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Wintergreen Resort
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Charlottesville - THomas Jefferson Country
... became the seed of the Library of Congress collection. Jefferson was not much on an inventor but was what would now be called an early-adapter, acquiring and incorporating cutting-edge gadgetry he came across into his home. Jefferson would fit right into modern America in other ways than his love of technology; he lived well beyond his means and left a large debt at his death.
I've read some evaluations of Jefferson's presidency by ...
The Shenandoah Valley - Virginia's Bucolic West
... in the Rocky Mountains and traveled around the world, including the Andes and Himalaya Ranges in the last two years, the Appalachians just seem like hills. They're still pretty, but breathtaking has long not been a word I can use to describe them. I can still say "aaah", though.
There were a few minor sights in the valley I wanted to stop to see while the weather was still leaving some to be desired before driving the Skyline Drive on the forecast sunny day. ...
... and Peadiatric patients. It was particularly interesting to learn about an adult ALS patient who switched from commercial feed to blended diet and the improvements that the dietitian observed and the patient reported. Not all paediatric patients can tell us how they are feeling, perhaps we should look to the adult population for feedback. I was asked about 'socialised healthcare' some people seem to have a perception that social health care systems ...
The Blue Ridge Mountains
Since Wednesday, we have been staying in a "condo" in Wintergreen Resort, high in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia. This is part of a home exchange with a family who stayed in our place earlier in the year. The resort has a tennis ranch, a couple of golf courses ( a summer one in the mountains and 48 holes (?) in the valley where you can play year round) an aquatic centre with indoor and outdoor pools, a ...
Trzesienie ziemi, huragan i niedzwiedzie!
Znowu nie udalo mi sie na biezaco niczego napisac i teraz probuje sobie co nieco przypomniec co robilam przez te ostatnie tygodnie. Zostalo mi tylko 2 tygodnie w Wintergreen. Ostatnio troche tesknie za domem i za Wami, moze dlatego, ze powoli ludzie wyjezdzaja i koncza sie wakacje- dzisiaj wyjechala moja wspollokatorka z pokoju; i tak przez nastepny tydzien beda ludzie. wybywac. No ale w koncu nic nie trwa wiecznie. Wracajac do tych ostatnich tygodni..
1. Moje pierwsze ...


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Windshifts: Passing the Torchby Charles Scott, Posted June 14, 2012
My dad came from a long line of sailors and seafarers, but he didn't start boating himself until he was nearly 50. I was 12 years old when he bought a 14ft Rhodes Bantam. Together, with some trials and errors, we set about learning to sail it.
Seventh Heaven on the Jersey Shoreby David W. Shaw, Posted June 14, 2012
Few places in Barnegat Bay are off the beaten track, but sometimes you can find a nook that is less well traveled. For instance, check out Silver Bay, in New Jersey's Toms River Township.
Digital Tracking Systemsby Ralph Naranjo, Posted June 13, 2012
Some might say that seamanship has been sidelined by technology, with safety and security more dependent on button pushing than sail changing. There may be some truth to this. But at the same time, there's no question that today's technology does fill some very real needs.
A Long Honeymoon to Europeby Andy Schell, Posted June 13, 2012
The three of us were still in foulies. We settled into the cockpit, the first time we could truly sit down and relax together in 23 days. Somehow we made the anchorage before dark, but only just. Since we had first sighted land some 50 miles off, at exactly noon, we had been racing the sunset.
NMEA 2000 and The Future of Onboard Networksby Clark Beek, Posted June 13, 2012
Back in the day, each electronics unit aboard your boat did what it did, and never the twain did meet. Your depthsounder told you the depth, your radar showed what was around, your GPS told where you were, and so on. Today, of course, most electronics can be connected to onboard networks.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Gamestar Mechanic for Dummies by Cordeiro buy used Used & Rare price $7.03 new from$23.75 shop with confidence SPECIAL SHIPPING CONSIDERATIONS FOR USED & RARE ITEMS. Please see the special considerations for shipping Used & Rare items, including extended delivery times, possible import duties & taxes. Delivered in 3-5 weeks Format: PAPERBACK Publisher: For Dummies Condition: The following ISBNs are associated with this title: ISBN - 10:1118832124 ISBN - 13:9781118832127 Seller Comments: 1118832124 Good title in good condition. Pages are clean and tight. Covers have light shelf wear. Satisfaction guaranteed. If item not as described, return for refund of purchase price. From the Publisher Level up from gamer to creator with Gamestar MechanicDo you think you can design the ultimate video game? It''s more than just flashy effects and cool graphics. Gamestar Mechanic helps you build the skills you need to become a master designer. Go on Quests, collect your Sprites and design your very own game that you can publish instantly and receive feedback from other users. You can also take an online game design course where an expert instructor is right there to help you. Gamestar Mechanic For Dummies will show you how to get the most out of the site and build your very best game. Author Jacob Cordeiro, author of Minecraft For Dummies and a former Gamestar Mechanic teacher, shows you all the tips and tricks and teaches you the principles behind your design.Go through all of the phases of game designPlan, design and build your own video gameTake a more active role in your gamingShare your game with others and get feedbackLearn the principles of good game designGamestar Mechanic offers an online community for collaboration, support and sharing, and makes learning valuable skills feel like gameplay. Gamestar Mechanic For Dummies will help you get the most out of your game creation experience.


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Fort Worth Democrat and political rising star Wendy Davis talks to conference days before announcement, possibly to run for Texas Governor.
Perry: federal health care law has failed but he doesn't want to shut down the government to stop it.
Lawmakers given free Cowboys and college football tickets.
Embattled Dallas DA Watkins draws 2014 Republican challenger.
Early voting in person begins Monday for the May 11 elections. Citizens have until May 7 to vote early.
One state bill under consideration seeks to impose a two-term limit.
Gov. Rick Perry is delivering the keynote address at an annual policy orientation organized by a leading state conservative think tank.
Tea party favorite Ted Cruz will be sworn in Thursday as the first Hispanic to represent Texas in the U.S. Senate.
Gov. Rick Perry is to speak at a North Texas tea party event Monday, trying to shore up that base as he mulls another run for governor and possibly a second presidential run.
Texas Lt. Gov. David Dewhurst is scheduled to discuss higher education in Fort Worth and how the state's universities may be affected in the 2013 legislative session.


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Pronunciation: 四季八節
Added on: 2013-01-03 Listened: 0 timesin: 溫州話
Pronunciation in Wu chinese [wuu]
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四季八節 = Four season VIII
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Give a little… Save a lot!!
The Rockville Concert Band is a proud partner with Rockville Rewards.
Click here for more information.
Sunday, March 15 - 3:00 pm
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An American Collage
Enjoy an evening of dining & dancing on the Chesapeake Bay with the Rockville Swing Band at the Chesapeake Beach Resort & Spa on Saturday, February 14. Click here for more information.


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Disney on Ice Family 4 Pack & Tea Party<@Work Network
Win a family 4 pack of tickets to see Disney on Ice at the Budweiser Events Center on Thursday, March 28th at 7 PM. The winner of this contest will also receive an invite to a tea party and special showing of Alice in Wonderland before the show including tea and snacks! You can see more details on the show itself or buy ticket on the official event page. Use your points as many times as you would like to enter this contest, which will end on March 26th at 4PM.
Please note that winners will be contacted using the phone number provided in their account profile. Please ensure that you have provided us with a phone number by selecting "Edit Profile" in the "Your Profile" section on the right hand side of this page. If we draw your name and no phone number is provided, we will have to select an alternate winner.


