text:
BRICS eye forex reserves pool of up to $240 billion - document
WASHINGTON/BRASILIA (Reuters) - Leading emerging market countries are discussing pooling up to $240 billion in foreign exchange reserves to protect themselves from short-term liquidity pressures, according to documents outlining plans by the five BRICS nations.
BRICS countries China, Russia, India, Brazil and South Africa announced a working group in June to look into jointly pooling reserves and creating a new development bank to fund infrastructure projects in the developing world.
According to the documents, obtained by Reuters, the pool of central bank money would be available to BRICS facing balance of payments difficulties. Some, however, are also pushing for a precautionary credit line, similar to the IMF's that provides countries with insurance against outside economic shocks.
The move is part of growing frustration among the BRICS and other developing countries with the continued dominance by the United States and European countries of global institutions like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
BRICS officials meeting on the sidelines of a recent G20 summit of finance ministers from developed and developed nations sought to advance their plans ahead of a BRICS leaders' summit in South Africa in March.
Planned currency swap arrangements would also give BRICS the ability to lend to each other to keep markets liquid.
Officials at the G20 BRICS meeting, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said China had emphasized that the size of the reserve pool needed to be sufficiently big to be taken seriously by markets.
Officials believe that the BRICS reserve pool should be similar in size to the Chiang Mai Initiative of southeast Asian countries, which was doubled to $240 billion in May to boost their protection against external shocks.
The Chiang Mai program, first agreed in 2000, has never been put to use because it would require the country to request a program from the IMF, which was blamed for insufficient bailouts during the Asian currency crisis of 1998.
Eswar Prasad, a Cornell University economics professor and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, said the proposed plan for pooling resources posed a "strong and serious challenge to existing global monetary arrangements."
"Irrespective of the logic and possible complications of these schemes to pool their funds, these proposals from the BRICS may have the salutary effect of prodding global monetary reforms along at a faster pace," Prasad said.
Countries like China are keen to see its currency, the yuan, added to the IMF basket of currencies, currently including the pound, yen, euro and dollar, that make up the IMF unit of account, the Special Drawing Right.
While a number of the BRICS believe disbursements from the reserve pool should be made in U.S. dollars, others preferred to use the SDR.
"In terms of disbursement, the preference would be to use the US dollar or other reserve currencies, but the view was also expressed that part of the disbursements could be made available in BRICS national currencies," according to the documents.
Discussions are also looking at what conditions should be attached to the reserve pool. One question is whether the scheme should be linked to an IMF program, which could be a bitter pill to swallow for any of the BRICS. Some BRICS are arguing for a partial link to the IMF, with an initial quick disbursement subject to rules of the pooling.
The BRICS are also considering creating a new development bank to support financing of long-term infrastructure projects for emerging and developing economies, to meet the pressing need for roads, railways, ports and electricity.
The BRICS bank would be in competition with the World Bank and other multilateral development banks, which also provide loans for infrastructure projects. However, countries like India are already facing limits on its borrowing from the World Bank.
The BRICS documents noted that existing multilateral development banks are under capitalized compared to the growing needs of emerging economies and developing countries.
The new bank would initially issue non-concessionary project-linked finance to members, meaning that the financing would be at a higher cost. A small window of low-cost loans could be considered as the bank expanded, the documents said.
The World Bank and other institutions have long insisted that lending to poor countries should involve low-interest loans to avoid pushing up their debts to unsustainable levels.
(Reporting By Lesley Wroughton)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Now that we're coming to the end of summer blockbuster season, many eyes are turning towards the fall line-up, and while there's the usual selection of prestige fare there, we're not exactly going to be starving for blockbusters. "The Hobbit," "Jack Reacher," "Breaking Dawn Pt. 2" -- all films with ...Read More »
When a film has a dream cast led by Judi Dench, Tom Wilkinson, Maggie Smith, and Bill Nighy, you can't go far wrong, and that is exactly the case with Ol Parker's adaptation of the novel by prolific British television and screenwriter Deborah Moggach, whose credits include the 2005 version of 'Pride...Read More »
The year's first British movie hit in the UK has shifted from being a pleasant surprise to a box office phenomenon. The question is whether its adult appeal will translate when Fox Searchlight opens the film stateside on May 4.Read More »
Bond is back. Again. With the MGM financial situation sorted, production on the 23rd official film to feature Ian Fleming's super spy, and the third to star Daniel Craig in the role, got underway late last year, but as ever the security around "Skyfall" has been airtight. We know the c...Read More »
This film has a different flavor from the usual biopic—and it's delicious, at least for any diehard movie buff. Imagine stepping into a time machine, traveling back to 1956, and getting to eavesdrop on Marilyn Monroe and Laurence Olivier during the famously troubled production of 'Th...Read More »
Now free from any obligations with the "Thor" franchise, director Kenneth Branagh, having dipped his toes in the tentpole world, is doing something on the total opposite end of the spectrum. First announced very early this year, Branagh it looking to bring an adaptation of Henning Mankell&...Read More »
First Synopsis Suggest That Judi Dench's M Will Be Front-And-CenterUpdate: The official Bond twitter account, @007, have revealed the first synopsis for the project, which reads: "Bond's loyalty to M is tested as her past comes back to haunt her. As MI6 comes under attack, 007 must track down and de...Read More »
If the film "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" has thus far escaped your attention, it's probably because you don't spend your afternoons unironically knitting wool hats for your eight grandchildren, nor do you pine for five o'clock to roll around so you can hit the bingo lounge and kick back with a six-pack of prune juice. If you think that's a patronizing caricature of what happens after you hit sixty-five, wait until you set your peepers on the production stills for the actual film, which have cropped up on Fox Searchlight's site. The plot, which will be invariably be described as "feel-good" and "heart-warming" when the film's released, app...Read More »
Gillian Anderson and Mark Williams Also In CastOne of the hottest properties around Hollywood in the last few years has been Seth Grahame-Smith's "Pride & Prejudice & Zombies," a revisionist take on Jane Austen's classic romance that chucks the undead into the mix. But despite being in development for a couple of years now, the film's made slow progress, burning through two directors, David O. Russell and Mike White, before landing its current helmer, "Lars and The Real Girl"'s Craig Gillespie, and it's yet to officially attach any cast members, despite the rumored interest of Natalie Portman, Scarlett Johansson, Bradley Cooper and others. Ba...Read More »
