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Kansas City, MO 64131
$534 -
0-3 Beds
1-2 Baths
Pets OK
Red Bridge,
Kansas City,
(Red Bridge, Red Bridge South)
807 units |
0-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
Current Rent Specials
(816) 410-5330
Kansas City, MO 64151
$750 -
1-2 Beds
1-2 Baths
Pets OK
Kelly Crossing,
Kansas City,
(Kelly Crossing)
624 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 410-1756
Overland Park, KS 66223
$765 -
1-3 Beds
1-2 Baths
Pets OK
Sandstone Creek,
Overland Park,
(Sandstone Creek)
280 units |
1-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(913) 871-3303
Raytown, MO 64129
$505 -
1-2 Beds
1 Baths
Pets OK
Lewis Heights,
(Lewis Heights)
200 units |
1-2 Beds |
1 Baths
(816) 521-6461
Lees Summit, MO 64086
$700 -
Lees Summit,
160 units |
1-2 Beds |
1 Baths
(816) 282-6891
Independence, MO 64055
$530 -
156 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 272-8242
Kansas City, MO 64118
$705 -
Kansas City,
146 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 698-5650
Prairie Village, KS 66208
$768 -
Prairie Village,
342 units |
1-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(913) 800-5795
Blue Springs, MO 64014
$800 -
2-3 Beds
1 Baths
Pets OK
Blue Springs,
200 units |
2-3 Beds |
1 Baths
(816) 463-8054
Gardner, KS 66030
$745 -
168 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(913) 884-1806
Kansas City, MO 64133
$550 -
Kansas City,
384 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 521-6448
Kansas City, MO 64112
$650 -
Plaza Westport,
Kansas City,
(Plaza Westport, The Plaza)
214 units |
0-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 410-1746
$925 -
Kansas City,
298 units |
1-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 479-2183
Kansas City, MO 64111
$520 -
0-2 Beds
1-2 Baths
Pets OK
Broadway Gillham,
Kansas City,
(Broadway Gillham, North Hyde Park)
139 units |
0-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 410-3957
Lees Summit, MO 64063
$625 -
119 units |
1-2 Beds |
1 Baths
(816) 521-6352
$755 -
Corbin Crossing,
Overland Park,
(Corbin Crossing)
716 units |
1-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(913) 815-4312
$600 -
606 units |
1-3 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 479-4688
Olathe, KS 66062
$985 -
2-3 Beds
2 Baths
Pets OK
142 units |
2-3 Beds |
2 Baths
(913) 815-8344
$1038 -
Kansas City,
(Roanoke, Westport)
288 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(816) 256-8201
Overland Park, KS 66213
$700 -
Overland Park,
376 units |
1-2 Beds |
1-2 Baths
(913) 871-6184
Nature lovers and their four-legged friends will adore living in the lush neighborhood of Brookside Kansas City. Towering trees echo the tall buildings in downtown, touching the skies, but offering the beautiful organic shapes of nature instead of the rigid lines of man-made structures. Forget about having to settle for a sub-par living space because you need housing that accommodates your pet. Here, the houses are gorgeous and huge, giving you plenty of room to stretch and giving your cat plenty of ground to cover, both indoors and out. Your dog will never be bored at home, when he's got so many rooms to play in.
The pet-friendly apartments in Kansas City are one of the greatest areas to live in. Brookside has nice, quiet streets that will be a relief to come home to after a long day at work. Your new neighborhood is also home to many young families, whose children will adore your furry friend almost as much as you do. In fact, these friendly neighbors will be a wonderful resource if you have to travel for work or want to spend the night out. You won't have to worry about your pet being bored or lonely when you're surrounded by such lovely neighbors.
The hometown feel of Brookside is further enhanced by the many locally owned shops and restaurants. You'll be able to take your dog out for a walk around town and enjoy homecooked meals, quality coffee and unique furnishings. Gone are the days when you'd have to go shopping without your beloved pet. Here, business owners will recognize you and your four-legged companion.
If you're looking for more foot traffic and feel that your pet would benefit from meeting even more people outside of your pet-friendly apartment in Kansas City, head downtown. The quick drive into the heart of Kansas City means you'll be able to enjoy a night out in the city without having to worry about the commute back home. Your dog will love the many sights and sounds of the metropolitan area and will have much to take in, so don't be surprised when your pet falls asleep on the ride back.
Additionally, the easy access to the many activities in downtown allows you to grab a drink after work and ensures that you'll still be home in time to walk your dog or let your cat out. You'll never feel the scheduling strain or time crunch again when you're living so close to Kansas City, giving you the perfect opportunity to perfect your work-life balance.
Your friends will be envious of your new living space, where you and your pet have tons of space to relax in, beautiful streets to walk down and being located just a stone's throw from bustling downtown Kansas City. Your dog will certainly notice the change and will love it as much as you do. If you're looking for a great place to live with your pet that's close to Kansas City, look no further than the gorgeous pet-friendly apartments in Brookside.
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Ming (Self-Portrait)
12″ × 18″ Japanese Sumi Ink & Pastel on pastel paper
8199 views on 3-6-2015
Featured in the Painted Ladies Group
Featured in The Top Favorite Group
Featured in The Outcast Somewhere
beautiful Ming!!
have a good night tonight!!
and a great year as well!!
Thank you!! HAPPY NEW YEAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :))))))) M&M
– Ming Myaskovsky
Wow this is beautiful Ming…I am sure you looked so elegant in this dress!!!
Great work…keep 'em coming please :)))
Dear Jeneke :) Thank you very much for your kinds words. :)))))))))) M&M
– Ming Myaskovsky
Beautiful xxx
Have a lovely evening and all the best for 2009 xxxxxxx
– Ming Myaskovsky
wonderful ..very good !!
Hi, Catherine thank you so much!!!!!!!
– Ming Myaskovsky
Very elegant design
Thank YOU so much dear Mike, greatly appreciated ! :) XXOO
– Ming Myaskovsky
Ming that looks like a page from French Vogue in the forties – so classy and elegant. You are so talented. I am in awe.
Thank YOU so much dear Earthangel, greatly appreciated ! :) XXOO
– Ming Myaskovsky
Stylish, elegant, sexy, a classic :-)
Thank YOU so much dear Peter ! :) XXOO
– Ming Myaskovsky
A real beauty
Thank you ( blamo) interesting name. ;)) Ming
– Ming Myaskovsky
simple and beautiful!
Thank you for your comment, much appreciated. :))))
– Ming Myaskovsky


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Shared Arrival Transfer: Ezeiza International Airport to Buenos Aires Hotels
- One-way transfer from Ezeiza International Airport to Buenos Aires hotels
- Start your stay in Buenos Aires with hassle-free airport transportation
- Enjoy door-to-door service with a professional driver
- Available 24 hours a day, seven days a week
What You Can Expect
When making a booking, you will need to advise your flight details and your Buenos Aires hotel details. Your transfer will be confirmed instantaneously, and you will be provided with a travel voucher to present to the driver.
Customer Reviews
March 2015
very good and helpfull
March 2015
Only way to go..! Just remember to always reconfirm.


text:
Dope Sick
From Library Staff
Seeing no way out of his difficult life in Harlem, seventeen-year-old Jeremy "Lil J" Dance flees into a house after a drug deal goes awry and meets a weird man who shows different turning points in Lil J's life when he could have made better choices
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Howdy all, I just moved to Lemoore from SC and FL. I was hoping there would be some good riding out this way. I looked at the trails listed on this website for central CA, but it seems that all those trails haven't been reviewed since 2004. Please help this eastcoaster find a place to ride.
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The South American fur seal (SAFS), Arctocephalus australis, was severely depleted during the 18th century. This work updates information on distribution, abundance, seasonal movements, and genetic structure along the southwestern South Atlantic. Its distribution in Argentine waters includes nineteen rookeries on the Patagonian coast, Isla de los Estados, and islets of the Beagle Channel. Censuses were carried out in rookeries from Isla Escondida to Isla de los Estados from 1996 to 2014. The largest concentrations are found in Chubut, (4,500–15,500 seals) and Isla de los Estados (4,500). Pups were recorded on Isla Escondida, Rasa, and Isla de los Estados. An increasing number of SAFS were recorded in northern Patagonia, including seals marked in Uruguay. Skin samples were taken from southern Brazil to Tierra del Fuego in order to evaluate population structure and demographic trends. Genetic results indicated no population subdivisions (Φst = −0.0292, Fst = −0.00716, P > 0.05). Bayesian skyline plots constructed for the entire data set indicated evidence of rapid population expansion discernible in Nef between the last 20,000 and 17,000 yr. Genetics results and observation data from marked fur seals support the hypothesis of ancient gene flow and a single Atlantic population. Therefore, SAFS should be managed under international and integrated conservation policies.