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: Isis Celestial Music Videos
Artists, Albums, Songs and Music Videos
Glitter Graphics
Photo Captions
MSN Nicknames
MySpace Smileys
Away Messages
101 Insults
ISIS - Celestial - 2000 (Full Album)
Isis - Celestial - 02 - Celestial (The Tower)
ISIS - Celestial (The Tower)
http://www.isistheband.com/ Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/TheHexMusic.
Isis - Oceanic Full Album (High Quality)
Oceanic (2002) is the second studio album of the american post-metal band Isis (LA, California). The
ISIS Celestial 08.26.2001 from "Clearing The Eye" DVD
ISIS live at CBGB's 2001from the ISIS - Clearing The Eye DVD.
ISIS - Celestial (The Tower) - Michigan - 2002
Bit out of sync, but enjoy! http://www.bloodsweatvinyl.com/ For more info on the upcoming documentar
ISIS -Celestial (the tower) Part.1 "Live High Definition Movie"
ISIS -Celestial (the tower) Part.1 "Live High Definition Movie"
Isis - Celestial (The Tower)
From Kilbi festival 2007.
Isis - Celestial - 06 - Deconstructing Towers
ISIS - Celestial (The Tower)(guitar cover)
Here's me playing Aaron Turner's parts of "Celestial (The Tower)" from ISIS' album Celestial. This o
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Dana Blankenhorn | December 10, 2001 | Comments
Creativity, context, and relevance in online advertising -- are they falling victim to the surge in email marketing?
Despite impressive growth for e-commerce, the Web ad slump continues and keeps claiming new victims.
Meanwhile, I'm getting a lot more spam and what I call "semi-spam," email sent by direct marketers I may have bought from once, but to whom I never gave permission to send offers.
What's most interesting, in perusing my spam folder, is how many of these companies once bought ads on the Web but no longer do.
Companies such as Hershey.com, Amazon.com, Half.com, Best Buy, PeeperSleepers, Williams-Sonoma, and Toys "R" Us (just to name those in my spam folder who violated my own personal Terms of Service) were once big buyers of Web ads.
After finding prospects, they stopped. Amazon in particular now seems to restrict ad buys to little buttons on a few major sites and to its affiliates program. It builds the site and blasts "personalized" email to everyone who ever bought something.
These folks basically did what we told them to do. They're benefiting through the recession by maintaining relationships with past customers at a low cost. Click-throughs on semi-spam, while poor, are still not bad. The cost-benefit analysis must look good, otherwise why do it?
As a result, both the quality and creativity of most Web ads have become uneven.
State Farm ran some clever stuff on Weather.com recently, "flooding" screens for 15 seconds before the message ebbed into a banner. When the campaign ended, Weather.com wound up with a Casino-on-Net pop-under.
The Web ad market has become bifurcated. The quality of direct marketing offers declined just as they became more important to your bottom line. No wonder MSNBC.com recently was forced to lay off 9 percent of its staff.
People who sell Web ads need a new game plan.
Stop selling ads as a way to build lists. Web ad buyers should have the same goal as those who buy media on TV, radio, or print: brand building.
Identify yourself with quality, and your name will resonate with consumers when they're considering your product category. That's why and how brands appear in ads in every medium.
This requires change and risk.
For advertisers, it means identifying online media that can demonstrate that they reach your target market. This could be a lifestyle or an industry -- whatever it is, demand proof from the publisher: audited numbers, market share, basically the same stuff you'd demand from any other media outlet.
For Web sites, this means not only performing an audit but also protecting your "environment" and rejecting advertisers who don't fit into your site's context or meet your readers' needs. You're the readers' advocate, their hero, their friend -- act like it.
Use the results of your audit to determine your brand targets. Get after them like Marines on a terrorist cell. Focus on sponsorships and creative brand building. Work with their agencies when you can.
The Web is all about relationships. Build some. Make it your New Year's Resolution for 2002.
Want to learn more?
Attend ClickZ Live New York March 30 - April 1. With over 15 years' experience delivering industry-leading events, ClickZ Live brings together over 60 expert speakers to offer an action-packed, educationally-focused agenda covering all aspects of digital marketing. Register today!
Dana Blankenhorn has been a business reporter for more than 20 years. He has written parts of five books and currently contributes to Advertising Age, Business Marketing, NetMarketing, the Chicago Tribune, Boardwatch, CLEC Magazine, and other publications. His own newsletter, A-Clue.Com, is published weekly.
Mar 30-Apr 1, 2015
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Hong Kong, May 5-6, 2015
A Buyer's Guide to Affiliate Management Software
Manage your performance marketing with the right solution. Choose a platform that will mutually empower advertisers and media partners!
Google My Business Listings Demystified
To help brands control how they appear online, Google has developed a new offering: Google My Business Locations. This whitepaper helps marketers understand how to use this powerful new tool.
May 6, 2015
12:00pm ET/9:00am PT


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Top Linksmain detailsbiographyby votesphoto galleryquotes
Filmographiesby yearby typeby ratingsby votesby TV seriesby genreby keyword
Did You Know?photo galleryquotes
Zazu (Character)
from The Lion King (1994)
|Photos (See all 7 | slideshow)
|Related Videos (see all 11)
FilmographyEdit Credits
- "The Lion Guard" (2015) TV series Played by Michael Gough
- The Lion King 1 1/2 (2004) (V) Played by Edward Hibbert
... aka "The Lion King 1½" - Australia (original title)
... aka "The Lion King 3" - Australia (DVD title), Canada (English title) (imdb display title)
- The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride (1998) (V) Played by Edward Hibbert
... aka "The Lion King II: Simba's Pride" - USA (original title)
- "Timon & Pumbaa"
... aka "The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa" - USA (complete title)
- Once Upon a Timon (1996) TV episode, Played by Michael Gough
- I Think I Canada/Zazu's Off Day Off (1996) TV episode, Played by Michael Gough
- Wide Awake in Wonderland/Zazu's Off-By-One Day (1996) TV episode, Played by Michael Gough
- The Lion King (1994) Played by Rowan Atkinson
... aka "The Lion King 3D" - USA (3-D version)
... aka "Lion King" - Japan (English title)
- The Lion King: Timon and Pumbaa's Jungle Games (1995) (VG) Played by Jim Piddock
... aka "Disney's the Lion King: Timon and Pumbaa's Jungle Games" - USA (complete title)
- Animated StoryBook: The Lion King (1994) (VG) Played by Rowan Atkinson
... aka "Disney's Animated StoryBook: The Lion King" - USA (complete title)
Archive Footage:
- "That Fellow in the Coat"
- The Top 11 Greatest Disney Songs (2008) TV episode, Played by Rowan Atkinson
- Mickey's PhilharMagic (2003) Played by Rowan Atkinson
- Disney Sing-Along-Songs: Circle of Life (1994) (V) Played by Rowan Atkinson
Additional Details
Plot Keywords:
Fun Stuff
Zazu: As the king's brother *you* should have been first in line.
Mufasa: Well I was first in line. Until the little hairball was born.
Mufasa: That hairball is my son and you're future king.
Scar: [Begins walking away] Oh, I shall practice my curtsey
Mufasa: Don't turn your back on me, Scar.
Scar: Oh, no Mufasa. Perhaps *you* shouldn't turn your back on *me*
Mufasa: [Roars angrily and runs in front of Scar's path] Is that a challenge?
Scar: Temper temper. I wouldn't dream of challenging you.
Zazu: Pity. Why not?
Scar: Well as far as brains go I got the lion's share but when it comes to brute strength. I'm afraid I'm at the shallow end of the gene pool
See more »
You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process.


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- Beach,
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Pretty Young Woman On The Beach Stock PhotoBeach,Only Women,Sea,Walking,30-34 Years,Looking At Camera,Mid Adult,Portrait,Wave,Wet Hair,Adult,Adults Only,Beautiful Woman,Bikini Top,Brown Hair,Catalonia,Color Image,Day,Front View,Horizontal,Laughing,Leisure Activity,Lifestyles,On The Move,One Mid Adult Woman Only,One Person,One Woman Only,Outdoors,People,Photography,Salou,Spanish and Portuguese Ethnicity,Sunglasses,Three Quarter LengthPhotographer Rafael EliasCollection: Moment copyright 2011 Rafael EliasNatural portrait of beautiful young woman coming out of the water after swimming in the sea.


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The winter 2015 print edition is in stores now. Special report on the persistence of segregation in local public schools. Plus: 24-page insert commemorating the now shuttered weekly San Francisco Bay Guardian, produced by the newspaper's former staff.
Buy a copy for $1 at these retail locations. | Become a member to receive the next four issues of the Public Press plus additional member benefits. | Request home delivery for single copies or a basic subscription.
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- Tam
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- San Francisco
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Ruth Tam is a senior at Tufts University studying English, Communications & Media Studies and Studio Art. She has contributed to the Tufts Observer, Dig Boston, Thought Catalog and Nerve.
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- San Francisco activists wary of U.N. climate reunion in Rio
- The foggy future of City College
- At stake if City College closes: a career, job security, a U.S. visa, family pride
- Faces of City College
- Immigrants, a foster kid and a displaced worker rise to leadership at City College
- Different Person, Different Life: A Survivor's Account of Domestic Violence in San Francisco
- Countdown to accreditation: City College makes changes despite criticism
- Mirkarimi Case Brought Spotlight to Domestic Violence in San Francisco
- Oakland Zoo removes Ten Commandments monument before atheist group protest
- Community college chancellor's advice for City College met with lukewarm reception
- Q&A: The Role That Culture Plays in the Response to Domestic Violence


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I want to be able to pull in the error log from BIOS across a network. Looking at Win32_BIOS in MSDN I did not see anything defining the error log. Would love to do this in C# with WMI, but am open to suggestions. Is it possible?
Win32_BIOS does not have a property (don't know if that is the right term) that contains the BIOS error log. Is there a library, API, etc. that I can use to pull this information locally or from the network?


