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AMERICAN SAMOA BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES REPORT PREPARED FOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF INSULAR AFFAIRS ADAM STEIN – SEPTEMBER 2004 UPDATED BY RICK TURNER – JULY 2007 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by MBA students, or recent graduates, to disseminate information on American Samoa for the purposes of the 2007 Business Opportunities Conference sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs. The views and recommendations contained in this document, however, are solely those of its author and not the U.S. Government or any agency or officer thereof. Those intending to initiate ventures in this location are advised to conduct independent due diligence. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 3 Geography....................................................................................................................... 3 Economy ......................................................................................................................... 4 Society............................................................................................................................. 5 Governance ..................................................................................................................... 6 INVESTMENT CLIMATE ................................................................................................ 6 Potential for Trade .......................................................................................................... 6 Assets .............................................................................................................................. 6 Incentives ........................................................................................................................ 7 Infrastructure................................................................................................................... 8 OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH .................................................................................. 9 Growth Industries............................................................................................................ 9 Local Resources ............................................................................................................ 10 Agricultural Products .................................................................................................... 11 Port Facilities ................................................................................................................ 12 Marina Development .................................................................................................... 13 Proposed New International Ferry Dock and Marina at Malaloa ................................. 14 Airfreight....................................................................................................................... 15 Telecommunications & Information Technology......................................................... 16 Alternative Energy ........................................................................................................ 17 Tourism Development .................................................................................................. 18 FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES ........................................................................................ 20 Manufacturing............................................................................................................... 20 Sales and Distribution ................................................................................................... 20 Infrastructure................................................................................................................. 21 Tourism ......................................................................................................................... 21 Export............................................................................................................................ 22 APPENDIX....................................................................................................................... 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................. 37 References..................................................................................................................... 37 Acknowledgments......................................................................................................... 