Visual line-transect surveys are commonly used to estimate cetacean abundance. A key parameter in such studies is g(0), the probability of detecting an animal that is directly on the transect line. This is typically considered to be constant for a species across survey conditions. A method is developed to estimate the relative values of g(0) in different survey conditions (Beaufort state) by comparing Beaufort-specific density estimates. The approach is based on fitting generalized additive models, with the presence of a sighting on a survey segment as the dependent variable, Beaufort state as the key explanatory variable, and year, latitude, and longitude as nuisance variables to control for real differences in density over time and space. Values of relative g(0) are estimated for 20 cetacean taxa using 175,000 km of line-transect survey data from the eastern and central Pacific Ocean from 1986 to 2010. Results show that g(0) decreases as Beaufort state increases, even for visually conspicuous species. This effect is greatest for the least conspicuous species (rough-toothed dolphins, beaked whales, minke whales, and dwarf and pygmy sperm whales). Ignoring these large effects results in a nontrivial bias in cetacean abundance estimates.
Marine traffic is a significant source of disturbance to the bottlenose dolphin population in the Istanbul Strait, Turkey. To determine the importance of this threat, behavioral data together with sighting data of both dolphins and marine vessels were assessed for 2012. The current study suggests that the Istanbul Strait is used mostly as a foraging ground for bottlenose dolphins. Nonetheless, in the same area there is intense marine traffic as well as increase of industrial fishing activities in autumn. The findings of this study indicated that high-speed ferries and high-speed boats were the most significant source of disturbance. Moreover, increased densities of fishing vessels resulted in a drastic decline of dolphin sightings. This study highlights that vessel type, speed, distance, and density have a cumulative negative effect on dolphins. In order to mitigate the impacts of vessels, it is necessary to establish managed areas in the Istanbul Strait. Such proposed areas should limit speed and density of marine traffic and have specific restrictions on vessel routes. We propose three different seasonal managed areas according to their values as critical habitat for bottlenose dolphins in the strait.
Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population migrate in nearshore leads through the Chukchi Sea each spring to summering grounds in the Beaufort Sea. As part of a population abundance study, hydrophones were deployed in the Chukchi Sea off Point Barrow, (12 April to 27 May 2011) and in the Beaufort Sea (12 April to 30 June 2011). Data from these sites were analyzed for the presence of bowhead whale song. We identified 12 unique song types sung by at least 32 individuals during ~95 h of recordings off Point Barrow. Six of these songs were detected at the Beaufort MARU site as well as six additional song types that were not analyzed. These results suggest a shared song repertoire among some individuals. This report represents the greatest number of songs to date during the spring migration for this population. We attribute this greater variety to population growth over the 30 yr since acoustic monitoring began in the early 1980s. Singing during early to mid-spring is consistent with the hypothesis that song is a reproductive display, but further research is necessary to understand the exact function of this complex vocal behavior.
Many pinniped populations precipitously declined during the 19th and 20th centuries due to overharvesting. In Uruguay, the South American sea lion (SASL) was harvested until 1986. Birth rates in two nearby breeding colonies have had opposite trends for at least 20 yr. We assessed different mechanisms that could explain opposite trends in birth rates in the two SASL colonies. We compared feeding habits (δ15N and δ13C) of breeding females, birth mass, individual growth rate and early survival of pups and the social structure between colonies. Breeding females from the two colonies did not differ in their feeding habits. However, male and female pups grew faster but had a lower survival in the second month in the smallest colony. We found differences in the social structures, with a higher proportion of males in the smallest colony. The latter is important because peripheral SASL males may abduct and kill pups, which may explain the lower survival of pups in smaller colonies. We believe that the cumulative effects of population extractions have lowered the local SASL population size and disrupted its social structure to the point where Allee-like effects could become important and hamper the recovery of the Uruguayan SASL population.
The social structure of Baird's beaked whales is completely unstudied, and it is unknown if either females or males form long-term social associations or occur in stable groups. In this paper we summarize our observations of individually identified animals over the span of 6 yr to provide insight on their long-term social structure. We have identified 122 whales, with 28 of them encountered three times or more and thus included in the analysis of social structure. We found that the whales exhibited nonrandom patterns of social associations with some individuals preferentially associating with each other. Whales with more scarred skin had higher maximum association coefficients, which indicates that older animals and/or males were more inclined to form stable associations. Cluster analysis with a modularity test for gregariousness divided the whales into four clusters. Whales from the same clusters did not always occur together, but some individuals retained stable associations over several years. The strength of social relationships decayed over periods of months, with between-year relationships showing little deviation from what would be expected if association was random. Generally these findings do not correspond to a stable society with fixed groups but instead suggest a fission-fusion society with some stable alliances.
Heart rate and rhythm is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which matures during the first months of life. Little is known about heart rate and rhythm development and potential arrhythmias in seal pups during rehabilitation in seal centers. Using an iPhone ECG device, 1 min ECGs were obtained from harbor seal pups admitted to a seal rehabilitation facility. ECGs were taken from 55 seals after admission, 53 seals after 14 d, and 52 seals prior to release. From 24 seal pups additional ECGs were taken daily for the first week of rehabilitation. At admission sinus rhythm with a median heart rate of 148 complexes per minute was detected, prior to release sinus bradycardia or sinus arrhythmia with a median heart rate of 104 complexes minute was present. P wave morphology was highly variable and single supra- and ventricular premature complexes were recorded in individual animals. The first 14 d were characterized by highly variable heart rates and rhythms, including episodes of sinus tachycardia and 2nd degree atrioventricular blocks. The reduction in heart rates and development of a regular heart rhythm during rehabilitation suggest adaptation to the unfamiliar environment, resolution of disease, and/or maturation of the autonomic nervous system.
Activity budget data are essential for determining behavioral responses to physiological and ecological variables. Yet, few studies are available to investigate the robustness, accuracy, and biases of the methods used to estimate activity budgets for cetaceans. In this study, we compare activity budgets of 55 adult female bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia derived from two methods: surveys (n = 6,903) and focal follows (n = 1,185, totaling 2,721 h of observation). Activity budgets estimated from survey data differed in all behavioral states compared to focal follow data. However, when controlling for temporal autocorrelation, only time spent socializing and time spent traveling remained disparate between the methods. To control for biases associated with assigning group-level behavior to individuals, we also compared survey and focal follow activity budgets for lone females. Here we found differences between methods in time spent foraging and traveling regardless of whether we controlled for temporal autocorrelation, which suggests detection biases likely play a role in explaining differences in activity budget estimates between the two methodologies. Our results suggest that surveys are less representative of individual-level activity budgets, and thus, when individual-level knowledge about behavior is needed, focal follows are preferred.
Investigating intraspecific variation in acoustic signals can indicate the extent of isolation and divergence between populations and adaptations to local environments. Here we analyze the variation in killer whale high-frequency (>17 kHz) whistles recorded off Norway, Iceland, and in the North Pacific. We used a combination of methods including multivariate comparisons of spectral and temporal parameters and categorization of contours to types. Our results show that spectral and temporal characteristics of high-frequency whistles recorded in the North Pacific show significant differences from whistles recorded in the Northeast Atlantic, being generally stereotyped, lower in frequency, and slightly longer in duration. Most high-frequency whistles from the North Pacific were downsweeps, whereas this was one of the least common types recorded in the Northeast Atlantic. The repertoire of whistles recorded in Norway was similar to Iceland, but whistles produced in Norway had significantly lower maximum frequency and frequency range. Most methods were able to discriminate between whistles of the North Pacific and the Northeast Atlantic, but were unable to consistently distinguish whistles from Iceland and Norway. This suggests that macro- and microgeographic differences in high-frequency whistles of killer whales may reflect historical geographic isolation between ocean basins and more recent divergence between adjacent populations.
This study describes pulsed signals from bottlenose dolphins of the central Mediterranean Sea. Data were collected during 2011 and 2012 in 27 surveys in the Sicilian Channel, during which 163 animals were sighted. Based mainly on the pulse repetition rate, the signals were classified as Low-frequency click (LF; single clicks without a regular pulse rate), Train click (TC; with a interclick interval of 80 ± 2 ms), Burst (with a interclick interval of 3.4 ± 0.2 ms), or Packed click (with a lower number of clicks per train and median interclick interval of 3.2 ± 0.0 ms). The measured parameters were peak sound pressure level (SPLpk); signal duration; the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd peak of frequency; number of peaks frequency; bandwidth; centroid frequency; and the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the power spectrum distribution. Most of the parameters were significantly different among the groups, reflecting the different functions of these signals. LF clicks showed a lower peak frequency and percentiles and a longer duration and could be used to explore a wide area without a specific target focalization and with less resolution. The TC showed a higher SPLpk, higher peak frequency, lower duration, and lower number of secondary peaks frequency, showing a better resolution to investigate a specific target.
Ganges river dolphin abundance has undergone a predominant decline across its range since monitoring began. In Nepal, disappearance from some of the rivers it once used has already occurred. Today this species can only be found in three river systems in Nepal, the Karnali, Sapta Koshi, and Narayani, but numbers are low in these locations. To determine the abundance of dolphins remaining in the Karnali system (which includes the Karnali, Geruwa, and Mohana), and factors affecting dolphin habitat use, we conducted surveys where we recorded dolphin presence. Dolphins within this river system were sighted only in the Karnali and an abundance estimate of 5.04 ± 0.753 SE was calculated. This pattern of ranging differed from that previously reported (from previous sightings only in the Geruwa to current sightings only in the Karnali). River depth likely contributed to the presence or absence of dolphins. Shifts in available habitat between the Geruwa and Karnali have resulted from changes in the course of the main stream Karnali following construction of the Chisapani irrigation intake. Because of the low numbers of dolphins reported, there is great concern that loss of this species in Nepal is likely in the near future.
