personal communications are facing many challenges
created by mobility and convergence in today's communication
networks. People often find themselves interacting with their
devices in attention-constrained environments and deal with a
bewildering variety of communication services, devices and
access technologies. Many solutions tried to resolve this issue by
relying on context-awareness. However, they suffered from
drawbacks that hinder their deployment in the consumer market.
In this paper, we discuss the implementation of INCA (Intelligent
Network-based Communication Assistant), a multi-layered agent
for context-aware adaptation of personal communications. This
agent relies on a generic layer model that is applied to each of its
layers, therefore enabling an intuitive and easy to implement
The concept of personal communications has much evolved
since the early days of telephony. This evolution is driven by
two main factors: mobility and convergence. Both factors
provide undeniable advantages to the user. Mobility (mostly
associated to the development of wireless communications)
allowed users to be reached anywhere and anytime.
Convergence, on the other hand, allowed users to access a wide
variety services using any available device and/or network.
Still however, both factors have also their negative impacts.
For example, mobility allowed users to be reached in
inconvenient situations (e.g. work meetings) and attention-
constrained environments (e.g. driving). On the other hand,
convergence, which is occurring at three levels simultaneously
(service, terminal and network levels [8]), creates confusion for
the average user by forcing him to choose among a plethora of
services (e.g. voice call, SMS, email, instant messaging),
devices (e.g. fixed phones, mobile phones, laptop PCs, PDAs,
smartphones) and networks (e.g. GSM, GPRS, UMTS,
WLAN, xDSL).
Most of the solutions developed to address mobility and
convergence issue relied on context awareness, which consists
of using information about the user and his environment (such
as user activity, location, device capabilities and network
status) to assist him in handling his communications. The
problem however is that these solutions focused more on the
modeling and provisioning aspects of context information and
did not sufficiently tackle the adaptation aspect, in other words
the exploitation of this information to adapt communications
according to communication constraints and user preferences.
We believe that tackling the adaptation issue is very
important for building
communication solutions, and that it involves studying three
distinct albeit inter-related levels: session level where user
communications are materialized as protocol-specific sessions
for signaling and media exchange, communication level where
user communications are integrated into a full fledged
communication environment involving various concepts
(including users, locations, devices and networks) and user
level where user profiles, preferences and expectations are
modeled to provide personalized services. Studying the
relations between these levels is also very important in order to
mirror, as closely as possible, the relations between these levels
in the real world.
successful context-aware
In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of
INCA, an Intelligent Network-based Communication Assistant
that provides services for user communications (e.g. filtering,
redirection, content adaptation and automatic initiation of
sessions) based on context information about the user and his
surrounding environment [4]. We start by defining a generic
layer model (section II). This model is then used to build
INCA's architecture by applying it successively to each of its
layers (section III). Finally, we provide a brief discussion of
related work in this field (section IV).
A. Motivation for layered control
A key issue for achieving successful context-aware
adaptation of communications is relying on a comprehensive
model of the real world where communications are actually
taking place. This model is gradually built and updated using
context and communication signaling information and provides
support for deciding on actions that affect this environment.
We view the world model as being decomposed into three main
levels: session level involving protocol-specific sessions for
signaling and media exchange, communication level involving
a communication environment representing various concepts
(such as user identities, locations, devices and networks) and
user level focusing on user-specific information such status,
profiles and preferences. Therefore, the best way to deal with
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this decomposition is to develop a multi-layered architecture
where each layer interacts with the world model at one of its
Another reason for favoring the layered approach is
performance. In fact, most communication standards adheres to
strict real-time constraints aimed at improving user experience,
particularly by minimizing session establishment time but also
by reducing overhead time for mid-session changes (which
may prove critical for
communications such as voice calls). Unfortunately, context-
aware adaptation tends to significantly increase communication
processing and signaling overhead, thus creating serious
performance issues. In this context, adopting the layering
approach optimizes overall performance by delegating simple
tasks that require fast processing to lower layers, while leaving
more complex and time consuming tasks to higher layers.
real-time and interactive
Therefore, as part of our efforts to develop an intuitive and
easy to implement architecture over Jena [12], we designed and
implemented a generic layer model that could be reused at each
layer by changing only the object on which it operates. The
next section introduces this generic model and describes the
interaction between two consecutive layers implemented
according to this model.
B. Description of INCA's layer model
Fig. 1 represents two consecutive layers modeled according
to the generic layer model. Each of these layers keeps track of
its corresponding object by maintaining an internal state model
of it, and relies on the layer immediately below for receiving
events and executing actions.