37 American Samoa i Business Opportunities Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ECUTIVE SUMMARY Tuna canneries have long been the driving force in American Samoa's economy. They employ a third of the available labor, and account for much of the secondary employment. In their more than four decades of operation, the canneries have brought income to American Samoa; and have driven the development of an infrastructure that is among the best in the Pacific. Now American Samoa is looking beyond the canneries, seeking to diversify its economy away from its current narrow base. Although American Samoa faces the same difficulties of size and geography that confront many island economies, it has a rich set of assets to draw on as it explores new avenues for growth. Chief among those assets is a robust telecommunications infrastructure that is helping to shrink the distance between American Samoa and its major trading partners on the United States (U.S.) mainland and elsewhere. High-speed internet connects businesses both on- and off-island. Forward-thinking initiatives have supplied the American Samoa with advanced capabilities such as teleconferencing and distance learning facilities. Other advantages include: • Reliable and affordable power, water, and waste disposal. • An educated, English-speaking population. • A stable government and a legal framework based on the U.S. rule of law. American Samoa offers several areas for potential investments. • Local resources. American Samoa sits among the most abundant fishing grounds in the world. Numerous markets for high-quality fish exports are waiting to be tapped. There is also a push to expand local agriculture and hydroponics to supply both local needs and regional markets. • E-Commerce, distance learning and technical support services. As demand grows for advanced vocational skills, technology will play a crucial role in educating the future of American Samoa. The new connections to the global submarine fiber optic cable network will ensure American Samoa's future as a center for advanced technology services. • Marina Development. Pago Pago Harbor is known in world yachting communities as a safe haven during the hurricane season. The development of a first class marina will create increased traffic and attract high end visitors to American Samoa for extended periods. Local charter boat services will have an excellent place to promote their expeditions and support the tourism industry. • Alternative energy. Long an energy innovator, American Samoa is looking to alternative sources of power as diesel costs and transportation costs continue to rise. • Tourism development. Land is a precious commodity in American Samoa, and proper development of hotels and retail spaces is essential to economic growth. • Transportation and Transshipment. American Samoa is blessed with one of the best deep-water harbors in the world, and the Pago Pago International Airport's facilities make it ideal to become a hub for transshipment. American Samoa 1 Business Opportunities Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY American Samoa seeks partners in its future growth: investors who can bring much- needed capital to provide new investment and employment opportunities for its people; operational experts who bring specialized skills to the management of American Samoa's increasingly sophisticated private sector; foreign corporations who seek to expand in a dynamic region of the world; and contractors to help implement American Samoa's new economic vision. American Samoa 2 Business Opportunities Report BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Geography American Samoa is comprised of five islands and two coral atolls with a total land area of 76 square miles. Located in the tropics roughly halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand, American Samoa is the only U.S. territory south of the Equator. Tutuila Island Tutuila is American Samoa's largest island, the center of all administrative and economic activity, and home to over 90% of American Samoa's population of 65,500. Steep but picturesque mountains cover most of Tutuila's 56 square miles. Pago Pago harbor, one of the deepest and most sheltered harbors in the Pacific, is located on Tutuila. Also on the island are an exceptionally beautiful national park, the highly acclaimed national marine sanctuary of Fagatele Bay, and the world's largest tuna canning facility, Starkist Samoa. Manu'a Islands Approximately 1,379 people live on the narrow coastal fringes of Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u, which together comprise the Manu'a island group. The pristine landscape and serenity make these islands a highly desirable vacation destination, although remoteness and lack of infrastructure have led to underdevelopment of the tourist industry. Aunu'u, Swains Island & Rose Island With small populations and minimal infrastructure, these remote islands and atolls are unequipped to support significant economic activity. American Samoa 3 Business Opportunities Report BACKGROUND Economy Key Economic Statistics Population 65,500 Estimated Gross Island Product $510 million Total Labor Force 17,664 % of Tuna Exports 60% Total Employment 17,344 % of Government Revenues 30% Private Sector 11,280 % Other 10% Local Government 6,064 Estimated GIP Per Capita $8,000 Imports $ 553 million Unemployment Rate 10.5% Exports $ 374 million Sources: American Samoa Statistical Yearbook 2005. Statistics are most recent available. The growth rate of the population has steadied at approximately 2% in recent years (based on 10-year averages). Although the territory has kept pace with mainland U.S. inflation rates (approximately 2%), real income has not grown at the same rate. Per capita income estimates in 2000 showed American Samoa at approximately $4,357. The median age in the Territory is 22.4 years; 33 years is the median in the mainland U.S. Estimates from the most recent census data show that over 50% of the population of the Territory is below the age of 24, suggesting an immediate need for substantial developments in health, education, and employment services in the Territory. With appropriate educational and vocational training