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I am very happy to see the Internet Research Ethics books in print – as well as freely available in a variety of digital formats. I am even more happy to have contributed to this excellent volume (if I may say so myself), which details some of the current challenges with regards to – you guessed [...]]]>
I am very happy to see the Internet Research Ethics books in print – as well as freely available in a variety of digital formats. I am even more happy to have contributed to this excellent volume (if I may say so myself), which details some of the current challenges with regards to – you guessed it – ethics that researchers interested in the Internet frequently have to deal with. In my chapter, I approach these issues based on my own experience with "big data"-type research, discussing methodological challenges in tandem with those of the ethical variety. To be a bit more specific, I argue for what could be labeled as a hashtag-based approach to data collection on Twitter. Briefly put, by focusing only on tweets that contain specific thematic keywords, we can be quite certain that the senders involved intended for their tweets to be visible in a certain context – of interest to researchers. Of course, while such an approach might be considered as ethically sound, it also means that any twitter activity of relevance not including the hashtag under study would not be included. This is of course problematic, especially in an international perspective, where ethical recommendations are often more relaxed – essentially meaning that researchers in many countries have broader opportunities for procuring full samples of social media traffic.]]>
… On a personal note, a big thank you to Charles Ess for allowing me to play a large part in the culling together of this issue. Also, thanks to Anders Fagerjord for putting together the nice article template. Hope you like the looks of the Journal as well!]]>
I was asked to review Nick Couldry's Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice for European Journal of Communication. Below you will find the pre-print version (also available at academia.edu and ResearchGate).
— — —
The broader field of media and communication studies incorporates a vast array of theoretical perspectives that have been and still are [...]]]>
I was asked to review Nick Couldry's Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice for European Journal of Communication. Below you will find the pre-print version (also available at academia.edu and ResearchGate).
— — —
The broader field of media and communication studies incorporates a vast array of theoretical perspectives that have been and still are applied to further our understanding of what the media are, how they function and what results (or even 'effects' – if there ever was a value-laden word within the field, this is it) our everyday interactions with and through media could be expected to have. Undergraduates are – or at least I was – brought up learning the early history of the field as an almost steady march from "All-powerful media", understood theoretically through metaphors of 'hypodermic needles' or magic bullets', to latter periods where such power was vested in the recipients of media content – power to the people, if you will. Theories like Uses and Gratifications, for example, suggested that the preferences and goal orientations of individual media consumers would lead them to specific media content, rather than consuming any content that came into their path (e.g. Blumler and Katz, 1974).
In his book Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice, Nick Couldry embarks and expands on a somewhat similar approach. Specifically, Couldry makes the case for what he labels as a 'practice approach' to media and communication studies. He notes that while the aforementioned Uses and Gratifications perspective largely focused on individual, personal uses of specific media content in specific media channels, these diverse media channels or outlets have today become interlocked to the point where the only suitable starting point for an endeavor such as this would be 'the media environment', not specific media considered in isolation from each other. Similarly, while individual use is still of the utmost relevance for Couldry, he suggests an approach more akin to a macro level rather than the micro variety often focused on in combination with the Uses and Gratifications approach. Essentially, then, the practice approach, or media practice theory, suggests a focus on questions like "what are people doing that is related to the media?" (Couldry, 2012:35). Couldry does an excellent job at contextualizing what could perhaps be understood as a re-conceptualization of audience studies by suggesting that practice theory be understood as socially oriented media theory – one of four overarching perspectives of media and communication research (the other four being the political economy of media, medium theory and textual analysis). These four are outlined in a helpful graph included at the beginning of the book, which provides a suitable point of entry into Couldry's thinking and suggestions about the larger areas of the field.
The suggested practice approach is arguably the key contribution of Couldry's ambitious and meticulously researched text. Throughout the book, the author draws extensively on scholarship from a series of different academic traditions – most notably sociology and media and communication studies – to build his case. The concept of media practice wishes to uncover the ways in which people integrate media into their everyday lives in almost tacit, implicit ways – in order to meet our many diverse human needs. For Couldry, the media are (almost) everywhere, a line of thought that – with some obvious variation – has been touched upon recently also by others (e.g. Deuze, 2012). However, Couldry also makes his case by providing a series of theories more applicable with regards to empirical research, thereby making the book an even more interesting read. Given the authors interest in the humdrum of everyday life in relation to media use, I was nevertheless somewhat surprised to find very little reference to the work of scholars related to the Birmingham school – such as Stuart Hall, Richard Hoggart or Raymond Williams. Given their interest in the role of media institutions within complex issues like these, their perspectives could have strengthened Couldry's case even further. Moreover, given my own personal research interests, I particularly enjoyed what I perceived as a tastefully critical stance from Couldry with regards to the consequences often thought to follow from whatever media format or channel is the 'newest' one at the present time. As one of many examples dealt with in the text, the author shows how despite much of the hype surrounding new opportunities for media consumption, the influence of television will most likely remain large for the foreseeable future, while the machine itself – the television – might converge beyond recognition.
While I agree that the practice approach championed in Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice seems like a suitable way forward for research into the uses of media, I would argue that the need for more technically informed research is also a clear and present one. This is in some way touched upon by Couldry in the aforementioned model he uses to contextualize his theorizing, but we might want to take the actions made available by new media – their affordances, if you will (e.g. Gibson, 1977; Leonardi, 2011) – into clearer account. While novel technologies often carry with them the potential to change user practices or even overarching structures of use or "produsage" (Bruns, 2008) in relation to the media, empirical research from a number of different contexts has proven that most uses are of the more traditional variety. With this in mind, while Couldry's admittedly elegant focus on the overarching level seems suitable, I worry that such an approach might miss out on some elusive detail that emerges in relation to whatever media format, service or platform is 'all the rage' this month. Such a more artifact-oriented view, detailing what is technically possible or not, is perhaps better understood as the topic of another book.
Blumler J.G. & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Bruns, Axel (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond. From Production to Produsage. Peter Lang.
Couldry, N. (2012). Media, Society, World: Social Theory and Digital Media Practice. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity.
Deuze, M. (2012). Media Life. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67–82). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Leonardi, P. M. (2011). When flexible routines meet flexible technologies: Affordance, constraint, and the imbrication of human and material agencies. MIS Quarterly, 35(1), 147–167]]>
I'm happy to report that the article "'Of course we are on Facebook': Use and non-use of social media among Swedish and Norwegian politicians" was apparently the most-read article from the European Journal of Communication during January 2015. The article, which I co-authored with Bente Kalsnes, deals with adoption and use rates of social media [...]]]>
I'm happy to report that the article "'Of course we are on Facebook': Use and non-use of social media among Swedish and Norwegian politicians" was apparently the most-read article from the European Journal of Communication during January 2015. The article, which I co-authored with Bente Kalsnes, deals with adoption and use rates of social media by Swedish and Norwegian politicians. The abstract is available below:
While plenty of research has provided important insights into the uses of the Internet by politicians during elections, a relatively scarce amount of work has looked into these uses outside of such parliamentary events. This article seeks to remedy this lack of research by presenting a study on the 'routine' uses of two of the currently most popular social media services – Facebook and Twitter. Focusing on politicians elected to the national parliaments of Norway and Sweden, the article employs novel methodologies for data collection and statistical analyses in order to provide an overarching, structural view of the day-to-day social media practices of Scandinavian politicians. Findings indicate that use levels are rather low for both services – the median amount of tweets sent and messages posted on Facebook is close to one per day. Further analyses reveal that the most active politicians could be labelled as 'underdogs', as they are more likely to be younger, in opposition and out of the political limelight.
By means of funding provided by my department, we've been able to make the paper available for everyone – also for those interested who might happen to reside outside of paywalls, the proprietors of which make Rupert Murdoch look like a socialist.]]>
The first of what I hope will be a series of publications dealing with various social media activities during the 2014 Swedish elections has been accepted for publication in Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. The paper, titled "Going Viral? Comparing Parties on Social Media During the 2014 Swedish Election", makes a case [...]]]>
The first of what I hope will be a series of publications dealing with various social media activities during the 2014 Swedish elections has been accepted for publication in Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. The paper, titled "Going Viral? Comparing Parties on Social Media During the 2014 Swedish Election", makes a case for comparing the oft-studied Twitter platform with the more seldom studied Facebook variety in this regard. You can find the accepted pre-print version on academia.edu or ResearchGate. Moreover, thanks to my department, the paper will be made available open access through the SAGE Choice program. The abstract is inserted below:
While research has provided useful insights into political party use of Twitter, comparably few efforts have focused on the arguably more popular Facebook service. This paper takes both platforms into account, detailing similar functionalities and providing analyses of the social media activities undertaken by Swedish political parties during the 2014 elections. Moreover, the types of feedback received by the parties on these platforms are gauged. Findings suggest that while sizeable parties are not necessarily the most ardent at using social media, they do receive the most attention. In essence, then, party size matters – however, the role of the right-wing populist Sweden Democrats is clearly felt throughout, suggesting the apparent prowess of controversial parties in the online context.
