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Measuring the auto-correlation of server to client traffic in
Measuring the auto-correlation of server to client traffic in First Person Shooter games Philip Branch Grenville Armitage Centre for Advanced Internet Architecture Centre for Advanced Internet Architecture Swinburne University of Technology Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia Melbourne, Australia email@example.com email@example.com Abstract— Modelling traffic generated by Internet based positive where long packets tend to be followed by long multiplayer computer games has attracted a great deal of packets and short packets tend to be followed by short packets, attention in the past few years. In part this has been driven by a or is it negative where long packets tend to be followed by desire to properly simulate the network impact of highly short packets and vice-versa? FPS traffic models developed so interactive online game genres such as the first person shooter far have implicitly assumed that there is no correlation between (FPS). Past work has dealt with packet size and packet packet lengths. Understanding correlation between packet interarrival times without consideration of packet size lengths is important in the construction of realistic models. A autocorrelations. Packet size auto-correlation is an important succession of long packets followed by a succession of short element in the creation of plausible traffic generators for network packets will have a different impact on the network than a simulators such as ns-2 and omnet++. In this paper we present an analysis of the auto-correlation of packet size for Half-Life, Half- succession of long and short packets randomly interspersed. Life Counterstrike, Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2 Counterstrike, Quake Long range traffic dependence has been a significant area of III Arena and Wolfenstein Enemy Territory. We show that research for more than a decade [13] and has been shown to be packet sizes appear to be autocorrelated. present in many different forms of traffic. Consequently it seems reasonable to assume game traffic is also not entirely Keywords- Network applications, games and services, random. Teletraffic Analysis, Traffic Engineering Understanding correlation between packet lengths allows us to predict what happens to delay and delay variation when the I. INTRODUCTION traffic is multiplexed with other types of traffic and what link Modeling traffic generated by Internet based multiplayer and server capacities are necessary to meet a given grade of computer games has attracted a great deal of attention in the service. In the same way that web and other traffic has been past few years [2, 4-7, 10-12, 15]. Highly interactive genres analyzed and modeled to predict the consequences for the such as the first person shooter (FPS) are of particular interest Internet, it is necessary to analyze game traffic and produce to network engineers. Like voice over IP (VoIP) and other models that can also be used in the same way [3]. interactive conference-style applications, FPS games are Traffic in the client to server direction usually consists of generally sensitive to packet loss, jitter and high latency. FPS small IP packets whose size distribution varies within a narrow games commonly use UDP rather than TCP, and transmission band. On the other hand, traffic in the server to client direction rates reflect in-game activity without any particular regard to consists of much larger packets that show great variation in network congestion. FPS games are typically based on a client- size [1]. In this paper we investigate the autocorrelation of server model for network traffic, with thousands or tens of server to client packet lengths from FPS games with between 2 thousands of FPS servers active on the Internet at any given and 9 players. We use the public game traffic trace archives time [1]. This has motivated research community interest in contained in Swinburne University of Technology's SONG predicting the traffic load imposed on network links by database [14]. We investigate the autocorrelations from six multiplayer FPS games. Since it is usually impractical to build FPS games released between 1998 and 2005: Half-Life and measure a full-size network, such analyses are usually Deathmatch (HLDM), Half-Life Counterstrike (HLCS), Quake investigated through simulation using statistical models created III Arena (Q3A), Wolfenstein Enemy Territory (ET), Half-Life from the answers to the first question. Good traffic models are 2 Deathmatch (HL2DM) and Half-Life 2 Counterstrike needed to ensure the simulations are useful [8]. (HL2CS). Consequently, there has been a great deal of work in We show that packet lengths appear to be auto-correlated understanding traffic for the purpose of constructing simulation for all six games and for any number of players. We show that models of FPS games [1, 2, 5, 7, 10-12]. However, an simple Markov chain models may satisfactorily capture the important question so far neglected in these models relates to correlation but that some games exhibit more complex, long- whether the sizes of successive packets are correlated or range correlations that may require more sophisticated traffic entirely random. If there is some form of correlation, is it models. The rest of our paper is structured as follows. Section II expectations of smooth interactivity (shorter Y for more reviews the basic network architecture and traffic patterns of frequent updates). modern FPS games. Section III discusses Server to Client packet length autocorrelation. Section IV presents a number of Clients send their own updates to the game server at less autocorrelation plots from the six FPS games we tested. precisely defined intervals, often influenced by the client's Section V shows how autocorrelation of a Markov process can processor speed, graphics card settings and player activity. be captured in a Markov chain transition matrix and Section VI Typical intervals vary from 10ms to over 40ms [1]. concludes the paper. C. Traffic Compression II. FIRST PERSON SHOOTER GAMES Modern FPS games actively compress server to client data to maximize playability over a wide range of network In this section we review underlying reasons for the conditions and consumer access technologies. Simple network traffic generated by modern FPS games. Readers compression involves the use of smallest possible bit-fields to familiar with FPS games may skip to section 3. carry variable data. More complex compression involves the server only sending information to a client about regions of the A. Client-server Architecture virtual world currently visible to the client. Since every client Multiplayer online games have an underlying requirement has a different perspective on the virtual world the server that game-state information is shared amongst all players in effectively customizes every client update packet for the client something close to real-time. Each game client acts as an to which it is sent. interface between the local human player and the virtual game- Packets from server to client exhibit substantial variations world within which the player interacts with other players. In in length as in-game activity surrounding a given client varies principle clients might be designed to communicate directly with time. For example, during active play of Q3A for a 9- with each other in a peer-to-peer fashion. In practice, most FPS player game, packets from server to client range between 32 games utilize a client-server model (including the six examples and 960 bytes with 90% being between 98 and 460 bytes. For presented in this paper). Every client's actions are sent in short HL2DM packet lengths during active play are between 16 and messages to the server, and every client is regularly updated 1400 bytes with 90% between 95 and 501 bytes. with the actions taken by other players. The server implements the game-world's state machine, regulating client actions in A typical human can trigger only a limited number of order to maintain the game's internal rules and minimize events in any given 10ms to 40ms window. Consequently opportunities for cheating. packets from client to server are typically much smaller than the packets from server to