Pacific walruses may be unable to meet caloric requirements in the changing Arctic ecosystem, which could affect body condition and have population-level consequences. Body condition has historically been monitored by measuring blubber thickness over the xiphoid process (sternum). This may be an unreliable condition index because blubber at other sites along the body may be preferentially targeted to balance energetic demands. Animals in aquaria provided an opportunity for controlled study of how blubber topography is altered by caloric intake. Morphology, body mass, blubber thickness (21 sites), and caloric intake of five mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating female walruses were measured monthly (12 month minimum). Body condition (mass × standard length−1) was described by a model that included caloric intake and a seasonal effect, and scaled positively with estimates of total blubber mass. Blubber thicknesses (1.91–10.69 cm) varied topographically and were similar to values reported for free-ranging female walruses. Body condition was most closely related to blubber thickness measured dorsomedially in the region of the anterior insertion of the pectoral flippers (shoulders); sternum blubber thickness was a relatively poor indicator of condition. This study demonstrates the importance of validating condition metrics before using them to monitor free-ranging populations.
Reports of killer whales (Orcinus orca) preying on large whales have been relatively rare, and the ecological significance of these attacks is controversial. Here we report on numerous observations of killer whales preying on neonate humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Western Australia (WA) based on reports we compiled and our own observations. Attacking killer whales included at least 19 individuals from three stable social groupings in a highly connected local population; 22 separate attacks with known outcomes resulted in at least 14 (64%) kills of humpback calves. We satellite-tagged an adult female killer whale and followed her group on the water for 20.3 h over six separate days. During that time, they attacked eight humpback calves, and from the seven known outcomes, at least three calves (43%) were killed. Overall, our observations suggest that humpback calves are a predictable, plentiful, and readily taken prey source for killer whales and scavenging sharks off WA for at least 5 mo/yr. Humpback "escorts" vigorously assisted mothers in protecting their calves from attacking killer whales (and a white shark, Carcharodon carcharias). This expands the purported role of escorts in humpback whale social interactions, although it is not clear how this behavior is adaptive for the escorts.
Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and flows into the Yangtze River. It is a traditional habitat for the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise, which has not been well investigated. To reveal the distribution of the porpoise in Poyang Lake, 12 passive acoustic surveys were conducted along 123 km of the main channel of the lake during different seasons (spring transition season, wet season, autumn transition season, and dry season) from 2008 to 2012. We counted the number of phonating porpoises encountered and calculated the detection rate (encountered individuals detected per kilometer). The median porpoise detection rates ranged from 0 to 0.65 individuals per kilometer during the different surveys. The highest median detection rate of 0.50 was detected in the autumn transition season. The seasonal shrinking of the lake during the dry season may cause a concentration of porpoises in the narrow channels and a high incidence of collisions with cargo ships and fishing boats. Conservation actions should be focused on the main channel of the lake during the dry and transition seasons. In addition, the expansion of the existing reserve to include areas with high porpoise detection rates is necessary.
For wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas), gestation length estimates based on fetal size have produced extreme ranges. Ex situ populations thereby provide unique opportunities to define this important life history event. Accordingly, research with ultrasound was conducted on six beluga whales over 11 gestations with known conception dates to serially measure fetal changes in biparietal diameter (BP), thoracic diameter (TD), thoracic circumference (TC), and total length (TL). Incremental polynomial regression analyses were performed on each fetal measurement to develop predictive models for determining age based on fetal size and days from parturition. Gestation length (n = 11) was a mean 467 ± 5.4 d with male calves (478 ± 8.6 d) experiencing a longer gestation (P = 0.04) than females (457 ± 3.9 d). Age at TL was best described using a 2nd order polynomial model, while linear relationships existed for BPD, TD, and TC. Accuracy was improved for predicting age (P = 0.001) or days prior to parturition (P = 0.038) using data from the first vs. the second half of gestation. The results provide accurate models for aging beluga fetuses based on size in both in situ and ex situ populations.
Humpbacks whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have shown a remarkable recovery in the North Pacific, raising concerns regarding their impact on marine communities. In Southeast Alaska, humpbacks feed heavily on euphausiids; however, it remains unclear whether they target immature individuals despite evidence that they do so elsewhere. I evaluate the hypothesis that humpbacks target immature euphausiids in late spring-summer in Southeast Alaska. Plankton samples were collected at random sites (n = 44) and near whales (n = 53) between 8 June and 9 September 2008 in Frederick Sound and Stephens Passage. The proportion of samples containing immature euphausiids, and immature euphausiid abundance within those samples, were compared between the two sample types. Similar analyses were conducted for adult euphausiids (prey) and calanoid copepods (nonprey) for comparison. I found no statistical difference between the whale and random samples with respect to the occurrence or numerical density of immature euphausiids, which is consistent with the hypothesis that whales did not target them in 2008. Smaller size, insufficient numerical densities and lower energy density of immature euphausiids are suggested as possible reasons. These findings can assist in resolving regional humpback abundance and distribution patterns, and can contribute to an understanding of the trophic interactions characterizing the local ecosystem.
We assessed scarring patterns as evidence of fisheries interactions for three populations of false killer whales in Hawai'i. Bycatch of the pelagic population in the tuna longline fishery exceeds their Potential Biological Removal level. Scarring was assessed by seven evaluators as consistent, possibly consistent, or not consistent with fisheries interactions, and average scores computed. Scores were highest for scarred main Hawaiian Island (MHI) false killer whales, followed by pelagic and Northwestern Hawaiian Island (NWHI) individuals. Considering only whales for which the majority of evaluators scored scarring as consistent revealed significant differences among populations in the percentage of individuals scarred; MHI: 7.5%, pelagic: 0%, NWHI: 0%. Assessment by social cluster for the MHI population showed that 4.2% of Cluster 1, 7.1% of Cluster 2, and 12.8% of Cluster 3 individuals had such scarring, although differences between clusters were not statistically significant. There was a significant sex bias; all sexed individuals (n = 7) with injuries consistent with fisheries interactions were female. The higher proportion of MHI individuals with fisheries-related scarring suggests that fisheries interactions are occurring at a higher rate in this population. The bias towards females suggests that fisheries-related mortality has a disproportionate impact on population dynamics.
The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is a coastal species whose nearshore summer foraging grounds off the coast of British Columbia offer an opportunity to study the fine scale foraging response of baleen whales. We explore the relationship between prey density and gray whale foraging starting with regional scale (10 km) assessments of whale density (per square kilometer) and foraging effort as a response to regional mysid density (per cubic meter), between 2006 and 2007. In addition we measure prey density at a local scale (100 m), while following foraging whales during focal surveys. We found regional mysid density had a significant positive relationship with both gray whale density and foraging effort. We identify a threshold response to regional mysid density for both whale density and foraging effort. In 2008 the lowest average local prey density measured beside a foraging whale was 2,300 mysids/m3. This level was maintained even when regional prey density was found to be substantially lower. Similar to other baleen whales, the foraging behavior of gray whales suggests a threshold response to prey density and a complex appreciation of prey availability across fine scales.
Passive acoustic data were collected January 2012 to April 2013 at four sites in the Chiloense Ecoregion (CER) in southern Chile (≈43°S–44°S, 71°W–73°W) and 1996–2002 from one site in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) (8°S, 95°W). Automatic detectors were used to detect the two songs (SEP1 and SEP2) described for southeast Pacific (SEP) blue whales. There was a strong seasonal pattern of occurrence of SEP songs in the CER from December to August, peaking March to May. In the ETP, the occurrence of songs was an order of magnitude lower but songs were present year-round, with a peak around June. These findings support austral summer/autumn seasonal residency in the CER and a seasonal movement of blue whales towards the ETP during June/July, returning in December. Interannual differences in the ETP were possibly linked to the 1997–1998 El Niño event. At both study sites, SEP2 was significantly more common than SEP1; both songs largely followed the same temporal trends. These findings contribute to our understanding of the seasonal movements of endangered SEP blue whales and can inform conservation strategies, particularly in the CER coastal feeding ground. We recommend future year-round passive acoustic studies in the CER and the ETP (e.g., near the Galapagos Islands), ideally coupled with oceanographic data.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, have been studied for almost two decades. Since 2003, fewer than 150 dolphins visited the bay during each season and the local unit has declined 7.5% annually from 1997 to 2006. The causes of decline are unclear but probably include mortality and emigration. Here, we used a long-term database to estimate reproductive parameters of female bottlenose dolphins including recruitment rates. A total of 704 surveys were conducted in which 5,577 sightings of 408 individually identified dolphins were collected; of these 53 individuals were identified as reproductive females. The calving rate increased between periods (1997–1999 = 0.13, CL = 0.07–0.21; 2003–2005 = 0.25, CL = 0.16–0.35 calves/reproductive female/year). A 0.25 calving rate suggests that on average, a female gives birth only once every four years, which is consistent with the estimated calving interval (4.3 yr, SD = 1.45) but still is lower than values reported for other populations. Conversely, apparent mortality rates to age 1+ (range: 0.34–0.52) and 2+ (range: 0.15–0.59) were higher than values reported elsewhere. The high apparent calf mortality in conjunction with a decline in local abundance, highlight the vulnerability of bottlenose dolphins in the Bay of Islands. Long-term studies are required to understand the causes of high calf mortality and the decline in local abundance. Meanwhile, management should focus on minimizing sources of anthropogenic disturbance and enforcing compliance with current legislation.