Employing such a comparative approach brings with it a series of challenges – how to present activities undertaken by the parties in a way that makes it easy (or at least relatively easy) to assess both services? Employing my previously discussed suggestions on how to compare Twitter and Facebook, I used the model previously suggested in a more empirical sense. Using the Tableau application, I graphed the types of feedback received by the parties in two graph, one for each service. As an example, the graph depicting Facebook activity is included below, together with an excerpt from the paper itself. The remainder of the analysis is of course available in the paper itself.
Figure Three. Average feedback received per post on Facebook. Horizontal axis indicates M of Comments/post; Vertical line indicates M of Shares/Post; Node size and label indicate M of Likes/Post.
The results presented in Figure Three suggest a linear tendency among the represented parties – meaning here that as the average statistic for the redistributive type of feedback for Facebook (shares) increase, so does also that same statistic for interactive feedback (comments). Given the sizes of the nodes and their corresponding labels, this tendency of increasing averages as we move diagonally from the downward left corner to the upward right can be discerned also here. Indeed, correlation analyses using Spearman's Rho proved correlations between all three involved variables to be significant (p =<.000 for all correlations) and comparably strong with Rho varying between .779 and .871 for all correlations. With this in mind, it would appear that while the Social Democrats – marked as 'S' in the Figure – only amassed the fourth highest amount of 'Facebook fans' on the service at hand (see Table One), these fans appear to have put in quite an effort to make the specified account visible. This seems especially true in terms of Shares (M = 547, Std. dev. = 442) and Likes (M = 6162, Std. dev. = 5128), where high standard deviations nevertheless suggest a considerable spread around the reported means. Similar claims appear as valid for the average number of comments received (M = 368, Std. dev = 323). Focusing on the content provided through the account, the most Liked (N of Likes = 28810) post offered by the Social Democrats is coincidentally also the most commented (N of Comments = 2361). This post, penned late election night, features party leader Stefan Löfven giving thanks to party supporters and staffers after the party had been declared victorious . The most shared content from the Social Democratic account is posted on August 27th – the very same day that advance voting possibilities opened for the upcoming election. Consequently, this post urges supporters to vote in advance and to share the post itself in order to spread the message about this possibility . This tendency of popularity of posts that encourage supporters to vote and to share this encouragement using the redistributive functionality of Facebook is visible also for other parties, such as the Conservatives (M) and the Environmental Party (Mp), although not for the other stand-out party as visible in Figure Three – the right-wing populist Sweden Democrats. Here, the most shared as well as the most commented post is offered on September 4th and features sneak premiere of an election commercial to be broadcast on Swedish commercial television the following day . Their most successful post in terms of Likes (N of Likes = 9648) was made available on August 20th and deals with the controversy started when the party wanted to place their admittedly polarizing political advertisements on Stockholm public transport buses .]]>
I have just returned home from a week spent in Zürich as a participant in the New Perspectives on Populist Political Communication workshop and launch event of the COST Early Stage Researchers Think Tank, neatly organized by Sven Engesser and Nayla Fawzi. This was a chance for me to relate more clearly to a topic I've been approaching [...]]]>
I have just returned home from a week spent in Zürich as a participant in the New Perspectives on Populist Political Communication workshop and launch event of the COST Early Stage Researchers Think Tank, neatly organized by Sven Engesser and Nayla Fawzi. This was a chance for me to relate more clearly to a topic I've been approaching over the last couple of years. In my more general studies of political actors online, the results almost always indicated a stand-out role in some regard for actors that could, by the rationale of your choice, be singled out as populist. Consider, for example, the role of the Norwegian Progress Party during the 2013 elections, or the enormous online popularity enjoyed by the Sweden Democrats. As such, the Zürich meeting gave me a chance to re-focus some of my empirical material to focus more specifically on these types of actors – an enjoyable exercise indeed. These were productive and enjoyable days, and I hope that the group convened in Zürich will have the opportunity to meet again.]]>
Recently accepted for publication in European Journal of Communication, "Birds Of A Feather Flock Together? Party Leaders On Twitter During The 2013 Norwegian Elections" will probably be my last research contribution delving into the 2013 Norwegian elections. But then again, a couple of ideas are brewing in the back of my head, so you never [...]]]>
Recently accepted for publication in European Journal of Communication, "Birds Of A Feather Flock Together? Party Leaders On Twitter During The 2013 Norwegian Elections" will probably be my last research contribution delving into the 2013 Norwegian elections. But then again, a couple of ideas are brewing in the back of my head, so you never know. Anyway, the paper at hand, co-authored with the illustrious Øyvind Ihlen, studies the Twitter use Norwegian party leaders during said election. While previous research has largely found Twitter to be somewhat of an 'elite medium', our findings suggest changes in this regard. Indeed, the party leaders make use of Twitter's @reply functionality to higher degrees than would have been expected from previous scholarship. Nevertheless, this type of communicative behaviour is mostly undertaken in unique clusters of users featuring little overlap. As we suggest towards the end of the paper,
In one sense then, it could be argued that the findings strengthen the idea of the existence of echo chambers, of actors seeking together to have their views reinforced with the assistance of like-minded actors. The researched party leaders have their own clusters of users they choose to communicate with, including some citizens. Thus, Twitter probably functions to maintain good relationships with, literarily, followers. As, pointed out by Davis (2010), online politics of this type may encourage a trend where "tightly linked, cross-referencing and self-regarding" networks alienate others (p. 113). Viewed differently, however, the Twitter exchanges could also be seen as serving as inter-group honing of political arguments before taking part in the wider political discussion. Twitter is, after all, just one of several public spheres where politics is discussed.
Thanks to my department, the paper will be made available open access through the SAGE Choice program. Until then, the preprint version can be accessed at academia.edu or ResearchGate.]]>
The graph (please click it to enlarge it) consist of a series of nodes, each representing an account. The larger the node, and the label identifying it, the more that particular user was retweeted. The darker red the color of the node, the more active that particular user had been at sending retweets. Moreover, using Gephi's Force Atlas algorithm, the graph has been delimited to show only the top users in these ways. As such, many of the nodes (accounts) that contributed to the sizes of the other nodes have been omitted so as to only focus on those highly active users. The table below identifies some of the very top users in terms of receiving retweets for #val2014, and compares this distribution with that of the #val2010 hashtag. The latter of these two election hashtag was studied in this paper (pdf).
Top Retweeted
Top Retweeted
|Pirate Party
|Social democratic party
|Liberal debater, PR consultant
|PSB election feature
|Anonymous, Immigration critic
|Politician, Pirate party
|Politician, Pirate party
|Pirate Party
The table shows how the dominance of journalists and Pirate party associates in 2010 appears to have been broken for the period leading up to the 2014 elections. Indeed, while the Pirate party account is featured also among the 2014 roster of high-end users, and while two journalists did indeed make their mark in this regard (niklassvensson and Pihlblad), the distribution for 2014 appears as more varied than for 2010. Much like for top @reply receivers discussed previously, we see media organizations (such as Expressen), rather than a multitude of journalists, emerge as successful in gaining retweets. Moreover, the presence of a well-known comedian – ozznujen – reflects another tendency identified by similar research, where celebrities gain leverage in online political discussions (see Larsson and Moe, forthcoming). Finally, two anonymous users succeeded in getting their tweets redistributed to high degrees in 2014. The person or persons behind the MXCartoons account provide a statement basically saying that the tweets will feature "common sense over political correctness", which is instated by largely discussing and criticizing Swedish immigration policy. Perhaps more interestingly, the influence of the user jonssonjessica appears to have emanated from one tweet only. As in the case of the 2013 norwegian election, one such well-formulated and likewise timed tweet can gain attention – if ever briefly. Much like for the Norwegian case, this particular tweet was sent on election night – lamenting the fact that the incumbent liberal-conservative government appeared to have lost the popular vote. As such, while the comparably large node representing jonssonjessica might suggest an influential user, the placement of the node, relatively isolated from the others, suggest that this was largely a 'one-off'.]]>
|Type of tweet
|60 088 (60.2)
|89 747 (36.5)
|+ 29 659
|32 780 (32.8)
|146 487 (59.6)
|+ 113 707
|6 964 (7)
|9 411 (3.8)
|- 2 447
|99 832 (100)
|245 645 (100)
|+ 145 813
Looking first at the row providing the "TOTAL" amounts of tweets for both elections, we can see that the traffic more than doubled in 2014 when compared to 2010 – from 99 832 tweets during the month leading up to the former election to 245 645 tweets during the same time period four years later. This growth was perhaps to be expected, given the overall increase of media coverage devoted to Twitter, as well as the more modest increase – but still an increase – in actual Twitter use. A change that was less expected was the shift regarding the most common form of tweets sent. In 2010, just over sixty per cent of tweets were undirected – tweets sent without any intended recipient. In 2014, retweets – redistributed messages originally sent by some other user – make up for about the same percentage level, effectively becoming the most common type of tweet sent. For @replies, signalling discussions on the platform at hand, we see an increase in numbers of such messages sent from the 2010 to the 2014 period. Looking at percentages, however, these numbers indicate a distribution diminished by almost half, decreasing from seven per cent in 2010 to just under four per cent in 2014.
