text:
12LPF 1.2GHz Wireless Transmitter Low Pass Filter - Silver + Red + Golden
- Color: Silver + Red + Golden
- Material: Aluminum alloy
- Designed for 1200MHz-1390MHz wireless A V transmitters
- Low insertion loss, less than 0.7dB typical at 1300
free shipping
(2 Reviews)
» DIY Parts & Components
Add To Cart
T-100 Universal Qi Wireless Transmitter Charger for Samsung / HTC / iPhone - Black
Color: Black Brand: N A Model: T-100 Material: ABS Quantity: 1Piece Compatible Models: Samsung HTC iPhone etc Input Voltage: 5V Output Current: 1500mA Output Voltage: 5V
(0 Review)
» Wireless Chargers
TDL-9906A 315MHz Wireless Transmitter Module - Green
- Transmitting rate: 10K bps
- Suitable for signal control, magnetic door lock, remote detection, wireless security alarm field etc.
(1 Review)
2.4G Wireless Guitar Audio Anti-interference Transmitter - Black
digital. 2.4G transmission, enjoy the pleasure of wireless. Transmission distance is 20m, anti-interference. Delay time is short. Support a pair of multimode. Battery use Li
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TS321 2.4GHz 500mW 8-CH Wireless AV Transmitter - Silver
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433MHz Wireless Transmitter Module Superregeneration for Arduino
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» Transmitters & Receivers
Wireless Infrared Re-Transmitter Set - Black + Silver
- With this transmitter set, you can remote control your home appliances from a distance up to 100m
- Consists of a transmitter and receiver
- Transmission frequency
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PAT-640 5.8GHz Wireless A/V STB Transmitter with Receiver Set (Blue)
. - Wireless transmission is suitable for one-floor - The transmitter and the receiver are used in the same channel in a pair and can be used in the modes of point-to-multipoint or
(7 Reviews)
» Audio/Video Transmitters
500-Meter Micro Wireless Audio/Voice Spying Bug Transmitter and Receiver Set
the best and easiest wireless bugs that will truly broadcast all those secrets you want to know directly to you!
This wonderful bug has a micro transmitter that is truly
» Other Security Products
DIY Universal Qi Wireless Charger Round Transmitter Module - Red + Black
Quantity: 1Piece Color: Red + black Material: Copper + PCB + plastic English Manual Spec: No Certification: Qi
(4 Reviews)
MTDZ005 RF Wireless Transmitter Module - Green
- Modulation method: ASK OOK
- Working frequency: 315MHz~433.92MHz optional
- Frequency accuracy: + - 75kHz
- Transmitting power: 50mW
- Widely used in wireless remote control
Boscam TS5830 5.8GHz 32-CH 1000mW Thunderbolt Wireless Transmitter - Silver + Dark Brown
Color: Silver+Dark-brown Brand: Boscam Model: TS5830 Material: Aluminum alloy Quantity: 1Piece Compatible Model: 5.8GHz
Wireless Audio Adapter Box Transmitter & Receiver - Black
. This is a simple to operate wireless audio system. All you need to do is connect the transmitter box to whatever device you're listening to and then connect the included
(14 Reviews)
Boscam TS832 FPV System 5.8GHz 32-CH 600mW Wireless AV Transmitter - Black
Color: Black Brand: Boscam Model: TS832 Material: Aluminum alloy +plastic Quantity: 1Piece Compatible Model: 5.8GHz model
9V Safe Plastic + Metal Battery Buckles - Blue + Silver (10-Piece Pack)
Model 20018 Quantity 10 Color Blue + Silver Material Plastic + steel + copper Features Rated voltage: 9V; Cable length: 10.5cm Application Battery parts Packing List 10 x
Qi Standard Wireless Charging Transmitter Module - Green
Model: ZY-168 Quantity: 1Piece Color: Green Material: Copper + PCB + plastic English Manual Spec: Yes Certification: CE FCC
YONGNUO RF-603-N1 16-CH Wireless Flash Trigger Transmitter Receiver Set - Black
- Model: YONGNUO
- Model: RF-603-N1
- Color: Black
- Plastic material housing
- FSK 2.4GHz wireless frequency
- 16 channels
- Transmitting range up to 100 meters
» Camera Remotes
T1504 Qi Standard Wireless Transmitter Charger + Receiver for Samsung Galaxy Note 2 N7100 - Black
Other Features: Fully compliant with QI standard; Stylish and portable; Easy to use; Transmitter: Input voltage: USB 5V, 1500mA; Output voltage: 5V, 1000mA; Suitable for all
2.4GHz Wireless Audio Video Transmitter & Receiver Kit
- Model: AJ2.4G-2W
- Color: Black
- 1-channel video input + dual-channel audio input 6.0MHz NTSC 6.5MHz PAL
- Transmitting power: 32.5dBm
- Max current: 1000mA
- Input v
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YONGNUO RF-603-C1 16-CH Wireless Flash Trigger Transmitter Receiver Set - Black
- Model: YONGNUO
- Model: RF-603-C1
- Color: Black
- Plastic material housing
- FSK 2.4GHz wireless frequency
- 16 channels
- Transmitting range up to 100 meters
(17 Reviews)
Quantity: 1Piece Color: Green Material: Copper + PCB + plastic English Manual Spec: Yes Other Features: Simple design, compliance with Qi international standards; Input v
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ZAP ZAP-BT35F02 Wireless Bluetooth v2.1 + EDR Audio Transmitter w/ 3.5mm Plug - Black
Color: Black Brand: ZAP Model: ZAP-BT35F02 Material: ABS Quantity: 1Piece Shade Of Color: Black Bluetooth Version: V2.1 Operating Range: 10m Built-in Battery Capacity : 2
» Other Bluetooth Devices
YONGNUO RF-603II-C1 16CH 2.4GHz Wireless Flash Trigger Transmitter Receiver Set for Canon 60D / 350D
, Pentax Effective Distance: 100m Wired Wireless: Wired Cable Length: 80cm Receiver: 2Piece Channel: 16 Sync Time: 1 320s Working Frequency: 2.4GHz Working Voltage : 3V Battery
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Wireless HD DLNA WiFi AV Transmitter Sharer - White
Color: White Material: Plastic Quantity: 1Piece
MX-FU1 315MHz Wireless Transmitter Module Superregeneration for Arduino
DIY lovers Packing List 1 x Transmitter module
FPV 5.8GHz 200mW 8-CH TS351 Wireless Transmitter + RC805 AV Wireless Receiver Kit - Black
Color: Dark Red + Black Model: RC805+TS351 Material: Aluminum alloy + plastic Quantity: 1Set Compatible Model: R C fixed wing aircraft model
Wireless Receiver & Transmitter AC Motor Remote Controller - White
V, also suitable for AC 110V; Working current: 8mA; Power: 500W; Remote control frequency: 434MHz Packing List 1 x Receiver 1 x Transmitter 1 x English user manual
Wireless Sensor Transmitter Module DRF5150S for Arduino
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433MHz ISM frequency bands
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SH-600 Wireless Microphone Receiver + Transmitter - Grey
- 1 x 3.5mm microphone 100cm
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T400 Qi Wireless Charger Transmitter w/ 4000mAh Power Bank for Smart Phone - White
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TS58500 5.8GHz 500mW 32-CH Wireless Audio and Video Transmitter Module - Black
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MC-06 Qi Standard Wireless Charging Transmitter - White
Color: White Brand: Itian Model: MC-06 Material: Plastic Quantity: 1Set Compatible Models: Nokia Lumia 920 LG Nexus 4 Samsung Galaxy S3 i9300 S4 i9500 WPC-Qi Input Voltag
Car Wireless 2.4G Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Kit for Rearview Camera - Black
Quantity 1 piece s Color Black Material Plastic Function Used for car video wireless transmit and receive function; For wireless connection of camera and monitor
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CW-03 Micro Wireless Audio Receive Transmitter HD Voice Audio Transmitter + Receiver - Black
. HD Sound;
3. Voice recording;
4. Built-in external audio;
5. Transmitter Weight: 22g;
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R01 2.4Ghz Wireless Video Transmitter Receiver Kit for Car DVD (AV IN)
Model R01 Quantity 1 piece s Color Black Material Plastic Function Transmitter receiver Power Supply 10~20V Other Features Easy installation; Takes one minute to make
Waveshare WIFI-LPB100 UART to Wi-Fi Wireless Communication Module - Black
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TS5823 5.8G 200MW 32CH Mini Wireless Transmitter for FPV - Black
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Nolan 3.5mm Plug Bluetooth V2.1 Wireless Audio Transmitter - White
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2.4GHz Digital Wireless Audio/Video AV Transmitter & Receiver Kit
2.4GHz Wireless AV Transmitter & Receiver - Black
dual track
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Wireless Door Bell Transmitter / Receiver - Blue + White
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Boscam FPV System TS352 5.8G 500mW Wireless AV Transmitter Module - Black + Silver
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1.2GHz 1500mW Wireless Receiver and Transmitter Kit w/ Antennas - Silver
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1.5'' LCD Long Flexible Pipe Wireless Car MP3 Player FM Transmitter w/ USB / SD / TF - Black
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Mushroom Shaped Bluetooth and MP3 Wireless FM Transmitter with IR Remote - Black (SD/MMC/USB)
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TS800 5.8G 1.5W 32CH Double Audio Channel Wireless AV Transmitter Module - Black + Green
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COMFAST CF-WU825N USB 2.0 Wireless Network Card / Wi-Fi Transmitter - Blue + White
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Universal 2.4G Wireless Transmitter + Receiver for Car Rearview Camera (AV IN)
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2.4GHz 4-Channel Wireless Audio Video AV Transmitter Receiver Kit (DC 9~12V)
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Quhwa 841Q Wireless Doorbell Transmitter + Receiver Set - White
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Looking for something to do with your pet, or fun events to help support animal rescue groups? Below is a list of pet events in the WXII 12 viewing area.
If your organization is having an event that you would like posted, please SEND US AN EMAIL
AARF Doggie Easter Egg Hunt will be held on April 11, 2015.
Doggies Day Out Dog Show: April 25, 2015
All dogs are invited to bring their owners to enjoy a day of family friendly entertainment at the Lexington Church of God on Saturday, April 25th from 10:00 am – 2:00 pm! At the Doggies Day Out...fun dog show, $10 covers all the contests. No charge for spectators. Contests for the pups include Pooch & Parent look alike, Best Dressed, Highest Jumper, Musical Sit and much more! There will also be vendors with dog clothes, collars, candles, bandannas, treats and more to shop for your favorite fur-baby! Register online for fastest entry: http://www.lexingtonchurchofgod.org/Doggies-Day-Out-fun-dog-show/
You don't want to miss the fun!!!
Compassionate Touch Event at Washington Park, Winston Salem, NC: May 3, 2015
Bring your dog out to Washington Park on Sunday, May 3, from 1-4 p.m., rain or shine, to learn about the positive effects of Reiki on your four-legged friend. Practitioners will be working one-on-one with canine participants on a first-come, first-served basis. Dogs must be up-to-date on shots, wearing a collar and leashed. Door prizes available to participants!
5th Annual Bark and Wine: May 16, 2015
Bark and Wine is one of the largest rescue fundraiser's in Greensboro. This event brings together rescues, bands, and vendors from across North Carolina, for a fun-filled day of music, shopping and mingling to benefit homeless animals in the state.
When: Saturday, May 16, 2015
Time: 11:00am – 6:00pm
Cost: $5.00
Location: The Railyard (adjacent to The Worx)
For more information, to buy tickets, sponsor, be a vendor, or to volunteer, CLICK HERE
Putts for Pups – May 16, 2015
(must register by April 16, 2015)
Putts for Pups Benefit Golf Event for the Animal Protection Society of Caswell County
When: Saturday, May 16, 2015 (Rain date May 17, 2015)
Where: Caswell Pines Golf Course, Yanceyville, NC
Time: Lunch starts at 11:30, Tee off starts at 1:00
How to register your team: CLICK HERE, print and mail registration with payment to APS Caswell Shelter.
( team of 4- $50 per person by April 16th, $55 per person after April 16th)
BE A SPONSOR: Call 336-694-4921 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
$50 Name and Group sign at check -in
$100 name on sign at hole ( w/logo if you provide) and on Group sign
$250 name on sign at hole ( w/logo if you provide)name on beverage carts, and on Group sign
$500 – choose a team registration OR a large sign at check – in just for you; name on signs at 2 holes ( w/logo if you provide) and on Group Sign
$1000 custom sponsorship we can arrange to meet your needs
Questions – 336-694-4921 or email at firstname.lastname@example.com
2015 Triad Dog Games: May 16 & 17
Get your puppy dogs ready for the 2015 Triad Dog Games to be held at Tanglewood Park on May 16th and 17th.
This is a fundraising event benefiting The Sergei Foundation to help save companion pets' lives by providing veterinary financial assistance to families unable to afford emergency, life-saving care.
To learn more about the games and about Sergei Foundation, CLICK HERE
Paws in the Grove: June 27, 2015
Join Ruff Love Rescue on June 27th for the 3rd annual Paws in the Grove, at Grove Winery and Vinyards. Music, fun, food & wine. You are encouraged to bring your dogs to enjoy the evening with us.
For more information, CLICK HERE
Pets u local Object