Indie Filmmaker Also Discusses His Gestating Musical With Owen Pallett, His African Civil War Drama 'Beasts Of No Nation,' & His Good Filmmaking Fortune So FarExclusive: Delighting fans of period romance everywhere -- and kids who can't be bothered with even the Cliffs Notes of the classic Charlotte Brontë novel --"Jane Eyre" is making another appearance on screen. But rather than coming from a predictably English pedigree, the 2011 Focus Features version arrives from the seemingly unlikely source of Cary Fukunaga, a young American director with a single feature to his name, 2009's gritty immigration thriller "Sin Nombre." Fukunaga went young...Read More »


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text:
Page 1
doi: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0788
, 1725-1732 first published online 8 February 2012
2012 J. R. Soc. Interface
Rebecca Scott, Robert Marsh and Patricia L. M. Lee
C. Monzón-Argüello, F. Dell'Amico, P. Morinière, A. Marco, L. F. López-Jurado, Graeme C. Hays,
evidence for storm-forced dispersal
Lost at sea: genetic, oceanographic and meteorological
Supplementary data
"Data Supplement"
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Lost at sea: genetic, oceanographic
and meteorological evidence for
storm-forced dispersal
C. Monzo ´n-Argu ¨ello1,2,3, F. Dell'Amico4, P. Morinie `re4, A. Marco3,
L. F. Lo ´pez-Jurado2, Graeme C. Hays1, Rebecca Scott1,
Robert Marsh5and Patricia L. M. Lee1,*
1Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
2Departamento de Biologı ´a, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira,
35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
3Estacio ´n Biolo ´gica de Don ˜ana (CSIC), Ame ´rico Vespucio, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
4Aquarium La Rochelle, Centre d'Etudes et de Soins pour les Tortues Marines,
Quai Louis Prunier BP4, 17002 La Rochelle cedex 1, France
5Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton,
Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
For many species, there is broad-scale dispersal of juvenile stages and/or long-distance
migration of individuals and hence the processes that drive these various wide-ranging move-
ments have important life-history consequences. Sea turtles are one of these paradigmatic
long-distance travellers, with hatchlings thought to be dispersed by ocean currents and
adults often shuttling between distant breeding and foraging grounds. Here, we use multi-
disciplinary oceanographic, atmospheric and genetic mixed stock analyses to show that
juvenile turtles are encountered 'downstream' at sites predicted by currents. However, in
some cases, unusual occurrences of juveniles are more readily explained by storm events
and we show that juvenile turtles may be displaced thousands of kilometres from their
expected dispersal based on prevailing ocean currents. As such, storms may be a route by
which unexpected areas are encountered by juveniles which may in turn shape adult
migrations. Increased stormy weather predicted under climate change scenarios suggests an
increasing role of storms in dispersal of sea turtles and other marine groups with life-stages
near the ocean surface.
Keywords: loggerhead sea turtles; mtDNA; Lagrangian buoy trajectories;
particle tracking; storm tracks; mixed stock analysis
Long-distance migration remains one of nature's won-
ders. Migratory animals exploit different locations at
different stages in their life: a strategy so effective at
optimizing resource use that the cost of travel is worth-
while [1]. The iconic questions of where eels go to spawn
[2], and how sea turtles and salmonids navigate and the
factors that shape their migratory routes [3–5] continue
to drive scientific investigation. These studies go
beyond curiosity, as anthropogenic changes to the
environment are affecting large-scale processes (e.g. cli-
mate) that may have consequences for migratory
behaviour and species survival [6]. It is therefore
suggested that global migrators, such as transoceanic
migratory birds, may be useful as biological indicators
of climate and oceanic health [7].
For aerial organisms, global wind patterns are a
strong determinant of long-distance migratory routes
[8], but in the sea, it is the prevailing oceanographic fea-
tures, such as circulation patterns, that are believed to
be important in determining the distribution and con-
nectivity of populations. Many species have been
shown to use ocean currents as migratory pathways.
For juvenile stages of marine organisms, small size
may limit their capability to swim actively against cur-
rents, so 'going with the flow' would be an efficient
means of migrating to distant foraging grounds while
maximizing growth and development. For example, in
the North Atlantic, the 'subpolar gyre' is used by
Atlantic salmon [9] and the 'subtropical gyre' is used
by sea turtles [10].
These gyres are major currents that occur at the
ocean basin scale. At this scale in the subtropics, the
'subtropical gyre' is set up by the 'Sverdrup transport'
[11], which is a broad equatorward flow across the sub-
tropics. Northward return flow in the gyre is confined to
*Author for correspondence (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/
10.1098/rsif.2011.0788 or via http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org.
J. R. Soc. Interface (2012) 9, 1725–1732
Published online 8 February 2012
Received 16 November 2011
Accepted 13 January 2012
This journal is q 2012 The Royal Society
on August 9, 2012rsif.royalsocietypublishing.orgDownloaded from
Page 3
a western boundary region, governed by frictional
processes [12,13], and is consequently swift. These
return flows comprise the ocean currents of leading
importance for the long-distance migration of marine
organisms. Such currents are quasi-steady, subject to
some seasonality, particularly in wind forcing, e.g. [14]
and dynamical instability (eddying). Current speeds
are typically in the range of 10–100 cm s21. Current
width ranges considerably, from narrow swift flows
spanning a few kilometres (e.g. the Florida Current)
to broad weak flows spanning several hundred kilo-
metres (e.g. the North Atlantic Current). Moving into
mid-latitudes, some boundary currents (e.g. the Slope
Current at the northwest European shelf break [15])
are principally driven by surface buoyancy forcing,
owing to the combined effects of heat and freshwater
exchange between ocean and atmosphere. In addition
to the balanced upper circulation, surface 'Ekman Cur-
rents' arise through a balance between frictional forces
associated with the wind and the Coriolis force, with
the surface current oriented 458 to the right of the
wind in the Northern Hemisphere [16]. Ekman Currents
are most conspicuous in the 'interior' of the subtropical
gyre, where the upper circulation is weak. Buoyant
objects in the ocean, such as drifting organisms, thus
move under the combined influence of quasi-steady
and Ekman currents.
Although major migratory pathways of marine
organisms appear to be fixed by ocean currents, fre-
quent reports of 'stranded' or 'vagrant' individuals
outside their ranges are common for many species,
including seals [17], cetaceans [18] and sea turtles [19],
indicating that animals can be displaced from normal
migratory routes. Occasionally, displacement events
are dramatic: for example, the thousands of kilometres
displacement of an emperor penguin (http://www.
dramatic displacements are rare, but in some locations,
strandings of marine vertebrates are routine [18,19], and
present opportunities to investigate whether there are
factors other than currents that may influence dispersal.