client, and exhibit very limited B. Game-state Updates variation in size. For example, client to server IP payload lengths range between 25 and 45 bytes for Q3A during active A typical FPS game involves an ISP or game enthusiast game play, with 90% of all packets between 28 and 38 bytes hosting a game server on the Internet, and players joining the long. For HL2DM, packet lengths vary between 36 and 99 with game using client software running on a home PC or IP- 90% of all packets being between 57 and 75 bytes long. enabled game console. (In reality the game could also be run on a private, local IP network – commonly referred to as 'LAN parties'. For the purpose of this paper we focus on the case D. Phases of game-play and game traffic where both the game server and clients are all on the public There are roughly three different phases of interaction Internet.) The game client updates and renders the game's between client and server that impact on network traffic. virtual world on screen based on regular messages received • A client initially connects to the server, and receives data from the game server. User inputs to the game client (actions from the server to update the client's local virtual world such as walking, looking around or shooting weapons) are information (map definitions, avatar 'skins', etc) passed to the game server to be verified and propagated to other players. • The client is connected to the server and game is in progress (players running around shooting and interacting Game-state updates must occur in a timely and prompt with each other) manner, with minimal bias or favor towards any particular player. Timeliness is achieved by sending a unicast IP packet • The client is connected to the server, and the game has to each client every Y milliseconds (ms). Y is typically in the been paused as the server changes maps or restarts a range of 30 to 60ms – for example, the default update interval previous map (after someone wins the previous 'round') is 60ms for HLDM, 50ms for Q3A and 33ms for HL2DM. To Tight control over network jitter and packet loss is really minimize bias, update packets to different clients are sent in only required during active game-play. During periods of back-to-back bursts (for example, a four-player Q3A game player inactivity (initial client connection and server changing server would default to sending bursts of four back-to-back maps) the network can exhibit fluctuating latency, jitter and update packets every 50ms, one IP packet to each active packet loss without upsetting the player. Our analysis is of data client). Each client will receive an update packet every Y ms obtained during active game-play. regardless of how much in-game activity is occurring. The choice of Y for a given game depends on the available network capacity (longer Y for lower bandwidth demand) versus player III. SERVER TO CLIENT PACKET LENGTH the empirically derived autocorrelation function and a best-fit AUTOCORRELATION exponential function. If the autocorrelation function decays more quickly than the exponential function then that is some In this section we discuss the need for empirical evidence of randomness. If the autocorrelation function is experiments to model basic server to client packet traffic, and approximately exponential, then that is evidence that the packet introduce the autocorrelation plot as a way of measuring length autocorrelation can be captured with a Markov model. If correlation between successive packet lengths. the autocorrelation function decays much more slowly than the exponential function then that is evidence of a more complex, A. Modeling server to client traffic from empirical data long rang dependence. A primary motive for modeling FPS network traffic is to assist in provisioning the network to provide a quality game All plots suggest that the games exhibit autocorrelation. playing experience. Therefore we simplify the modeling Whether or not Markov models are adequate will depend on process by focusing on traffic patterns that exist during active the purpose of the simulation but from the plots it appears that game play. We further focus on server to client packet size Q3A, ET, HL2DM and HL2CS can be adequately modeled by distributions, as client to server packet length distributions are Markov methods. HLDM and HLCS appear to exhibit longer- usually quite simple. range dependence that may require more complex models. In principle one could estimate the correlation of server to A. Half-Life client packet sizes by applying models of player mobility and 1 Empirical behavior onto a given map. Simulated interactions would lead 0.9 Exponential 0.8 alised) to simulated in-game events and hence simulated server to 0.7 client packets. However, such an approach is likely to be rather Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 complex, and begs the question of where to find realistic player 0.5 mobility models applicable to each map. 0.4 0.3 In practice it is easier to simply gather server to client 0.2 packet statistics while observing actual games in progress. 0.1 Trials can be run and monitored for specific maps, and specific 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) numbers of players. The resulting server to client packet size distributions will reflect each player's natural movements and the player-player interactions induced by the particular map. Figure 1. Half-Life Deathmatch empirical and exponential 2- player autocorrelation functions 1 B. Measuring packet length autocorrelation 0.9 Empirical Exponential A purely random sequence of packet lengths will exhibit 0.8 alised) 0.7 near zero correlation with successive packet lengths whereas if Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 the traffic is not random the correlation between successive 0.5 packet lengths will be significantly greater than zero. 0.4 0.3 Autocorrelation plots are commonly used for investigating 0.2 the randomness or otherwise of a data set. An autocorrelation 0.1 plot shows the autocorrelations between the data for varying 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 packet shifts (often referred to as 'lag'). Lag (packets) The simplest autocorrelation models (apart from purely Figure 2. Half-Life Deathmatch empirical and exponential 9- random) are Markov models. In Markov models prediction of player autocorrelation functions the next value (in this case packet length) is based solely on the current value. An indication of whether or not traffic exhibits B. Half-Life Counterstrike 1 Markov characteristics is the rate at which correlation between 0.9 Empirical Exponential two samples decreases as the distance between the samples 0.8 alised) increases [13]. For a Markov process, the correlation between 0.7 Autocorrelation (norm two samples decreases exponentially as the distance (or lag) 0.6 time between the samples increases. For a Process showing 0.5 longer range dependence the correlation decreases more 0.4 0.3 slowly. 0.2 0.1 IV. AUTOCORRELATION PLOTS 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) In this section we show autocorrelation plots for HLDM, HLCS, Q3A, ET, HL2DM, and HL2CS. The plots show Figure 3. Half-Life Counterstrike empirical and exponential 2- autocorrelation spanning 250 packets, corresponding to player autocorrelation functions approximately 5 seconds of game play. For reasons of space we show only 2- and 9- player games. Each plot contains both 1 1 Empirical Empirical 0.9 Exponential 0.9 Exponential 0.8 alised) 0.8 alised) 0.7 0.7 Autocorrelation (norm Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) Lag (Packets) Figure 4. Half-Life Counterstrike empirical and exponential 9- Figure 8. Wolfenstein Enemy Territory empirical and player autocorrelation functions exponential 9-player autocorrelation functions C. Quake III Arena E. Half-Life 2 1 1 Empirical Empirical 0.9 Exponential 0.9 Exponential 0.8 0.8 alised) alised) 0.7 0.7 Autocorrelation (norm Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) Lag (packets) Figure 5. Quake III Arena empirical and exponential 2-player Figure 9. Half-Life 2 Deathmatch empirical and exponential 2- autocorrelation functions player autocorrelation functions 1 1 Empirical Empirical 0.9 Exponential 0.9 Exponential 0.8 0.8 alised) alised) 0.7 0.7 Autocorrelation (norm Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) Lag (packets) Figure 6. Quake III Arena empirical and exponential 9-player Figure 10. Half-Life 2 Deathmatch empirical and exponential 9- autocorrelation functions player autocorrelation functions D. Wolfenstein Enemy Territory F. Half-Life 2 Counterstrike 1 1 Empirical Empirical 0.9 Exponential 0.9 Exponential 0.8 0.8 alised) alised) 0.7 0.7 Autocorrelation (norm Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) Lag (packets) Figure 7. Wolfenstein Enemy Territory empirical and Figure 11. Half-Life 2 Counterstrike empirical and exponential 2- exponential 2-player autocorrelation functions player autocorrelation functions 1 0.9 Empirical Exponential VI. CONCLUSION 0.8 Previous work modeling server to client FPS traffic has alised) 0.7 typically made a simplifying implicit assumption that packet Autocorrelation (norm 0.6 0.5 lengths are uncorrelated. We have shown this assumption to be 0.4 of doubtful validity. Empirical evidence from six modern FPS 0.3 games, with varying numbers of players, reveals packet length 0.2 autocorrelation. We have shown how this autocorrelation can 0.1 be captured in a Markov Chain model. 