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Real-life linking book from Myst for sale at $15k
In Myst, the successful graphic adventure video game released by Cyan back in 1993, linking books are written by the D'Ni people using a process known simply as "the Art." The purpose of these linking books is to transport people to other worlds known to the D'Ni as Ages. Linking books play an integral part in Myst and its sequels, and now a working replica of one has been created. Not "working" in the sense that it can transport the reader to other ages, but working in the sense that the Cyan games can be played using this real-life version of the linking book. Read More
On April 1, 1976, a new company was established to sell a ready-made personal computer designed and built by Steve Wozniak. The first Apple computers were assembled in the family garage of business partner and friend Steve Jobs and sold to the Byte Shop for US$500 each, subsequently retailing for $666.66. The rest, as they say, is history. Apple has since become a colossal consumer electronics concern, and of the 200 or so Apple I computers ever produced, only 43 have survived. Of those, just six are still in working order and one of those is scheduled to hit the auction block in Germany next month. Read More
Motorola Solutions has released its own head-mounted wearable computer based on Kopin Corporation's Golden-i headset. Aimed at industrial and military users who need to keep their hands free on the job while viewing documents and schematics or getting help from far afield specialists, the Motorola HC1 Headset Computer places an 800 x 600 (SVGA) full color TFT micro-display at a viewing distance that provides a virtual image size of 15 inches. In keeping with the hands-free theme, the headset can be controlled via voice recognition and gesture controls. Read More
Algorithm turns computers into art experts
Making broad differentiations between modern and classic paintings can be fairly easy for the untrained eye, but telling the difference between an Impressionist and a Post-Impressionist painting may require a certain knowledge of art history. Well, it ain't necessarily so when it comes to computers. An algorithm created and tested by computer scientists Lior Shamir and Jane Tarakhovsky, of Lawrence Technological University in Michigan, produced surprisingly accurate and expert results in art analysis. Read More
HiRise stand lets you choose how high your iMac sits
While many of us buy stands in order to raise our computer monitors to eye level, most of those come preset to a certain height. The HiRise for iMac, however, which incorporates the base of any size of iMac or other Apple display, allows users to choose from six different height settings. Read More
Pioneer Electronics has taken its first step into the world of performance cycling with the launch of its new Cyclocomputer and Pedaling Monitor at this year's Interbike show in Las Vegas. In addition to displaying speed, distance, time, power and cadence, the computer can also show exactly where power is lacking within the monitored pedaling rotation. The crank-based monitor system is designed to work with Shimano DURA-ACE crank sets and is made up of sensors and ANT+ wireless transmitters that feed data back to a paired computer. Read More
Hama launches gorgeous Ecoline Bamboo keyboard and mouse
Accessory specialist Hama has added some bamboo wired and wireless keyboards and mice to its expanding EcoLine range, which already includes "liquid wood" mobile phone cases and laptop cases made from recycled PET bottles. Read More
From HAL 9000 in Arthur C Clarke's Space Odyssey science fiction saga to Eddie and Deep Thought from the Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, or even Dr. Theopolis from Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, voice interaction with computers was very much the stuff of science fiction when I was growing up. These days, of course, I can use my voice to tell an iPod touch to change music or get convincingly beaten in a TV game show by IBM's Watson but when shopping for a new computer, available options still depend on physical touch for input and visuals for output. The folks behind the ubiquitous computer (or Ubi for short) are hoping to change that by launching an affordable, unobtrusive and useful little box that's always ready and waiting to tell you what you need to know. Read More
Tambour Table allows for clutter-free computing
Tambour doors on computer cabinets or home entertainment units—even innovative ones like Lista Office's Mindport—are fairly common, but designer Michael Bambino has put a new spin on the concept with a computer desk called simply Tambour Table. Managing to be both stylish and practical, Tambour Table is designed to make for clutter-free computing, which will likely appeal to those with minimalist sensibilities. Read More
blink(1) adds some flash to your computer
Our computers are already pretty good at alerting us to things that happen on the internet or on their own hard drives, mainly through the use of pop-ups. We all know what can often happen, however ... we get rid of those pesky notifications in order to finish up what we're currently doing, and then forget about them until we're logging off. A physical flashing light attached to the computer, however, would be harder to forget yet also less obtrusive than a pop-up. That's the idea behind the blink(1) USB indicator light. Read More
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Indulge in the eclectic flavors of this renowned West End London neighborhood famous for its fascinating shops, restaurants, pubs, and cafes.
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Vote » Best Card Game
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Stand on the knife's edge between risk and reward. The turn of a single card can win bags of treasure or lose it all in this simple and strategic ga[...]
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Keep Your Head Up: America's New Black Christian Leaders, Social Consciousness, and the Cosby Conversation - eBook
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CBDReader App for Android
Using your Android device, you can download the CBDReader App directly from the Android Market. First, click on the 'Apps' icon from your main screen.
On the app screen, click 'Market' or 'Play Store'.
Click the spy glass icon and search 'CBDReader'.
Click 'Free'.
Click 'Install'.
Click 'Accept and download' to affirm the terms and conditions.
Click 'Open' to open the reader.
Log in with your CBD account and all the eBooks you've purchased on the Christianbook.com website will be automatically added to your device.
Have questions about eBooks? Check out our eBook FAQs.
Product Information
|Format: DRM Free ePub
Vendor: Crossway Books & Bibles
Publication Date: 2012
Availability: In Stock
Publisher's Description
"The black community is in trouble," writes Anthony Bradley. Systemic issues are perpetuating a chronic plague on not only African-American society, but the black church in particular.
Continuing the renowned "Cosby Conversation," first started in 2007 by Bill Cosby and Dr. Alvin Poussaint, Bradley has assembled a team of pastors, scholars, and leaders to address specific issues within the black community. Bradleys volume features contributions from himself, Vincent Bacote, Ralph C. Watkins, Eric M. Mason, Anthony Carter, Craig Mitchell, and others.
Covering a variety of topics, including victim mentality, hip-hop, masculinity, and the prosperity gospel, this book will open readers eyes to the serious challenges facing the black church today. It will not leave readers without hope, however, as each contributor brings the conversation back to the Bible and the gospel as the only source of true, enduring change.
-LeCrae Moore,
hip-hop artist, Reach Records
Keep Your Head Up challenges the churches to not let traditions and culture keep them from missing the past two generations of young people who have been unchurched. Bradley encourages the church to be intentional in building open, listening relationships with those who have been influenced by hip-hop and gangsta rap. The church must become more user-friendly to these dear ones in our communities.
-Donovan Case,
President, African Americans For Missions (AAFM)
Dr. Bradleys call for psychological and spiritual wholeness is a daring, needed charge to our ethnic communities. It is my hope that the thorough brand of freedom he envisions will accompany the resurgence of the gospel in our cities and families.
-Jason Wright,
7-year NFL veteran; MBA Candidate, University of Chicago, Booth School of Business
Keep Your Head Up is candid, convicting, and balanced. Bradley assembles a great team of Christian thinkers who create a dialog between Augustine, Bell, Hooks, Ice Cube, and William Julius Wilson on one hand and Bill Cosby, Alvin Poussaint, and Eric Michael Dyson on the other. The writers provide great cultural, statistical, and historical analysis of the Come On, People and Is Bill Cosby Right? approaches to complex social issues within Black America and of how far we have to go to overcome. Along the way, they redefine black church, black theology, and what it means to be African-American, producing a fresh new call for the church to hear the truth. This is a significant discussion needed in every church in America so that the One New Man can solve the institutionalized and self-inflicted problems facing the African-American community. This work demonstrates that the applied gospel in the hands of the church of Jesus Christ is sufficient to meet the needs of a community that often still faces the reality of living in a present hell.
-Eric C. Redmond,
Senior Pastor, Reformation Alive Baptist Church, Temple Hills, Maryland
There has been an epidemic among African-Americans for many generations. I am excited that this book highlights the reality of the epidemic from a Christ-centered paradigm, focusing on him and not the false American dream of pulling yourself up by your bootstraps. I pray this book alarms the redeemed to the reality of this call. This is a generational issue that beckons the talents, resources, visions, and gifts from the body of Christ at large.
-Adam Thomason,
Lead Teaching Pastor, Damascus Road, Flint, Michigan; author, Red Revolution: Seeing the World Through the Lens of Christ
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Salt Life
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Available in Medium, Large, X Large
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Model - SLM028


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michiganpat michiganpat is offline
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|06:53 AM - michiganpat quoted shibby927 in post 2015 Charger Owners Check In - Questions/Impressions
Traded in my 2013 R/T AWD in R...
|06:11 AM - michiganpat quoted NANDO in post Emblem on Fascia or not.....What do you think?
I just like the look of bo...
|11:40 AM - WideBlueEyes quoted michiganpat in post what are the biggest or widest tire I can fit on the police rims.
255/55R18....29.1" tall, will ha...
|05:31 AM - michiganpat quoted a14umbra in post Need help choosing a Charger
If you're looking at pre 2011...
|07:18 AM - HemiLonestar quoted michiganpat in post 255's on stock r/t rims
well, tire manufacturers usually...
|09:10 AM - michiganpat quoted HemiLonestar in post 255's on stock r/t rims
I went with 245's on the 18's, 25...
|07:14 AM - teh_longinator quoted michiganpat in post Chrome Peeling From Edges of Rims
the damaged part is actually the...
|06:30 AM - michiganpat quoted Toxic11 in post Hello Charger Friends...