Here, we focus on sea turtles, one of the paradigmatic
long-distance migrators [20]. Adult turtles return to
natal nesting beaches to breed and some species main-
tain fidelity to specific foraging grounds that may be
thousands of kilometres from the breeding sites
[21,22]. Our focal species, the loggerhead sea turtle
(Caretta caretta), is one of the most well-studied of
sea turtle species. After emerging from nests, hatchling
loggerhead sea turtles enter the sea and the juveniles
then spend several years in the open ocean, followed
by a transition from pelagic to neritic habitats when
individuals are around 40–50 cm in size [23], although
exceptions to this general life cycle have been found
[24]. Pelagic juveniles are therefore of relatively small
size, and still subject to any oceanographic and meteor-
ological forces that may alter their direction of dispersal
in the open seas. In the North Atlantic, it is known that
loggerhead juveniles spend 6.5–11.5 years within the
oceanic zone [25]. These either remain around the
American mainland, or are transported in the North
Atlantic subtropical gyre towards the eastern Atlantic,
where there are major foraging grounds for juvenile
turtles, for example, around the Azores and the
Canary Islands [26]. The trans-Atlantic drift from east-
ern USA to Europe is estimated to be 1.80–3.75 years
[27]. Those transported further north from the normal
foraging grounds towards northern Europe by the
North Atlantic Current, may die from cold stunning
[28]. Sea turtles are known to orientate in order to
nest in their natal beaches and reach specific feeding
areas [5]. This orientation is based, at least partly, on
geomagnetic cues and may help loggerhead sea turtles
to remain in warm waters [5]. However, when currents
are strong or during extreme weather events, this ability
may be reduced because of the limited swimming
strength of juveniles that are small in size [26,29], par-
ticularly as they start to become cold stunned.
Individuals failing to correct their drift might end up
stranded far north of their normal foraging grounds,
for example, in areas of northern Europe such as the
Bay of Biscay or the English Channel.
We examine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequen-
ces of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
stranding around the Bay of Biscay to estimate the
origins of these turtles. The study area lies outside of
the species' normal range, with the nearest foraging
areas in the Azores and southern Spain. These stranded
juvenile loggerhead turtles may have been transported
by prevailing ocean surface currents, or they may
have been blown off-course by storms. The episodic pas-
sage of cyclonic storms can influence the subtropical
gyre of the North Atlantic. The passage of such
storms will excite a dynamical response of the upper
ocean in the form of Ekman Currents [30]. While the
steady Ekman response to wind forcing [16] is not
easily observed in the ocean, divergent Ekman Currents
of 1–2 m s21have been observed in the wake of hurri-
canes, weakening over a few days [30]. A degree of
asymmetry in the currents, along and about the axis
of the hurricane, depends on the storm trajectory.
A pattern of residual surface currents may thus be
associated with cyclonic storms moving clockwise
around the North Atlantic.
Classically, storms are well known to cause unusual
transport of terrestrial animals [31]. However, given
that climate change models predict increasing storm
activity [32], there is growing interest in understand-
ing how storms impact on the dispersal and distribution
of marine organisms [33,34]. In this study, we aim to
consider both ocean currents and storm effects in
understanding the factors driving the strandings of
loggerhead turtles. Previous studies have found oceano-
graphic data invaluable in interpreting the ecological
and genetic structure of sea turtles [35–38], but in this
study, we take the multi-disciplinary approach a stage
further in using oceanographic modelling as well as
oceanographic and meteorological data in understanding
the movements of sea turtles inferred from genetic data.
2.1. Genetic analyses
A total of 89 juveniles stranded in the Bay of Biscay
from 1995 to 2009 were analysed (figure 1). Blood
Displacement of sea turtles by storms
C. Monzo ´n-Argu ¨ello et al.
J. R. Soc. Interface (2012)
on August 9, 2012rsif.royalsocietypublishing.orgDownloaded from
Page 4
samples or tissue samples from skin or pectoral muscle
were taken and stored in 96 per cent ethanol at 48C.
Genomic DNA was isolated using DNeasy Tissue Kit
(QIAGEN) and a 760 base pair (bp) fragment of the
mtDNA control region was sequenced using established
primers and protocols [39]. New haplotype sequences
were submitted to the Archie Carr Center for Sea
Turtle Research (http://accstr.ufl.edu/cclongmtdna.
html) and GenBank. ARLEQUIN v. 3.0 [40] was used to
estimate haplotype (h) and nucleotide diversity (p),
and to perform exact tests of population differentiation
(spatial and temporal genetic structure). We added
unpublished sequencesfor the
Canary Islands in Bayesian 'many-to-many' mixed
stock analysis (MSA) [41,42] (electronic supplementary
material, tables S1 and S2).
We attempted to group individuals according to
estimated origins. Haplotypes described for the Cape
Verde population [43] were used to assign individuals to
'Cape Verdean' or 'American' groups. Haplotypes of
uncertain assignment were excluded. Although not all
individuals can be assigned and some errors could be
introduced with this classification, it is useful as it
allows testing for differences between the two groups.
We tested for size and weight variation using the non-
parametric U Mann–Whitney test (SPSS v. 15.0), and
for temporal variation using the G-test of independence.
Cape Verde and
2.2. Particle track modelling
To evaluate whether hatchlings leaving the Cape Verde
Islands might passively drift to the broader Bay of
Biscay region, we use both satellite-tracked buoy data
(see §2.3) and model-based trajectories. In this section,
we describe the latter. The ocean model, for which we
diagnose trajectories of passively drifting particles
arriving in the Bay of Biscay, is based on NEMO (the
Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean). We
use fields from a global 1/48 implementation [44] that
resolve the mesoscale variability of energetic currents
and oceanic eddies of radii exceeding around 100 km.
An efficient analytical method for computing large
ensembles of offline trajectories [45] was customized as
the ARIANE software (http://stockage.univ-brest.fr/
~grima/Ariane/) for use with NEMO datasets. We
specified particle 'endpoints' in a regular grid spanning
the Bay of Biscay (electronic supplementary material,
figure S1). To cover the period during which the
sampled turtles are likely to have been at sea and
to account for interannual variability, a particle is
back-tracked from each endpoint to obtain trajectory
ensembles for the 3 years preceding 1995, 1998, 2001,
2004 and 2007. The trajectories are based on time-
varying currents and are characterized by age (since
release), depth (whether or not the particles are
buoyant) and property (temperature and salinity).
The spacing between adjacent endpoints was around
50 km. The end date for trajectories was mid-February
of a selected year. Particles were constrained to remain
at the uppermost NEMO depth level of 0.5 m, to mimic
animal buoyancy. Advected by a surface velocity field
that is updated every 30 days (as a monthly-mean
field), a particle is back-tracked from each endpoint
for 3 years or less (depending whether the particle origi-
nated from beyond the North Atlantic domain within
3 years). Positions of particles and associated water
temperature are recorded every 5 days.
2.3. Lagrangian drifter and storm track data
To investigate the destination of turtles drifting away
from the Cape Verde Islands, Lagrangian drifter data
were downloaded from the NOAA-AOML global drif-
ter program (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/gld/)
with no restrictions on date or drogue attachment
imposed. This dataset contains quality controlled data
of over 14 500 satellite-tracked surface buoys deployed
since the 1970s. Buoys are drogued at 15 m (i.e. a sub-
surface sea anchor, a 'drogue', is tethered to the surface
buoy) to reduce wind effects and interpolated to provide
fixes at 6 h intervals [46]. All buoys passing within
100 km of the coast of the Cape Verde Islands were
selected, and upon first reaching this proximity, all
subsequent fixes were used to investigate surface
currents in this region.