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 Lag (packets) Future work will involve investigating the effectiveness or otherwise of Markov process models in capturing the nature of Figure 12. Half-Life 2 Counterstrike empirical and exponential 9- this autocorrelation. player autocorrelation functions ACKNOWLEDGMENT V. MARKOV CHAIN REPRESENTATION OF AUTOCORRELATION This work was partly supported by the Smart Internet Cooperative Research Centre http://www.smartinternet.com.au In the previous section we have shown that there is evidence of autocorrelation in packet lengths generated by an FPS game. We now give a brief outline of how such REFERENCES autocorrelation can be implemented in a simulation. We will [1] Armitage, G., Claypoole, M. and Branch, P., "Networking and Online illustrate this using the HL2CS 9-player game whose Games : Understanding and Engineering Multiplayer Internet Games," autocorrelation function is shown in Figure 12. From the John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, 2006. autocorrelation function we can see that the autocorrelation [2] Borella, M., "Source models of network game traffic," Computer function is approximately exponential and so can reasonably be Communications, 23 (4). 403-410. modeled with a Markov process. Because it is easy to [3] Cunha, C., Bestavros, A. and Crovella, M., "Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces," Boston University Technical Report, 19951995 implement in a simulation we will illustrate how this data can [4] Farber, J., "Network game traffic modelling," in Proc of the first ACM be implemented with a discrete time Markov Chain [9]. workshop on network and system support for games, (Braunschweig, A Markov chain is a sequence of random variables, X1, X2, Germany, April 2002). X3,… with the property that the future state is dependent only [5] Farber, J., "Traffic Modelling for Fast Action Network Games," Multimedia Tools and Applications, 23 (1). 31-46. on the current state. That is: [6] Feng, W., Chang, F., Feng, W. and Walpole, J., "Provisioning on-line Pr( X n +1 = x j | Xn = xi , X n −1 = xk ,...) = Pr( X n +1 = x j | Xn = xi ) games: a traffic analysis of a busy Counter-Strike server," in Proc. of SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop, (Marseille, France, Where the number of states xi is finite, the conditional November 2002). probabilities can be represented by a transition matrix T. If the [7] Feng, W.-C., Chang, F., Feng, W.-C. and Walpole, J., "A traffic process is in state i, the probability of the next state being state characterization of popular on-line games," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 13 (3). j is given by the element Ti, j [8] Floyd, S. and Kohler, E., "Internet Research Needs Better Models," in From the data used to construct the autocorrelation plot for First Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, (Princeton, New Jersey, 28- HL2CS, we can construct the transition matrix T of conditional 29 October). probabilities. The transition matrix for the 9-player Half-Life 2 [9] Kemeny, J., Knapp, A. and Snell, J., "Denumerable Markov Chains," von-Nostrand, Princetone, N. J., 1976. Counterstrike game is shown in the following matrix. [10] Lang, T. and Armitage, G., "A ns2 model for the Xbox system link game ª0.82 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00º HALO," in Proc. Australian Telecommunications Networks and «0.04 0.85 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00» Applications Conference, (Melbourne, Australia, December 2003). « » [11] Lang, T., Armitage, G., Branch, P. and Choo, H., "A synthetic traffic «0.00 0.35 0.57 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00» « » model for Half-Life," in Proc. of the Australian Telecommunications « 0.01 0.22 0.43 0.29 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00» Network and Applications Conference, (Melbourne, December 2003). T = «0.00 0.18 0.38 0.16 0.20 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00» [12] Lang, T., Branch, P. and Armitage, G., "A synthetic model for Quake III « » «0.06 0.16 0.19 0.10 0.11 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.00» traffic," in Proc. ACM SIGCHI Advances in Computer Entertainment «0.00 0.16 0.25 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.35 0.03 0.00» (ACE2004), (Singapore, June 2004). « » [13] Paxson, V., "Empirically derived analytic models of wide-area TCP «0.00 0.13 0.11 0.18 0.09 0.20 0.07 0.16 0.07» «0.00 0.08» connections," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2 (4). 316-336. ¬ 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.19 0.27 0.08 ¼ [14] Swinburne University of Technology, "Simulating Online Network In this matrix we have 'binned' packet lengths into 0 to 50 Games (SONG) database," 2006 http://caia.swin.edu.au/sitcrc, 27 bytes, 51 to 100, 101 to 150 and so on. The matrix can be used July2006 to generate correlated output by going from bin i to bin j with [15] Zander, S. and Armitage, G., "A traffic model for the XBOX game Halo probability Ti, j and randomly choosing a packet length in the 2," in 15th ACM International Workshop on Network and Operating range represented by that bin. By binning the data we avoid System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV 2005), over-fitting the data set and keep the transition matrix to a (Washington, June 2005). manageable size.
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Sporting events question Is there some sort of extreme or risky sport you want to experien eat street grill ce sometime? I'd love to try bobsleigh. What an adrenaline that needs to be! luge looks pleasurable too in a 'break every bone on your body while wearing an important unitard so all of us can see there is a zit for your ass' kind in way^ ditto. did in reality Cooke on? I will not post a connection, I seem to generally be having problems by using YT today. She split your girlfriend pants while getting ready to start a bobsleigh runI Tested out The Bobsled & Was Extremely Frightend That it may well tumble over the within the low barrrier, it may well have meant certain death. In ocean Tahoe, before it had become gentrified was a very good place to proceed. Back then any lake's water was first much clearer. Terrible no. I really don't do anything particular sports except sex. So many ways to become hurt. I hate to get harm! you're more associate mexican food nutritional d with a, huh? Ha. Nah. Simply pussy. I've happen to be skydiving Loved them, I want to go again! I want to go skydiving!! We skydiving too. I wassurrounding the Mojave desert whenever i suffered a range tangle that leaded to an extremely accele apple recipe torte rated descent. Never. By chance. Again. Ever. Have you ever been to lake Useful to go there lots. Anyway they useful to let you ride an old time fashioned bobsled now there. It was fun. Try it if you ever get the opportunity. Is making pasta with scratch extreme sufficient? Pasta maker rustic cat tree I've never done it but Relating to italian relatives. it sure looks hard enough to qualify in doing my book. It isn't actually. I find it theraputic.