Any documentation on how tha...
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so it's an AWD? you could mask t...
|06:39 AM - michiganpat quoted Toxic11 in post Hello Charger Friends...
Beautiful car. I have the ...
|06:15 PM - michiganpat quoted PokeydadsRT in post any 2015 rt/rt plus with the body color fascia applique on here?
I'm in for the black, also. s...
|09:18 AM - Rob440Magnum quoted michiganpat in post 2016 info/rumors/news...
hate to break it to you, but the...
|06:43 AM - michiganpat quoted Rob440Magnum in post 2016 info/rumors/news...
I guess it may depend upon how 20...
|11:56 AM - michiganpat quoted Toxic11 in post Hello Charger Friends...
I missed that originally, I ...
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welcome from another toxic R/T o...
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|05:09 PM - Ddaddy quoted michiganpat in post 2015 Charger information
actually, the differences betwee...
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Not quite. What you are re...
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Chrissy Teigen was spotted at the MusiCares Person Of The Year Celebration in LA with her fiancé John Legend in a look from Marchesa's Resort 2013 collection and a $795 Yves Saint Laurent Belle du Jour Clutch:
Such a cute couple! I'm loving her drop earrings.
Check out her look from the brand's Resort 2013 collection. Chrissy wore the longer gown version for a slightly more formal look.
Her classic clutch features the fashion house's topstitched, raised logo in metallic leather.
What do you think? Hot! or Hmm…?
Looks better on the model. Such a hard dress to pull off. Sorry Chrissy big miss.
I don't think so – her skin tone goes very well with the colour of the dress.
old lady dress!! Fab ol lady but still!!
shes way too gorgeous for this
I don't like this dress at all…


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Current Shows
A House without a Bird
For thirty years, Abbas and his wife have been looking for their daughter who they lost during the war. When they take out a new ad for a missing person in the newspaper, a young lady shows up claiming to be their long-lost daughter. A DNA test confirms that she is indeed Abbas's daughter, bringing joy to their lives. But the new discovery also threatens to reveal a deep dark secret that Abbas has been hiding all these years which could tear their family apart.Read More
It's near the new-year holidays and an apartment is about to change hands from one tenant to the next when an accident for the landlord leaves both families claiming rights to the apartment. With nowhere else to live, these two very different families have to learn to get along and live in the same house while trying to resolve the problem.Read More
The Sound of Rain
Taha's a successful businessman and a widower living with his five year old daughter. On a business trip to Turkey, he gets framed for smuggling drugs and sentenced to life in prison, so he entrusts everything he's got, including his daughter, to his nephew. After twenty years, Taha gets released and comes back home, but things aren't exactly as he'd left them, and he soon realizes he may have put his trust in the wrong people.Read More
Zero Degree Turn
A young Iranian man travels to Paris to study. There, he meets and falls in love with a young Jewish woman. But when World War Two breaks out, he's forced to return home and helps smuggle the woman and her mother back to Iran to save them from the Nazis who've occupied France. With Iran itself occupied by foreign forces, the young man helps launch a newspaper focused on preserving and promoting the country's heritage and culture, as political intrigues threaten to destroy everything he holds dear.Read More
Showtime Schedule
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We here at iFILM do our best to have a direct link with our viewers. What suggestions do you have for us to have an even better connection?
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- Hello am one of your funs, pls I love that movie CHEF pls show it again. I love u all and thanks for contributing into my days
- Hello IFILM. Happy new year.I am 7 years old and i really enjoy watching your channel. My favorite channel is fall of an angel.I wanted to know when is the last episode of fall of an angel? I also liked watching 3x4 and four wheels. They are very funny. Thank you so much for your channel.
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|Lowest Recommended Age:
|Kindergarten - 3rd Grade
|MPAA Rating:
|Rated PG for mild action and some rude humor
|Movie Release Date:
|March 27, 2015
"Home" is a cute and colorful movie about an alien invasion with an important safety tip concerning one of the most destructive forces in the universe, something devastating to every known life form. Yes, it is hitting the dreaded "send to all."
This is the catastrophe that strikes Oh (Jim Parsons), part of an alien invasion by the Boov, a civilization known for their primary cultural attribute — running away from danger, from problems, and from learning that some of what they believe about the universe may not be right. They are led by the egotistical Smek (Steve Martin), never in doubt and always willing to cut off any disagreement by smacking his fellow Boov with his "susher," a staff topped by a rock he grabbed during his last unsuccessful negotiation with a terrifying armored alien Commander of a race called Gorg. The Gorg want to destroy the Boov, so the Boov are constantly seeking planets where they can hide. Earth seems homey, so they vacuum up all of the humans and send them off to Australia and settle into their new domicile.
The Boov are not much for socializing, but Oh wants to make friends. He sends out invitations to a housewarming party, but accidentally hits "send to all," and "all" somehow includes the Gorg. Oh has just alerted their worst enemy to their location. This is one too many mistakes for him (Boov are allowed just three and he is well over that), so he runs away. And that is how he meets Gratuity "Tip" Tucci (Rihanna), a plucky middle-schooler with a cat named Pig. Tip was missed by the Boov vacuums because Pig was on her head so she was not identified as human.
When Oh fixes Tip's car and promises to help her find her mother, the two of them (plus Pig) go off on a wild ride that includes an upside-down floating Eiffel Tower, plugging themselves into the Boov brain trust network (with a very funny joke about passwords), and, of course, learning a little bit about each other and themselves.
It's nice to see a person of color as the lead in an animated film and Rihanna gives a warm, spirited vocal performance as Tip, who shares her West Indies heritage. The character design is cute but uninspired. Same for the storyline. But it is bright and colorful — literally. The Boov turn a crayon box of colors to show their emotions. And the briefly glimpsed Gorg add some zingy sharp angles. Playful touches start right at the beginning, with Oh fishing off the Dreamworks logo. The Slushious car, decked out with convenience store staples, is a hoot. And kids will enjoy seeing Oh learn about life on earth, something they know a little about.
Parents should know that this film has some potty humor, mild peril, and cartoon-style violence, and some sci-fi-style scary images.
Family discussion: When do you feel "sad-mad?" Why did Tip decide to be friends with Oh? What was the best thing about the Slushious car?
If you like this, try: "Monsters vs. Aliens" and "Megamind" and the book that inspired this film, The True Meaning of Smekday, by Adam Rex.


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|Reviews for Children of Circumstance
| Ribke D'Crazy chapter 10 . 10/24/2014
Awww, Vades' first force choke!
| Lizabethia chapter 1 . 7/19/2014
oOo Anakin on a ship with the fiance of Padme?! Not good! Interesting twist to gaps in AOTC plot! Love it! Fav line: Anakin thinking WWOD? What Would ObiWan Do. Ha!
| QueenNaberrie chapter 24 . 12/8/2013
So sweet. :,) BRAVO!
| J.R chapter 24 . 6/4/2012
I've come back to read this fic three times now; it's such an awesome AU story. Thanks for taking the time to write this!
| brooklynturtle chapter 24 . 4/2/2012
Whoa. I'm speechless. Need I say more?
| ClaMiAl chapter 24 . 3/9/2012
Oh, wow! I love this fic. The Anakin/Padmé relationship was beautifully described. This one definitely goes on my favourites list.
| IS chapter 1 . 6/14/2011
Interesting start.
| Star Dust of Ancient Novae chapter 24 . 5/15/2011
| Tenages chapter 24 . 4/7/2011
It was well written and poetic. I felt your characterizations, however, were weak. Obi-Wan wasn't at all believable and didn't ring true to his characterization in the movies. Padme's again, didn't ring true. It felt like you decided to take her character directly from the evening conversation on Naboo and ignore any further character developement that had happened.
Also I didn't like your take on the Jedi Order. If they were as reactionary and bullying as you make them out to be, there would be a hell of a lot more than the "Lost 20." In your efforts to create and show a conflict between Anakin and the Order you've rendered them little more than a caricature.
Also, I thought your politics could use work. There's no reason to believe that alliances and treaties in Star Wars are formed through marital alliances. It's difficult to legally enforce and doesn't feel like the Star Wars universe. Also, it makes absolute zero sense for Naboo, a planet predicated on democracy to agree to them. Furthermore, the Nabooan fear of incurcsion by the Dlains didn't really make much sense. The Republic is at war with an army. The Supreme Chancellor is a native of Naboo. Any threat to the planet and he'll instantly be sending a fleet. Naboo is in one of the most secure positions of any planet in the galaxy.