Particle and buoy trajectories do not capture
the influence of storm-induced displacement. While
NEMO is forced by high-frequency winds, the particle
trajectoriesare computed
currents, and so storm-forced drift on time scales of
hours to days is not explicitly included. Furthermore,
English Channel
enlarged area
–60° –45°–30°
Bay of Biscay
Figure 1. Stranding locations of the individuals sampled in this
study. Single strandings are represented by black circles; strand-
white circles, white triangles, grey triangles, black triangles and
black squares, respectively. The inset map shows the location of
loggerhead nesting populations in the Atlantic (stars).
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the sampled buoys may not capture the relatively infre-
quent storm-induced drift, and being drogued to reduce
wind effects, they will not experience the storm-induced
fate of juveniles confined to the upper few metres. So to
investigate storm trajectories, the tracks of major storms
originating near Cape Verde Islands during our studied
period were obtained from the National Hurricane
Center website (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/). This data-
base is generated through the analyses of a wide variety
of data, including a storm's life cycle (defined to include
the tropical or subtropical depression stage, but does
not include the extratropical stage) and maximum
sustained (1 min average) surface (10 m) winds. For
storms east of 558 W, the primary source of information
was geostationary weather satellite imagery, with
occasional in situ observations from ships and buoys.
Only major storms (i.e. wind speeds of at least
17 m s21) of the following classes were included in our
data: 'tropical storm' with wind speed 17–32 m s21;
'hurricane' with wind speed 33–49 m s21; 'major hurri-
cane' with wind speed 50 m s21or higher. We use the
term 'storm' generically to refer to all classes.
3.1. Genetic analyses
Our data included 13 previously described, and two
novel haplotypes (CC-A63.1 and CC-A64.1; GenBank
accession numbers JF957336 and JF957337, respect-
ively; electronic supplementary material, table S3).
Using a short version of haplotypes (380 bp), pairwise
comparisons between the stranded group and rookeries
revealed significant differences (exact p , 0.011) except
for Lebanon (exact p ¼ 0.149), which has a small
sample size (n ¼ 9). Foraging ground centric MSA
with population sizes as prior information (table 1)
showed that a high proportion of juveniles were from
the south Florida population (51%; 95% CI ¼ 0.67),
but surprisingly, juveniles from Cape Verde, in the east-
ern Atlantic, were relatively frequent (26%; 95% CI ¼
0.40) and more abundant than juveniles from northeast
(8%; 95% CI ¼ 0.19) or northwest Florida (1%; 95%
CI ¼ 0.03). There was no correlation with geographical
distance to the Gulf Stream using either foraging
ground centric (r ¼ 0.443, r2¼ 0.197; p ¼ 0.098) or
rookery-centric MSA results (r ¼ 0.398, r2¼ 0.158;
p ¼ 0.329).
The global test of population differentiation did
not reveal genetic structure among the stranded
group and foraging groups of the eastern Atlantic
(exact p ¼ 0.135). The stranded samples presented the
highest h-value (0.7043), but similar p (0.0342) to
those of eastern Atlantic foraging grounds (electronic
supplementary material, table S4). There were signifi-
cant genetic differences among years (exact p ¼ 0.001;
electronic supplementary material, tables S5 and S6)
but removal of 2001 data resulted in non-significance
(exact p ¼ 0.255). The greatest number of strandings
occurred in 2001 and with a higher proportion of haplo-
type CC-A1.1 (0.40) than for other years (0.09–0.33).
The number of strandings increased from December
onwards with the highest proportion occurring in
April (figure 2a) is consistent with other reports [28],
and coincides with the months with lower sea surface
detected for months with five or more samples (n ¼ 8;
exact p ¼ 0.005).
The 'Cape Verdean group' (haplotypes CC-A1.3
and CC-A17.1; n ¼ 17) presented a higher proportion
Table 1. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) using 'many-to-many' model. The proportion of stranded juveniles in the Bay of Biscay
originating from the different rookeries is estimated using foraging ground centric analysis, computed with and without
population size information. The proportion of individuals from each rookery that ends up stranded in the Bay of Biscay is
estimated with rookery-centric analysis. The latter excluded Mediterranean rookeries since foraging ground centric analysis
showed little contribution from these populations. Mean and standard deviation (s.d.) values are shown. Br, Brazil; ES-RJ,
Espı ´rito Santo-Rio de Janeiro. Further details of datasets used in the MSA are in the electronic supplementary material, tables
S1 and S2.
rookeryrelative population size
many-to-many foraging ground
centric mean (s.d.)
many-to-many rookery-centric
mean (s.d.)
sizeno sizesize
south Florida
northwest Florida
northeast Florida
Dry Tortugas
Bahı ´a-Sergipe (Br)
ES-RJ (Br)
Cape Verde
eastern Turkey
western Turkey
0.0623 (0.0517)
0.0791 (0.0601)
0.0842 (0.0595)
0.0587 (0.0474)
0.1575 (0.0562)
0.0117 (0.0114)
0.0118 (0.0118)
0.2242 (0.0687)
0.0347 (0.0326)
0.0433 (0.0401)
0.0434 (0.0384)
0.0418 (0.0366)
0.0381 (0.0332)
0.0606 (0.0425)
0.0486 (0.0444)
0.5107 (0.1041)
0.0114 (0.0121)
0.0775 (0.0596)
0.0040 (0.0044)
0.0718 (0.0351)
0.0115 (0.0113)
0.0104 (0.0104)
0.2601 (0.0805)
0.0210 (0.0222)
0.0095 (0.0111)
0.0007 (0.0008)
0.0066 (0.0078)
0.0006 (0.0007)
0.0019 (0.0021)
0.0022 (0.0024)
0.0410 (0.0242)
0.0862 (0.0765)
0.0645 (0.0507)
0.0881 (0.0812)
0.1901 (0.0775)
0.0225 (0.0266)
0.0282 (0.0334)
0.1038 (0.0697)
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of dead animals (84%) than the 'American group'
(29%; haplotypes CC-A1.1, CC-A3.1 and CC-A10.1;
n ¼ 30, p , 0.001; electronic supplementary material,
table S3) but were not significantly different in size
(n ¼ 46, p ¼ 0.767) or weight (p ¼ 0.617). There
were no genetic differences among months (n ¼ 41; p ¼
0.299), but the critical months for strandings appear
to be different (figure 2b). Additional differences
could be observed in the stranding frequencies by year
(n ¼ 41; p ¼ 0.021; figure 2c). 'Cape Verdean' individ-
uals did not strand in every year that 'American'
individualsstranded. For
year with highest strandings—there were no 'Cape
Verdean' individuals.
