text:
The present invention concerns a holographic process including a stage consisting in producing the hologram of a point P thank to an optical device including a crystal (131) and two polarizers (132,135) placed respectively before and after the crystal (131), characterized by the fact that it includes in addition the stages consisting in: 1) separating the answers of the optical system corresponding to two different polarizations and 2) combining both these answers in order to obtain a signal which depends only on the distance between the point P ant the optical device. The invention concerns also a device which allows the implementation or this process.
1. In a device having a first polarizer, a second polarizer having two distinct polarization angles, and a birefringent crystal located between the first and second polarizers, a process including steps of: producing two distinct holograms of a point P, located at a distance from the device, the two distinct holograms corresponding to the two distinct polarization angles of the second polarizer, using the device;
separately integrating amounts of light producing each of the two distinct holograms to produce two signals corresponding to the two distinct polarization angles of the second polarizer; and
combining the two signals to obtain a resulting signal which depends only on the distance z between the point P and the device.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of combining the two signals includes sub-steps of:
i) determining a difference between the two signals;
ii) determining a sum of the two signals; and
iii) determining a ratio between the difference and the sum.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of combining the two signals includes a sub-step of determining a ratio between the two signals.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the step of combining the two signals includes sub-steps of:
i) repeatedly summing the two signals to form a plurality of sums; and
ii) determining a difference between the two signals when one of the plurality of sums reaches a predetermined value.
The present invention describes an improved holographic process and a device using incoherent light.
The principle of incoherent holography and its application to distance measurements have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,844. This patent describes an optical system (named "Conoscopic Apparatus") including a birefringent uniaxial crystal and two polarizers which permit the hologram of a point in incoherent light to be optically formed.
If a ray of light impinges on the crystal, the birefringent properties of the crystal causes the incident light to be split into two light beams having perpendicular polarizations. The first light beam (ordinary ray) propagates inside the crystal at a velocity Vo (index of refraction No) independent of the propagation direction. The second light beam (extraordinary ray) propagates inside the crystal at a velocity Ve (index of refraction Ne) which is a function of the propagation direction.
At the first order of approximation on the incidence angle, the two light beams follow the same geometrical path in the crystal. However, because the two light beams do not propagate at the same velocity, they are out of phase with each other at the exit face of the crystal.
The polarizer placed after the crystal will permit the ordinary and extraordinary vibrations to recombine such that the phase of the resulting wave is coded in the form of an interference Figure.
The polarizer placed before the crystal permits two rays of the same intensity to be obtained such that a maximum contrast is obtained at the output.
For a small incident angle θ, and with a crystal of length L, whose crystallographic optical axis is parallel to the optical axis of the system, the phase difference between the ordinary and extraordinary rays induced by passing through the crystal is: ##EQU1## where
Zo=Z-L+(L/no) (2)
Z=Z-L+(Lno/ne2) (3)
The amplitude of the wave in the observation plane is the sum of the ordinary and extraordinary amplitudes. The intensity recorded at a point Q (x, y, o) is proportional to:
H1 (Q)=I(P).(1+cos Δφ) (4a)
H2 (Q)=I(P).(1-cos Δφ) (4b)
depending on whether the two polarizers have the same handiness or not.
In these relationships, I(P) is the intensity of the wave coming from the object point P (xO,yO,z), onto the detector, i.e., this one which should be recorded without the conoscopic part.
The interference pattern obtained which represents the conoscopic hologram of a point is called Gabor zone lens.
Indeed, the conoscopic hologram of a point recorded at the wavelength λ is similar to the hologram of the same point recorded with coherent light (Gabor holography) at an equivalent wavelength λeq given by: ##EQU2##
The French Patent Publication No. FR-A-2641091 describes some improvements to the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,844. Still other improvements are described in the French Patent Publication Nos. FR-A-2646251 and FR-A-2646252.
Until now, to recover the shape of the object, it was proposed to record the holograms on a CCD array or linear CCD array, to then digitize the obtained signal, and to numerically process the digitized signal. The numerical data process consists mainly of a Fourier transform.
The systems described in the above mentioned documents have a great interest. However, the known systems which include numerical data processing have a limited measurement time because of the time consumed by the numerical data processing. In addition the quantity of light needed to achieve a given signal to noise ratio (on which depends the further precision) is proportional to the square root of the number of detectors.
The object of present invention is to improve the existing devices and to suppress their disadvantages.
The present invention obtains the above mentioned objects by providing a process including steps of:
creating a point hologram by means of an optical device including a crystal and 2 polarizers positioned upstream and downstream the crystal;
separately recording the system outputs corresponding to two different polarizations; and
combining these two recordings to give a signal which is function of the distance between the point and the optical system.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combination of the two recordings of the device is based on the ratio between a difference and a sum of the recordings.
The present invention also concerns a device to implement the above described process.
Others characteristics, goals and advantages of the present invention will be clarified in the detailed description of the annexed Figures, given for non limitative examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic which represents the structure of a first device in accordance with present invention.
FIGS. 2 to 6 represent interference patterns recorded by a detector.
FIG. 7 represents signal output curves given after processing the signals recorded by detectors.
FIG. 8 represents a preferential output curve.
FIG. 9 represents an alternative embodiment of a detection device in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 10 represents some curves obtained with the detection device of FIG. 9.
FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 represent alternative devices in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 14 represents an intensity mask which may be used in the present invention.
FIG. 15 represents a device having autofocus properties in accordance with the present invention.
A first example of the present invention is described referring to FIG. 1.
The optical axis of device 10 is referenced as 12. The device 10 contains:
a conoscopic system 30 including:
a birefringent crystal 31, and
2 polarizers, 32 and 35 placed upstream and downstream from the crystal 31, respectively, and along the axis of the device 10;
a photodetector 50 positioned downstream from polarizer 35; and
a processor 60 coupled with the photodetector 50.
The first polarizer 32 is a circular polarizer which includes a linear polarizer 33 and a quarter wave plate 34 positioned behind the linear polarizer 33. The second polarizer 35 is a circular polarizer which includes a linear polarizer 36, a quarter wave plate 37 positioned ahead the linear polarizer 36, and an electro-optic valve 38 positioned ahead the quarter waveplate 37. The electro-optic valve 38 is utilized to rotate the polarization by 90� such that when the valve 38 voltage changes, the polarizer 35 functions as a right polarizer or a left polarizer. Thus, the electro-optic valve 38 allows the expression terms H1 (Q) and H2 (Q), given by the relations (4a) and (4b), to be obtained successively on the photodetector 50. These two values are processed in the processor 60.
More precisely the photodetector 50 is a circular photodetector centered on axis 12. The photodetector 50 integrates the recorded light (a Gabor zone). The photodetector 50 may be a photodiode for example.
The expression terms given by the equations (4a) and (4b) are invariant for a translation of an observed point P, in a perpendicular plane of the optical axis 12 of the device 10. Indeed, if the object point P is translated in this plane, the corresponding Gabor zone center will be translated by the same quantity.
FIGS. 2 to 6 represent schematically the interference patterns detected by a rectangular photodetector 50. In FIGS. 2 to 6, the F parameter represents the number of the black or white fringe on which the photodetector 50 is centered. FIG. 2 represents the interference pattern for a photodetector 50 centered on the black central fringe (F=O) at a distance Z1. FIG. 3 represents the interference pattern for a photodetector 50 centered on the black central fringe (F=O) at a smaller distance Z2<Z1. FIG. 4 represents the interference pattern for a photodetector 50 centered on the first white fringe (F=1) at the distance Z1. FIG. 5 represents the interference pattern for a photodetector 50 centered on the second black fringe (F=2) at the distance Z1 between the analyzed point and photodetector 50. FIG. 6 represents the interference pattern for a photodetector 50 centered on the second black fringe (F=2) at the smaller distance Z2<Z1.