All criticisms aside, it worked pretty well as it's own story. However, you contend that it's a follow up to your two earlier stories, and it's just not consistent with the tone or actions taken in them, especially in Hour of Souls.
| kihakukage chapter 1 . 10/9/2010
| Senatorial Jedi chapter 24 . 4/9/2010
Wow, just wow. Can I just say that you should be a starwars author, that was so in character and so well written i cant express how good it was. You have a great talent, going to your profile to read more lol May the force be with you always! 10 out of 10 loved it!
| ibelieveintruelove chapter 24 . 3/12/2009
Ahh I love this story! All of your characters and their relationships are so real and heartwrenching. Anakin and Padme's love is so strong, but I fear what will happen to them. And Little Bale is so sweet! I love her :-) I'm actually almost done with the sequel Winds of Change, when I realized that in my hurry to find out what happened next I had forgotten to leave a review, lol. So here's one now: I love your work! :D
| Vas Happenin 1D13 chapter 1 . 8/30/2008
| Jonathan Drake chapter 24 . 6/25/2008
To the worthy author of an illuminating journey through this dark forest-
The ample stylistic elegance of your work makes me smile (pay attention, "When the soul flies, so do the feet."). Greater still, though, than those perceptively written moments of elation and disappointment in Padme's and Anakin's fortune-tossed lives is the deeply responsible thought surrounding your presentation of the Star Wars story. It is so very important to think about what is important.
I think I detect considerable influence from Paradise Lost here and possibly The Comedy. How hard humanity has wrestled with destiny and free will! Have you read Consolation of Philosophy?
The Anakin in me hates you for sending the "forbidden" couple down the canon road to destruction, assuming I've not lost my way while reading. The Padme in me is determined to ameliorate that anger, at least until I see where the sequel goes. I only regret being 6 years tardy in discovering it.
| Hokage-sama Naruto chapter 24 . 6/8/2008
loved it...


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BlackBerry unveiled its first touch screen smartphone BlackBerry Z10 yesterday at Sydney.
Some of the main features of the smartphones are the BlackBerry Hub, a screen displaying chosen sources for messages, email, and social network feeds. The hub is always a flick away so that users can instantly read and reply to incoming messages, and return to the task at hand.
Another defining point is gestures, or swipes. This allows you to activate the phone from sleep, for accessing applications, the calendar and settings.
BlackBerry is known for its security that made it popular in the workplace. To enhance workplace security, there is separate work and personal use storage. The feature becomes available when a user connects to the internet at workplaces that use the company's new enterprise server.
The new BlackBerry smartphone will enter the battlefield of smartphones. One of the popular smartphones now is LG Nexus 4.
The Google-LG Nexus 4 boasts a 4.7 inch screen display with 1280x768 resolution, 1.5GHz Snapdragon S4 Pro quad-core processor, 8 MP camera and 2100 mAh battery.
The LG Nexus 4 also has WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, NFC Android Beam, Bluetooth, 2100 mAh Lithium polymer battery, Microphone, Accelerometer, Ambient light, Compass, Gyroscope, Barometer and GPS.
The new Google-LG smartphone will run with the new Android 4.2 Jelly Bean, which promises new features upgrade such as better camera options and controls. This has become the selling point of the device.
Below is the comparison of the two smartphones.
Screen Display - The BlackBerry Z10 sports a 4.2 inch screen display with 1280x768 pixel resolution. Despite having a 4.7-inch screen size, LG Nexus 4 has 768x1280 pixel resolution and users can expect clearer and sharper interface.
Processor -LG Nexus 4 has a quad core processor clocked at 1.5GHz with 2GB of RAM, which will go against Z10's 1.5GHz dual core processor.
Operating System - LG Nexus 4 still has the most recent Android OS with its 4.2 version of Jelly Bean. BlackBerry's new smartphone will run with BB10 OS.
Storage - LG Nexus 4 is available in 8GB and 16GB variant. BlackBerry Z10 has 16GB internal storage with microSD slot for additional storage up to 64GB.
Camera - Both smartphones will have 8MP rear shooter.
Battery - The BlackBerry Z10 has 1800 mAh battery which is bested by LG Nexus 4's 2100 mAh battery.
Price and Availability - LG Nexus 4 costs $299 in Google Play Store. However, the smartphone is currently sold out and buying from third party retailers can be quite expensive. BlackBerry Z10 will be released in March via Australian carriers Telstra and Optus.


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Wine 1.5.18 Improves Windows Codecs
Published on 23 November 2012 04:04 PM EST
Written by
Michael Larabel
2 Comments
It's time for another bi-weekly Wine development release. This time around there's scattered changes from Windows Codecs to Wine's built-in web-browser.
The official changes include:
- Various Windows Codecs improvements.
- Fixes for OLE database support.
- Improvements to system parameters management.
- Some fixes to the built-in Web browser.
- Fixes for XML support.
- Various bug fixes.
More details on the Wine 1.5.18 development release are outlined in the release notes on
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Top 10 Imperatives for Insurers in 2013
Innovation and the consumer experience top Strategy Meets Action's list of the most important action items to make this year a successful one.
Photos courtesy of Fotolia and Thinkstock.
1. Innovate for advantage
The pace of innovation in insurance is accelerating. Insurers are transforming their individual companies and stirring up the industry as a whole. By continually rethinking, reinventing, reimagining and/or retooling products, services and processes, experiences are transformed and game-changing results achieved.
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The first CTS-V, introduced in 2004 with 400 hp, was a fun car. Most memorably, it was available only with manual transmission-not a notably smooth-shifting box, but a first for Cadillac since World War II and a signal that the company was serious about wooing performance-car buyers.
Time Off » Hot Wheels: Low-level Flying
February 1, 2009
December 1, 2008
The best thing that could have happened to Rolls-Royce and Bentley did happen about a decade ago, when Vickers offloaded these once-revered but faded brands to BMW and VW, respectively. Now a Roller is a Roller again, a shamelessly magnificent execution of automotive opulence and serenity.
October 1, 2008
To a car driver deprived of his view of the road ahead, an SUV hogging the left lane is hardly a welcome sight. The longer it sits there, the more deeply the car driver ponders its often wasteful bulk, its appetite for gasoline and how brilliant it would be to confine these bloated conveyances to their own clogged stream over there on the far right. Who could possibly love an SUV?
August 1, 2008
Aircraft and car builders over the years have mined the alphabet and assayed certain letters as precious metal-GT, R, S, X and Z come to mind-but one five-letter word still stands alone as the medal for power in a pint-size package. Turbo.
April 22, 2008
Of all the cars that say "poverty does not become me," the soft-top Roller is among the more eloquent.
April 1, 2008
Audi's R8 has been a bright blip on the radar of the car crowd since it was first espied a while back, but this debutant mid-engine two-seater entered the consciousness of a wider population with its fleeting appearance in the Patriots-Giants Super Bowl commercial this winter. The ad spoofed the horse's-head-in-the-bed scene from The Godfather.
February 1, 2008
Of all the cars that say "poverty does not become me," the soft-top Roller is among the more eloquent.
December 1, 2007
A neighbor of mine counts a late-model six-speed Corvette coupe among his household's half dozen cars and nine motorcycles. When I remarked to him that the Shelby GT500 seemed to be attracting more come-hither glances from women than the Z06, he didn't miss a beat: "You been cruising around trailer parks?" The loyalty these cars generate is as fierce now as it was back in the good old days.
October 1, 2007
With the LS600hL, Lexus has given the hybrid propulsion system popularized by the Toyota Prius some serious muscle and cloaked it in luxury robes. The "h" stands for the hybrid V8/electric motor powerplant that drives all four wheels and the "L" is for long wheelbase, which describes the expansive but not quite Maybachian rear passenger area.
August 1, 2007
What's in a name? Would a Ferrari by any other name be as provocative? What if the Ferrari boy had been born into the Focaccia family and christened Sal?
""CEOs go to their vacation homes just after companies report favorable news, and CEOs return to headquarters right before subsequent news is released. More good news is released when CEOs are back at work, and CEOs appear not to leave headquarters at all if a firm has adverse news to disclose. When CEOs are away from the office, stock prices behave quietly with sharply lower volatility. Volatility increases immediately when CEOs return to work." —David Yermack, a New York University finance professor, whose recently released study shows a correlation between when CEOs take their private jets on vacation and movements in their companies' stock price "
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NBC's Kelly O'Donnell, Lester Holt and the AP uncritically repeated the McCain campaign's claims that Sen. Barack Obama is already writing or has already written an inaugural address. The claims are reportedly based on a New York Times article, which asserted that Obama transition chief John D. Podesta "has already written a draft Inaugural Address for Mr. Obama, which he published this summer in a book called 'The Power of Progress.' " But neither O'Donnell nor the AP gave any indication that they had attempted to verify the accusation or obtain a response from Podesta, who issued a statement calling the charge "a complete fabrication."
Reporting on a rally Gov. Sarah Palin held in Pennsylvania, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette quoted an audience member saying of Sen. Barack Obama: "Tell him to go back to Indonesia. Tell him to show his birth certificate." The Post-Gazette did not note that the charge that Obama has not released a valid U.S. birth certificate has been widely debunked.
CNN's Jason Carroll aired Cindy McCain's claim that Sen. Barack Obama's "vote to not fund my son when he was serving sent a cold chill through my body." However, Carroll did not point out that Sen. John McCain himself voted against legislation to fund the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Fox News' Steve Brown accused Sen. Barack Obama of omitting the purported reason Sen. John McCain initially opposed the Bush tax cuts, which Brown claimed was "because they didn't match up with corresponding cuts coming out of the budget." In fact, the reason McCain gave for voting against the tax cuts in a May 2001 floor statement was that "so many of the benefits go to the most fortunate among us, at the expense of middle class Americans who most need tax relief."