programs, American Samoa has high potential for skilled labor. As recently as 2002, it was estimated that roughly 80% of American Samoa's private sector was based directly or indirectly on canned tuna exports. The tourism industry, miscellaneous private sector interests, and federal grants accounted for the remainder. The American Samoa Government (ASG) and the tuna canneries together employ nearly two-thirds of the available labor and account for most of the secondary employment in the Territory through their expenditures. The ASG has historically operated at an average budget deficit of nearly $34.5 million, with an annual budget of approximately $140 million and revenues in the range of $105 million. The Territory's debt is estimated at around $18-24 million as of 2002. In response to U.S. Congressional concerns and under the auspices of American Samoa's new administration, the government is in the process of implementing a Fiscal Reform Package to reduce this debt. American Samoa 4 Business Opportunities Report BACKGROUND With recent advances in technology and other related infrastructure, the economy is primed for substantial growth and diversification with the appropriate infusion of financial and intellectual capital. Society American Samoans are among the last remaining true Polynesians. Despite the strong influence of Western industrial culture, ethnic Samoan culture – 'fa'a samoa' – remains robust and pervades nearly every aspect of Samoan social and cultural life. Most people are bilingual in English and Samoan. The basic unit of the Samoan society is the 'aiga' (the family or extended family), headed by a 'matai,' or chief. The culture also recognizes the village and the church as predominant organizations that influence personal and communal activities. At the county and district level, village chiefs deliberate and choose the highest-ranking chiefs to serve in the Senate, where eighteen seats are reserved for the traditional leaders of the society. Together with the popularly elected House of Representatives, the Senate makes up the bicameral body also called the 'Fono,' which handles all legislative and tax affairs American Samoa 5 Business Opportunities Report INVESTMENT CLIMATE Governance American Samoa has a strong legal framework, with a body of case law and an appellate system bound to the U.S. federal and state courts. Nevertheless, as an "unorganized" and "unincorporated" U.S. territory, American Samoa is not bound by the U.S. Constitution in all matters affecting the territory. The local government has the ability to create and administer its own immigration and taxation laws, for instance, rather than being subject to INS or IRS regulations. It also controls the sale of its land to local and foreign businesses and has the right to govern the licensing of offshore businesses as it deems appropriate. This freedom affords businesses the opportunity to derive special tax and licensing incentives generally unavailable in most U.S. states, all under the umbrella of the American judicial system. The residents of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, eligible for all rights and privileges that U.S. citizens enjoy, except the right to vote in presidential elections. Recent reports from the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development and the Center for Independent Studies, a Sydney-based think tank, indicate that political stability and ethnic tensions are still a major concern for most Pacific island nations. American Samoa, with its strong political institutions under U.S. governance, is ideally positioned to become a stabilizing force in the Pacific economy and reap the associated benefits. INVESTMENT CLIMATE Potential for Trade American Samoa has direct air links to a number of neighboring islands, and the best deep-water port in proximity to an international airport in the South Pacific. Three international airline carriers provide multiple flights per week between American Samoa, Hawaii, and Western Samoa. In addition, a Boeing 747 cargo plane provides fast weekly shipment services between American Samoa, Hawaii, and Guam. Facilities at Pago Pago Harbor include a container storage yard, marine railway, boat repair yard, and one of the few dry docks in the region. Over 1,000 containers a month move through the port, and direct shipping lines connect American Samoa to the U.S. mainland, Hawaii, Western Samoa, the Cook Islands, Tonga, and elsewhere. Assets Natural Resources. American Samoa's Pago Pago Bay is known for its well protected, natural, deep water port. However, as the remnant of an ancient caldera, it is also a stunning visual delight of high ridges and mountains, home to scenic rainforests and reef areas. The National Park of American Samoa is spread across the three islands of Tutuila, Ofu and Ta'u and is home to white sand beaches, coral reefs, azure waters and spectacular coves and cliffs. Along with Fagatele Bay Marine National Sanctuary, with its pristine coral reefs, it offers phenomenal opportunities in ecotourism. The abundance of various marine species (especially yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore tuna) in American Samoa's territorial waters has been responsible for the tremendous success of the tuna American Samoa 6 Business Opportunities Report INVESTMENT CLIMATE industry in the past and also holds great promise for new coastal fishing, charter services