A comparison of the results of FIGS. 2 and 3 on one hand, and FIGS. 5 and 6 on the other hand, show that when Z varies, the same fringe remains centered on detector. Consequently, for F=O, the zone center C moves.
Moreover, a comparison of the results of the FIGS. 2, 4, and 5 show that, when F increases and Z is fixed, the center position of the Gabor zone moves away from the center of the detector 50.
The representations given on FIGS. 2 to 6 correspond to one of the two used polarizations. The interference patterns recorded with the second polarization are complementary with those illustrated on FIGS. 2 to 6.
FIG. 7 represents the relationship of the ratio between the difference and sum of the values (S) successively obtained by photodetector 50 by the valve action 38 based on the distance Z for respective F values of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. The calculated S value eliminates sensitivity to the ambient light.
The represented curves on FIG. 7 show that configurations having the steepest slope are those for F=O. That is, the configurations in which the optical axis 12 of the device 10 on which the photodetector 50 is centered, have a coincidence with optical axis of the crystal.
The optical signals recorded successively by the photodetector 50 and given by the relations (4a) and (4b) can be written as:
H1 (x,y)=I (x,y) (1+cos α((x2 +y2) ) (6a)
H2 (x,y)=I (x,y) (1-cos α(x2 +y2) ) (6b)
The conoscopic parameter is related to the distance Z between the observed point and photodetector 50 through the expression: ##EQU3## Where α=Crystal Length
=Light wavelength
no=ordinary indices of refraction of the Crystal
ne=extraordinary indices of refraction of the Crystal
Δn=no2 -ne2 /(no ne2)
The photodetector 50 integrates the received light energy. Thus, the signals output by the photodetector 50 are given by:
S1 =∫∫H1 (x,y)dxdy (8a)
S2 =∫∫H2 (x,y)dxdy (8b)
Following a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, the processor 60 calculates the ratio between difference and sum of the values of the integrated received light energy based on the following equation: ##EQU4##
If the lighting is homogeneous, i.e. if I (x,y) is constant, the S value obtained is a sine function expressed as: ##EQU5##
Where R represents the detection pupil radius (i.e., either the photodetector 50 radius, or either an upstream mounted mask or diaphragm radius).
This signal S is not related with the intensity I, but rather, is function of the distance Z between the observed point and the photodetector 50.
FIG. 8 represents the variation of S as function of Z in experimental conditions characterized by:
Wavelength λ=632.8 nm
Crystal 31=calcite
length=25 mm
ordinary index (no)=1,658
extraordinary index (ne)=1,486
Detector 60 radius R=5.65 mm
The slope of the S curve is maximum between the two abscissas A and B. The value of Z can be unequivocally determined based on S between these two points.
In the experimental example presented, the measurement field between the two points A and B is taken between 700 mm (for A) and 380 mm (for B).
These limits of depth of field correspond to a translation zone taken between point B at which the detector 50 detects 1.3 fringes, and point A in which the detector 50 detects 0.3 fringe. Whatever the characteristics of the crystal 31 are, this zone, taken between 0.3 fringe and 1.3 fringe on the photodetector 50, can be used to get the maximum sensitivity in detecting the distance Z. This exploitation mode, in which a variation of a single fringe is detected, will be called monofringe. This exploitation mode presents a limited depth of field. However, the depth of field may be widened without changing the maximal sensitivity between F=0.3 and F=1.3, by using a multifringes device, that is, by using a device in which several fringes are present on the same detector.
FIG. 9 depicts an alternative embodiment of the device of the present invention which increases the depth of field by dividing the photodetector 50 into one circular central part 51 and one external ring 52 which surrounds the central part 51. The central part 51 behaves as a fringes counter. The central part 51 and external part 52 make a single detector by summing their outputs.
FIG. 10 illustrates the relationship of the ratio between the difference and the sum of the signals provided by the fringes counter 51 (S51 with respect to the distance Z and the relationship of the ratio between the difference and the sum of the sums provided by the fringes counter 51 and the external part 52 (S51+52) with respect to the distance Z for both polarizations as they are driven by the light valve 38.
The shape of the curve S51+52 changes its sign for half-integer values of the number fl of fringes which were observed by the detectors 51+52.
In FIG. 10, the points of the curve S51+52 for which: fl=0.3; fl=1.5; f1=2.5; f1=3.5; f1=4.5; f1=5.5; and f1=6.5 are marked by the letters: A, C, D, E, F, G and H, respectively, and are indicated by a dashed line. This curve corresponds to curve S of FIG. 8.
One skilled in the art will understand that some combinations including S51 and S51+52 allow detection in a bi-unequivocal manner and with precision, of the distance, z, in the depth of field A to H and not only on the depth of field A to B. For instance, the curve S51 produced by the counter 51 allows the segment AB, BC, CD . . . in which the measurement is present to be determined, while the curve S51+52 allows a precise positioning, z, inside each of these segments. To obtain an optimal detection, the radius, rc of the counter 51 is calculated to cover the range of 0.3 to 1.3 fringes observed while the detector 51+52 covers the range of 1.5 to 6.5 observed fringes. If, for example, the calculation is made for a radius, rd, of the external part S2 of the detector equal to rd =5 mm, then the counter radius will be rc =2.2 mm.
The photodetector 50 must be adapted to have low losses between the central part 51 and the ring 52 which surrounds the central part 51.
Alternative solution using two photodetectors
FIG. 11 presents an alternative embodiment of the present invention using two photodetectors 150 and 155.
The optical axis of the device 100 is referenced as 112. The device 100 includes:
a conoscopic system 130 including:
a birefringent crystal 131; and
two polarizers 132 and 135 located in front of and behind the crystal 131, respectively, along the axis 112 of the device 100;
a limited aperture 140;
two photodetectors 150 and 155; and
a signal processor 160 coupled with the photodetectors 150 and 155.
In the same manner as the first embodiment of the present invention shown on the FIG. 1, the first polarizer 132 is a circular polarizer which includes a linear polarizer 133 and a quarter-wave plate 134 located after the linear polarizer 133. The second polarizer 135 includes a polarizing beamsplitter cube 136 and a quarter-wave plate 137 located in front of the cube 136.
The polarizing beamsplitter cube 136 ensures the correct combination of the ordinary and extraordinary modes (light beams) as well as a polarization splitting.
The limited aperture 140 is located between the quarter wave plate 137 and the cube 136 of the second polarizer 135.
Both photodetectors 150 and 155 are located, respectively, facing both end faces 1360 and 1361 of the cube 136. The photodetector 150 is centered on the optical axis 112 behind the cube 136 and its sensitive surface is perpendicular to the optical axis 112. The photodetector 155 is centered on the axis 113 which is perpendicular to the optical axis 112. Its sensitive surface is perpendicular to the axis 113.
Both photodetectors 150 and 155 allow the values S1 and S2 corresponding to the integration of the luminous power, which exits the crystal 131 and following two perpendicular polarizations which were split by the cube 136 parallel to the plane of FIG. 11 for the detector 150 and perpendicularly to the plane of FIG. 11 for the detector 155, to be acquired simultaneously.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both photodetectors 150 and 155 have the same sensitive surface with a circular shape.