ABC's David Wright reported without challenging Sen. John McCain's claim to voters in New Hampshire that Sen. Barack Obama "wants to confiscate their hard-earned money." Wright did not note that Obama has proposed cutting taxes for low- and middle-income taxpayers, while raising taxes only on individuals earning more than $200,000 per year and families earning more than $250,000 per year.
WorldNetDaily.com again cited dubious emails containing errors and stilted English that Jerome Corsi has said were sent by Sen. Barack Obama to advance the claim that Obama "campaigned for" "radical Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga" during a 2006 trip.
Discussing Sam Joe Wurzelbacher ("Joe the Plumber") on MSNBC Live, Tamron Hall said that "according to the federal government's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the national average for a plumber: $45,000. ... I think it would be rude to ask Joe what his income is." But Wurzelbacher's income -- or expected income -- is the issue in determining the veracity of McCain's charge that Wurzelbacher's taxes would increase under Sen. Barack Obama's tax plan.
The AP and CNN reported that Sen. Barack Obama represented ACORN in a 1995 lawsuit against the state of Illinois but did not mention that the Justice Department was also a plaintiff in the case, along with the League of Women Voters of Illinois and the League of United Latin American Citizens. The lawsuit sought to require that Illinois implement federal law on voter registration.


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The Complete What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know
"What Ukulele Players" guidebooks (Book #4)NOW TOGETHER IN ONE VOLUME!Bringing together the ukulele beginners bestsellers What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know and More Of What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know, Barry Maz returns with a handy omnibus edition!With over 50 chapters of advice, this is the Complete guidance for new players dealing with everything from buying a uke, holding and strumming a uke, to fingernail care, basic
Chords That Ukulele Players Really Want To Know
"What Ukulele Players" guidebooks (Book #3)Barry Maz, author of the bestselling ukulele handbook series 'What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know' and the Got A Ukulele website returns with a handy addition to the ukulele players bookshelf.Chords That Ukulele Players Really Want To Know provides clear chord diagrams for the most common ukulele tunings in a format that can be carried around on an ereader, iPhone or iPad. In other words,
More Of What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know
"What Ukulele Players" guidebooks (Book #2)Got A Ukulele's Barry Maz returns with a follow up to his best selling ukulele handbook 'What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know'.Aimed at beginners who have now grasped the basics and are looking to develop their relationship with the humble ukulele, this guide brings 22 brand new chapters containing answers to more questions that vex new players. Barry considers everything from basic theory to
What Ukulele Players Really Want To Know
"What Ukulele Players" guidebooks (Book #1)The bestselling* guide for ukulele beginners, written specifically FOR beginners.Concerned at the lack of answers to obvious ukulele questions for those just starting out, and the prescriptive nature of the tuition books, I started a blog, and now a book that aims to redress the balance.This guide provides concise, no-nonsense answers to the obvious questions that the tuition books miss. This isn
Quick Projects with Jelly Rolls
Use Up Your Scraps with these Quick and Easy ProjectsIn Quick Projects with Jelly Rolls, author Brioni Greenberg shows you how to use up your scraps with quick and easy projects.Projects include:Winterberry Table RunnerJaunty Button-Down iPad CaseFairytale Pins 'n' Things
Two from One Jelly Roll QuiltsAuthors have a fantastic reputation ? Smaller projects are quicker to complete and make great gifts ? This book follows on from Jelly Roll Quilts (87,000 copies sold in 13 months) and Layer Cake, Jelly Roll & Charm Quilts (32,000 copies sold in 3 months) ? Still, the only book endorsed by Moda The basis of all the quilts in this book is just half a Jelly Roll. Each Jelly Roll makes two different
Mastering the Art of Longarm Quilting
40 Original Designs • Step-by-Step Instructions • Takes You from Novice to ExpertThis essential guide to using a longarm machine includes easy-to-follow instructions to get you well on the way to mastery! In addition to marking tips and thread selection, you'll also find detailed direction on planning and executing designs. Plus, the gallery section provides a treasure trove of inspiration! Featuring 40 original quilting designs, there's something for both traditional and
Includes practical, user-friendly diagrams and templates to simplify instructions - perfect for both novice and experienced quilters.Quilting: Inset Piecing by Sarah Fielke is a showcase of the Inset Piecing quilting technique - which involves setting a piece of fabric into an L- or Y-shaped seam. Mastering this quilting technique can be a challenge, but this vibrant and beautifully photographed
10 New Projects From Mary's Cottage QuiltsThis Quiltmakers Club book is the first title from the Mary's Cottage Quilts designer. Mary Cowan encourages stitchers to dip into their stash and take a fresh, colorful approach to the cottage style. The projects offer a variety of styles, sizes, complexity, and color palettes, and they range from quilts to table toppers.
Quilter's Academy Vol. 4 - Senior Year
A Skill Building Course in QuiltmakingYour senior year is a star-filled adventure! Your senior year of Quilter's Academy takes you into the most exciting of all designs-stars! You'll explore a variety of more complex piecing techniques such as Y-seams and partial seams, which put the sewing and pressing skills you've learned thus far to the test. Work through the lessons at your own pace and soon you will be making those really
Scrap Quilting with Alex Anderson
Choose the Best Fabric Combinations • Pick the Perfect Blocks • Settings to Showcase Your BlocksGet scrappy with best-selling author Alex Anderson (more than 950,000 books sold!) Use your stash and your scrap bin to make 7 colorful quilts. Get in on Alex's best scrap quilting secrets: which blocks and settings work best in scrappy quilts; how to combine fabric colors, prints, and values so your creations look exciting, not overpowering; and how to choose quilting motifs that will highlight
12 Quilts Inspired by City Living• 12 new quilt projects from popular blogger and best-selling author of City Quilts• Beginner and experienced sewists alike can create modern, must-have quilts with innovative techniques• Featuring modern solid fabric quilt designs with a universal appeal, making them excellent gifts for men and ...


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Dr. Amritbhai P. Patel, MD
- 2222 W Division St Ste 225
Chicago, IL 60622
- 2 Locations
- (773) 252-0777
Dr. Amritbhai P. Patel graduated from the Baroda Medical College, Gujarat, India in 1972. He works in Chicago, IL and 1 other location and specializes in Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine. Dr. Patel is affiliated with Presence Our Lady Of The Resurrection Medical Center and Saints Mary & Elizabeth Medical Center. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine
Medical School: Baroda Medical College, Gujarat, India; Graduated 1972
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


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Before starting Bud's Best Cookies, Hoover, AL, Bud Cason took a class on nutrition that changed the way he thought about cookies. In that class, he learned that when people want something sweet, they usually satisfy that craving with the first bite. Every bite after that is just filling their stomachs. So Mr. Cason developed the idea for bite-sized cookies that silence the sweet tooth without ruining dinner, and in 1991, Bud's Best Cookies was born.
It's this bite-sized philosophy that keeps Mr. Cason from giving into the health craze sweeping the food industry, saying the cookies' size make them a guilt-free indulgence for health-conscious consumers.
"If people are looking for something sweet without a lot of calories, they can eat a couple of cookies and take care of that sweet sensation," Mr. Cason said.
1Change is coming to the bread aisle
2Bimbo to close Canada Bread bakery
3Barilla to move Region Americas headquarters
4Certain cereals sparkle for General Mills
5Hot Pockets in hot seat at Nestle
( more )
2McKee in pact with Texas baker for c-stores
3Lancaster Colony acquires flatbread maker
4S.k.u. rationalization in North America cuts into Aryzta revenue
5Bimbo to close Canada Bread bakery
1Leaf Brands looks to revive Hydrox cookies
2Opportunity by the slice
3New startup to build baking plant in Indianapolis
4Kraft Foods to merge with H.J. Heinz
to the PRINT edition, or click below for free INSTANT ACCESS to valuable news and insights in the Digital Edition.


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If you thought the only choices when it came to popcorn were sweet or salted and which film to accompany, think again! Inside this beautifully illustrated book are 100 sweet and savoury recipes that are quick, easy and fun to make... Sticky marshmallow, classic toffee, even popcorn-breaded Southern fried chicken!
Paperback, 144 pages.
RRP £10.99. Save £2.99.
Cat Ref: SKU 18077
The Popcorn! product has been discontinued.
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healthy popcorn" by Mrs Brown
It certainly isn't healthy if you use several of the recipes-8rashers of bacon with 10 oz sugar and maple syrup for 2 servings!
