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Film poster
|Directed by
|Produced by
|A. M. Rathnam
|Written by
|Screenplay by
Barathan (Dialogues )
Prakash Raj
Ashish Vidyarthi
Nagendra Prasad
|Music by
|Edited by
|V. T. Vijayan
Release dates
|17 April 2004
Running time
|167 minutes
|Box office
|500 million (US$7.9 million)[1]
Ghilli (English: Risk taker) is a 2004 Indian Tamil action thriller film directed by Dharani and produced by A. M. Rathnam.[2] The film is a remake of Telugu blockbuster Okkadu, that starred Mahesh Babu, Bhoomika Chawla, and Prakash Raj in the lead roles. Ghilli stars Vijay, with Trisha Krishnan and Prakash Raj playing the female lead and antagonist, respectively. The soundtrack and background score of the film were composed by Vidyasagar. The film released on Tamil New Year day on 14 April 2004; opened to highly positive reviews and emerged the highest-grossing Tamil film of all time, surpassed later by Chandramukhi.[3][4][5][6] Ghilli has grown a strong cult following over the years.[7] It was dubbed in Hindi as Keertimaan.
Velu as Ghilli (Vijay), is a wannabe kabbadi champion who is the son of watch man of Police Sivasubramanian (Ashish Vidyarthi). Sivasubramanian is not fond of his son, constantly chiding him for his lack of interest in studies and his love for kabaddi. His mother (Janaki Sabesh), on the other hand, dotes on him and his younger sister Bhuvana ('Baby' Jennifer) is the typical sharp and inquisitive schoolgirl, constantly getting Velu into trouble with his father, but nevertheless still adores him.
In Madurai, there is a ruthless factionalist leader Muthupandy (Prakash Raj), who is obsessed with a beautiful girl Dhanalakshmi (Trisha Krishnan) and would do anything to marry her. Muthupandi kills Dhanalakshmi's elder brother as he rejects his offer to marry Dhanalakshmi. Then Dhanalakshmi's younger brother is also killed by Muthupandi when he tries to avenge his brother's murder. Dhanalakshmi's father is a meek person who gets horrified by Muthupandi's acts and asks Dhanalakshmi to go away from the place and lead a peaceful life at her uncle's place in the USA by giving her the necessary certificates and money. Muthupandi catches her when she starts fleeing because by coincidence Dhanalakshmi gets into one of the lorries owned by him. At this juncture, Velu- who is in Madurai to play in a kabaddi tournament- rescues Dhanalakshmi from the hands of Muthupandi and takes her to Chennai.
Velu takes Dhanalakshmi to his house and hides her in his room, unknown to his family. Velu, with the help of his friends, arranges passport, visa and flight tickets for Dhanalakshmi so that she can go to the USA. Meanwhile, Muthupandi and his father, who happens to be the Home Minister, ask Sivasubramanian to search for Dhanalakshmi and the apparent kidnapper. When Sivasubramanian finds out that it's his own son who did the crime, Velu and Dhanalakshmi run away and hide in the lighthouse. Dhanalakshmi has by now fallen in love with Velu, and has been accepted by Velu's mother and sister. So she is reluctant to go to the USA. Velu however, is adamant on sending her to the USA and he, along with his friends, get Dhanalakshmi to the airport in time for her flight before their kabaddi match against Punjab in the final of the National League. Sivasubramanian, enraged that his son is a wanted criminal and yet is playing in a kabaddi match, goes to the stadium to arrest Velu. By now, Velu too has fallen in love with Dhanalakshmi and begins to miss her, only to spot her in the stadium during the match. Velu's lack of focus in the game is replaced by his best on seeing Dhanalakshmi, winning Tamil Nadu the championship. After winning the championship, Velu is arrested by his father, but is then stopped by Muthupandi, who wants to fight Velu, having been incited by Dhanalakshmi to do so to prove his worth. During the fight, Muthupandi accidentally falls on a floodlight, killing him. The movie ends with Velu and Dhanalakshmi finally united.
- Vijay as Saravanavelu, the protagonist
- Trisha Krishnan as Dhanalakshmi, Saravanavelu's love interest
- Prakash Raj as Muthupandi, the antagonist[8]
- Ashish Vidyarthi as Sivasubramanian, Saravanavelu's father[8]
- Tanikella Bharani as Muthupandi's father[8]
- Janaki Sabesh as Saravanavelu's mother[9]
- Baby Jennifer as Bhuvana[8]
- Dhamu as Otteri Nari[8]
- Vinod (actor Vikram's father) as Dhanalakshmi's father[8]
- T. K. Kala as Muthupandi's mother[8]
- Nagendra Prasad as Prasad
- Aadukalam Murugadoss as Aadhivasi[9]
- Mayilsamy as Narayana
- Brahmanandam as priest, his comedy sequence is one of the most popular in Tamil cinema.
- Appukutty as Brahmanandham's assistant
- Ponnambalam as Arivumathi
- Nandha Saravanan as Saravanavelu's enemy (opposite team leader)[9]
- Paandu
- Karate Raja as Muthupandi's henchman[9]
- Ammu
- Vimal as Saravanavelu's team mate (uncredited role)
- Pandi (actor) as road side seller
Vijay expressed interest in starring in a Tamil remake of the successful Telugu action flick Okkadu and prompted producer A. M. Rathnam to purchase the remake rights of the film. Dharani was finalized as the director, whose previous film Dhool under Rathnam's production had been a financial success. Dharani made minor changes to the script to suit Vijay's image and Tamil audience's taste. Dharani's regular crew members including cinematographer Gopinath and music director Vidyasagar joined the film, while Rocky Rajesh and Raju Sundaram were chosen to choreograph the stunts and dances, respectively.
Simran Bagga was roped to play the female lead opposite Vijay, But due to her wedding arrangements Trisha Krishnan was replaced to play the female lead, while Prakash Raj was signed on to reprise the villain's character from the original. Dhamu and Prabhu Deva's brother, Nagendra Prasad were recruited to essay supporting roles. Ashish Vidyarthi, Janaki Sabesh and Baby Jennifer were selected to portray Vijay's parents and sister, respectively. Playback singer T. K. Kala made her acting debut with this film.[10] Vimal who went on to act in films like Pasanga (2009) and Kalavani (2010) appeared in a small role as one of Vijay's teammates and also worked as "unofficial" assistant director.[11]
Filming began in mid-2003, after Vijay had completed his action flick with director Ramana; the film was completed by early 2004. Filming took place in Chennai surrounding the coastal areas like Mylapore and Besant Nagar. The film's introduction fight scene and a song were shot in a costly set in Prasad studios.[12] A lighthouse set was also erected. Other action and chasing sequences were canned near the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai. The climax scene was shot in a crowd of one hundred thousand people on a Vinayagar Chaturthi occasion.[13]
|Soundtrack album by Vidyasagar
|Feature film soundtrack
|Five Star Audio
|Vidyasagar chronology
The soundtrack features 6 songs composed by Vidyasagar.The lyrics were penned by Yugabharathi, Pa. Vijay, Na. Muthukumar, Kabilan and Maran. The soundtrack became a sensation on release. The song Appadi Podu in particular enjoyed high popularity upon release, all over South India and became a huge chartbuster. The song was later reused by Chakri as "Adaragottu" in the Telugu movie Krishna (2008).[14] The song was also adapted as Hum Na Tode in the Hindi movie Boss starring Akshay Kumar.