and aquaculture businesses. Culture. American Samoans, among the last remaining true Polynesians along with Hawaiians, Tongans, Maoris, and Tahitians, have a rich and vibrant culture that includes scintillating dance and vocal performances and customs, such as fire-knife dancing, 'siva' dances and outdoor, stone ovens known as the 'umu'. These along with myriad other rituals, customs, handicrafts and cuisine make American Samoa an extremely viable destination for cultural tourism. Incentives The Tax Exemption Board of the ASG may grant temporary income tax exemptions to activities that will further the economic development of the Territory. These exemptions are negotiated on a case-by-case basis. American Samoa, similar to other U.S. territories, is outside the customs territory of the U.S. However, its products are accorded duty free entry into the U.S. if they contain no more than 70% foreign component value (50% for textiles). American Samoa 7 Business Opportunities Report INVESTMENT CLIMATE Infrastructure Two competing retail banks in American Samoa, the Bank of Hawaii and ANZ Amerika Samoa Bank, provide a full range of financial services at competitive rates. Both are FDIC insured, and have branches throughout the Pacific. Several years of focused capital expenditures have left American Samoa with an enviable infrastructure that is better than most other islands in the Pacific basin. In addition to a well-established international airport, along with one of the Pacific's only deep-water natural harbors, container docks, and other maritime facilities, as well as excellent roads, American Samoa has an extremely reliable power, water and sewage system. Telecommunications within the island itself and off-island are robust. Three Internet Service Providers offer high-bandwidth internet service; two telecommunications companies offer cellular service; and multiple satellite links provide voice and high-speed data connections to the mainland. In the fall of 2004, American Samoa joined the North American Numbering Plan, which means that dialing American Samoa from the continental U.S. is no longer an international call. The robust infrastructure has led to the development of one of the most advanced industrial parks in the region. The island also boasts a nationally accredited community college soon to offer a 4-year degree program, high literacy rates, a comprehensive medical center with CAT scan, and other facilities unique to the region, as well as a competitive banking system. American Samoa 8 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Growth Industries Opportunities for private investment, business partnerships, export, and contracting abound in American Samoa. This section outlines a handful of the most compelling near- term opportunities. • Local resources: Fish processing and export, as well as aquaculture and conservation. Agricultural products are prime export opportunities. • Port Facilities: Marina development. • Transportation and Transshipment: Airfreight services. • E-commerce, telecommunication and information industries: Distance learning and technical service industry. • Alternative energy: Wind and other alternative energy sources. • Tourism: Including Real estate development and harbor tramway redevelopment. American Samoa 9 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Local Resources Fish Processing and Export. Long-line fishermen bring about 11 million pounds of yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore tuna to American Samoa each year, the vast majority (nearly 80%) of which is sold to the tuna canneries for processing. While no substantial growth is anticipated in the tuna canning industry itself, opportunities exist for independent fish processors to use this steady supply (20% of 11 million pounds) to tap into several profitable ancillary markets. • The South Pacific yields the highest-quality tuna in the world, as well as blue marlin, swordfish, mahi-mahi, and other export-quality fish. Sashimi-grade fish can fetch over four times the price of fish sold to the canneries. Local entrepreneurs are already taking advantage of this price premium on a small scale by air freighting fresh tuna to Hawaii. • Fillets, slabs, loins, and fully-processed portion control products are suitable for sale to mainland restaurants and distributors. • Frozen loins, which can be shipped inexpensively by boat, can also be sold to mainland food distributors and food service providers. • The canneries themselves will buy fresh loins from independent processors, because their production is limited to the processing of the tuna. Island Contact Partnership need Tony Langkilde Equity investors or creditors to provide funding for a processing Tautai Fisheries Company, Inc. plant. A plant foundation is in place and now needs capital to PO Box 4310 finish the project. Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 10 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Agricultural Products Significant opportunities abound for food production partnerships with American Samoa. A variety of island products thrive in the region with American Samoa providing a central location for access to large markets for these products. American Samoa is encouraging the development of food processing capabilities and is seeking to establish food processing as a necessary complement to crop production. This would enlarge the scope of food production in order to meet the diverse food needs of American Samoa and beyond. This begins with processing traditional foods for markets overseas where large communities of Samoans and other Pacific Islanders exist, such as California, Washington, Hawaii, New Zealand, and Australia. Some excellent island products include the following: • Bananas • Banana chips • Breadfruit chips • Taro chips • Breadfruit chunks/frozen vacuum packed • Breadfruit - American Samoa has so much of it that 80% of it goes to waste • Breadfruit flour - for cooking • Golden Apple fruit - good for jam and medicinal purposes • Coconuts - powder processing plant • Coconut oil - for massage • Noni - grows wild in American Samoa American Samoa has the capacity to serve as a gateway to the US market. With the advantage of processing the food on US soil under US regulations, there are wonderful and strategic opportunities for food production partnerships. Hydroponics technology would be a great asset to American Samoa agriculture. With hydroponics, there is no concern with land constraints and soil inadequacy in American Samoa. The climate and tropical environment in American Samoa also make it an ideal place for flower production. American Samoa could support the already lucrative flower production industry in Hawaii. There is also great demand for the Samoan banana in Hawaii and a need for good facilitation of this opportunity. Possibilities for coffee exportation also exist if American Samoa can develop a partnership with neighboring islands to multiply production efforts in processing and marketing from American Samoa to corresponding available markets. Island Contact Partnership Need Apefa'i Taifane, Director Food processing facilities to provide island Department of Agriculture produce to the appropriate markets. Executive Office Building, Utulei Investor in hydroponics technology. Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 11 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Port Facilities One of the best deep-water harbors in the Pacific, Pago Pago Harbor is a great - and underutilized - natural asset. Although the port offers good facilities to the cargo ships, fishing vessels, cruise ships, and pleasure craft that move over 1,000 containers of cargo through the harbor each month, additional capital improvements offer potential opportunities. The numerous opportunities include facility privatization, improved management of facilities, and construction contracts. Ikonos Satellite Image of Pago Pago Bay Island Contact Partnership Need Christopher J. King, Deputy Director Investors experienced in privatizing port Department of Port Administration operations. There is also a need for private Main Terminal Building tugboat services. P.O. Box 1539 Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 12 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Marina Development A new marina would be a key project to move forward the revitalization of the Inner Bay. This project can also serve as a catalyst for economic development for supporting industries and creating a vision of positive development for the community. An upgrade of the marina would increase the number of berths and expand the market for supplies and services such as waste removal, water, fuel, and electrical hook-up at the slips. Presently, small boats and yachts do not have facilities for sewage disposal or easy access to trash disposal or electrical hook-ups. This project provides a secure place for moorage, especially during hurricane season, in an attractive setting that would encourage broader use. The demand for these facilities exists locally and within the larger yachting community in the Pacific, as well as among the growing game and commercial fishing interests. There has been a need for improved facilities for small boats and yachts for quite a long time. It will also create an attractive and useful area for the private maritime community. Much of the harbor area is devoted to maritime industrial activities, while the smaller fishing boats and yachts are underserved. The main emphasis will be pleasure craft, including on-board living, but berths would also be available for small boats for charter cruising and game fishing. Eco-tourism and expanded pleasure boat use in the harbor could be an important base for economic development. Private boating holds promise for economic development of the inner harbor and the tourism industry. The following are possible individual projects for investors: • Design and Engineering – Detailed surveys would need to be conducted as well as the design and engineering of the shoreline improvements and facilities. • Shoreline Improvements – off-shore underwater, on-shore land, shoreline protection improvements and utilities would need to be constructed. • Moorage Improvements – berthing slips and the small boat pier would need to be purchased, installed, and have utilities extended to them. These could be developed in phases. • Paved Parking Improvements – Construction of a parking lot with capacity for 111 vehicles. This could also be developed in phases. • Marina Based Facilities – A building or buildings would need to be constructed to house rest rooms, showers, laundry, office and related business spaces to serve the marina. A land allowance (or building space) would be made for the development of a yacht club. American Samoa 13 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Proposed New International Ferry Dock and Marina at Malaloa Island Contact Partnership Need Christopher J. King, Deputy Director Large marina development firm to provide Department of Port Administration complete development or smaller Main Terminal Building specialized companies to complete P.O. Box 1539 individual projects. Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 14 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Airfreight In the beginning of the 20th century the U.S. used American Samoa's vast harbor as a coaling station due to its perfect location for voyages that crossed the Pacific. The same advantage applies today for airfreight. American Samoa is ideally situated as a stopover point for trade between the growing markets in Latin America and Southeast Asia, not to mention the robust economies of New Zealand and Australia. With the best deep-water port in proximity to an international airport, American Samoa has capabilities of becoming a shipping and airfreight center for the South Pacific. All cargo can be shipped in from neighboring islands and flown out to the major economic centers around the world. The Pago Pago International Airport's facilities can accommodate large aircraft and would be ideal for large airfreight aircraft. In fact, the runway was expanded by the U.S. Government to be used as an emergency landing site for the Space Shuttle program. There is also a capable labor force available in American Samoa to address the needs of moving the large cargo transshipment. Island Contact Partnership Need Peter Lefiti Large airfreight companies to invest in Assistant Director, Airports Division providing service through American Samoa. Department of Port Administration PO Box 1539 Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 15 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Telecommunications & Information Technology In addition to a robust technical infrastructure, American Samoa boasts a variety of programs to develop local technical and human resources. For example, through the non- profit Distance Education, Learning, and Telehealth Applications (DELTA) Consortium, American Samoa has connected schools, government agencies and businesses via a high- speed fiber-optic network. A partnership with the University Hawaii has brought advanced teleconferencing capabilities to the island. Through a combination of a trained, English-speaking workforce, low wage rate, strong technical infrastructure, and access to Pacific markets, American Samoa will open up a range of private sector opportunities. The American Samoa government is hopeful that by the end of 2008 a fiber optic cable connection may be in place. There are two proposals currently being investigated. A fiber optic cable will provide the opportunity for one or more call centers to be set up, providing excellent sources of employment and catalysts for private sector growth. Many industries can benefit from this activity. The Department of the Interior has recently awarded grant funding to American Samoa. The grant will facilitate surveys and related activities to identify a qualified workforce that may help support these new industries in American Samoa that would require a technically skilled workforce. The fiber optic connection also opens doors for companies to set up more centers for technical support via internet and not just call centers. The workforce is sufficiently educated for this type of skilled labor. Education and Distance Learning. The American Samoa Community College (ASCC) has a computer and distance learning center in place. Courses are being offered for technical certification in Cisco, Microsoft, and Oracle. These classes represent the priority in expansion of island educational resources that directly support economic development. The relative isolation of the territory makes distance learning one of the most cost- effective means of effective workforce development in American Samoa. Significant growth is expected in enrollment in advanced technology and vocational trades distance education programs as demand for these skills rises in the local and regional economy. The training for call centers and related industries is expected to be done in coordination with the ASCC. Already, an acute need is felt for trained nurses, computer technicians, financial managers, etc. In addition, vocational trade skills such as carpentry, plumbing and electrical repair are in short supply. The community college actively seeks mainland partners to help bring these skill sets to the islands. Over time, American Samoa could develop into a regional center for students seeking an American-quality education. Island Contact Partnership Need Adele Satele-Galea'i Educational institutions to provide distance President, American Samoa Community College learning courses, teacher training and PO Box 2609 accreditation, and infrastructure support. Pago Pago, AS 96799 Technical service companies to establish operations in American Samoa. American Samoa 16 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Alternative Energy The American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) provides power, water, and waste disposal services to Tutuila and Manu'a. Driven by the exacting needs of the tuna canneries, ASPA has achieved an impressive record for quality and reliability. Even through droughts and hurricanes, ASPA has