So what does this all mean? One initial, tentative interpretation goes as follows. The dominance of undirected messages during the 2010 election period would seem to indicate a 'megaphone'-like application of the service at hand. In other words, Twitter was here used primarily in order to 'get the message out' rather than for interaction or dialogue. The prevalence of retweets in the 2014 sample suggests that such practices might have changed. Perhaps due to the increased use levels of social media by political actors – a tendency which is sometimes discussed in relation to the overarching idea of political professionalization processess – the results presented above could be an indicator that such actors (and those similar to them) are successful in assessing the viral qualities of the platform. Plenty of retweets means plenty of spread for your message. Indeed, the patterns discussed here do not reveal which users enjoyed the most retweets. Initial data analysis regarding is coming up in a couple of days.]]>
Broadcasting, redistributive, interactive and acknowledging functionalities of Twitter and Facebook
While Twitter and Facebook are often seen as similar in terms of their usage, they are distinctly different in terms of their respective technical infrastructures, service appearance and terminology (boyd and Ellison, 2008). Nevertheless, the argument is made here that the end user of both services are faced with a series of options for usage that are somewhat similar in that they offer comparable modes of communication. The four modes – Broadcasting, Redistributing, Interacting and Acknowledging – and their distinctive counterpart on each platform is presented in the figure above.
First, the very basic notion of Broadcasting entails the act of simply sending a message to a network of followers on either service. While social media uses are sometimes suggested to have moved beyond such largely one-way practices (Honeycutt and Herring, 2009), the Broadcasting variety of social media activity is still very much common at the hands of politicians up for election.
Second, much as Twitter users can employ the retweet functionality to Redistribute a tweet sent by some other user, so can a Facebook user choose to share posts made by others – such as political parties. Indeed, the potential spread of the redistributed message is dependent on a multitude of factors – individual user security settings, platform characteristics, previous choices made et c. (Bucher, 2012). Nevertheless, from the perspective of those actors whose messages are being redistributed in retweets or shares, this type of feedback is very attractive. It allows for their dispatches to potentially spread beyond their own networks, reaching the attractive status of 'gone viral' (Klinger and Svensson, 2014).
Third, while Interaction has been pointed to as the defining character of the Internet, uptake of such practices among politicians and parties has been mostly slow and hesitant (Stromer-Galley, 2000, 2014), indicative of the risk of exposure and embarrassment taken when interacting as a politician (Marcinkowski and Metag, 2014). Be that as it may, the functionalities for contacting and commenting are by now a commonplace feature on each platform. For Twitter, the practice of mentioning another user by including their user name somewhere in the body of a tweet signals interaction, perhaps especially so when that mention comes in the form of an @reply, where the user addressed is mentioned at the beginning of the tweet (Twitter, 2014). Morover, both platforms offer more private settings for interaction in the form of Twitter's Direct Messages and the Chat functionality available on Facebook. These are shown in parentheses in the figure so as to indicate their less than public nature. While citizens might not choose to engage in discussion with political actors in these ways, leaving room instead for the established "Twitterati" (Bruns and Highfield, 2013), gaining comments and @replies can be seen as indicative of having an interesting (or controversial, or both) message to convey – a message yielding reactions in terms of attempted interaction initiated by social media users.
Finally, while Acknowledging features like favorite marking a tweet or liking a Facebook post are perhaps best described along the lines of "clicktivism" (Karpf, 2010) or "slacktivism" (Morozov, 2011), the exact role of these measurements in deciding the influence of a specific user or post on either studied platform remains somewhat unclear. While the sharing or retweeting of posts and tweets are arguably more important for the coveted viral effects to occur (Socialbakers, 2013), the tracking of likes and favorites are nevertheless of interest for our current purposes as they allow us to track the different ways that Twitter and Facebook is employed in the current setting.
In closing, while the procedural definitions of the terms associated with each service might be clear, the current model cannot make any inroads with regards to what these practices entail to each specific user. For example, a retweet might indicate an expression of support for one user, while others may have ascribed different or even fluctuating meaning to this or any of the other practices discussed above (Driscoll and Walker, 2014; Lomborg and Bechmann, 2014). As such, the aggregated view championed here might not be able to delve into these intricacies. Arguably, the approach employed is nevertheless useful, as it provides an overview of actions taken and attention given – whatever form or connotation that attention might take among those giving it.
boyd, d. m., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.
Bruns, A., & Highfield, T. (2013). Political Networks Ontwitter. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 667-691.
Bucher, T. (2012). Want to be on the top? Algorithmic power and the threat of invisibility on Facebook. New Media & Society, 14(7), 1164-1180.
Driscoll, K., & Walker, S. (2014). Working Within a Black Box: Transparency in the Collection and Production of Big Twitter Data. International Journal of Communication, 8, 1745–1764.
Honeycutt, C., & Herring, S. C. (2009). Beyond Microblogging: Conversation and Collaboration via Twitter. Paper presented at the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, Big Island, Hawaii.
Karpf, D. (2010). Online political mobilization from the advocacy group's perspective: Looking beyond clicktivism. Policy & Internet, 2(4), 7-41.
Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2014). The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach. New Media & Society.
Lomborg, S., & Bechmann, A. (2014). Using APIs for Data Collection on Social Media. The Information Society, 30(4), 256-265.
Marcinkowski, F., & Metag, J. (2014). Why Do Candidates Use Online Media in Constituency Campaigning? An Application of the Theory of Planned behavior. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 11(2), 151-168.
Morozov, E. (2011). The net delusion : the dark side of internet freedom. New York: Public Affairs.
Socialbakers. (2013). Understanding & Increasing Facebook EdgeRank Retrieved August 15th, 2014, from http://www.socialbakers.com/blog/1304-understanding-increasing-facebook-edgerank
Stromer-Galley, J. (2000). On-line interaction and why candidates avoid it. Journal of Communication, 50(4), 111-132.
Stromer-Galley, J. (2014). Presidential campaigning in the Internet age. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Twitter. (2014). What are @replies and mentions? Retrieved August 24, 2014, from https://support.twitter.com/articles/14023]]>


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- MODEL - Agent -looking for models, actresses, needed for fashion spring collection Lombard 630-814-9999 Chicago Ask for Michelle (id:4401600) TEACHER PRESCHOOL - Small, independent Preschool in Rolling Meadows, IL offering full and part day programs, looking for a full time 3-4 yr. old teacher. Must be teacher qualified. Familiar with all State and NAEYC accreditation standards. Full time year around position. Top salary and benefits based on qualifications. Call Sara at 847-991-7900 or email@example.com (id:4400186) ACCOUNTING/ADMIN CLERK - Acctg/Admin Clerk -Arl Hts Co seeks team player for A/R, A/P, inv, phone/admin functions. 5 hrs/day. Good salary. Email resume & salary history to firstname.lastname@example.com (id:4401881)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Case Conclusion Date:January 1, 2010
Practice Area:Constitutional
Outcome:Parole revocation reversed, client released from prison.
Description:Before I was in case, client was returned to prison on parole violation, held over a year without hearing. Got judge to order hearing. Prison found him not guilty of 8 charges, guilty of 1. Judge reversed the one finding of guilty on two different legal grounds, ordered that he be immediately released from prison.


text:
Dr. Scott Saffold along with ENT Practitioner Alexis Britton, PA-C, ENT Pracititioner Michael Malone, PA-C, and the staff at Chesapeake Bay ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) provide state-of-the-art medical care in the field of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery.
We, at Chesapeake Bay ENT, have designed this website to be a resource to our patients, referring physicians and to the community we serve. We invite you to explore our website to learn more about the services that we offer.
Request an appointment by selecting the location nearest you:
Belle Haven | Virginia Beach | Franklin
To schedule an appointment, please call one of our offices:


text:
Steve Cohen Is $1.4 Billion Away From Having That Family Office He Always Wanted
Hedge-fund group SAC Capital Advisors LP and federal prosecutors have agreed in principle on a penalty exceeding $1 billion in a potential criminal settlement that would be the largest ever for an insider-trading case, according to people familiar with the matter. The payment by SAC, run by star manager Steven A. Cohen, is expected to […]
SAC Capital Mulling Over The Idea Of Pleading Guilty To Federal Charges
After months of fighting the government's insider trading case tooth and nail, the hedge fund SAC Capital Advisors is leaning toward admitting criminal wrongdoing and agreeing to pay a record financial penalty to resolve the charges, according to two people briefed on the deliberations…In agreeing to have SAC plead guilty and pay the hefty fine, […]
Someone At SAC May Have Been Dabbling In Insider-Trading As Recently As December
It seems that as prosecutors and the Securities and Exchange Commission were circling, someone drawn to the "veritable magnet for market cheaters" was hot for some edge, black or otherwise, about Apple iPhone sales.
Going To Prison The Best Thing That Ever Happened To Joe Nacchio's Waistline, Acting Career
Got a prison sentence coming your way? Excited about the prospect of sleeping in bunk beds again but nervous about just about everything else? If your experience proves to be anything like that of former CEO Qwest CEO Joseph Nacchio, fret not: you're actually in for a pretty good time.