text:
Residence Inn West Orange
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Day 38 - Yellowstone
... though because they went around in circles, he was all macho like 'nobody hit me, I didn't fall, who cares it doesn't matter' and then would get ****** off at her pike 'somebody messed my face up and you're acting like it's no big deal!' But then when she'd ask him what happened he'd go back to denying everything. Pretty entertaining and they were in bed the earliest they'd ...
Cahill scores
... and now sitting in KAL lounge.. Nice seating overlooking Tarmac , white and red wine , soft drinks , coffee , tea and some snacks .. Not extensive but very very welcoming ... Bit of a security line to get in .. But all ok. No search for me which is unusual .. Why they pick on me is anyone's guess ... Not much shopping in terminal .. But a few nice shops for browsing ... Happy to be coming home after a wonderful magical holiday .... Will keep you ...
The big Apple!
... to our hostel. It was a long and exhausting day but I enjoyed seeing more of the city.
On Monday I went for a tour of some of Central Park before going to Chelsea Market for lunch. Then I walked the High Line, a disused elevated railway track that has been converted to public gardens. On my way back to the hostel I stopped by Madison Square Garden. In the evening I went with a group of people from the hostel to a Yankees baseball game where ...
Leaving New York
Okay so the long and the short of it is that after a week in New York there was a little packing to do this morning! Not phased by it we had it done in good time and set forth for a final coffee at Zibetto and a final explore of the stores on 5th Avenue. By midday we were again in Chelsea and ready for lunch at an old favourite - Spice Market. Absolutely delicious food again - menu below. ...
Day Five NYC
Today was art gallery day! Caught a cab uptown to the Guggenheim which was just as amazing as I thought it would be. We went straight to the top and worked our way down. The Italian Futurism Exhibition was on and also a black American photographer Carrie Mae Weems. Her work is socially motivated and invites contemplation on issues surrounding race, gender and class inequality. Souvenirs are quite expensive here but I bought ...


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Is A Headache An Hiv Symptom
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Migraine HeadachesI'm concerned if mirgraine headaches are associated with being AIDS/HIV positive. I have not been tested. I've heard that these types of headaches may be associated with being positive.
Response from John L. Sullivan, M.D.
University of Massachusetts, Medical School...I am not aware of migraine headaches being a common symptom of HIV infection;JLS. Read more »
HeadacheDoc young, thanks for your good work on here. Am Hiv +. CD4 over 500 and VL undetectable. Never... Read more »
HIV headacheDoctor Holodniy,Can hiv cause a persistent chronic tension type headache? If so how long after... Read more »
Depression and HIV...Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, called SSRIs . They can cause loss of sexual desire and function, lack of appetite, headache, insomnia, fatigue, upset stomach, diarrhea, and restlessness or anxiety. The tricyclics have more side... Read more »
Acute HIV Infection...anything. Symptoms generally occur within 2 to 4 weeks. The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, and rash. Others include headache, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, feeling achy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and night sweats. It is easy to... Read more »
Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)...Most new drugs have been tested by comparing them to zidovudine. "Early treatment" with zidovudine was tested in people with no symptoms of HIV disease. The study showed no benefit to taking zidovudine. But zidovudine is used as part of... Read more »
Fungal Infections...spinal cord and brain. If it is not treated correctly, cryptococcal meningitis can cause coma or death. Symptoms: Fever Headache Vision problems Confusion Nausea Vomiting Let your doctor know if you experience any of these... Read more »
Connect With Others
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Im having these white bumps on my arm and a bad headache is this a symptom of HIV Read more »
Posted by Anonymous, 4 RepliesCan any of you remembger when you got sick ? how severe were your symptoms for HIV and how mild were they ? how many didnt have any symptoms ? did anyone have sex and a condom broke and got HIV ? Read more »
Posted by nomanalone, 1 Reply...I have heard that lymph nodes do not hurt when experiencing HIV symptoms. Is this true? Otherwise I feel fine. Are these symptoms of HIV? It is getting really annoying and starting to freak me out a little. Please, and help is appreciated. Read more »
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...Two days later i had pain in my neck which feelings strange something like a sore throat and also some headaches. Can these me symptoms of hiv and they started to come and appear. Thank you for your reply Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


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I found reading Apostles, Prophets and the Coming Moves of God to be the best I have ever read. Very informatiive and down to the point! Very much about how to get to where God wants you to be, in His kingdom. Not only did I read this myself but I also purchased several more and gave to fellow worshippers to help them to seek God and what God has for us.
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You are a fan of cybernations aging ? Come to discover the best forums cybernations aging on the internet and share your experience with a community fan of cybernations aging . You can also build a forum cybernations aging and create your online discussion.
The Atlantic Sphere Initiative is a cybernations alliance
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Forums for Doom Squad, a Cybernations. net alliance
The official forums of the CyberNations alliance The Sovereign Order
Free forum : The official forum of The Order of Sileo alliance in CyberNations.
free, forum, order, sileo, official, alliance, #cybernations
Free forum : . . . . .


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Displaying gems 151 - 180 of 3034 in total
langis 0.1.0
Langis is a Rack inspired publish-subscribe system for Ruby. It has flexible mess...
1,573 Downloads
langouste 0.1.6
Gem and console tool for translation through various online services (google translate,...
9,227 Downloads
langrove 0.0.5.4
eventmachine based networked daemon framework
10,765 Downloads
LanGrove 0.0.2
eventmachine based networked daemon framework
53,446 Downloads
langrove-google-plugin 0.0
GoogleDoc Spreadsheet LanGrove Persistor
1,080 Downloads
langrove-mongodb-plugin 0.0
MongoDB LanGrove Persistor
1,085 Downloads
langrove-plugin-google 0.1
GoogleDoc Spreadsheet LanGrove Persistor
1,011 Downloads
langrove-plugin-mongodb 0.2.1
Intergates MongoDB support into LanGrove persistance layer.
2,981 Downloads
langrove-plugin-resque 0.3
Integrates Resque Workers and Jobs into LanGrove
2,936 Downloads
langrove-resque-plugin 0.0
Integrates Resque Workers and Jobs into LanGrove
1,079 Downloads
langscan 1.2
program analyzer for source code search engine
3,192 Downloads
lang-script 1.1.6
A module with methods for reading LANG Script .language files
327 Downloads
langtag 0.1.0
Support for IETF Language Tags (BCP 47, currently RFC 4646): Wellformedness check, read...
1,907 Downloads
language 0.6.0
Language is a support library for other langauge libraries. While some of it's contents...
