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A process controller and method employing a machine vision system for automatically and continuously monitoring and controlling the processing of coated fasteners, and for separating the fasteners into three groups of "good", "rejected" and "purge"/recyclable parts.
1. An apparatus to monitor and control the process of applying at least one coating material onto the threads of a fastener comprising:
a coating applicator adapted to apply at least one coating to a fastener;
a process controller adapted to perform an initiation sequence by receiving at least one input confirming the operability of at least one subsystem from the group comprising: compressed air, process heat, parts feed, vacuum pressure for coating reclamation, and coating material feed;
at least one control signal provide by said process controller to actuate operation of said at least one subsystem after said process controller confirms the operability of said at least one subsystem;
said process controller monitors operation of said at least one subsystem during fastener processing and in the event of a failure of said operation, said process controller provides a signal halting fastener processing;
said process controller monitors at least one run condition for conformance with at least one predetermined criteria, said run condition comprising at least one of the following: fastener speed, coating flow, and heating within a temperature range;
said process controller adapted to provide a signal halting fastener processing upon detecting a run condition which does not meet said predetermined criteria;
a machine vision system which is in communication with said process controller to monitor fasteners for conformance with a predetermined inspection criteria, said predetermined inspection criteria comprising at least one of the following: the number of threads on the fastener, the location of threads on the fastener, the orientation or pitch of the threads on the fastener, the amount of coating coverage on the fastener, and the location of coating on the fastener; and
said process controller upon detecting a fastener which fails to meet said inspection criteria provides a signal which causes the detected fastener to be directed to a preselected location while allowing fastener processing to continue.
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20. An apparatus to monitor and control the process of applying at least one coating material onto the threads of a fastener comprising:
a coating applicator adapted to apply at least one coating material to the threads of a fastener;
a process controller to confirm the availability of at least one subsystem from the group comprising: compressed air, parts feed, vacuum pressure for material reclamation, and coating material feed;
said process controller adapted to perform the following operational sequence to begin fastener processing upon confirming the availability of said at least one subsystem:
providing at least one control signal to activate the revolution of a dial and to begin purging fasteners,
monitor for fastener movement on said dial,
providing at least one control signal to activate process heat,
providing at least one control signal to activate the application of coating material,
and after purging a predetermined number of fasteners, providing at least one control signal to deactivate fastener purge;
said process controller adapted to monitor the availability of said at least one subsystem during fastener processing and in the event of said subsystem becoming unavailable, said process controller provides a signal halting fastener processing;
a machine vision system in communication with said process controller, said machine vision system adapted to monitor fasteners for conformance with predetermined inspection criteria, said predetermined inspection criteria comprising the number of threads on the fastener, the location of threads on the fastener, the orientation or pitch of the threads on the fastener, the amount of coating coverage on the fastener, and the location of coating on the fastener;
said process controller upon detecting a fastener which fails to meet said inspection criteria provides a signal which causes the detected fastener to be directed to a preselected location while allowing fastener processing to continue.
21. The apparatus of
22. The apparatus of
23. An apparatus to monitor and control the process of applying at least one coating material onto the threads of a fastener comprising:
a coating applicator adapted to apply at least one coating material to the threads of a fastener;
a process controller adapted to confirm the availability of the following subsystems upon activation of electrical power and prior to fastener processing: compressed air, parts feed, and vacuum pressure for material reclamation;
said process controller performs the following operational sequence to begin fastener processing upon confirming the availability of said subsystems:
providing at least one control signal to activate the revolution of a dial and to begin purging fasteners,
monitor for fastener movement on said dial,
providing at least one control signal to activate process heat,
providing at least one control signal to activate the application of coating material,
and after purging a predetermined number of fasteners, providing at least one control signal to deactivate fastener purge;
said process controller monitors the availability of said subsystems during fastener processing and in the event of a subsystem becoming unavailable, said process controller provides a signal halting fastener processing;
a machine vision system in communication with said process controller to monitor fasteners for conformance with predetermined inspection criteria, said predetermined inspection criteria comprising the number of threads on the fastener, the location of threads on the fastener, the orientation or pitch of the threads on the fastener, the amount of coating coverage on the fastener, and the location of coating on the fastener; and
said process controller upon detecting a fastener which fails to meet said inspection criteria provides a signal which causes the detected fastener to be directed to a preselected location while allowing fastener processing to continue.
24. The apparatus of
25. The method of
The invention generally relates to a process for continuously monitoring and controlling various fastener coating processes, which may include but are not limited to processes involving loading and handling of bulk parts, vibratory sorting, heating, coating (powder or liquid) application to fasteners, tumbling, material recycling and curing ("fastener coating machines and processes").
A variety of fastener coating machines and processes are known for handling threaded fasteners (e.g., nuts and bolts) and non-threaded fasteners (e.g., rivets), and for coating them with a polymeric resin for various purposes, as disclosed in the following U.S. Patents, each of which is assigned to the present assignee and each of which is incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,060,868; 4,120,993; 4,801,043; 4,888,214; Re. 33,766; 5,236,505; 5,362,327; 5,403,624; 5,620,741; 5,685,680; 5,718,945; 5,758,798; 5,792,512; 5,908,155; 6,004,627; 6,017,391; 6,156,392; 6,168,662 B1; 6,209,758 B1; and 6,223,953 B1.
While these fastener coating machines and processes have proven useful, a fairly high degree of operator control has been required. It would be advantageous, therefore, to automate the processes, rendering them materially faster and more efficient, while also substantially enhancing quality control. Doing so requires resolution of various problems, and combining various designs and technologies, as discussed below.
To provide a few examples, various subsystems must be ready and properly operating for use with a typical fastener coating machine. Such subsystems include those supplying electricity, compressed air, and process heat to a machine. Subsystems for supplying the fasteners and also for supplying the coating material must also be available, e.g., filled reservoirs, free and unblocked feed tubes, etc. Heating coils, for example, must be powered, conveyors or turntables on dial machines must be powered and moving, and vacuum pressure must be available for coating reclamation. If one or more of these subsystems fail, attempted fastener processing can result in defective and unusable parts or damaged machinery. As an example, if a machine conveyor stalls for some reason, such as a defective motor, continuous heating of parts positioned within the induction heating coil will result in a fire, and destroy the induction heating track.
As another example, when a fastener processing machine first begins to run, the fasteners may not have time to reach the specified target temperature before entering the powder application zone. Since such fasteners, called "purged" fasteners, may not receive a properly adhering coating, it would be advantageous to purge these fasteners from the process before any coatings are applied.
Also, temperature control is critical to obtaining a proper coating, but its regulation and maintenance may be limited to an operator's subjective view of the "color change" in the fasteners. As another example, the continuous availability of compressed air (as opposed to its use only when needed) with various fastener machines, disclosed in the patents recited above, increases utility costs and noise levels.
As a further example, coated fasteners must be inspected for quality control. Manual inspection requires the presence of an operator, limits processing speed, and is also dependent on variable parameters such as operator fatigue.
As a still further example, coating reclamation (e.g., using vacuum procedures to reclaim oversprayed coating material), particularly if done manually, may also interrupt fastener processing.
Each of these problems may be minimized or eliminated using automated processing provided by the present invention, as described below.
One aspect of the present invention incorporates the use of a machine vision system. Machine vision systems are known for monitoring and controlling various processes. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,114,705; 6,172,748 B1; 6,175,652 B1; 6,170,973 B1; and 6,208,772 B1, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. A machine vision system typically provides automated, computer-based image acquisition and analysis capabilities, that can be employed for tasks such as measurement and inspection of fastener components or materials. A machine vision system employs a camera for acquiring an image of an object, and functionality for processing the acquired image and providing desired information about the fasteners as they are coated.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an automated system for processing the coating of fasteners.
It is another object of the invention to provide such a system which is capable of being retrofitted onto existing fastener processing machines.
It is another object to provide processing controls, including a processing controller incorporating the use of a programmable logic controller and a machine vision system, designed and configured to automatically and remotely control the processing of various types of fastener processing machines.
Definition of Claim Terms
The following terms are used in the claims of the patent as filed and are intended to have their broadest meaning consistent with the requirements of law. Where alternative meanings are possible, the broadest meaning is intended. All words used in the claims are intended to be used in the normal, customary usage of grammar and the English language.
"Fastener" means threaded parts (e.g., nuts and bolts) as well as non-threaded parts (e.g., rivets) coated with a polymeric resin in either liquid or powder form, using the invention.
"Fastener conditions" means predetermined condition(s) to be monitored by the process controller of the present invention, such as but not limited to the number of threads on the fasteners, the orientation of the threads on the fasteners, or the orientation of the fasteners.
"Machine vision system" means a system which acquires an image and processes that image in order to evaluate predetermined variables, parameters or criteria with regard to fasteners being processed using the invention.
"Predetermined criteria" means predetermined parameters or variables to be monitored by the process controller of the invention concerning fasteners to be properly processed, including fastener conditions as well as other conditions, such as the amount of coating coverage on the fasteners, the location of coating on the fasteners, etc.
"Rejected fasteners" means fasteners which do not meet the predetermined process criteria necessary for qualifying a processed fastener as a "good" part (e.g., appropriate number of threads, appropriate coating coverage).
"Purged fasteners" means fasteners which are purged, or removed, from the production process during machine startup and shutdown cycles. Purged fasteners may (or may not) have been previously heated. However, purged fasteners have never been subjected to application of a coating and, therefore, may be recycled by the processing equipment.
"Good fasteners" means fasteners which meet the predetermined process criteria.
The objects mentioned above, as well as other objects, are solved by the present invention, which overcomes disadvantages of prior art process controllers, while providing new advantages not previously obtainable.
In a preferred embodiment, a process controller is provided for monitoring and controlling processing steps involving the application of polymeric resin coatings onto fasteners using processing steps based on predetermined criteria. The fasteners may move or be moved along a pathway located on, or adjacent to, a coating work station. During processing, the process controller automatically performs each of the following mentioned steps. First, an initiation sequence may be performed which confirms the availability of one or more subsystems supplying one or more of the following preconditions: compressed air, heat for use in coating the fasteners, vacuum pressure for a powder coating reclamation system, and presence of sufficient coating material. The heat for use in coating the fasteners may be provided by an induction coil, infrared rays or other heating mechanisms such as those providing conductive heat. The process controller may, but need not, selectively control the presence of compressed air using an air solenoid.
After confirming the availability of one or more of the preconditions, control signals may be initiated to actuate one or more of the subsystems supplying one or more of the preconditions. During fastener processing, one or more of the following run conditions may be continuously monitored for a negative run condition, which may result in the processing of fasteners not meeting the predetermined criteria: fastener speed along the pathway within a predetermined range, coating flow, and heating within a predetermined temperature range. Temperature sensing may, but need not, be accomplished using an optical pyrometer. Also during fastener processing, one or more of the following preselected fastener conditions may be continuously monitored for a defective fastener condition using a machine vision system in communication with the process controller: the number of threads on the fastener, the location of threads on the fastener, the orientation or pitch of the threads on the fastener, the amount of coating coverage on the fastener, and the location of coating on the fastener. Upon detecting a negative run condition, processing may be automatically stopped and the cause of the negative run condition may be indicated. Upon detecting a defective fastener condition, processing may be continued and the detected fastener may be directed to a preselected location for defective fasteners.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the machine vision system may include a camera and a light source, which may but need not include a fiber optic cable and a halogen bulb. Preferably, the light source illuminates the particular fastener with an illumination power substantially greater than illumination provided by ambient light surrounding the particular fastener. Preferably, the light source provides a substantially constant illumination power over the useful life of the light source.
In one embodiment, the movable pathway is a turntable on a dial machine. Preferably, the turntable is rotated and its speed regulated by a closed loop control system. The closed loop control system may include a motor, a tachometer, and an electronic motor drive. In another embodiment, the pathway may be a belt conveyor.