|Maran, Jayamoorty
|"Arjunaru Villu"
|Sukhwinder Singh
|"Sha La La"
|Sunidhi Chauhan
|"Appadi Podu"
|KK, Anuradha Sriram
|"Soora Thenga"
|Udit Narayan, Sujatha Mohan
Ghilli was due for release on 9 April but later got postponed for a week and opened in over 150 theaters on 16 April. Though the reason for the postponement was not given out, rumours were that producer A M Rathnam's creditors put pressure on him to settle his accounts before release. Another reason was that Vijay got cold feet after the Udhaya debacle as the film had not even taken an opening.[15]
The film opened to highly positive reviews, and became the biggest commercial success of Vijay's career then. Sify appreciated the film for its fast moving screenplay and said as a racy entertainer giving a rating of 3.5/5 stars.[16] Nowrunning.com stated that "Gilli, story wise, is neither fresh popcorn nor spicy samosa found in theaters.. but the screenplay and overall treatment is as fresh and appetizing as full meals after a long day. and gave an overall rating of 3/5 stars[17] Oneindia gave the film 4/5 stars and stated the film as a "Blockbuster".[18] The Hindu stated that "Vijay, the hero whom the masses today identify with, and Prakashraj, the inimitable villain in tow, this remake of the Telugu flick, "Okkadu," comes a clear winner".[19] Indiaglitz called the film that Gilli is an out and out entertainer and commented that "Vijay and Trisha on track with another blockbuster".[4] Rediff stated that, "Don't miss 'Gilli'.[20]
- National award for best dialogue "chellam"
- Filmfare Award for Best Villain – Tamil – Prakash Raj₹
- Filmfare Award for Best Dance Choreographer – South – Raju Sundaram
- Madras Corporate Club Best Actor Award – Vijay
- Dinakaran Best Actor Award – Vijay
- Film Today Best Actor Award – Vijay
- Dinakaran Best Villain Award – Prakash Raj
Remakes & Character Map[edit]
|Okkadu (2003)
|Ghilli (2004)
|Ajay (2006)
|Jor (2008)
|Tevar (2015)
|Mahesh Babu
|Puneeth Rajkumar
|Jeetendra Madnani
|Arjun Kapoor
|Bhumika Chawla
|Trisha Krishnan
|Anuradha Mehta
|Barsa Priyadarshini
|Sonakshi Sinha
- ^ "True Box office Kings ----- Rajinikanth and Shankar". moviecrow.
- ^ Gilli Cast and Crew|Gilli Star Cast|Vijay|Trisha|Prakash Raj|
- ^ Gilli Review|Gilli Tamil Movie Reviews|Gilli Talk & Rating
- ^ a b Gilli Tamil Movie Review – cinema preview stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes
- ^ "An All time Blockbuster -Ghilli". Sify. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ REIGN: VIJAY's GHILLI rocks China
- ^ "Ghilli's record break". Indiaglitz.com. 24 July 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ghilli (DVD): opening credits from 1.05 to 1.25
- ^ a b c d Ghilli (DVD): closing credits from 157.25 to 157.30
- ^ http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/grill-mill/article902519.ece
- ^ http://silverscreen.in/features/rustic-art-the-actor-vimal-interview/
- ^ "Action-packed family drama". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 19 March 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
- ^ "An All time Blockbuster -Ghilli". Sify. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ http://www.cinegoer.net/copycatcrown7.htm
- ^ "An All time Blockbuster -Ghilli". Sify. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ Movie Review:Gilli
- ^ nowrunning.com – Indian Movies, showitmes, reviews, videos – Indian movie portal
- ^ Ghilli – Tamil Movie Reviews, Trailers, Wallpapers, Photos, Cast & Crew, Story & Synopsis – entertainment.oneindia.in. popcorn.oneindia.in
- ^ "Ghilli". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 23 April 2004.
- ^ Don't miss 'Gilli'. You will enjoy it!
External links[edit]
- Ghilli at the Internet Movie Database


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Apr 9, 2012
Photography By: Kenny Cano
Words By: Kenny Cano
Clubloose | Opening Moves (Video)
The forecast was rain, but did that stop the guys over at Clubloose from tearing it up at E-Town? Not at all. Opening Moves is the first event of their tenth year in "Making Drifting Fun". This is the first event for a year that will be something to remember. Enjoy
Keychain (Video)
Keith's super dumped & super cool Honda Accord. Shot in Sin City with special guest Holly Lee.
Mar 29, 2012
Videography By: КВАД Фото-Видео
Words By: Andy Carter
Resto 2103 (Video)
Here's a video that was posted yesterday by Ukranian videographers КВАД Фото-Видео. We love these old Ladas and are excited to bring you some exclusive features of these cars once the snow melts. Stay tuned!
Mar 20, 2012
Videography By: Ethan Watson
Words By: Ethan Watson
Tom Byrne's Simple Honda S2000 (Video)
For me and my experience, I've always been more of a euro automotive guy. It's that combination of engineering and class that just makes that side of the scene usually more appealing. It's a mind set that simplicity can go a long way, and you don't need a mass amount of body work and chrome dipped parts to make a car stand out. Tom Byrne I can safely say, understands this concept of simplicity.
When Tom told me he first bought an S2000 I had mixed feelings. After drifting the stock car out of a chic-fil-a however, my mixed feelings had dispersed. I was hooked. Laughing at the Vtec kick, we started to discuss plans for the new Honda in his life. Me of course concerned he would be going fast and the furious rice status on us. Luckily, that was not the case at all. With simplicity in mind, and months of dedication and work on polishing wheels and saving for hard tops and engine work, I proudly present Tom's Honda S2000 Video.
Mar 14, 2012
Videography By: Loren Haleston
Words By: Loren Haleston
Golden Gardens 2012 (Video)
NW-Built set out to provide an outlet where all types of cars and people could collaborate in one place to expose the diversity of the region. Golden Gardens, WA became the place where over 1200 cars and even more enthusiasts joined together to kick back, have a great time and enjoy the Pacific Northwest automotive scene & atmosphere. Enjoy guys!
Mar 8, 2012
Videography By: Kenny Cano
Words By: Dave Tormey
Luis Alexis' FlossHard Honda Accord (Video)
Last month Luis Alexis reached out Canibeat videographer Kenny Cano about shooting his one of a kind Accord Sedan, so they got together in New York City and made it happen. Luis came out with the car last year and it was one of the many unique chassis on display at First Class Fitment 2011. Since then however he has been hard at work shaving his engine bay and switching out his CCW LM20's for the more simplified CCW LM5's. With so many sedan's going for air suspension over coilovers nowadays it is refreshing to see the lengths Luis has gone to roll so low STATIC on the streets of NYC.