Animals that establish new sites near the edge of the species' range may be vulnerable to disturbance as they are low in numbers and are not tied to the sites. Pinniped distributions world-wide are changing as many species are recolonizing areas of their former ranges and establishing new colonies. Little research is available on the impact that vessel presence may pose on pinnipeds at such sites. This study documents responses of New Zealand fur seals to vessels in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, at a recently established breeding colony. Fur seal behavior at the breeding location was recorded in the presence of vessels. GLMM and GAM analyses revealed that fur seal responses varied with month, time of day, duration of vessel exposure, and the distance to the vessel. Age and sex of the seals, and the number of seals present also influenced fur seal response. Fur seals at this site became disturbed when vessels approached to the 10–20 m distance category, and a precautionary minimum approach distance of 50 m has been suggested. This research provides direction for monitoring and minimizing impacts of vessels on fur seals, especially where new sites are being colonized.
Pinnipeds are amphibious mammals with flippers, which function for both aquatic and terrestrial locomotion. Evolution of the flippers has placed constraints on the terrestrial locomotion of phocid seals. The detailed kinematics of terrestrial locomotion of gray (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor (Phoca vitulina) seals was studied in captivity and in the wild using video analysis. The seals exhibited dorsoventral undulations with the chest and pelvis serving as the main contact points. An anteriorly directed wave produced by spinal flexion aided in lifting the chest off the ground as the fore flippers were retracted to pull the body forward. The highest length-specific speeds recorded were 1.02 BL/s for a gray seal in captivity and 1.38 BL/s for a harbor seal in the wild. The frequency and amplitude of spinal movement increased directly with speed, but the duty factor remained constant. Substrate did not influence the kinematics except for differences due to moving up or down slopes. The highly aquatic nature of phocids seals has restricted them to locomote on land primarily using spinal flexion, which can limit performance in speed and duration.
This paper presents data from 48 resightings of 16 southern right whales that were satellite-tagged on the South African coast in September 2001, up to and including 2012. Tag performance in terms of number of days with locations received was significantly higher in males than females, and lowest in cows with calves, and attributed to behavioral differences leading to variable degrees of antenna damage. Resightings occurred from 4 to 4,054 d after tagging: tags were retained in all whales seen within 27 mo, but were apparently shed in all but one individual seen within 36 mo of tagging. The exception was a whale that still had the tag present 11 yr after tagging. Healing at the tag site occurred gradually and within 5 yr of tagging (and 2 yr after tag shedding). No significant difference in the subsequent frequency of calving was detected between 12 tagged and 382 untagged females photographed contemporaneously, and although statistical power was low, a 21% or greater reduction in calving rate in tagged females would seem incompatible with the observations. The death of one female 3 yr after tagging was more likely attributable to a ship strike on an animal debilitated by a prolapsed uterus.
Narwhal and beluga whales are important species to Arctic ecosystems, including subsistence hunting by Inuit, and little is understood about their mating ecology. Reproductive tract metrics vary across species in relation to mating strategy, and have been used to infer mating ecology. Reproductive tracts from beluga and narwhal were collected between 1997 and 2008 from five beluga stocks and two narwhal stocks across the Canadian Arctic. Tract length for males and females, relative testes mass for males, and tusk length for male narwhal were measured. We assessed variation relative to species, body size, stock, maturity, and season. Significant variation was found in testes mass across month and stock for beluga, and no significant difference between stock or date of harvest for narwhal. Beluga had significantly larger testes relative to body size than narwhal, suggesting they were more promiscuous than narwhal. A significant relationship was found between narwhal tusk length and testes mass, indicating the tusk may be important in female mate choice. No significant differences were found between narwhal and beluga reproductive tract length for males or females. The mating systems suggested for narwhal and belugas by our results mean the two species may respond differently to climate change.
Gray seals were first observed breeding in the Dutch Wadden Sea in 1985, after centuries of absence. The breeding colony there is now the largest on the European continent. We describe the changes in gray seal numbers and their geographical expansion, and estimate how these processes were influenced by immigration from other colonies. Counts of hauled out animals were carried out between 1985 and 2013, monitoring three different periods of the seals' annual cycle. Using priors determined for the UK population, a Bayesian demographic model was fitted to pup numbers to estimate the population parameters driving the growth. This included immigration of subadults into the breeding population, which contributed to an average growth rate in the pup counts of 19%/yr, much higher than expected in a closed population. This immigration may account for approximately 35% of the total annual growth. In addition, at least 200 gray seals from the UK visit the area temporarily. Recovery of the population in the Netherlands occurred more than 50 yr after gray seals were protected in the UK. These time scales should be taken into account when studying long living marine mammals, e.g., in impact and conservation studies.
Due to the highly predictable patterns of occupancy on land, pinnipeds are one of the main marine resources observed by tourists, which, in turn, could strongly perturb their behavior. We analyzed the behavioral responses of the South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) to the presence of tourists and its variation according to temporal (2012 vs. 2013 austral summer months), spatial (breeding vs. nonbreeding sites of the colony), and age/sex class (adult males vs. subadult males vs. females) factors, and determined the relationship between the degree of responses by sea lions and the distance of the vessel to the colony, visitation time, and tourist behavior. We recorded 1,232 boat visits during 2012 and 2013. Subadult males were the age/sex class most affected in the breeding site, followed by adult females at the nonbreeding site. More disturbing conduct by tourists, longer visitation time, and vessels closer to the colony caused greater responses by sea lions. The established minimum distance from the colony is not enforced, generating an adverse response by sea lions. We recommend the development of management plans with the local coastal communities to decrease the impact of ecotourism on the species and enhance the sustainability of this industry.
Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are found worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, often occurring as distinct coastal and offshore ecotypes. Along the west coast of the United States, two stocks are recognized for management based on morphological and photo-identification studies: a California coastal stock, estimated at 450–500 individuals, and a California/Oregon/Washington offshore stock of about 1,000 animals. This study is the first to analyze genetic differentiation between these stocks. We examined both the hypervariable portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and fifteen microsatellite markers for coastal (n = 64) and offshore (n = 69) dolphins. Significant genetic differentiation was found between the two stocks for mtDNA (ΦST = 0.30, P < 0.001; FST = 0.14, P < 0.001) and microsatellite loci (FST = 0.19, P < 0.001). Coastal dolphins had less genetic diversity than offshore dolphins. Further substructuring within the offshore stock was not detected. The level of genetic differentiation between the coastal and offshore dolphins is consistent with long-term separation and reinforces recognizing them as separate stocks. These findings are particularly important for management of the smaller, less genetically diverse, coastal stock that is vulnerable to a variety of anthropogenic threats.
Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) are sentinel species in the Arctic and to investigate marine food web changes from 1982–2011 we examined diet using fatty acids, δ15N, and δ13C, in narwhals from Baffin Bay (BB) and northern Hudson Bay (NHB). We predicted temporal changes would be greater in NHB due to a significant reduction in summer ice cover. In NHB, δ15N significantly increased, δ13C displayed a parabolic trend, and fatty acids gradually shifted, albeit not significantly, over time. δ15N was stable, δ13C decreased, and fatty acids significantly changed over time in BB. Stable isotope mixing models indicated a dietary reduction in capelin and increase in Greenland halibut from 1994–2000 to 2006–2011 in BB, while capelin was an important dietary component for narwhals in NHB in recent years (2006–2011). These dietary changes may be attributed to changes in sea ice and narwhal migration. Seasonal dietary changes, as evidenced by changes in blubber fatty acids and skin and muscle stable isotopes, were not as apparent in the NHB population, which may be indicative of a reduced migratory distance. Long-term monitoring of narwhal diet and migratory patterns associated with reduced sea ice provides invaluable information about how the marine ecosystem will redistribute with global warming.
The Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) is one of the few freshwater seal populations worldwide. The major conservation issue of this critically endangered population is bycatch mortality. We used digestive tract content and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to estimate the diet and seasonal feeding patterns for gaining better understanding of the seals feeding habits and potential conservation implications. The diet was similar across age groups. Altogether 15 fish species were identified and the most important were smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), vendace (Coregonus albula) and cyprinids. The high δ15N values suggested that the seals lose weight during winter and spring. Additionally the drop in δ15N values indicated that pups start to recover from postweaning stress and gain weight around the age of 6 mo. The isotope values differed regionally, which emphasizes that samples from consumers and prey should be collected from the same regions to improve interpretation of the stable isotopic results. Overall, diet composition suggests minimal to nonexistent competition with commercial or recreational fishing. However, observed weight loss of pups during summer may be related to higher risk of bycatch and this should be taken into account when planning temporal fishing closures.