text:
StartUpHire is the place to find Software Sales and Marketing Associate jobs. Review the list of Software Sales and Marketing Associate career opportunities to the left. These Software Sales and Marketing Associate jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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ID 2015-1039 # of Openings 1 Location FirstFuel Posted Date 2/27/2015 Category Marketing More information about this job: Overview: FirstFuel is looking for an ambitious and highly talented individual to join the Marketing & Strategy group. The Marketing Associate will focus3/10/2015 Lexington, MA Save This Job
Location: Palo Alto, CA, United StatesApply Marketing Associate Summer Intern ABOUT JIVE SOFTWARE Jive Software is the leading provider of modern communication and collaboration solutions for business. Our products empower people and organizations to work better together,2/14/2015 Palo Alto, CA Save This Job
Department:Business Development Location:New York, NY APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS Please email your resume in .doc, .docx, .pdf, .txt, .rtf, .html, or .ascii format to the address below. If you wish to enclose a cover letter, please include it in the body of your email2/11/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
Software Sales and Marketing Associate is an entry level position, individual will be involved in all aspects of software marketing and the sales cycle. It provides an opportunity to work with a wide range of industries and markets and to gain practical skills in software sales2/2/2015 Houston, TX Save This Job
TubeMogul seeks a Sr. Product Marketing Associate to help grow awareness and adoption of its products, solutions and services among existing customers and prospects. The Sr. PMA will help manage execution of go-to-market strategies across TubeMogul products and partner solutions.2/1/2015 Emeryville, CA Save This Job
Description About Us: Market Force has been recognized as a ?Cool Vendor of the Year? by Gartner Group, a top private company by Colorado Business Magazine, ranked #21 on the Honomichl List and one of the country?s fastest growing companies by the Inc 5005000. Market Force is2/10/2015 Norcross, GA Save This Job
The Inside Sales Associate shall have responsibility representing and supporting Dorado's ? Cruz line of solutions as an OEM solution to OEMs globally. Dorado Software (http://doradosoftware.com) is a leading provider of Service Provider Operational Support Systems (OSS)2/20/2015 Folsom, CA Save This Job
SOA Software is currently looking for an Inside Sales Associate to partner with the Direct Sales Team to build out a territory and generate interest in our products and services. The Inside Sales Associate is responsible for driving the day-to-day prospecting and lead generation2/1/2015 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job
You're early in your career with a technical degree and can speak intelligently about cyber-attacks and malware. In addition to your technical know-how and security fixation, you're also a captivating presenter with sales DNA who is now ready2/18/2015 Waltham, MA Save This Job
The Associate Customer Success Manager (CSM) is responsible for ensuring the overall success of a portfolio of small-to-medium sized accounts with Bit9 and Carbon Black products. As a member of the Sales Customer Success team, the Associate CSM's pr3/18/2015 Waltham, MA Save This Job
Tracking Code 24-093 Job Description We are seeking a talented and highly motivated individual to join our team as a Clinical Research Associate.This position will report directly to the Vice President, Clinical, Regulatory & Quality Assurance. Responsibilities: Responsible1/24/2015 Lexington, MA Save This Job
Back to top We need someone who can help Maxwell Health thrive and grow by jumping into the fray and helping to nurture and grow our relationships with carriers. The sales executive role may be based in our Boston, MA or New York, NY offices, or remotely anywhere in the country.2/25/2015 Boston, MA Save This Job
Join our award-winning sales team! The ZoomInfo Sales Team are finalists for the Stevie Awards ?Sales Department of the Year? category! ZoomInfo is looking for an entry-level Inbound Sales Qualifying Associate to join the Inbound Qualifying Team. Do you know in your heart that1/27/2015 Waltham, MA Save This Job
Negotiable Basic Function: The Associate Sales Engineer?Solutions & Key Accounts will provide support with ongoing sales cycles through development of demos and presentations for field Sales Engineers. The Associate Sales Engineer (S&KA) will act in an apprentice capacity,3/18/2015 Reston, VA Save This Job
(ASSOCIATE) PRODUCT MANAGER - CONNECTORSThe MuleSoft Products team is looking for a motivated individual to drive and own the MuleSoft Connectors Product line. Connectors are integral to the robust integration solutions MuleSoft provides for connecting applications, data and1/28/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Outbrain is seeking an energetic, customer- and content-obsessed Sales Associate for our New York office. The role involves building a new team in Outbrain, responsible for growing existing accounts. The Sales Associate will be responsible for strategically identifying clients3/10/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
About Motive: Motive Interactive was recently named #3 on the Top 25 Mobile Ad Networks in the word, following Google and Twitter! Come join a team with an amazing future. Motive is seeking creative, driven, and out of the box thinkers to join our growing team in San Diego,3/26/2015 San Diego, CA Save This Job
Description: The HelloWallet Community team is growing, specifically with ensuring the success of our customers. That?s why we?re looking for a new Customer Success Associate. The role begins with learning the complete mix of how all departments of HelloWallet work to drive our3/9/2015 Washington, DC Save This Job
Associate Product Manager, Data & Optimization San Francisco APPLY Do you have a well-rounded analytical background, interest in hard big data and data science problems, and a desire to spearhead products influencing hundreds of millions of internet users? RadiumOne?s Data &2/22/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Location:Los Angeles, California DESCRIPTION Associate Vice President The Associate Vice President oversees all sales of ScaleFunder services for an assigned portfolio of prospects. ESSENTIAL DUTIES/RESPONSIBILITIES: (not limited to) ? Manage day to day sales2/22/2015 Los Angeles, CA Save This Job


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Caldonia Richardson Bland
Services for Caldonia Richardson Bland, 86, of Tunica will be held at 11 a.m. on Saturday, July 5, 2014, at Scotts Chapel M.B. Church, 2588 Fish Lake Rd. in Tunica, with burial following in Longtown Cemetery. Pastor Rodney Hibbler will officiate at the services.
Mrs. Bland, a homemaker, died June 28 at her home. She was born July 6, 1927, in Squirrel Lake, MS, to Mitchell and Lucreacy Richardson. She attended Squirrel Lake Community School and Coahoma Community College. She was a member of Community of Faith church in Memphis, TN.
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B***h Stole My Look
She is trying to be just like his ex-wife LOL! ... well maybe more updated ...
I dunno, i liked Emma when she was walking around in her underwear. Seemed more like her, in everybodys face, and thats what i like about her.
What do you guys think?
Hahaha true true!
- Forum Posts: 17338
- Wiki Points: 267669
- Followed by: 89988
- Reviews: 15 Lists: 22
More like they both had scandalous small outfits and they were toned down in similar ways to make them more suitable for a younger audience.
- Forum Posts: 672
- Wiki Points: 7762
- Followed by: 86
- Reviews: 7 Lists: 9
Anyways they are both great. Better than Jean at least. =)
Emma is the type of character I think looks sexier the more covered up she is. Her personality and mannerisms ooze sexual appeal, generally, so is dressing in one tone of color. Maddy works scantly clad, because she is meant to and invoke the image of Jean, but shock us, because she is a warped, angrier, wraith like and more liberal version of Jean. Jean though a twisted mirror.
You are a member of perverts Anonymous ? I didnt see you at the last meeting :P
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text: I live maybe one hundred feet from the Hub, a distance easily walked even in this winter of relentless ice and snow. So I walk it often, mostly for lunch. There are several excellent sandwich places in the City; the Hub is, without doubt, among the best and, quite possibly, is the best. The... read more


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U.S. wants Ukraine to remain unified, cautions Russia
KIEV —Ukraine's interim leadership pledged to put the country back on course for European integration now Moscow-backed Viktor Yanukovich had been ousted from the presidency, while the United States warned Russia against sending in its forces.
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Junior Member
Hey whats up guys I just wanted to show a Teemo sculpture I did in class this week. Its made complacently out of Plaster, and since this being my first time using it I wasn't to sure
on how it would come out. Took me about 8 hrs, but I wish i could have taken more time. I am probably better at art than playing the game.
Oh yea! instead of the blue poof I made it a mushroom. Tell me your thoughts.
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If it has wheels, you can race it. Mike Haag keeps you up to speed on the racing scene in and around South Texas in his Motorsports blog.
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Robert Hight aiming for fifth straight NHRA Funny Car victory
BAYTOWN – NHRA Funny Car driver Robert Hight will attempt to win his fifth straight victory at today's 25th annual NHRA O'Reilly Auto Parts Spring Nationals at Royal Purple Raceway. The 42-year old drag racer and driver of the AAA Ford Mustang is on a roll this season on the NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing […] [Read More]
Cruz Pedregon grabs No. 1 qualifying position for NHRA O'Reilly Auto Parts Spring Nationals
BAYTOWN – Cruz Pedregon will start Sunday's 25th annual O'Reilly Auto Parts NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries Nitro Funny Car race at Royal Purple Raceway from the No. 1 position. Pedregon, who drives the Snap-on Tools Toyota Camary, was able to hold on to his Friday pass of 4.103 at 305.29 mph […] [Read More]
Friday's NHRA O'Reilly Auto Parts Spring Nationals qualifying results
BAYTOWN – Friday's results after the first two of four rounds of qualifying for the 25th annual O'Reilly NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries at Royal Purple Raceway, sixth of 23 events in the NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing Series. Qualifying will continue Saturday for Sunday's final eliminations. Top Fuel — 1. Morgan […] [Read More]
Spencer Massey is dominating the NHRA Top Fuel circuit
BAYTOWN – NHRA Top Fuel drag racer Spencer Massey has his sight on one thing this season – the NHRA Full Throttle Drag Racing Series championship. The 29-year old drag racer from Fort Worth returns to Texas this weekend in his Fram/Prestone Top Fuel dragster and he will be aiming for this third straight victory […] [Read More]
I-37 Raceway, Thunderhill Raceway return to action on Saturday night
After a short break from racing, both I-37 Raceway and Thunderhill Raceway will resume their racing season on Saturday night. The dirt-slinging stock cars at I-37 Raceway will return with a full race card that will include the IMCA Modifieds, IMCA Southern SportMods, Limited Late Models, Street Stocks, Pure Stocks, Frontrunners, Enduros and the go-karts. […] [Read More]
Erica Enders ready to make NHRA history this weekend at Houston's Royal Purple Raceway
If all goes as planned, NHRA Pro Stock driver Erica Enders could become the first woman in NHRA history to earn her first career Pro Stock victory at Royal Purple Raceway in Baytown. Enders, who is a native of Houston, will be competing in her GK Motorsports Chevrolet Cobalt at this weekend's NHRA O'Reilly Auto […] [Read More]
Pro Bracket Series returns to San Antonio Raceway on Saturday night
The IHRA Summit Racing Equipment Super Series Pro Bracket Series cars will return to San Antonio Raceway on Saturday night. The race card begins at 2 p.m. with time trials and will feature the Electronics, Footbrake and Junior Dragster classes. The race will mark the third points race of the 2012 season. In addition, SAR […] [Read More]
Texas Motor Speedway to host No Limits Half Marathon, 5K races
FORT WORTH — Texas Motor Speedway officials have announced that the track will play host to the first-ever "No Limits" Half Marathon and 5K running events on Saturday, Oct. 27, 2012. TMS formed a partnership with Cowtown Marathon, Inc., and the event will be held to benefit Speedway Charities-Texas Chapter. "This is a concept we've […] [Read More]
NASCAR launches patriotic initiative to celebrate America, support U.S. military families
FORT WORTH — In an effort to support U.S. military families, NASCAR has launched "NASCAR Unites – An American Salute," a patriotic initiative involving the NASCAR community and the fans. Officials said the program will be centered around the Sprint Cup race weekends that will be held in Charlotte on Memorial Day Weekend and at […] [Read More]
Greg Biffle wins Samsung Mobile 500 NASCAR race at Texas Motor Speedway
FORT WORTH – NASCAR Sprint Cup Series points leader Greg Biffle scored his first victory of the 2012 season by winning the Samsung Mobile 500 on Saturday night before a crowd of 159,200 at Texas Motor Speedway. With the victory, Biffle snaps a 49-race winless streak, which dates back to October 3, 2010, where he […] [Read More]
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In a talk to patients in London on 3rd September, Dr. W. Ian Lipkin described the extraordinary lengths he and his team are prepared to go to in order to track down the source of an illness, with examples ranging from autism to the strange case of Kawasaki disease.
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Cause of Death among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Discussion in 'Latest ME/CFS Research' started by oerganix, Jan 11, 2010.
Page 2 of 3
Page 2 of 3