subset: commoncrawl


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Today i have reached 36 weeks and it just hit me how close my due date actually is (Dec. 10th) and with the start of my weekly visits it just seems like the time is flying by lol. how much longer do you have until you LO will make his/her grand entrance?
how much longer does everyone have
Posted 11/12/2012
48 days seems so far! I can't wait :)
Married to love of my life 02/04/11 <3
Mommy to a beautiful baby boy 12/19/12 :)
Posted 11/12/2012
19 days! :)
Posted 11/12/2012
We have 29 days until our scheduled c section. Can't wait!
I plan to give you love, nurturing, and just enough dysfunction to make you funny.
Posted 11/12/2012
24 more days til I'm due! I feel like my little guy will come sooner though
Mama of 3 now :) 2 Girls and a boy! My little man is here :) 12/8/12
Posted 11/12/2012
Same due date as you, Op!
It feels like its dragging for me!!!
It feels like its dragging for me!!!
J(27), E(20), H(6), N(3), L(6 months)♥
J(27), E(20), H(6), N(3), L(6 months)♥
First time & stepmom, -N- proud & happy wife :)
( . y . ) SILVER TATAS!
Posted 11/12/2012
32 days until due date.
Jorden & Kayla - Established 7-18-07
Jaelyn 4-7-08, Alexis 11-12-10, baby girl #3 due 12/14/12
Posted 11/12/2012
5 weeks to go! Baby Is due on December 17! I can wait! My wife on the other hand is ready to hold our little man!!
Posted 11/12/2012
19 days, starting to get nervous....3rd baby..I got this right?
Little Man 11/20/2012
Silver (.) (.)
Me and him, Married 1997, DD1 2002, DD2 2003
Little Man 11/20/2012
Silver (.) (.)
What's on your mind?Create a new post
Your growing child
Your 27-month-old: Parallel play
It's normal at this age for kids to do play separately even when they're together. Read More
Your 27-month-old: Becoming bilingual
Is now a good time to expose your child to other languages? Read More
Your 27-month-old: Mastering motor skills
Doing actions repeatedly helps your child perfect her motor skills. Read More
Your 27-month-old: Read it again
Five Little Monkeys Sitting in a Tree again?! Oh yes. Reading the same book over and over provides a measure of comfort. Read More


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Head of claims John Sheehy leaves Liberty Insurance
- Financial Services
- March 14, 2015, 01:00
Liberty Insurance's head of claims John Sheehy has left the role after two years with the company. Staff were informed of his departure and told that(...)
Seán Quinn jnr claims administrator feared firing him
- Financial Services
- January 23, 2015, 01:00
Seán Quinn jnr has said one of the administrators appointed to Quinn Insurance in 2010, Michael McAteer, took a year to fire him because he was afraid(...)
Quinn family hoped one day 'to return as shareholders' to firm
- Financial Services
- January 22, 2015, 12:25
Sean Quinn junior told one of the administrators appointed to the Quinn Insurance in 2010 that he and his family hoped one day to return as shareholde(...)
Corporation tax rate could unite Northern Ireland's disparate parties
- Economy
- December 30, 2014, 01:01
Will a new year herald a new beginning for the Northern Ireland economy now that the chance to set a lower rate of corporation tax is almost within it(...)
Patrick O'Brien resigns as Liberty Insurance chief executive
- Financial Services
- December 3, 2014, 01:00
Patrick O'Brien has resigned as chief executive of Liberty Insurance Ireland and will be replaced by Tom McIlduff, subject to the approval of the Ce(...)
Running for cover from car insurance
- Motors
- December 3, 2014, 01:00
So, you've decided that the clouds of recession have parted sufficiently for you to get back into the car market in 2015. Congratulations, and welcome(...)
The Pricewatch five-grand challenge: easy money that almost nobody avails of
- Consumer
- November 17, 2014, 01:00
Insurance is not the sexiest word in the English language, but paying attention to the bottom line when it comes to car, home and life insurance wi(...)
Women's sports sponsors get on the pitch
- Media & Marketing
- September 18, 2014, 01:45
There's all that throwing like a girl isn't there? And it's never on the telly? And yes they're very good – for girls – but proper athletes? For ye(...)
Cork progress to Camogie final
- Hurling
- August 31, 2014, 16:30
Cork 1-15 Wexford 0-8 Cork remain on course for a first All-Ireland senior camogie title since 2009 as they swept Wexford aside with a stunning second(...)
Wexford determined to take advantage of second chance
- Hurling
- August 30, 2014, 01:00
Una Leacy's last-minute goal was Wexford's saving grace last week and has afforded Helena Jacob's side another chance of reaching the All-Ireland fina(...)