3.2. Analyses of physical data
A total of 11 820, 3 year long Lagrangian hindcast tra-
jectories were computed comprising a total of 2588 580
particle locations. The general pattern of trajectories
reflected the currents in this region: particles travelling
to the Bay of Biscay would have originated from west-
wards in the North Atlantic Current after having
streamed south/north in either the Labrador Current
or Gulf Stream, respectively (figure 3a). The majority
of particles originated from the south near the south-
east USA, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and Sargasso
Sea. After 3 years of drift, particles were still only
tracked back as far as the western Atlantic, and no
particles originated close to the Cape Verde Islands.
All 53 buoys that were found to pass within 100 km
of the Cape Verde Islands drifted westwards in the
North Atlantic Gyre with the North Equatorial Cur-
rent, bar one which drifted south towards the coast of
Brazil before looping back towards the Cape Verde
Islands (figure 3b). The buoy that had travelled the
furthest reached a longitude of ca 608W and 308N
within 3 years, which corresponded to locations where
particles back-tracked from the Bay of Biscay reached
in 2–3 years.
Eleven major storms originated near the Cape Verde
Islands during our study period (figure 3c; electronic
supplementary material, table S7). Several occurred
during the nesting and hatching season of loggerhead
turtles at Cape Verde [47]. These major storms initially
travelled north westwards from the Cape Verde Islands,
but then travelled northwards and north eastwards to
arrive in the northeast Atlantic.
Here, we show that in addition to sea currents, storm-
forcing may also impact on juvenile dispersion. The
general importance of this is that it shows how sto-
chastic weather effects may lead to drifting organisms
arriving in areas that would not be predicted by
dispersion on ocean currents alone. Increasingly, studies
of various organisms, ranging from rock lobsters [48] to
kelp [49], are showing that many factors aside from
prevailing oceanographic conditions may influence
dispersal trajectories.
A general hypothesis of oceanic transport with major
currents would predict that the stranded turtles in the
Bay of Biscay should all come from rookeries along
the coasts of the American continent. It has been
suggested that proximity to the Gulf Stream may be
important [50], but we found no such association for
the stranded turtles. MSA showed that the Atlantic
nesting populations were indeed the main contributors
with half of all individuals from south Florida. The
more interesting result, however, was that a quarter of
stranded turtles were apparently from the Cape Verde
Islands, which is nowhere near currents that would
take hatchlings to the Bay of Biscay. The analyses of
particle and buoy trajectories demonstrated that juven-
iles from the northwestern Atlantic, but not from Cape
Verde, could arrive at the Bay of Biscay in a few years
by drifting with ocean currents.
19981999 20002001
2007 2008 2009
stranding frequency (%)
no. individuals
no. individuals
Figure 2. Temporal distribution of strandings of loggerhead
sea turtle juveniles off the Bay of Biscay. (a) The monthly dis-
tribution of all 82 stranding records (white) between 1995 and
2009 showed the highest frequency occurring in April. Months
are ordered as in the calendar, and coded with the first letter
of the month (i.e. starting with J, January, and ending with
D, December). (b) The monthly distribution of 14 Cape Ver-
dean (black) and 27 American (grey) individuals studied
during this period. The critical months for strandings in the
Bay of Biscay appeared to be different for turtles of different
origins. (c) The distribution of 14 Cape Verdean (black) and
27 American (grey) individuals across the years included in
the study (excludes years for which data were not taken).
The distribution was significantly different for turtles of
different origins (n ¼ 41; p ¼ 0.021). Whereas individuals of
American origin stranded in all the years studied, individuals
from Cape Verde only stranded in some years. The high
number of strandings that occurred during 2001 was all of
American origin.
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We consider here the influence of storm-driven sur-
face currents on juvenile sea turtles, and suggest that
storms may move turtles into other current systems
that deliver them to locations outside their expected
distribution and where they are eventually stranded.
During our study period, we identified 11 storms that
could potentially influence the drift of juveniles from
Cape Verde (figure 3). Interestingly, most of these
storms occur around August–October (electronic sup-
plementary material, table S7), while the highest
frequency of strandings of Cape Verdean loggerhead
turtles occur in February (figure 2). It should be
noted that the database we used was designed for
tracking major storms, and there will be many more
less-intense storms that may similarly be influencing
the trajectory of hatchling turtles. However, the
storms we identified provide evidence of the general,
predominant trajectories of storms in the Atlantic.
Essentially, the predominant trajectory of storms pro-
vided a far more direct route from Cape Verde to the
northeast Atlantic than that provided by prevailing
ocean currents. Consequently, objects near the ocean
surface moved by these storm winds would arrive in
the northeast Atlantic much faster than objects carried
by the current (figure 3). During the early stages,
juveniles spend long periods at the ocean surface and
storms could perhaps displace them sufficiently to end
up on aberrant routes of migration. We suggest that
juveniles would experience north westward drift in the
vicinity of storms translating to the west in the tropics
(10–258 N). If these juveniles move into the mid-gyre
region (25–358 N), northward-translating storms will
drive a north eastward drift. While these storm-induced
'nudges' are sporadic in nature (1–4 per year; see
electronic supplementary material, table S7) and
short-lived, they are individually strong, and against a
weak background flow of a few centimetres per
second, the net effect on trajectories may be substan-
tial. Driven sufficiently far to the north, juveniles will
drift with the North Atlantic Current towards the
Bay of Biscay (implicit in figure 3a). Subsequent
entrainment in the Slope Current, flowing polewards
along the shelf break, may account for the distribution
of strandings evident in figure 1.
Displacement by storms could explain the difference
in survival and the more irregular occurrences of strand-
ings for the Cape Verde turtles. These did not strand
every year, even though loggerhead turtles are stranded
in the Bay of Biscay regularly. For example, in 2001,
there was an unusually high rate of loggerhead turtles
stranding in Europe [51], but there were none in our
data from Cape Verde. This would be consistent with
stochastic events such as storms leading to a more irre-
gular pattern of Cape Verde turtles reaching the Bay
of Biscay.
Using multiple lines of evidence, we arrive at the con-
clusion that the loggerhead turtles that strand in the
Bay of Biscay not only have different origins, but that
their transport must have been driven by different fac-
tors. Prevailing oceanographic forces are thought to
predominantly drive the direction of the dispersal of
drifting organisms [52]. However, we show here that
storm-forcing may perturb these regular patterns and
although this may lead to novel dispersal or migration
patterns, many individuals are also 'lost at sea' as a
result. In our case, the turtles arrived in a sub-optimum
area where cold temperatures can lead to death
[27,28,53], but in other cases, we might expect the tur-
tles could be blown to more favourable areas. Recently,
it has been shown that variation in climate can influ-
ence the trajectory of storms in the Atlantic [54,55].