managed to deliver service without interruption. Nevertheless, American Samoa, like all Pacific islands, faces severe challenges as it attempts to provide reliable, affordable utilities and services to residents and local businesses. Rising fuel and transportation costs make diesel-powered electricity generation expensive; limited landfill space makes waste disposal difficult; and continuing economic development puts further strain on the entire system. Wind. Wind offers a clean, renewable energy source that has the potential to be price competitive with diesel. Studies conducted by ASPA reveal that American Samoa has favorable characteristics for development of a wind farm. Although any projects are contingent on further feasibility analysis, a few applications of wind energy immediately suggest themselves. A small wind/diesel hybrid plant might be used to provide energy to the remote outer islands. A larger wind farm could be operated by an independent power provider on the main island to sell power directly into the existing grid. Other Alternative Energies. ASPA continues to explore other alternative energy sources as technology improves and new options become commercially viable. One such source is geothermal energy, which has the attractive quality that it is non- intermittent – unlike wind or solar energy, geothermal power isn't subject to fluctuations based on weather. However, geothermal is still an emerging technology, and one that requires very particular geologic conditions to be viable. At this point, ASPA is seeking only to do a preliminary survey of local geothermal activity, for which it will need private sector partners. Another emerging technology with potential to address several pressing issues at once is waste-to-energy conversion. American Samoa produces about 70 tons of solid waste per day. Waste-to-energy plants use high-temperature plasma reactors to release energy from the waste and reduce the unused portion to environmentally friendly slag. Island Contact Partnership Need Andra Samoa Suppliers of wind power generation equipment and independent Executive Director, ASPA power providers who can provide funding, construction and PO Box PPB operational management of a wind energy plant. Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 17 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Tourism Development The global tourism industry has gradually shifted focus to specialized packages, vacation bundling options and niche tourism markets targeted at culture, history and the natural world. American Samoa has several natural assets that allow it to capitalize on this trend. American Samoa is home to the only U.S. National Park in the southern hemisphere. Spread across three picturesque islands, the park includes the only mixed-species paleotropic rainforest in the United States, the habitat of rare flying foxes, and pristine coral reefs. American Samoa is also one of the last remaining true Polynesian cultures and home to a wealth of history and tradition unfamiliar to most of the Western world. Particularly when bundled with neighboring islands within easy flight distance, such as Western Samoa and the Cook Islands, American Samoa makes a very attractive travel destination. The tourism industry in American Samoa has shrunk since its heyday when tens of thousands visited each year to enjoy the islands' tropical climate and Polynesian culture. The region now receives only a small number of travelers, mostly business and visiting relatives. Recent years have seen a resurgence in the number of quality hotel rooms on the island – most notable with the opening of the 100-room Tradewinds hotel and the 46- room resort Sadies by the Sea - and the trend is set to continue. The Governor recently announced plans for the formation of the American Samoa Tourism Bureau. This reorganization is a step forward to more collaboration and strategic planning in order to bring American Samoa back as the tourism hot-spot it once was. The gradual re-establishment of a viable tourist infrastructure should lead to the growth of a variety of tourist support services. Already a number of cruise ships visit American Samoa each year, dropping off thousands of tourists at a time to take advantage of local attractions and facilities. Cruise ship activity is likely to increase. Several opportunities for quality tourism development can be found on the islands of Manu'a. Their majestic beauty and sense of remoteness make them the ideal "get away from it all" location. There is a need for the basic tourism support services in these locations from charter boating to scuba diving. Island Contact Partnership Need Betty Cavanagh Hotel and resort Managing Director, Pago Pago Tradewinds Tours and Rentals developers to invest in PO Box 968 providing more quality Pago Pago, AS 96799 accommodations for visitors. American Samoa 18 Business Opportunities Report OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH Pago Pago Harbor Tramway Redevelopment The Pago Pago Harbor Tramway, aka the Cable Car, is a historical/cultural attraction, a tourist attraction to potential visitors and a key tourism marketing strategy to promote American Samoa's National Park, a key eco-tourism attraction. Pago Pago Harbor is a prime location for such a proposed venture in that it provides one of the most majestic views in the Pacific. The Polynesian culture, climate, geographical location