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid vehicle Hybrid vehicle Vehicle type Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles Mopeds and electric bicycles are a simple form of a hybrid, as power is delivered both via an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles. Early prototypes of motorcycles in the late 1800s used the same principles. • In a human and motor power are mechanically coupled at the pedal drive train or at the rear or the front wheel, e.g. using a hub motor, a roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission element. Human and motor torques are added together. Almost all manufactured models are of this type. See Motorized bicycles, Mopeds and[4] for more information. • In a (SH) the user powers a generator using the pedals. This is converted into electricity and can be fed directly to the motor giving a chainless bicycle but also to charge a battery. The motor draws power from the battery and must be able to deliver the full mechanical torque required because none is available from the pedals. SH bicycles are commercially available, because they are very simple in theory and manufacturing.[5] The first known prototype and publication of an SH bicycle is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite SH lightweight vehicle which used power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. In 1995 Thomas Müller designed a "Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb" in his 1995 diploma thesis and built a functional vehicle. In 1996 Jürg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built an SH bicycle and in 1998 mounted the system onto a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP 1165188). In Honda Insight hybrid Prius used by NYPD Traffic Enforcement A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle.[1] The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. Power sources Power sources include: • On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) • Gasoline or Diesel fuel • Hydrogen • Compressed air • Liquid nitrogen • Human powered e.g. pedaling or rowing • Wind • Compressed or liquefied natural gas • Solar • Waste heat from internal combustion engine. This can be converted to steam or electricity (eg via Stirling engine) to increase vehicle propulsion. The extra power may also be used for supplemental systems (eg cooling for cool-trucks, ...)[2] • Coal, wood, Biochar[3] or other solid combustibles • Electromagnetic fields, Radio waves 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1999 Harald Kutzke described his concept of the "active bicycle": the aim is to approach the ideal bicycle weighing nothing and having no drag by electronic compensation. Until 2005 Fuchs and colleagues built several prototype SH tricycles and quadricycles. [2] Hybrid vehicle Dr, Dadman the minister of road and transportation in 2001. Japan The first operational prototype of a hybrid train engine with significant energy storage and energy regeneration capability was introduced in Japan as the KiHa E200. It utilizes battery packs of lithium ion batteries mounted on the roof to store recovered energy.[7] North America In the U.S., General Electric introduced a prototype railroad engine with their "Ecomagination" technology in 2007. They store energy in a large set of sodium nickel chloride (Na-NiCl2) batteries to capture and store energy normally dissipated during dynamic braking or coasting downhill. They expect at least a 10% reduction in fuel use with this system and are now spending about $2 billion/yr on hybrid research.[8] Variants of the typical diesel electric locomotive include the Green Goat (GG) and Green Kid (GK) switching/yard engines built by Canada's Railpower Technologies. They utilize a large set of heavy duty long life (~10 yr) rechargeable lead acid (Pba) batteries and 1000 to 2000 HP electric motors as the primary motive sources and a new clean burning diesel generator (~160 Hp) for recharging the batteries that is used only as needed. No power or fuel are wasted for idling—typically 60–85% of the time for these type locomotives. It is unclear if dynamic braking (regenerative) power is recaptured for reuse; but in principle it should be easily utilized. Since these engines typical need extra weight for traction purposes anyway the battery pack's weight is a negligible penalty. In addition the diesel generator and battery package are normally built on an existing "retired" "yard" locomotive's frame for significant additional cost savings. The existing motors and running gear are all rebuilt and reused. Diesel fuel savings of 40–60% and up to 80% pollution reductions are claimed over that of a "typical" older switching/yard engine. The same advantages that existing hybrid cars have for use with frequent starts and stops and idle periods apply to typical switching yard use.[9] "Green Goat" locomotives have been purchased by Canadian Pacific Railway, BNSF Railway, Kansas City Southern Railway and Union Pacific Railroad among others. Heavy vehicles Hybrid power trains are used for diesel-electric or turbo-electric railway locomotives, buses, heavy goods vehicles, mobile hydraulic machinery, and ships. Typically some form of heat engine (usually diesel) drives an electric generator or hydraulic pump which powers one or more electric or hydraulic motors. There are advantages in distributing power through wires or pipes rather than mechanical elements especially when multiple drives — e.g. driven wheels or propellers — are required. There is power lost in the double conversion from typically diesel fuel to electricity to power an electric or hydraulic motor. With large vehicles the advantages often outweigh the disadvantages especially as the conversion losses typically decrease with size. With the exception of non nuclear submarines, presently there is no or relatively little energy storage capacity on most heavy vehicles, e.g. auxiliary batteries and hydraulic accumulators—this is changing. Rail transport Europe An example of a typical "hybrid" is the new Autorail à grande capacité (AGC or high-capacity railcar) built by the Canadian company Bombardier for service in France. This has dual mode (diesel and electric motors) and dual voltage capabilities (1500 and 25000 V) allowing it to be used on many different rail systems. [6] Iran The First Hybrid Evaluating prototype locomotive was designed and contracted by railway research center MATRAI in 1999 and the sample was ready in 2000. it was a G12 locomotive that was converted to hybrid by using a 200KW diesel generator and batteries and also was equipped with 2 AC traction motors (out of 4) retrofited in the cover of the DC traction motors.it was inaugurated by missed 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid vehicle first.[14] Since 2002, the U.S. military has been testing serial hybrid Humvees[15][16] and have found them to deliver faster acceleration, a stealth mode with low thermal signature/ near silent operation, and greater fuel economy. Eaton Corporation – Hybrid Power Systems History and Technologies For over 20 years, Eaton has pioneered electric and hybrid power systems for commercial vehicles. Current hybrid powertrains provide improved fuel economy, increased functionality, environmental benefits, quieter operation and better performance. Eaton is convinced that the most successful hybrid products will have the lowest price premiums compared to conventional vehicles as well as demonstrate exceptional reliability. A "hybrid" vehicle is defined as one that has more than one source of power. In a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), the diesel engine is coupled with electric motor/generator(s) and batteries (or other electrical storage devices) to create the hybrid system. In a hybrid hydraulic vehicle (HHV), the engine is coupled with hydraulic pump/motor(s) and hydraulic accumulators to create the hybrid system. The value justification of hybrid powertrains is duty cycle dependent. Eaton believes that both hybrid hydraulic and hybrid electric vehicles have their place in the market, and they are developing both technologies to create a portfolio of hybrid power systems for a wide variety of vehicles and applications. Hybrid Electric Eaton's hybrid-electric power systems consist of an automated clutch, electric motor/generator, motor controller/inverter, energy storage, automated manual transmission and an integrated supervisory hybrid control module. Hybrid electric systems have much higher energy storage capacity, and generally have low to moderate power capabilities. Hybrid electric systems can also provide engine off PTO capability for those needing worksite hydraulic operations and an auxiliary electric power source from the vehicle, making them valuable in vehicles whose workday takes them off the highway and to a jobsite, where the truck's power is used to operate other tools and equipment. Cranes Railpower Technologies Corp. engineers working with TSI Terminal Systems Inc. in Vancouver, British Columbia are testing a hybrid diesel electric power unit with battery storage for use in Rubber Tyred Gantry (RTG) cranes. RTG cranes are typically used for loading and unloading shipping containers onto trains or trucks in ports and container storage yards. The energy used to lift the containers can be partially regained when they are lowered. Diesel fuel and emission reductions of 50–70% are predicted by Railpower engineers.[10] First systems are expected to be operational in 2007.[11] Road Transport, Commercial Vehicles GM has launched hybrid versions of its fullsize GMC Yukon (pictured) and Chevrolet Tahoe SUVs for 2008 Early hybrid systems are being investigated for trucks and other heavy highway vehicles with some operational trucks and buses starting to come into use. The main obstacles seem to be smaller fleet sizes and the extra costs of a hybrid system are yet compensated for by fuel savings, but with the price of oil set to continue on its upward trend, the tipping point may be reached by the end of 1995. Advances in technology and lowered battery cost and higher capacity etc. developed in the hybrid car industry are already filtering into truck use as Toyota, Ford, GM and others introduce hybrid pickups and SUVs. Kenworth Truck Company recently introduced a hybrid-electric truck, called the Kenworth T270 Class 6 that for city usage seems to be competitive.