Mar 7, 2012
Photography By: Mike Hyatt
Words By: Josh Wilson
Lurking Monster in the Night: Diogo's AMS Autowerks GT2
Porsche is a brand that people dream about owning from when they are little kids pushing around their hot-wheels to when they are adults pushing around wheels of their own. Their philosophy when it comes to building a performance influenced chassis, has remained true to its original form for the most part, has managed to last decades and has done all this while succeeding even with all the changes that have come, technology wise, through the years.
Mar 4, 2012
Words By: Kenny Cano
A Look Back: Liberty VIP's BLACK II (Video)
Last Year Canibeat videographer Kenny Cano had the pleasure of filming Black II for our good friends over at Liberty VIP. The Show was pure quality featuring some of the best heavy hitters in the east coast VIP Scene. The show was a blast like always and we cant wait for this years Black III in Englishtown, NJ on Octorber 6th. We will have more information on here as the event gets closer. Until then enjoy the video.
Feb 27, 2012
Videography By: AirSociety
Words By: AirSociety
Canibeat X AirSociety X Fast Wheels: Whiteout (Video)
Winter in Montreal can be brutal. We've been known to brave -30°C (-22°F) temperatures with blistering winds and snow so icy it stings your eyes. This harsh world we live in is a perfect environment to test what Tyler Williams' bagged 2011 Subaru STi is made of.
Feb 21, 2012
Videography By: Ethan Watson
Video: The Twins (Honda S2000 & Mazda MX5)
During The Auto Combine in Green Cove Springs, Florida, one of our newest photo/video contributors, Ethan Watson and Southrnfresh's Rion Morse picked out these two cars to shoot a quick video. Dustin Clement's Honda S2000 and Anthony Malesa's MX5. Both static, on polished CCW's and red, the cars complimented each other quite nicely. Enjoy the video!

subset: commoncrawl


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Hamilton, others fight for rural Minnesota in lieu of feeling 'left behind'
ST. PAUL -- House Majority Leader Erin Murphy and Rep. Paul Marquart stood side-by-side Tuesday introducing House Democrats' education funding plan.
Murphy, DFL-St. Paul, praised Marquart's work as education finance chairman: "He has done such a fantastic job."
Indeed, politics can make unexpected allies.
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Our special coverage of the closest race for years
Explore the personal stories of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Activists in Beirut are combating a municipality-backed road project they say will cut through historic neighbourhoods.
18 Oct 2014 10:50 GMT | Politics, Arts & Culture, Middle East, Lebanon
Hundreds of Syrians suspected of involvement in anti-army attacks have been swept up, as refugees call raids 'unjust'.
28 Sep 2014 15:23 GMT | Human Rights, Middle East, Syria, Lebanon, Humanitarian crises
Thousands flee Arsal, as the worst spillover of Syria-related violence in Lebanon pits rebel fighters against the army.
04 Aug 2014 13:15 GMT | Politics, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Middle East
As government casts dragnet for would-be 'terrorists', residents with ties to Syrian rebel groups flee farther north.
Samya Kullab | 21 Jul 2014 12:41 GMT | Politics, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Middle East
Security crackdown continues on suspected "terror" cells in Beirut hotels following central Beirut hotel bombing.
Samya Kullab | 26 Jun 2014 19:48 GMT | Middle East
Lebanon has warned Syrian refugees to avoid returning to their home country or risk losing their refugee status.
Samya Kullab | 06 Jun 2014 10:14 GMT | Middle East
It is a source of sustenance but also of tension and new political realities are now increasing uncertainty.
Egypt, Sudan, Middle East
A media post-mortem into the UK's surveillance report. Plus, why five years on in Argentina the media looks so familiar.
Media, Edward Snowden, Security
The untold story of how the Lebanese community overcame the odds and found their place in multicultural Australia.
Asia Pacific, Australia, Lebanon
How to keep a telenovela profitable and demanding sponsors happy while inspiring the production team to stay passionate.
Arts & Culture, Mexico, Latin America


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Services at AscensionAscension is a welcoming, diverse, and inclusive community of people who gather to proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ, to give praise and thanks to God through the beauty of worship, and to love and serve God and our neighbors.
- Worship Schedule
- Sunday 9am: Holy Eucharist at Side Altar
- Sunday 11am: Holy Eucharist in the Church with sermon, music & choir
- Sunday 7pm: Service of Meditations and Sacrament, including chant, interfaith readings and communion
- Monday – Friday: 6pm at Side Altar
Holy Week and Easter 2015
See the post at left for the complete schedule of services.
We'd like to hear from you!
Service Music
Palm Sunday
March 29, 2015
Prelude and Fugue in G Major
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Hosanna filio David
Gregorian Chant and
Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548-1511)
Anthem at the Distribution of Palms
Chorus from Messiah
George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
Offertory Anthem
Christus factus est
Anton Bruckner (1824-1896)
Communion Motet
Ave Christe (Sung in Latin)
Josquin Desprez (ca. 1440-1521)
Monthly Archives: March 2012
Saturday in the Fifth Week of Lent
In today's Gospel story Bartimaeus, a blind beggar, sits by the road leading out of Jericho. There he hears the commotion of a large crowd approaching and is told that Jesus is coming. He cries out, "Jesus … have mercy on me!" Some in the crowd sternly try to…
Friday in the Fifth Week of Lent
In 2 Corinthians 4 we are told to think about God's light in our hearts shining forth. When we make more and more room for this light by getting rid of the hiding, dishonesty (perhaps most especially…
Thursday in the Fifth Week of Lent
Be free, though you are bound in a body, and for Christ's sake show forth obedience in your freedom. But also be prudent in your simplicity, lest you be plundered. Love humility in all your activities, that you be delivered from…
Posted in Featured, Lenten Devotional Comments Off
Sorel Recital Series
Second recital: Saturday, April 21, at 4pm Amanda Grafton, soprano, Noragh Devlin, mezzo-soprano & Taisiya Pushkar, piano in the Parish Hall, 12 West 11th Street Recital program: Works by Mozart, Handel, Verdi, Rachmaninoff & Puccini The Sorel Salon is a series of fundraising events for Church of the Ascension music programs and has a $20 …
Wednesday in the Fifth Week of Lent
The many sources given to us each day of these Lenten devotions have always caused my mind to boggle, and so after reading each of them over I try to concentrate on two of their thoughts, which are beautiful verse or moral teachings that I can try to remember in my daily life. None of us will be equally moved or uplifted by every word of them, but…
Sorel Recital Series
Saturday, March 10, at 4pm recital program: works by Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Cofalik, Paganini, Ysaye, Liszt, Kreisler, Massenet, Gorecki, and de Sarasate. The Sorel Salon Series is a fundraising Event for Church of the Ascension Music Programs and has a $20 suggested donation. Space is limited, so if possible, please reserve your seats in advance by emailing…
Tuesday in the Fifth Week of Lent
"Who is the Lord that I should heed his voice…?" Pharaoh arrogantly posed this question to Moses and Aaron in the pages of Exodus. Yet one might consider its relevance in our lives today. Throughout the millennia, most of humanity has made their relationship with God at once both ambiguous and ambivalent.