Guy Who Had Two Ladies Doing His Insider Trading Bidding At The Same Time Was This Close To Nabbing A Third
Remember Thomas Ammann (pictured at right)? For those who need a refresher, he was an investment banker who met a woman (Jessica Mang, center) at a London nightclub in 2009, started seeing her "at least once a week," on days he wasn't with his other girlfriend (Christina Weckworth, left), and then, when Mang asked to […]
"In an effort to boost morale, Mr. Cohen arranged in July for a local "Super Duper Weenie" hot-dog truck to swing by SAC's office and dispense free food. — WSJ, September 24, 2013 *************************************************************** July 23, 2013 The place: SAC Capital Headquarters. The time: middle of the trading day. The mood: Not great. An IM […]
SAC Trial Pushed Back To January So Lawyer Involved In Two Cases Doesn't Have To Start Each Day's Proceedings Hunched Over Making The "1 Minute Sign" As He Tries To Catch His Breath
A federal judge on Tuesday pushed back the insider trading trial of former SAC Capital Advisors portfolio manager Mathew Martoma to January 6. U.S. District Judge Paul Gardephe delayed the trial, originally scheduled for November 4, at the request of Martoma's lawyer, Richard Strassberg, who is taking part in another trial starting this week…Strassberg, Martoma's […]
Steve Cohen Has Had Some Time To Think It Over, Would Now Like To Offer The Government A Check For $1 Billion
On stop of the $660 million he shelled out several months back, natch.
SEC Charges Rajaratnam Insider Trading Corp's Assistant Regional Manager
A former Akamai Technologies Inc official agreed to pay over $145,000, and be banned from serving as a public company officer or director, to settle civil charges he provided illegal tips that were funneled to Raj Rajaratnam, the hedge fund manager imprisoned for insider trading. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission said Kieran Taylor, a […]
Raj Rajaratnam Is Having The Time Of His Life On The Inside
If you took a random poll of family, friends, colleagues, and strangers on the street, asking them how they'd feel about going to prison, the majority if not all of them would probably say, "Not good." For most people, prison is a place to steer clear of, for all the reasons you can think of […]
Mathew Martoma More Or Less Asked Every Doctor That Crossed His Path For Material Non-Public Information
Back in November, we learned that former SAC Capital employee Mathew Martoma had cultivated a relationship with University of Michigan doctor Sid Gilman, from whom Martoma received material non-public information about clinical drug trial results, which contributed to him being accused of orchestrating "the most lucrative insider-trading scheme ever." Over the course of the next […]
Mathew Martoma Apparently Had A Lot Of Dr. Friends Willing To Take It Fast And Loose With The Words "Confidential Drug Trial Results, Do No Distribute"
U.S. prosecutors on Thursday filed a superseding indictment in the insider trading case against a former portfolio manager at an affiliate of Steven A. Cohen's hedge fund SAC Capital Advisors, according to court papers. The superseding indictment describes a second doctor who allegedly passed inside information to the former portfolio manager, Mathew Martoma, who was […]
One Hell Of A Week May Cost Husband-And-Wife 30 Years
This is the kind of frenetic talent that a certain hedge fund might have snapped up if time had allowed.
If There's One Thing Preet Bharara Hates More Than Steve Cohen, It's Complex Carbohydrates
What does one eat to get pumped up for a day of putting away gang members and bringing charges against (alleged!) financial dens of iniquity? Raw animal flesh or, if none can be procured, a granola bar that contains only 3g net carbs.
Insider-Trading Still Illegal For Congressional Aides, But Impossible To Prove
There's a fun new meta-debate over insider-trading, beyond the not-so-simple question of what is and isn't.
SAC Capital Employees Might Not Work At The Hottest Hedge Fund In The World Right Now But They Did Interview At A Holiday Inn Express Last Night
It remains to be seen whether SAC will become a less important client on Wall Street over the longer term. The fund's assets under management are dropping as investors have asked to withdraw money amid the intensifying investigation. Over the last six months, many investors have cut ties with SAC, with roughly $5 billion of […]
Even When He Wasn't Engaging In Securities Fraud, Admitted Insider Trader Richard Lee Found Ways To Get His Jollies On
Richard Lee, the ex-SAC Capital trader who pleaded guilty to insider trading last week, was fired from a rival hedge fund over a bonus-boosting scheme that was uncovered his first day in a new job, The Post has learned. Lee was ousted from Ken Griffin's $15 billion Citadel Investment Group in 2008 for fiddling with […]
Sell-Side Analyst Who Passed Inside Information To SAC Employee, Who In Turn Traded On It On The Firm's Behalf (Without Steve Cohen's Knowledge Or Approbation*) Is Arrested
Richard Lee, of the SAC Capital Lees, had a "senior internet research analyst" friend named Sandeep Aggarwal (illustrated at left), who had an unnamed friend working at Microsoft, who had material non-public information re: "a Microsoft-Yahoo partnership agreement…likely to be announced in the next two weeks." See if you can guess what happened next.
SAC Capital Is One False Move Away From Needing Signed Hall Passes From Preet Bharara To Use The Bathroom
They can trade without his permission for now but one slip up– just one!– and it'll be "Please Mr. Bharara, can I please buy shares of [company that will make a major announcement in the morning]," "Oh thank Mr. Bharara, good day Mr. Bharara."
Push To Make Insider Trading Legal Comes A Bit Too Late For SAC Capital
Yesterday SAC was indicted for insider trading, more or less, so today people are fighting on the internet about whether insider trading should really be illegal. You know what I think, more or less, but really I just think that's sort of an unhelpful way to put it. Here is a rough stylized chart of […]
'Not Guilty' SAC Capital Would Love To Get In A Room With The Motormouth Felons They Used To Call Colleagues And Friends
Steven Cohen's hedge fund, SAC Capital Advisors, pleaded not guilty to insider trading charges in federal court on Friday. The firm's general counsel, Peter Nussbaum, flanked by five high-powered defense lawyers, entered the plea before U.S. District Judge Laura Taylor Swain in New York. U.S. prosecutors unsealed an indictment against the firm on Thursday, charging […]
WSJ: Here's What Someone Who Has Absolutely No Connection To SAC Other Than The Fact That Her Dog Shits On Their Lawn Has To Say
STAMFORD, Conn.– As federal prosecutors filed criminal charges against SAC Capital, it appeared to be business as usual outside the firm's headquarters at a suburban office park about an hour northeast of New York City by train…Grace DeVito and her daughter Gaea were walking their dog Ivy and Maggie, a four-month-old German shepherd past SAC, […]
SAC's Rigorous Compliance Program Focused On Coming Up With Euphemisms For Insider Trading
One hopes "black edge" wasn't on the list. Anyway today's indictment against SAC, for wire fraud and securities fraud, is a hoot: For example, on or about July 29, 2009, a recently hired SAC PM (the "New PM") sent an instant message to [Steve Cohen] and relayed that, due to some "recent research," the New […]
Steve Cohen Got Nonpublic Information All Day Long, Didn't Think It Was A Big Deal
It would take a stronger man than me to resist making fun of the SAC Capital white paper responding to the charges against Steve Cohen, as you can tell from the post I wrote before I read it. But now that that's out of our system I suppose we ought to actually talk about it? […]
Steve Cohen Was Serious About Stopping Insider Trading Unless It Occurred In The 89% Of Emails He Didn't Read
Surely the most hilarious possible defense to charges that Steve Cohen "failed to supervise" his traders is that he couldn't have failed to supervise his traders because he was too busy ignoring everything they said and did. So what a delight to learn that SAC has chosen exactly that defense:
Sources: Steve Cohen Wasn't Completely Enamored With Attempts To Ban Him From Managing Client Money For Life
The SEC's tack angered the SAC chief, the people close to the firm said. The billionaire hedge-fund manager has been discussing plans to move forward with his business, even as the government has stepped up its scrutiny…Even so, Mr. Cohen has said privately that he believes he can raise new money from wealthy individuals, the […]
Steve Cohen Had Instant Messenger Debates About Whether His Analysts Were Insider Trading
The thing is that when you run a hedge fund and "At least nine current or former … employees have been linked to insider trading while working at the firm, including four who have pleaded guilty to crimes," the SEC really ought to charge you with "fail[ing] reasonably to supervise" your employees, no? At least? […]


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Ibrahim Al-Marashi: President Hosni Mubarak was not a leader with the inherent charisma to galvanise the population. It is a problem that faces the entire region.
Progressive Media Advocates
Carole Bartolotto: The problem with concluding that GMOs are safe is that the argument for their safety rests solely on animal studies. These studies are offered as evidence that the debate over GMOs is over. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Steve Hochstadt: The Republicans in Congress, virtually all of whom publically deny that climate change is occurring, have just proposed a budget which cuts or reverses all the programs which might reduce the pace of warming.
Joe Mathews: Thanks to Xi Jinping, Chinese millionaires have propped up the state's sagging real estate market, universities, and companies.


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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|November 2, 2012 11:39 AM EDT
VIENNA, Va., Nov. 2, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- MicroTech's Founder, President, and CEO, Tony Jimenez, was awarded "Executive of the Year" at the 10th Annual Greater Washington Government Contractor Awards Gala, more commonly referred to as the GovCon Awards. Presented by the Fairfax County Chamber of Commerce, Professional Services Council (PSC), and Washington Technology, the event celebrated successful Washington DC government contractors.
The "GovCon" is considered the "Oscars" of the government contracting industry and are awarded in three categories based on gross revenue. The Executive of the Year award specifically recognizes government contracting executives in the Washington-area for their outstanding contributions to their company, community, and industry.