Both events and actions have impact on the internal state
model of the object. An event received from the layer below is
processed by the event module to produce an assumption,
which represents the state that the corresponding object is
assumed to have when the event was dispatched. This
assumption is applied by updating the object's current state to
the assumed state. Similarly, the execution of an action by the
action module produces an expectation, which represents the
state that the object is expected to have after being subjected to
this action. This expectation is materialized by the addition of
the expected state to the object state model.
When the object model in one layer evolves (as a result of a
received event), it may reach a state that may be relevant to the
evolution of the object model in the upper layer. This state is
called a mapping state and is associated with a mapped state in
the upper layer. In order to enforce this mapping between
states, the event module of the lower layer detects the evolution
of its corresponding object model to a mapping state and
generates an event that is transmitted to the event module of the
upper layer. The latter module translates this event to a mapped
state and transmits it to its own object model, therefore causing
this model to evolve to this new state. We note that the process
of interpreting an event as a mapped state represents actually
the assumption process.
When the object model in one layer needs to evolve to a
particular goal state (e.g. as a result of a predefined rule in this
layer), the action module of this layer infers the required action
from this evolution and transmits it to the action module of the
layer below. The latter module translates this action to a plan.
A plan consists of a sequence of expected states and a list of
associated actions where each action governs the transition
from one expected state to another. It may also contain a
sequence of events to be received in case it is correctly
executed. A plan contains one or more intermediate states, but
must always end with a mapping state in order to signal the
completion of the plan to the upper layer. This latter layer then
updates the current state of its object module by transforming
its expected state into an assumed state.
A. Overview
INCA comprises four layers ordered in increasing level of
complexity: message layer, session layer1, dimension layer and
user layer. Communication between two consecutive layers
follows the "interaction" concept which was already introduced
in [4]. The next sections describe how each of these layers
were implemented using our generic layer model.
B. Message layer
The message layer represents the bottom (and the most
basic) layer in INCA's architecture. Unlike the upper layers, it
does not implement any internal object model, but it provides
the event and action modules that the upper layer (session
layer) relies on.
This layer deals with message-level interactions, also called
"reactive" interactions because they require simple yet fast
processing. An example of such interaction is detecting
1 Formerly known as operation layer in [4]
Figure 1. Generic layer model
State description:
Past state Normal (non mapping) state
Current (assumed) state Mapping state (layer n)
Future (expected) state Mapped state (layer n+1)
Links description:
State mapping Cross-layer event propagation
Module output Cross-layer action propagation
Page 3
messages that require reception acknowledgment and
dispatching the required responses. Event recognition at this
layer consists of parsing incoming messages and extracting
their headers and values. Reasoning consists of reactive rules
that analyze these values in order to determine header values
for new messages to send (if any). Action execution consists
of structuring these values into messages which are then
C. Session layer
1) Overview
This layer is responsible for managing communication
sessions. It maintains information about session states for
devices communicating with it. At the current stage of
implementation, it natively supports the Session Initiation
Protocol or SIP [15] (a SIP stack was especially integrated for
this purpose). However, it may indirectly support other
protocols by interfacing with special gateways via SIP (as
demonstrated for SMS [1] [2] and ISDN [3] [14]).
2) Object model
For SIP based sessions, the object state maintained by this
layer is normally the dialog state of the session at the remote
user agent. However, we designed the dialog FSM (Finite State
Machine) so that it can simultaneously represent the state at
both the local and the remote user agents, therefore eliminating
the need to maintain two separate dialog states per session.
Consequently, for sessions directly involving INCA with
another party, one dialog state is sufficient for tracking both
dialog states at the local and remote user agents. Similarly,
when INCA is acting as a back-to-back user agent (B2BUA)
for a session between two different parties [15], it maintains
two dialog states (one for each of the user agent client/server
pairs) instead of the normal four.
3) Events and actions
Events received from the message layer consist of messages
parsed as header/value pairs. Each received message is
processed by the event module in order to compute the new
current state that the session's dialog at the other party is
assumed to have when it sent that message. In Fig. 2(a) for
example, the reception of a "200 OK" response triggers the
assumption that the dialog at the other party has already moved
to the "confirmed" state. Therefore, the internal dialog state is
updated to this assumed state.
Actions executed by the action module of the session layer
consist of header/value pairs that are transmitted to the message
layer. Before transmission of each action, the action module
computes the state that the session's dialog at the other party is
expected to have after receiving the message. In Fig. 2(a) for
example, the transmission of an "INVITE" request triggers the
expectation that the dialog at the other party should move to the
"initiated" state after receiving this request. Therefore, this
expected state is added to the internal dialog state model.