Posted in Blog, Featured, Lenten Devotional 1 Comment
Monday in the Fifth Week of Lent
In today's passage Jesus makes three crucial points. He allows non-disciples to do miracles in His Name declaring: "he who is not against us is for us" and promising a reward to those who help others in His Name; He teaches that whoever desires to be first should be the "servant of all"; and He predicts His death and resurrection. In the first teaching, Jesus states that…
Saturday in the Fourth Week of Lent
Today's scripture readings include one of the most familiar and best-loved passages from the New Testament, 1 Corinthians 13:1-13. Here Paul focuses on the gift of love, its essential role in our lives, and how it supersedes every other admirable quality we might possess, including…
Friday in the Fourth Week of Lent
Paul tells us in I Corinthians that we are "the body of Christ and individually members of it." God has appointed us different roles: apostles, prophets, teachers, forms of leadership, and others. I contemplate this as we move through 2012. We will be saying goodbye…


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Today Bora Bora is world famous as a luxury holiday resort and the island's economy is almost solely driven by tourism. This wasn't always the case as this huge World War II cannon over looking Pofai Bay and the main town of Vaitape. The United States used the island as a military supply base for the South Pacific. There were originally seven artilery guns like this one dotted around the island to protect the base from attack. Over sixty years later much has changed for Bora Bora.
Aerial view of Bora Bora
Flying into this French Polynesia island I wasn't sat in a good seat on the plane. On my way back I asked the flight attendant for a good window seat. The window was pretty dirty but the lagoon and barrier reef from the air is stunning. In this photograph we see the luxury five star overwater villas of the InterContinental Resort. Here we can see the wonderful colour and clarity of the lagoon water.
Cloud Gate reflections
The most reflective sculpture in Chicago was always going to make for a good photographic challenge. After speaking with friends who had been (no pun intended) before I knew it was a popular spot for tourists. So much so that anytime of the day or evening Millennium Park was packed with people. Looking for a more abstract view of Cloud Gate, focusing on the refections of the skyscrapers around it, I got up before dawn to get the place to myself. This photograph was taken from the north side of the Bean to show reflections of the biggest buildings along Randolph Street.
Transamerica Pyramid Skyscraper
Staying three blocks north, I walked past this building a couple of times a day while in San Francisco. The Transamercia Pyramid is the tallest skyscraper in the city, built in 1972 with 48 floors. This was taken one evening on a walk around the China Town area. I was stood on the cross roads Broadway Street looking down Columbus Avenue.
Golden Gate Bridge
Looking down the length of bridges not only gives a new perspective but also a better idea of the size and scale. An example of this is that it's difficult to imagine 227 metre high towers but most of us are more familiar with the size of cars. The Golden Gate Bridge is six lanes wide and carries an average of 110,000 vehicles per day. I came across this view while exploring the western end of the Presidio towards Fort Point Rock. From here we look north along the length of the bridge to Lime Point in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Bridges over the East River
The East River is a tidal straight in New York City that separates Brooklyn from the island of Manhattan. A friend suggested visiting the Skipper's Pierside Cafe down by Pier 15 on the north (Manhattan) side of the river. Unfortunately not only was the cafe closed for referbishment but the security guard on duty wouldn't let me shoot from the deck in front of the cafe. Fortunately just a bit further back from the Brooklyn Bridge is the Pier 15. The above photograph was taken from the end of Pier 15 looking east. Behind the Brooklyn Bridge is the Manhattan Bridge and in the far distance is the Williamsburg Bridge


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The invention is a method applicable to a geologic structure, such as an oil bearing reservoir, defined from available data acquired either through measurements or through analyses and interpretations of seismic data or loggings performed in wells. The invention comprises previous modeling of the boundaries (zone edges, discontinuities or faults for example) by of triangulated surfaces enveloping as far as possible these boundaries and splitting up of the zone studied into blocks having at most six faces, whose faces correspond to discontinuities or main faults of the zone previously triangulated. Each block is thereafter subdivided into a set of elementary cells necessary for modeling the zone by finite elements or differences, by performing a gridding of each of the faces of the block by interpolation from the edges thereof so as to obtain a grid, followed by populating each block with nodes in the thickness thereof, by interpolation from the nodes of the various grids formed on the various faces, these operations being accompanied by particular homogenization procedures in order to readjust the size of the cells within each block according to predetermined rules. The gridded blocks are thereafter reassembled.
1. A method for generating a 3D grid pattern in a volume of a structure of known and a priori imposed geometry defined from data acquired from seismic data or loggings performed in wells through the structure, in order to provide a model representative of the structure, including:
modelling boundaries of the volume by triangulated surfaces, enveloping as far as possible boundaries;
splitting up the volume into blocks having at most six faces, the faces corresponding to discontinuities or main faults of the volume;
generating an intermediate grid with quadrangular meshes between edges of each of the faces by interpolation between determined distributions of points sampled on the edges;
projecting nodes of the quadrangular meshes in a predetermined direction onto the triangulated surfaces, so as to generate face grids;
rearranging positions of the nodes of the face grids by a first relaxation of positions of the nodes according to a predetermined criteria;
populating each block with internal nodes positioned by interpolation between the nodes of the face grids so as to obtain an intermediate 3D grid with a determined distribution of the internal nodes in a volume of each block; and
rearranging positions of the internal nodes by a second relaxation of the positions thereof according to a determined criteria.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first relaxation includes at least one relaxation-projection stage.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second relaxation includes at least one relaxation stage.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising selecting the predetermined direction of projection as a direction perpendicular to each intermediate 3D grid.
5. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising using a transfinite type interpolation mode.
6. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising generating intermediate grids with regular grid patterns.
7. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising generating the intermediate grids so as to obtain a predetermined mode of progression of size.
8. A method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising reassembling all of the blocks.
9. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising selecting the predetermined direction of projection as a direction perpendicular to each intermediate 3D grid.
10. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising using a transfinite type interpolation mode.
11. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising generating intermediate grids with regular grid patterns.
12. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising generating the intermediate grids so as to obtain a predetermined mode of progression of size.
13. A method as claimed in claim 2, further comprising reassembling all of the blocks.
14. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising selecting the predetermined direction of projection as a direction perpendicular to each intermediate 3D grid.
15. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising using a transfinite type interpolation mode.
16. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising generating intermediate grids with regular grid patterns.
17. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising generating the intermediate grids so as to obtain a predetermined mode of progression of size.
18. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising reassembling all of the blocks.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for generating a 3D-grid pattern in order to model any body whose geometry is known and imposed a priori, such as for example a geologic structure, by taking its geometry accurately into account in all its natural complexity. The gridding is in the case of a geologic structure, with the position of the interfaces between the layers, with the faults, even of complex shape, the pinchouts and other structure irregularities, achieved by representing them with their real conformation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Modeling of a geologic structure is achieved from a set of available data acquired either during measurements or through analyses and interpretations of seismic data or loggings performed in wells. These data take the form of a cluster of points between which a grid pattern has to be installed. The formation of a 3D-grid pattern plays a crucial part for numerical simulations in various geologic applications. A significant amount of research has been carried out into this subject, mainly in reservoir engineering because of its applications in the petroleum field.