8,240 Downloads
language-converter 1.0.0
Free Language converter. Very easy to use. This language translaor you can do language ...
9,821 Downloads
language_detection 0.0.2
Ruby bindings for Chromium Compact Language Detector
27,838 Downloads
language_detector 0.1.0
Ruby language detection library using n-gram model
2,261 Downloads
language_engine 0.0.6
Rails engine to support language change.
2,000 Downloads
language_filter 0.3.01
LanguageFilter is a Ruby gem to detect and optionally filter various categories of lang...
2,975 Downloads
language_list 1.1.0
A list of languages based upon ISO-639-1 and ISO-639-3 with functions to retrieve only ...
44,891 Downloads
language_mixer 0.0.1
LanguageMixer is a language anonymiser to allow users to disguise their native language
210 Downloads
languager 0.0.1
Translate string to given language by keyboard layout. Useful to auto convert user inpu...
1,215 Downloads
languages 1.1.3
Just the language names, details and colors from github-linguist
818 Downloads
language_select 0.0.2
Provides a simple helper to get an HTML select list of ISO-639-1 languages. The list o...
1,209 Downloads
language-select 1.1.1
Ruby gem to populate language select dropdown list
711 Downloads
language_select_list 0.0.2.1
Provides a HTML select list of languages. The list comes from ISO 639-1 standard.
644 Downloads
language_sniffer 1.0.2
Language detection
5,063 Downloads
language_switcher 0.1.0
This gem adds a few methods to switch between locales, and a helper to be used with...
3,193 Downloads
language_tool 0.0.1
A simple interface to LanguageTool
440 Downloads
language_tool-jars 0.0.1
A gem bundling all jars necessary to run languagetool
436 Downloads


text:
Apple Patent Reveals Gift-Giving Platform For NFC-Based iDevices 110
from the it's-on-me dept.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
It remains to be seen what actually comes from this, but it may address a central conundrum of ownership and copyright in the digital age. My feeling on the copyright issue is that if I have a book, I have one copy, but it is mine and I can give it or sell it or loan it to anyone I please. The key thing is that if I give my copy away then it is gone. I don't have it, and I can't give it to any more than one person at a time.
This satisfies the idea that the creator has control of the copy number (and hence meaning to the word copyright) and yet I have complete control over my copy including sharing it.
The problem is the digital age is how to transmit a copy to another person in such a way that I lose physical possession. You can think of a lot of complicated ways to do this. What is missing is a simple almost transparent and effortless way to do this. anything else either feels like a DRM trap or allows rampant distribution in violation of the creator's copyright.
If apple can solve this simplicity issue, then it bodes well for the industry and the consumer. Recall the pre 99 cent track days. by introducing that simple distillation it became less of a hassle to buy and share music across all your personal devices, for most people, this was simpler than hassling with trying to find it free somewhere.
I look forward to this to see if they implement it simply and equitably.
People will buy anything that's one to a customer.


text:
Things to see and do - Sachseln
Leaving for Liechtenstein
Where to sleep?
Sachseln Hotel tips
Kreuz Sachseln Hotel Restaurant from136 CHFBook
Hotel Belvoir from90 CHFBook
Jugendstilhotel Paxmontana from100 CHFBook
Top searches Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Sachseln Travel guide
Sachseln : Michelin's recommendations
The little market town of Sachseln is in a pretty spot at the edge of Lake Sarnen. Together with the holy ground of Ranft it is also a particularly moving pilgrimage destination; in coming to pray here to St Nicolas of Flüe, Swiss Catholics demonstrate both their faith and their patriotism.
Tourist attractions Sachseln : Things to see and do
Flüeliplatz 2 CH - 6073 Flüeli-Ranft
With a rapid descent, towards the bottom of the Melchaa Valley, you reach the chapel hermitage, a 17C sanctuary decorated with painted panels showing the life of the ascetic. Note the fine Gothic Christ from the old church of Sachseln. The neighbouri..
CH - 6072 Sachseln
The large Baroque building, supported by Melchtal black marble columsn, contains the relics of St Nicholas of Flue (15C) on a special altar at the entrance to the choir. This saint played a major role as a negotiator among the Confederates. His remai..
Hotels Sachseln
Kreuz Sachseln Hotel Restaurant
Bruder-Klausen-Weg 1 CH - 6072 Sachseln
20 km south of Lucerne, with the Sarner lake and mountains right before the door, this hotel charmingly combines a historic building with modern styling and up-to-date facilities. Elegantly furnished, spacious rooms and junior suites invite you t..
Jugendstilhotel Paxmontana
Dossen 1 CH - 6073 Flüeli
Built in 1896 in the Art Nouveau style, the historic Jugendstilhotel Paxmontana, standing on a hill in a beautiful location in the Canton of Obwalden, has won many awards. This jewel of architecture combines the atmosphere of the past with modern ..
Gasthaus Engel
Brünigstrasse 100 CH - 6072 Sachseln
Prix Prices from : 70 CHF
Located in the centre of Sachseln, 200 metres from Lake Sarnen and the train station, the family-run Gasthaus Engel features a Gault Millau-awarded restaurant serving Swiss and international cuisine. It also comes with a large wine cellar. The rooms..
Restaurants Sachseln
Bruder-Klausen-Weg 1 CH - 6072 Sachseln
Jugendstilhotel Paxmontana
Dossen 1 CH - 6073 Flüeli-Ranft
Gasthaus Engel
Brünigstr. 100 CH - Sachseln
Set in the centre of Sachseln village, this traditional restaurant, first established in 1756, promises a warm welcome from the Wey-Felders. She takes charge front of house, while he is in the kitchen preparing ambitious, regional cuisine heavily inf..


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|ISSN 1088-6826(online) ISSN 0002-9939(print)
Approximation from locally finite-dimensional
Abstract | References | Similar Articles | Additional Information
Abstract: After exploring some topological properties of locally finite-dimensional shift-invariant subspaces of , we show that if provides approximation order , then it provides the corresponding simultaneous approximation order. In the case is generated by a compactly supported function in , it is proved that provides approximation order in the -norm with if and only if the generator is a derivative of a compactly supported function that satisfies the Strang-Fix conditions.
Retrieve articles in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society with MSC (1991): 41A15, 41A25, 41A28, 41A63
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Customer Reviews for
45 or 46 Songs That Weren't Good Enough to Go on Our Other Records
Page 1 of 1
Posted October 1, 2010
Great for the NOFX Fan
Do NOT get this if you want to hear NOFX for the first time... you may be disappointed. Get Punk In Drublic, White Trash Two Heebs and a Bean, or Ribbed. This is for the long time fans of NOFX! Most of their old and rare stuff on two CDs for less than the price of one, plus one new song!! What a freakin' deal, yo!Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.