If the coating material is a liquid, its presence within a delivery tube may be sensed using one or more electronic optical, pressure, or flow sensors. If the coating material is a powder, its presence may be sensed using a capacitive sensor and/or a triboelectric flow monitor.
Preferably, the process controller directs fasteners to be separated into at least three locations: a first location comprising Purged fasteners which have not been coated and which may be recycled for processing; a second location comprising Rejected fasteners which have been found to have a defective fastener condition; and a third location comprising Good fasteners that have been properly processed and meet the predetermined criteria.
Preferably, the process controller provides a visual and/or audible signal indicating the presence of at least one of the following conditions: (1) a major system fault resulting in ceasing of processing; (2) a minor system fault allowing continued processing; and (3) normal processing conditions.
The novel features which are characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, together with further objects and attendant advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following description of various preferred embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective front view of a preferred embodiment of the process controller of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective front view of a preferred embodiment of the process controller of the present invention, with the door open;
FIGS. 3 and 8 are exploded views of the monitor displays on the front door of the process controller, as seen in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are perspective side and top views from different angles of a preferred dial machine for use with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a portion of the dial machine shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, illustrating a camera and light source used with a preferred embodiment of the machine vision system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective front and bottom view of the dial machine shown in FIGS. 4-6, illustrating the conduits leading to storage bins housing purged and defective fasteners;
FIGS. 8a and 8 b are video images captured by a preferred embodiment of the vision system of the present invention, and, showing top and bottom views of an internally threaded fastener following coating application.
FIGS. 9, 9 a, 9 b, and 9 c are flow diagrams illustrating the logical sequence of a particularly preferred process controller embodiment of the present invention.
Set forth below is a description of what are currently believed to be the preferred embodiments and/or best examples of the invention claimed. Present and future alternatives and modifications to these preferred embodiments are contemplated. Any alternatives, or modifications, which make insubstantial changes in function, in purpose, in structure or in result are intended to be covered by the claims of this patent.
Referring to FIGS. 1-2, the process controller is generally designated as 10. Process controller 10 enables the automatic and sequential start-up and shut-down of one or more fastener coating machines and/or subsystems for such machines.
Referring now to FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment, process controller 10 includes: a fiber optic light source 20; a programmable logic controller (PLC) 25; a camera controller 27 which may accommodate color or gray scale data acquisition; external and internal terminal strips 30, 31 for accommodating wiring for conveyors, motors, etc.; a vacuum switch 33 for monitoring a remote powder collection system; a DC power supply 40; a pressure switch 35 for sensing the presence of compressed air; a main air solenoid 37 for supplying compressed air to the fastener machines; and various other solenoids 38 for supplying air to a Rejected fasteners air ejector, a Purged fasteners air ejector, and a powder pump. Line filter 41 may be used to prevent electrical noise from entering process controller 10 via the electrical power line. A particularly preferred process controller 10 includes an interactive display (24 V DC 10 W source), a programmable logic controller (PLC, e.g., Model CQM1), a PLC CPU unit (24 V DC input, e.g., Model CQM1H-CPU51), and a power supply (24 V DC), each available from Omron Corporation of Japan.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 3, a typical display screen 50, which may preferably constitute a touch screen display, may show the state of readiness of various fastener processing systems, including: a parts feeder ("Feeder"); compressed air ("Comp. Air"); vacuum pressure for powder coating reclamation ("Vacuum"); heater readiness and heater functioning ("HTR Ready", "HTR Funct."); fastener conveyors being operable ("Parts Motion"); powder flow ("Pwdr. Flow"); dial switch position ("Dial SW Pos"); and mode switch position (Mode SW Pos").
Referring now to FIGS. 4-7, a dial machine 60 for coating internally threaded fasteners is shown. Dial machine 60 has a horizontally rotating turntable 61 controlled by process controller 10, and includes induction heating coil 62. Following heating, a coating is applied using an appropriate coating applicator such as spray nozzles 12 which are evenly spaced around dial machine 60. A powder collection "horn" 68 removes excess powder from the spray zone, and directs this powder back to a dust collection system (not shown).
Referring to FIGS. 4-7, various ejector tubes for accommodating fasteners may include a "purge" ejector tube 64 for conveying parts to a recycling location, a "defective parts" ejector tube 66 for conveying parts to a defective parts bin, and a "good parts" ejector tube 65 for conveying properly coated parts to a cooling location. Fasteners may be selectively ejected from the turntable track using bursts of compressed air from tubes 75.
Still referring to FIGS. 4-7, a camera housing 63 is provided for conveying video images to the process controller 10. A suitable camera trigger, such as a cam follower proximity switch located on the coating machine, may be used with the camera and camera controller. Preferably, the object field of the camera is bathed with high intensity light emitted from the discharge end of the fiber optic light conduit 72, which also is also housed within camera housing 63. This light preferably is of such a high intensity that it "swamps" ambient light, ensuring that variations in ambient light do not distort data acquisition by the machine vision system. Most preferably, a light source is used which maintains a constant light emitting power, rather than one whose light emitting power diminishes over use; this, again, ensures that data acquisition and processing will not be distorted by a changing light source. A preferred light source is a halogen 3900 Lightsource Smart-Lite™, available from Illumination Technologies of Syracuse, N.Y., whose long-term light power output change is less than 1%.
While the preferred vision system of the present invention utilizes a fiber optic cable and a halogen bulb, vision systems according to the invention need not use these features, but may instead utilize less expensive components such as LED solid state light sources, as now commonly used.
A suitable machine vision system, which may be used with process controller 10 of the present invention is available from Omron Corporation of Japan, e.g. Model F-150-2. The machine vision system may be programmed to monitor various predetermined criteria, such as: proper coating coverage (e.g., using lightness/darkness parameters on a 0-255 greyscale black/white shade range for each pixel, or suitable color criteria for colored coatings); proper thread number and/or orientation and/or pitch; proper fastener orientation; and proper powder and liquid deposition and quantity.
Referring to FIGS. 8a and 8 b, monitor 55 of process controller 10, shown in FIG. 1, may display video images captured by the camera, together with the grid or zone selected for inspection. Monitor 55 preferably permits manual operator setup, programming, and evaluation of the inspected parameters. Thus, monitor 55 may show the fastener orientation, coating coverage (using black and white shading differences) or other parameters. Error indicators may be used to show the reason why a particular defective part was rejected (e.g., coating coverage, faulty number of threads, etc.).
Various advantages flow from the use of the present invention, some of which are now described. Using main air solenoid 37 of the process controller, compressed air is only supplied when needed, as directed by controller 10. This reduces noise, compressed air consumption, and electrical power requirements. Using appropriate heat sensors, such as an optical pyrometer available from Ircon, Inc. of Niles, Ill., a temperature gauge for monitoring the process heat of the fasteners may be provided, as well as a visual, LED display of temperature. If the process temperature does not reach a desired operating range, or if a failure of the heating source is detected, controller 10 may be programmed to shut down the process and display the corresponding system fault.
Process controller 10 may also require machine shut-down if an appropriately located proximity switch or other motion sensor fails to detect the presence and/or movement of conveyed parts. For detecting moving fasteners, a variety of commonly available sensors may be used, including inductive proximity sensors for sensing metal, capacitive sensors for sensing material density, or photoelectric sensors.
Closed loop speed controls are preferably used with the fastener coating machines and systems of the present invention. For use with a dial machine, for example, a tachometer may be built onto the motor (e.g., a standard Baldor motor), so that the motor automatically compensates for differences in heating and/or load, to ensure that the speed that is set is the speed that is actually achieved. A properly sized motor, when equipped with a tachometer and matched to a suitable electronic motor drive, will ensure high torque and accurate speed regulation.
Various types of level sensors (inductive, capacitive, or photoelectic) may be used to verify that coating materials are available from bulk delivery sources, such as bulk hoppers, screw feeders or liquid reservoirs. Additionally, suitable flow sensors may be used for verification of adequate powder or liquid material flow to the application process.
Preferably, different sensors are employed for sensing powder or liquid coatings. For example, suitable powder flow monitors include cross-correlating sensors, such as those available from Endress Hauser of Greenwood, Ind., or triboelectric flow monitors such as those available from Auburn International Inc. Danvers, Mass., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,448,172 and 5,287,061, incorporated herein by reference.
There are a variety of suitable liquid flow monitors or detectors, which can sense the presence or flow of liquid by using color detectors or photocells (e.g., many liquid coatings are brightly colored, which clearly shows within a clear tube). A variety of pressure and flow switches, detectors, and instrumentation, may also be used for this purpose.
The process controller preferably insures that coatings are not applied to "Purged" fasteners (e.g., parts passing through an induction heating coil system before attaining a suitable process power or temperature), since the coating material may not properly adhere. Using the present invention, uncoated purged parts, then, may be advantageously recycled by being passed or shunted to a separate recycle bin.
Each process controller 10 is provided with the capability of interfacing with one or more different fastener coating machines. The input/output capability of the PLC is designed to be sufficient for this purpose, while also minimizing operator interactions.
Preferably all purchased electrical components used with the process controller of the present invention meet the requirements of various country testing requirements, including UL (Underwriters Labs), CE (European equivalent of UL) and CSA (Canadian Standards Association).
Using the particularly preferred embodiment of process controller 10 disclosed here, a number of inputs may be provided to the PLC: (1) An operator commences the processing of fasteners by initiating a "cycle start" signal; (2) an air pressure sensor switch verifies the presence of shop air-pressure before the cycle is allowed to start; (3) a fastener infeed track motion sensor, such as a proximity switch, senses when parts are moving through the heater, e.g., induction coil; (4) the heater power is verified; (5) an optical pyrometer or other sensor monitors fastener temperature; (6) a powder or liquid flow sensor monitors material flow rate; (7) a level sensor (for screw feeders or liquid reservoirs, for example) verifies that coating materials are available from a bulk delivery source; (8) proximity switch functions as a source for the camera's trigger signal; (9) push buttons (e.g., "Reset 25" or "Reset 75") reset the error indicator after detecting a predetermined number of defective parts (e.g., 25/100 or 75/1000).
In the particularly preferred embodiment, output signals may be provided by PLC to accomplish the following: (1) an enable signal is provided to the main air solenoid, to supply compressed air to the system; (2) an enable signal is provided to the drive motor, to provide power to the fastener conveyor driver motor; (3) an enable signal is provided to the induction heater, to power the induction heater; (4) an enable signal is provided to the coating material application system, to supply powder or liquid; (5) a signal is provided to the air ejector solenoid to eject fasteners that are not sufficiently heated during the cycle start-up period; these purged fasteners may then be recycled rather than being considered as scrap; (6) an enable signal is provided to power/energize the liquid or powder flow monitor; (7) a red indicating light(s) is enabled to signal defective parts (e.g., 25/100 or 75/1000 LED); (8) a signal is provided to the air ejector solenoid to eject defective parts, as identified by the vision system; (9) counters/rate meters are signaled to increment when "good" or "defective" fasteners are detected; and (10) light towers are signaled to indicate "Major" system faults shutting down the processing system (red light), "Minor" system faults allowing continued processing (amber light), or normal processing conditions (green light).
Referring to FIG. 9, the processing sequence shown for a preferred embodiment should now be understood. In overview, when electrical power is first applied to the process controller 10, the system will automatically perform a number of system tests, and a System Self-Test screen will be automatically displayed on touchscreen interface 50. When all system Self-Tests are successfully completed, the touchscreen will automatically display the Run Mode screen. Once normal operation has been established, if any major system fault should be detected, the system will automatically perform a controlled shut down, and the System Self-Test screen will, once again, be automatically displayed, clearly indicating the cause of the system shut down.
Suitable, well-known devices may be provided for operator safety. For example, a manually-operated fused electrical disconnect interlocked to the door of the control cabinet of process controller 10 may be provided, so that electrical power is removed upon opening of the door. Additionally, an immediate emergency shut-down of all energy-storage devices within the process (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) may be provided in the form of a single pushbutton or other actuator.
The above description is not intended to limit the meaning of the words used in the following claims that define the invention. Rather, it is contemplated that future modifications in structure, function or result will exist that are not substantial changes and that all such insubstantial changes in what is claimed are intended to be covered by the claims. For example, while the preferred embodiment shown in the drawings illustrates a dial machine, it will be readily understood that various fastener processing machines, including those machines disclosed in the patents incorporated herein by reference such as those using linear (e.g., belt conveyor) as well as rotary conveyors, may be advantageously used with the present invention.
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text: Came here for a late lunch while exploring Vipiteno. Good canederli (the staple in the region) and local cheeses. Interestingly they had oysters, not a local specialty but nice and fresh. Ambiance is frendly if a bit noisy especially if families with children are around, which they might not be in... read more