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Nevertheless, when it came to territory, the Egyptians had always coveted Nubian lands--and longed to cash in on the profitable Meroe trade networks that existed for ivory, gold, copper, jewelry, animal skins, elephants, and exotic woods. The new wave of Roman intruders had equally greedy eyes. Amanirenas, who'd recently lost her kingly husband but treasured her offspring, had no intention of letting Egyptians, Romans, or anyone else snatch an inch of territory. Let alone steal Meroe's most important trade secret: the smelting of iron ore at carefully guarded sites to make armaments and swords. (Stunning factoid: the ancient Egyptians never did learn how to smelt iron. They did all of their magnificent building using stone tools and copper finishing implements.)
What was the secret of the Nubian pyramids?
Nubians constructed their pyramids using an ingenious method quite unlike that of Egypt. Counter-balanced by manpower on one side, local workers used a simple crane called a shadouf to lift the heavy blocks into place. That is why their pyramids have steeper angles and are smaller in area than Egyptian pyramids. Farmers in The Sudan and Egypt still make frequent use of shadouf cranes. Instead of erecting pyramids to royalty, however, their devices hoist water from canals into irrigation ditches.
Meroe pyramids remained undamaged until the 1800s, when greedy men broke open their tops, seeking gold.
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Another upsetting factoid: the sleek, sturdy Meroitic pyramids originally had pointed tops, just as the Egyptian ones did. What happened? In 1834, this remote region had the bad luck to be found by a crazed treasure hunter. He stumbled around, bashing into ruins at random, and pried off the top of a least one pyramid, searching for treasure. He discovered a few pieces of gold jewelry belonging to one of the Kandake queens, although experts seriously doubt that it was hidden in the solid rocky top of a Meroe pyramid. After the news of his golden find spread throughout Europe, it motivated other unscrupulous types to ravage Nubia and decapitate their graceful pyramids one by one, in futile searches for treasure.
The untold story that connects all the dots.
If you've ever visited New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art, you may have walked through the magnificent exhibit called the Temple of Dendur. Although petite, it's a genuine relic, over 2000 years old. Covered with hieroglyphs, it gives off that wonderful, slightly spooky vibe that all monuments Egyptian seem to have.
The Temple of Dendur was given to the US as a thank-you from the Egyptians. Prior to opening the Aswan Dam, they asked for American financial help to relocate some of their monuments to higher ground. Despite being an Egyptian gift, the Temple of Dendur has a fascinating, Meroitic-Egyptian story that dates to Queen Amanirena's day in the first century B.C.
This enchanting temple and its hieroglyphs honor Nubians, Egyptians, and Romans.
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This graceful sandstone temple once sat near the Nile River at Dendur. Its original purpose? To serve as a potent symbol of the showdown between the all-powerful Roman Empire and Amanirenas, the battle-savvy queen and ruler of Meroe.
Built in 15 B.C., it was commissioned by Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus after his summit meeting with Kandake Amanirenas and her entourage. As part of their agreement, the Emperor agreed to erect this miniature home of the gods to honor the two sons of a locally famous Nubian leader. The boys Pahor and Pedese had drowned in the Nile and, following traditional Egyptian-Meroitic custom, had been deified. On the temple's walls, Caesar Augustus himself is also depicted, worshipping these local deities. During the lifetimes of Amanirenas and Octavian, yearly rituals were celebrated in the emperor's name to honor the brothers. Visitors to the Temple of Dendur can still see the hieroglyphs that refer to the Emperor as "pharaoh" and as "Caesar."


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Quality Inn
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Travel Blogs from Elgin
Roads, Pizza, and Kyuki-do family
Good coffee. The hotel failed to have any so we determined to find some before getting on the road again. One Starbucks stop later, the adults fully caffeinated and the young ones engaged in their books on tape, we set off to stare at miles of pavement. But instead of concrete and steel, framing much of the road were trees that just beginning to …
... about the 2 thieves on either side of Jesus depicting the 2 responses to Jesus ie one self righteous and not seeing his need for a saviour. The other realising his sin and need thus humbling himself before Christ. So good. People responded to the Gospel! Resurrection Sunday was celebration service! Why reserve your enthusiasm for your favourite sports team when we know Jesus is alive and conqueror of sin and death??!!! People also responded to the Gospel. We were invited back to ...
Night 28: Ruby Slippers
... Zoo.) StL Zoo is more than a zoo. It is a garden and a beautiful place to watch time float by. But how much time would there be if I was leaving KC at lunchtime?
We loaded up on local junk food in Kansas Coty. I got a Winstead's double steakburger with a side of 50/50 (half fries, half onion rings.) it was even more satisfying since they were closed last night. Seems KC has a different idea about what "late night" means than we Chicagoans. The burgers were great. ...
Minor Technicalities
... br>
Fortunately, my outbursts of vulgarity only added pep to my step; and coming from a working-class family from Illinois, cursing is just part of our vernacular, so neither my mother nor step-father were particularly disturbed by the verbal ruckus I was making. (If my father didn't end a sentence with 'that ************* **********' it was uncharacteristic, and even my mother has been known to toss about the F-bomb lugubriously.)
Gordon's final thoughts on China 2011
... days back home it's hard to see that through the usual teenage static you have to battle through. In China I was able to see her genuine interest in understanding the Chinese culture. I saw her courage in trying things that were outside of her comfort zone. And I saw a level of independence in problem solving in situations where Mom and I weren't necessarily on our game. And we laughed. A lot. Erin understands the importance ...