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text:
Alocasia Leaves Turning Yellow...I Need Help!!
Hi Everyone,
I've had an Alocasia for about a year now. It's been doing great but about a month or two ago I noticed some of its leaves turning yellow.
I thought that it was just the cycle of life and nothing was wrong. Recently, more leaves have been turning yellow and eventually dry up.
New leaves are coming out but I am concerned about the yellowing. Most of the tips of the leaves are yellow as well. Some of the leaves are also bending down and leaning towards the floor instead of standing upright (pics below). Why is this?
What am I doing wrong? What can I do to solve the problem. Please help. Thank you.
Pics below:
Yellow leaves:
Another angle of the yellow leaves:
Look how the leaves are hanging down (left side of plant):
Another angle of the drooping leaves (left side):
Right side of the plant (leaves look great and are standing):
I am no expert, but alocasias are not the easiest plants to take care of. They require quite moist conditions (air humidity). It also may be time to have a look at the roots, since the plant has grown quite big - it might need new soil and a bigger pot.
If it's only the old leaves, and the new leaves are good, then it's just the normal process of senescence. But make sure your soil isn't staying too wet. Some Alocasias like to stand in water, some will die in it. Yours are in the category of not liking it wet, they just need it damp.


text:
Come visit me, Mario Adler Memorial Celebration & Flitzer. Mario Celebration Page 276082.
Come visit me, Digger Sept 29, 1998 - June 11, 2005, KACEY & MIKEY'S WEDDING PAGE MARCH 3, 2012, MAY 9,2009 THE WEDDING OF SWEETPEPPER & KIDDO, MAXIMILLIAN AUG 25,1992-MARCH 14,2010 R.I.P., SWEETPEPPER LUVS KIDDO, TIEL TERRORS BASEBALL TEAM PRACTICE FIELD & KACEY LUVS HER MIKEY.
Come visit me, Scion- RIP our Buddy Bird - Jan. 29, 2015, Budgies, Kiwi & Button, Limon & Lima, Squeaky- Egg for Easter!, Picabo- Vote BooBoo - BOTM 162724 & Angel Alfie (RIP).
Come visit me, Paddy Cake & Piddy Girl, CORI reigning champ on feed the birdie & BOO BOO VOTE BOO BOO BOTM 162724.
Come visit me, Gus--Chi chi ♥ RIP & Chi chi RIP my sweet girl..
Come visit me, Buba, Pedro is now accepting hugs<<>> & kisses XXX, Ms BBs page. My True Love, Mr Sky, The Bird. Lets play BazBall !!!!!!, Charley Bird, Flitzer in the BC Castle for November, TPB&G. & The wedding page for all birds to get married at..
Come visit me, Baby/Vote10K /Chip257319/ & Oki,/Vote BOTM BooBoo162724/Mournin- g Gizmo.
Come visit me, INDIANA SAM SAYS THANK YOU!!.
Come visit me, ANGEL LOVES CORI & PEPPER LOVES ZIPPY.
Come visit me, Ziggy~Happy Easter & thanks aunt Mary Haines, Jenny Lynn~Happy St Patrick's Day my friends!!, Limon Dallas~Love my home & still see my old mom, The Raiders~Happy New Year from the team in 2014!!, Angel Christy~Happy Easter every birdie, Ms LaLo~Happy Easter dear friends... & Mr Flash~Summer at the McAviay.
Come visit me, Shaggy--2010-2013, Ipo, Sidney ~~ALWAYS IN MY HEART~~6/1996-2/2013, Oatie Odette *Thank you for the honor 11/27/13, Sophie O'Too, Pimer--Thanks you all, Jules, Punkin *My Dearest Little One--5/23/03 to 9/16/13* & Makana *I am honored as BOTD 10-17-14* Thank You.
Come visit me, Derby Farms, Chyna & Bailey ♥ RIP.
Come visit me, The Moocher Ducks,Thanks Everybirdie, Norman, St Francis Chapel, Say a prayer today, Phoenix Base Fliers:Home of the 2013 World Champs & Jude.
Come visit me, Gizmo, I miss you, sweet boy, Willie, Peppino, Divo & Falco.
Come visit me, Finnegan - Thanks for voting for me!, Daisy - R.I.P. - BOTW 9/17-9/23/07 & Miss Lucy Blue - Thank you all for your votes!.
Come visit me, PARKER, SILVER, APACHE MARRIED HIS LOVE SNOWFLAKE ON 09/20/14, OZ (MY MOMMY'S DREAM BIRD) & CHEYENNE MARRIED HER JEDI ON 09/20/14.
Come visit me, Raffi , PumBaa & Max say Happy Easter!.
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UI announces new wheat research endowment
The University of Idaho, the Idaho Wheat Commission and Limagrain Cereal Seeds have announced a new $2 million effort to boost wheat research at the university, including two faculty research endowments. The project will allow restoration of five research-related positions in Moscow, Aberdeen and Lewiston that had been cut or kept vacant during the recession and budget cuts, and will launch new research on breeding wheat varieties. "It is a great day, and what we're celebrating today we'll be harvesting for years and years to come," declared Gov. Butch Otter.
UI President Duane Nellis praised the Wheat Commission and Limagrain, and called the partnership "a great example of the relationship between the University of Idaho and the agricultural community here in the great state of Idaho." He said, "I believe this is a catalyst for other growers in our state and other agricultural leaders to step forward."
The agreement grew from talks generated by concerns over deep cuts in agricultural research and extension services as Idaho's universities weathered state budget cuts. "These past few years, we have seen severe cuts to our state universities' budgets," said Gordon Gallup, chairman of the Idaho Wheat Commission. "Although cuts were necessary to balance budgets, those reductions have caused an erosion of our ability to fund research that is necessary to keep agriculture healthy. Idaho's wheat growers are hopeful that the state of Idaho will continue to invest in agriculture. We encourage other agricultural related industries to join in this effort to keep our land grant university's research programs healthy and productive."
The Idaho Wheat Commission, which will take the money from its assessments on wheat growers - which may have to rise in the future, partly as a result - presented a check for $500,000 to the University of Idaho Foundation for the first payment toward the endowment, which will total $2 million; it goes to the UI's College of Agricultural and Life Sciences to support Idaho's 4,500 wheat growers, whose harvest totals $766 million a year.
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Caring Today, Growing for Tomorrow.
New Oakville Hospital
Construction of the new, state-of-the-art Oakville Hospital will be complete by August 2015 and open in December 2015. The 1.6 million square foot facility will replace the current Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, which will close on the same day in December 2015.