The processor 160 coupled with the photodetectors 150 and 155 calculates the signal S as given by the relationship (9) (i.e., the ratio between the difference and the sum of the signals provided by both photodetectors 150 and 155). The curve describing the relationship of S with respect to Z is similar to the curve shown in FIG. 8. Accordingly, the device 100 has a preferred depth of field within 0.3 to 1.3 fringes on the photodetectors 150 and 155 to obtain a maximum sensitivity. However, to increase the depth of field, similar to FIG. 9, as shown in FIG. 12, each photodetector 150 or 155 can be divided into one central circular part 1500 or 1550, respectively, and an external annular part 1501 or 1551, respectively which surrounds the central parts 1500 or 1550, respectively.
The central parts 1500 and 1550 of the photodetectors 150 and 155, respectively, are the so-called counters of fringes. Central parts 1500 and 1550 and external annular parts 1501 and 1551 of the photodetectors 150 and 155, respectively generate the signals S1500 and S1550, respectively. The sum of both parts 1500 and 1501 of the photodetector 150 generates the signal S1550+1551. The relationship of the ratio (S1500-S1550)/(S1500+S1550) between the difference of the signals provided by the central parts 1500 and 1550 of the photodetectors 150 and 155, respectively, and the sum of the same signal with respect to Z is illustrated by the curve S51 as shown on FIG. 10. The relationship of the ratio (S1500+1501-S1550+1551)/(S1500+1501+S1550+1551) with respect to Z is illustrated by the curve S51+52 as shown on FIG. 10.
The embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are free from any time variations of the luminous power emitted by the source point because each of the signals are sampled at the same time and not sequentially as was the case with the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1. In the case of the device represented on FIG. 1, the insensitivity to the luminous power emitted by the source point obtained by dividing (H1-H2) by (Hi+H2) assumes that the measurement of H1 and H2 are realized with the same source intensity.
Otherwise, the devices shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 are faster than the device of FIG. 1 because they do not need a light valve switching to obtain the signals H1 and H2, and they provide a better signal to noise ratio.
Nevertheless as the signals H1 and H2 are detected in two different geometries, it must be ensured that those geometries are equivalent, (i.e. that photodetectors 150 and are correctly aligned to their respective axis 112 and 113).
The limited aperture 140 assures that this condition is met. Specifically, the limited aperture 140 is chosen so that for every one of the observed points P, the interference pattern does not cover the full sensitive surface of both photodetectors 150 and 155.
Alternative multifringes solution using two crystals
FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment 300 of the device of the present invention.
The axis of the optical device 300, as shown in FIG. 13, is referenced as 312. This device 300 includes:
a conoscopic system 330 including:
a principal birefringent crystal 3300,
a secondary birefringent crystal 3301,
an input polarizer 332,
two output polarizer assemblies 3350, 3351,
a half reflection mirror 370,
two photodetectors 350, 355 and
a processor 360 for processing the signals generated by both photodetectors 350, 355.
The input polarizer 332 is located upstream of the principle birefringent crystal 3300 along the optical axis 312. The input polarizer 332 is a circular polarizer and includes a linear polarizer 333 and a quarter wave plate 334 placed behind the linear polarizer 333.
A light valve 338, similar to the light valve 38 as indicated above, is arranged downstream from the principle birefringent crystal 3300 along the optical axis 312. The optical light valve 338 is used to rotate the polarization by a 90� angle.
Along the optical axis 312, the light valve 338 is followed by the half reflecting mirror 370 oriented at 45� with the optical axis 312.
The first output polarizer assembly 3350 is located behind the half reflecting mirror 370 on the optical axis 312. The first output polarizer assembly 3350 includes a linear polarizer 3360 and a quarter-wave plate 3370 placed before the linear polarizer 3360. The first photodetector 350 is located after the first output polarizer assembly 3350.
The secondary crystal 3301 is located at 90� from the optical axis 312 at a 45� angle from the face of the mirror 370 and along the secondary axis 313.
The secondary crystal 3301 is followed by the second output polarizer assembly 3351. The second output polarizer assembly includes a linear polarizer 3361 and a quarter-wave plate 3371 placed in front of the linear polarizer 3361. The second photodetector 355 is located behind the second output polarizer assembly 3351.
By driving the light valve 338, the signals S1 and S2 may be successively obtained on the photodetectors 350 and 355.
The ratio between the difference and the sum of the signals so obtained at the output of the first photodetector 350 allows a curve corresponding to the curve S51 as shown on the FIG. 10 to be obtained. The first photodetector 350 thus has the role of the so-called fringes counter 51 represented on FIG. 9.
Otherwise, the ratio between the difference and the sum of the obtained signals at the output of the second photodetector 355 allows a curve corresponding to the curve S51+52 as shown on FIG. 10 to be obtained. The second photodetector 355 thus has the role of the so-called detector 51+52 represented on FIG. 9.
In a similar manner as the device of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9, the embodiment of the device of the present invention shown in FIG. 13 allows the depth of field to be improved over the one obtained by the embodiment of the device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the secondary crystal 3301 could be placed before the first photodetector 350 instead of the second photodetector 355.
Intensity mask
In the multifringes responses obtained through the devices described in FIGS. 1 or 11, it is possible to decorrelate the measured distance and the depth of field by arranging an intensity mask before the detector(s) 50 or 150 and 155.
The intensity mask can be placed at any position on the optical path between the observed point P and the detector(s) 50 or 150 and 155.
The intensity mask is, however, preferably placed between the conoscopic system 30 or 130 and the photodetector(s) 50 or 150 and 155.
In the case of the device of FIG. 11, either a single intensity mask can be arranged before the beamsplitter 136 or two intensity masks can be arranged after the beamsplitter 136 before each one of the detector(s) 150 and 155.
This intensity mask is complementary of the interference pattern obtained on the photodetectors for a predetermined "stand-off" distance (m.e., the mean distance of the needed depth of field).
An example of the intensity mask 200 is represented in FIG. 14.
One skilled in the art will understand that the intensity mask will permit the system to be arranged in a configuration equivalent to a monofringe configuration, thereby permitting analysis of the response in vicinity of a chosen fringe, n.
In instances where a light source cannot be used, the system can use the light emitted by the point P due to ambient light if this light is strong enough. This light source is not represented on the Figures to simplify the drawing. The light source(s) must be spatially incoherent or made incoherent, for example by modulation, and quasi monochromatic.
In the configuration described earlier in which the system is working around one fringe, the influence of the wavelength is much less than in the classical numerical processing by Fourier transform where a large number of fringes is recorded. Indeed, in polychromatic light, each spectral component produces it's own fringe pattern with the scale being different. The superposition of these patterns causes a contrast loss and this loss is higher if the fringe number is higher. More accurately: ##EQU6## for example for ##EQU7## and for F=1, we obtain ΔF=0.1 which corresponds to a contrast loss of 2% approximately; for F=50 we obtain ΔF=5 which corresponds to a contrast loss of 96%.
Autofocus system
An autofocus system, based on this invention, will be described with reference to FIG. 15.
In the curve S presented in FIG. 8, a special position of distance exists for which the signal S is 0. Before and after this position (Zo), the signal S is respectively negative and positive. This specific position (Zo) can be used as a reference which can be used by an autofocus function.
In this type of application, the distance between the object and the device is not measured but rather, a reference position which corresponds to the position for which the signal S is 0 is determined.
In FIG. 15, a conoscopic device 130, including a birefringent crystal 131 which is placed between two polarizers 132 and 133, and a polarizing beamsplitter plate 136 can send the response corresponding to the two polarizations toward the detectors 150 and 155.
Also, in FIG. 15, a beamsplitter 400 is placed before the conoscopic device 130, (i.e., between it and the object O to be observed). This beamsplitter 400 permits the object O to be observed with the conoscopic device 130 and to be illuminated with the source 410. The source 410 can be either a LED or laser diode or another similar means. The light emitted by source 410 is focused by the optic 420 and deflected toward the beamsplitter plate 400 by a mirror 430.