4) Interaction with the dimension layer
An event is generated from the session layer to the
dimension layer when the dialog of a session reaches a
mapping state. For SIP sessions, we defined three mapping
states: "Initiated", "Established" and "Terminated". Events
generated by these states respectively indicate that session
establishment is in progress, session is already set up and
session has ended.
Figure 2. State diagram representations of SIP sessions for six scenarios
Figure 2(c). Session relaying between two parties Figure 2(d). Third party call control (3PCC) [13]
Idle Idle Idle
Initiated Initiated
Proceeding Proceeding Proceeding Proceeding
Alerting Alerting Alerting Alerting
Confirmed Confirmed Confirmed Confirmed
Established Established Established Established
Figure 2(e). User-initiated session termination Figure 2(f). INCA-initiated session termination
Figure 2(a). Session initiated by INCA to user Figure 2(b). Session initiated by user to INCA
Symbol description:
Sent message Non mapping state
Received message Mapping state
Transition between user agents
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Each action received from the dimension layer is analyzed
by the action module of the session layer in order to retrieve
the corresponding plan for executing it. For SIP based sessions,
a plan consists of a sequence of dialog states and the
corresponding sequence of sent messages (actions) and
received messages (events) needed for realizing it (Fig. 2).
Therefore, when an action is received from the dimension
layer, the dialog states of the corresponding plan are
successively added to the session model as expected states. At
the same time, the associated actions are successively executed
and appropriate events received, resulting in the progressive
transformation of the expected states into assumed states. We
note that if a particular plan fails (e.g. because of timeout or
because of the reception of an unexpected message), a backup
plan is executed and the dimension layer is notified
D. Dimension layer
1) Overview
This layer aims at integrating information about different
sessions as well as context into one single model known as the
communication environment model. This model relies on two
concepts, dimension and communication, which will be first
introduced in the following sections.
2) The dimension concept
A dimension is defined as a variable that describes a
particular aspect of the user's world, such as user identity,
location, device… Each dimension has its own distinct list of
possible values that cannot be shared by any other dimension.
Two types of dimensions
communication dimensions
Communication dimensions are used to characterize a
communication (see section III.D.3) and comprises six
dimensions (also known as the six W's of communication):
Who (involved persons), Which Device (communication
devices), Where (network), What (content type), When (time
parameters) and Why (subject or purpose of communication).
In contrast, situation dimensions do not directly describe a
communication but identify factors that may influence a
communication such as location and connection bandwidth.
be distinguished:
dimensions. situation
3) The communication concept
A communication is defined as an abstract relation between
two or more parties involving a unidirectional or bidirectional
information exchange over a communication network. It is
identified by two sets of values of communication dimensions:
one describing the caller and the other describing the callee
(Fig. 3). Since we are focusing primarily on communication
adaptation on the callee's side, the communication dimensions
mentioned in this paper refer by default to the callee, and all
caller dimensions will be ignored with exception of two: the
caller identity (Who) which we will refer to as "Caller" for
disambiguation, and the session subject (Why) which is
applicable only to the caller.
Based on this definition, we consider a session as being a
protocol-specific implementation of a communication. We also
note that, unlike communication dimensions, the parameters
that characterize a session are specific to the session type (e.g.
phone numbers for voice calls, email addresses for emails …),
and that each parameter could be mapped to one or more
communication dimensions. For example, a fixed phone
number is mapped simultaneously to a Who value (e.g. "Bob")
and a Which Device value (e.g. "fixed phone").
4) Object model
The object maintained by this layer is the environment
where communications are taking place. This environment is
described by the set of all possible values that dimensions may
have. The state of this environment at a given time is
determined by two factors: established communications and
context. Established communications are represented by
temporary bindings between dimension values that describe
these communications. For example, a communication
involving Bob's desktop PC would be represented by links
between the values "Bob" (from the Who dimension) and
"Bob's desktop PC" (from the Which device dimension) and a
temporary dimension value representing the communication.
As for context, however, we chose not to represent it by
specific dimensions (such as location or device) but by
relations between dimensions (e.g. a device located in a
particular location or a user owning a specific device). In our
communication model, context is materialized by links between
dimension values. The graph resulting from these links is
known as the dimension diagram.
Fig. 4 shows a part of this dimension diagram. It includes
four communication dimensions (Who, Which Device, Where
and What) and two situation dimensions (Location and
Bandwidth). A link between two communication dimensions
implies that, for any two values chosen from these dimensions,
these values cannot be parameters of the same communication
unless there is an actual link between them. A link between two
communication dimensions and a situation dimension implies
that, for any two values chosen from the communication
dimensions, these values cannot be parameters of the same
communication unless they are linked to the same value in the
situation dimension.