So if climate does change in the future, then the pattern
of storm-forced dispersal may also change due to
alterations to the overall directions of storms. Given
that global warming models predict future increase
in storm activity [32], we suggest that storm-forced
dispersal will increase in importance, particularly for
marine organisms with dispersive life-stages at the
ocean surface.
We thank the Centre d'Etudes et de Soins pour les Tortues
Marines de l'Aquarium La Rochelle and its sea turtle
3rd year
2nd year
1st year
3rd year
2nd year
1st year
Figure 3. Analysis of oceanographic and meteorological data for the North Atlantic to trace surface movements around northern
Europe/the Bay of Biscay (orange circle) and the Cape Verde Islands (red circle). (a) Mean drift time in each 0.58 by 0.58 pixel
from the full particle hindcast ensemble. Pixels are coloured to reflect the first (dark blue), second (light blue) and third year of
drift (green) and the paths of a sample of 35 particle hindcast trajectories are plotted. (b) Trajectories of 53 Lagrangian drifter
buoys passing within 100 km off the coast of the Cape Verde Islands. Pixels are coded as in (a) to reflect mean year of drift.
(c) Tracks of 11 Atlantic basin major storms that originated near Cape Verde Islands during our studied period. These
storms provided a more direct route from Cape Verde Islands to the northeast Atlantic than the prevailing ocean currents.
Each colour represents a different year. Further information about each storm numbered 1–11 is in the electronic supplementary
material, table S7.
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C. Monzo ´n-Argu ¨ello et al.
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stranding network for samples, Jacques Fretey for putting us
into contact with the aquarium, the French Ministry of
Ecology for the financial support to analyse the samples,
and Estacio ´n Biolo ´gica de Don ˜ana and Fundacio ´n BBVA for
helping with laboratory equipment. We are grateful to Jon
Houghton and two anonymous referees for critical comments
on the paper. F.D'.A., P.M., A.M., L.F.L.-J. provided
samples and laboratory resources; G.C.H., R.S., R.M.
provided oceanographicand
C.M.-A. and P.L.M.L. conceived the study, analysed the
genetic dataand wrote
contributions from all other authors.
the paper together, with
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The mixed martial arts (MMA) overlords seemingly don't want to see Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) bantamweight kingpin TJ Dillashaw rematch former champ Renan Barao. Or at least it seems that w read news >>
UFC President Dana White said he doesn't expect a long delay before he can rebook the bantamweight title rematch between injured champ T.J. Dillashaw and No. 1 contender Renan Barao. Filed under: MMA read news >>
Renan Barão didn't take too long to express his frustration towards his canceled title fight after champion T.J. Dillashaw had to pull out due to a rib injury. The Brazilian went on Instagram and sai read news >>
Is Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) bantamweight kingpin TJ Dillashaw scared to rematch Renan Barao? After "The Viper" was injured and forced to withdraw from their UFC 186 pay-per-view (PPV) mai read news >>
The rematch between T.J. Dillashaw and Renan Barao was once again cancelled, and the title challenger isn't happy about it. Barao, who was set to try to regain the UFC bantamweight championship in th read news >>
With the UFC bantamweight title bout between TJ Dillashaw and Renan Barao postponed due to a Dillashaw injury, the UFC flyweight championship fight between Demetrious Johnson and Kyoji... read news >>
Ian McCall is a student of the game who enjoys breaking down and predicting fights. He predicted a Renan Barao upset in his rematch with T.J. Dillashaw, unfortunately before news broke that Dillashaw read news >>
The UFC has lost another main event, as T.J. Dillashaw is out of his UFC 186 fight with Renan Barao. Details here. Breaking news from the UFC: UFC Bantamweight champion T.J. Dillashaw is injured and read news >>
Maybe this fight isn't meant to happen again. The upcoming UFC 186 pay-per-view (PPV) event -- which is set to go down on April 25, 2015 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada -- has suffered read news >>
Fans will once again have to wait a little longer to see T.J. Dillashaw vs. Renan Barao 2. Dillashaw, the UFC bantamweight champion, has been forced to withdraw from his April 25 title defense agains read news >>
The hits just keep on coming for the UFC in 2015 – the injury hits, that is. Bantamweight champ T.J. Dillashaw is out of his UFC 186 main event title rematch with Renan Barao. Filed under: Featured, read news >>
A look at the Aprtil 25th UFC 186 pay-per-view event in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where T.J. Dillashaw puts his bantamweight belt on the line against Renan Barao in a rematch of their memorable 2014 read news >>
UFC 185 was an absolute treat for fans, with compelling fights from top to bottom. The pay-per-view card with the unenviable task of following that act? UFC 186, of course! The full card is as follow read news >>
UFC bantamweight champion T.J. Dillashaw is more confident than ever heading into the rematch against former titleholder Renan Barao at UFC 186 on April 25. read news >>


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Home > Accessories > Power Adapters, Power Inverters > International Power Converters
Velleman 45W Step-Up Voltage Converter
Usually ships in 1-3 business days.
This voltage converter allows 230v devices like those found in Europe to be used in North America. The unit plugs into a standard North American socket and accepts an European VDE or schuko plug. This step up transformer has an input voltage of 110 Volts AC and has an output of 230 Volts AC at 50HZ. The maximum power rating is 45 watts.
Product Information
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Converter Specifications
Voltage Required
Input voltage: 110Vac/60Hz; Output voltage: 230Vac / 50Hz (VDE plug)
Physical Specifications
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3.50" x 2.44" x 3.54"
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We guarantee your satisfaction on every product we sell with a full refund — and you won't even need a receipt.* We want you to be satisfied with your Micro Center purchase. However, if you need help or need to return an item, we're here for you!
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Best Hot Chocolate in the U.S.
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Huckleberry Café; Santa Monica, California
House-Made Hot Chocolate
Huckleberry co-owner and pastry chef Zoe Nathan has the zany, freewheeling air of a person on a permanent sugar high. "It's a huge pastry playground," she boasts of the bakery that she owns with her husband, Josh Loeb. She makes Valrhona syrup for her hot chocolate, an extravagant accompaniment to fabulous baked goods like salted-caramel bars with a buttery crust.


text: HORRIBLE CIGARETTE SMOKE. We have been coming here for years, and always thoroughly enjoyed it. They just recently changed their smoking policy to designate the Smoking Area as the entrance to the facility. THIS MAKES NO SENSE. Every time you enter or leave the facility you have to walk through the cigarette smokers. When I complained to Resort Management, they... More


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Happendance 2014-15 Season Schedule
(Season Schedule created by Stacy Love/reZuberant Design)
Collected Works Friday Saturday March 27 and 28, 2015
Buy Tickets: HERE.