The optical head is coupled to an automatic system 450 of mechanical displacement in the longitudinal direction (i.e., along the device axis). The value of the output voltage of the optical head controls its displacement such that the proper focusing position is maintained.
In conclusion, the devices based on the present invention described above measure the quantity of light impinging on each detector and by combining the signal obtained, discards the mean intensity to obtain a signal having a value which depends, for a given range, in a bi-unequivocal way, on the distances between the observed point and the sensor.
Of course the described invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above but extends to any alternative embodiments in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.
As mentioned before, the crystal (31, 131, or 3300) may have its optical axis either parallel to the optical axis of the system (12, 112, or 312) or tilted relative to this optical axis.
The intensity mask 200 as represented schematically in FIG. 14 can be used either to precisely define the geometry of the detector (square, rectangle, round . . . ) or to permit the non uniformity of the transfer function of the detectors to be corrected.
An imaging optic can be provided before the input polarizer. This imaging optic can be of the spherical type. In this case, the point P to be observed must be precisely positioned on the optical axis of the system. Alternatively, the imaging optics can be of the cylindrical type. In this case, straight and parallel fringes are produced. Further, in this case, the constraints of positioning of point P to be observed are less stringent because the point P can move on a straight line perpendicular to the optical axis of the system and parallel to the generators of the cylindrical optics (i.e., in the symmetry plane of the cylindrical optics).
The processor 60, 160, or 360 is preferably implemented using pure analogic electronics but can be also implemented with digital electronics.
The input polarizer 32, 132, or 332 and the output polarizer 135, 3350, or 3351 described above may be of the circular type.
Linear polarizers can also be used. It is also possible to use any of the configurations:
Linear input and circular output;
Circular input and circular output;
Circular input and linear output; and
Linear input and linear output;
Following the previous description, the processor 60, 160, or 360 calculates S=(S1 -S2)/(S1 +S2). Following a first variation, the processor 60, 160, or 360 can calculate S1 /S2. Following a second variant, the processor 60, 160, or 360 can control the value S1 +S2 (i.e., the total quantity of light) by modifying the integration time and will calculate S1 -S2, when S1 +S2 has reached the needed value.
The value 38 or 338 can be a liquid crystal light valve, a PLZT device, a Pokes cell or any equivalent device.
Since the device of the present invention works by integrating the received light flux, focusing optics can be arranged before each detector 50, 150, 155, 350, or 355. This disposition will allow the use of smaller size photodetectors which are generally faster than larger size photodetectors.
The systems previously described analyze a single point. To analyze a 3D object, a scanning unit may be used with those systems.
Such a scanning unit can be any known structure. For example a rotating mirror, a hologram, an accousto-optic device or any similar means as described in the document "Elements of modern Optical Design" Donald C. O'Shea - Wiley interscience are convenient.
Such a scanning unit will allow the profile (2D) or the shape (3D) of an object to be recorded.
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Swine Flu at Your Campus
May 8, 2009
Recently a handful of swine flu cases have been reported on campuses in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with local and state health agencies where human cases of H1N1 have been diagnosed.
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- CDC and Prevention Alert for Institutions of Higher Education
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Once a database is created how can it be checked if the database contains tables or table structure using PHP?
When the user accesses the system first time it creates a default database with no tables, then in the next step the user is supposed to import the customized database structure by uploading
.sql file. I need to check if they have imported the database or has skipped that step by checking if the default database that was automatically created earlier has any table structure.
When I executed
mysql_list_tables(defaultDBName) it just returns "Your SQL query has been executed successfully", but no result set in phpMyAdmin.


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Description from the manager
- 1 bedrooms
- 1 bathrooms
- Sleeps 4
- House
Bedrooms: 1
Bathrooms: 1
Sleeps: 4
Type: HouseSara`s Sea Esta
Description from the manager
Watch the ships come and the beautiful sunsets from the balcony of this nicely equipped vacation retreat. This adorable 1 bedroom condo, bayfront views located at the Savannah Beach and Racquet Club on the quiet North end of Tybee Island. Just a few short steps from the pool and beach! The kitchenette features a full size refrigerator, microwave and apartment size stove. Queen bedroom, sleeper sofa will sleep 4 comfortably. Enjoy the views of the bay, ships and shrimp boats from your private balcony. This rental property offers all the amenities needed for a fun filled vacation for your family. This unit boasts fantastic views of Hilton Head...Read more
About the manager
About the manager
Response rate 100%
Response time A few hours
Calendar updated 2 weeks ago
Overall rating4.5 / 5.0 based on 61 reviews and 34 properties
! This property is located in Tybee Island, Georgia, but it doesn't show on the map because we don't have its specific location.
Sara`s Sea Esta
Tybee Island, Georgia
located in Tybee Island, Georgia, but cannot be displayed on a map. Contact the manager for more details
Additional Location Information
What's Nearby
Tennis courts nearby, Golf course within 30 minute drive, Fishing nearby, Water sports nearby, Beachfront property
Getting There
Car is not necessary
What Past Guests Are Saying
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Cancan Cross
The Cancan Cross exercise works your abs, obliques and legs.
-We're gonna take you through the Can-Can now. You're gonna strengthen your waist. I want you to move your legs fluidly and you're gonna kick over your shoulders so that we really get the deep core abdominals here, so we're gonna start by twisting the legs to the right, and then the left, and then the right, and kick back to me, and bring them back down, and let's take your tempo up. Other side. Left, and right, and left, and kick, and bend. Repeat. Over, and two, and three. Kick and bend. And as you get stronger, you can go a little faster. Twist, and twist, and twist. This is our fourth one. We'll go for two more. To the right. To the left. Keep the chest up. To the right. Kick and bend. And last, one left and right; really twist the waist. Kick, and bend, and relax. We can work this exercise also all the way up to 12 reps. We're here today. Six is a good place to start.
This Week's Top Videos Quick and Easy Craft: Egg Carton Napkin Rings Easy Easter-Egg Dye Idea: Use Rubber Cement Breakfast from your Slow Cooker: Slow-Toasted Granola Recipe Eat These Foods to Live Longer Fit for Love: Sarah and Leonard Are You Cleaning It Wrong? 5 Baby Items You Can Live Without 7 Foods to Lower Your Blood Pressure


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Book your room at Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Kansas City Overland Park
Standard Room, 2 Double BedsMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Standard Room, 1 King BedMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Suite, 2 Double BedsMax Occupancy: 5 guests (up to 4 children, 4 infants)
Standard Room, 1 King BedMax Occupancy: 2 guests (up to 1 child, 1 infant)
Overland Park hotel with an indoor pool
Situated in Overland Park, this hotel is close to Overland Park 9/11 Memorial, Towne Center Plaza, and Overland Park Convention Center. Local attractions also include Museum at Prairiefire and Overland Park Soccer Complex.
Hotel Features
Recreational amenities at Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Kansas City Overland Park include an indoor pool and a spa tub. Other amenities include a bar/lounge and a business center.
Room Amenities
Guestrooms have complimentary wireless Internet access, complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, and air conditioning; rooms also include climate control and coffee/tea makers.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to an indoor pool, Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Kansas City Overland Park provides a spa tub and a fitness center. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast.
A business center is on site. Event facilities measure 1567 square feet (141 square meters). This business-friendly hotel also offers tour/ticket assistance, coffee/tea in the lobby, and a grocery/convenience store. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Kansas City Overland Park is a smoke-free property.