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VIEWS: 1,319 PAGES: 22 CATEGORY: Academic Papers POSTED ON: 3/5/2010
Water harvesting can be traced back through human history almost as far as the origins of agriculture. Water harvesting is defined as the redirection and productive use of rainfall.
Author: Partha Das Sharma, (E.mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Website/Blog: http://saferenvironment.wordpress.com PARTHA DAS SHARMA 1 Water harvesting can be traced back through human history almost as far as the origins of agriculture. Water harvesting is defined as the redirection and productive use of rainfall. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 2 INTRODUCTION Rain is the ultimate source of fresh water. With the ground area around houses and buildings being cemented, particularly in cities and towns, rainwater, which runs off from terraces and roofs, was draining into low-lying areas and not percolating into the soil. Thereby, precious rainwater is squandered, as it is drained into the sea eventually. Rain water harvesting is a system by which, the rainwater that collects on the roofs and the area around the buildings is directed into open wells through a filter tank or into a percolation chamber , built specifically for this purpose. Rainwater is collected directly or recharged into the ground to improve ground water storage. Water that is not extracted from ground during rainy days is the water saved. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 3 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 4 NEED FOR RAIN-WATER HARVESTING Major parts of our country have been facing continuous failure of monsoon and consequent deficit of rainfall over the last few years. Also, due to ever increasing population, the use of ground water has increased drastically leading to constant depletion of ground water level causing the wells and tubewells to dry up. In some places, excessive heat waves during summer create a situation similar to drought. It is imperative to take adequate measures to meet the drinking water needs of the people in the country besides irrigation and domestic needs. Out of 8760 hours in a year, most of the rain in India falls in just 100 hours. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 5 VARIOUS METHODS EMPLOYED Rainwater can be harvested in a variety of ways: 1. Directly from roof tops and stored in tanks. 2. Monsoon run off and water in swollen streams during the Monsoon and storing it in underground tanks. 3. Water from flooded rivers can be stored in small ponds. There are basically two models associated with Rainwater harvesting: 1. Urban model 2. Rural model Urban model: This method mainly insists on directly harvesting water from roof tops. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 6 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 7 The schematic diagram of Urban Model PARTHA DAS SHARMA 8 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 9 Rooftop Rainwater HarvestingSystems In domestic Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Systems rainwater from the house roof is collected in a storage vessel or tank for use during the periods of scarcity. Usually these systems are designed to support the drinking and cooking needs of the family at the doorstep. Such a system usually comprises a roof, a storage tank and guttering to transport the water from the roof to the storage tank. In addition, a first flush system to divert the dirty water which contains roof debris collected on the roof during non-rainy periods and a filter unit to remove debris and contaminants before water enters the storage tank are also provided. COMPONENTS OF A RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM Roof catchments Gutters Down pipe and first flush pipe Filter unit Storage tank Collection pit PARTHA DAS SHARMA 10 Roof Catchments: The roof of the house is used as the catchments for collecting the rainwater. Roofs made of corrugated iron sheet, asbestos sheet, tiles or concrete can be utilized as such for harvesting the rainwater. But thatched roofs are not suitable as it gives some colour to water and also the water carries pieces of roof material. Gutters: Gutters are channels fixed to the edges of roof all around to collect and transport the rainwater from the roof to the storage tank. Gutters can be prepared in semi-circular and rectangular shapes as shown in figures. Locally available material such as plain galvanized iron sheet can be easily folded to required shapes to prepare semi- circular and rectangular gutters. Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily prepared by cutting the PVC pipes into two equal semi- circular channels. Bamboo poles can also be used. Down-pipe: Down pipe is the pipe, which carries the rainwater from the gutters to the storage tank. Down pipe is joined with the gutters at one end, and the other end is connected to the filter unit of the storage tank. PVC or GI pipes of diameter 50 mm to 75 mm are commonly used for down-pipe. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 11 First Flush Pipe: Debris, dirt and dust collect on the roofs during non-rainy periods. When the first rains arrive, this unwanted material will be washed into the storage tank. This causes contamination of water collected in the storage tank thereby rendering it unfit for drinking and cooking purposes. Therefore, a first flush system is incorporated to dispose off the water from 'first rain' so that it does not enter the tank. There are two such simple systems. One is based on a simple manually operated arrangement, where by, the down pipe is moved away from the tank inlet and replaced again once the first flush water has been disposed. In another simple and semi-automatic system, a separate vertical pipe is fixed to the down pipe with a valve provided below the "T" junction. After the first rain is washed out through first flush pipe, the valve is closed to allow the water to enter the down pipe and reach the storage tank. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 12 Filter Unit: The filter unit is a container or chamber filled with filter media such as coarse sand, charcoal, coconut fiber, pebbles and gravels to remove the debris and dirt from water that enters the tank. The container is provided with a perforated bottom to allow the passage of water. The filter unit is placed over the storage tank. Commonly used filters are of two types. One is a ferro-cement filter unit, which is comparatively heavy and the other is made of either aluminium or plastic bucket. The latter is readily available in market and has the advantage of ease in removing, cleaning and replacing. Another simple way of filtering the debris and dust particles that came from the roof along with rainwater is to use a fine cloth as filter media. The cloth, in 2 or 3 layers, can be tied to the top of a bucket or vessel with perforations at the bottom. Storage Tank: Storage tank is used to store the water that is collected form the Rooftops. Common vessels used for small scale water storage are plastic bowls, buckets, jerry cans, clay or ceramic jars, cement jars, old oil drums etc. For storing larger quantities of water the system will usually require a bigger tank with sufficient strength and durability. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 13 Collection Pit: A small pit is dug in the ground, beneath the tap of the storage tank and constructed in brick masonry to make a chamber, so that a vessel could be conveniently placed beneath the tap for collecting water from the storage tank. A small hole is left at the bottom of the chamber, to allow the excess water to drain-out without stagnation. Size of collection pit shall be 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 14 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 15 Rural model It is quite similar to urban model but has few more methods used to store water either for agricultural purpose or for domestic use. In rural areas, houses have usually inclined roof made up of asbestos sheets, bricks or cemented sheets. Thus water from the roof comes to the edges easily and is collected using channels fitted and is brought to storage tank through PVC pipes. The storage tank is made up of ferrocement. Cloth is the material used as filter to clean out the water from the roof. This type of tank stores enough water for drinking needs of a five member family for a month. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 16 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 17 PARTHA DAS SHARMA 18 EXPECTED BENEFITS Prevents water wastage by arresting run off. Prevents soil erosion and mitigates flood. Sustains and safeguards existing water table through recharge. Increases water availability and improves water quality. Arrests sea-water intrusion and prevents salination of ground water. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 19 Collection of rainwater The quantity of rainwater that can be harvested from a roof area of 1000 sq. ft for 100 mm of average annual rainfall and with a surface run off coefficient of 0.6 would be : 0.1 x 100 x 0.6 x 0.9295 = 5.577 m³ or 5570 litres /annum. 100 mm of rain falling on 1 hectare of land means 1 million litres of water. Even if 50 % of this water is collected, it can provide 15 litres of water/day to 91 persons for a whole year. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 20 HARVESTING RAINWATER HARNESSING LIFE- A COMMON RESPONSIBILITY Ground water exploitation is inevitable is Urban areas. But the groundwater potential is getting reduced due to urbanisation resulting in over exploitation. Hence, a strategy to implement the groundwater recharge, in a major way need to be launched with concerted efforts. To build up the water table and make the groundwater resource, a reliable and sustainable source for supplementing water supply needs of the urban dwellers. Recharge of groundwater through storm run off and roof top water collection, diversion and collection of run off into dry tanks, play grounds, parks and other vacant places are to be implemented. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 21 ATTRIBUTES OF GROUNDWATER There is more ground water than surface water. Ground water is less expensive and economic resource. Ground water is sustainable and reliable source of water supply. Ground water is relatively less vulnerable to pollution. Ground water is usually of high bacteriological purity. Ground water is free of pathogenic organisms. Ground water needs little treatment before use. Ground water has no turbidity and colour. Ground water has distinct health advantage as an alternative for lower sanitary quality surface water. Ground water is usually universally available. Ground water resource can be instantly developed and used. There is no conveyance losses in ground water based supplies. Ground water has low vulnerability to drought. Ground water is key to life in arid and semi-arid regions. Ground water is source of dry weather flow in rivers and streams. PARTHA DAS SHARMA 22
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1965 Shelby Cobra Replica Have you, like so many of us, always dreamed of owning a Shelby Cobra, but have always found dismay when researching... More
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text: Aleppo al-Rashid Mosque reportedly hit by 'Assad shelling' Conflict Conflict Middle East Syria Daniel DeFraia on Dec 31, 1969 @ 7:33 PM Syrian civilians gather around the remains of an army tank in front of a bombed-out mosque in the northern town of Azaz, some 47km north of Aleppo, on August 23, 2012. Today, Sept. 5, 2012, unconfirmed footage showed the collapse of the minaret of Al-Rashid Mosque in Aleppo, reportedly stuck by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's forces. This allegation could not be confirmed. The minaret of al-Rashid Mosque in Aleppo collapsed earlier today after it was hit by Syrian government shells, according to an anonymous journalist that goes by the name Amal Hanano. GlobalPost could not confirm the news, which came via Amal Hanano's tweet. Foreign Policy, which previously published articles by Hanano, says "Amal Hanano is a pseudonym for a Syrian-American writer." They say, "She has written extensively about the Syrian Revolution in Jadaliyya and the National.'" Fighting near al-Rashid Mosque between Syrian rebels and Assad's forces was reported on Aug. 30, 2012, by what seems to be a pro-government website. In April 2012, Amnesty International reported a female student was shot in the back while demonstrating near al-Rashid Mosque. The footage of the collapsed minaret was posted by alepposteam2012, and, though it's difficult to know for sure, it seems Hanano's Twitter feed was the first to allege the destruction was the fault of Assad's forces. If true, the Syrian military could be targeting minarets because they provide a good tactical position for snipers. If you know anything about this event, please leave a comment below. Here's the video: Latest victim of Assad shelling: the minaret of al-Rashid Mosque in #Aleppo. youtube.com/watch?v=FexXNe…. #Syria — Amal Hanano (@AmalHanano) September 5, 2012 Here's more footage of what seems to be the same fallen minaret:


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We're thinking about starting up sharing news links again. Here are some recent news articles involving bikes: Vitess offers luxury bikes – at a price – thestar.com Unlike other bike manufacturers, Vitess does not sell its bikes through stores or online. If you want a Vitess bike, you'll have to visit the company's Lakeshore Blvd. […]
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Comment: Re:Search isn't the product. (Score 1) 209
Even if Android wins, they still have to persuade carriers to keep Google as the default search provider. Gogole has no leverage over carriers because they give away the OS for free.
We've improved Slashdot's video section; now you can view our video interviews, product close-ups and site visits with all the usual Slashdot options to comment, share, etc. No more walled garden! It's a work in progress -- we hope you'll check it out (Learn more about the recent updates).
Even if Android wins, they still have to persuade carriers to keep Google as the default search provider. Gogole has no leverage over carriers because they give away the OS for free.
Your customers are the people who give you money. It's the advertisers, not app developers, who are Google's customers.
That's why Google can say that app stores aren't the future (some way to treat your "customers!") and why paid apps struggle to get any traction on the Google app marketplace.
Except the ones that do, by default, on the largest carrier in the USA.
Carriers don't default to Google's search on Android because it's Android. They do it because they think it's what their customers want, and/or Google pays them the most money. That can change overnight, and Android and Chrome (being open source) could not even lean against that wind, let alone stop it entirely.
It would be a big mistake for a company like this to produce any products. These companies exist only to license out IP they buy or otherwise "invent," and to sue non-licensees for patent infringement. If they were to produce a product, they would make themselves vulnerable to a countersuit.
Android is going to make Google billions in licensing
I'm not sure what there is to be licensed. The software is open source, so there's no licensing fees to be had there. I suppose they could license out the mark "Android," but that's a weak brand if I ever saw one.
I think Android is a big money sink for Google and they'll try to pawn off its development to the "community" within a few years. It may still help them in the long run by jump-starting the mobile web as an advertising space, but Google does not need to pay someone to make that happen.
Snapshots can take a lot of space!
Imagine you have a 5 GB movie file that you snapshot. If you then try to delete the file, you will not recover the space, because the snapshot holds onto the file. Effectively, the snapshot is consuming 5 GB.
"Unsung" asks whether ZFS is smart about how it removes snapshots as space is needed. This is a reasonable question with a trivial answer: no, because ZFS never removes snapshots, even if space is needed. It is the user's responsibility to remove snapshots.
I never cheated an honest man, only rascals. They wanted something for nothing. I gave them nothing for something. -- Joseph "Yellow Kid" Weil