Tidewater glacial fjords support the largest populations of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in Alaska and are a prime destination for tour ships. Chronic disturbance from ships, however subtle, could impact long-term population stability. We examined variation in abundance and distribution of harbor seals on floating ice in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska, a tour ship destination for over a century with near daily visitation by ships in the spring/summer over the last decade. Counts of seals by aerial transect showed a sharp decline in May, prior to pupping and the first ships arriving; counts rebounded by the end of June remaining high until August. Seal distribution and abundance peaked in 5–7 tenths ice cover; total area of ice cover showed no effect. Despite regular flushing of seals by ships, we found no broad-scale patterns in seal abundance and distribution that could be explained by ship presence. We cannot rule out mechanisms of long-term disturbance, difficult to detect and that might explain notable differences with other, similar sites. Population declines at disturbed glacial sites and the still rising popularity of vessel-based tourism indicate a need for individual-based studies on how seals respond to the dynamics of glacial ice environments and human-caused stresses.
From 2003 to 2009, we surveyed Las Perlas Archipelago off the Pacific coast of Panama 53 times between the months of August and October to estimate abundance of humpback whales and to test for a migratory connection with populations from the southern hemisphere. We identified 295 individuals using photo-identification of dorsal fins, including 58 calves, and the population estimate for a single season was 100–300 solitary adults plus 25–50 mothers with calves; the estimated population of animals across all seasons using a mark and recapture model was over 1,000. Eight of the 139 fluke identifications were matched to whales in photograph catalogues from the Antarctic Peninsula and a ninth was matched to a whale sighted in Chilean waters; four of these nine individuals have also been sighted in Colombia. We conclude that Panama (Las Perlas Archipelago in particular) is an important calving area for humpback whales in the Southern Hemisphere. These data should provide a foundation for monitoring of population change and to increase awareness in Panama about the need to manage vessel traffic and tourism related to the whales at Las Perlas.
Estimates of population parameters for the short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus, are scarce in literature, contributing to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status of Data Deficient. In this study, photo-identification data collected over 7 yr from Madeira were used to estimate for the first time survivorship, capture probability, and abundance in this species using mark-recapture methodology. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber model estimated that the adult island-associated (i.e., resident and regular visitor) whales had a constant survival rate of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.853–0.990) and an annual capture probability varying between 0.372 (CI: 0.178–0.619) and 0.843 (CI: 0.619–0.947). A parameterization of the Jolly-Seber model estimated that 140 island-associated whales (CI: 131–151) used the area throughout the course of the study. Based on a closed population model, the most precise (lower CV) annual estimate of the total number of pilot whales using the southern and eastern waters of Madeira (~900 km2) in a 3 mo period covering summer/autumn was 334 animals (CI: 260–437). No trend was observed. Despite including biases, the approach used in this study provided plausible estimates of population parameters, which can contribute to the regional conservation strategies.
Skeletal remains of baleen whales killed during the onset of 20th century commercial whaling lie scattered across the shores and abandoned whaling stations of the subantarctic island of South Georgia. Here we report on genetic species identification of whale bones collected from South Georgia using standard historical DNA protocols. We amplified and sequenced short fragments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region from 281 available bone samples. Of these, 231 provided mtDNA sequences of sufficient quality and length (174–194 bp) for species identification: 158 bones were identified as humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), 51 bones were identified as fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), 18 bones were identified as blue whale (B. musculus), two bones were identified as sei whale (B. borealis), one bone was identified as a southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), and one bone was identified as a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). The prominence of humpback, fin, and blue whale bones in the sample collection corresponds to the catch record of the early years of whaling on the island of South Georgia (pre-1915), prior to the depletion of these populations.
We contrast two methods for estimating the trends of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in West Greenland: (1) double platform visual aerial survey, corrected for missed sightings and the time the whales are available at the surface; and (2) a genetic capture-recapture approach based on a 14-yr-long biopsy sampling program in Disko Bay. The aerial survey covered 39,000 km2 and resulted in 58 sightings, yielding an abundance estimate of 744 whales (CV = 0.34, 95% CI: 357–1,461). The genetic method relied on determining sex, mitochondrial haplotypes and genotypes of nine microsatellite markers. Based on samples from a total of 427 individuals, with 11 recaptures from previous years in 2013, this resulted in an estimate of 1,538 whales (CV = 0.24, 95% CI: 827–2,249). While the aerial survey is considered a snapshot of the local spring aggregation in Disko Bay, the genetic approach estimates the abundance of the source of this aggregation. As the whales in Disko Bay primarily are adult females that do not visit the bay annually, the genetic method would presumably yield higher estimates. The studies indicate that an increase in abundance observed between 1998 and 2006 has leveled off.
This study examines resource use (diet, habitat use, and trophic level) within and among demographic groups (males, females, and juveniles) of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We analyzed the δ13C and δ15N values of 15 prey species constituting 84% of the species found in stomach contents. We used these data to establish a trophic enrichment factor (TEF) to inform dietary analysis using a Bayesian isotope mixing model. We document a TEF of 0‰ and 2.0‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. The dietary results showed that all demographic groups relied heavily on low trophic level seagrass-associated prey. Bayesian standard ellipse areas (SEAb) were calculated to assess diversity in resource use. The SEAb of females was nearly four times larger than that of males indicating varied resource use, likely a consequence of small home ranges and habitat specialization. Juveniles possessed an intermediate SEAb, generally feeding at a lower trophic level compared to females, potentially an effect of natal philopatry and immature foraging skills. The small SEAb of males reflects a high degree of specialization on seagrass associated prey. Patterns in resource use by the demographic groups are likely linked to differences in the relative importance of social and ecological factors.
We evaluated the performance of dolphin echolocation detectors (C-PODs) in the New River, North Carolina, by ground-truthing echolocation detections with digital acoustic recordings. We deployed C-PODs at three sites for a total of 204 monitoring hours. We also performed detection range trials at two sites where water depths ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 m. We used Detection Positive Minutes (DPMs), minutes of C-POD recordings that contained at least one echolocation click train, to indicate the presence of at least one dolphin. The C-PODs performed well in detecting dolphin click trains, although all units performed conservatively by failing to detect some echolocation events and therefore underestimated the true occurrence of dolphins. C-PODs reported only a small number of false detections, as indicated by low false positive rates ranging between 1% and 4% for individual units. Overall, C-PODs performed with a high accuracy (72%–91%) and detected echolocation at a distance of at least 933 m. We conclude that C-PODs hold considerable promise in future monitoring studies of this species, but recommend a careful study design especially in complex, coastal environments.
Wildfires have been shown to impact terrestrial species over a range of temporal scales. Little is known, however, about the more subtle toxicological effects of wildfires, particularly in downstream marine or downwind locations from the wildfire perimeter. These down-current effects may be just as substantial as those effects within the perimeter. We used gene transcription technology, a sensitive indicator of immunological perturbation, to study the effects of the 2008 Basin Complex Fire on the California coast on a sentinel marine species, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). We captured sea otters in 2008 (3 mo after the Basin Complex Fire was controlled) and 2009 (15 mo after the Basin Complex Fire was controlled) in the adjacent nearshore environment near Big Sur, California. Gene responses were distinctly different between Big Sur temporal groups, signifying detoxification of PAHs, possible associated response to potential malignant transformation, and suppression of immune function as the primary responses of sea otters to fire in 2008 compared to those captured in 2009. In general, gene transcription patterns in the 2008 sea otters were indicative of molecular reactions to organic exposure, malignant transformation, and decreased ability to respond to pathogens that seemed to consistent with short-term hydrocarbon exposure.
Investigating resource partitioning among mobile marine predators such as cetaceans is challenging. Here we integrate multiple methodologies (analyses of habitat use, stable isotopes and trace elements) to assess ecological niche partitioning amongst two genetically divergent sympatric subpopulations (North and South) of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Moreton Bay, Australia. Comparisons of the mean locations (latitude, longitude) and environmental variables (distance from sandbanks, distance from shore and water depth) observed at sightings of biopsy-sampled individuals indicated that the North subpopulation occurred in the northwestern bay in significantly deeper water than the South subpopulation, which was found in southeastern nearshore waters and closer to sandbanks. Ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in skin samples suggested that North dolphins foraged on higher trophic level prey in relatively more pelagic, offshore habitats, while South dolphins foraged on lower trophic prey in more nearshore, demersal and/or benthic habitats. Habitat partitioning was also reflected in higher blubber concentrations of most of the 13 measured trace elements, in particular lead, in the coastal South compared to the more pelagic North dolphins. These findings indicate that genetic subpopulations of bottlenose dolphins in Moreton Bay are adapted to different niches.
Global climate change may fundamentally alter population dynamics of many species for which baseline population parameter estimates are imprecise or lacking. Historically, the Pacific walrus is thought to have been limited by harvest, but it may become limited by global warming-induced reductions in sea ice. Loss of sea ice, on which walruses rest between foraging bouts, may reduce access to food, thus lowering vital rates. Rigorous walrus survival rate estimates do not exist, and other population parameter estimates are out of date or have well-documented bias and imprecision. To provide useful population parameter estimates we developed a Bayesian, hidden process demographic model of walrus population dynamics from 1974 through 2006 that combined annual age-specific harvest estimates with five population size estimates, six standing age structure estimates, and two reproductive rate estimates. Median density independent natural survival was high for juveniles (0.97) and adults (0.99), and annual density dependent vital rates rose from 0.06 to 0.11 for reproduction, 0.31 to 0.59 for survival of neonatal calves, and 0.39 to 0.85 for survival of older calves, concomitant with a population decline. This integrated population model provides a baseline for estimating changing population dynamics resulting from changing harvests or sea ice.