- Total number of rooms - 110
- Number of floors - 4
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Express check-out
- Fitness facilities
- Grocery/convenience store
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Conference space size (feet) - 1567
- Conference space size (meters) - 141
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Free self parking
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Spa tub
- Indoor pool
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Climate control
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Hair dryer
- Shower/tub combination
- Iron/ironing board
- Desk
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Flat-panel TV
- Free WiFi
- Free wired high-speed Internet
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast.
Nearby Activities
An indoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a fitness center.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Horse riding/rental on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.


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HoopsHype Gordon Hayward rumors
Before each game his mother texts him the message, "Remember Who you play for." "It helps remind myself why I am doing this. I am playing for the glory of God," Hayward said. "It makes life easier. It takes a lot of pressure off of you. My inspiration first and foremost always has to be God. I play every game for Him and after that my inspiration is my family." The Alabama Baptist
In his fifth season in the NBA, Hayward has grown in his faith. "(My) faith has been good because of the people I have been around. The Jazz have always had good people and people with strong faith. There are always chapel services that you can go to," Hayward said. The Alabama Baptist
"I always thought that we would be out there every night after dinner just going with epic battles," said Gordon Hayward Sr. in an installment of SB Nation's "Origins" series. "You know, when he was a freshman, he was under me, and I just kind of bullied him, and then all of the sudden he grew, and I'm under him, and he's bullying me." Hayward's parents and his twin sister, Heather, joined the Jazz player on "Origins" to discuss what his basketball career has meant for their family. Conversations about everything from neighborhood games of "Kick the Can" to the most memorable moments of his career make it clear that the Hayward family has taken Gordon's ride to the NBA together. Watch the entire video here. Deseret News
A new addition is coming to the Utah Jazz family — or more specifically, the Hayward family. Gordon and Robyn Hayward are expecting a baby girl, due in mid-June. "It's been an incredible year for me and my family," Gordon posted Tuesday on his blog. "I got married to Robyn. I signed to stay in Utah, and we settled into a new home. And now, our team is making its greatest addition ever." Both are very excited, he said, but it has been a challenge for his family while he's on road trip. Fortunately, coaches and players are handing out plenty of advice. Deseret News
Hayward zoned out the talk, bulking up in the weight room at St. Vincent Sports Performance in Indianapolis all summer. He lifted weights five days a week, completing a near two-hour strength, conditioning and speed workout. As a result, he added five to seven pounds of muscle by the start of training camp, weighing in at 230 pounds (up from 220 the previous season). "He got a lot stronger, a lot more confident than last year," Jazz teammate Derrick Favors said. "I think the strength has helped him out a lot." SB Nation
He also morphed into one of the top tennis players in Indiana, reaching the state singles quarterfinals. But as college basketball coaches began to watch him play, it became clear Hayward's future lied on the hardwood. "If he played tennis year round, he had a strong chance of probably playing professional tennis," former Brownsburg tennis coach Eric Esterline said. SB Nation
Tony Jones: On the record, Gordon Hayward had this to say: I don't think anyone was happy about it Twitter @Tjonessltrib
Utah Jazz guards Trey Burke and Alec Burks disagreed with how Gordon was injured during the teams' game in Salt Lake City on Nov. 22. Gordon came out of the game at 4:35 of the second quarter with a left shoulder injury that later was found to be a torn labrum. Gordon said the injury occurred when he was driving to the basket and Burke, 6 foot 1, grabbed his left arm, pulling his shoulder out of socket. However, Burke, a second-year player out of Michigan, said he was not involved in the play on which Gordon was injured. "I on the bench when it happened," Burke said. "That was Alec. They got tangled up." The Advocate
Burke looked concerned. "How's he doing," he said. Told that Gordon likely will be out at least three more weeks, Burke shook his head and said, "Aw, man, that's too bad. Hopefully, he'll be alright." The Advocate
Hayward pulled a Hayward in the first half when he timed a James layup attempt and blocked it from behind. The Cavs though it was goaltending. The superstar even said he was told by an NBA ref at halftime that was the case. So, Hayward? "It was close," he admitted. "They didn't call it a goaltend. That's all that matters, right?" Hayward wasn't about to give any Cavs a chance to block his shot on the other end. He hurried back on offense and finished the highlight sequence off with a thundering dunk. Deseret News
Jody Genessy: Players gave Quin Snyder the game ball after Jazz earned him his first NBA head-coaching win. Gordon Hayward apologized it took three games. Twitter @DJJazzyJody
A fifth year center, Favors scored a career-high 32 points and added nine rebounds and two blocked shots to that total. Small forward Gordon Hayward was almost equally as good, scoring 24 points, grabbing 10 rebounds and handing out three assists. They were without question the two best players on the floor. On a young team that still features a bunch of questions, Favors and Hayward looked like potential all-stars - if only for one night. "What Favors did tonight from a leadership perspective was outstanding," Jazz coach Quin Snyder said. "I thought Gordon was also terrific. Derrick's line obviously stands out at you, but Gordon was almost as good. Those two guys - from a leadership standpoint - they just connected tonight." Salt Lake Tribune
While in Southern California for a preseason road trip, Derrick Favors and Gordon Hayward had a chance to reunite with perhaps the most popular Utah Jazz teammate they've ever had. And it happened, of all places, on the set of "The Ellen DeGeneres Show." The two Utah players were invited to participate in a five-minute segment featuring JP Gibson, the 5-year-old with leukemia who signed a one-day contract with the Jazz last week. The family didn't know the players were going to surprise them and be part of the show, which aired Thursday afternoon. Deseret News
"Just the fact that he took out 15 minutes to Skype with me showed a lot," Hayward says. "His brand is legendary status, so no matter what he'll always be a basketball idol worldwide. ... Everybody is a fan of MJ. He's one of the best to ever do it." The Haywards visited the team's practice facility, toured the neighborhoods and visited the homes of Cho and Jefferson. "I didn't know what to expect ... but they blew me away with their presentation," Hayward says. "They came in and did a whole analytical presentation too, which was really, really impressive. It spoke to the analytical part of me. I was a computer engineer and math major in college, so that was really impressive to see. USA Today Sports
"That was strong. I feel like he got stronger than last year," Jazz center Rudy Gobert said. "He's going to need it, because people are waiting for him this year." Gobert, known to be feisty himself, smiled when asked about the Hayward staredown. "First time I see emotions from Gordon," the French center said. Deseret News
A funny moment after shootaround was provided by Snyder and his quick wit. He was informed that he looks life-like in the new NBA 2k15 video game that made its debut early in the week. "I'm in a video game?" Snyder asked. "Maybe now, Gordon (Hayward) will start listening to me." Salt Lake Tribune
Any rumor missing? E-mail us at email@example.com.


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If you'd like to hire a financial advisor, here's a helpful guide.
The Medicare bill passed by Congress Thursday is an amalgam of temporary solutions to a host of health policy issues, special interest subsidies, and a promise of better health care for seniors. It may improve the way Medicare reimburses docs for the services they provide, but it won't fix the problem.
Whether you live in a community property state like California, you might choose to keep some assets separate in marriage. Here are some key do's and don'ts for keeping assets separate in marriage, and for building a successful financial life as a couple.
Mercedes-Benz may be about to branch out into the light truck segment with a new pickup. Assuming the announcement isn't an early April Fools' Day prank, the new Mercedes pickup would compete against other small to mid-size trucks from Ford, Toyota, and Volkswagen.
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The SEC approved changes to a little-used regulation that will now let companies sell up to $50 million in securities to outside investors every year. The change creates a sort of 'IPO Lite' — a way to raise capital for businesses that may be well established, but not ready to be traded on the stock market.