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I'll say this again. This is the best olive oil I have ever tasted, and it's available now in Singapore. And for Christmas and only in Singapore, you'll get it at a special price of $49.50 per litre!
Order here now.
Follow on Facebook.Tweet
A friend of mine has done several bars around the world a favour by taking empty alcohol bottles off them and turning them into up cycled glassware.
My favourite are the Grey Goose Vodka glasses, which come in two sizes:
Prices start from $20 and they can be bought by emailing for an appointment to check out the glassware.Tweet
The perfect gift for those who struggled with CL2 essays: A t-shirt with pre-filled first sentence.
Get them while stocks last at A Naiise Christmas Pop-Up Store: 72-74 Dunlop Street
OK, this one's too easy – you just point your friends to the link on iTunes to download the latest from Singapore's best-selling novelist.
Really good if you're looking to send someone living overseas something for Christmas, and especially when you're looking for something really Singaporean.
Download it here.
Follow on Facebook.
The colors make you want to sing Christmas songs, only you can't if you stuff one of these in your mouth. They are by far the best roasted peanut filled Ang Ku Kuehs ever. Buy a dozen and put them in a nice box for the Christmas parties you've been invited to at the last minute.
Price: $0.80 each
Other flavours available (but not in Christmassy colors)
Poh Cheu Handmade Soon Kueh & Ang Ku Kueh
127 Bukit Merah Lane 1 #01-230 Singapore 150127Tweet
While workshopping Kumar's show last week, Selena Tan brought up this gem of information on how the Japanese celebrate Christmas. I would've teased Naomi for not knowing this Japanese tradition but a) she doesn't take too kindly to criticism about her lack of Japanese knowledge, b) it is a rather offbeat kind of tradition.
Before 1974, westerners in Japan who happened to be around during Christmas found it difficult to celebrate Christmas because turkeys were apparently hard to find in the shops (or elsewhere, for that matter), and so the closest thing a foreigner could pass off as a Christmas turkey dinner was a chicken dinner, and chicken dinners were easy to find at the Kentucky Fried Chicken outlets around the country.
So, in 1974 a clever marketing fella at KFC decided to sell the first KFC Christmas meal, consisting of fried chicken and a glass of wine. It was immensely popular, and for some reason, Japanese locals began to think that this was a bona fide tradition, and as the years went by, began passing it down to younger generations.
These days, KFC Christmas meals are ordered several months in advance, and if you think about it, Colonel Sanders could pass off as Santa Claus.
If you think that's weird, @bubblevicious and @tetanus point out that the annual Chingay Parade has its tradition/roots in the government trying to appease the pyromanic masses' discontent at the firecracker ban in 1973.Tweet
This afternoon, Shanghai threw us a welcome blanket of the heaviest snowfall I've seen in years.
Much as we'd like to step back outside and play in the mush, Kai's fast asleep on my chest, and Naomi's 'resting her eyes' in the bedroom.
And probably for the first time since Naomi's brother's passing, this town feels like a happy place.Tweet
If you wanted to buy someone a Nespresso machine (wah, so generous, can I be your friend?), but they already have one, you could, this festive season, buy them a couple of tubes of the limited edition Christmas variations. This is especially good if you're always bumming Nespresso off your friends when they invite you over, and you feel a bit guilty for depleting their stock.
There's vanilla, almond and caramel. If you're not already a Nespresso Club member, you can head down to their boutiques at Ion Orchard and Takashimaya to try them and buy them.
Meantime, before you leave your computer to do so, check out the entertaining and niftily animated game again.Tweet
When he heard there was a show called Walking With Dinosaurs, a wiseacre I know said, "Hey, isn't that when you join the entourage of a PAP MP election walkabout?"
I didn't have much high hopes for it to be an entertainment highlight of our weekend either, but if you were to have seen our baby boy's delight in watching what he calls "Didotaur" in action, you might just feel that the price of admission is worth it. (Tickets range from $38 – $148 for this 100min show).
Kai even sat in his seat through intermission, chanting, "Didotaur" for the whole 15 minutes. We had to go and buy him a Didotaur soft toy later because he kept signing (we taught him sign) for "more" after we left the arena.
So if you know of anyone with kids who don't know what to do this weekend, buy them tickets.Tweet
Let's face it. You're gonna be either buying or considering buying an Apple product this Christmas, either for yourself or for someone else. Epicentre, the premium Apple reseller, is making it more fun with an in-house personal shopper who's gonna help you buy more stuff and then you'll go home and curse him later.
Santa/Personal Shopper will be demonstrating how to use iPhoto to make photo books and other stuff every weekend from now till December 24th. There's cookies to be had too. Just bring your own glass of milk.
Naomi, Kai and I are unabashedly Apple people at home, with a couple of iPhone4, iPad, iMac and MacBook Pros between the three of us.
And I'm quite sure there are parents of toddlers like ours who've learned new tricks on their Apple products from their kids. Before Kai got his hands on our phones, we didn't know we could operate the iPod feature with the phone still password locked.
He hasn't figured out our passwords yet, but he's been treating us to his favourite songs on our phones and iPads in between playing Angry Birds.Tweet


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Girls Soccer: PIZM edged by Rochester Lourdes
The Pine Island/Zumbrota-Mazeppa girls soccer team had chances in bunches, but could not capitalize in a 1-0 Hiawatha Valley League loss to Rochester Lourdes Thursday night.
Summer Cavallaro had five saves for the Wildcats while PIZM threw 16 shots on net. The Eagles managed just two shots in the second half, but one found the back of the net after a scrum in front of Cavallaro 15 minutes into the half.


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Landscaping over pool plumbing...
Fori is not pleasedSeptember 8, 2011
I'm planting some small trees near the pool and (surprise!) have a PVC pipe very close to where my tree goes. Does PVC hold up against tree roots? Will the (sometimes) warm pipe do weird things to the plant? The tree is citrus so it's really more of a large shrub and not an aggressive tree like a willow.


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With its continued excellence in sound reproduction, Teac has once again created a powerful, versatile surround sound receiver for the home theater enthusiast. With exceptional audio reproduction, 95dB signal-to-noise ratio, and HD video processing, the AG-D2000 5.1-Channel Surround Receiver will take your home theater experience to new heights. It features (2) HDMI inputs and (1) HDMI (ver. 1.3) output enabling an effortless, high-bandwidth transfer of video and audio signals to the latest HDTV 1080p displays. Adding to its superb versatility, this 500W receiver offers (2) component video inputs, optical/coaxial digital audio inputs, RCA analog audio inputs, subwoofer and a convenient front-panel mini-jack input for portables.
Moreover, the AG-D2000 presents superb functionality that will be hard to match at this price point. Teac uses advanced DSP digital technology with 24-bit DAC processing to create independent sound fields that fill the room with a surreal surround sound experience. It features built-in Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro-Logic II, and DTS audio decoders. With an AM/FM tuner, bass/treble control, fluorescent display with dimmer, sleep timer/night mode, and connectivity to virtually any A/V source you can imagine, your entertainment choices are endless with Teac's AG-D2000.
- HDMI Switching x2 (ver. 1.3) Inputs
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Samsung DVD-E360
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With ConnectShare Movie, simply plug your USB memory drive or HDD into your Samsung DVD-E360 DVD player and enjoy the content you love. With ConnectShare Movie, simply plug your USB memory drive or HDD into your DVD player and enjoy the content you love. ConnectShare Movie feature reduces the number of devices needed to view, listen and play your favorite content. Play music directly through the speakers of your Blu-ray player and transfer movies and photos to the big screen. Now, experience a wide variety of content from the comfort of your living room.
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Samsung DVD-E360 DVD Player
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Progressive Scan
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CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD, CD, Video CD, CD-DA
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The Supreme Court on Wednesday permitted retired judge N.M. Kasliwal, the principal observer of the Rajasthan Cricket Association election, to declare the poll result on May 6.
The former IPL commissioner, Lalit Modi, had contested the polls on December 19, 2013 for the post of president.
A Bench of Justices Anil R. Dave and Shiva Kirti Singh directed the apex court registry to send the results, filed in a sealed envelope, to Justice Kasliwal to declare the result. The Bench also said it was open to the Board of Control for Cricket in India, under its rules, suspending or disqualifying Mr. Modi, if he was declared elected.
The BCCI had moved the Supreme Court to restrain Mr. Modi from becoming the president of the RCA.
It argued that any association of Mr. Modi with the RCA would affect the image of the BCCI.
It also pointed out that Mr. Modi's nomination was incorrect as the RCA had rejected the BCCI's objections to his candidature.