Near the Kodiak Archipelago, fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales frequently overlap spatially and temporally. The Gulf Apex Predator-prey study (GAP) investigated the prey use and potential prey partitioning between these sympatric species by combining concurrent analysis of vertical whale distribution with acoustic assessment of pelagic prey. Acoustic backscatter was classified as consistent with either fish or zooplankton. Whale dive depths were determined through suction cup tags. Tagged humpback whales (n = 10) were most often associated with distribution of fish, except when zooplankton density was very high. Associations between the dive depths of tagged fin whales (n = 4) and the vertical distribution of either prey type were less conclusive. However, prey assessment methods did not adequately describe the distribution of copepods, a potentially significant resource for fin whales. Mean dive parameters showed no significant difference between species when compared across all surveys. However, fin whales spent a greater proportion of dive time in the foraging phase than humpbacks, suggesting a possible difference in foraging efficiency between the two. These results suggest that humpback and fin whales may target different prey, with the greatest potential for diet overlap occurring when the density of zooplankton is very high.
Blue whales were targeted in the North Pacific from 1905–1971 and are listed as endangered by the IUCN. Despite decades without whaling, abundance estimates for eastern North Pacific (ENP) blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) suggest little evidence for a recent increase. One possible reason is fatal strikes by large ships, which have affected populations of other cetaceans and resulted in mitigation. We used a population dynamics model to assess the trends and status of ENP blue whales, and the effects of ship strikes. We estimate the population likely never dropped below 460 individuals, and is at 97% of carrying capacity (95% interval 62%–99%). These results suggest density dependence, not ship strikes, is the key reason for the observed lack of increase. We also estimate future strikes will likely have a minimal impact; for example, an 11-fold increase in vessels would lead to a 50% chance the long-term population would be considered depleted. Although we estimate ship strike mitigation would have minimal impacts on population trends and status, current levels of ship strikes are likely above legal limits set by the U.S. The recovery of ENP blue whales from whaling demonstrates the ability of blue whale populations to rebuild under careful management.
Capture-recapture methods are frequently employed to estimate abundance of cetaceans using photographic techniques and a variety of statistical models. However, there are many unresolved issues regarding the selection and manipulation of images that can potentially impose bias on resulting estimates. To examine the potential impact of these issues we circulated a test data set of dorsal fin images from bottlenose dolphins to several independent research groups. Photo-identification methods were generally similar, but the selection, scoring, and matching of images varied greatly amongst groups. Based on these results we make the following recommendations. Researchers should: (1) determine the degree of marking, or level of distinctiveness, and use images of sufficient quality to recognize animals of that level of distinctiveness; (2) ensure that markings are sufficiently distinct to eliminate the potential for "twins" to occur; (3) stratify data sets by distinctiveness and generate a series of abundance estimates to investigate the influence of including animals of varying degrees of markings; and (4) strive to examine and incorporate variability among analysts into capture-recapture estimation. In this paper we summarize these potential sources of bias and provide recommendations for best practices for using natural markings in a capture-recapture framework.
The need to manage otariid populations has necessitated the development of a wide range of capture methods. Chemical restraint by remote drug delivery (i.e., darting) is a highly selective method that can be used to facilitate otariid capture in a range of scenarios, when other methods may be impracticable. However, the risks associated with darting otariids are not widely known and guidelines necessary to promote and refine best practice do not exist. We review the risks associated with darting and in light of our findings, develop darting guidelines to help practitioners assess and minimize risks during capture, anesthesia and recovery. Published studies reveal that mortalities associated with darting predominantly result from complications during anesthetic maintenance (e.g., prolonged respiratory depression, apnea, or hyperthermia), rather than from complications during capture or recovery. In addition to monitoring vital signs and proper intervention, the risk of irreversible complications during anesthesia can be reduced by administering drug doses that are sufficient to enable the capture and masking of animals, after which anesthetic depth can be regulated using gas anesthesia.


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Adults fish free with kids next weekend
Minnesotans age 16 or older can try ice fishing without purchasing an angling license if they take a child younger than 16 fishing during Take-A-Kid Ice Fishing Weekend on Saturday, Feb. 19, through Monday, Feb. 21.
"This is an opportunity to get outdoors with friends and family and connect with nature," said Mike Kurre, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) mentoring program coordinator. "And there are a number of opportunities for people to learn how."
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You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at email@example.com and we can help you.


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Clearance Surgical Steel D Ring. Our Surgical Steel D Rings are all 316LVM. They are NOT the cheaper commercial grade of 316L Surgical Steel that you are usually offered in Body Jewelry. Captive Bead Rings comes with a Surgical Steel Bead. These rings are used in most all piercings, and are the perfect choice for most first time piercings. The "size" is the straight shaft length, so if you need say a 1/2" straight barbell then you will want to order a 1/2" D-Ring.
- Price: $16.14 - Out of stock


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Grilled Tofu & Red Pepper Tacos
This is a quick dish that is perfect for a weeknight dinner. These tofu...Read More
Gluten Free Loaded Sweet Potato
This recipe is a gluten-free take on a sloppy joe. If you want to make...Read More
Mushroom Veloute Soup
Mushroom Veloute is a classic French soup, often taught in cooking schools to demonstrate the effect...Read More
Lavender Almonds
These lavender infused nuts are great for a healthy movie night, friendly get-togethers, and just...Read More


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2014 MayDay Film Festival is Coming and Kat Will Be There
The MayDay Film Festival 2014 is coming to Showplace Cinema South on Saturday May 24th, and I will be there to broadcast live with our friends at Liquid Ninja.
The MayDay Film Festival 2014 is coming to Showplace Cinema South on Saturday May 24th, and I will be there to broadcast live with our friends at Liquid Ninja.
The force is almost with you. 'Star Wars: Episode 7,' which opens in theaters on December 18, 2015, officially began filming earlier this morning and we already have our first official photo tweeted from the set!
Join the Franklin Street Events Association for the first Moving Pictures & Picnic in the Park on May 25th.
We're pretty much pre-sold on 'Guardians of the Galaxy,' and the new poster and handful of behind-the-scenes images aren't going to change our mind much in either direction.
The new 'Interstellar' trailer is attached to 'Godzilla' in theaters, so you'll get your chance to preview Christopher Nolan's sci-fi epic in IMAX (assuming you're smart enough to see 'Godzilla' in IMAX), but the footage has finally hit the web.
Disney released its first teaser trailer for the live action 'Cinderella,' headed to theaters in March 2015. They don't give away much — or anything! — but if you're a fan of the classic, it's just enough to get excited over!
This summer, don't let the "I'm bored" monster find its way into your home. Take your kids to the Showplace Family Summer Film Festival at participating theaters. One classic family movie will be shows each week for eight weeks. Admission is only $1 per person or a Family Film Festival Kid Tray is only $2.50.
A new ad produced by visual effects artist, Bruce Branit, puts a comical-yet-nerdy spin on the popular male enhancement commercials that ends with the a wife giving her obviously Star Wars obsessed husband the ultimate anniversary gift.
Just yesterday, 'Batman vs. Superman' director Zack Snyder took to Twitter to entice fans with a teaser image of the new (and hopefully improved) batmobile coming in his 'Man of Steel' sequel with the promise of a full reveal coming soon. Now the time has come and we got more than we bargained for -- we've got our first look at Ben Affleck as The Dark Knight AND his new vehicle.
We get a brief break from the action blockbusters this weekend, with a few high-profile comedies and one animated sequel to a beloved classic.
'The Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1' is currently in the middle of production, with franchise star Jennifer Lawrence spotted on set with director Francis Lawrence in Paris. While details surrounding the scene in question are unknown, we have your latest look at the action taking place behind the scenes.
The journey of the locally produced, "supernatural thriller" continues with a run on the two week long, American Online Film Awards festival.


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Kim Basinger Celebrity Watchlist
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Birthday: December 8, 1953, Sagittarius
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After her son is kidnapped, a skilled cat burglar (Kim Basinger) is forced by the boy's captors to engineer an intricate bank job. J.T.: Val Kilmer. Schmidt: Terence Stamp. Buckner: Gailard Sartain. Patrick: Zach English. Baker: Raynor Scheine. Directed by (more…)
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Uva Rossa
Though often noisy, Uva Rossa in Malverne is always a fine spot to catch a good Italian meal without the huge Italian portions. Small plates and an attractive brick and wood interior make this restaurant modern and enjoyable -- so long as you don't mind the chatter.
Luna Garden 42 favorite Italian restaurants on Long Island 25 spots for homemade ice cream on LI French fries on LI: 10 favorites 13 fast eats at Roosevelt Field's new food court Recent Long Island restaurant openings The best gastropubs on Long Island: Eat here now The best of spaghetti and meatballs: 10 Long Island favorites 46 fine dining restaurants to try 12 LI spots serving great small plates Plates South Asian Tapas The best Mediterranean and Middle Eastern restaurants on Long Island


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For the 12th year in a row, Track Toys Racing, a racing group run by our very own Bill Tumas, rented out Cecil County Dragway in Maryland for the annual Andrew Bauer Memorial Nationals!
This year's CJ Pony Parts – Rally New England just came to a close, and we got the firsthand account from Team CJ Pony driver, Bill Tumas!