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For Ur elucidation is was GW Bush who started the Iraq war. In fact Pres Bush's reasons for attacking Iraq are the greatest U.S. political lies (& most damage to the United States) in decades, possibly centuries. According to a 11/26/09 article ('The Cost of War') in Forbes, "Republicans have been characterized by two principal positions: They like starting wars and don't like paying for them. George W. Bush initiated two major wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but adamantly refused to pay for either of them by cutting non-military spending or raising taxes…" (http://www.forbes.com/2009/11/25/shared-sacrifice-war-taxes-opinions-columnists-bruce-bartlett.html)
The only fools are those who make accusations without verifiable proof.
Pres. GW Bush should know what would happen in Iraq as his father, Pres. GHW Bush warned America against doing what his son, GWB, did in an unprovoked attack on Iraq. It all began when the Afghan war started on October 7, 2001. By 12/7/2001 anti-Taliban and American troops controlled ever major city in the country. The war was basically over and the GW Bush Admin. had won a great victory with only 8 wounded and 12 fatalities. Unfortunately, Osama bin Laden escaped to Pakistan during the Tora Bora fight - due to a military SNAFU. Pres. GW Bush, the son, did not listen to the advice of his father, Pres. GHW Bush who argued against elimination of Iraq's Saddam Hussein in a 1998 book co-authored with his National Security Advisor, Brent Scowcroft, entitled "A World Transformed". In chapter 19, pg 489-90, they wrote the following about the first Gulf War: "Trying to eliminate Saddam, extending the ground war into an occupation of Iraq... would have incurred incalculable human and political costs. Apprehending him was probably impossible....We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq. The coalition would instantly have collapsed, the Arabs deserting it in anger and other allies pulling out as well. Under the circumstances, there was no viable 'exit strategy' we could see, violating another of our principles.... Had we gone the invasion route, the United States could conceivably still be an occupying power in a bitterly hostile land." Thus, two wars, a Middle-East in flames, and the killing of bin Laden, who was implicated in numerous acts of terrorism including the USS Cole in Oct. 2000, was left to President Obama.
In response to:
The ACA (Obamacare) may or may not be successful in the long run, but neither it or the Obama presidency will equal the economic (fiscal) damage done to America by President GW Bush's Iraqi war. Here are the verifiable facts: GW Bush falsely involved America in decade long wars. In a speech in Cincinnati on Oct. 7, 2002, Bush said, "If we know Saddam Hussein has dangerous weapons today - and we do..." But in a 2/24/01 interview in Cairo, Egypt, Collin Powell said: "And frankly they (sanctions) have worked. He (Hussein) has not developed any significant capability with respect to weapons of mass destruction." And On 29 July 2001 Condoleezza Rice indicated the weakness of Iraq when she said "the country is divided, arms have been kept from him and his military forces have not been rebuilt." In pain, misery, and money the Iraq war has cost over 330,000 American and Iraqi lives and $4 trillion spent and obligated, according to the Brown University Report, "Costs of War" (http://costsofwar.org/). Moreover, the longest war in American history drags on in Afghanistan. A war which the Bush Administration did a fine job of winning until he threw it all away in the deserts of Iraq. A must reading for all honest Obama critics is a 10/24/05 American Conservative article, "Money for Nothing," which reports: "When the final page is written on America's catastrophic imperial venture, one word will dominate the explanation of U.S. failure-corruption. Large-scale and pervasive corruption..." (http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/money-for-nothing/). Also, a 11/26/09 Forbes article, "The Cost of War," says: "Republicans have been characterized by two principal positions: They like starting wars and don't like paying for them. George W. Bush initiated two major wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but adamantly refused to pay for either of them by cutting non-military spending or raising taxes… Bush and his party, which controlled Congress from 2001 to 2006, never asked for sacrifices from anyone except those in our nation's military and their families." (http://www.forbes.com/2009/11/25/shared-sacrifice-war-taxes-opinions-columnists-bruce-bartlett.html
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Yosemite National Park is my most favorite place on the planet that I have been able to visit. I just love the mountain setting and the shear cliffs of the valley. The trees seem to grow larger, the air seems cleaner and everything just seems larger than life in the valley. The park is visited by over 3 million people on an annual basis and so one of my challenges when I go there is to find the path that few have taken. On the way out of the vally a couple mile from the valley floor is a creek that cascades down of the mountains and is broken by many falls along the way. This is known as, you guessed it, Cascade Creek. Many visitors stop at the turnout and look up over the road and view the waterfall from the side of the road. This...
Welcome. Thank you for taking your time to visit my galleries. I'm a photographer that makes his home in Northern California. I love getting out shooting the outstanding scenery that this area has to offer. I may be in Yosemite one weekend and the Napa wine country the next. I try not to set limits on where, when or what I shoot. I've been shooting photography now for roughly six years and am learning something new everytime I go out. If you see anything you like please leave a comment, I'll try my best to acknowledge it. If you have any suggestions please feel free to share them. Eventually I plan on branching out to children and pets. Please come back often as I am continously adding new work. If you see work that you like...
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14K Yellow Gold Bead Station Necklace
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A fashionable, long 36" necklace with 14K yellow gold beaded stations.
This fashion necklace is made of 14K yellow gold. It features 14K gold beaded stations closes with a lobster clasp.
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By Jef With One F
The 10 Biggest Rockers Living in Texas
By Rocks Off
By Chris Lane
By Angelica Leicht
By Corey Deiterman
Drake Returns to Warehouse Live
By Brando
By Angelica Leicht
6 Bands No One Noticed Broke Up
By Corey Deiterman
Jersey City quartet the Black Hollies inhabit the space between the apex of mod and the dawn of psych-rock. Sophomore release Casting Shadows essentially exists within the same parameters as debut Crimson Reflections: The whole record (ten tracks at around 35 minutes) is one huge hook drenched in familiarity. On tracks like "Paisley Pattern Ground," the band shamelessly explores its influences and comes out sounding like a shroom-eating, American answer to the Len Price 3, while "Hamilton Park Ballerina" follows similar hallucinogenic channels. The pushy "Under a Winter's Spell" would have benefited from a lighter touch, and they bring nothing new to the "Who Do You Love?"-aping "Running Through My Mind." All sins are forgotten, though, by the end of the fuzzy, sitar-drenched "Patient Sparrow." The Black Hollies may not challenge seasoned listeners, but to fans' delight, they're keeping music's psychedelic past alive. Casting Shadows' most glaring fault is its ambition: The Black Hollies often try too much in the space of one song, although things never get completely muddled. Nonetheless, when a wealth of ambition is the biggest problem with your second album, is there really a problem at all?
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Japanese tales
Pantheon Books, 1987 - Fiction - 340 pages
This selection of over two hundred tales from medieval Japan includes stories of miracles, visions of hell, jokes, fables, and legends from history
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12 pages matching Konjaku in this book
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Review: Japanese Tales (Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library)User Review - Winter Rose - Goodreads
Informative, Enchanting & Fascinating! Read full review
Review: Japanese Tales (Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library)User Review - James Eckman - Goodreads
A collection of anecdotes, fairy tales and very short stories from early Japan. Some of them are extremely odd by modern standards, like the brief note about the noble who was about to ravage a maiden ... Read full review
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvi
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OAK MELON GOURD ANGEL FLEA 1 The Giant Oak
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abbot Amida answered ascetic asked awful began Bodhisattva Buddha Buddhist called Capital chanting cried dawn demon diviner door dragon dream emperor Emperor Daigo Emperor Uda empress Ennin eyes frightened Fujiwara gate gave gentleman girl gods Golden Peak gone governor guards Gyoja hair happened Harima province Hasedera head heard Heichu hell hermit holy horse Jakushin Japan Japanese Kannon Kasuga killed knew Kofukuji Konjaku Kyoto lady lived look Lotus Sutra master Michinori Miidera Mino province Miroku monk monk's monkey Mount Hiei mountain Myoe Nara never night Omi province once palace paradise province rice rite robe Saigyo Seimei servants shrine Sir Goi snake someone soon stay stories sure sword tears tell temple tengu thing thought told took Toshihito Toshiyuki tree village voice wanted wife woman wondered Yamato province young Zoga
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Anime Explosion!: The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation
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A new trailer is unleashed for Titanfall, blending live action with CG in an action packed military skirmish.