Information about user and environment context (such as
user presence, device profiles and locations, network
capabilities…) are received by context modules (Fig. 4) mainly
through subscriptions to context information servers (e.g.
Presence server [7], terminal capabilities server [5] and
location server). These modules interpret the received
information as changes in the appropriate links and integrate
them in the dimension diagram.
Figure 3. An example representation of a communication
Fixed phone
Voice call
Which device
Desktop PC
VOIP session
Page 5
5) Events and actions
The event module of the dimension layer receives events
about session state changes from the session layer (see section
III.C.4)). For each event it receives, it first maps the concerned
session to a communication by converting the session
parameters into communication dimension values using
information about user subscriptions. Then, it analyzes the new
state of the session (mapping state). In SIP based sessions for
example, if the mapping state is an "Initiated" state, the event
module of the dimension layer adds an expected state to its
object model indicating that the corresponding communication
will be established. If the mapping state is an "Established"
state, the latter state becomes an assumed state (i.e. the
communication is already established). If the mapping state is a
"Terminated" state, the communication is assumed to be
terminated and the temporary links between the corresponding
dimension values are torn down.
Actions at this layer consist of control instructions aimed at
starting, relaying, modifying and terminating communications.
Examples of control instructions for a communication with a
single party or between two parties were already given in Fig.
2. For each action aimed at a particular communication, the
action module converts the dimension values of the concerned
communication into session parameters before relaying the
action to the session layer.
6) Interaction with the dimension layer
An event is generated from the dimension layer to the user
layer when the dialog of a session reaches a mapping state.
Unlike the session layer however, the mapping states for the
dimension layer are not predefined, but depend on the user
preferences at the user layer. In fact, the condition part of each
preference in the user layer is used to compute the links of
interest of this preference in the dimension layer diagram.
When changes in the diagram involve these particular links,
they create a mapping state that, in turn, triggers an event
which is propagated by the event module of the dimension
layer to the user layer.
E. User layer
1) Overview
This topmost layer in INCA hierarchy is mainly responsible
for implementing user preferences. These preferences mainly
consist of monitoring the communication environment for
relevant changes (in context as well as communications) and
triggering actions that manipulate communications such as
forwarding, modification of parameters, termination and
initiation of new communications. The next sections describe
how user preferences are implemented according to the generic
layer model.
2) Object model
Each preference in the user layer is a combination of two
parts: condition part and action part. The condition part is
associated to a condition verification state that, when assumed,
indicate that the corresponding conditions are met. The action
part is associated to an action execution state that, when
assumed, indicates that the corresponding actions were
correctly executed. Preferences may share the same condition
part (meaning that they are triggered by the same events, e.g.
preferences (b) and (c) in Fig. 5), or they may share the same
action part (meaning that they trigger the same actions, e.g.
preferences (c) and (d) in Fig. 5).
3) Events and actions
The condition part of each preference specifies the links in
the dimension layer diagram that must be monitored in order to
trigger this preference. When these links reach the desired
Figure 4. Dimension layer diagram
Links description:
(a) owns (or has right to use)
(b)(d) is located in
(c) has subscription to
(e) covers
Symbols description:
Communication dimension
Situation dimension
(g)(h)(k) supports
has interface to
can render
Context information
Context Module
Presence &
User Presence
& subscriptions
(b) (c)
(d) (e)
(i) (k)
(g) (h)
User & device
Figure 5. User layer preference model
set 1
set 1
set 2
set 2
set 3
set 3
Symbol description:
Condition verification event Condition verification state
Preference execution action Action execution state
Action confirmation event Original/final state
Page 6
states, the event module of the dimension layer detects a
mapping state and transmits a condition verification event to
the event module of the user layer (see section III.D.6). This
latter module matches the event to the relevant preference(s),
causing the corresponding condition verification state to
become an assumed state. Then, the corresponding action parts
are executed by the action module, causing the corresponding
action execution state to become an expected state. Once the
user layer receives event confirming the completion of these
actions, this latter state becomes an assumed state, indicating
that the corresponding preferences were correctly applied.
Many context-aware systems have been developed to
demonstrate the benefits of context-aware computing. One of
the earliest systems of this kind was the Active Badge Location
System [17] which provides phone call redirection based on the
location of the called person. Although it was developed more
than fifteen years ago, this solution, and later context-aware
solutions, did not make their way through from research labs to
the consumers market. This is especially true for the personal
communications domain, in spite of the readily available
wireless network infrastructures.