[12][13] FedEx and others are starting to invest in hybrid delivery type vehicles—particularly for city use where hybrid technology may pay off 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid electric vehicles require an unprecedented level of integration and partnership between truck makers, engine manufacturers, and suppliers of the drivetrain and major electrical components. Eaton's strategy includes early and significant collaboration with truck OEMs, engine manufacturers and key technology/component suppliers. Beginning in 2007, Eaton began offering complete, integrated Hybrid Drive Units to truck OEMs that include an automated clutch, electric motor/generator, motor controller/inverter, energy storage, automated manual transmission, and an integrated supervisory hybrid control module for the utility, telecom, municipality and other mediumduty city delivery vocations. Hybrid Hydraulic In a parallel hybrid hydraulic system, the conventional vehicle powertrain is supplemented by the addition of the hydraulic system. The Eaton Hydraulic Launch Assist™ (HLA®) is best suited for vehicles that operate in stop and go duty cycles. Examples include refuse trucks and buses. Key elements of the value proposition include improved fuel economy through regeneration of braking energy, longer brake life, and increased productivity due to the extra power the HLA system provides. Fuel economy and emissions reductions in the 20-30% range and paybacks in 2–3 years are possible with this technology. Eaton plans to commercialize the HLA system in refuse trucks in 2009. Other applications will follow. In a series hybrid hydraulic system, conventional transmission and driveline are replaced by the hybrid hydraulic powertrain and energy is transferred from the engine to the drive wheels through fluid power. Fuel efficiency is improved by operating the engine at a "sweet spot" of best engine operation made possible by the CVT functionality of the series hybrid system, through regeneration of braking energy, and by shutting the engine off when not needed. Fuel economy improvements up to of 50-70+% are possible with this technology. Customers and Programs Eaton provides its hybrid power systems to major truck OEMs such as International Truck and Engine, PACCAR and Freightliner. Hybrid vehicle Eaton hybrid diesel electric systems have been available as a published powertrain option in North America since 2007. Eaton plans to offer complete, integrated Hybrid power systems to truck OEMs that include an automated clutch, electric motor/generator, motor controller/inverter, energy storage, automated manual transmission and an integrated supervisory Hybrid Control Module. Ships Ships with both mast-mounted sails and steam engines were an early form of hybrid vehicle. Another example is the diesel-electric submarine. This runs on batteries when submerged and the batteries can be recharged by the diesel engine when the craft is on the surface. Newer hybrid ship-propulsion schemes include large towing kites manufactured by companies such as SkySails. Towing kites can fly at heights several times higher than the tallest ship masts, capturing stronger and steadier winds. Aircraft Delta Air Lines is going to be turning their Boeing 737NGs into hybrids in early 2010 by mounting the WheelTug™ ground propulsion system on their fleet of Boeing 737NGs [17][18]. By using the APU, which is powered by a turbine, to power a Chorus Motor mounted on the landing gear for ground movement, Delta Air Lines will be creating a hybrid configuration by ceasing to use the main engines for anything but flight and take-off. Engine type Hybrid electric-petroleum vehicles Hybrid New Flyer Metrobus When the term hybrid vehicle is used, it most often refers to a Hybrid electric vehicle. These encompass such vehicles as the AHS2 (Chevrolet Tahoe, GMC Yukon, Chevrolet Silverado, Cadillac Escalade, and the Saturn 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid vehicle BEV's batteries are recharged by this process—on the highway—and can then be used normally on other roads until the battery is discharged. This provides the advantage, in principle, of virtually unrestricted highway range as long as you stay where you have BEV infrastructure access. Since many destinations are within 100 km of a major highway, this may reduce the need for expensive battery systems. Unfortunately private use of the existing electrical system is nearly universally prohibited. The technology for such electrical infrastructure is old and, outside of some cities, is not widely distributed (see Conduit current collection, trams, electric rail, trolleys, third rail). Updating the required electrical and infrastructure costs can be funded, in principle, by toll revenue, gasoline or other taxes. Hybrid Optare Solo Vue), Toyota Prius, Toyota Camry Hybrid, Ford Escape Hybrid, Toyota Highlander Hybrid, Honda Insight, Honda Civic Hybrid and others. A petroleum-electric hybrid most commonly uses internal combustion engines (generally gasoline or Diesel engines, powered by a variety of fuels) and electric batteries to power electric motors. There are many types of petroleum-electric hybrid drivetrains, from Full hybrid to Mild hybrid, which offer varying advantages and disadvantages.[19] While liquid fuel/electric hybrids date back to the late 1800s, the braking regenerative hybrid was invented by David Arthurs, an electrical engineer from Springdale, Arkansas in 1978-79. His home-converted Opel GT was reported to get as much as 75MPG and plans are still sold to this original design, and the "Mother Earth News" modified version on their website. [20] The plug-in-electric-vehicle (PEV) is becoming more and more common. It has the range needed in locations where there are wide gaps with no services. The batteries can be plugged in to house (mains) electricity for charging, as well being charged while the engine is running. Hybrid fuel (dual mode) In addition to vehicles that use two or more different devices for propulsion, some also consider vehicles that use distinct energy sources or input types ("fuels") using the same engine to be hybrids, although to avoid confusion with hybrids as described above and to use correctly the terms, these are perhaps more correctly described as dual mode vehicles: • Some electric trolleybuses can switch between an on board diesel engine and overhead electrical power depending on conditions (see dual mode bus). In principle, this could be combined with a battery subsystem to create a true plug-in hybrid trolleybus, although as of 2006, no such design seems to have been announced. • Flexible-fuel vehicles can use a mixture of input fuels mixed in one tank — typically gasoline and ethanol, or methanol, or biobutanol. • Bi-fuel vehicle:Liquified petroleum gas and natural gas are very different from petroleum or diesel and cannot be used in the same tanks, so it would be impossible to build an (LPG or NG) flexible fuel system. Instead vehicles are built with two, parallel, fuel systems feeding one engine. While the duplicated tanks cost space in some applications, the increased range and flexibility where (LPG or NG) Continuously outboard recharged battery electric vehicle (CORBEV) Given suitable infrastructure, permissions and vehicles, BEVs can be recharged while the user drives. The BEV establishes contact with an electrified rail, plate or overhead wires on the highway via an attached conducting wheel or other similar mechanism (see Conduit currassent collection). The 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia infrastructure is incomplete may be a significant incentive to purchase. • Some vehicles have been modified to use another fuel source if it is available, such as cars modified to run on autogas (LPG) and diesels modified to run on waste vegetable oil that has not been processed into biodiesel. • Power-assist mechanisms for bicycles and other human-powered vehicles are also included. Hybrid vehicle Fluid power hybrid Hydraulic and pneumatic hybrid vehicles use an engine to charge a pressure accumulator to drive the wheels via hydraulic or pneumatic (i.e. compressed air) drive units. The energy recovery rate is higher and therefore the system is more efficient than battery charged hybrids, demonstrating a 60% to 70% increase in energy economy in EPA testing [21]. Under tests done by the EPA, a hydraulic hybrid Ford Expedition returned 32 miles per US gallon (7.4 L/100 km; 38 mpg-imp) City, and 22 miles per US gallon (11 L/100 km; 26 mpg-imp) highway. [22] UPS currently has two trucks in service with this technology. [23] While the system has faster and more efficient charge/discharge cycling and is cheaper than gas-electric hybrids, the accumulator size dictates total energy storage capacity and requires more space than a battery. The Toyota Prius is a series-parallel hybrid. The Ford Escape Hybrid has a parallel drivetrain. In a parallel hybrid an electric motor and an internal combustion engine are installed so that they can both individually or together power the vehicle. Typical passenger car installations such as those from Toyota and Lexus use electric power for reversing, and low speed low throttle opening work because it uses less energy and does not require any energy while the car is idle, making hybrid vehicles ideal for urban and suburban environments. As the vehicle speed increases or the acceleration demanded is higher, the internal combustion engine starts and both power units work together in parallel (hence the name). Internal combustion engines deliver more power for a given motor weight, making them better suited for higher speeds. The installed electric motors and battery capacity may offer a range of 3–5 km in pure electric mode, at speeds of up to 40 km/h. Beyond this, the internal combustion engine is needed to either provide increased power or to re-charge the batteries. The Toyota Prius combines two drivetrain designs, working as a series-parallel hybrid,[24] while Ford Escape Hybrid and Hybrid vehicle power units and how they work Parallel hybrid; electric & internal combustion engine drive The Honda Insight is a Mild Parallel Hybrid. 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Honda Insight use a parallel drivetrain.[25][26] How the System works? Starting: The engine and motor convert fuel (gasoline) to energy stored in battery. Passing: The engine and motor are both used to propel the vehicle. Stopping: Regenerative braking converts energy into electricity stored in the battery. Cruising: The battery provides all the necessary energy. The engine is dormant. [27] On the open road, the primary power source is the internal combustion engine (partly to maximise the life of the batteries), but when maximum power is required, for example to overtake, the electric motor is used to maximise the available power for a short time, giving the effect of having a larger engine than that actually installed. The fuel consumption benefits of a hybrid electric vehicle against an internal combustion vehicle of similar performance come through the recovery of braking energy, stored in the battery by the motor/generator for use at the next start which in a conventional vehicle would have been dissipated as heat from the brakes. Additionally, the ability to shut off the engine while the electric motor is running brings further savings. The larger the motor, and the battery, the more braking energy it can recover before conventional brakes are necessary to achieve the required retardation. However, a weight/space compromise determines the limits of energy recovery possible in a given installation. Hybrid vehicle an electric generator instead of directly driving the wheels. This engine can do any combination of the following: charge a battery, charge a capacitor, directly power the electric motor. When large amounts of power and torque are required, the electric motor can draw electricity from a combination of batteries, capacitors, and the generator. A series hybrid does not require batteries in its design as a capacitor can act as a storage device. There are three