This week, we share with you the video of a 1968 Mustang's death down under. This classic Mustang was outfitted for Touring Car racing and met it's demise in the 2011 Bathurst Touring Car Masters in Australia.
The Summit Point Raceway in Summit Point, WV was just dusted by a 2012 Stage 3 Roush Mustang driven by professional racer Billy Johnson.
© 2015 CJ Pony Parts. All Rights Reserved.


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The Valdosta Daily Times, Ed Hooper, Associated Press
ATHENS, Ga. — The day started so well for Georgia. Top prospect Josh Harvey-Clemons revealed he was signing with the Bulldogs, turning a solid recruiting class into one that figured to be ranked among the nation's best.
Then the drama began.
As Wednesday dragged on, Georgia nervously waited for Harvey-Clemons to send in his signing papers, prompting speculation that his family wanted him to play elsewhere. The linebacker from Lowndes High School was heavily recruited by Florida and Florida State, which are both much closer to his south Georgia hometown than Athens.
By the time coach Mark Richt and recruiting coordinator held an early afternoon news conference — nearly four hours after Harvey-Clemons made his nationally televised announcement — there was still no word on whether he was actually following through on his decision to sign with the Bulldogs.
"We can't talk about anybody if we don't have a fax," Garner said. "We don't anticipate any hang-ups. We've just got to get the fax. That's it."
Richt was equally tightlipped.
"I'm not going to comment on any of that," he said.
Earlier, in a television interview shortly after Harvey-Clemons made his announcement, Richt was much more giddy about apparently landing a player rated by most recruiting services as the state's top prospect — and perhaps the best outside linebacker in the nation.
"I was watching on TV and learning like everyone else," Richt told ESPN. "I'm so excited. He's a great kid and just a tremendous player."
While Harvey-Clemons was on hold, Georgia did announce the signing of 18 players, including running back Keith Marshall from North Carolina, offensive lineman John Theus from Florida and 315-pound defensive lineman Jonathan Taylor of Millen, Ga.
Richt called it a versatile class that will help the Bulldogs build on a comeback year. After going 6-7 in 2010 and losing the first two games last season, leading to speculation about the coach's future, Georgia won 10 straight to claim a spot in the Southeastern Conference championship game.
"Going into last season, there was a little bit of noise," Richt said. "People were waiting to see how things were going to go. It hurt us a little bit on the front end (of recruiting). But once we had the season we had — doing something we had not done since the early '80s, winning 10 in a row, and returning a lot of players — maybe some of those guys in wait-and-see mode now feel very comfortable where Georgia is and where coach Richt and his staff are.
"We have tremendous momentum now, even going into next year's class."
But first, there was the matter of Harvey-Clemons, who had the potential to turn a top 20 recruiting class into one that would likely be ranked among the top five.
All signs pointed to the Bulldogs when Harvey-Clemons, during a news conference at his high school, had his sister pull off her sweatshirt to reveal a red Georgia T-shirt. The player then put on a red cap with the trademark "G'' and gushed about how he wanted to play in Athens.
"I knew when I went there, that's where I wanted to go," Harvey-Clemons said. "It felt like home. It seemed like they want to win and compete for championships."
He developed a special bond with Georgia defensive coordinator Todd Grantham.
"It seems like he's put a lot of players in the NFL," Harvey-Clemons said. "That's where I want to get."
While the 6-foot-4, 210-pounder figures to make his mark on defense, Richt said in his initial TV interview that Harvey-Clemons could also get some work on Georgia's offense. He was a two-way player at Lowndes.
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Welcome to the Predictem Golf section where you can find weekly previews of the most current tournament which include free PGA picks. You'll also find tips and advice to help your handicapping of the tournament. If your weekly predictions keep landing in the bunkers and sandtraps, consider letting us be your online caddie and carry the clubs for ya. What have you got to lose? It's 100% free! Bookmark this page and check back every week for fresh updated articles to help you in your quest to beat the bookie! Enjoy!
TPC San Antonio: Steven Bowditch won here last year. Valero Texas Open Predictions to Win. - 3/26 through 3/29
Bay Hill Club: Matt Every won this tournament last year. Arnold Palmer Invitational Predictions to Win. - 3/19 through 3/22
Innisbrook (Copperhead): John Senden won this tournament last year. Valspar Championship Predictions. - 3/12 through 3/15
PGA National Resort & Spa - The Champion Course: Golfers pack up and head east to Florida for The Honda Classic. Russell Henley won this tournament last year. Check out EG's Honda Classic Preview and Predictions. - 2/26 through 3/1
James Hahn Wins! The little known Hahn, was ranked 297th in the world coming into this tournament. Hahn shot -6 for the tournament, besting Paul Casey and Dustin Johnson in a 3-man playoff. - 2/23
Riviera Country Club: Bubba Watson looks to defend his 2014 title. Northern Trust Open Predictions to Win. - 2/19 through 2/22
Brandt Snedeker Wins! His solid 64-67-67-67 helped him cruise to an easy victory with the next closest finisher (Nick Watney) 3 strokes back. Charlie Beljan finished 3rd at -18 and there was a 3-way tie for 4th at -17 between Dustin Johnson, Jason Day and Pat Perez. - 2/16
Pebble Beach: AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am Predictions. - 2/12 through 2/15
Torrey Pines: Farmers Insurance Open Predictions to Win. - 2/5 through 2/8
TPC Scottsdale: Waste Management Phoenix Open Predictions to Win. - 1/29 through 2/1
La Quinta CC: Patrick Reed won this tournament last year. Note: This tourney will be played on 3 different courses. Humana Challenge Predictions to Win. 1/22 through 1/25
Sony Open: Our golf writer was tied up this week and unable to produce a quality preview for us, so we're going to have to pass this week. We apologize for the inconvenience. Not the way we wanted to start the season off!
Plantation Course: Beautiful and sunny Kapalua, Maui hosts the kickoff event for the 2015 PGA season. If you've never had the opportunity to get to Maui, more specifically, Kapalua, start saving NOW and make it a priority on your bucket list. I can't say that I've been more places serene than this island and it's wonderful Plantation Course! Here's this week's preview! Enjoy! Hyundai Tournament of Champions Picks. - 1/9 through 1/12
Welcome back! We look forward to proving your with another great year of golf tournament previews and picks!!!
Kuala Lumpur CC: CIMB Classic Predictions. - 10/30 through 11/2
Seaside Course: Chris Kirk looks to defend his 2013 win in Georgia. McGladrey Classic Predictions. - 10/23 through 10/26
East Lake Golf Club: Henrik Stenson won this event last year. The Tour Championship Predictions to Win (9/11 through 9/14
Cherry Hills CC: Zach Johnson won this tournament last year. BMW Championship Predictions - 9/4 through 9/7
Ridgewood CC: The Barclays Predictions. - 8/21 through 8/24
Sedgefield CC: Patrick Reed looks to defend his 2013 title. Wyndham Championship Picks. - 8/14 through 8/17
Valhalla GC: Jason Dufner looks to defend his big 2013 win. PGA Championship Predictions. - 8/7 through 8/10
Thursday Breaking News: Dustin Johnson to take a leave of absence to work on personal issues. - 7/31
Firestone CC: Tiger Woods looks to defend his 2013 title. WGC Bridgestone Invitational Predictions. - 7/31 through 8/3
Royal Montreal Golf Club: Brandt Snedeker looks to defend his 2013 title. RBC Canadian Open Predictions. - 7/24 through 7/27
Royal Liverpool: British Open Predictions. - 7/17 through 7/20
TPC Deere Run: We'd like to apologize for getting these up late. (Thursday afternoon). Yesterday was my birthday and I had front row seats at the Seattle Mariners game (5 hours away) so had to cut out early, resulting in these not getting up until after the tournament had already started. Things should be back to normal now and we promise to finish the season out strong! John Deere Classic Predictions. - 7/10 through 7/13
The Old White TPC: Evergreen is off enjoying a vaacation for the 4th of July week. He'll return next week with John Deere Classic analysis and picks! Enjoy the 4th Ya'll!
Congressional Country Club: Bill Haas took honors here last year. Tiger Woods returns! Quicken Loans National Predictions. - 6/26 through 6/29
TPC River Highlands: Ken Duke won this event last season. Travelers Championship Picks to Win. - 6/19 through 6/22
Pinehurst No. 2: Justin Rose looks to defend his 2013 title at the U.S. Open. U.S. Open Picks. - 6/12 through 6/15
TPC Southwind (Memphis): Harris English won this tournament last year. Fedex St. Jude Classic Picks. - 6/5 through 6/8
Muirfield Village GC: Matt Kuchar won this event last year. The Memorial Tournament Picks. - 5/29 through 6/1
Colonial Country Club: Boo Weekly looks to defend his 2013 win. Crowne Plaza Invitational Picks. - 5/22 through 5/25
TPC Four Seasons: Sang-Moon Bae looks to defend his 2013 win. HP Byron Nelson Championship Predictions. - 5/15 through 5/18
TPC Sawgrass: The Players Championship Picks to Win. - 5/8 through 5/11
Predictem Welcomes Back Evergreen! He's come out of retirement to rejoin us and resume posting weekly PGA previews and predictions!