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The Top 10 In Action Sports
01Welcome to Qasr Al-Farid: The Rock With A Door That Will Rock Your World
0218 Things That Will Give Anyone Who Did Duke Of Edinburgh A Serious Flashback
0316 Things That Will Give 90s Skater Kids A Serious Flashback
04This 10 Year Old Kid Just Nailed A Dub Cork 1080... On His Second Attempt
05The 10 Most Spectacular Road Trips on Earth
06Water Slides, Plane Wings and Danny MacAskill: This is Road Cycling Like Never Before...
0724 Reasons Why Snowboarding Was Better In The Early Noughties
08Could Scientists Be About to Build a Terminator? They're Closer Than You Think…
09Win a Holiday for 2 in Chamonix with Three #holidayspam
1017 Holiday Beer Photos That Every Skier Takes to Make Their Friends Jealous
BMX Masters 2010 - Super-Ramp Final
BMX Masters 2010 at Cologne's Jugendpark, presented by Rockstar Energy Drink, attracted over 12,000 fans and brought 400 riders from 30 different countries for the Dirt, Park, Flat, and Super Ramp events. The newly introduced Super Ramp event surprised everyone when newcomer Alex Coleburn (ENG) won the title with a 900 Air and an incredible Flair to Footjam on the sub box. Daniel Dhers (VEN) landed in 2nd and Michael Beran (CRE) took 3rd.
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1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS QEHS Policy (Clause 4.2) 1.0 1.1 Briefly explain the QEHS Policy > Refer to NUH Quality Policy 1.2 How is the policy disseminated to you? > QEHS Intranet > QEHS Manual > NUH Basics Card > NUH Quality Policy Display in Department > Posters 1.3 How is the policy made available to interested parties? > Through internet > Service agreement (for example) 1.4 How often is the policy reviewed? > Policy is reviewed during annual management review meeting Notes: a) All employees should be aware of the NUH Quality Policy 2.0 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Clause 4.3.1) 2.1 How do you conduct hazard identification? > Explain each column in the Hazard Identification Form > Explain the definition of Hazards > Review completeness of Hazard Identification Form > Ensure non-routine activities are captured in Hazard Identification Form > Ensure all activities conducted by department are listed in the Hazard Identifcation Form 2.2 How are all hazards identified being reviewed for significance? > Explain the severity, likelihood and risk columns 2.3 How the organization defines significant hazard? > Explain the significant criteria table: a) Risk No., b) Emergency rating, c) Legal implications, d) Affecting NUH's reputation Page 1 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS 2.4 When is the hazards identification form updated? > Where there is a change in processes, equipment or material used > When new hazards have been identified in Hazard Identification Form and fulfill the criteria for Significant Hazards. The updated Register of Significant Hazard must be submit to Hazard Workgroup for review. > Interview QEHS Hazard Identification Workgroup 2.5 What are the significant hazards in your department? > Refer to the Department's Register of Significant Hazards 2.6 How are staff made aware of these significant hazards? > Randomly select staff to interview 2.7 What are the control measures taken for ALL significant hazards? > Refer to Register of Significant Hazards Form and explain what control measures has been put in placed Notes : a) Register of Significant Hazards must be completed and submitted to NUH ORMC Workgroup Legal and Other Requirements (Clause 4.3.2) 3.0 3.1 What are the relevant requirements applicable to your departments? > Refer to QEHS Legal Register and explain some of the requirements (WSHA, Radiation Protection Act, Fire Safety Act, etc) > Verify if the latest legal updates has been included and issued to related department 3.2 How are these requirements communicated to staffs? > Randomly select staff to vertify on waste disposal requirements and other applicable legal requirements 3.3 How are updated legal requirements disseminated to each department? > Updates are received through RIET and reviewed by QEHS Legal Workgroup > Interview the QEHS Legal Workgroup > Disseminate through e-mail to affected departments and request reply via QEHS Legal Action Plan Form by all departments 3.4 How does the organization continue to ensure that the legal requirments are compiled? > Key parameters to demonstrate legal compliance are captured in the QEHS Performance Monitoring Matrix and measured at specified intervals. > During periodic inspection, the legal register is used as a checklist for inspection Page 2 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS 3.5 How do you ensure that the organization continue to comply with the legal requirements? > Key parameters are captured in the QEHS performance monitoring matrix and periodic measurements is conducted > Periodic inspection is conducted to verify compliance status > Interview QEHS Audit & Inspection Wokgroup Note: a) Legal register must be updated, b) Quarterly update and review must be done, c) Relevant permits and licenses must be retrievable, d) Legal requirements such as poison act, medicine act are also updated into register Objectives and Programs (Clause 4.3.3) EMR, OHSMR 4.0 4.1 What are the QEHS objectives set by the organization and how do you intent to achieve them? > Show the QEHS Improvement Program sheet > Interview the program owners > Explain the details of the program 4.2 Where are the evidences to display activities are carried out as planned? > Show actual monitoring results such as training records, measurement records, measuring instruments etc. 4.3 How are these programs monitored to ensure that they are effective? > Show actual monitoring results based on performance indicators / targets > Show minutes of Management Review meeting minutes on review of program progress Note: a) Performance indicators must be monitored to demostrate achievement of targets Structure and Responsibility (Clause 4.4.1) 5.0 5.1 What is the structure adopted for the implementation of QEHS management system? > Show the QEHS organization structure > Interview the workgroup members regarding their responsibilities 5.2 Who & what is the responsibility of the EMR, OHSMR? > Refer to the NUH Quality Manual > Interview EMR, OHSMR 5.3 How are issues that require management commitment escalated up for approval? > Through Quality Forum and Management meetings > Review minutes of the meetings 5.4 What is the responsibility of QEHS Officer? > Interview the Safety Officer 5.5 How are roles, responsibilities and authorities of personnel documented and communicated? > Through NUH Quality Manual and appointment letters > Interview some staff 5.7 How does the management provide adequate resources essential for the Appointment of implementation and control of the QEHS management system? EMR & OHSMR > Through timely and effective implementation of corrective actions for QEHS non-conformance > Show results of actions taken and programs implemented. Page 3 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS Training, Awareness and Competence (Clause 4.4.2) 6.0 6.1 How are the training needs of staff identified in the organisation? > Through annual training needs analysis (TNA) exercise > Show TNA 6.2 Has appropriate training been provided to all personnel whose work may create impact on QEHS at the workplace? > Staff who handle chemicals and / or are exposed to excessive noise should receive specific QEHS training > Though internal (e.g. MSDS, Noise-Induced Deafness training programmes) / external training programs > Show training and attendance records 6.3 What are the QEHS training programs identified? > Core and specific training courses identified > Interview EMR and OHSMR Consultation & Communication (Clause 4.4.3) 7.0 7.1 Is there a platform for internal communication between all levels and functions regarding QEHS issues? > Top-down communication through intranet, newsletters, emails, QEHS Committees, CEO Townhall, etc > Bottom Up communication through email, CEO Townhall, etc 7.2 How are external feedback being handled? > Customers and patients feedback go to PRD for consolidation > External feedback from authorities such as MOM, ENV, MOH and public concerned go to individual department and a copy is archived at PRD > Interview PRD and review external communication records Documentation (Clause 4.4.4) 8.0 8.1 What is the documentation structure for the QEHS management system? > NUH Quality Manual > Departmental Procedure Manuals & SOPs 8.2 What is the inter-relation between the procedures and the QEHS requirements? > Refer to the inter-relation matrix or reference in the NUH Quality Manual 8.3 What are the procedures relating to QEHS management system? > Verify procedures have been updated and meet requirements Document Control (Clause 4.4.5) 9.0 9.1 How is the documentation numbering system being defined? > Refer to the document numbering procedures (forms control, control of documents, control of records) 9.2 How are the legal register being updated and controlled? > Verify to ensure the latest copy of update is available > Interview QEHS Legal Workgroup 9.3 Are the documents controlled? > Refer to the QEHS e-DCS system > Interview OORG Page 4 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS Operation Control (Clause 4.4.6) 10.0 What are the hazardous tasks in the department and are there safe work 10.1 instructions developed? > Examples of hazardous tasks involving use of machines, application of heat, fall from height, use of cutting tools or radioactive machines/substances, handling chemicals, exposure to excessive noise > Verify that safe work instructions are developed for such tasks 10.2 Are there hazardous materials being used? > Verify availability of SDS > SDS Summary Sheet > Storage locations and handling practices > Availability of appropriate PPE 10.3 Are the machines or systems being maintained? > This includes facilities such as cooling towers, chillers, boilers, exhaust ventilation system etc > Inspection reports from authorities > Records for the implementation of Lock Out Tag Out (LOTO) procedures and maintenance of LOTO > Maintenance of medical equipment and its related safe work instructions > Proper disposal of different types of wastes (general, biohazard, cytotoxic, toxic industrial etc) 10.4 How are contractors and vendors being managed? > Briefings for contractors > Service agreement > Conducting regular second party inspection Emergency Preparedness and Response (Clause 4.4.7) 11.0 11.1 How are the emergency situations identified and what are the potential situations? > Interview OSS ERT Page 5 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS 11.2 What are the response required for each potential situation? > Verify response against procedures > Verify training of ERT team members > Interview ERT team members 11.3 How does the organization prepare for such situation? > Verify the availability of PPE and mitigating equipment. Ensure they are in working order and not expired 11.4 How are such response plans being tested for effectiveness? > Verify drill records and actions taken to improve response > Ensure related documents are updated 11.5 How are staff kept informed on the emergency situation and how do they informed the ERT when such situation arise? > Verify the briefing records by champions and ensure the availability of emergency response contact numbers listing > Verify with FCC (Fire Command Centre) staff to ensure that they understand the procedures > Verify the emergency response contact numbers listing is updated Performance Measurement and Monitoring (Clause 4.5.1) 12.0 12.1 How are QEHS performance measurements requirements identified? > Based on legal requirement, significant hazard list and other concerns raised by staff > Verify the QEHS Performance Monitoring Matrix 12.2 What are the internal measuring instruments used? > Verify to ensure such instruments are calibrated > Verify calibration results 12.3 What are the actions taken when monitoring results are non-conforming to standard requirements? > Corrective actions will be initiated > Review all measurement data and verify that appropriate actions are taken for non-compliance situations 12.4 How are performance standards set? > Based on legal requirements. Example: PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) > Based on historical data and standards will be set based on the data 12.5 How are such monitoring results being reviewed? > Results are compiled on a regular basis and reported in QEHS MR committee meeting and annually in management review meeting Page 6 of 7 1SO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 FAQ S/N ITEM TO CHECK AUDIT REMARKS Accidents, Incidents, Non-conformance and Corrective and Preventive 13.0 actions (Clause 4.5.3) 13.1 How are incidents and nonconformance reported? > Verify incident reporting (e-HOR) > Monitor to ensure appropriate actions have been taken for situation reported > Verify with PRD with e-HORs raised that are related to EHS incident 13.2 How are corrective actions implemented throughout the organization once they have been verified to be effective? > Verify to ensure that affected procedures are updated > Ensure that timely verification of effectiveness is done Records and Records Management (Clause 4.5.4) 14.0 14.1 What are the QEHS records applicable? > Check with departments and ensure they keep the master list of Quality Records > Ensure that the forms used have been issued with the appropriate form number 14.2 How are records being kept? > Verify the records keeping are in accordance with the record master list Audit (Clause 4.5.5) 15.0 15.1 What are the types of audits conducted? > QEHS internal audits and periodic safety inspections 15.2 How are the audits planned and executed? > Verify audit schedules and review actual audit report > Ensure auditors are independent of areas audited > Ensure all findings are closed in a timely manner > Interview MRs Management Review (Clause 4.6) 16.0 16.1 What is being reviewed during Management Review? > Verify with concerned Management Review procedures and Management Review Meeting minutes 16.2 What is the frequency of Management Review? > Verify with procedure Internal Audit Page 7 of 7
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Move over Fifty Shades, these new e-reads will make even your Kindle blush.
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36 New Sneakers To Top Off Your Spring WardrobeSometimes, the accessories make the outfit.
7 Yoga Moves for Strong, Gorgeous ArmsA quick, effective yoga flow that targets your arms, back
Green Your Routine: Luxe Eco-Friendly Fitness GearFocus that eco-consciousness energy on your workout wardrobe.
Book Picks: The Next Steamy Bestsellers