"GovCon is one of the most prestigious awards in the industry and it is a tremendous honor to be named 'Executive of the Year,'" said Jimenez. "It's been 8 years since I started MicroTech and every day I am thankful to be able to run a business that I love and to have such a great team."
Jimenez is a three time GovCon "Executive of the Year" Finalist. MicroTech was also recognized as a "Contractor of the Year" Finalist in previous years.
MicroTech provides Technology Services, Network Systems Integration, Product Solutions, Cloud Computing, Unified Communications & Collaboration, Cyber Security, Mobility, and Social Media Solutions as well as leadership/management skills courses, business simulations and vital industry certifications as part of MicroTech University to commercial enterprises, along with the public sector — managing more than half-a-million technology users daily. A prime contractor of over 100 Federal projects and more-than-25 procurement vehicles, MicroTech offers access to 2500 vendors and a million technology products and services across the government. Outside Quote
"The Fairfax Chamber is proud to recognize Tony and all the other Greater Washington Government Contractor Awards(TM) winners and honorees for their above-and-beyond contributions to the government contracting industry, employees and our community," said Fairfax Chamber President & CEO Jim Corcoran. "Tony is an exceptional leader in our business community and is truly deserving of this award."
Jimenez has also recently been named "Most Innovative Entrepreneur" by Goldman Sachs, "Small Business Person of the Year" by the Small Business Council of America (SBCA), and he was also inducted into the Inc. 500 Hall of Fame for MicroTech's fifth consecutive appearance on the Inc. 500 fastest growing private companies list.
Fairfax Chamber of Commerce Press Release
Washington Technology GovCon Award Winner Announcement
About MicroTech
MicroTech is a certified and verified Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Business (SDVOB) and National Minority Supplier Development Council (NMSDC) certified supplier delivering robust process-driven performance for mission success. MicroTech applies its regimented process, enterprise IT experience, and state-of-the-art engineering solutions to integrate different technologies and create proven results that can respond to your strategic needs. MicroTech is a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner, EMC Velocity Partner, Cisco Gold Partner, CA Federal Solution Provider Gold Partner, HP Public Sector Federal Specialist Partner, Dell Certified Partner, Symantec Managed Services Partner, VMware Enterprise Partner, Autonomy Value Added Partner, Adobe Solutions Partner, Citrix Silver Solution Advisor, Oracle Silver Partner, and IBM Business Partner. MicroTech is an Inc. 500 Hall of Fame member, a Top 5 Fastest-Growing Hispanic-Owned Business (2009-2012), a 2011 Red Herring Global Top 100 Technology Innovator, a Deloitte 2011 Tech Fast 500 business, and the No. 1 Fastest Growing Private Communications / Networking Company in the Washington DC Metro area. ISO 20000 and ISO 9001:2008 certified, CMMI Maturity Level 3 rated, and ITIL management qualified, MicroTech is headquartered just outside the Nation's Capital in Tysons Corner, Virginia, with key offices throughout the U.S.
Media Contact
Whitney Hiscock
Director, Marketing & Events
[email protected]
SOURCE MicroTech
SYS-CON Events announced today that robomq.io will exhibit at SYS-CON's @ThingsExpo, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. robomq.io is an interoperable and composable platform that connects any device to any application. It helps systems integrators and the solution providers build new and innovative products and service for industries requiring monitoring or intelligence from devices and sensors.
Apr. 1, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,655
The 17th International Cloud Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. 17th International Cloud Expo, to be held November 3-5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, brings together Cloud Computing, APM, APIs, Microservices, Security, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding business opportunity. Submit your speaking proposal today!
Apr. 1, 2015 05:15 PM EDT Reads: 689
SYS-CON Events announced today that Litmus Automation will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Litmus Automation's vision is to provide a solution for companies that are in a rush to embrace the disruptive Internet of Things technology and leverage it for real business challenges. Litmus Automation simplifies the complexity of connected devices applications with Loop, a secure and scalable cloud platform.
Apr. 1, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 836
While not quite mainstream yet, WebRTC is starting to gain ground with Carriers, Enterprises and Independent Software Vendors (ISV's) alike. WebRTC makes it easy for developers to add audio and video communications into their applications by using Web browsers as their platform. But like any market, every customer engagement has unique requirements, as well as constraints. And of course, one size does not fit all. In her session at WebRTC Summit, Dr. Natasha Tamaskar, Vice President, Head of Cloud and Mobile Strategy at GENBAND, will explore what is needed to take a real time communications ...
Apr. 1, 2015 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 762
As Marc Andreessen says software is eating the world. Everything is rapidly moving toward being software-defined – from our phones and cars through our washing machines to the datacenter. However, there are larger challenges when implementing software defined on a larger scale - when building software defined infrastructure. In his session at 16th Cloud Expo, Boyan Ivanov, CEO of StorPool, will provide some practical insights on what, how and why when implementing "software-defined" in the datacenter.
Apr. 1, 2015 03:45 PM EDT Reads: 709
SYS-CON Events announced today that Solgenia will exhibit at SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY, and the 17th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on November 3–5, 2015, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Solgenia is the global market leader in Cloud Collaboration and Cloud Infrastructure software solutions. Designed to "Bridge the Gap" between Personal and Professional Social, Mobile and Cloud user experiences, our solutions help large and medium-sized organizations dr...
Apr. 1, 2015 03:00 PM EDT Reads: 3,129
Internet of Things (IoT) will be a hybrid ecosystem of diverse devices and sensors collaborating with operational and enterprise systems to create the next big application. In their session at @ThingsExpo, Bramh Gupta, founder and CEO of robomq.io, and Fred Yatzeck, principal architect leading product development at robomq.io, will discuss how choosing the right middleware and integration strategy from the get-go will enable IoT solution developers to adapt and grow with the industry, while at the same time reduce Time to Market (TTM) by using plug and play capabilities offered by a robust I...
Apr. 1, 2015 01:45 PM EDT Reads: 898
Wearable technology was dominant at this year's International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) , and MWC was no exception to this trend. New versions of favorites, such as the Samsung Gear (three new products were released: the Gear 2, the Gear 2 Neo and the Gear Fit), shared the limelight with new wearables like Pebble Time Steel (the new premium version of the company's previously released smartwatch) and the LG Watch Urbane. The most dramatic difference at MWC was an emphasis on presenting wearables as fashion accessories and moving away from the original clunky technology associated with t...
Apr. 1, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,662
The world's leading Cloud event, Cloud Expo has launched Microservices Journal on the SYS-CON.com portal, featuring over 19,000 original articles, news stories, features, and blog entries. DevOps Journal is focused on this critical enterprise IT topic in the world of cloud computing. Microservices Journal offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. Follow new article posts on Twitter at @MicroservicesE
Apr. 1, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,632
After making a doctor's appointment via your mobile device, you receive a calendar invite. The day of your appointment, you get a reminder with the doctor's location and contact information. As you enter the doctor's exam room, the medical team is equipped with the latest tablet containing your medical history – he or she makes real time updates to your medical file. At the end of your visit, you receive an electronic prescription to your preferred pharmacy and can schedule your next appointment.
Apr. 1, 2015 12:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,081
SYS-CON Events announced today the IoT Bootcamp – Jumpstart Your IoT Strategy, being held June 9–10, 2015, in conjunction with 16th Cloud Expo and Internet of @ThingsExpo at the Javits Center in New York City. This is your chance to jumpstart your IoT strategy. Combined with real-world scenarios and use cases, the IoT Bootcamp is not just based on presentations but includes hands-on demos and walkthroughs. We will introduce you to a variety of Do-It-Yourself IoT platforms including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, Spark and Intel Edison. You will also get an overview of cloud technologies s...
Apr. 1, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 2,291
Containers and microservices have become topics of intense interest throughout the cloud developer and enterprise IT communities. Accordingly, attendees at the upcoming 16th Cloud Expo at the Javits Center in New York June 9-11 will find fresh new content in a new track called PaaS | Containers & Microservices Containers are not being considered for the first time by the cloud community, but a current era of re-consideration has pushed them to the top of the cloud agenda. With the launch of Docker's initial release in March of 2013, interest was revved up several notches. Then late last...
Apr. 1, 2015 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,334
The WebRTC Summit 2015 New York, to be held June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York, NY, announces that its Call for Papers is open. Topics include all aspects of improving IT delivery by eliminating waste through automated business models leveraging cloud technologies. WebRTC Summit is co-located with 16th International Cloud Expo, @ThingsExpo, Big Data Expo, and DevOps Summit.
Apr. 1, 2015 09:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,771
SOA Software has changed its name to Akana. With roots in Web Services and SOA Governance, Akana has established itself as a leader in API Management and is expanding into cloud integration as an alternative to the traditional heavyweight enterprise service bus (ESB). The company recently announced that it achieved more than 90% year-over-year growth. As Akana, the company now addresses the evolution and diversification of SOA, unifying security, management, and DevOps across SOA, APIs, microservices, and more.
Apr. 1, 2015 08:30 AM EDT Reads: 2,144
The list of 'new paradigm' technologies that now surrounds us appears to be at an all time high. From cloud computing and Big Data analytics to Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) and the Internet of Things (IoT), today we have to deal with what the industry likes to call 'paradigm shifts' at every level of IT. This is disruption; of course, we understand that – change is almost always disruptive.