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Tim Kasher
Laura Stevenson, The New Trust
The Bell House
149 7th Street
Brooklyn, New York, 11215
Doors 8:00 PM / Show 9:00 PM
This event is 21 and over
Whereas The Game Of Monogamy was an orchestral album filled with theatrical arrangements, Adult Film favors less ornate, equally impactful instrumentation across its 10 affecting tracks. The album is filled with variations of Kasher's signature blend of ruminative rock/pop, ranging from raucous and barreling ("American Lit," "Truly Freaking Out") to uneasy and undulating ("Where's Your Heart Lie," the dreamy "Lay Down Your Weapons"), from deceptively bright and poppy ("The Willing Cuckold," "A Raincloud is a Raincloud") to tempered and cascading ("You Scare Me To Death," "A Lullaby, sort of"). Lyrically, Kasher is at his incisive best, thematically elastic and touching on aging (self-reflection and taking stock), mortality (one's own and others'), and relationships of all kinds.
Kasher is joined on Adult Film by Sara Bertuldo (bass, vocals), Patrick Newbery (organ, keys, synths, horns), and Dylan Ryan (drums) – who backed him while touring around The Game Of Monogamy – as well as additional artists including Nate Kinsella (drums; of Make Believe and Birthmark) and Laura Stevenson (vocals; of Laura Stevenson and the Cans), among others. The album was mixed by John Congleton (St. Vincent, Wye Oak, Explosions In The Sky) at Elmwood Recording in Dallas, TX.
Though Stevenson began writing classically on piano early on, it wasn't until her late teens that she taught herself how to fingerpick the guitar, aspiring to have the quickness and intricacy of her "guitar god," Dolly Parton. The new instrument opened up a window of creativity and Stevenson soon began writing songs heavily influenced by the writers her father had raised her on, such as Neil Young, Gram Parsons, and Carole King, while also drawing inspiration from music that she discovered on her own like Leonard Cohen, and Jeff Mangum. Meanwhile, leaving her comfort zone, Stevenson started playing in friends' bands in and around Long Island, a time that she says, "taught me how to be on tour, how to give and take with other musicians, and not be afraid of my own ideas." With a new found confidence and a solid and supportive community of creative people behind her, Stevenson moved to Brooklyn in her early 20s and soon started performing her own material, loosely assembling a backing band of friends from other projects. In 2010, she released her bare-bones full-length debut simply entitled, A Record, which she quickly followed the year after with Sit Resist, the first solid document of her work playing with a full band. Those two albums and a healthy amount of touring brought Stevenson a dedicated fan base, drawn to her voice, her words, and her relatable down-to-earth persona.
While writing the 13 songs that make-up her newest record, Wheel, Stevenson sought to understand her place within the frame of time, nature, and among those that she loves. With her words, a careful twine of prose and humor, Stevenson manages to expose the nagging contradictions that make life so terrifying but also so worth living, how it is possible to simultaneously feel both fear and joy, the bitter aftertaste of something so beautiful it makes you sick. Themes of passage, the cycle of the moon, the seasons, and love's ever-shifting states of dependence, are all interwoven throughout Wheel as songs ebb and flow from her band's crashing walls of distortion and pounding drums, to sweet string-led overtures, to moments where it is just Stevenson and a guitar.
Depending on which part of its story you choose to focus on, The New Trust is either extremely straightforward or tantalizingly complex. In one corner, the co-ed band from Santa Rosa—located about 55 miles north of San Francisco—plays unpretentious, fired-up indie-rock songs that bring to mind the mid-'90s heyday (think Boilermaker, Knapsack, early Promise Ring, etc.), are catchy as all get-out, and rarely reach the three-minute mark. In the other is a European tour the band booked only a year after it formed, lyrics that quote Jermaine Stewart's "We Don't Have To Take Our Clothes Off" while dissing religion and championing a DIY lifestyle, and a guitarist who originally thought her six-string would be used to sing her future kids to sleep.
"My goal was someday I would at least be good enough to play 'Puff The Magic Dragon' to our children," says Sara Sanger, who happens to be the wife of singer-bassist Josh Staples, who also handles The Velvet Teen's low end. To some, their married-and-in-a-band arrangement is another oddity, but it's hard to get anyone in the band to see it that way—in fact, Sanger would probably still be completely focused on her photography if it wasn't for Staples' encouragement. "Josh was so serious, and such an optimist—he doesn't do anything unless he knows that it's going to happen. I didn't realize that for a long time. I just thought, 'Oh, this is just something he's doing for his wife to make me feel better.'"
Upcoming Events
The Bell House
Sat, March 28
Bad Assery: The Women and Comedy Conference
Sat, March 28
The Rub
Sun, March 29
Bad Assery: The Women and Comedy Conference
Mon, March 30
Tue, March 31
Haunting Renditions with Eliot Glazer Featuring Special Guests Abbi Jacobson & Jon Glaser
Wed, April 1
The Shelter Peep Show: PHOBIA
Fri, April 3
Nude Beach and White Hills
Sat, April 4
The Sheila Divine
Sun, April 5
Slate TV Club - Mad Men Premiere
Mon, April 6
The Moth StorySLAM Hosted By Peter Aguero
Tim Kasher with Laura Stevenson, The New Trust
Wednesday, November 6 · Doors 8:00 PM / Show 9:00 PM at The Bell House


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Tyson to Sell Two Commodity Poultry Operations in Alabama
SPRINGDALE, Ark., March 22, 2007 (PRIME NEWSWIRE) -- As part of strategic efforts to reduce the production of fresh, commodity chicken, Tyson Foods, Inc. (NYSE:TSN) plans to sell two of its Alabama poultry plants and some supporting facilities, the company reported today.
Metso to Supply a Grinding System to Boliden in Sweden
HELSINKI, Finland, March 22, 2007 (PRIME NEWSWIRE) -- Metso Minerals will supply a grinding system for a new concentrator at Boliden's Aitik mine in Gallivare, Northern Sweden. The new concentrator, with the grinding circuit, is scheduled to start operation in 2010. The value of the equipment order is approximately EUR 39 million.
Emulex Surpasses 25 Millionth Embedded Storage Port Shipment Milestone
COSTA MESA, Calif., March 22, 2007 (PRIME NEWSWIRE) -- Emulex Corporation (NYSE:ELX) today announced that it has surpassed its 25 millionth cumulative embedded storage port shipment. This significant milestone follows a highly successful year for Emulex's embedded storage products portfolio, comprised of industry-leading I/O controllers, InSpeed(r) and FibreSpy(r) embedded storage switches, and multi-protocol bridging technology.
CDMA2000 Presence Increases in South Asia -- the World's Fastest Growing Region For Wireless Services
COSTA MESA, Calif., March 22, 2007 (PRIME NEWSWIRE) -- The CDMA Development Group (CDG) (www.cdg.org) today announced that CDMA2000(r) is witnessing substantial subscriber growth across South Asia, nearly doubling the subscriber base in the region from 23 million in 2005 to 45 million at the end of 2006. Twenty-six operators in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka have selected CDMA2000 to offer affordable voice and broadband data access to users in urban as well as remote rural areas. CDMA2000 is the most widely deployed 3G technology in these markets and it enables operators to deliver universal telephone and Internet access, while differentiating their services with popular revenue-generating data services such as ring tones, email, daily info data casts and ethnic music downloads.
The National Association of Chain Drug Stores and PricewaterhouseCoopers Release Four-Step Framework for Successful Product Launches
NEW YORK, March 22, 2007 (PRIME NEWSWIRE) -- As the number of new product launches increases and the marketplace becomes even more competitive, retailers and manufacturers are finding they must engage more collaboratively to find common ground and share success. A new paper released today by the National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS) and prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) is entitled How targeted collaboration between retailers and manufacturers promotes the success of new product launches and addresses the issue of improving the chances of success and profit when bringing a new product to market.