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Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
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ELISA test resultsHello Dr. Bob:Six Months ago I practiced oral sex without protection protection and sex with penetration using protection, Two months later I started to experience some diseases like cadidiasis and pharyngitis.I took the ELISA HIV 1-2 TEST at 7...
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What Is HIV?...the actions taken against you), that put you at risk. Answer the following questions: Have you ever had vaginal, anal, or oral sex without a condom? Have you ever shared needles or syringes to inject drugs (including steroids or hormones)? ... Read more »
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11 weeks 2 days from my low risk intercouse.
Posted by sinso, 2 Replies...low risk but certainly is a risk. First situation was in 28 the February of this year with a woman escort. We had insertive oral sex (Cunnilingus) and receptive (Fellatio) unprotected oral sex and vaginal sex with condom. The second situation... Read more »
elisa test five years latter
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...After five years of my last low risk relation (oral sex, no cum), I made me a elisa test last week, it was negative, My question is Im HIV-? Read more »
Worried about oral sex
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...The other night I really messed up. I am a bi-sexual male. I received unprotected oral sex from someone whose HIV status I did not know. I found out later on that he had been with dozens and dozens of other partners. Read more »
Testing At 12 Weeks
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...I am wondering about the accuracy of the Elisa test at 12 weeks. I had oral sex with another male (both giving and receiving). He did not ejaculate in my mouth, but I'm not sure Read more »
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Guides for People With HIV