There are many well-known 3D-gridding techniques for numerical simulations by finite elements or differences and sets of simulation softwares created for the implementation thereof, that are suited to applications and meet predetermined constraints.
It is well-known for some applications to use non-structured tetrahedral type grid patterns. It is also well-known to achieve a hexahedral skin or surface gridding and to distribute points in the grid pattern either by transfinite interpolation or by solving partial differential equations. The surfaces are generally created from parametric functions and the grid points are simply obtained by sampling these functions. Such a method is generally not suitable for geoscience applications where the volumes to be modeled most often have very complex shapes difficult to render with parametric functions in view of the precision desired. Complex shapes are therefore preferably approached by means of triangulated surface elements.
Various gridding techniques applied to reservoir modeling are described for example in:
Georges P. L.: "Generation Automatique de Maillages", Editions Masson, 1991;
Guerillot D. R. et al: An interactive 3D Mesh Builder for Fluid Flow Reservoir Simulation, in SPE - Computer Applications, Dec. 1993;
Aziz K.: Reservoir Simulation Grids : Opportunities and Problems, SPE - JPT, July 1993, or
Heineman Z. E. et al: Gridding Techniques in Reservoir Simulation, Intl Forum on Reservoir Simulation, Alpbach Austria, Sep. 12-16, 1988.
However, most of the well-known gridding techniques and therefore the resulting simulations are suitable only for modeling relatively simple geologic structures. The geologic irregularities common in modeled reservoir zones, such as layers having great thickness variations, faults or pinchouts, are rarely taken into account or only in a greatly simplified way. In gridded models obtained within the scope of geosciences, the faults appear vertically; at best, they are inclined and plane. Now, it is important to render accurately the 3D geometry of the sediments since they have their own physical characteristics, as well as the geometry of the faults and other mechanical discontinuities.
The method according to the invention allows generation of a 3D-grid pattern matching the geometry of a zone of a complex environment whose geometry is known and imposed a priori, such as a geologic structure, in order to achieve a model representative of this environment. The structure is defined from available data acquired either by measurements or by analyses and interpretations of seismic data or loggings achieved in wells. It comprises previous modeling of the boundaries (zone edges, discontinuities or faults for example) by means of triangulated surfaces, enveloping as far as possible these boundaries, and splitting up of the zone studied into blocks having at most six faces, whose faces correspond to discontinuities or main faults of the zone previously triangulated.
The method of the invention comprises
subdividing each block into a set of elementary cells necessary to model the zone by finite elements, through a 3D reticulation of each of the various blocks obtained, a subdivision that includes:
a) gridding of each of the faces of the block by interpolation from the edges thereof, so as to create an intermediate grid, followed by a projection on the triangulated surface of the nodes of this intermediate grid in a predetermined direction (perpendicular to itself for example);
b) populating each block with grid nodes in the thickness thereof, by means of an interpolation method from the nodes of the various grids formed on the various triangulated faces of each block, and
c) rearrangement in the positioning of the nodes of the elementary cells created, obtained (generally iteratively) by relaxation in the positioning of the nodes, according to predetermined criteria such as the regularity, the selection of the relative size of the various cells and the mode of progression of the size thereof, the direction of projection, etc.
Each block being thus reticulated in 3D, all of the blocks can be reassembled or restacked.
It is possible to perform successively a first operation of relaxation in the positioning of the nodes on each of the various triangulated faces, populating with internal nodes being carried out from the relaxed grids, then a second operation of relaxation in the positioning of these internal nodes.
The first relaxation operation is preferably performed by means of iterative relaxation-projection stages.
The method according to the invention allows the obtaining of a model that matches very accurately the often complex geometry of geologic structures such as oil-bearing fields, so that the simulations that can be performed from this model take into account the phenomena more accurately. The method used also allows to saving a significant amount of calculating time for achieving 3D gridding operations that are usually very long with the existing methods.
The method according to the invention has applications notably for modeling in rock mechanics, for the characterization of reservoirs, sediment layers, stratigraphy, and also for the simulation of flows in basins and reservoirs.
Other features and advantages of the method according to the invention will be clear from reading the description hereafter of embodiments given by way of non limitative examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 show examples of relaxation-projection on a 4�4 surface grid pattern,
FIG. 3 shows a deformed cube with triangulated faces,
FIG. 4 shows the external envelope of a meshed cube,
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the internal surfaces of a gridded cube respectively before and after relaxation,
FIG. 7 shows curves taken from five profiles of a geologic structure of very large size, on which the method according to the invention was tested, which constitute part of the initial data available on this structure,
FIG. 8 shows other initial data on the same structure, in this case isobath maps and the locations of 4 wells,
FIG. 9 shows a surface modeling (based on triangulated surfaces) of the geologic structure studied,
FIG. 10 shows an example of division of the structure into blocks,
FIG. 11 shows the result of a block by block gridding of the external envelope of the geologic structure,
FIG. 12 shows the result of a block by block gridding of the internal surfaces of the geologic structure,
FIG. 13 illustrates by way of example how a pinchout is taken into account in the gridding of the geologic structure,
FIG. 14 illustrates by way of example how a fault is taken into account in the gridding of the geologic structure,
FIG. 15 illustrates Coons' 2D interpolation method,
FIG. 16 shows the elements that are taken into account in Coons' 3D interpolation method, and
FIG. 17 illustrates the mode of relaxation-projection of the grid nodes.
The large-size geologic structure illustrated by FIGS. 7-10 corresponds to an anticlinal dome comprising six interfaces between sediments.
The 3D gridding by finite elements of a zone from a set of initial data known for the zone : interfaces between various layers or horizons, main faults, and contour maps with well locations is performed by means of a succession of stages that are described hereafter.
I - Modeling of the boundaries or edges of the zone studied and of the main discontinuities thereof
The surfaces: edges, interfaces, faults, are modeled by using a well-known specialized software such as GOCAD (registered trademark) in the form of a continuous juxtaposition of triangular surface elements. At first, a rough shape matching as far as possible the initial data is achieved. The vertices of the surface are shifted iteratively by using an interpolation software and the triangular surface elements are locally densified so as to apply as closely as possible the surface onto the pattern of points (input data). The surface elements thus created generally do not join up as they should : the interfaces are not limited to the intersections and to the edge of the field of study and they may intersect while extending beyond. The lines of interception between surfaces are then calculated and the latter are limited to the intersection curves. FIG. 7 shows the final result of this modeling of the boundaries of the structure and it should be noted that most of the triangles of the triangulated surfaces of the pinchout are localized in areas of great curvature.
At this stage, it is not yet possible to produce a 3D grid pattern taking account of the geologic and numerical constraints. To that effect, the zone has to be split up.