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Bells Palsy
I have run across several people who have had bells palsy and still have residual side effects mainly in the eye. (The virus harbors in the eye their entire lives.) Some have permanent facial paralysis. Doctors are baffled by this virus. They think that it is the Herpes Simplex Virus (same virus that gives you the chicken pox) but they are not 100 percent sure. The face goes into paralysis supposedly because a nerve in the side of the face gets infected. The eye is frozen open and the face goes into paralysis. Steriods and an anti-viral medicine is recommended but is not very effective. The meds are given for only a short period of time (usually a month or shorter). Sometimes recovery takes a year or longer. Sometimes there is no recovery at all. Sometimes only partial recovery. Many physicians say that there is nothing that they can do. After the initial meds, they tell you to wait it out and hope. Given that the cure is very bleak, I think that some alternative and/or herbal suggestions are worth trying. Women especially have a hard time dealing with a portion of their face being distorted by this problem. What herb or herbs may be effective? How would you prepare the herb? Tea? Raw? etc.
To add to this (and I can personally relate to the annoyance and worries associated with this syndrome), the great majority of people (85% or so) do recover completely in weeks to months. For some it takes even longer and there can be permanent problems. The steroids and antiviral meds (aimed at herpes simplex virus, the cold sore virus thought to cause most cases of Bell's*) might speed recovery in some patients, though this is controversial (and I don't think it made any difference for me). Longer-term problems that are serious quality of life issues (or complete paralysis that doesn't improve within several weeks) would be something to consult with a surgeon on to see if the benefits of surgery would outweigh the risks.
I have yet to hear of an herbal remedy.
Supplementation with B-complex vitamins (i.e. B12) is one suggestion for speeding nerve regrowth.
*There are other causes of facial nerve paralysis in a small number of instances, such as Lyme disease or even more rarely, a tumor.
The lack of sleep is due to a feeling that the electrolites in the brain are constantly active not working normally. The virus often prevents one from getting into a deep sleep and keeps the brain active most of the night. Of course, this symptom is not found in every case but it is often found in people who have long term effects or reoccurrences. A virus is a terrible thing to the human race. We are a smart people but the bugs are winning!! And as this virus continues to affect more and more people, the number of patients with long term effects increase!! Some research needs to be done for Bells Palsy (I know of none of any significance.)
Very Interesting information. It will take some time to read many of them. I did get 222 to come up and read 15. It is interesting that the nasal flu vaccine has been associated with the condition. Most everything I read seemed to be research papers about the treatment and condition. Suggestions were made as to a vaccination for herpes zoster and simplex one. But they are not sure what really causes the problem. And if you already have the virus it won't help that patient much. How do you kill the virus in the body, if it is the problem? Is there a research paper on that specific topic? I didn't see one. Thanks Eric for the website. I intend to use it for many other subjects.
We have been applying different aromatics(essential oils) topically as well as inhalents with great success. With a little investigation you will find a possible solution. Try looking into lavendar and tea tree. Just a suggestion.
acupuncture is super effective for bell's palsy, a family member used this treatment for it very successfully....while his doctor had little to offer him the acupuncture resolved the issue completely, it's never returned. that's been about 15 years ago now.
The natural history of Bell's palsy is for it to resolve and not recur, with or without treatment.
That happened in my case. I had mainstream drug treatment (which has not been convincingly shown to improve the disease course in most people, and which I do not credit for the improvement).
Scattered anecdotes aside, acupuncture doesn't have any better outcome against Bell's palsy. It has a decidedly mixed record in treating pain; in most situations acupuncture has been shown to be no better than placebo.
This post was edited by eric_oh on Sun, Apr 27, 14 at 10:40
I have nothing technical to offer in regards to treatments --- just my personal experience while witnessing a coworker that was stricken with this condition which has stolen her vitality and confidence as its paralysis effects continue to this day, 1.5 yrs later with half her face unable to move. My heart goes out to everyone that has had to endure its symptoms and recurring issues.
spreading bad information and discouraging folks away from treatments that have proven to be efficacious is irresponsible and violates a doctor's hippocratic oath.
doctors like eric_oh are the kind of advertising for holistic medicine that money just can't buy, muchas gracias eric!
and please have your co worker contact me here, there is no reason for her to continue to suffer needlessly, i'll gladly share the resources she needs. i look forward to connecting with her....unless you choose to block her healing by refusing to share helpful resources that is. somehow, i suspect you will come up with a reason not to but i am willing to withhold judgement and let your actions tell the tale.
This post was edited by kaliaman on Sun, Apr 27, 14 at 14:04
As someone who has suffered through this condition, I can easily understand the urge to do something that is claimed to help speed the healing process or reverse permanent nerve damage.
What I recommend people with this ailment do (before investing valuable time or money in any treatment) is to research it carefully first. The PubMed medical literature database and the Cochrane Reviews are good sources of information about both mainstream and alternative treatments. Other sites have overviews of diagnosis and treatment.
As I've previously mentioned, mainstream drug therapies are of dubious benefit for treating Bell's palsy; no value has been found for acupuncture in treating this ailment. This is a condition that (usually) gets better with time (as happened with me). Meantime, what may happen is that whatever useless drug/herb/treatment the person used falsely gets credit for the improvement. There unfortunately are limited options (i.e. surgery) which may or may not help with long-term nerve impairment. Acupuncture at this point would be throwing money down the drain.
Don't take my word for it - use those informative and trustworthy sources. Beware of those who have only anecdotes and personal attacks to offer.*
*Kali, what purpose is served by your pre-emptively deciding that another poster is likely to "block" a co-worker's healing by (heaven forbid) not taking your advice?
This post was edited by eric_oh on Sun, Apr 27, 14 at 22:12


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Simon Collins
Has the computer finally replaced the lawyer? Certainly not. While technology is playing an increasingly important role in discovery, it has not, and never will, replace the vitally important role of the lawyer.
Albert Barsocchini, NightOwl Discovery and Seth Eichenholtz, Swiss Re
Information Governance is the topic "du jour" in many circles of the electronic discovery world. Corporations and law firms are increasingly creating roles to address those needs and issues; yet defining Information Governance is not so simple. This white paper focuses on a specific aspect of Information Governance – the defensible disposition of data.
NightOwl is thrilled to sponsor Joe Looby's award-winning documentary The Decade of Discovery. http://t.co/2Lz57l9yg5@NightOwl
David Wallack, Esq
Increasing awareness and acceptance of technology-assisted review (TAR) in discovery—propelled most notably by Da Silva Moore v. Publicis Groupe, 287 F.R.D. 182, 186-87 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 24, 2012)—has unleashed a spirited debate focused on the degree to which the disclosure of TAR workflows/methods used in discovery is necessary or appropriate...
By Andrea Wallack and Adam Rubinger
In today's corporate environment, in-house legal teams are rapidly creating and allocating exponential amounts of information. While the fluidity with which they exchange ideas is essential, the records in which those ideas appear are becoming more complex. As organizations routinely share that data with outside support, i.e., a law firm or a legal vendor, or...