Mar. 30, 2015 04:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,228
SYS-CON Events announced today that SafeLogic has been named "Bag Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo® New York, which will take place June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. SafeLogic provides security products for applications in mobile and server/appliance environments. SafeLogic's flagship product CryptoComply is a FIPS 140-2 validated cryptographic engine designed to secure data on servers, workstations, appliances, mobile devices, and in the Cloud.
Mar. 30, 2015 11:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,594
GENBAND has announced that SageNet is leveraging the Nuvia platform to deliver Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) to its large base of retail and enterprise customers. Nuvia's cloud-based solution provides SageNet's customers with a full suite of business communications and collaboration tools. Two large national SageNet retail customers have recently signed up to deploy the Nuvia platform and the company will continue to sell the service to new and existing customers. Nuvia's capabilities include HD voice, video, multimedia messaging, mobility, conferencing, Web collaboration, deskt...
Mar. 30, 2015 01:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,562
SYS-CON Media announced today that @WebRTCSummit Blog, the largest WebRTC resource in the world, has been launched. @WebRTCSummit Blog offers top articles, news stories, and blog posts from the world's well-known experts and guarantees better exposure for its authors than any other publication. @WebRTCSummit Blog can be bookmarked ▸ Here @WebRTCSummit conference site can be bookmarked ▸ Here
Mar. 29, 2015 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,920
SYS-CON Events announced today that Cisco, the worldwide leader in IT that transforms how people connect, communicate and collaborate, has been named "Gold Sponsor" of SYS-CON's 16th International Cloud Expo®, which will take place on June 9-11, 2015, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY. Cisco makes amazing things happen by connecting the unconnected. Cisco has shaped the future of the Internet by becoming the worldwide leader in transforming how people connect, communicate and collaborate. Cisco and our partners are building the platform for the Internet of Everything by connecting the...
Mar. 29, 2015 07:00 PM EDT Reads: 5,336
Temasys has announced senior management additions to its team. Joining are David Holloway as Vice President of Commercial and Nadine Yap as Vice President of Product. Over the past 12 months Temasys has doubled in size as it adds new customers and expands the development of its Skylink platform. Skylink leads the charge to move WebRTC, traditionally seen as a desktop, browser based technology, to become a ubiquitous web communications technology on web and mobile, as well as Internet of Things compatible devices.
Mar. 29, 2015 06:00 PM EDT Reads: 1,919


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Page 1
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7A7226.2007
2007 55: 925J Histochem Cytochem
Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne, Mette C. Jørgensen, Jacob Hald, Ole D. Madsen, Palle Serup and Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
Mouse and Chicken Embryos and Organs
An Improved Method for Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Protein Expression Patterns in Intact
Published by:
On behalf of:
Official Journal of The Histochemical Society
can be found at:
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
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- Sep 1, 2007Version of Record >>
by guest on June 12, 2013jhc.sagepub.comDownloaded from
Page 2
An Improved Method for Three-dimensional Reconstruction of
Protein Expression Patterns in Intact Mouse and Chicken
Embryos and Organs
Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne, Mette C. Jørgensen, Jacob Hald, Ole D. Madsen, Palle Serup,
and Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
Department of Developmental Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Gentofte, Denmark
multaneous detection of up to three proteins in mouse and chicken embryos. Combined with
Murray's clearing reagent (BABB) and microscope objectives with long working ranges and
high numerical apertures mounted on a confocal microscope, cellular resolution can be ob-
tained in depths offering the possibility of examining expression patterns in entire organs or
embryos. Three-dimensional projections of the optical confocal sections can be computed
with computer software allowing rotation around any axis. The protocol is robust and we
find that most antibodies working on tissue sections also work with this protocol. This manu-
script contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article
online to view these materials.
(J Histochem Cytochem 55:925–930, 2007)
We have developed a wholemount immunofluorescence protocol for the si-
SPECIFICATION OF CELL TYPES during embryonic devel-
opment relies on the highly orchestrated expression
of mRNAs and their encoded products in time and
space. Histochemical staining protocols allowing one
to study the expression patterns of mRNAs and pro-
teins in intact embryos and tissues are therefore valu-
able for investigating the biology of a particular cell or
tissue type in a broader developmental context. Tra-
ditional protocols have been based on the catalyzed
deposition of chromogenic substrates that can be vi-
sualized with light microscopy. These include the
alkaline phosphatase substrate BCIP/NBT (5-bromo-
4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium),
which produces a purple precipitate and is used ex-
tensively in wholemount mRNA in situ hybridization
protocols, and the peroxidase substrate DAB that pro-
duces a brown precipitate stable in organic solvents
and is often used in wholemount immunohistochemi-
cal applications (Klymkowsky and Hanken 1991).
These methods are very sensitive but colocalization
is not easily examined, and staining in deeper layers
is often masked by more superficial staining or tis-
sue opaqueness.
Confocal laser microscopy is widely used to detect
fluorescent signals in small transparent embryos and
organs such as the fruit fly, zebrafish, early-stage avian
embryos, and mouse inner ears [for recent examples
see Denkers et al. (2004); Brooker et al. (2006); and
Dong et al. (2007)], but larger or more opaque speci-
mens have been considered difficult to analyze with this
technique (Sharpe et al. 2002). Optical projection to-
mography is a recently developed method (Sharpe et al.
2002) and can be used to generate three-dimensional
(3D) images in high resolution of both fluorescent and
non-fluorescent specimens in the size of adult mouse
organs (Alanentalo et al. 2007). This method is very
useful for the study of global expression patterns and
morphometric analysis but does not provide cellu-
lar resolution.
Here we report a detailed stepwise protocol for im-
munofluorescent detection of up to three proteins in
wholemount preparations that, after clearing in Murray's
clearing reagent, can be used to examine global ex-
pression patterns in mouse embryos up to embryonic
day 10.5 (e10.5), chicken embryos up to e4, and whole
dissected organs at later stages of development with
Correspondence to: Jacob-Hecksher Sørensen, Department of
Developmental Biology, Hagedorn Research Institute, Niels Steensens
Vej 6, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Received for publication March 5, 2007; accepted April 17, 2007
[DOI: 10.1369/jhc.7A7226.2007].
The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
C The Histochemical Society, Inc.
Volume 55(9): 925–930, 2007
Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
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Page 3
cellular resolution using a standard confocal micro-
scope with standard optics.
Materials and Methods
The following reagents were used: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO,
cat. #52,796-3; Sigma-Aldrich, Brondby, Denmark), methanol
(MeOH, cat. #34,860; Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2, cat. #UN2014; Merck, Glostrup, Denmark), benzyl
benzoate (cat. #B6630; Sigma-Aldrich), benzyl alcohol (cat.
#10,800-6; Sigma-Aldrich), Cy3 TSA kit (cat. #NEL704A,
includes the TNB blocking reagent; PerkinElmer, Hvidovre,
Denmark), Histostain kit (cat. #95-6143B, includes ready-
to-use PO-streptavidin; Zymed, Aarhus, Denmark), Dulbecco's
PBS without Ca21/Mg21(cat. #14,190; Invitrogen, Taastrup,
Denmark), and Lilly's fixative (cat. #LAB00220.1000; Bie and
Berntsen, Rodovre, Denmark).
Wholemount Immunofluorescence
See supplemental Figure 1 for a flowchart of the method.
To fix embryos or tissue, we used Lilly's fixative (4%
phosphate-buffered formaldehyde, pH 7.2; see list of reagents)
or 4% PFA in PBS overnight at 4C. Transfer embryos or tis-
sues to absolute MeOH and let equilibrate for 1 hr on ice.
Embryos or tissues can be stored in MeOH for extended
periods at 220C. The following steps are done: (1) Incubate
tissue in Dent's bleach (MeOH:DMSO:H2O2, 4:1:1) (Dent
et al. 1989) for 2 hr at room temperature. This is a critical
step that promotes antibody penetration and quenches auto-
fluorescence (Alanentalo et al. 2007). (2) Put the tissue back in
absolute MeOH. (3) Equilibrate to PBS through a series of
descending MeOH concentrations in PBS (75%, 50%, 25%),
10 min each. The tissue will become sticky during this proce-
dure so take care not to suck it into pipettes, etc. (4) Block in
0.5% TNB for 2 hr (a proprietary TSA-block supplied by
Perkin-Elmer; see list of reagents). (5) Dilute the primary
antibodies in 0.5% TNB and incubate overnight at 4C with
gentle rocking. (6) Wash five times for 1 hr each with PBS. (7)
Apply the secondary antibodies diluted 1:500 in TNB over-
night at 4C with gentle rocking. (8) Wash three times for
20 min each with PBS. (9) Transfer to 100% MeOH. The tis-
sue can be stored for weeks or months at 4C without loss of
fluorescence intensity.
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
TSA amplification involves the same basic protocol. A bio-
tinylated secondary antibody raised in donkey against rabbit
IgG was applied in a mixture with the other secondary anti-
bodies, and three extra steps were included (after step 7 and a
2-hr washing step): (1) Tissues were incubated with peroxidase-
conjugated streptavidin (Zymed histostain kit; see list of re-
agents), 2 hr for small specimens, otherwise overnight at 4C.