We believe that the main reason behind this problem is that
most of the previous solutions focused mainly on developing
infrastructures and mechanisms for context provisioning (i.e.
acquisition, modeling and dissemination) and did not
sufficiently consider the next and more crucial step: context-
based adaptation. For example, the Context Broker
Architecture (CoBrA) [11] was primarily developed for
supporting context-aware systems by addressing issues such as
context modeling and reasoning, knowledge acquisition from
different context sources and user privacy protection. The
Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM)
proposed in [10] aimed at supporting acquisition, discovery,
and interpretation of context information to build context-
aware services.
Even the few existing work that deals with communication
adaptation (such as [6] and [16]) did not propose any detailed
adaptation mechanisms. The only significant work in this area
is the personal assistant proposed by Cisco [9]. Its main
drawback, however, is that adaptation rules are very limited
and should be explicitly specified by the callee.
In this paper, we described the implementation of INCA
(Intelligent Network-based Communication Assistant). We first
introduced a generic layer model that could be reused across
INCA layers, therefore enabling a well-structured and easy to
implement architecture. Then, for each layer, we described
how this model is implemented and how interaction with
adjacent upper and lower layers takes place. Future work will
mainly focus on extending INCA's compatibility to include
session protocols other than SIP. Performance and conflict
management issues at each of INCA layers will also be studied.
[1] 3GPP TS 23.204, "Support of Short Message Service (SMS) over
generic 3GPP Internet Protocol (IP) access; Stage 2 (Release 7)," v7.3.0,
June 2007.
[2] 3GPP TS 24.341, "Support of SMS over IP networks; Stage 3 (Release
7)," v7.1.0, June 2007.
[3] 3GPP TS 29.163, "Interworking between the IP Multimedia (IM) Core
Network (CN) subsystem and Circuit Switched (CS) networks (Release
7)," v7.7.0, June 2007.
[4] B. El Saghir, N. Crespi, "An Intelligent Assistant for Context-Aware
Adaptation of Personal Communications",
Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), March 2007.
[5] B. El Saghir, N. Crespi, "A New Framework for Indicating Terminal
Capabilities in the IP Multimedia Subsystem", IEEE GLOBECOM-
ISET, November 2006.
[6] W. Li, F. Kilander and C. G. Jansson, "Toward a Person-Centric Context
Aware System," Workshop on Requirements and Solutions for
Pervasive Software Infrastructures, May 2006.
[7] 3GPP TS 22.141, "Presence service; Stage 1 (Release 7)," v7.0.0,
December 2005.
[8] 3G Americas, "Convergence: An Outlook on Device, Service, Network
and Technology Trends," July 2005.
[9] Cisco Systems, "Cisco Personal Assistant 1.4," Datasheet, 2005.
[10] T.Gu, H. K. Pung and D. Q. Zhang, "A service-oriented middleware for
building context-aware services," Journal of Network and Computer
Applications, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 1-18, January 2005.
[11] H. Chen, "An Intelligent Broker Architecture for Pervasive Context-
Aware Systems," Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, December
[12] J. J. Carroll, I. Dickinson, C. Dollin, D. Reynolds, A. Seaborne and A.
Wilkinson, "Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations,"
Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference,
alternate track papers and posters, New York, USA, May 2004.
[13] J. Rosenberg, J. Peterson, H.Schulzrinne, G. Camarillo, "Best Current
Practices for Third Party Call Control (3pcc) in the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3725, April 2004.
[14] G. Camarillo, A. B. Roach, J. Peterson and L. Ong, "Integrated Services
Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) to Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) Mapping," RFC 3398, November 2002.
[15] J. Rosenberg et al., "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol," RFC 3261, June
[16] A. Schmidt, A. Specker, G. Partsch, M. Weber and S. Hoeck, "An agent-
based telecooperation framework," In Proceedings of CoBuild'98,
Darmstadt, Germany, February 1998.
[17] R.Want, A.Hopper, V. Falcao and J Gibbons, "The active badge location
system," ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 10, Issue 1,
pp. 91-102, January 1992.
IEEE Wireless


text:
In response to:
Cher,get your head out of your AS!
Old this happens hourly!
In response to:
Us must be an idiot, if we killed most of them I think the war would be over.
It's hard to believe that this POS is still aroune!
In response to:
I agree other wise we need a red, white, brown etc. months!
In response to:
Run,hide or lie typical elected Democrats! They don't want to hear the truth just like Obama!
In response to:
The difference between Jordan and the USA is they have a warrior and we have a POS!
Reid ,get your head out of oBama's a--.
Searchlight Nevada, is missing it's village idiot!


text:
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