NightOwl Discovery helps companies in the most demanding industries reach their discovery management goals. Our tailored programs, technology and guidance complement and maximize existing investments in people, process and technology. We offer services spanning the EDRM spectrum and the entire case portfolio, including information lifecycle governance and data remediation. Here's what makes us different.
Instead of repeating what's been done for years, NightOwl challenges convention. Through a continuous process of trial and improvement, we design solutions that make discovery smarter, faster and more cost-effective year after year.
Taking the lead to make your world simpler.
Look to our industry veterans to help you clarify your options and choose the best path. We don't give you order-takers. Our seasoned techs and project managers know your projects intimately and are always ready to help—day or night, weekday or weekend.
Hands-on support and insight from people who know.
After two decades, we know to expect the unexpected. When complications arise, we cut through red tape and get tough situations unstuck. Because we aren't wedded to one technology or approach, we keep you flexible even as your situation changes.
Ready for your impossible challenges.
We love what we do, and we care about doing it right. NightOwl gets inside your world and becomes an extension of your company, offering a quality of service other partners can't. Everyone on our team knows your business and is empowered to support it.
We're in this together.
With a combined 50 years of leadership from across the litigation-support industry, we know this complex landscape better than anyone. We understand what works and what doesn't. We don't hide from problems or tough conversations. We embrace them.
Andrea Wallack
Andrea guides the company's high-level direction and growth as CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors. Under her oversight, NightOwl has become a nationally recognized leader in crafting customized discovery solutions. Andrea holds a BS in Biology from Washington and Lee University and completed post-graduate work at Harvard. Andrea is fluent in English, Spanish and French and is an avid photographer and skier in her free time.
Tom Palladino
Tom joined NightOwl in 2001 and led the effort to establish top-level electronic collection, processing, hosting and review services. An experienced strategic manager, Tom crafts NightOwl's discovery management programs and is responsible for discovery operations. Before joining NightOwl, Tom was a co-founder of Hire Quality, Inc., where he designed major service programs for Fortune 100 Companies including UPS, Verizon, and Bank of America. He holds a BA from Boston College and an MBA from the University of Minnesota.
Director of Managed Discovery
Adam Rubinger
Director of Managed Discovery
Adam leads NightOwl's managed services division, helping our clients achieve greater control over the discovery process at a lower cost. He has over 10 years of experience working alongside corporations and law firms on large-scale discovery and information governance projects. He has written numerous articles and leads continuing legal education programs dealing with discovery, computer forensics, IT and security.
Director of Strategic Consulting
Albert Barsocchini
Director of Strategic Consulting
Head of NightOwl's consulting group since 2012, Albert is an internationally recognized expert in the fields of privacy and protection, compliance, audit and corporate investigations. He has served on the Law Technology News editorial board, as chair of the California State Bar's Law Practice Management & Technology Section, and as a court appointed special master. He writes and lectures frequently on industry issues.
Director of Sales
Scott Sterkel
Director of Sales
A 20-year veteran in the sales, technology and legal fields, Scott leads our sales team to develop cost-effective solutions for managing document collections of all sizes. Prior to NightOwl, Scott served as a litigation paralegal, spent nine years in litigation support sales and management, and was National Sales Director at Quorum, a leader in digital disaster recovery. He holds a BA in Journalism/PR from Colorado State University.
Director of Business Solutions
Mara Thomas
Director of Business Solutions
Mara helps our partners put a spectrum of business services to work in their organizations, from document management to internal staffing. Through tailored programs that streamline processes and improve efficiency, her team helps companies and law firms achieve operational best practices at a much lower cost. Mara has over a decade of experience in legal services and is active in the Twin Cities legal community. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Business and an MA in Political Science from the University of Chicago.
Chief Financial Officer
Tony Copa
Chief Financial Officer
Tony brings a diverse background in corporate finance and public accounting to his role as CFO. He began his career as an auditor with KPMG and later served as VP of Finance at Roller Blade where he drove revenue growth from $3 million to $128 million in five years. Tony is a CPA and CMA and holds an MBA and Mini Masters in Electronic Commerce from the University of St. Thomas.
General Counsel & Dir of Managed Review
David Wallack
General Counsel & Dir of Managed Review
David joined NightOwl in 2012 to oversee discovery-related legal matters for the company's global clientele, from master service agreement negotiations to EU data privacy guidance. He also directs the company's contract attorney review services group. Previously, David was Associate General Counsel to a private institutional fund. He received his JD and MBA with honors from the University of Denver and is a frequent lecturer at the University of Minnesota Law School.
Director of EU Operations
Simon Collins
Simon leads our EU operations from our Dublin offices. He specialises in the provision of Discovery, Managed Review, Forensics, and Information Governance services. With over 10 years' experience in discovery and forensics, Simon has worked with leading global corporations and law firms to manage large-scale discovery projects, regulatory reviews, and investigations. Known as a thought leader, Simon led the production of a number of local and international industry standards, including the Good Practice Guide to eDiscovery in Ireland. He continually works with lawyers and Judges to raise awareness and craft policy.
We're a partner for all the pieces. NightOwl brings the full deck of discovery capabilities you'll need today and tomorrow, along with the best, most relevant technology and processes to help you make the most of it.
When you're ready to be proactive about discovery, NightOwl helps you take down more birds with fewer stones. Let us create a managed program that unites the end-to-end discovery services you need at a lower overall cost. By trusting us with your program at every stage, your world gets simpler, from communication to billing.
Connect with our Discovery Management group »
Learn more about NightOwl Discovery Management »
What's your discovery outlook? Our veteran consultants help you see your options and the obstacles clearly. From identifying potential sources of ESI to deploying the right technology, NightOwl experts bring smart, systematic approaches and a range of strategies for putting a robust and defensible process in place.
Learn more about NightOwl Strategic Consulting »
With a dedicated team of experienced attorneys you can rely on matter after matter, NightOwl makes review more accurate and cost-effective. Whether you need our services for litigation, pre-litigation or compliance matters, our project leaders handle the details while giving you full control and visibility into the process.
Learn more about NightOwl Review Management »
As data and document archives grow unchecked, so do risks to your company—legal, regulatory and financial. NightOwl brings proven systems and controls to govern information company-wide, from advanced analytics to help codify massive archives to issuing retention and disposition plans. Our experts help you minimize the cost of data storage and e-discovery and reduce the threat of "gotcha" documents.
Overcome the costs and complexity posed by your discoverable documents with analytics and predictive coding support from NightOwl. Our statisticians and analytics experts craft defensible workflows using the industry's most trusted platforms and proven techniques. We help you quickly zero in on what's relevant and evaluate risks and costs, so you're ready to make informed decisions.
Your records are an important business asset, as well as a potential risk. NightOwl actively manages essential documents and media for clients organization-wide, from creation to destruction. Let us make your processes more secure and complete while freeing up your resources for more valuable use.
Learn more about NightOwl Business Solutions »
Our client faced a daunting challenge: collecting a huge complex of data from disparate systems and 25 custodians in 10 countries. NightOwl accomplished the feat in 7 days, then went on to cull the reviewable records from over a million to fewer than 150,000 items—faster and more cost-effectively than anyone thought possible.Read more >
When a company dealing with multiple matters and a massive volume of data came to NightOwl, we sprang into action. Our experts cut 4TBs down to 250GB in just three days and provided the first-pass review with equal efficiency. Rather than re-collect and re-review as more cases arose, we reused all the assets, saving them hundreds of thousands of dollars in one year.Read more >
For a large company saddled with multiple discovery vendors and high costs, NightOwl vastly simplified the equation. Through a customized program of managed services, we helped them consolidate data from three platforms to one, streamlining their processes and reducing their spend by $100,000 each month.Read more >
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