(2) Wash five times for 20 min each with PBS. (3) Develop
signal by a 20-min incubation with Cy3-TSA substrate
(1:100) or FITC-TSA substrate (1:50) in amplification diluent
(PerkinElmer; see list of equipment). (4) Go to step 8.
All animal experiments were performed according to Danish
National Research Council guidelines.
General Considerations on Antibodies
Multilabeling experiments require the availability of primary
antibodies derived from different hosts and secondary anti-
bodies specifically reacting to immunoglobulins from these.
Preferably, secondary antibodies should be derived from the
same host to minimize the chance of cross-reactivity, and
they can never be from the species from which the primary
antibodies are derived. Furthermore, it is a requirement that
the fluorophore conjugates are well resolved to allow spe-
cific detection on the microscope. Cross-reactivity can be a
result of the primary antibodies reacting to related pep-
tides (such as the primary antibody against GLP1 used in this
study, which reacts with GLP1 and glucagon) or a result of
the secondary antibodies reacting with, e.g., IgGs from sev-
eral species.
We have used the highly cross-absorbed series of second-
ary antibodies from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories
(Suffolk, UK) to detect primary antibodies raised in the fol-
lowing species: mouse, rabbit, goat, rat, and guinea pig in
various combinations (this study and data not shown). We
find that primary antibodies from all these hosts can be mixed
and specifically recognized without cross-reactivity. How-
ever, proper controls should always be carried out testing
each primary antibody followed by a mixture of the second-
ary antibodies to secure that the primary antibody in question
is detected only by the corresponding secondary antibody.
Uncharacterized antibodies can be tested for specificity by
standard preabsorption studies.
Primary Antibodies
Primary antibodies used were as follows: goat anti-Pdx1 (kind
gift from Chris Wright), diluted 1:15,000; rabbit anti-Neurog3,
generated by immunization of rabbits with a NGN3-GST fu-
sion protein as in Schwitzgebel et al. (2000), diluted 1:16,000
with TSA; rat anti-CD31/Pecam1 (cat. #550274; BD Biosci-
ences, Erembodegem, Belgium) diluted 1:500; mouse anti-
E-cadherin (cat. #610181; BD Biosciences) diluted 1:1000;
mouseanti-glucagon (GLU001; Novonordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd,
Denmark) diluted 1:500; mouse anti-insulin (HUI018;
Novonordisk A/S) diluted 1:500; rabbit anti-amylase (cat.
#A8273; Sigma-Aldrich) diluted 1:5000; rabbit anti-GLP1
(kind gift from Jens Juul Holst) diluted 1:2000; rabbit anti-
Nkx6-1 (Jensen et al. 1996) diluted 1:1000; mouse anti-
Nkx6-1 (F55A10; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank/
BCBC, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA) diluted 1:1000;
rabbit anti-Hlxb9 (kind gift from Thomas Jessell) (Arber et al.
1999) diluted 1:10000; goat anti-Foxa2 (cat. #sc6554; Santa
anti-MPM-2 (cat. #M3514; Dako A/S, Glostrup, Denmark)
diluted 1:1600.
Secondary Antibodies
We used whole IgG biotin anti-rabbit (cat. #711-065-152;
for TSA amplification), Cy2-anti-goat (cat. #705-225-147),
Cy3-anti-rabbit (cat. #711-165-152), Cy5-anti-mouse (cat.
ary antibodies from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories
raised in donkey (1:500) in 0.5% TNB. Secondary antibodies
were always applied as a mixture.
The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
Ahnfelt-Rønne, Jørgensen, Hald, Madsen, Serup, Hecksher-Sørensen
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Page 4
Clearing With BABB and Mounting
It is critical that the tissue is completely equilibrated to 100%
MeOH. Any residual water will cause precipitation in the
tissue, making it opaque.
Immerse the tissue in BABB in a glass dish and let it equili-
brate for 10 min (BABB is a 1:2 mixture of benzyl alcohol to
benzyl benzoate). Mount the specimen in BABB in a concavity
slide with appropriate thickness (cat. #71,878; Electron Mi-
croscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA) and cover with a coverslip.
All images were obtained using the listed Zeiss objectives
mounted on a Zeiss LSM510 META Axio Imager or AxioVert
200M META microscope connected to a LSM 510 laser
module with the following lasers: Ar laser (488 nm; 50% laser
power), He/Ne laser (543 nm), and He/Ne laser (633 nm)
(Carl Zeiss; Go ¨ttingen, Germany). Laser output was set to
100% for all three lasers. Pinholes for each channel were ad-
justed so that the optical section depths in each channel were
even (pinhole z120 mm). Emitted fluorescence was detected
with line scans in multitrack mode using BP505530-nm (Cy2)
and LP 560-nm filters (Cy3). Cy5 was recorded with the
LSM510 META module set to 636–753 nm. Fluorescence
was recorded as square8-bit images (1024 3 1024 pixels) and
stored as separate image stacks for each channel. Pixel time
varied between the images but generally a pixel time of
3.20 msec was used, giving a scan speed of z23 sec per section
(using average of 2). Z-sections were recorded at intervals
even to the optical section depth. This gives lower resolu-
tion than the optimum 0.5 times optical slice thickness but
was chosen to shorten the total scan time to avoid bleaching
during scanning. Z-stacks were pseudocolored and projected
to 3D using Zeiss LSM software. Alignment of images to
produce composite images was done manually with Adobe
Photoshop (Adobe; Palo Alto, CA).
List of Objectives
The list of objectives is as follows: Plan-Neofluar 2.53/0.07;
Plan-Apochromat 103/0.45, working distance (WD) 2 mm;
Plan-Neofluar 103/0.3, WD 5.5 mm; LD Plan-Neofluar
203/0.4, WD 7.9 mm; Achroplan 203/0.5 W Ph2, WD
1.9 mm; and Achroplan 403/0.8 W, WD 3.6 mm. The Plan-
Neofluar 2.53/0.07 objective does not have confocal proper-
ties but allows a global view of the specimen.
We have tested a range of objectives for the purpose
of laser-scanning confocal microscopy of specimens
immunofluorescently labeled in wholemount. We find
that optics with long working ranges and high nu-
merical apertures perform well and, for higher magni-
fication (320 and 340), water-immersion objectives
perform better than dry objectives with similar work-
ing ranges and numerical apertures. In our setting,
most antibodies working on sections also work in the
wholemount procedure. Due to improved sensitivity
we generally dilute the primary antibodies 2- to 5-fold
more than the dilutions used on sections. All projections
were done using unfiltered optical confocal sections,
and the only image manipulation done was brightness/
contrast enhancement.
The developing pancreas was used as an example of
what the method can be used for. Figure 1 illustrates the
performance of the protocol and the optics. Briefly, the
pancreas develops from dorsal and ventral anlagen in
the endodermal epithelium, which during development
fuse (between e11.5 and e12.5 in the mouse) and form
the adult organ. One of the earliest pancreas markers
known is Pdx1, the expression of which is initiated at
e8.5 in the mouse embryo and labels progenitor cells of
all the epithelial lineages of the mature organ (Gu et al.
2003). Once the pancreas is defined, Nkx6-1 is turned
on in the pancreas primordia (Sander et al. 2000). The
majority of the adult organ is constituted by the exo-
crine compartment, which produces digestive enzymes
such as amylase secreted to the duodenum through
the pancreatic ducts (Slack 1995). The five endocrine
cell types of the pancreas are organized in the islets of
Langerhans and produce peptide hormones important
for glucose homeostasis. The peptide hormones are glu-
cagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide,
and ghrelin produced by the a, b, y, PP, and e cells, re-
spectively (Heller et al. 2005). The formation of pan-
creatic and enteroendocrine cells depends on the bHLH
transcription factor Neurog3, which is transiently ex-
pressed in all endocrine progenitors (Gradwohl et al.
2000; Gu et al. 2002; Jenny et al. 2002).
Figure 1 shows a selected set of immunofluorescent
stainings that illustrate aspects of pancreas develop-
ment. An e15.5 dissected mouse stomach with proxi-
mal duodenum and pancreas stained with antibodies
specific for Pdx1 in green, CD31/Pecam1 in blue,
and Neurog3 in red (Cy3 TSA amplified) is shown in
Figures 1A–1D. Pdx1 labels the entire pancreatic and
duodenal epithelium, whereas CD31/Pecam1 marks
endothelial cells of the vasculature, and Neurog3 the
endocrine progenitor cells. At low magnification, it is
easily seen how the dorsal pancreas lies adjacent to the
stomach and the ventral pancreas in the duodenal
loop (Figure 1A; Plan-Neofluar 2.53/0.07). 3D imag-
ing can be obtained at higher magnification (Figure 1B)
by collapsing individual optical sections exemplified in
Figure 1C (Plan-Apochromat 103/0.45). At this level,
it is possible to observe how the Neurog3-positive cells
lie in the central part of the pancreas epithelium, and
the common bile duct that connects the pancreas to the
duodenum is also visible (arrows in Figures 1B and 1C).