text: Quick View Bound Memory Book - Under The Sea by C.R. GIBSON In stock online $27.60 Create an heirloom with this lovely hardcover book designed to preserve all of your most special memories from baby's first five years. It has themed acid-free pages to record details of baby's shower, first day home and even first day of school. Other pages hold information about family members,… See Details $27.60 was $34.50


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Essentials of Islam
In a time where misinformation is easily circulated, it is becoming extremely challenging to differentiate fact from fiction when it comes to the teachings of Islam. People who are new to Islam, curious about Islam, or even those who have been Muslim their entire life, need a means to develop a better understanding of the teachings of the glorious Qur'an and Hadith. This knowledge should be sought through the correct channel of Scholars who have dedicated their lives in acquiring this sacred knowledge. For this reason, and by the will of Allah, Masjid Umar Farooq is offering Islamic studies classes for anyone interested in learning the essentials of Islam and beyond.
We encourage everyone, new Muslim or not, to attend these sessions to develop your understanding and strengthen your faith. All are welcome!
Schedule & Syllabus
All sessions on Saturday


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Jim Fackenthal
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The musician performs as part of the summertime carillon concert series.
The musician performs as part of the summertime carillon concert series.
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321 search results for Clinton
Chelsea Clinton exits NBC News
Type: Post | Date: Friday, Aug 29, 2014Chelsea Clinton exits NBC News Some "Friends" fans didn't like Jennifer Aniston's upset reaction to Jimmy Kimmel's reunion Jimmy Kimmel dressed Aaron Paul's Emmy statues like Run-DMC
Kevin Spacey and 'House of Cards' has fun with Bill Clinton's birthday
Type: Article | Date: Friday, Aug 15, 2014He really loves playing Frank Underwood doesn't he?
Bill Clinton is 'devoted' to 'Grey's Anatomy,' but also watches 'Scandal'
Type: Post | Date: Tuesday, Nov 11, 2014Randy Jackson is done with 'American Idol' after 13 seasons
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Type: Post | Date: Wednesday, Aug 6, 2014Hillary Clinton pays "The Colbert Report" a surprise visit 5 major new characters are joining "Glee's" final season
Bono's Bill Clinton impression is freaking amazing
Type: Article | Date: Wednesday, Sep 25, 2013You deserve this
Hilary Clinton to visit Jon Stewart on Tuesday
Type: Post | Date: Monday, Jul 14, 2014Ben Kingsley to star in Spike TV's 'Tut' 8 unaired "Don't Trust the B—- in Apartment 23" episodes will be shown on Logo Hilary Clinton to visit Jon Stewart on Tuesday
Obama and McConnell crank call Hillary Clinton on 'Saturday Night Live'
Type: Article | Date: Sunday, Nov 16, 2014Obama and McConnell crank call Hillary Clinton on 'Saturday Night Live'. Did she call back?
Exclusive clip: George Clinton gets funky for 'American Restoration'
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, May 29, 2014The Grandfather of Funk can even find the funk in a ruined piano
Chelsea Clinton hasn't been on NBC in 4 months
Type: Post | Date: Thursday, Jun 19, 2014Chelsea Clinton hasn't been on NBC in 4 months Is Netflix's Chelsea Handler talk show revolutionary? We already get late-night talk shows on-demand! Listen to Jerry Seinfeld sing the new "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee" theme song
Jimmy Kimmel challenges Ellen's Twitter selfie record with help from the Clintons
Type: Article | Date: Sunday, Mar 23, 2014Well, it was a nice try anyway


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As you may know I'm working on a 30 day Challenge. I'm on a mission to realign my joy with my subconscious.
Now I'm a pretty happy guy. I had testicular cancer a few years ago and it gave me a new lease on life. My two year check-up this past June was clean.
The thing is I fell back into my old habits. I was worrying about little things that really didn't matter.
I had a few lousy night of sleep last month. I felt out of sync. I knew I needed to do something to help improve my perspective.
I decided on a 30 day challenge because of how much my no complaining challenge improved my life.
[Read more…]


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Old Lyme - The Zoning Board of Appeals unanimously voted Tuesday to uphold a cease-and-desist order against the Chocolate Shell, a candy shop on the town's main street whose case has drawn public attention.
The board of appeals ruled Tuesday that recent additions to the more than 30-year-old shop on Lyme Street amounted to a "change in use" that is prohibited by zoning laws.
Shop owner Barbara Crowley, who has operated the store at 18 Lyme St. since 2011, recently began selling coffee and prebaked pastries. She installed a "Cafe Open" flag, additional outdoor seats and tables, and stools and a counter in the shop's back room. The town said these additions violated zoning regulations.
Crowley appealed the town's January cease-and-desist order that stated she was operating a take-out and full-service restaurant without permits. Crowley agreed to take down the flag, which was part of the order. She has said she viewed the additions as an extension of her product line at the shop, where she previously sold hot chocolate, as well as chocolates and sweets.
The board's ruling Tuesday follows last week's three-hour public hearing in which residents spoke both for and against the order. Lawyers for the town, Crowley and several neighbors of the Chocolate Shell presented their cases. The zoning decision also set off a larger discussion about the town's zoning laws for Lyme Street.
The town considers commercial properties on Lyme Street, zoned residential in the late '70s, as "non-conforming uses," which means they can continue to operate based on their historical use but cannot expand beyond that. The residential street, also a historic district, has shops along with houses, schools, Town Hall, galleries and a fire station.
In deliberations, several board members stressed that they were making their decisions solely based on interpretation of zoning laws and determining if the additions of the Chocolate Shell constitute a "change in use."
ZBA member Mary Stone said she was not saying the shop's additions were bad - in fact, she said the members could agree that "it's a wonderful thing" - but it nonetheless is illegal since it has changed from what was permitted.
Member Arthur Sibley said several aspects of the store had changed - hours were expanded and food items were now offered that could be consumed on the premises rather than taken away - which made it an illegal change of use. He spoke about the history of how the town made a deliberate decision to preserve Lyme Street and to move its commercial operations to Halls Road.
In his remarks, member Kip Kotzan said he hopes the business would be able to seek a zoning exemption or apply for a variance.
"I want this clearly to be on the record that we're not making a judgment that this is a detriment to the town," he added.
Organic and allergen-sensitive food group to move its headquarters to North Stonington
Mayor: Former Kelo property should be preserved as public park
Maryland officer dedicates bicycle ride to late Groton City officer, raising awareness to police suicide
As spring nears, we look at local average heating oil prices
New London Mayor Finizio gives annual State of the City address
Groton will need magnet programs to solve racial imbalance, consultant says
Connecticut College devotes a day to soul-searching about racism