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I just want you all at MJM Magic to know that you guys are the greatest! Superb service and great prices. I will be ordering from you guys from now...Read More ->
This was my first time ordering from MJM Magic, I ordered 4 of the Crimson Decks on a Saturday at about 1 o'clock. I received my package the...Read More ->


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Product Details
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Great book. Shipping took longer
Than expected since it was
One soft bound book.
The title is "Popular Conventions" but even though Strong Opening Bids (2 clubs ) are covered extensively, weak twos are not. I think they should be covered together. Read morePublished 16 days ago by Lulu


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News releases
Vaccination must be scaled up in Ebola-affected countries
20 March 2015 -- A growing risk of outbreaks of measles, pertussis, and other vaccine-preventable diseases in countries affected by Ebola must be countered by urgent scaling up of routine immunization activities.
WHO calls on the world to "Gear up to End TB"
19 March 2015 -- As countries mark World Tuberculosis Day on March 24, WHO is calling for "global solidarity and action" to support a new 20-year strategy, which aims to end the global tuberculosis epidemic.
United Kingdom is declared free of Ebola virus disease
10 March 2015
Statement on the 4th IHR Emergency Committee meeting regarding the international spread of wild poliovirus
27 February 2015
Notes for the media
WHO Executive Board appoints Dr Matshidiso Moeti as new Regional Director for Africa
27 January 2015
Zsuzsanna Jakab elected for a second term as WHO Regional Director for Europe
27 January 2015


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—Karen Rosenthal, director of special species at Penn's School of Veterinary Medicine, on the dangers of welcoming these disease-carrying rodents into the home (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 26)
Originally published on April 17, 2003
Enter your email address to receive a weekly newsletter bringing you timely news stories about the Penn community.
Penn Current Express Archives
"It's a very confusing time. … This legislation has happened before we have a medical consensus about what to tell women."
— Emily Conant, a professor of radiology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, on laws in 21 states that require doctors to tell women they have dense breast tissue, which can raise their risk for cancer and hide abnormalities. New breast-imaging technologies promise to detect more cancers in women, but can bring more false alarms as well. (The Wall Street Journal, Feb. 23, 2015)
"It's a very confusing time. … This legislation has happened before we have a medical consensus about what to tell women."
Manager of Internal CommunicationsHeather A. Davis
Managing EditorGreg Johnson
Send your ideas and comments email@example.com
Copyright © 2015 Penn Current, Office of University of Pennsylvania
Office of University Communications, 200 Sansom Place East,
3600 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6106


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Join or Sign In
Very long quilt
Back of quilt
Sides of quilt
No two alike
some of the handkerchiefs
Quilt with shams
What materials did you use?
100% cotton and old handkerchiefs that belonged to my mother and grandmother. I also used my digitizing program to create the head and antenna. I put one block with the butterfly going in the opposite direction.
i have always wanted to make this one but i need the handkerchiefs
I bought handkerchiefs at auctions and garage sales.
Take Craftsy with you!
Craftsy Apps for iOS and Android. Read more »


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Thanks for taking the time to report this user.
Your participation helps keep Airbnb a safe and trusted
community, and it doesn't go unnoticed!
Live in San Diego. Run, bike, very active, go to restaurants
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Dana and Tyler are among our favorite guests. It is like having friends come to visit! They were here over Christmas and we had a really great time eating and drinking with them. We hope to get down to San Diego sometime and visit them down there. A pure pleasure!
Dana was a great guest. She left our guesthouse is excellent shape. She's a welcome addition to the Airbnb community.
Dana and her family took good care of our home during their stay. Sadly it rained every day but they apparently made the best of it.
Dana and her husband have visited us before and it was great to have them back. Unfortunately, we were on vacation during their visit but we know they are great guests based on a past visit and we hope to see them in the future as well!
Dana and her boyfriend spent a few days with us during March Madness. Wonderful couple, it was a pleasure to have them stay with us. Friendly, easy going, the perfect guests.
Everythings was great , i ll hope ........


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Let me know what you think! I went soaping crazy the other night!
oops, no link. Lets try that again.
In the meantime, here's the link:
Lets try this again!
Here is a link that might be useful: My soap
i got the link to come up, but just little red squares in the boxes....no soap?? Help.......
Ok, I loaded the pic on aol but it's huge! I will try to fix later :)
Here is a link that might be useful: pics