Optical sections at 203 provide single-cell resolution
(Figure 1D; LD Plan-Neofluar 203/0.4). Scattered
Neurog3-positive nuclei lie within the Pdx1-positive
epithelium, and it is seen how blood vessels project into
the mesenchymal part of the intestinal villi.
For intact embryos, this method allows reconstruc-
tion of 3D expression patterns in mouse embryos un-
The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
3D Imaging of Mouse and Chick Embryos
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Figure 1
(blue). Arrows in B and C point to the connection of the Pdx1-positive common bile duct to the duodenum. (E) e10.5 mouse embryo stained
as in A–D. (F) Gallery showing the 48 optical sections used for the projection in E. (G) Optical section of the pancreatic endoderm from an
e8.75 mouse embryo stained for Pdx1 (blue), Hlxb9 (green), and E-cadherin (red). (H) Mouse embryo (e10.5) stained for Foxa2 (green) and
Nkx6-1 (red). The lung buds, stomach, liver, and primitive gut are easily seen. Nkx6-1 labels most neuronal progenitor cells within the ventral
spinal cord and the mesenchyme around foregut endodermal structures, as well as the pancreas primordia. Note the unspecific staining in
the lumen of the gut due to the use of a mouse monoclonal antibody to detect Nkx6-1. (I) Chicken embryo (e5) stained for Foxa2 (green) and
glucagon/insulin (red), which together constitute the great majority of endocrine cells in the pancreas and amylase (blue). Composite image
assembled from three projections from optical z-stacks. Arrow points to the cecum, which is the junction between the small and large intes-
tine. (J) HH stage 15 chicken embryo stained for Nkx6-1 (red) and GLP1/glucagon (green). Arrowhead points to Nkx6-1 expression in the ven-
tral pancreas. Inset shows the projection rotated on the y-axis to reveal the two ventrolateral Nkx6-1 domains in the endoderm (arrowheads).
(K) Chick embryo (e4) stained for Nkx6-1 (red) and MPM2 (green). Arrowheads point to the two ventral pancreas buds. DP, dorsal pancreas; VP,
ventral pancreas; St, stomach; Duo, duodenum; DA, dorsal aorta; H, heart; LB, lung bud; Li, liver; FP, floor plate of the spinal cord; YS, yolk stalk.
(A–D) Dissected mouse embryonic day 15.5 (e15.5) gut with pancreas stained for Pdx1 (green), Neurog3 (red), and CD31/Pecam1
The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
Ahnfelt-Rønne, Jørgensen, Hald, Madsen, Serup, Hecksher-Sørensen
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til e10.5 (Figures 1E, 1F, and 1H and Supplemental
Movies 1 and 2; Plan-Apochromat 103/0.45) and e4 in
chicken embryos (Figure 1K; Achroplan 203/0.5 W Ph2).
In e10.5 mouse embryos, Pdx1 (green) labels the dorsal
and ventral pancreas buds as well as the lateral in-
testinal epithelium between the buds at lower levels.
Neurog3 immunoreactivity (red) is seen in the dorsal
pancreas bud and in the ventral spinal cord. CD31/
Pecam1 (blue) highlights the vasculature and the dorsal
aorta, and its projection along the neural tube is readily
seen (Figures 1E and 1F and Supplemental Movies 1
and 2). A common problem we observe using mono-
clonal antibodies derived from mouse and rat is un-
specific staining in the lumen of the gut (asterisk in
Figure 1E) of mouse embryos. The image shown in Fig-
ure 1E was obtained by projecting the 48 optical sec-
tions spanning 357.2 mm shown in Figure 1F. A 360j
rotation on the y-axis of the projection can be seen as
Supplemental Movie 1 and the individual sections can
be seen in high resolution in Supplemental Movie 2.
For single-cell resolution and coexpression studies,
very thin optical sections can be obtained using a 403
objective as exemplified in Figure 1G (Achroplan 403/
0.8 W). Here an e8.75 mouse embryo stained for Pdx1
(blue), E-cadherin (red), and Hlxb9 (green) is shown.
Pdx1 is expressed in the dorsal and ventral pancreas
anlagen, Hlxb9 is only expressed in the dorsal endo-
derm, and E-cadherin is present in the membrane of all
epithelial cells of the endoderm.
Foxa2 labels the entire endodermal epithelium and
the floor plate of the spinal cord (Figures 1H and 1I;
Plan-Neofluar 103/0.3). Whereas the entire gut of an
e10.5 mouse embryo can be contained within the field
of view of the 103 objective (Figure 1H), the gut of an
e5 chicken embryo is too large. The image in Figure 1I
was therefore generated by joining three projections in
a composite image. The flanks of the embryo and the
liver were dissected away prior to staining.
Figures 1J and1K (Achroplan 203/0.5 W Ph2) show
the development of the chicken pancreas marked by
Nkx6-1 expression from HH stage 15 to e4 (HH stage
21) (Hamburger and Hamilton 1951). Rotation of the
projected 3D image reveals how the two ventral pan-
creas buds develop from two ventrolateral Nkx6-1 do-
mains (Figure 1J, inset).
Our results demonstrate how confocal laser-scanning
microscopy can be used to generate detailed expression
data in high resolution from any desired depth of or-
ganogenic stage mouse and chicken embryos. Larger
tissues such as e15.5 dissected mouse gut preparations
can also be effectively immunolabeled with this pro-
tocol and, although large specimens exceed the field of
view in optics with confocal properties, overlapping
z-stacks and derived 3D projections can be used to gen-
erate composite images showing entire organs or em-
bryos. Rotation of 3D projections can give additional
information with the limitation that any angle deviating
from the plane of the optical section will become pro-
gressively blurred until 90j from the original plane of
section. This is in contrast to 3D tomographic recon-
structions calculated using back-projection algorithms
from parallel projection datasets such as optical pro-
jection tomography, which have equal resolution in any
given angle (Sharpe et al. 2002).
Analysis of intact mouse and chicken embryos and
isolated organs in combination with the high resolu-
tion offered by this technique facilitates accurate mor-
phometric measurements. Consequently, the method
described here provides a powerful tool for analyzing
global gene expression as well as phenotypes resulting
from perturbations of the normal development.
O.D.M. and P.S. were supported by NIH Grants 5U19
DK-42502-15 and 1U19 DK-61244-4 through the Beta Cell
Biology Consortium and by the EU 6thframework program.
We thank Malene Jørgensen, Hanne Duus Laustsen,
and Karsten Skole Marckstrøm for technical support. We
are grateful to Mike S. German, Chris V.E. Wright, Jens Juul
Holst, and Thomas Jessell for providing reagents.
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Firecracker russelia growth rate.
airedale689February 5, 2014
A few of my firecrackers in a whiskey barrels have propogated via layering have made new plants by layering... Just having the stems hang down and then making roots.
How fast will it be before they grow up to be central stalks about 12" ? I have a 9.5" container and was thinking about taking them out and sticking about 8 of them in there with my one plant... Will it crowd too quick?


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The Hopes of a Mother . . . the Dreams of a Father . . . Are Real. Our Children Get Better.
Conference details will be posted soon at www.autismone.org.Registration opens this week.
PROUDLY ANNOUNCINGThe Autism One & Generation Rescue - Autism Redefined 2010 ConferenceMonday, May 24 – Sunday, May 30Westin O'Hare Hotel, Chicago, Illinois
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For 7 days in May, everything you thought you knew and could do will be challenged and changed. You will be informed, educated, and join the legion of parents who are embracing prevention and recovery.
Conference Speakers - Partial List for 2010:
Keynote Address - Jenny McCarthy
James Adams, PhDTimothy Adams, Esq.Lynne Arnold, MAMary Lynch Barbera, RN, MSN, BCBADaniel Barth, PhDJeffrey Becker, ODMichael Biamonte, CCNMark Blaxill, MBAKenneth Bock, MDTom BohagerJeff Bradstreet, MD
Continue reading "Autism One & Generation Rescue Autism Redefined 2010 Conference" »


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This morning, NYC-based streetwear juggernaut Supreme released their highly-coveted collaboration with Japanese label Undercover. Like most Supreme collaborations, kids lined up... more >
The Bond Girl B-Squad
Bond girls, especially the lesser ones, have a tendency to bite the dust. Take a look back at the women who died in Her Majesty's not-sufficiently-secret service
Aki (Akiko Wakabayashi) – You Only Live Twice, 1967
Not only does Bond get bathed by a bunch of Japanese women in this flick, he gets his ass saved by one. Repeatedly. Aki arrives at the 17-minute mark to help Bond escape from the Osato chemical engineering firm. She then saves him from getting gunned down outside that same building, and also from death by forklift at the docks. And in exchange for her trouble, she's poisoned by a ninja while in bed with Bond. Arigato a lot, James.
From appearance to death: 58 minutes, 40 seconds
- Tags
- Entertainment,
- Movies + TV,
Food + Travel
- David Chang's Kitchen: Don't Get All "Fresh" with Me
- David Chang's Kitchen: Your Idea of Bologna is Total Baloney
- Chart: The Family Tree of Bourbon Whiskey
- Recipe: Semi-Summer Salad - Chef Jeff Taibe of Oak + Almond
- The Great Franco-Italian Pasta Experiment
- How to Pick from an Overpriced Restaurant Wine List


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