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Get the ribeye and order it one level more rare than you usually like. Some of the steaks we ordered were more cooked than we would have liked. Our server was excellent even though we were a large group.
If you own or manage Parrilla Argentina Jaco Aberdeen Angus, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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A Very Merry "SNL" Christmas With Jimmy Fallon, Madonna, & JT (VIDEOS)
"Saturday Night Live" treated fans to a very special Christmas show with former alum Jimmy Fallon! The talk show host […]read more
Details On Robin Gibb's Death…And Secret Love Child!
Robin Gibb's son, Robin-John, has opened up about his father's recent death, saying his passing was "peaceful and dignified". And […]read more
Bee Gee's Singer Robin Gibb Awakes From Coma
Singer Robin Gibb has shocked his family after waking up from a coma after he became ill with pneumonia. Gibb's […]read more
Bee Gee's Singer Robin Gibb Lapses Into Coma
Robin Gibb, who has battled cancer for years, now has pneumonia and has fallen into a coma. Robin's wife Dwina […]read more


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Something amazing happened at the Occupy LA rally last Thursday night. Who knew a capitalist would confront the people at the Occupy LA Rally?
Funny but who knew that so many of the Occupy LA crowd would support Herman Cain for president. ┬ĀThey even chanted ŌĆ£9-9-9!ŌĆØ ┬ĀLooks like Cain has crossover appeal that the GOP establishment has overlooked.
Occupy LA is backed and led by several out of the closet communists who are part of the Communist Party USA. ┬ĀFor more info about them check out the link here.
Communists Lead ŌĆ£Occupy Los AngelesŌĆØ Movement ŌĆō Nationwide Takeover Planned