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Page 1
Quantum dots
DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800088
CdTe Nanoparticles Display Tropism to Core Histones and
Histone-Rich Cell Organelles
Jennifer Conroy,* Stephen J. Byrne, Yurii K. Gun'ko, Yury P. Rakovich, John
F. Donegan, Anthony Davies, Dermot Kelleher, and Yuri Volkov
The disclosure of the mechanisms of nanoparticle interaction with specific
intracellular targets represents one of the key tasks in nanobiology.
Unmodified luminescent semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots
(QDs), are capable of a strikingly rapid accumulation in the nuclei and
nucleoli of living human cells, driven by processes of yet unknown nature.
Here, it is hypothesized that such a strong tropismof QDs could be mediated
by charge-related properties of the macromolecules presented in the nuclear
compartments. As the complex microenvironment encountered by the QDs
in the nuclei and nucleoli of live cells is primarily presented by proteins and
other biopolymers, such as DNA and RNA, the model of human phagocytic
cell line THP1, nuclear lysates, purified protein, and nucleic acid solutions is
utilized to investigate the interactions of the QDs with these most abundant
classes of intranuclear macromolecules. Using a combination of advanced
technological approaches, including live cell confocal microscopy, fluor-
escent lifetime imaging (FLIM), spectroscopic methods, and zeta potential
measurements, it is demonstrated that unmodified CdTe QDs preferentially
decrease in the pholuminescence (PL) intensity of the QDs. FLIM imaging
the presence of core histones, with a resulting significant reduction in the PL
lifetime. FLIM technology for the first time reveals that the localization of
negatively charged QDs to their ultimate nuclear and nucleolar destinations
dramatically affects the QDs' photoluminescence lifetimes, and offers
thereby a sensitive readout for physical interactions between QDs and their
intracellular macromolecular targets. These findings strongly suggest that
charge-mediated QD/histone interactions could provide the basis for QD
nuclear localization downstream of intracellular transport mechanisms.
CdTe Nanoparticles Display Tropism to Core-Histones
[?] J. Conroy, Dr. A. Davies, Prof. D. Kelleher, Prof. Y. Volkov
The Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin
Dublin 2 (Ireland)
Fax: (þ353) 1-8963503
E-mail: email@example.com
Dr. S. J. Byrne, Prof. Y. K. Gun'ko
The School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin
Dublin (Ireland)
Dr. Y. P. Rakovich, Prof. J. F. Donegan
The School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin
Dublin (Ireland)
Dr. Y. Volkov, Prof. Y. K. Gun'ko, Prof. J. F. Donegan
Principal Investigators
Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and
Nanodevices (CRANN)
Trinity College Dublin
Dublin (Ireland)
? core histones
? fluorescent lifetime imaging
? nanocrystals
? nanoparticle tropism
? quantum dots
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Page 2
1. Introduction
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), or quantum dots
(QDs), are quantum-confined objects[1]possessing discrete
energy levels and exciton radii that are smaller than the bulk
exciton Bohr radius.[2]They therefore represent a class of
material intermediate between single molecules and bulk
solid-state materials[3]and the carrier energies of these
spherical QDs increase as the radius of the QD decreases.[1,4]
Although wefocus here on onetype of QDthere are a number
of different QDs (CdS,[5]
HgTe,[9]and ZnSe,[10]) in use, with broad applications in
LEDs,[11–14]as QD-bead conjugates for use in biotechnol-
ogy,[15]in microcavity lasing,[16]and as photosensitivefilms.[17]
They are also an attractive alternative to fluorescent markers
in biolabeling as they have high photostability,[18]their optical
properties are size dependent,[19]and they have a high
luminescence quantum yield.[20]Another potential advantage
of using QDs for biological purposes is the possibility of their
specific functionalization and directed specific targeting within
a cell. However, the behavior of ''naked'' non-functionalized
QDs in biological environments is a field less well studied and
understood but of great importance to the safety of the
populace. With a constant increase in their uses in nanotech-
nology there are rising possibilities of human exposure to such
particles, for example in a research laboratory or in an
industrial manufacturing environment.
The mechanism of uptake of nanoparticles of different
a number of research studies worldwide.[21–25]Due to their
extremely small size such particles have the capacity to enter
airway passages, cross epithelial barriers, or directly enter the
vascular system, rendering them potentially harmful to living
organisms.[26]In this study, we examined the exposure of
whole cells to QDs with a specific focus on their interactions
with the most commonly encountered proteins and macro-
molecules[27]– ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxy-ribonucleic
acid (DNA), core histones, and serum proteins. Albumin type
protein constitutes over 50% of the total blood protein pool.
The core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) are proteins found
involved in cell cycle and regulation. They are involved in the
structural organization of chromosomal DNA through inter-
and the positive lysine and arginine amino acids side chains of
the core histones.[28]The nanoparticles used in this study are
negatively charged thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped cadmium
telluride (CdTe) QDs with the negative charge attributed
to the TGA capping and the presence of carboxylic groups.[20]
In this study, we focused on the potential mechanisms
underlying the QDs tropism to nuclei and nucleoli. We have
utilized the THP1 cell line because these cells display typical
phagocytic behavior and are capable of rapid nanoparticle
ingestion, and intercellular and nuclear area accumulation.[29]
Using a combination of technological approaches including
live cell confocal microscopy, fluorescent lifetime imaging
(FLIM), spectroscopic methods, and zeta potential measure-
ments, we demonstrate the strong tropism of QDs to core
histones and histone-rich cell organelles.
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. FLIM Imaging of Nucleus-Targeting Quantum Dots
in Human Phagocytes
As we demonstrated earlier, small green-emitting nega-
tively charged CdTe QDs are capable of rapid nuclear
accumulation in cells of a phagocytic nature.[29]Figure 1A
shows the accumulation of 3.2-nm sized TGA-capped CdTe
QDs (negatively charged) in the nucleus and nucleoli of the
THP1 cells following 30 minutes incubation. Figure 1B shows
the predominant membrane-associated fluorescence pattern
and discrete cytoplasmic aggregates of the 3.32-nm-sized
cysteamine-capped CdTe QDs (positively charged) also
following a 30 minute incubation; however, no nuclear or
nucleoli accumulation was observed. Experiments with
cysteamine-capped QDs effectively rule out particle size as
the reason for the differing ultimate locations of these QDs
within the THP1 cells; they also suggest that perhaps the
surface charge of the QDs determines the cellular uptake
mechanism implicated, and also their ultimate location within
the cell. As seen from Figure 1A, the QDs clearly highlight the
nuclear area and two characteristic spots of increased
fluorescence intensity corresponding to the nucleoli. It has
been suggested that such nucleolar tropism of negatively
charged QDs is mediated by molecular interactions with
positively charged histones.[29]If these strong interactions
indeed take place, they are bound to have a distinctive effect
full papers
J. Conroy et al.
Figure 1. Transmittedlight and single plane (middlepart of the nucleus
level) confocal image of the THP1 cell after 30min exposure to A) TGA-
capped CdTe QDs. The confocal image was taken using 488-nm
excitation and a long band-pass emission filter (525nm), the green
color shown here is a pseudo-color applied after collection and does
not reflect the true emission wavelength (546nm) of the QDs. B)
Cysteamine-capped CdTe QDs – this confocal image was taken using
488-nm excitation and a long band-pass filter (505nm); again, the
green color shown here is also a pseudo-color applied after collection
and does not reflect the true emission wavelength (558nm) of the QDs.
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
Page 3
on the physio-chemical properties of the QDs, affecting their
intrinsic photoluminescence characteristics.
We first addressed this hypothesis by implementing
whole cell FLIM. Each pixel in the FLIM image gives the
fluorescent lifetime at a particular position in space (x,y),
while monitoring the entire photoluminescence (PL) spec-
trum. Lifetime-basedcontrastis valuablebecausethe lifetimes
of probes often depend on their local environment.
Figure 2 shows the FLIM images taken at a single focal
plane of THP1 cells at the level of the nucleus with (B) and
without (A) exposure to QDs. The THP1 cellwithout the QDs
shows an even distribution of auto-fluorescence lifetimes
across the entire cell, with the lifetimes ranging from 1.5 to
6ns. However, the FLIM image of the THP1 cell with QDs
clearly shows a strong contrast between the QD lifetimes,
depending on their location within the cell. The QDs detected
in proximity to the cell membrane have a longer lifetime
compared to those internalized and confined to endosomal
compartments, or those located in the nuclear (nucleoli) area.
However, as a whole, the PL decay associated with the QDs is
significantly longer than auto-fluorescence (Figure 2), but is
shorter than the PL lifetime of the original aqueous solution of
QDs (Figure 8, 16–27ns). To compare these decays we
calculated the average PL times (tav) that describe the mean
time taken for a photon to be emitted using the following
t ¼
from a fit of an i-exponential function of the form IPL(t) /
Paiexp (–t/ti) to the experimental PL decay curves (Figure 3;
represents a weighting of the various decay time components
CdTe QDs is almost three times longer than the lifetime of
the auto-fluorescence and measurable luminescence from the
QDs, and can be detected up to 100ns after the pump pulse
(Figure 3). Among others factors this long lifetime provides a
strong advantage of using QDs as intracellular imaging agents
facilitating the discrimination between labeled and label-free
organelles (or intrinsic cellular components).
A further feature of the QDs' PL decay dynamic, which is
clearly seen from Table 1, are the multi-exponential decay
kinetics. The sum of at least three exponential functions is
required to achieve a satisfactory fit to the QDs PL decay data,
1.1 (Figure 3; Table 1). The observed multi-exponential decay
kinetic reflects fluctuations in non-radiative relaxation path-
ways[30]and is indicative of a broad lifetime distribution
caused by the diverse intracellular microenvironments. When
Table 1). Here, IPLis PL intensity, t denotes time, and ai
CdTe Nanoparticles Display Tropism to Core-Histones
Figure 2. FLIM images taken in a single focal plane (nucleus level) of A)
THP1 cell without QDs and exhibiting an even distribution of PL lifetime
and B) THP1 cells incubated with CdTe QDs showing a variation in PL
lifetime within different parts of the cell. The image was collected at