We take great pride in providing quality, compassionate healthcare services to our rapidly growing communities in Georgetown, Milton, and Oakville. As a progressive and vibrant healthcare organization, we are committed to being an innovative centre of excellence in community hospital care in the Halton Region.
As a progressive organization, we are constantly implementing new quality and safety initiatives to improve our patient's hospital experience. We also continually monitor our healthcare services in order to provide our communities with access to safe, quality care in a patient and family focused environment.
Infrastructure Ontario and HHS have selected Plenary Health as the preferred proponent to design, build, finance and maintain the Milton District Hospital expansion project. Consruction begins in Spring 2015
After 65 years of providing exemplary health care, the current Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital located on 327 Reynolds Street will close in December 2015, on the same day the new Oakville Hospital opens.
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Visiting is restricted to immediate family members only on the 3Centre/West rehabilitation units at Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital (OTMH). This restriction is due to an increase in acute gastrointestinal illness on the units. More Information
MILTON – Infrastructure Ontario (IO) and Halton Healthcare Services (HHS) have awarded a fixed price contract to Plenary Health to design, build, finance and maintain the Milton District Hospital expansion project. More Information
We are launching community consultations for Pathway 2020, our new five-year Strategic Plan. We want to get input from the members of the communities we serve. Please take the time to share your views on the future of healthcare by completing a short survey. Read More.
We are seeking patients, family members and caregivers who have received care at the hospital or one of its community service locations within the last two years, who are willing to share their experiences and perspectives to enhance patient care at our hospitals. Read On
Are you...passionate about volunteering and contributing to your community? Do you have Board experience or understand not for profit organizations and Boards? Excited to work and collaborate with others?... More info on how to apply.
In honour of Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital's 65th birthday and to also commemorate its closing in December 2015 when the new hospital opens, we would like you to share your memories of this hospital so that we may hold onto them forever! Sign Our Memory Book Now!.
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Cardio exercise is as necessary for overall health and fitness as anaerobic exercise is. When you do cardio, you get your heart rate going and increase blood circulation throughout your body. It is basically whole body exercise that, ideally, should make you breathe harder than usual, get your heart rate pumping, and help you work up a good sweat.
Cardiovascular exercise has the unique benefit of exercising your heart, which is the most critical muscle you have. if you increase your pulse rate and keep it there at a sustained rate for a period of time, you increase your overall fitness level. That's a good thing for your health.
One of the best ways to burn extra calories and reduce your weight is cardiovascular exercise. It'll also give you an overall "toning" for your entire body.
With cardiovascular exercise, calorie burning doesn't stop when you bring your exercising to a halt. It is a proven fact that metabolisms retain these high levels of activity for up to 18 hours after working out. And done over a long period of time, because you are toning and making your body more fit overall, it burns calories faster just as a matter of course. A bonus to becoming more muscular and losing fat is that your body will actually continue burning calories while you rest.
There are a lot of benefits of cardiovascular exercises. Another one is that it releases the so-called "feel-good" hormones called endorphins, your body's natural opiates; and they can also help ease depression.
Before you start, make a visit to your doctor and make sure you're okay for vigorous physical activity. If your doctor gives you a clean bill of health, go ahead; but, don't go full steam ahead. Start slowly by walking just 10 minutes at a moderate pace every day, the idea here is to get started and keep going.
You will notice improvement after approximately two weeks as your energy levels rise, your sleep improves and your junk food cravings lessen. Most of all, perhaps, you are going to notice that your mood is a lot more positive. That's great; keep going.
To ensure that you keep your fitness level up you will need to have to increase the challenges you undertake. If you are going to try a cardio program, there are another things you should have in mind. You will get better results as long as you are capable to change your lifestyle. What I mean is you will have to eat right, get enough sleep, drink enough water, etc.
Get the number one natural bodybuilding program , the Muscle Gain Truth No-Fail Method and achieve the best results in a few weeks. Visit us if you want to read more Fitness Articles


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4018 Hoagland Avenue
Fort Wayne, Indiana, 46807
Commute to Downtown Fort Wayne
Some errands can be accomplished on foot.
A few nearby public transportation options.
Flat as a pancake, some bike lanes.
Score Details
4018 Hoagland Avenue has a Walk Score of 60 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Fort Wayne. Nearby parks include Packard Park, Lafayette Park and Williams Park.
Nearby schools include Harrison Hill Elementary School, St John The Baptist School and South Side High School.
The closest grocery stores are Saigon Oriental Market, Calhoun Market and ZIN Asian Grocery store.
The closest coffee shop is Friendly Fox. Nearby restaurants include Subway, Mc Donald's and Nacho's Taqueria.
4018 Hoagland Avenue is near Packard Park, Lafayette Park and Lutheran Park.
There are some bike lanes and the terrain is flat as a pancake. 4018 Hoagland Avenue is bikeable, there is some bike infrastructure.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 4018 Hoagland Avenue.
4018 Hoagland Avenue has some transit which means a few nearby public transportation options.
Bus lines:
3 Village Woods
0.1 mi
5 Southeast Local
0.3 mi
8 Calhoun / Tillman Rd.
0.3 mi
View all Fort Wayne apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include pool, hardwood floor and fireplace. View all Fort Wayne apartments and rentals.
This location is in the city of Fort Wayne, IN. Fort Wayne has an average Walk Score of 28 and has 253,691 residents.


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Get latest storm updatesNovember 19th, 2014 at 8:29 am by Chris Woodard under 4 Warn Weather
For the latest storm updates from Don Paul and the rest of 4 Warn Weather please visit the WIVB.com homepage, download our free app, or bookmark our latest forecast page. All will be updated continuously throughout the storm.
You can also WATCH LIVE on our live streaming page.


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Attention Families! Scroll down to learn all about our upcoming agency events! Or take a look at our parent calendar.
It still isn't too late to come to Head Start this year! Many of our classrooms still have openings, even this late in the school year. We are also looking for preschool-age children, babies birth to three, or pregnant women interested in weekly educational home visits from our Home Based Programs.
Apply today! Or tell a friend!
Mark your calendars! Here is the next few FITT activity for our enrolled children and their families. Give us a call if you'd like to come!
Yes We Recycle!
Don't forget to recycle all your newspapers, ads, and catalogs, at Mt Chestnut's Paper Recycler!


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View artist Singles in Dodgertown
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The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) reported in its third quarter 2012 Foreclosure Prevention Report that the number of loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in serious delinquency (loans delinquent for 90 or more days) has dropped below 1 million for the first time since the summer of 2009. Loans delinquent by 60-plus days also declined; however,
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DANIELLE SULLIVAN is the Managing Editor of NYMetroParents,an essayist and fiction writer, and a big Dave Matthews fan. She lives with her husband and children in Brooklyn, New York. Visit her at www.Danielle-Sullivan.com.