II - Splitting up of the zone studied
The zone is first divided into macroblocks having at most six faces. These are generally blocks of hexahedral shape (six faces), but the number of faces can be less than six and brought down to two. In this case, for the purpose of the method, the block is still considered to be a hexahedral block but with degenerate faces (reduced to a point or to a curve). The splitting mode is generally suggested by the geometry of the horizons, of the main faults and their interaction. To form these 3D macroblocks, artificial boundaries are sometimes needed. This is necessary for example when a block has more than six natural faces and therefore does not satisfy the selected rule according to which it must be at most hexahedral. In such a case, two faces are gathered into a complex face to satisfy the criterion, or artificial cutting surfaces are introduced.
An example of splitting up the geologic structure studied in macroblocks is shown in FIG. 10, where the fault has been extrapolated up to the structure boundary and the intersection of the pinchout has been vertically projected onto the other surfaces.
III - Gridding
A 3D reticulation or gridding of each of these macroblocks is separately achieved so as to subdivide it into elementary blocks that will form the cells for the desired finite element modeling. This operation is achieved in two stages.
1) Gridding of the faces
a) a grid is first created on each of the five or six faces of each macroblock. To that effect, an intermediate grid is formed by interpolation from the four edges of the face, by using Coons' transfinite interpolation method whose principle is described hereafter.
Given four parametric curves f1(u), f2(u), g1(v) and g2(v) (0≦u, v≦1) defining four contiguous edges (FIG. 15), a formula is introduced to calculate the tightest surface passing through the four edges (that interpolates these edges):
S(u,v)=(1-u)g1(v)+ug2(v)+(1-v)f1(u)+vf2(u)- (1-u)(1-v)P(0,0)+(1-u)vP(0,1)+u(1-v)P(1,0)+uvP(1,1)! (1)
Vertices P(i,j) are the four comers of the surface.
A regular N�M gridding of this surface can then be obtained by simple sampling by taking as the vertices the points S(i,j) corresponding to ui=i/(N-1), vj=j/(M-1), i=0 to N-1, j=0 to M-1. Formula 1 restricted to the grid points becomes ##EQU1##
In the case illustrated, curves f1, f2, g1, g2 are obtained from the aforementioned software GOCAD and they are thus broken lines. In order to obtain a regular M�N gridding, curves f1 and f2 are regularly sampled (in curvilinear abscissa or segment length) in N points and curves g1, g2 in M points, then formula (2) is applied. It is also possible to obtain a gridding with a geometric progression in each direction, simply by imposing this constraint when resampling the curves.
Allowing for exceptions, this intermediate gridding is not suitable because there is no reason for it to coincide at this stage with the surface that has been previously triangulated by the surfacing software. The necessary adjustment consists in projecting the nodes of the intermediate grid onto the triangulated surface orthogonally to the latter, or in other directions, so as to obtain a new grid with nodes placed on the triangulated surface. When the four boundary curves are regularly sampled, Coons' interpolation method has the advantage of producing a regular grid insofar as all the segments sampled have the same length on each isoparametric curve. More generally, Coons' method preserves the size ratios between consecutive elements in a given direction. This allows for example to have regular grid patterns or grid patterns observing certain progressions in the size of the grids. However, the grid obtained by means of this well-known method loses its regularity (or the criterion sought) when projected onto the triangulated surface.
2) Rearrangement of the face nodes
In order to find the desired criterion in the distribution of the nodes of the projected grid, a satisfactory regularity for example, the nodes of the grid pattern have to be shifted on the triangulated surface. To that effect, a relaxation-projection of the grid is performed by means of successive adjustments as indicated hereafter (in cases where the criterion is regularity) in connection with FIGS. 1, 2.
Given a gridded block, the aim of this relaxation is to make its gridding as regular as possible, i.e. any isoparametric curve of the grid pattern is regularly sampled. To that effect, any point of the grid pattern is iteratively shifted so as to position it as much as possible at an equal distance from its two neighbours in each of the three neighbouring directions (u, v, w). Let P be the point to be shifted. For each direction i, (i=u, v, w) (FIG. 17), we find the point Pi that is at an equal distance from the two neighbours of P on the curve of direction i, (i=u, v, w). Point P is then replaced by the barycenter of the three points Pi (i=u, v, w).
After shifting all the points of the grid pattern in that way, the latter are no longer on the triangulated surface. They are then again projected onto the triangulated surface and the relaxation-projection process is repeated until the desired regularity is obtained.
This is illustrated by the example of FIGS. 1, 2 corresponding to a face of the deformed cube of FIG. 3, which is a synthetic example clearly illustrating the various stages of the method. This surface was obtained by simple deformation of a square face by preserving its edges (the edge of the surface remains a square). Three 4�4 grid patterns can be seen in these figures. The first one is a flat grid pattern resulting from the Coons' interpolation applied to the four edges (forming a square). The second is a fine grid pattern whose nodes are obtained by projection of those of the first grid pattern. It can be seen that this grid pattern has lost its regularity. The third is the regular grid pattern in thick line whose nodes are on the surface. It has been obtained from the second grid pattern after a series of projections and relaxations. FIG. 4 shows the result of these operations applied to all of the faces of the deformed cube.
3) Populating each block with grid nodes in the thickness thereof:
In order to extend in depth the grids formed on the faces of the blocks (FIG. 5), a volume generalization of the previous transfinite interpolation method is used.
Given 12 parametric curves f1(u), f2(u), f3(u), f4(u), g1(v), g2(v), g3(v), g4(v), h1(w), h2(w), h3(w), h4(w) (0≦u, v, w≦1) defining the 12 edges of a block such as that shown in FIG. 16, a generalization of Coons' formula provides a volume parametrization within the block. Coons' formula applied to volumes is as follows ##EQU2## with ##EQU3##
The vertices P(i,j,k) (i,j,k=0 or 1 in FIG. 16) are the 8 corners of the block.
Combining equations (1) and (3) leads to an expression of Coons' formula in the case of volumes as a function of the 6 edge surfaces of the block, S1(u,w), S2(u,w), S3(v,w), S4(v,w), S5(u,v), S6(u,v). But here the surfaces are also supposed to be obtained by Coons' interpolation from their edge curves. The formula is as follows ##EQU4## Any sampling of V(u,v,w) then provides a EF gridding of the block.
This depth interpolation would give a regular distribution of the nodes if it was applied from the nodes of the grids formed on the various faces of the block. This is not the case and the distribution obtained is generally irregular because the depth interpolation method is applied to the nodes transferred by relaxation onto the triangulated surfaces, as described in stage 2 above.
4) Rearrangement of the block nodes
Thus, in order to recover a sufficient regularity (or to comply with another selected criterion), the method according to the invention also comprises a relaxation of the 3D grid as described above. FIGS. 5, 6 show the inner grid pattern of the deformed cube before and after relaxation. It can be noted that the grid pattern of FIG. 6 has a much higher regularity than the grid pattern of FIG. 5.
When each of the previous blocks of the structure studied has been properly gridded in volume, all these macroblocks are reassembled after the 3D reticulation thereof.
The method that has been described can be used for the gridding of various heterogeneities such as a channel or for the radial gridding of a deviated well.