main options for series hybrid electric motors: Permanent Magnet, 3-Phase AC Induction, Multi-Phase AC Induction. Permament Magnet motors, like those found in the Prius, degrade in performance at higher temperatures and require a cooling system in the design. They allow for regenerative braking, and this comes with a safety trade off as any time there is motion by the magnets, they produce voltage. Permanent magnets also require rare earth which are expensive and difficult to source. In contrast, 3-Phase AC Induction motors can be air cooled and therefore have better stamina, but have less power density which means that the weight saved from removing the cooling system is replaced with heavier and more complex gearing for the drivetrain. This more complex transmission gearing is also needed to compensate for the fact that a standard 3-Phase AC Induction motor can be either low-speed high-torque (like a standrd vehicles starter) or a high-speed low-torque (like a standrd vehicles alternator) but not both. A Multi-Phase AC Induction motor (called a Chorus Motor) co-opts the harmonics that limit motor performance, which means a that it can smoothly change from behaving like a high-torque low-speed motor to behaving like a low-torque high-speed motor, without the need for efficiency robbing physical gearing that would be required to compensate for a 3-Phase AC Induction motors lower power density. The January 2009 issue of Motor Trend magazine discusses this third choice and its use in planes and vehicles. [3] Furthermore, by co-opting the harmonics that limit standard motor performance, greater torque can be generated by this motor; up to 10 times the torque of a standard motor. This extra torque can be generated for short 'burst' or 'startup' torque requirements, which means that the Chorus Motor used in a series hybrid can both be smaller and be sized for its 'average' torque requirements Series Hybrid The Chevrolet Volt concept car is a series plug-in hybrid. The fuel engine power is exclusively used to generate electricity and not used directly for drive wheel propulsion. A series hybrid uses electric drives powered by a single-speed internal combustion engine. While operating at its most efficient single speed, the combustion engine drives 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia while still providing the acceleration torque needed for occasional circumstances like joining a highway from a dead stop. This motor is presently only being used in WheelTug™ and its use turns an airplane into a series hybrid with a turbine in the APU generating the electricity needed to power the Chorus Motor in the WheelTug™ There are currently no series production plug-in hybrids, but GM, for example, with the Chevrolet Volt is pushing forward towards a series product introduction in 2–3 years. Hybrid vehicle energy recovery through the motor/generator on the overrun and while decelerating. This electrical energy may be used to drive the a/c, power steering, and other auxiliaries electrically as and when needed as opposed to continuously with traditional belt-driven pumps, reducing mechanical losses and so improve the fuel consumption. The Smart Hybrid is a recently introduced city-car mild-hybrid. Plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) Another subtype added to the hybrid market is the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV). The PHEV is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased energy storage capacity (usually Li-ion batteries). It may be connected to mains electricity supply at the end of the journey to avoid charging using the on-board internal combustion engine.[29][30] This concept is attractive to those seeking to minimize on-road emissions by avoiding or at least minimizing - the use of ICE during daily driving. As with pure electric vehicles, the total emissions saving, for example in CO2 terms, is dependent upon the energy source of the electricity generating company. For some users, this type of vehicle may also be financially attractive so long as the electrical energy being used is cheaper than the petrol/diesel that they would have otherwise used. Current tax systems in many European countries use mineral oil taxation as a major income source. This is generally not the case for electricity, which is taxed uniformly for the domestic customer, however he/she uses it. Some electricity suppliers also offer price benefits for off-peak night users, which may further increase the attractiveness of the plug-in option for commuters and urban motorists. A Honda Civic Hybrid used by Zipcar, a car sharing service at Washington, D.C. Ford Escape plug-in hybrid. Mild Parallel hybrid This types use a generally compact electric motor to give extra output[28] during the acceleration, and to generate on the deceleration phase. On road examples are Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda Insight, Mercedes Benz S400 BlueHYBRID and BMW 7-Series hybrids. The main improvement in fuel consumption over a conventional vehicle with the same performance is possible by the installation of a smaller internal combustion engine, with smaller internal losses and lower weight. There are also savings through Fuel cell, electric hybrid The fuel cell hybrid is generally an electric vehicle equipped with a fuel cell. The fuell cell as well as the electric battery are both power sources, making the vehicle a hybrid. Fuel cells use hydrogen as a fuel and power the electric battery when it is depleted. The Ford Edge Hyseries Drive and Honda FCX are examples of a fuel cell/electric hybrid. 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid vehicle improving fuel economy whatever the power source. These features make a hybrid vehicle particularly efficient for city traffic where there are frequent stops, coasting and idling periods. In addition noise emissions are reduced, particularly at idling and low operating speeds,[31] in comparison to conventional engine vehicles. For continuous high speed highway use these features are much less useful in reducing emissions. Environmental issues Fuel consumption and emissions reductions The hybrid vehicle typically achieves greater fuel economy and lower emissions than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), resulting in fewer emissions being generated. These savings are primarily achieved by three elements of a typical hybrid design: 1. relying on both the engine and the electric motors for peak power needs resulting in a smaller engine sized more for average usage rather than peak power usage. 2. having significant battery storage capacity to store and reuse recaptured energy, especially in stop-and-go traffic. 3. recapturing significant amounts of energy normally wasted during braking etc. (regenerative braking) This is a mechanism that reduces vehicle speed by converting some of its kinetic energy into another useful form of energy, dependent upon the power rating of the motor/ generator; other techniques that are not necessarily 'hybrid' features, but that are frequently found fuel saving measures on hybrid vehicles include; 1. shutting down the engine during traffic stops or while coasting or other idle periods; 2. improving aerodynamics ; (part of the reason that SUVs get such bad fuel economy is the drag on the car. A box shaped car or truck has to exert more force to move through the air causing more stress on the engine making it work harder). Improving the shape and aerodynamics of a car is a good way to help better the fuel economy and also improve handling at the same time. 3. using low rolling resistance tires ; (tires were often made to give a quiet, smooth ride, high grip etc. but efficiency was a lower priority. Tires cause mechanical drag, once again making the engine work harder, consuming more fuel. Hybrid cars may use special tires that are more inflated than regular tires and stiffer or by choice of carcase structure and rubber compound have lower rolling resistance while retaining acceptable grip, and so Hybrid Vehicle Emissions Hybrid Vehicle emissions today are getting close to or even lower than the recommended level set by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). The recommended levels they suggest for a typical passenger vehicle should be equated to 5.5 metric tons of carbon dioxide. The three most popular hybrid vehicles, Honda Civic, Honda Insight and Toyota Prius, set the standards even higher by producing 4.1, 3.5, and 3.5 tons showing a major improvement in carbon dioxide emissions. Environmental impact of hybrid car battery Though hybrid cars take in substantially less petroleum than conventional cars, there is still an issue regarding the environmental damage of the Hybrid car battery. Today most Hybrid car batteries are one of two types: (1) nickel metal hydride, or (2) lithium ion; both are regarded as more environmentally friendly than lead-based batteries (which constitute the bulk of car batteries today). "Jim Kliesch, author of the 'Green Book: The Environmental Guide to Cars and Trucks' told HybridCars.com, 'There are many types of batteries. Some are far more toxic than others. While batteries like lead acid or nickel cadmium are incredibly bad for the environment, the toxicity levels and environmental impact of nickel metal hydride batteries—the type currently used in hybrids—are much lower.'"[4]. Though substantially less toxic than conventional car batteries, nickel-based batteries are known carcinogens, and have been shown to cause a variety of teratogenic effects.[32]. 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Although companies are funding research to use these safer less toxic batteries, the fact of the matter is lead is so cheap, and money always plays a factor when dealing with mass production of an item. According to a 2003 report entitled, "Getting the Lead Out," by Environmental Defense and the Ecology Center of Ann Arbor, Mich., an estimated 2.6 million metric tons of lead can be found in the batteries of vehicles on the road today. There's little argument that lead is extremely toxic. Scientific studies show that long-term exposure to even tiny amounts of lead can cause brain and kidney damage, hearing impairment, and learning problems in children. The auto industry uses over one million metric tons of lead every year, with 90% going to conventional lead-acid vehicle batteries. While lead recycling is a mature industry, it's impossible to rescue every car battery from the dump. More than 40,000 metric tons of lead are lost to landfills every year. According to the federal Toxic Release Inventory, another 70,000 metric tons are released in the lead mining and manufacturing process. [Jim Kliesch, author of the Green Book: The Environmental Guide to Cars and Trucks] Hybrid vehicle Alternative green vehicles Other types of green vehicles include other vehicles that go fully or partly on alternative energy sources than fossil fuel. Another option is to use alternative fuel composition (i.e. biofuels) in conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles, making them go partly on renewable energy sources. Other approaches include personal rapid transit, a public transportation concept that offers automated on-demand non-stop transportation, on a network of specially-built guideways. See also • List of hybrid vehicles • Hybrid Locomotive • Hybrid Vehicle Drivetrains • Hybrid electric vehicle • Global Hybrid Cooperation • Plug-in hybrid • Human-Electric Hybrid Vehicle • Tribrid vehicle • Hybrid buses • Hybrid trucks • Alternative propulsion • Bivalent (engine) • Diesel-electric • Efficient energy use • Electric vehicle • Global warming • PNGV • Solid oxide fuel cell Raw materials increasing costs There is an impending increase in the costs of many rare materials used in the manufacture of hybrid cars [33]. For example, the rare earth element dysprosium is required to fabricate many of the advanced electric motors and battery systems in hybrid propulsion systems [34][33]. Neodymium is another rare earth metal which is a crucial ingredient in high-strength magnets that are found in permanent magnet electric motors [5] Nearly all the rare earth elements in the world come from China[35], and many analysts believe that an overall increase in Chinese electronics manufacturing will consume this entire supply by 2012.