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SLITZ Magazine: Tutorial - How to download and read SLITZ Magazine for FREE (PDF magazine). SLITZ the recognized authority on sexiness. Packed with cutting-edge coverage of the wildest lifestyle, must-have toys, creative people, sexy bodies and other human obsessions. - Download your FREE copy now!
website: slitzmag.com
twitter: twitter.com/slitzmag
youtube: youtube.com/user/slitzmagazine
facebook: facebook.com/slitzmag
blog: slitzmag.wordpress.com
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Reflecting on Reflections - June 2014
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Audibility of a CD-Standard A/DA/A Loop Inserted into High-Resolution Audio Playback - September 2007
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AES E-Library
Pictures of 2-Channel Directional Reproduction Systems
We present a convenient method of comparing different surround-sound encoding systems using 2 transmission channels by means of graphical pictures. This PQ diagram allows the behaviour of systems to be compared by visual inspection. PQ diagrams are given of the following systems: stereo, BBC pairwise matrix H, system UHJ, and several versions of SQ, including optimal, Ghent and London box encoding. Also shown are pictures of head-related stereo, dummy-head binaural and Orban-type pseudo-stereo systems.
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Ratings based on 123 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.0 Room cleanliness
4.1 Service & staff
3.9 Room comfort
3.7 Hotel condition
They paid and stayed.
We double-checked.
We double-checked.
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Los Angeles
Great location, nice hotelPosted Jan 4, 2015
We had a suite. Nice, but not excellent. Very dated. Loud blower for heat. Room temp was hard to control, I was hot and cold all nigh. The trestaurant has a great location, lots of Windows with view of the Soo Locks, but we found the food very mediocre. Great spot, though. It would've been much nicer if the mall had also been excellent. Parking was super easy, close and free.
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Sheboygan, WI
Nice older facility with a touch of classPosted Dec 1, 2014
Pros: Very quiet. Comfortable and large room.
Location: We were only there over night but we enjoyed the locks and the town.
We had a very nice but short stay. The staff was excellent. We asked for a room viewing the locks and they took care of it. Very friendly staff that was dealing with a coach bus of guests the same night. The hotel was clean and tidy. Older decor but very comfortable and quiet. Looking forward to returning.
for Business Travelersby Billiefrom Baton Rouge
Visiting the area for work for a weekPosted Nov 9, 2014 on Hotels.com
My wife and I flew up there for business. We stayed at the hotel for 7 nights and were able to explore the area some. It appears that we were there in the low tourist season. It was fun, however. There are several restaurants within walking distance with acceptable to above average food. The hotel gym definitely is not their strong point. The pool is ok.
for Familiesby A verified travelerfrom Superior, WI
Location, location, locationPosted Oct 7, 2014
Pros: Location is perfect for ship viewing.
Cons: Staff was helpful, but not particularly friendly.
Location: Tourist shops and restaurants near by. Mini golf in season.
This hotel is right across the street from the park edging the Soo Locks. You can see boats entering and leaving the locks from your hotel room. That is the reason we stay here! The Expedia add says free breakfast, but it is actually a $2.50 voucher for the restaurant.
Recommendedby Dougfrom Traverse City
No Heat, No BreakfastPosted Sep 19, 2014 on Hotels.com
This was a september stay and the evening temps were in the 40's. It cooled off quite a bit in my room, but I could not get the heat to come on, when I called the front desk they said that they are on a boiler system and since more people were wanting A/C than heat they couldn't turn on the boiler. NOBODY wants A/C when it's 60 in your hotel room, they were just too cheap to provide heat. They used to provide a complimentary breakfast, but not anymore, now they just give you a $2.50 discount coupon. For no hassle with heat and a good breakfast I will definitely pay the extra $30 to stay at the Holiday Inn Express.
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Detroit
Location, Location, LocationPosted Sep 10, 2014
Pros: location
Cons: maintenance
A great location literally across the street from the Sault St Marie Locks. Unfortunately, neither the Ramada nor several other area hotels have many good views of the Locks from inside the rooms. The toilet in the room I stayed in ran every 5-10 minutes all night long. There was a puddle of water under the shut-off valve and another between the tub and toilet that I'm not sure where it came from. The cleaning staff cleaned good enough that just a bit of mildew was visible in the tub/floor seal. I arrived after the 3PM check-in time, was given my key card and arrived at the room to discover the maid was still in process of cleaning. Awkwardly, I left my luggage and took a walk while she finished. The area around the locks is very walkable with plenty of restaurants and souvenir shops. I have had much larger, nicer rooms in more modern buildings for the money but it is a great location.
for Everyoneby A verified travelerfrom Tranverse City, Mi
Oldie but GoodiePosted Sep 9, 2014
Pros: Convenient location, Friendly staff
Cons: Maybe some additional refurbishing maintenance of the facility.
Location: Commented above............
The Ojibway is 86 years old, and retains the charm of that era, yet offers the convenience of the modern day. It's location is very convenient, as it is located approximately one block from the locks, and right on a popular street that has many shops, restaurants, and bars. If your booking here you need to understand that this is an "Oldie but Goodie" first, if your good with that....Book a stay!
for Familiesby A verified traveler
Posted Sep 6, 2014 on Hotels.com
Recommendedby Arunfrom Columbus
Posted Sep 3, 2014 on Hotels.com
Stay was good, The restaurant attached with it is a trash, especially when you go with the breakfast coupons they give. They treated us as if we were there with food coupons and served some dry & Old food after about 40 minutes of wait.
by A verified traveler
Hotel AccomodationsPosted Sep 2, 2014
Pros: The location
Cons: Everything could be improved upon. The staff could be more attentive. If you are providing service, then you should provide it. They did not.
Location: The location was great to everything around
The hotel is a perfect location if they only had staff that was competent to handle guests. We wanted to have dinner at the hotel and waited in line for 20 minutes before leaving as we never were asked how many was in the party or acknowledged that we were even there. As least 10 others were in line as well. No one came to acknowledge any of us. There were many tables empty as guest had left and wanted to know why we were not seated. We finally left and had dinner at an outside restaurant. The complementary breakfast we were told was being discontinued and we had a limited choice of what was available. Oatmeal, toast, scrambled eggs only and bacon w/toast, fruit and toast and if you wanted to order off the menu they would give you $2.50 off your meal. Upon arriving for the breakfast, we were seated and then left to sit for another 20 minutes before I asked a waitress if we could get coffee. Got the coffee and waited another 20 minutes before I asked a waitress if we could order breakfast. No sense of order in the restaurant.


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Anime is not a hobby, it's a lifestyle!
6,736 total episodes
Det er svært at lade vær
thank you :)
Nice avatar, although a .gif file would be better.
Go out, search the internet, and find a awesome .gif file :D
Nice anime list btw.
If you liked or , you'd like the other because...