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The departure of eight municipal employees in the coming weeks - from two police officers to a parks worker - means Manteca will just have $3.8 million left to cut in order to balance the budget for the fiscal year starting July 1.
LATHROP - A noontime structure fire Friday in Lathrop, with black smoke visible from the east side of Manteca, claimed the lives of two dogs and two cockatiels that had been left in the home while the owner was away.
Spring has sprung.
An earlier sexual battery not guilty plea was reduced to a "no contest" stipulation for simple battery against a female employee by former Manteca Bulletin Publisher Paul Mahony, 54, in the Manteca Branch of the San Joaquin County Superior Court Friday morning.
STOCKTON – Patty Reece has come a long way since she watched the first orchid ever given to her as a gift shrivel up and die right before her eyes.
Scenes from Wednesday's free puppet show at the Manteca Library that was made possible by the Friends of the Manteca Library.
In the not-too-distant future if the San Joaquin County Rail Commission is successful, sleek high speed Altamont Commuter Express trains will pull out of downtown Manteca on a 55-minute journey to San Jose.
Are you true to your school?
The banners that hang inside the gym at the Boys and Girls Club of Manteca tell a story of success that until recently had been a distant memory.
Nominations are being sought for the Manteca Hall of Fame's Class of 2009.
Manteca wasn't known for much of anything that would actually attract visitors 15 years ago.
It used to be the Bobson Cleaners, the long-running dry-cleaning business in Manteca next to the Bank of Stockton on North Main Street.
Scenes from Wednesday's St. Patrick Day celebrations in Manteca
Scenes from Wednesday's St. Anthony's Young Men's Institute corned beef and cabbage dinner.
It took less than a week for a jury to convict Michael Roessler in the murder of 51-year-old rural Manteca Michael Lawrence.
The Manteca Kindred Arts has been bringing top-notch musicians of national and international caliber to Manteca for nearly three decades. Perhaps less known is the fact the non-profit organization has been offering other entertainment options every year for the public's gastronomical pleasure, among other things.


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'It was time to use deadly force:' Officer describes taking down temple gunman
Officer took down a gunman who killed six people and ambushed an officer
By PoliceOne Staff
OAK CREEK, Wis. — The officer who took down a gunman who killed six people and ambushed an officer outside a Sikh temple in August has spoken for the first time about the incident.
Oak Creek Police Officer Sam Lenda discussed the dash cam video of the August incident during a news conference Monday.
Lenda praised the work of other officers involved in the response, and said he was just doing his job when he took down shooter Wade Page.
"Hero is heavy. I'm just an officer who did my job," Lenda told reporters.
He said the first thing he did when Page marched toward him was grab his assault rifle and give orders to drop the weapon.
"I saw the individual coming at me and it's just something that I had a sense that this was not right," Lenda said.
As Page continued to approach and began firing at him, Lenda said he took cover behind the door of the squad. Bullets landed just above Lenda's steering wheel and into his headrest.
After running through what he described as a "checklist" that was drilled in through years of training, Lenda returned fire.
"No other things would work," he said. "It wouldn't be advisable for me to use a taser or to try to OC this gentleman, it was time to use deadly force, which I was privileged to do at that time."
"We know that he was on a mission to cause havoc. He had to be stopped and that's why I decided to shoot at that time."
Lenda fired at Page six times, striking him one time and effectively ending the shootout. Page then shot himself fatally in the head.
Before Lenda arrived, Page had fired 15 rounds into Oak Creek officer Brian Murphy. Six people died when Page opened fire inside the temple.
"He was coming at me, and the way he was marching at me was in an aggressive manner."
Recommended Use of Force
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Join the discussion
'It was time to use deadly force:' Officer describes taking down temple gunman
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The Student Learning Resource Center (SLRC) will coordinate, offer resources, and provide academic support to students in various subject areas. Chestnut Hill College also offers specific content area Learning Centers in Math, Writing and Foreign Language.
Students may also seek tutoring in a specific subject area according to their needs.
Services Available at SLRC:
Director: Leslie Myers, M.Ed.
Saint Joseph Hall, Room 240
Telephone: 215.248.7013
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Chestnut Hill College celebrates its third annual Forgiveness Day by welcoming Shujaa Graham, board member of the Witness to Innocence Project, to speak on issues of racism, gang violence, the criminal justice system and his own life experiences.
CHC will host an Information Session about our Montessori Early Education Teacher Training programs on Sunday, April 12 at 1:00. The Program Director, faculty, and admissions staff will be there to explain the curriculum and entrance requirements. The Montessori certificate courses can be taken for graduate credit with a Master's Degree in Education or without the M.Ed. Applicants also may choose to earn the certificate through non-credit workshops. Register today or, if you have questions, contact Amy Boorse at email@example.com or 215.248.7097. Submit the one-page application form and the $55 fee will be waived!


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Geremy Robinson, a former basketball player in the pros and over-seas elaborates about his past, present and future. In our interview, Robinson talks about his basketball club he's founded called Open Court Basketball Club Hawaii and what he strives for.
Geremy Robinson
Open Court Basketball Club Hawaii
Official Website for Open Court
Facebook: faceboook.com/justinbaptiz
Twitter: twitter.com/baptizonnfl
Instagram: @BaptizOnNFL
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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Congratulations on having the perseverance to post for 1,000+ consecutive days! Good Luck on reaching your next goals!! Warren
Glad that you got it done. Welcome aboard. I have never been to Salem, will make it one of these days. Hang in there and keep those consecutive days going.
Congratulations on 1,000 consecutive days!
Congratulations on hitting 1000 consecutive days. Want to be Buddies?
Hey gas buddy, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your 1000 [such a lovely #] Cons. Days and just a few points early on your busting into the 1.1 mill. in points!! Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
Hey gas buddy, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your busting into the ONE MILLION CLUB in points, Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
Your response to the news article "Fatal crash was driver's error, not Toyota's, attorney tells jury" gave me a chuckle. Truth? I read a story somewhere about a father who learned with astonishment that his young offspring was being taught that a fact is a statement which may be true or may not be true. I am not sure what type of fact the story is.....
Hey gas buddy, let me give you A BIG CONGRATS on your 900 Cons. Days!! Keep up the good work. David...........QQ
I have been Dagon NG for sometime we have to get back to manufacturing. We can't all be doctors and attorneys and keep sending money out of the country for our consumer goods. We need money coming into the country. Thanks for noticing my consecutive days. So far I haven't missed a day since joining. You are doing pretty well yourself.
I agree with you about a service economy not sustaining the country. I thought your comment on the "McCain Vows Jones Act Will Be Repealed One Day" news post.