[33] In addition, export quotas on Chinese Rare Earth exports have resulted in a generally shaky supply of those metals [34][36]. A few non-Chinese sources such as the advanced Hoidas Lake project in northern Canada as well as Mt Weld in Australia are currently under development;[36] however it is not known if these sources will be developed before the shortage hits. References [1] What is a Hybrid Vehicle? - An introduction to hybrid cars and how they are defined, with examples of different hybrid technologies [2] Clean Power Technology CESAR system [3] Biochar burner/stirling engine hybrid vehicle [4] "Das Powerbike (German), ISBN 3895951234". http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/ SET=1/TTL=1/ SHW?FRST=1&PRS=HOL&HILN=888#888. Retrieved on February 27 2007. [5] "Velomobile Seminar 1999, ISBN 3-9520694-1-8". http://www.futurebike.ch/ page.asp?DH=2305. Retrieved on January 11 2006. [6] [1] 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Hybrid vehicle [7] "Japan to launch first hybrid trains". The [18] http://news.delta.com/ Sydney Morning Herald. 2007-07-29. article_display.cfm?article_id=10647 http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/ [19] Fuel Saving Calculator Japan-to-launch-first-hybrid-trains/2007/ [20] AN AMAZING 75 - MPG HYBRID 07/29/1185647720628.html. ELECTRIC CAR [8] Shabna, John (2007-10-25). "GE's Hybrid [21] EPA Announces Partnership to Locomotive: Around The World on Demonstrate World's First Full Hydraulic Brakes". Ecotality Life. Hybrid Urban Delivery Vehicle | http://ecotality.com/life/2007/10/25/ Modeling, Testing, and Research | US around-the-world-on-brakes-chug-a-chugEPA a-chugga/. [22] Capturing the power of hydraulics [9] RailPower Technologies Corp. AutoblogGreen (2006-07-12). "GG Series: Hybrid Yard [23] EPA unveils hydraulic hybrid UPS Switcher" (PDF). delivery truck - Autoblog http://www.railpower.com/dl/ [24] Sherry Boschert (2006), Plug-in Hybrids: GGSeries.pdf. The Cars that will Recharge America, [10] (PDF) RailPower To SupplyY TSI New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Terminal Systems Inc. with hybrid power Canada, pp. 30-31, ISBN plants for rubber tyred gantry cranes. 978-0-86571-571-4 Press release. 2006-10-10. [25] "The Honda Hybrid System". Honda http://www.railpower.com/dl/news/ Motor Co.. http://world.honda.com/ news_2006_10_10_e.pdf. automobile-technology/IMA/ima02/. [11] RailPower Technologies Corp. Retrieved on 2009-05-01. (2006-10-10). Railpower to supply TSI [26] "Ford Escape Hybrid (German language Terminal Systems Inc. with hybrid power article)". www.hybrid-autos.info, Uli plants for rubber tyred gantry cranes. Christian Blessing. http://www.hybridPress release. http://www.newswire.ca/ autos.info/ en/releases/archive/October2006/10/ Ford_Escape_Hybrid_2005.html. c6264.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-01. [12] Thomas, Justin (2007-03-27). "Hybrid [27] http://www.hybridcars.com/hybridTruck Unveiled by Kenworth". reviews TreeHugger. [28] "Honda IMA technology". Honda Motor http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/ CO.. http://world.honda.com/automobile03/hybrid_truck_un.php. technology/IMA/detail/. Retrieved on [13] Kenworth Truck Company (2007-03-21). 2009-05-01. Kenworth Unveils T270 Class 6 Hybrid [29] California Cars Initiative. "All About Truck Targeted at Municipal, Utility Plug-In Hybrids (PHEVs)". International Applications. Press release. Humanities Center. http://www.kenworth.com/ http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html. 6100_pre_mor.asp?file=2105. [30] "Prius PHEV". Electric Auto Association [14] Template:Cite Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. bkvkhjgahsdjfsdhjgfgdshghjsdghjfvcccvcvcnews http://www.eaa-phev.org/wiki/ [15] Komarow, Steven (2006-02-13). "Military Prius_PHEV#Kits_and_Conversions. hybrid vehicles could boost safety, [31] C. Michael Hogan and Amy Gregory, mobility". USA TODAY. Hybrid Vehicle Emission Noise http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/ Comparison Study, Lumina iraq/2006-02-13-humvee_x.htm. Technologies, June 1, 2006 [16] "Hybrid Electric HMMWV". [32] Gelani, S (1980). "Congenital GlobalSecurity.Org. abnormalities in nickel poisoning in chick http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ embryos" (PDF). Newark, NJ, USA: systems/ground/hmmwv-he.htm. Springer New York. Retrieved on 2008-11-17. http://www.springerlink.com/content/ [17] http://www.motortrend.com/features/ x37h8256j6g27g84/fulltext.pdf. editorial/ Retrieved on 2008-12-09. / 112_0901_flying_hybrids_technologue/ [33] ^ Cox, C (2008). "Rare earth innovation: index.html the silent shift to china". Herndon, VA, 11 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia USA: The Anchor House Inc. http://theanchorhouse.com/2008/03. Retrieved on cited 2008-03-18. / [34] ^ G, Nishiyama. "Japan urges China to ease rare metals supply." 8 November 2007. Reuters Latest News. 10 March 2008 <http://www.reuters.com/article/ latestCrisis/idUSL08815827> [35] Haxel, G; J. Hedrick; J. Orris (2002). "Rare earth elements critical resources for high technology" (Scholar search). USGS Fact Sheet: 087‐02 (Reston, VA, USA: United States Geological Survey). http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/fs087-02/ fs087-02.pdf. [36] ^ Lunn, J. (2006-10-03). Insigner Beaufort Equity Research. London. Hybrid vehicle • Lexus Hybrid Cars • Toyota Hybrid Technology • Ford Hybrid Car Technology • Honda Hybrid Technology Site Other Hybrid Links • Hybridization of Diesel powertrain in passenger cars • Hybrids are now a smart buy on cost alone • What's the Best Hybrid Car Available Today? • Hybrids a wise choice, constantly improving • Side by side comprising between Best Fuel-efficient and High-performance Diesel and Hybrid SUV (2009-2010) • Hino Hybrid Australia • Hybrid Taxi Pilot Program External links Hybrid Automobile Websites • GM Hybrid Technology Manufacturers' Hybrid airplanes • The Future of Flight (Obese Pelicans to Shape-Shifting Switchblades) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" Categories: Alternative propulsion, Hybrid vehicles, Engines, Electric vehicles This page was last modified on 24 May 2009, at 10:29 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. 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Seascape member discount on Brittany Ferries
We are please to announce a 10% discount is available to all Seascape 18 members on Brittany Ferries.
Simply use the code: F002J6 when making your booking.
Seascape 18 Sales Strong For 2013
The recession has made it an economically tough time for most people but despite this Seascape 18 sales are set to be strong in the first quarter of 2013.
The class continues to grow!
First Seascape18 Delivered to the Channel Islands
The first Seascape 18 boat has been delivered to the Channel Islands.
A Warm welcome to another member of the community!
Four UK Boats Competing In the French Nationals
Four UK boats confirmed! They are traveling to Morgat, France to compete in the French National Championships.
Last year UK boats we 1st, 2nd and 4th! Lets hope to repeat the UK dominance in this fantastic event.
Plymouth Seascape UK Nationals
After puling some strings our UK dealer Peter Wanstall managed to get "Nationals" title for the first Seascape race in UK. Nationals were run embedded into UK Sportboat nationals, all being part of Plymouth sailing week.
Weather didn't disappoint and 6 crews from UK, AUT and CRO had to show their skills in winds up to 30 knots. Non surprisingly Jochem Vieser, Seascape UK agent for the southwest and his team for which he likes to say consists of "best amateurs money can buy" took the Seascape18 UK title for 2011. Ratko Štibrič and his Croatian crew managed to nip him one bullet on the last day when the wind dropped.
Results here
We were also very pleased by looking at the Sportboat nationals results which sailed under the PY handicap. Seascape took 3 out of 4 first places including the victory – again by Jochem Vieser.
Results here
Seascape 18 Yachts Soon to Welcome their 200th
More and more people are choosing the Seascape 18 and soon will break through the 200 mark! With luck this year the UK market will grow to a size we would all like to see, along with well supported events all within easy travel distance.
The futures bright!


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Latest posts
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Ermahgerd, it's that time of the year again! Time to help Close the Gap with a snap – our annual Instagram photo challenge for students.
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If your bestie was going to die almost two decades before you, just because of their race, you'd probably give a you-know-what. So why do we put up with fact that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples can expect to live 10-17 years less than non-indigenous Australians?
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Some stuff you can't choose. But a future where people don't go hungry on the basis of their sex, religion, age or location isn't one of them. You can help create that future by joining the national Oxfam on Campus Network now. Cookies included.
Sustainable Summer Stunts
Posted in: Events
As the weather steams up, and the nights turn sultry, there's so much fun to be had around the country. From food fights to waterslides, check out our list of sustainable summer activities that gets yourself off the couch and into #lyf
For thousands of years our environment has been studied intently by indigenous communities across the world. Want to hear about some traditions that kept the world in working order? Look no further!
And now, to make you feel a little less guilty about that extra drink, we give you: a list of amazing cafes and restaurants that pride themselves on ethical living. Your mission, should you choose to accept it? Tick them all off. Go!
What we eat can have a huge effect on the environment. It can be overwhelming trying to figure out how to eat your way to a happier planet, but there is one incredibly simple change you can make, & you'd be surprised how much of a difference it makes.