Happendance To Go For Kids March 28, 2015
Buy Tickets: HERE.
Happendance School
3448 Hagadorn, Okemos
Select and enroll by clicking HERE.
That is also the page where you can see a full schedule of classes and plan your enrollment or re-enrollment for Winter Term, which will run January 26-March 28.
You are always welcome to call the office at 517-333-3528 to discuss class placement and enrollment, and to obtain other assistance and information.
Mark your calendar for the rest of the 2014-15 First Friday Season, and check back for more details each month:
Remaining schedule: (No March event), April 3, (no May event), and June 5.
Happendance To Go Team
2014-15 Season
The cast of Happendance To Go Professionals (Patricia Villaneuva, Deanne Rivera, Danielle Selby, Josh Smith) and dancer extras have worked hard to launch the 2014-15 concert which the team performs in schools and educational settings. The concert theme this school year is "The Power of Words," and dances include "Simple Machine" and "Gabustle." The acclaimed 2013 book, Gabustle Makes my Body Hustle, is not only featured in the show, but a free copy will be given to the school for each show booked.
Click here to learn more about Happendance To Go -- performances of the 50-minute show and movement experiences led by outstanding Happendance teachers, to enhance the learning process for classroom groups. Book soon to claim your grant funds which can subsidize up to 2/3 of the cost of each show. For booking information, call the Happendance office at 517/333-3528.
This year's Happendance 2 members are Marie Adrian, Rose Albrecht, Lia Baldoni, Ginny Cainstraight, Ayla Foster-Fishman, Katrina Granger, Kaylee Henderson, Roja E. Mullins, Sophie Parks, Rachel Ramsay, Jennifer Ruth, Audrey Spitzfaden, Sarah Stone, Jared Thompson, Brenna Van Haren, Maija Weaver, Dalee Yang and Rebecca Yeomans-Stephenson.
All were accepted into this pre-professional/pre-collegiate company of dancers age 12-18, after an audition process in June. They explore the world of professional dance while performing pieces choreographed by diverse mid-Michigan choreographers, and gaining hands-on experience in choroeography and concert production. Read more about Happendance 2.
Accepted for the Happendance Professional Company apprentice program were Lena Shuptar, Aiden Foster-Fishman and Abbie Smith. The opportunity is open each year to high school juniors and seniors with strong technique and performance skills, to study and perform with Happendance professionals in various performance opportunities, which historically have ranged from in and around Michigan to New York City.
Use GoodSearch & GoodShop
Happendance is listed on www.goodsearch.com. Simply use GoodSearch (powered by Yahoo) for all of your internet searches. Click here to add GoodSearch to your browser. The more often you use GoodSearch, the more money Happendance earns, costing you nothing.
You can also earn additional rewards, both in savings for you as a purchaser, and the donations that flow through to Happendance, from your use of GoodShop.com. To get started, go to (and bookmark) GoodShop.com. Or, if in Goodsearch.com, on the home page, under the search window, click on 'Shop Online, Support Your Cause'. Once there, enter Happendance as your charity and click Verify. If Happendance is already your default charity, just start shopping! A percentage of what you buy at the available stores will automatically be donated to Happendance, at no cost to you!
The Happendance mission: To stimulate support for the art of dance through performances and educational programs. To broaden the accessibility of dance to a diverse community and promote dance for lifelong physical and mental fitness.


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Magicsoft OST Recovery 1.0
Magicsoft OST Recovery tool is an affordable yet powerful tool that allow you to convert Exchange OST to PST Outlook with few simple steps. OST to PST Converter tool includes very few and simple steps to start damaged OST File; Select the damaged OST data from the system then convert OST file to PST file and now customer can save OST data to PST, EML or MSG data structure. This OST to PST Conversion application is the most innovative device can not only start damaged OST files but also can turn them in simple manner. Magicsoft OST Recovery tool can even work with the most severe hit not reachable files. It includes Trouble-free application administrator user interface. You can also try the FREE DEMO edition of OST Recovery software in order to get the feel of the application and see how the application works with OST data once they get pleased the customer can go for full edition software that can turn endless number of OST files for the customer and moreover it costs just $99. http://www.magicsoftrecovery.co ...
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Spyrix Employee Monitoring 7.0
Spyrix Employee Monitoring - cloud-based platform for tracking your employee computer activities. Spyrix allows remote (via web account) control of employees activity in the Internet including chats, messengers , Skype, social networks Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, search engines Google, Yahoo, Bing, apps activity, include games. Spyrix will also make screenshots of active windows, snapshots and video from webcamera, records from microphone.
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Video Booth 22.214.171.124
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IPMScan 184.108.40.2062
Control and testing of IPv4-networks, fast obtaining various information on knots of system. Will help to define network safety of the chosen knot or it is simple to receive necessary data on a network and its knots. Includes the scanner of a network (subnet), the set range, for the purpose of identification of available working IP addresses (knots) with fast definition of their MAC addresses, allows to hold testing of the chosen knot to the know
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TwinkiePaste 1.97
TwinkiePaste is the utility to quickly typing commonly used text, dates, greetings, standard responses, Internet URLs, logins and passwords, code templates. TwinkiePaste helps to quickly type text in almost any application, thus saving a lot of time and saving you from routine. How to it works? Press a hotkey in any application. The cursor displays a menu with text templates to be inserted. Select the menu command. Done! Text inserted.
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Antivirus, Anti-Malware and Firewall, all-in-one. Complete security suite to clean and protect your PC from all internet threats: viruses, spyware, trojans, bots, adware and worms. An intelligent firewall closes off and hides your system when using public networks. Your PC will be practically invisible. Includes IPv6 support.
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Fake webcam 7 installs itself as a webcam on your PC and broadcasts a video. Use it with any application including Yahoo, Skype, Window Live/MSN, Gtalk, Camfrog, AIM. Also works with web apps like Justin.tv, iVideoChat, LiveVideo, UStream.tv etc. You can play all type of videos including AVI, MPEG, MPG, WMV, RM, RAM, MOV, M1V, MP2, MPA, VOB, ASF, DAT, FLV, FLV2, MP4, SWF, BMP, PNG, JPG etc.You can even use it with multiple programs simultaneously
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Efficient Diary Pro is an elegant, easy-to-use and powerful electronic diary software package. With its unique and powerful flash full-text search technique, you can simply enter a word in the diary to quickly find the corresponding entries! The product has a strong edit function similar to that of MS-Word. A happy life can't be without Efficient Diary! Works straight from your USB flash drive.
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Books· Hidden· Israela· Electra: A Gender Sensitive Study of the Plays Based on the MythShort Stories· Singathon· http://bookmkr.audioacrobat.com/download/9ce5a097-bf57-fb1c-3447-cf7cea79d3· Bacground Material for Israela
The Gavel
The doctor said Eddy must cut back.