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A thermal-type drop generator for ejecting droplets of liquid having ultra-small volumes. In one embodiment the drop generator includes a chamber defined in part by an orifice member. The chamber is supported by a rigid substrate. Removable material is used in fabricating the chamber.
1. A method of making a drop generator chamber, comprising the steps of:
providing a substrate;
forming an inlet opening through the substrate;
applying removable material on the substrate and in the inlet opening;
shaping some of the removable material as a chamber; and then
forming an orifice member on the substrate to cover substantially all of the removable material but for an orifice in the orifice member; and
removing the removable material from the substrate and the inlet opening so that a chamber and inlet remains.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. An assembly for producing a drop generator that has a fluid chamber having a chamber shape for holding ultra-small volumes of fluid, wherein the drop generator includes an orifice member that substantially covers the chamber and that has an orifice therethrough, comprising:
a substrate; and
a removable mandrel disposed on the substrate and having the chamber shape, the mandrel being arranged and formed, respectively, for being covered by the orifice member and for being thereafter removed.
12. The assembly of
13. The assembly of
14. The assembly of
15. The assembly of
16. The assembly of
17. The assembly of
18. The assembly of
19. The assembly of
20. A method of producing ultra-small droplets, comprising the step of propelling a droplet from a liquid chamber through an orifice by rapidly heating some of the liquid in the chamber, the droplet having a volume of about 10 femtoliters.
21. The method of
[0001] This invention relates to the generation of ultra-small liquid droplets. Droplets having volumes ranging in the tens of femtoliters are characterized here as ultra-small.
[0002] The ongoing advances in medicine and biotechnology are providing many effective and promising systemic therapies that call for the delivery of biological and chemical substances (such as peptides, proteins, and small molecules) to a patient's bloodstream. There are various problems associated with getting certain substances to the bloodstream by conventional delivery means, such as transdermal and oral. For instance, oral delivery of therapeutic proteins does not work because the proteins are digested before they have an opportunity to reach the bloodstream. Thus, for this and other reasons, it is best to deliver such substances to the bloodstream by as direct a route as possible.
[0003] An aerosol is a gaseous suspension of very fine solid or liquid particles. Aerosols are presently used for delivering certain drugs to a patient's lungs. Delivery of drugs or other therapeutic substances to a patient's lungs is sometimes referred to as pulmonary delivery.
[0004] The innermost tissue of the lung is known as the alveolar epithelium, which comprises hundreds of millions of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, that are surrounded by a large network of blood capillaries. The alveoli enable rapid absorption of fluids from the alveoli to the bloodstream. Most effective pulmonary delivery is accomplished when the substance is delivered to the alveoli. The delivery process requires the generation of very small particles or droplets that can be entrained in a gas as an aerosol and inhaled by the patient into the alveoli for transfer to the bloodstream.
[0005] The lung's alveoli can readily absorb liquid drops having diameters equal to or less than about 4 μm, which represents a volume of about 33 femtoliters. A femtoliter is one quadrillionth (10−15) of a liter. Larger drops tend to contact the lung walls before reaching the alveoli and are less likely to permeate the wall to the bloodstream because the airway to the alveoli is lined with a thick, ciliated mucus-covered cell layer.
[0006] A popular pulmonary delivery mechanism is known as a metered dose inhaler (MDI). These are widely used for the delivery of asthma medication. While an MDI delivery system may be effective for medications designed to medicate the lung tissue, they are not optimal for delivery of substances to the alveoli (hence, to the bloodstream). In this regard, an MDI typically combines the drug with a propellant in a pressurized container. Actuation of the device releases metered doses of the aerosol, but the droplet size distribution is large, and the vapor pressure of the propellant varies with temperature and number of uses. Thus, the behavior of the material in the air stream and the extent to which droplets reach the alveoli becomes somewhat unpredictable.
[0007] In view of the foregoing, it can be appreciated that there is a need for a droplet generator that can reliably produce ultra-small-volume droplets with a generally uniform size distribution for entrainment in aerosols.
[0008] There exists the potential for generating very small droplets using a drop generator that is adapted from the kind employed in ink-jet printing. The type of ink-jet printing of interest here (often called thermal ink-jet printing) conducts ink into tiny chambers. Each chamber includes a heat transducer such as, for example, a thin-film resistor, to create a vapor bubble that ejects a droplet of ink through an orifice that overlies the chamber. The chambers and orifices are incorporated into a printhead device that is connected with a supply of ink and with a controller for timing the droplet ejection to reproduce images on media.
[0009] Current ink-jet designs provide drop generators that produce droplet volumes as small as about 4 picoliters, which is equivalent to 4,000 femtoliters. In order to produce droplets in the range of tens of femtoliters that, for example, can be entrained in an aerosol for delivery of the droplets to the alveoli, one is confronted with several problems that prevent a simple scaling-down of current designs to arrive at such ultra-small droplet volumes.
[0010] For example, ejection of single droplets in the tens of femtoliters size range requires extremely small liquid chambers that have critical dimensions that must be carefully controlled during the fabrication process.
[0011] The present invention is directed to the manufacture and use of a thermal-type drop generator for ejecting droplets of liquid having ultra-small volumes. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the drop generator includes an ultra-small liquid chamber defined in part by an orifice member. Removable material is used in fabricating the chamber. The material is sized to match the chamber shape, and it supports the orifice member during processing of the material that makes up the orifice member. The use of such removable material is one of the features of the present invention for producing a drop generator for ejecting the ultra-small droplets.
[0012] Methods and apparatus for carrying out the invention are described in detail below. Other advantages and features of the present invention will become clear upon review of the following portions of this specification and the drawings.
[0013]FIG. 1 is a reproduction of a graphic taken from a computational fluid dynamics simulation of the performance of a drop generator configured in accordance with the present invention.
[0014] FIGS. 2-5 are enlarged cross sectional views of the steps of fabricating a representative drop generator embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
[0015]FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross section diagramming a completed drop generator embodiment.
[0016]FIG. 7 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
[0017]FIG. 8 is a top plan view showing an alternative embodiment of the invention.
[0018]FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating one preferred arrangement of an array of drop generators formed in accordance with the present invention.
[0019]FIG. 1 is a reproduction of a graphic taken from a computational fluid dynamics simulation of the performance of a drop generator that is formed in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. In that figure, the drop generator 20 is depicted in cross section. For modeling purposes, a solid orifice structure 22 is constructed as a generally planar member having a circular orifice 24 defined in it. The orifice 24 has a minimum diameter of about 2 micrometers (μm) at the surface 25 of the orifice structure 22. The orifice diameter gradually increases in the inward direction as shown in FIG. 1. The orifice shape need not be restricted to being circular. Other near-circular shapes will suffice and are contemplated, preferably with the minimum dimension of the orifice being 2 μm across.
[0020] The orifice structure is continuous with a solid substrate member 26 that underlies the orifice structure and has its opposing side 27 in communication with a liquid. Two inlets 28 are defined in the substrate to allow the liquid to flow (as depicted by arrows 30) into a chamber 32. The chamber 32 is a small reservoir for holding liquid prior to ejection of the liquid from the chamber through the orifice 24.
[0021] The mechanism for ejecting the liquid from the chamber is the generation of a vapor bubble in the chamber by a heat transducer 34 that is inside the liquid-filled chamber. The rapid expansion of the bubble ejects the liquid. For computational purposes the heat transducer 34 is considered a planar member (such as a thin-film resistor) that, upon actuation, provides an energy density of about 0.014 mJ/μm2. The liquid under consideration has a viscosity of about 3 cp and a boiling point of 100� C.
[0022] In accordance with the present invention, a droplet having a volume in the range of 10 femtoliters is ejected from the chamber, along a trajectory as shown by arrow 36, upon activation of the heat transducer 34. In one implementation of this invention, the volume of the chamber for producing the ultra-small droplets is only slightly larger than the droplets themselves. The fabrication of such drop generators having ultra-small chamber volumes must be carefully controlled to ensure that the generators can be reliably reproduced. This is especially important with respect to maintaining the shape and size of the chamber during fabrication of the drop generator. What follows is a description of one preferred approach to fabricating drop generators in accordance with the present invention.
[0023]FIG. 6 shows a greatly enlarged cross section of one drop generator 20 formed in accordance with the present invention. For illustrative purposes only one drop generator is shown, but, as will become clear, the fabrication process allows the production of multiple drop generators. The number of drop generators produced depends upon the amount of droplets that are required for a given application. One can consider this requirement in terms of flux, or the number of droplets that are simultaneously ejected from the drop generators. For greater flux requirements, more drop generators can be fabricated. For example, an array of 9000 drop generators operating at 200 kHz could be employed for producing droplets at a volumetric rate of about 25 microliters per second.
[0024] The exemplary drop generator 20 includes a rigid substrate 40 that can be a silicon base 42, which is preferably a conventional silicon wafer upon which has been grown an insulation layer, such as silicon dioxide. The substrate 40 may be as described in the prior art relating to ink-jet printing, an example of such art being U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,477. The substrate includes a layer of resistive material, such as tantalum aluminum portions 35 that are individually connected by thin conductors 37 that are patterned from a conductive layer. These conductors 37 are connected to traces on a flex circuit 60 (shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6). That circuit connects with a controller 52 for operating the drop generators as described more fully below.
[0025] The individual portions 35 of the resistive layer (FIG. 6), hereafter referred to as heat transducers or resistors, are part of what may be collectively referred to as the control layer 44 of the substrate 40, which includes the insulating layer of silicon dioxide, a resistor-protective passivation, and other sub-layers as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,477. The requirement for a passivation layer may be minimal in instances where the liquid to be ejected from the chamber is not damaging to the resistor. In any event, the present invention may be incorporated with any of a number of planar, thermal transducer substrate configurations.
[0026] The substrate 40 may incorporate CMOS circuit components for permitting the use of multiplexed control signals for firing the drop generators. This simplifies the connection with the heat transducers 35 (that is, eliminates the need for numerous traces directly connected with the heat transducers). Also, the complex control logic afforded by the CMOS circuitry enables, for example, precise metering requirements to be programmed into that circuit and, thus, carried with a device (such as an inhaler) for which the drop generators are fabricated. For instance, if medicinal fluid droplets are to be ejected for an aerosol treatment that requires gradually increasing dosage, the control circuitry can be programmed to fire additional drop generators (increase the flux) with each subsequent use of the device.
[0027] With continued reference to the completed drop generator illustrated in FIG. 6, a unitary orifice member 48 is affixed to the control layer 44 and is shaped to define for each drop generator an orifice 29 and underlying liquid chamber 33 that is continuous with the orifice. The resistor 35 is selectively driven (heated) with a pulse of electrical current delivered by the conductors 37. (The conductors bypass the hereafter-described inlets 54.) The heat from the resistor is sufficient to vaporize some of the liquid in the chamber 33, thereby forcing the liquid through the orifice 29 in the form of a droplet as described above with respect to FIG. 1.
[0028] Each chamber 33 is refilled after each ejection with liquid that flows into the chamber through inlets 54 that are formed through the control layer 44. In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface 56 of the control layer 44 of the substrate is patterned and etched to form the inlets 54 before the orifice member 48 is attached to the substrate, and before a channel 58 is etched in the base 42 of the substrate 40, as described below. (The surface 56 is named �upper� for convenience and with the understanding that the surface 56 may be oriented beneath the remainder of the control layer 44 when the drop generator is inverted from the orientation shown in FIG. 6.)
[0029] The particulars of the fabrication steps of the drop generator 20 are described with reference to FIG. 2. Shown there is substrate base 42 after it has been processed to carry the control layer 44 that includes the previously formed inlets 54.