250?250 pixel resolution with 4096 time channels; 2 ms acquisition
time per pixel and a total recording time of 6.63min. Image size:
39.50mm ?39.50mm.
Figure 3. Time-dependentPLintensitydecaysforTHP1cells1)withand
2) without QDs. a) Results of multi-exponential analysis of decay curves
are shown by thick lines, b and c) corresponding residuals.
Table 1. Multi-exponential fit parameters to the observed PL decay of
THP1 cells with and without QDs.
Without QDs
With QDs
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Page 4
fluorophores (QDs in our case) are embedded in non-uniform
environments, it has been shown that PL decays can be best
understood by a model of continuous distributions of decay
times.[31]In this case fitting procedures cannot distinguish
sufficiently between, for example, a single Gaussian distribu-
tion of lifetimes and the sum of two exponentials, or a bimodal
Gaussian distribution and the sum of at least three
exponentials.[32,33]Thus, a description based on discrete
lifetime components should only be regarded as truly
representing discrete molecular states if supported by further
information.[34]Therefore, to gain a better insight into the
spatial distribution of the lifetimes, the PL dynamics were
evaluated from PL lifetime histograms (Figure 4). The
histograms were obtained from a multi-exponential fitting
procedure carried out for each pixel of the scan.
The lifetime distribution recorded for THP1 cells without
QDs (Figure 4a) revealed pronounced heterogeneity of the
auto-fluorescence lifetimes with an average value of 3.9ns
(peak full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM)¼1.9ns). In con-
trast, the decay time distribution analysis shows that the CdTe
QDs luminescence decay kinetics involve processes with two
distinctive groups of lifetimes (Figure 4b and c) with the
maximavaluesdepending onthecellularcompartmentswhere
the QDs are localized. In the nuclear area (Figure 2, nuclear
area) the histogram shows lifetime distributions that consist of
two maxima centered at 2.5 and 8.5ns with FWHM¼2.5 and
4.0ns, respectively. Clearly, the short-lived component
strongly overlaps with the auto-fluorescence signal. Analysis
of the lifetime map of the QDs in the region of the cell
membrane reveals a pronounced shift of the long-lived
component,indicating anincrease inPL lifetime
(Figure 4c). This component is now centered at 11ns with
One of the universal characteristics of QDs is that they
lifetime is usually around several nanoseconds and can be
attributed to the intrinsic recombination of initially populated
core states,[2]whereas the longer lifetime is usually around
tens of nanoseconds and its origin is still in question; however,
the surface states in the recombination process in colloidal
QDs.[3]In FLIM, the image contrast is independent of the
local PL intensity; instead, it is based on the fluorescence
lifetime in each region of the cell.
The possible reason for the QDs lifetime reduction
observed in the nucleus and nucleoli could be aggregation
of the QDs, mediated by the binding of the QDs to
biopolymers within the nuclear and nucleolar compartments.
The main mechanism of PL lifetime reduction in this case
would most probably be related to a transfer of electrons from
the photoexcited semiconductor nanoparticle to the cation
bound at the surface of intranuclear organelles, which involves
a chemical reduction of the cationic groups. The fact that the
most pronounced modification has been observed for the
surface-associated component of the lifetime distribution
(with short-lived component intact) provides strong support
for creditability to this mechanism. We further investigated
this hypothesis here with the focus on the biopolymers present
in abundance in the nuclear compartment.
2.2. Densitometric Evaluation of Direct QD–Histone
Confocal microscopy (Figure 1A) demonstrated that the
CdTe, TGA-capped negative QDs utilized in this study enter
the nucleus and nucleoli of the THP1 cells. From the FLIM
data obtained, the lifetimes of these QDs depend greatly on
their cellular compartmentalization. We therefore addressed
the question of whether the interaction of QDs with individual
biopolymers that occur in abundance in the nucleus could be
reproduced in a direct in vitro binding system. We demon-
strate here that QDs preferentially bind to core histones over
other nuclear macromolecules.
DNA, RNA, core histones, bovine serum albumin (BSA),
and nuclear lysate interaction with QDs was performed by a
modified dot–blot technique, as described in Section 4. BSA
has been shown to increase the luminescence and have a
stabilizing effect on QDs[35]and so it was used here as a
control. Figure 5B shows clearly that the QDs bind only to the
core histones and the nuclear lysate. No binding of the QDs to
the BSA, RNA, or DNA was observed (Figure 5A and B).
This binding of the negatively charged QDs to the core
histones could be attributed to the fact that the core histones
are approximately 30–40% positively charged, due to the
presence of the amino acids lysine and arginine on their N-
termini,[36]whereas the DNA and RNA are negatively
charged,[37]resulting in a net negative force between them
and the QDs. The nuclear lysate also shows strong binding of
the QDs, with the intensity even exceeding the purified core
histone proteins. However, since the total estimated protein
full papers
J. Conroy et al.
Figure 4. Lifetime histograms obtained from FLIM images of THP1 cells
a) without QDs and b, c) with QDs. The lifetime distribution recorded for
THP1 cells without QDs (a) shows pronounced heterogeneity of the
auto-fluorescence lifetimes with an average value of 3.9ns. The
envelope curve in (b) and (c) is presented as guide for eye. Here, two
distinctive groups of lifetimes are shown with their maxima values
depending on the cellular compartments where the QDs are localized.
The histograms in (b) are those that correspond to the lifetimes in the
nuclear area and the histograms in (c) are those corresponding to the
perimembrane area (see Figure 2). In both cases it is a significant
reduction in lifetime compared to that of the QDs in water, 16–27ns
(Figure 8), however, those in the nuclear region show the greatest
reduction in lifetime (b).
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
Page 5
load in the nuclear lysate (?12mg mL?1) was significantly
higher than the concentration of the purified core histone
protein solution used (5mg mL?1), a direct quantitative
comparison may not be applicable in this case. In addition, the
presence of some other macromolecules with similar proper-
ties in the whole nuclear lysate, or any changes in histone/QD
affinity due to the protein purification steps, or a combination
of both of these factors, can potentially contribute to this
2.3. Spectroscopic Measurements
The absorption and emission spectra of the QDs in water
and with varying concentrations of core histones, BSA, and
fetal calf serum (FCS) were recorded. Figure 6A and B show
the absorption and PL spectra obtained for QDs mixed with
increasing amounts of FCS and BSA; the original mixture was
2mL of waterþ10mL of QD (4?10?4M) and the proteins
were added in steps of 5mL (stock concentration of 5mg
mL?1). In both cases the absorbance peak remains in the same
position, at ?522nm, even with increasing amounts of FCS or
the FCS and BSA shows dramatic increases in intensity with
increasing amounts of each protein. In both cases the spectra
appear to reach a plateau, and the intensity remains the same,
even after further additions of proteins (up to 0.125mg mL?1).
This enhancement in luminescence emission of the QDs is
due to the interaction of the BSA and FCS molecules with the
surface of the QDs and their capping of remaining surface
defect states, effectively reducing the amount of non-radiative
decay channels and thus increasing the PL efficiency.
Mattoussi et al.[38]report on the enhancement of the PL of
CdSe-ZnS QDs upon bio-conjugation with MBP-zb. They
suggest that the proteins interact with the alkyl–COOH-
capped QDs in solution and that these interactions alter the
electrostatic/polar environment of the inorganic core, thus
affecting the efficiency of the core electron/hole recombina-
tion leading to the observed increase in PL intensity.
Mamedova et al.[39]prepared BSA–CdTe conjugates using
a glutaric dialdehyde (G) linker. They also found an increase
tryptophan moietiesofthe albumintothe CdTe nanoparticles.
Kumar and Mital[40]observed an increase in the PL intensity
of adenine-capped CdS QDs by about three-fold.
The absorbance and PL spectra recorded for the QDs
mixed with increasing amounts of core histones are shown in
Figure 6C. The peak absorbance of the QDs remains at
?522nm, as shown previously; however, there is a dramatic
shift off the baseline even after the very first addition of the
core histones. This would indicate that there is a change
occurring within the QD ensemble due to the interaction of
the QDs with the core histones. The PL spectra of the QDs
mixed with the core histones are also significantly different
from those obtained from the QDs mixed with BSA and FCS.
A redshift from 546 to 557nm and reduction in PL was also
observed. Initially there is a small increase in the PL intensity
and then a dramatic reduction with an eventual plateau.
Significantly, this reinforces the very different interactions the
TGA-capped QDs have when mixed with the core histones
compared to the other proteins. A study by Yaroslavov
et al.[41]report the interaction of negatively charged CdTe
QDs with positively charged poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium
bromide-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PEVP). They found that the
addition of the PEVP in increasing amounts to a solution
containing the QDs resulted in a decrease in the fluorescence
that eventually stabilized. A similar observation is made here
where the addition of positive core histones to the negative
QDs in water resulting in a PL redshift and corresponding
decrease in the PL intensity. They suggest that the observed
quenching is due to the electrostatic interactions of the
positive PEVP with the negative QDs resulting in electron
transfer.[41]This could possibly explain the quenching and the
redshift observed here. On the other hand, the luminescence
quenching accompanied by a redshift of the PL band may be
attributed to short range dipole/dipole interaction in QD
assemblies. This phenomenon has been reported for films of
close-packed QDs of different sizes.[42–44]
formation of these assemblies is mediated by the positive
core histones via electrostatic attraction.
In our case
2.4. Size and Charge Measurements
Two main observations were noted from the spectral data;
firstly, the absorption values of the QDs when mixed with
change to the surface properties of the QDs or more likely
enhanced light scattering by QD–histone nanocomposites.
Secondly, a redshift and a considerable reduction in intensity
CdTe Nanoparticles Display Tropism to Core-Histones
Figure 5. A) Densitometry results obtained for the QDs bound to the
the QDs to the BSA, RNA, or DNA but strong interaction with the core
histones and nuclear lysate. Note that all the tested solutions were
equilibrated by the relevant purified macromolecule concentration
(5mg mL?1) whereas the nuclear lysate contained ?12mg mL?1total
detectable protein. (B) shows the UV image taken of the nitrocellulose