Embodiments of the method applied to the gridding of a geologic structure have been described. However, without departing from the scope of the invention, the method can also be used for the gridding of any body or structure whose geometry is known and imposed a priori.
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To try the thousands of add-ons available here, download Mozilla Firefox, a fast, free way to surf the Web!Close
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Residents of Muthukrishnapuram stage road roko
Tuticorin: An encroachment drive began on Tuesday in view of desilting works being taken up for the execution of the much-awaited Buckle Canal at an estimated cost of Rs. 6.98 crore.
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A bhoomi puja was performed by the Minister for Social Welfare, P. Geetha Jeevan, on January, 16, 2009.
The first phase of work was expected to be completed by December, 2009.


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Abstract available in
Claims available in
Description (OCR text may contain errors)
Dec. 20, 1966 c CHIASERA ET AL CONTAINER AND LOADER FOR CAP EXPLOSIVE CAPSULES Filed Jan. 28, 1965 5 Sheets-Sheet l 6b "1- 2 23 b n 23 22 25 Dec. 20, 1966 c CWASERA ET AL 3,292,293
CONTAINER AND LOADEU FOi'! CAP EXPLOSIVE CAPSULES Filed Jan. 28, 1965 :5 Sheets-Sheet i,
Fig-12 Dec. 20, 1966 c CH|ASERA ET AL 3,292,293
CONTAINER AND LOADEH FOR CAP EXILOSIVE CAPSULES Filed. Jan. 28, 1965 L; Sheets-Sheet 13 United States Patent 3,292,293 CONTAINER AND LUADER FOR CAP EXPLOSIVE CAPSULES Carlo Chiasera and Giuseppe Pochintesta, Milan, and Giampiero Ferri, Via Stoppard 38, and .lori Marinai, "ia Stoppani 29, Fiorence, Italy, assignors to Giampiero Ferri and .llori Marinai, both of Florence, Italy Filed Jan. 28, 1965, Ser. No. 428,776 Ciaims priority, application Italy, Feb. 1, 1964, 2,230/64; Nov. 28, 1964, 26,237/64 4 Claims. (Cl. 42-49) The invention has as its object an explosive cup capsule loader and container with which it is possible to keep the single capsules in an abutting position in order to thus insert each expelled capsule in a seat of the toy weapon without any necessity of seizing it or acting thereon with the fingers.
An explosive cup capsule loader and container according to the invention substantially includes, in correspondence of an exit orifice of the capsules, a pair of opposite retaining elastic edges forming guide rails, between which a capsule is inserted and retained to be subsequently urged in a direction orthogonal to the guide rails to be inserted in the seat of the toy weapon; means being provided to deliver the single capsules and insert them between said edges.
Advantageously in correspondence of said capsule exit orifice there is provided a mouth with a thrust wall and two opposite retaining elastic edges, between which a capsule is inserted and retained with its bottom contacting said wall, in such a manner that the capsule projects from said edges and may be thrusted in a seat of the toy weapon, through the action of the thrust wall.
More in detail, said container includes a capsule-confining chamber in which the capsules are arranged with a predetermined orientation so that the capsules one by one can enter an expulsion passage; an extension external to the box is provided communicating with said expulsion passage and said extension is formed by a wall in the same plane with the capsule bottom which is located in the expulsion passage, and by two retaining edges which flank said wall and which are designed to clamp the cylindrical wall of a capsule adjacent the bottom thereof, to retain it by friction; an expelling unit is slidably housed in an appropriate seat to be capable of acting on the capsule located in the expulsion position, to urge it in the direction of said stopping edges and between them towards the end of the extension; the capsule thus expelled may be then inserted by operating the container in such a manner that the same capsule-retained betwen said edgesmay be urged within the seat of the weapon by the extension wall which acts on the capsule bottom.
Advantageously the retaining edges are provided with internal corners, inclined towards each other, to resiliently retain the capsule by frictional contact on the zone of the cylindrical wall which is adjacent the capsule bottom; the initial portion of said corners retains the capsule which is located in the expulsion passage from a spontaneous exit, until it is urged by the pusher or expelling unit between said edges.
The slidable expeller is preferably provided with a laminar thrust wall which is substantially parallel to the capsule bottom and which acts for the expulsion on the cylindrical wall of the capsule adjacently the bottom thereof, in such a manner as not to obstruct the approaching of the box extension against the member of the weapon in which the capsule seats are made.
The description which follows and the accompanying drawings illustrate some embodiments of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective lateral view of a container made according to the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a detail in perspective view showing an extension for the insertion of the capsules in the weapon seats;
FIG. 3 illustrates a partial longitudinal section of the container zone, housing the expeller with a capsule in the expulsion position;
FIG. 4 illustrates a section taken along the line IV- IV of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 3 but illustrates the members in the arrangement of an expelled capsule and in the position for the insertion in the seat;
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate views and partial sections taken along the lines VIVI and VIIVII of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 illustrates a modified form of embodiment of a container according to the invention, in a lateral perspective view;
FIG. 9 illustrates a detail in a perspective view;
FIG. 10 illustrates a partly sectioned lateral view;
FIG. 11 illustrates a longitudinal section taken along the line XI-XI of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 illustrates a view taken along the line XII XII of FIG. 8;
FIG. 13 illustrates another embodiment according to the invention, perspectively shown in the rest position;
FIG. 14 shows the same device in an intermediate operative position;
FIG. 15 illustrates the device of FIG. 13 in the position of the extracted capsule.
According to what is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and with particular reference to FIGS 1 to 7, 21 denotes a capsule container having a capsule-confining chamber which is designed to contain the capsules in such a manner that they are fed subsequently and one by one into a position as indicated by C in FIG. 3, that is, with the axes of the capsules parallel to the larger walls of the box and to the smaller sides of the rectangular development of the flat box. The box container is furthermore provided with an elongated seat 22 and flanking one of the larger sides of the rectangular development of the flat container, in which seat an expeller 23 is capable of sliding. Said expeller is provided with an actuator 23a which projects from a slot 24 cut in one of the larger walls of the box, and said expeller is stressed by a spring 25 in the direction of the arrow f and the stroke is restricted by the length the slot 24. The expeller 23 is provided also with an extending finger 23b which is in sliding engagement with Wall 21a dividing the capsules container and the seat 22. Substantially coaxial with the aforesaid partition wall a delivery extension 26 is provided outwardly from the box. Said extension 26 has a wall 26a flanked by two edges 26b, having internally inclined corners one towards the other. The capsules in the position C are located and passed in a bore 27 which serves to allow the passage of the capsules C into the expulsion position C in which a capule is located with the bottom adjacent the partition Wall between the seat 22 and the capsules container, and thus adjacent the geometric plane in which the wall 260 is located; the capsule C may be urged from this position in the direction of the arrow f by finger 23b, to be inserted between the edges 26b, to the position indicated by C in FIG. 5; in said position, the capsule C is located towards the end of delivery extension 26 and projecting from the wall 26a, being retained by the corners of the edges 26]), which act on the lateral cylindrical wall, adjacent the bottom of the same capsule. It is to be noted that the slight forcing of the capsule between the corners of the edges 26b assures the retaining of the capsule by means of the same edges. Said position C is easily defined by the same expeller assembly, whose travel is restricted by the length of slot 24. In the position C the capsule is capable of being inserted in the toy weapon without any need of removing it with the hand or touching it. In fact, by means of the operation of the container assembly, the capsule C ma} be located in the chamber provided for the capsule in the toy weapon (see FIG. and be inserted therein by action of the thrust imparted by the wall 26a in the direction indicated by the arrow f of FIG. 5, in the axial direction with respect to the capsule C After this operation, the capsule is sufficiently inserted in the chamber of the toy weapon so that it may be retained also when the delivering container assembly is moved in the direction of the arrow f of FIG. 5, in such a manner as to completely withdraw the capsule from the edges 26b.