Eddy is my husband. He's as handsome as ever. His chest is still broad, his limbs muscular, his head is as covered in curls today as on the day we married, and—trust me---he's still a ladies' man.
Thing is, he loves the fleshpots: Women, fun times, and fine food---specifically beef, the redder, the rarer, the better. He gorges himself, chews, slurps, and swallows, laps up the juices, grunts with pleasure, and never leaves as much as a scrap for the next meal.
I'm a part-time secretary at St. Joseph's Church. If I don't get home on time, Eddy runs down to the shops himself. He sneaks behind the customers to the back of pretty Lisa Bailey's bakery looking for something sweet. After that, he comes back home, settles with his legs folded in front of him, satiated on the sofa, and sighs. His is the good life, for sure.
But Doctor Keller claims he's too old for the good life.
I'm home on time. First, I tease him with goodies—liver strips in mushroom sauce, or melting marrow bones, gravy and yams on his favorite yellow plate, the one with the roses and the chip on the rim that he never seems to notice, the last of my mother's best china. He wolfs them down lacking all decorum, as she herself used to say (my mother loved Eddy so) squishy noises issuing from his mouth as though he's plodding through marshland, his sweet, soft eyes oozing from the pleasure of it all.
His main course is blueblood red beef, none of the chicken feed the doctor prescribes which leaves him roaming the neighborhood again for something he can sink his teeth into. I serve him steak, the richer and more expensive the better, pink and tender on the inside, juicy and delicious.
I watch as his stomach swells. I undo the button of his vest, the one Suzy, my daughter-in-law, knitted him for Christmas. And now that he's done? Well, now that he's done, he sinks onto the cushions, vanquished.
And I know where he is.
Dessert. He picks at it, at his leisure, sugar hardening round the stubble on his chin.
After dinner, we take our stroll---nothing strenuous, just a few blocks down Grant Street. Eddy enjoys the evening air, the smell of new cut grass, birds congregating in the maple tree. He sniffs the roses, thrusting his nose into the bushes with the same gusto he pursues all his pleasures. He's like a kid that way---hurls himself into things.
But tonight, at the corner of Rochester, Eddy begins to drag. Stops walking. "What's the matter?" I ask, but he doesn't answer. His head is stretched forward. His stomach begins wrenching up and down, in and out. He's belching and vomiting on the very flower he'd just been sniffing. His left leg is trembling, and now he is slumped up against the tree. He seems so small. I've never thought of him as small before. He belches and wrenches for some time.
"Stay there. Don't move," I tell him. "I'll be right back." I leave him heaving over the ivy on the corner of Rochester and Grant, run back through the shadows for the car, and drive him to the emergency room.
The floors have been washed for the night. They're green. Folding chairs have been pushed flat up against the walls like they've been told not to take up too much room, to know what's good for them and keep their mouths shut.
The office reeks of Lysol. The receptionist sees Eddy, lowers the phone from her ear, and propels us into the doctor's office---ahead of the other after-hour patients pretending to read their papers, waiting their turn.
"I told you last time," the doctor pronounces, "you've outlived your life style. Cut out the beef."
A gavel pounds on some celestial bench.
The cell-phone buzzes in my pocket. "We're at the hospital," I whisper. Being here is like being in a library—you whisper on instinct. It's Eric, our son, truly a wonderful boy, but solicitous to a fault about his dad, seriously concerned that we might be retarded---and that we've probably been so since he was a child---and, all round, a ridiculous worrier now that he has a family of his own to raise.
We're not invalids, I keep telling him we function fine, just getting up there, is all, as God intended.
"He's in surgery," I whisper, and he makes me go into the details.
In short, the doctor repeated that Eddy is no longer in the steak days of his youth. He can no longer run free, nibbling on whatever sweet thing catches his fancy.
So that's how it is.
He tells me he hates being kept on a leash. Nowadays, he says, he can't even pee without me hovering over him, can't take a crap without me telling him where to dump it. Life's not fun for him.
And when we reach the major crosslight at the bottom of our street, he refuses to heel.
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Maine Wood Carvers Association - Shows and Competitions
We hope to see you at these great shows!
2015 Orono Carving Competition
March 6, 7 & 8
Spring is on its way and again it's time to get ready for the Maine Woodcarver's Association carving shows. The Eastern Maine Sportsman Show at University of Maine, Orono is March 6, 7 & 8. We have our usual spot at the "pit" gym. Entry registration is Friday (1-8 pm) and Sat (from 9-10:00 am) at the Field House at U.M., Orono. Judging starts at 10 am on Saturday, and pieces must be picked up Sunday between 2:00 and 3:00.
Competition is open to all carvers (membership not required). Remember pieces must have been completed since last year's show.
Help us make this a terrific show, please consider placing some entries and challenge your carving buddies to do the same – the more pieces we have, the more competition and the more enjoyable for all!
Please contact us if you would like more information or a copy of the official Rules. See you in Orono.
Downeast Woodcarvers:
2015 Maine Wood Carvers Association Wood Carving Show and Competition
presented by Maine Wood Carvers Association since 1986.
Location and Date!
Saturday, September 19th from 9 - 4. Show and Competition. Open to the general Public.
at the Buker Community Center, 22 Armory Street, Augusta, Maine
Realistic Bird Carvings • Decoys • Wildlife • Caricatures • Chip Carving • Relief Carving • Chainsaw Carving • Wood Turning • Intarsia • More...
Awesome artistry from New England and Canada
Featured Carver: Erwin Flewelling
Carving Competition • Vendor Booths • Carving Tool Sales • Wood Sales • Raffles
Admission $4.00, under 14 years is free
Show Flyer
2015 Competition Rules:
Vendor Forms:


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Gang video prompts questions of dismissal for 2 Chicago cops
The officers argue the man in the video was never in any danger, as gang members heckle him from the back of a squad
By Chip Mitchell
CHICAGO—The Chicago Police Board on Thursday evening is expected to decide the fate of two cops recommended for dismissal because of their conduct in a 2011 gang video spotted by WBEZ.
Police Supt. Garry McCarthy has accused patrol officers Susana La Casa, 49, and Luis Contreras, 44, of unlawfully restraining a young man and violating six police department rules, including bringing "discredit upon the department" and making a "false oral statement" about the incident to an Internal Affairs detective.
At the case's evidentiary hearing, a trial-like process that took place over two days in February, an attorney for McCarthy disputed testimony by La Casa and Contreras that they had simply tried to give Miguel "Mikey" Castillo a ride home on March 19, 2011, when a 90-second video captured the officers with the youth in their police SUV on the city's Northwest Side.
Full Story: Police Board to rule on dismissal of cops on gang video
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Gang video prompts questions of dismissal for 2 Chicago cops
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