with QDs clearly detectable only where the core histones and nuclear
lysate were bound.
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Page 6
were observed for the PL spectra of the QDs and histones,
indicating aggregation and quenching of the sample. Thus, by
measuring the size and charge of the QDs before and after the
addition of increasing amounts of the proteins, we intended to
the size and charge results obtained. When mixed with water
charge of these negative TGA-capped QDs. After the addition
of 10mL of BSA (5mg mL?1) to give a final concentration of
0.025mg mL?1, there was a shift in their size to 12nm and a
corresponding change in their net charge to ?20mV. A
significant increase in size (181nm) was observed when the
the charge now only ?8mV. The first addition of the core
histones (10mL; final concentration 0.025mg mL?1) to the QD
andwatermixtureresulted ina different outcometo thatof the
BSA; there was a significant increase in size from 4 to 150nm,
and the charge was ?18mV. However, the most striking
measurements occurred when the core histone concentration
was brought to 0.125mg mL?1, the size jumped to 225nm, and
the charge shifted from negative values to positive, to þ15mV,
thus clearly demonstrating the effect which the positively
charged core histones had on the negative QDs.
full papers
J. Conroy et al.
Figure 6. A-C) Absorption and PL spectra of CdTe TGA-capped QDs when exposed to various biopolymers. There is no significant shift off the
first addition of core histones to the QDs in water and a dramatic decrease in PL intensity accompanied by a redshift.
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
Page 7
BSA is a relatively large (5.5 nm?5.5 nm?9nm)[46]
molecule comparedto that of the QDs andthe isoelectric point
for BSA is pH 4.78; above this point it is considered to be
is ?11, domain II is ?7, and domain III is þ1.[48]Therefore, we
cannotruleoutthe possibility thatsome ofthe negative QDs in
BSA surface, thus leading to a higher positive Zeta potential.
2.5. Direct Interaction of QDs and Biopolymers in Vitro
Since the FLIM method proved to be a very sensitive
technique for characterizing QDs interactions with nuclear
compartments in whole live cells, we have also used this
approach for the studies of direct interaction of QDs and
biopolymers in vitro. Figure 8 shows the fluorescent lifetime
image obtained for the QDs in water. A FLIM map is
produced within a 16–27ns lifetime window showing an even
distribution of nanoparticles. Once again two maxima in the
lifetime histogram are present: one centered at 6.6ns and the
other long-lived component detected at 22.8ns. Figure 9a,c,
and e shows the fluorescent lifetime images of the QDs
withincreasingamounts of
0.125mg mL?1). There is no change in the lifetime decay
distribution which implies that the negatively charged BSA
has no effect on the stability of the QDs in solution. However,
both short and long lived components are now shifted to the
longer lifetimes (9 and 24ns, respectively) in comparison with
the aqueous solution of QDs. These experimental findings
indicate partial removal of the non-radiative recombination
channels due to the improvement of QDs surface passivation,
in agreement with the observed dramatic increase in the
steady-state PL intensity (Figure 6B). Figure 9g, i, and k show
the FLIM images observed when incremental increasing
concentrations of core histones were added (0.025, 0.075, and
0.125mg mL?1). Even a small amount of the core histones
BSA (0.025,0.075,and
CdTe Nanoparticles Display Tropism to Core-Histones
Figure 8. a) Fluorescent lifetime image and b) PL lifetime histograms
obtained for the QDs in water. The lifetime distribution ranges from
16 to 27ns and the image shows an even distribution with no aggre-
gates, which would imply that the QDs are distributed evenly with their
surface and core intact. Image size: 80 mm ?80 mm
Figure 7. Size in nanometers recorded for QDs in water and when
exposed to a low (0.025mg mL?1) and high (0.125mg mL?1) con-
centration of BSA and core histones. Charge in millivolts recorded for
QDs in water and when exposed to a low (0.025mg mL?1) and high
(0.125mg mL?1) concentration of BSA and core histones.
small 2008, x, No. x, 1–10
? 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Page 8
caused a reduction of the mean lifetimes of both components
(5 and20.5ns, respectively) as is shown in Figure 9g, indicating
aggregation mediated by the presence of the positive histones.
An enhanced aggregation of QDs (Fig. 9i and j), caused by the
increased concentration of core histones, is accompanied by
further decreases in lifetimes, once again in agreement
with the strong steady-state PL quenching (Figure 6). It
should be noted that the presence of big clusters of QDs
stabilizes the photoluminescent decays: both short-lived (4ns)
and long-lived (17ns) components of lifetime distributions
remain the same in Figure 9i and j. This fact alone with
of screening of the electrostatic interaction and stabilization of
the electron transfer rate at the provided concentrations of
core histones.
3. Conclusions
In the present study, we performed the first detailed
investigation of the dynamic modifications of QD character-
istics that develop upon their contact with selected biopoly-
mers in live cells and cell-free systems. Targeting of negatively
charged QDs to their ultimate nuclear and nucleolar
destinations dramatically affects the QDs PL lifetimes.
QDs showedaparticulartropismtothecorehistoneswhich
RNA, resulting in dramatic changes in their physical and
chemical properties. The observed dramatic shift off the
absorption baseline, redshift, and decrease in the PL intensity
(Figure 6) strongly indicates the possible associated changes to
absorption wavelengths were not affected (Figure 6). These
aggregate formation in the presence of QD, and by the shift of
charge from negative to positivemeasured after the addition of
the core histones to the QDs (Table 2).
The FLIM images of the QDs (Figure 9) clearly
demonstrated an increase in aggregation with the addition
of core histones with a significant reduction in the PL
Despite this strong experimental evidence, we cannot
exclude some other possible reasons for the reduced QDs
full papers
J. Conroy et al.
Figure 9. FLIM images of a), c), e) QDs with increasing amounts of BSA (0.025, 0.075, and 0.125mg mL?1) and b), d), f) their corresponding PL
lifetimehistograms;FLIM imagesg), i),k) QDswithincreasingamountsofcorehistones(0.025,0.075, and0.125mgmL?1) alongwith h),j),l) their
corresponding PL lifetime histograms. Color map is the same as presented in Figure 8. FLIM image sizes: 80 mm ?80 mm
Table 2. Charge and size results recorded for CdTe QDs when mixed
with water and various concentrations of BSA and core histones using
the Zetasiser Nano.
Sample [mg mL?1] Size [nm] Charge [mV]
0.00 protein
0.025 C. His
0.125 C. His
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based onthe factthatthe nucleus per sepresents a strongacidic
environment (contributed by nucleic acids) and the PL of the
QDs varies with pH and is diminished in acidic conditions.[18,49]
However,it has been recentlyshown thatTGA surface capping
Another assumption builds around the earlier observation that
QDs that are very tightly packed and therefore can undergo a
reduction in lifetime as a result of the energy transfer between
observedas a decrease in the luminescence lifetimeofthe small
lifetime of the large dots. With the assumption that the energy
transfer parameters are the same for QDs aggregated on cell
membranes and those interacting in the nucleus, it is hard to
alone. However, one cannot rule out that one or both of these
mechanisms also contribute to some extent to the observed
Finally, in this work, FLIM technology for the first time
revealed that the localization of negatively charged QDs to
their ultimate nuclear and nucleolar destinations dramatically
affects the QDs PL lifetimes and thereby provided a sensitive
readout for physical interactions between QDs and their
intracellular macromolecular targets. Charge-mediated QDs/
histone interactions could potentially serve as the basis for
QDs nuclear distribution downstream of concurrent intracel-
lular transport mechanisms.
4. Experimental Procedures
The following cell line, THP1 macrophage cells, was used
andcultured(378C,5%CO2)inRPMI 1640,10%FCS,100mg
of penicillin mL?1and 100mg of streptomycin mL?1. For
confocal and FLIM imaging the cells were cultured in eight-
well Lab-tek chamber slides at a concentration of 0.5?105
cells mL?1. The cells were incubated for 30min with the QDs
i) TGA-capped CdTe and ii) cyteamine-capped CdTe, at a
final concentration of 1?10?6M. The cells were then washed
with warm (378C) medium before imaging. Using the
polynomial fit described by Yu et al.,[53]the calculated
diameters of the TGA-capped and cysteamine-capped QDs
were 3.2 and 3.32nm, respectively.
TGA-capped CdTe QDs were prepared according to
published procedures.[7,50]These QDs were stored at 48C in
the dark and used as received but, before incubation with the
Supply Co., Ireland) were diluted in water to 5mg mL?1stock
text. DNA and RNA were provided by Dr. Eugene Dempsey
(TCD) and the nuclear lysate (?12mg mL?1) was provided by
Dr. Stephen McDonald (TCD).
Confocal images were collected using a 100? oil immer-
sion objective on a Nikon TE 300 microscope, using an Ultra
View Live Cell Imager confocal microscopy workstation
(Perkin Elmer Life Sciences). The laser excitation used was
488nm, with a broad emission filter at 525nm. Fluorescence
lifetime images were collected with the FLIM system
(Microtime200 time-resolved confocal microscope system,
PicoQuant) equipped with Olympus IX71 inverted micro-
scope (40? dry objective). The samples were excited by
480nm picosecond pulses generated by a PicoQuant, LDH-
operated at a 20MHz repetition rate with an overall time
resolution of ?350 ps.
Evaluation of the QDs interactions with BSA, DNA,
RNA, core histones, and nuclear lysates was carried out by a
modified dot–blot technique on nitrocellulose membranes.
Two microliter of each BSA, RNA, DNA,and corehistones at
a concentration of 5mg mL?1were boundto the nitrocellulose
along with 2mL of nuclear lysate at ?12mg mL?1. The
membrane strips with bound biopolymers were flooded with a
QD and water mixture (4?10?6M) and allowed to incubate
the intercellular environment). The nitrocellulose and QDs
were then washed vigorously three times with deionized water
and then UV images were collected using the transilluminator.
The absorption and the PL spectra were recorded using a
Cary 50 Conc. UV/Vis spectrophotometer and a Cary eclipse
fluorescence spectrometer, respectively, with an excitation of
450nm. Zeta potential and size measurements of the QDs
were carried out using a Zetasizer, Model Nano (Malvern
This work was supported by the Higher Education Authority
(HEA) of Ireland, Programme for Research in Third-Level
Institutions (PRTLI) funding, Health Research Board of Ireland
(HRB). Y. R. was supported by CRANN Institute, Trinity College
Dublin. Part of this work was supported by the European
consortium NanoInteract. We would like to thank both
Dr. Stephen McDonald for providing the nuclear lysate and
Dr. Eugene Dempsey for providing the RNA and DNA
extractions. Thanks also to Wei-Yu Chen and Magorzata
Nowostawska for providing the cysteamine capped QDs.
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