Note: It is with much regret that we have to announce that Tim will no longer be writing for Predictem.com. His current full time work schedule and obligations don't allow for him to write for us anymore. With that being said, we won't have a golf preview for this week and quite possibly for the next couple of weeks until we find someone qualified to fill the position. We're sorry for the inconvenience.
Seung-yul Noh Wins! He shot -19 (269) to win the Zurich Classic. Andrew Svooboda and Robert Streb tied for 2nd at -17, Jeff Overton finished 4th at -16 and Garrigus, Hoffman and Compton tied for 5th at -14. 4/27
Note: We're sorry to announce that we won't have a Zurich Classic of New Orleans preview and picks this week. Our golf writer is having computer issues that won't be resolved in time. See you next week!
Harbour Town Golf Links: RBC Heritage Picks. - 4/17 through 4/20
Bubba Watson Wins! The youngster won the tournament for the 2nd time in 3 years! He shot -8, Blixt and Spieth tied for 2nd at -5, Miguel Angel Jimenez finished in 4th at -4 and Fowler/Kuchar tied for 5th at -2. - 4/14
Augusta National: 2014 Masters Picks. - 4/10 through 4/13
Matt Jones Wins! Jones bested Matt Kuchar in a Monday playoff finishing at -15. Garcia, Tringale and Stefani rounded out the top 5. - 4/7
Redstone: 2014 Shell Houston Open Picks. - 4/3 thorugh 4/6
TPC San Antonio: 2014 Valero Texas Open Picks. - 3/27 through 3/30
Bay Hill Golf Course: Tiger Woods was last year's winner. 2014 Arnold Palmer Invitational Picks. - 3/20 through 3/23
TPC Blue Monster at Doral: Cadillac Championship Picks - 3/6 through 3/9
Russell Henley Wins! He bested a four man playoff field Monday morning to take down the million dollar win. Russell Knox, Rory McIlroy and Ryan Palmer all tied for 2nd. Billy Hurley III rounded out the top 5. - 3/3
PGA National: (Florida) Honda Classic Picks. - 2/27 through 3/2
Riviera Country Club: Northern Trust Open Picks. - 2/13 through 2/16
Evergreen's Free Weekly Golf Picks - Each week, respected golf handicapper Evergreen swings for the green offering a free weekly head to head matchup pick.
5Dimes - Offers weekly matchups and odds to win tournament as well as some great prop bet offerings! PGA, European, Champions and LPGA Tours with updated outright odds available for each tour as well!.
GTBets - Gamble on golf matchups, props and odds to win using your credit card. They're one of the best at getting Visa/Mastercard to work for deposits.
Rules - They protect both you and the house should there be any descrepancies. We'll admit it. Golf betting rules are boring to read, but necessary.


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Perceptual computing is the ability for a computer to recognize what is going on around it. More specifically, the computer can perceive the... Read More »Apple Pay Promises to Strengthen Payment Security
Experts believe that Apple Pay and other competitive payment systems will be far more secure than cards, even cards equipped with EMV chips. Read More »The Great Data Storage Debate: Is Tape Dead?
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Re: Luggage Storage @ Dusseldorf Main Train Station
There are lockers, large ones and very large ones... I believe the biggest ones cost 4 EURO /24 hours.
Be the first to rate this answer!Was this helpful? Quote & Answer
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I have a big luggage with a haversack. I was wondering if there is any Storage place to store my big luggage for half-a-day or even one day in the Main Train Station. Can the storage keep BIG luggage? How much does it cost?


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Submit a Critic ScoreClose
|Shoppers Vineyard
|USD 7.99 $7.99 750ml
|USD 7.99 $7.99 750ml
Cono Sur Organic Sauvignon Blanc Cono Sur 2009
Winemaker's Notes:
This Chardonnay has a beautiful, young yellow colour with golden hints. Exuberant and complex, this wine conveys refreshing citrus aromas, fruity notes of white peaches, along with mineral hints. In mouth complex fruity flavours mingle in with lovely mineral notes. Our Cono Sur Chardonnay is a young and fresh wine, very balanced, with a great acidity.
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Editorial Reviews for Cono Sur Organic Sauvignon Blanc Cono Sur
Some ash and sun-dried tomato greet the nose along with black currant fruit and some weediness. A bit murky on the palate, with dark and fairly intense flavors that seem a bit muddy and indistinct. There's some nice, slightly jammy black cherry fruit on the mid-palate and some cocoa and mocha oak notes as well before the oak, burnt and slightly bitter flavor takes over on the moderately long finish. This feels a bit too extracted. 82pts
Sweet tart on the nose with some compost, herbaceous notes over a bit of pickle barrel. This is fairly low in acid, sort of lying across the palate with a nice low intensity core of blueberry and sour cherry fruit that leads to a short, slightly drying finish. 84pts
A bit woody on the nose, forest floor red currant, Christmas spice, sandalwood, tea, a bit chunky, a bit sweet up front, nice rose hip accent with a shading of bitter orange oil up front over rather black cherry almost black currant fruit, more forest floor emerges on the midpalate, a little grapefruit character on the slightly compact, slightly extracted finish. This needs another 2 years 91pts
Member Reviews for Cono Sur Organic Sauvignon Blanc Cono SurAdd your review
Too hot and acidic for my taste. Not very complex.
Heat, cherries, plums and a bit of cranberries. Palate is full of tar, cherries, earth and asphalt.
very easy to drink with or without food, loads of cherry, strawberries, raspberries, little bit of pepper, overall enjoyable
red cherry fruit is prevalent with a little raz and red currants, fruit forward and easy drinking
This un-oaked Chardonnay comes with a screw-cap to help preserve the fresh, juicy fruit of the Valle de San Antonio. For those on a budget (or not) this wine is the real deal: lots of juicy mango, peach, pear, lychee on the nose and upon entry. And unlike many similar wines from Chile, not too warm on the finish which, by the way is a strong medium. Buy in bulk, my friends.
really surprised by this wine and for $8 have to rate it a 4.5. Get big blackberry up front, little acid, no tannins, and the fruit lingers; for me, great balance - really enjoyable
Great purchase for the price. Cherry and raspberry on the nose and a palate that is light but with a spiciness. Hints of cherry and plum. Medium bodied with a long lasting finish.
External Reviews for Cono Sur Organic Sauvignon Blanc Cono Sur
Spicy, earthy red with great fruit, hearty body and elegant richness. Don't let the obscure varietal throw you off - you will love this wine if you like Cabs, Syrahs or Merlots. Very easy to drink, with excellent food-pairing potential. Serve this with any steak, beef stew or grilled vegetable dish.
We're always pleased to taste a Pinot Noir like this one from Cono: bright, fruity, and varietally correct in so many ways. Aromas of raspberries and cherries dominate the palate. The abundant fruit makes this as clear an expression of New World Pinot Noir as anything on our shelves.
Pinot Noir is trickling in from the Southern Hemisphere; particularly noteworthy is this line of value-oriented Pinots from Chile. With voluptuous texture and bright red fruits all in the right place, Cono Sur's balanced, California-style Pinot puts the emphasis on freshness and ripe fruit.
Very juicy, with forward, tasty flavors of plum, blackberry, tobacco and roasted vanilla. There's a nice dash of grip on the finish. Drink now.
Bold, yet extremely smooth, this wine gives off a deep garnet red color in the glass that leads to flavors of cherry, blackberry, dark chocolate and coffee.
Winemaker's notes:Dressed in fresh purple red colour, this is a voluptuous Pinot Noir with rich fruit notes of cherry, raspberry, plum and strawberry a red fruit party! enhanced by subtle smoked hint
Deep ruby. Ripe aromas of blackcurrant, cherry, plum and tobacco, lifted by a subtle floral quality. Rich and ripe, with a rather supple texture and a sweet dark berry flavor dominating. I don't detect any tannins in this fruit bomb. Finishes with expansive dark fruit character and sweet persistence.
All Prices
Shoppers Vineyard
Clifton, NJ (220 mi)
Cono Sur Pinot Noir »
$7.99 750ml USD 7.99
Staten Island, NY (210 mi)
Cono Sur Pinot Noir 2009 750ml »
$7.99 750ml USD 7.99
Carteret, NJ (210 mi)
Cono Sur 20 Barrels Pinot Noir 2009 »
$21.49 750ml USD 21.49
Petrock's Liquors Inc
Hillsborough, NJ (190 mi)
Cono Sur 20 Barrels Pinot Noir 2009 »
$21.99 750ml USD 21.99
Shoprite Liquors Laurenti Wines
Trenton, NJ (180 mi)
Cono Sur 20 Barrels Pinot Noir 2009 »
$23.60 750ml USD 23.60
Food Pairings for Cono Sur Organic Sauvignon Blanc Cono Sur
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Judge to hear bid to move polygamous Arizona towns case
PHOENIX -- A federal judge will hear arguments Friday on a request to move a civil rights lawsuit against two polygamous towns out of Arizona.
The lawsuit filed by the U.S. Department of Justice in June claims that officials in Hildale, Utah, and Colorado City have supported a campaign of intimidation against former members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and denied them services.
The defendants had asked a judge to move the case to Utah to cut down on travel time and expenses for the parties and witnesses.
Prosecutors said the defense attorneys have failed to make a strong case against keeping it in Arizona.
Each side will be given 15 minutes to make arguments.
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