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"Great little backpacker place with a bohemian vibe" Chillout Hostel Tip by cachaseiro
Chillout Hostel, Istanbul: 45 reviews and 3 photos
I have stayed a couple of times at the Chillout Hoatel in Istanbul and it's a great little place if you like a chilled out bohemian atmosphere and do not mind that the accomodation is a little simple.
The place has both private rooms and dorms and i have always opted for the private rooms as i am getting a little old and comfortable.
The private rooms are simple, but painted in fancy colors and i am totally happy with these rooms even if i have to s´hare bathrooms with the other rooms on the floor where i stay.
Staff there is very genuinely friendly and makes the stay even better.
They have a nice common area downstairs where you have a nice sitting are where they have free wifi and they sell beer at the common area too for low prices.
Unique Qualities: Friendly place in a great location.
Address: Balyoz Sok. 17-19 Istiklal Cad.Asmalimescid Mah. Beyoglu, Asmalimescit mah. Taksim - Beyoglu, Istanb
Price Comparison: less expensive than average
Directions: The Chillout Hostel is located in the taksim area so if you plan to go out at night then this is a good place to stay as you can walk home from the main bar district in 5-10 minutes and will not need a taxi.
Price: US$20-40
Theme: Hostel
More Hotels in Istanbul (6)
More Reviews (22)
Transportation (3)See All Getting to and from Ataturk...
Local Customs (2)See All Chestnut sellars.
Things to Do (8)See All Taksim square.
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Chief Justice returns fire after judge's criticism
Amy Remeikis 11:50 AM Chief Justice Tim Carmody has returned fire after an "attack" leveled against him by a retiring Supreme Court judge, claiming Alan Wilson's "behaviour" was the "best argument yet for an independent judicial commission".
Latest state news
Search for body in water at Palm Beach
Jorge Branco 12:57 PM A large-scale search is underway in waters off the Gold Coast after reports of a body in the water.
LNP launches Queensland Senate race
Cameron Atfield 12:22 PM The race to replace Brett Mason as a Liberal National Party senator has officially begun, with a call for nominations circulated on Friday morning.
Question Time: Queensland Parliament, Friday, March 27
Amy Remeikis 12:16 PM
'Terrified' jewellery store staff hide from robber with hammer
Jorge Branco 12:11 PM A jewellery store's assistant manager has described how "terrified" staff members hid in the bathroom as a man armed with a hammer snatched $20,000 worth of goods.
Judge slams his chief justice
Amy Remeikis 11:51 AM Chief Justice Tim Carmody had privately referred to his judicial colleagues as "snakes" and "scum" while publicly calling for judges to "maintain civility and courtesy", a retiring Supreme Court Justice has said, as the discontent between the judiciary and their leader once again bubbles to the surface.
Ashleigh Humphrys hit-and-run: Owner of 'dark sedan' found dead
Jorge Branco 9:21 AM The owner of a car seized as part of the investigation into the hit-and-run death of 20-year-old Brisbane woman Ashleigh Humphrys has been found dead.
Two men charged after separate attacks on children
Jorge Branco 8:56 AM Police have charged a man with murder after the 18-month-old boy he allegedly tortured died in hospital.
Brave Brisbane girl's battle with rare disorder
Jorge Branco 8:50 AM For the parents of a Brisbane girl with one of the world's rarest diseases, just understanding what their daughter is living with would be a huge step.
Man charged with Queensland toddler's murder
6:43 AM Boy, 18 months old, dies after being taken to hospital in critical condition.
Murray Watt firms in Labor Senate race
Cameron Atfield 1:00 AM Make-up of Labor's Queensland Senate ticket takes shape.
Crime persists despite Collombet death
Kristian Silva 9:51 PM Small drop in inner-city area where French student was killed.
Brothers' funerals inspire life of change
Tobi Loftus 1:00 AM Craig Holloway's mission is to help youth break cycle of poverty, abuse.
Roar coach cited for post-match outburst
Beth Newman 9:10 PM The FFA has issued Roar coach Frans Thijssen with a "please explain'' after a post-match outburst on Sunday.
Oh deer, feral neighbours moving in
Tobi Loftus 1:00 AM Wild deer are moving into urban areas around Brisbane.
Party precinct reforms served up
Amy Remeikis 1:00 AM Queensland, last drinks and lock-outs are coming.
Enoch to tackle Stradbroke changes
Tony Moore 1:00 AM Queensland's first indigenous minister targets land-use issues.
Monster Slide event rejected by council
Kristian Silva 8:00 PM Council rejects event due to noise, parking, contamination concerns.
Facebook steps up suicide prevention
Kristian Silva 1:00 AM Tool to allow users to report concerning posts from friends.
Taking charge in electric car market
Jorge Branco 1:00 AM Brisbane company becomes major player in US electric car market.
Bleijie slammed as 'incompetent'
Amy Remeikis 1:00 AM "Confidentiality meant nothing to Bleijie", says former Bar head.
Storm warning issued for south-east
Cameron Atfield 5:35 PM A storm warning has been issued for Queensland's south-east after cells began forming west of Brisbane on Thursday afternoon.
Technology brings dinosaurs to life
Natalie Bochenski 5:13 PM "Boy, have animatronic dinosaurs come a long way."
Treat rugby league drug users like outlaw bikie gang: police union official
Amy Remeikis 4:01 PM A Queensland Police Union official has advocated for the legislation to be expanded to include those recently caught up in the NRL cocaine scandal.
Safety concerns over school maintenance
Amy Remeikis 3:44 PM Auditor-General labels Newman funding a 'stop-gap solution'.
Fire-ravaged Valley complex still at risk
Tony Moore 2:09 PM Non-compliance issues plague Cathedral Place, site of $9m blaze.
Man hit by train south of Brisbane
Jorge Branco 1:38 PM A man is in a serious condition in hospital after being hit by a train south of Brisbane.
Bruce Highway mystery: Sixteen cars with flat tyres
Jorge Branco Authorities are still scratching their heads over what caused punctures to more than a dozen cars on the Bruce Highway north of Brisbane.
Gloves already off as Premier blasts LNP 'failures'
Amy Remeikis It only took a moment for the Queensland parliament to return to normal, with the government shedding the conciliatory nature which marked the last two days of ceremony in favour of a laundry list of the previous government's sins.
Second measles case in Brisbane in one month
Kristian Silva A second person in Brisbane has contracted measles this month, however authorities say it is not linked to a man diagnosed after attending an NRL game.
A slim majority is enough
As Queensland's new Labor minority government sits down to determine its immediate priorities, it faces a difficult choice: hasten slowly, or seize the day?
Newman's 'zombie role' as decision looms
Labor will "almost certainly" be allowed to form government in Queensland as a caretaker government "can't go on forever".
LNP 'well ahead': Katters
While Labor is likely to form government, the Katters are leaning towards the LNP but "a sneeze could change government". Nine News
Newman must 'resign his commission'
Labor says Campbell Newman should resign at "6.01pm" Tuesday night but the LNP says they are trying to "snatch the keys to the Executive Building".
Labor will 'restore good government'
Key independents vow to "work with anyone" as Labor is favoured to win government after an historic Queensland election. Nine News
LNP must 'eat humble pie'
Katter party MPs say it will be 'very difficult to negotiate' with a Tim Nicholls led LNP.
Prepare for another election: Seeney
A new minority government will be a "complete disaster": Seeney.
Storm pounds Gold Coast
Hail, lightning and powerful winds hit the Gold Coast on Tuesday afternoon. Nine News
Violent storm lashes city
A violent storm swept quickly across Brisbane on November 27, causing widespread damage.
Qld research could save soldiers' lives
Scientists developing a drug to help troops critically wounded on battlefield.
New honour tolls for CQ flying ace
One of Queensland's most important historical figures will be honoured in Italy next year.
Schoolies 2014: It's not all about the children
Our hearts are full of pride for our kids, but there's a part which feels a little heavy.
Photos could hold key to coral health
Qld researchers analysing half a million photographs in a bid to understand coral.
Obama puts Qld tourism tagline back on map
"Beautiful one day, and then perfect the next" - US President a tourism operator's dream.
G20 protesters burn Australian flag
Indigenous protesters set fire to the Australian flag at Roma Street Parklands on Sunday.
Barack Obama's "Brisbane speech" in full
US President Barack Obama gives a rousing speech at the University of Queensland during the G20 summit
Brisbane comes of age, again, with G20
Bravo, Brisbane. Your tag as a "new world city" has been justified.
Push to keep Brisbane sign
Having a permanent Brisbane sign is "under discussion" with plans to "create a better city" after the successful G20 summit.


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Bucks County
Bucks County News
Now Hiring - 4-H Paid Summer Internship
March 4, 2015Bucks County's 4-H program is looking for interns!
Bucks County Annual Meeting
February 18, 2015The Bucks County Annual Meeting will highlight the Extension and 4-H programming from 2014.
Winter Tree Maintenance
February 6, 2015Are trees not top-of-mind during the winter? Maybe they should be. Winter is an ideal time to inspect tree branches for defects, decay, or structural issues without the camouflage of leaves. Wounds, decay cavities, crooked growth, and weak branch unions are problems in the making that can be more easily spotted when the trees are bare.
Penn State Extension News
Timber 2015 expo a showcase for Pennsylvania forest products industry
March 27, 2015Pennsylvania's large forest-products industry will be showcased during the 2015 Forest Products Equipment and Technology Exposition, June 5-6 at Penn State's Ag Progress Days site at Rock Springs. Known as Timber 2015, the biennial trade exposition is hosted by the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences and the Pennsylvania Forest Products Association. Parking and admission are free.
Turning pollution into crop nutrients to be focus of 2015 Manure Expo
March 16, 2015As agricultural groups and government agencies continue to tackle the vexing problem of nutrient pollution entering waterways, Penn State Extension is hosting an event in the heart of the Chesapeake Bay watershed aimed at helping producers to reduce negative impacts of excess manure nutrients. The 2015 North American Manure Expo will take place July 14-15 near Chambersburg, Franklin County.
Land-use webinar to focus on planning to protect water supplies
March 13, 2015Planning for and protecting public and private water supplies will be the topic of a Web-based seminar offered by Penn State Extension at noon on March 18.
Upcoming Regional Events
Living on a Few Acres
When: March 4 - April 8, 2015Where: Doylestown, PA
Arborist Short Course
Event CanceledWhen: April 1-9, 2015Where: Collegeville, PA
When: April 6, 2015Where: Doylestown, PA
Vegetable Diseases and Pests
When: April 6, 2015Where: Nazareth, PA
Organic Gardening Methods and Techniques
When: April 6, 2015Where: Nazareth, PA


text:
5 months ago
I used to believe in things like Faith and Destiny but then I realized they were just stripper names.
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