[0030]FIG. 3 illustrates the substrate 40 after formation of a removable mandrel 55 that temporarily fills the inlets 54 and is shaped to define the final shape of the chamber 33 as shown in FIG. 6). As will be described, the ultra-small chamber volume is defined in part with a photoresist material that is exposed to form the orifice member 48 (FIG. 6). The use of a mandrel, such as depicted at 55 in FIG. 3, helps to ensure that the resulting orifice member will be a substantially planar member having a predictable thickness �T� (FIG. 6), which ensures that the correct chamber volume is in place for the desired ultra-small-volume drop generator.
[0031] Put another way, in the absence of the use of a mandrel in accordance with the present invention, the normal erosion and slight deformation of photoresist material that occurs in the course of exposing portions of that material (which erosion may not affect larger-scale drop generator fabrications) will result in unacceptably larger orifices and smaller liquid chambers than desired when ultra-small chamber volumes are sought. That is, in working with ultra-small chamber volumes, the photoresist fabrication approach does not provide the fabrication tolerances required for such small chambers. The use of the mandrel or the present invention supports the photoresist material in a manner that reduces erosion and deformation of that material during processing of the orifice member, thereby providing a more predictable final chamber and orifice size.
[0032] As will become clear upon reading this description, in one sense the use of a removable mandrel 55 is akin to a lost-wax method of casting whereby replaceable material, wax, is used to support and define the shape of an outer structure (such as a mold) that is built around the wax. The wax is removed once the mold is complete.
[0033] In one preferred embodiment the mandrel is comprised of spin-on glass (SOG) material, which can be a mixture of silicon dioxide suspended in a solvent solution with dopants such as boron or phosphorous, preferably phosphorous. Alternatively, the SOG may be a siloxene-type, which is a Si�O polymer with attached methyl groups. The SOG is applied using conventional spin coating techniques, filling the inlets 54 and built up to a thickness matching the height of the chamber 33 between the upper surface 56 of the control layer 44 and what will become the underside 57 of the orifice member 48 at the orifice 29 (see FIG. 6).
[0034] The SOG is thereafter patterned to define the chamber shape and portions outside of that shape are etched away using, for example, HF, to leave the mandrel 55 configuration illustrated in FIG. 3. The SOG material helps to maintain the planarity of the surfaces of the later-applied and processed orifice member 48. Also, the SOG material is advantageous because it adheres well to the orifice member material, which is described below.
[0035] In an alternative embodiment the mandrel could be made from metal, such as aluminum, applied and shaped using conventional metal deposition and etching (wet or dry) techniques.
[0036] With the removable mandrel in place, the orifice member 48 is applied to the upper surface 56 of the substrate, across the area of the mandrel 55 (FIG. 4). In one preferred embodiment, the orifice member is a slow-cross-linking polymer that is applied using a conventional spin-coating tool such as one manufactured by Karl Suss, KG. In a preferred embodiment, the photoresist material comprises a photo-polymerizable epoxy resin known generally in the trade as SU-8. One example is that available from MicroChem Corp. of Newton, Mass. and sold under the name of SU8-10. It will be appreciated, however, that the orifice member could comprise any of a number of photoresist materials that become insoluble in developing solutions after exposure to electromagnetic radiation, such as UV radiation.
[0037] The spin-coating process associated with the spin-coating tool allows a planar surface to be formed as the slow-cross-linking polymer covers the mandrel 55. An exemplary process for spin coating is to spread a layer of the resist onto a substrate wafer (which carries a plurality of mandrels for forming an associated plurality of drop generators) with the spin coating tool set to 70 rpm with an acceleration of 100 rpm/s and a spread time of 20 seconds. The spinning is then stopped with a deceleration of 100 rpm/s and rest for 10 secs. The coated substrate is then spun at 1060 rpm at an acceleration rate of 300 rpm/s for 30 secs to spread the resist over the entire substrate.
[0038] Alternative polymer application processes can be used, including roll coating, curtain coating, extrusion coating, spray coating, and dip coating. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there exist other methods to apply the polymer layers to the substrate. The slow cross-linking polymer is made by mixing optical dye (such as orange #3, �2% weight) into either a photoimagable polyimide or photoimagable epoxy transparent polymer material. By adding dye, the amount of electromagnetic energy required is greater than non-dye mixed material to cross-link the material.
[0039]FIG. 4 illustrates the exposure of the layer of the cross-linking polymer material of member 48 with a high dosage of electromagnetic energy (illustrated with arrows 62). In an exemplary embodiment, this step is carried out with a Micralign scanning projection aligner as manufactured by SVG of San Jose, Calif., with an exposure setting that is sufficient to expose and cross link the entire depth of the orifice member polymer.
[0040] The energy (such as UV radiation) is applied to the orifice member material through a mask (not shown). The mask is a conventional device comprising, for example, a quartz substrate patterned with opaque material such as chromium to define (by leaving unexposed) the shape of the orifice 29. The unexposed portion of the polymer that represents the orifice 29 (shown at dashed line 31 in FIG. 4) is then removed using, for example, a process comprising a 70-second development in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 1 krpm and an 8 second mix of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and NMP at 1 krpm, then a 10-second rinse with IPA at 1 krpm, and, finally, a 60 second spin at 2 krpm. Such a developing tool is available from Solitec Wafer Processing, Inc., of San Jose, Calif.
[0041]FIG. 5 shows the drop generator upon the completion of the orifice member development step. The underside 66 of the substrate is then etched with a silicon etch, such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) to create the channel 58. The channel 58 is intended for fluid communication with the inlets 54 as explained below.
[0042] At the time or subsequent to the creation of the channel 58 in the substrate base 42, the mandrel 55 is removed. In the embodiment using the SOG material, an HF etch can be carried out on both sides of the substrate for removing the mandrel to arrive at the configuration shown in FIG. 6. Other mandrel materials would require suitable etchants for removing the mandrel.
[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the height of the chamber 33 (that is, between the top surface 56 of the control layer and the underside 57 of the orifice member covering the chamber is selected to be about 2 μm. Any of a number of chamber shapes (rounded or rectilinear walls) will suffice. In the preferred embodiment, the overall chamber volume is 25 femtoliters. This volume can be considered as the volumetric portion of the chamber over the resistor 35 as well as the volume of the orifice 29. A chamber of this overall volume and an associated resistor having an area of about 9 μm2 will produce a droplet having a volume in the range of 10 femtoliters. Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the viscosity of the liquid and other factors will affect drop volume. The foregoing dimensions relate to a liquid having a viscosity of about 3 cp and a boiling point of 100� C.
[0044] A supply of liquid may be provided to the substrate channel 58 in any of a number of ways. For example, the substrate undersurface 66 may be attached to the outer surface of a body 68 of a device (FIG. 6) that carries a reservoir of liquid. The body surface is configured with several conduits 70 (one of which is shown in FIG. 6), each conduit 70 aligning with a channel 58 for directing the liquid from a reservoir to the channel. As noted above, a substrate can carry many drop generators 20, several of which can be fluidically coupled to the linear channel 58 in the substrate, and the substrate can carry several of such channels.
[0045]FIG. 7, shows in a top plan diagram the arrangement of the exemplary orifice 29, resistor 35, and inlets 54 of the embodiment of FIG. 6. There, liquid flows from the channel 58 (FIG. 6) into two inlets 54 disposed on opposite sides of the resistor 35. It may be desirable to alter this arrangement so that only a single inlet 54 is provided on one side of the resistor.
[0046]FIG. 8 shows in a top plan diagram an alternative arrangement of orifice, resistor, and inlet components of an exemplary pair of chambers 133 as formed in accordance with the present invention. Here, a relatively large resistor 135 (for example, 6 μm2) is used and the orifice member is formed with four orifices 129 overlying the four corner portions of the resistor. The liquid provided to the resistor 135 flows through a pair of inlets 154, one inlet on each side of the resistor 135.
[0047]FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating yet another one of several ways of arranging a small group of drop generators on a substrate 40 (the drop generators being made in a batch following the process steps set forth above). This overall device (substrate with multiple drop generators) can be considered a drop generator head 72. The diagram of FIG. 9 is a plan view wherein the circular items represent the array of orifices 29 that are above the resistors 35. The resistors 35 are connected by the conductive layers 37 that extend to a location near the edges of the substrate 40 for connection with the above-mentioned circuit 60 that leads from the controller.
[0048] In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the orifice member 48 is formed to extend between the upper surface 56 of the control layer 44 (see FIG. 6) in the regions away from the orifices, thereby to define barrier islands 74 as shown in FIG. 9 for supporting the orifice member on the control layer 44. Thus, the chambers 33 are generally contiguous with one another. Also, in this embodiment, the inlets 54 are square in cross section and arranged so that there are at least two inlets 54 adjacent to each resistor 35.
[0049] Other arrangements are contemplated. For example, the resistors and orifices need not be aligned in a 90-degree grid as shown in FIG. 9. Rather, the resistors and orifices can be arranged in staggered columns and/or rows.
[0050] As mentioned above, the present invention provides a drop generator for creating droplets having volumes in the range of tens of femtoliters and that, for example, are suitable for entrainment in an aerosol for effective pulmonary delivery. For instance, the drop generator head 72 may be mounted to receive a medicinal liquid (or any liquid-based biological and chemical substances as mentioned above).
[0051] Even though the foregoing description has focused on the production of ultra-small droplets suitable for aerosol delivery to the alveoli, it will be appreciated that such small droplets can be generated for other applications. Of course, the drop generators may be used for ejecting ultra-small droplets of ink to enable ink-jet printing with remarkably high resolution. The drop generators of the present invention also could be incorporated with supplies of liquids suitable for scent delivery, or dispensing precisely controlled amounts of pesticides, paints, fuels, etc. It is also contemplated that such drop generators may be employed in microfabrication processes like the ones contemplated in this description. For example, ultra-small mandrel-like or other features may be formed using such drop generators to deposit liquid-based material to a substrate for further curing or other processing.
[0052] Having here described preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is anticipated that other modifications may be made thereto within the scope of the invention by individuals skilled in the art. For example, the mandrel material may be selected to be heavily dyed (as compared to the orifice member material) photo-polymerizable epoxy such that exposure to the radiation that cross-links the orifice member will not do the same to the mandrel material. Thus the polymer mandrel can be dissolved for removing the mandrel after the orifice material is completely formed.
[0053] In one embodiment, the mandrel material and orifice member material are selected to provide a wetting characteristic of the orifice member material such that it wets (i.e., has a contact angle of less than 90 degrees) the surface of the mandrel to which it is applied. This wetting characteristic ensures that the interface between the removable mandrel and the orifice member is continuous and free from air bubbles and other irregularities that may occur if the orifice member material was non-wetting as respects the mandrel. Moreover, the mandrel material may be selected (or surface treated) so that after that material is removed from the chamber 33 there remains a residue on the chamber surface that enhances the wetting characteristic of the chamber surface. This will improve liquid flow into and out of the chamber and reduce the likelihood of entrapping air in the chamber.
[0054] Also, it is also contemplated that the mandrel material may be shaped to include the cylindrical portion that defines each orifice (as shown at dashed line 31 in FIG. 4, so that the orifice material, such as the described SU-8 or any other suitable orifice material, may be spun-on and exposed without the need to pattern separately the individual orifice portions. In this case, the use of a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step would be required for planarizing the orifice material surface and ensuring no orifice material overlies the cylindrical portion 31 before the next process step (removal of the mandrel material) is undertaken.
[0055] Moreover it is contemplated that before the control layer 44 is fabricated on the silicon base 42, the surface of the base that carries the control layer 44 can be etched to define a recess. The recess is filled with polysilicon, the surface of which is made planar (as by chemical-mechanical polishing) with that of the adjacent surface of the base. The polysilicon material underlies the control layer 44, including resistive portion 35, in the space between and surrounding the inlets 54. The polysilicon makes more durable the portion of the drop generator that spans the channel 58 shown in FIG. 6.
[0056] Thus, although preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be appreciated that the spirit and scope of the invention is not limited to those embodiments, but extend to the various modifications and equivalents as defined in the appended claims.
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