The spring 25 stresses the expulsion in the direction of the arrow f until one does not act with the hand on actuator 23a to move the lock in the direction opposite the arrow f against the action of the spring 25; therefore, the same expeller 23, with the finger 23b wedged between the edges 26b, forms the lock for the bore 27, so as to prevent the exit of a capsule. On the other side, the presence of the projecting corners of the edges 26b to adjacently the bore 27, assures that a capsule located in the position C does not come out spontaneously from its expulsion seat until it has been urged by finger 23b of the expeller 23; said expulsion operation may be effected by the same spring 25 which is re-slackened when the operating extension 23a is abandoned, or it may be efiected by hand, in the case in which the spring 25 is eliminated or it is a pulling spring. In any case, the thrust of the expeller brings the capsule into the position C and not over.
According to the variation shown in FIGS 8 to 12, the arrangement is substantially equivalent to that previously described, with the only variation that the thrust wall of the extension for the insertion of the capsule is arranged parallel, in this case, to the main walls of the flat box.
The box 71, developed as a flat,table, is provided with an extension in a corner, generally indicated by 72 and formed by a wall 72a which is thus developed as an extension of one of the main walls of the box, and is flanked by two edges 72]), whose corners are inclined one towards the other as in the preceding case. The extension 72 is substantially coaxial with seat 73 which is parallel to one of the larger sides of the flat box and containing an expeller 74; said expeller is provided with finger 74a which is located adjacent the plane of the wall 72a and furthermore is provided with an actuator 74!) for the operation of the expeller, which actuator is extended in a slot 75 cut in the box wall; a spring 76 acts on the ex peller against the action of the manual control.
The arrangement dilfers from the preceding case also for the position which the capsules assume in the con tainer and thus in the expeller seat, as the capsules are located with the axes transverse to the main wall of the flat box. C indicates the position of the capsule which is ready to be expelled and which has passed from the container into said position through a passage 77. The capsule C may be urged from the extension 74a into between the edges 72b, in such a manner that the inclined corners thereof are forced on the capsule cylindrical wall, to retain it adjacently the bottom thereof. The capsule after the expulsion is located in the position indicated by C in which position the capsule may be inserted in the seat provided in the weapon for the same capsule, firstly with a thrust according to the arrow 12; operated with the wall 72a in such a manner as to sufficiently insert the capsule into the seat so that it is retained by the same seat and by the socket thereof; subsequently the container is moved in the direction of the arrow in such a manner as to extract the capsule from the edges 72b.
According to the embodiment of FIGS. 13 to 15, 81 denotes any container, with a closing lid 82, having a rectangular contour, however suitable to accomodate a certain amount of capsules 83, one located side by side of the other. Parallel to one of the sides of the container 81 there is located a blade or finger 84- having an appropriate thickness, aligned substantially coaxial with the center line of an opening 85 laterally cut in the container 81, with such sizes as to allow the passage of a single capsule each time.
This blade is integral to a runner or slider 86, slidable along one of the sides of the container, having a knurled surface 87 and rearly provided with a spring 88 designed to urge said slider towards the rest position (FIG. 13).
Exerting with the finger of the hand a thrust on the slider 86, making it go back to bring it into the position of FIG. 14, a capsule 83a is caused to be located in the centre of the opening 85; the capsule is moved to the end of the rails 89 and 90, extended in direction of the opening 85, as soon as the slider 85 is left to the action of the thrust action exerted by the aforesaid spring 88, this spring being rearly located to the slider and re-acting against any stationary postion of the device.
The capsule in the position indicated by 83a in FIG. 15 may be then easily introduced into the seat of a toy weapon, exerting an axial thrust (with respect to the capsule) with a finger.
It is intended that the drawings only illustrate an embodiment given only as a practical demonstration of the invention, said invention being in conditions as to be varied in the forms and arrangements without however departing from the scope of the concept which informs said invention.
What we claim is:
1. A container and loader for cap explosive capsules having a substantially cylindrical wall configuration and a bottom, said container and loader comprising: a capsule-confining chamber for holding capsules in predetermined orientation, an exit orifice communicating with said chamber through which capsules may be fed one at a time, a delivery extension communicating with said orifice and projecting outwardly of said container said delivery extension having a top wall separating a pair of side edges between which a capsule is delivered, the distance between said side edges being such that a capsule delivered along its bottom thereto against the top Wall is frictionally supported by said side edges, a sliding member and a longitudinal seat in which said member is slidably supported associated with said container, said sliding member and seat being substantially coaxial with said delivery extension, and means by which said sliding member may be manually actuated such that a capsule fed through the orifice may be moved by said sliding member to the delivery extension between the gripping edges thereof preliminary to the loading of said capsule in a toy weapon.
2. The container and loader of claim 1, wherein the sliding member includes spring biasing means for urging it past the exit orifice to between the edges of the delivery extension.
3. The container and loader of claim 2, wherein the sliding member includes a finger which extends towards the exit orifice of the container, said finger extending into the delivery extension when the sliding member is actuated to deliver a capsule to the delivery extension.
4. The container and loader of claim 1, wherein the side edges of the delivery extension are resilient and define corners which are internally inclined one towards the other, whereby to retain the capsule frictionally there between during delivery.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,625,925 1/1953 Osborne 221267 X 3,009,155 11/1961 Leniz 221267 X 3,018,921 1/1962 Hermanson 221-267 X BENJAMIN A. BORCHELT, Primary Examiner.
R. V. LOTTMANN, Assistant Examiner.
Patent Citations
Referenced by
Original Image


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TOKYO SHOW: Thailand to build small BMW SUV
By just-auto.com editorial team | 19 October 2005
BMW's Thai plant would start to assemble the X3 SUV early next year, at first for the domestic market but perhaps later for export, BMW AG CEO Helmut Panke said at the Tokyo Motor Show on Wednesday.
According to Reuters, BMW expects sales in Asia to break the 100,000-vehicle mark this year after sales reached 81,000 in the first nine months.
Hitting 100,000 would be up from 95,000 retail sales in Asia last year and keep the group well on the way to boosting annual sales in the region to 150,000 by 2008, he reportedly said.
In all, BMW expects group sales to reach 1.4 million units around the world by 2008, up from around 1.3 million this year, Reuters added.
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