and traditional arts are American Samoa's primary product but spinoff services such as the Cable Car brings added value to the island destination. Visitors would be able to take the Cable Car to Mt. Alava to tour America's only National Park south of the equator. The Cable Car would distinguish American Samoa from other international tourist destinations. The National Park Service also contends that the Cable Car is a perfect way to bring in visitors without adversely affecting park resources, meaning no new roads will be built within the national park to access scenic views and park property. The Cable Car would enhance the visitor experience by providing a spectacular view of Pago Pago Harbor and the Mt. Alava-Maugaloa Ridge summit area of the national park. Visitors could also hike down on the trails leading to Fagasa Pass, Afono Pass or Vatia Village and overnight in one of the villages before returning to their hotel. Village based eco-tourism products like hiking or snorkel tours, Samoan handicraft demonstrations, traditional entertainment etc. could be developed as a source of revenue for villagers. The Tramway is listed as a historical/cultural attraction in the territorial Ecotourism Management Plan 2005-2009 as a project that would attract eco-tourists. The pavilion located on Solo Hill near the lower terminus is identified as a place to provide interpretive services for the National Park Service or as a place for villagers to greet tourists. Also noted in the eco-tourism plan is that Americans continue to visit national parks in abundance, 15% of all U.S. residents visited a National Park in 1997 and hiking was the most popular outdoor activity with 53% taking part in this activity. The estimated potential U.S. eco-tourism market to Oceania consists of about 1 million Americans, who are willing to spend on average 6.2% more on environmentally responsible travel services and products. The potential to develop an eco-tourism base in American Samoa by promoting the National Park works in conjunction with the reestablishment of the Cable Car. The Pago Pago tramway will provide a haven for hikers, tourists, and sightseers alike to bask in the spectacular view atop Mt. Alava. A well developed hiking trail is currently in place atop the Fagasa pass, and provides ready access to the top of the mountain. The location and nature of development proposed creates an attractive niche to eco-tourists, sightseers, visitors, and the boating community. Island Contact Partnership Need Virginia Samuelu Experienced eco-tourism American Samoa Office of Tourism developers and investors. PO Box 1147 Pago Pago, AS 96799 American Samoa 19 Business Opportunities Report FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES Although the following list is not meant to be comprehensive, it gives a sense of the range of high-quality business opportunities available in American Samoa. Potential partners have a number of ways to get involved: as investors, as operational managers, and as suppliers and contractors. Project Partnership Need Manufacturing Bun bakery. A large scale bakery could provide bread Investment capital, equipment suppliers, products to restaurants and fast food chains in American and operational expertise. Samoa and neighboring islands. Component assembly. Foreign companies can save Manufacturing company looking to considerably on tariffs by setting up transshipment and light expand exports to the U.S. mainland. manufacturing or component assembly operations. Military supply. With its low wage rate and historic connection to the U.S. military, American Samoa is ideally Investors with experience supplying the suited to take advantage of the military's "Buy American" U.S. military. purchasing requirements. Sales and Distribution Computer reselling. Computer equipment is extremely expensive in the Pacific islands, due to an inadequate Investors, equipment distributors, and supply chain. Opportunities exist to establish a regional hardware OEMs. distribution center. Computer/technology assembly plant. American US computer manufacturers who want to Samoa's location is ideal for computer manufacturers assemble systems off-shore and distribute looking to supply the Pacific region. to the Pacific. Bottling Company. Importation and consumption of Large bottling companies looking to take bottled products is high in American Samoa. The advantage of producing and marketing to workforce is appropriate to support a bottling plant to the US market. supply American Samoa and surrounding island areas. Telemedicine. A number of capital investments in American Samoa could partner with these communication infrastructure have positioned the Lyndon companies to substantially differentiate Baines Johnson Hospital to benefit from global itself regionally. developments in telehealth applications. U.S. companies specializing in remote diagnosis tools, electronic records management, and the creation of peer networks for doctors in rural/isolated areas are actively soliciting American test markets to launch their products. Solar water heater distribution. An increasing number of homes and businesses in American Samoa have hot water. Equipment distributors. If bundled into a mortgage, solar heaters promise an affordable and environmentally sound source of hot water. Mainland retail chains. The extraordinary success of Retails chains focused on either service or mainland fast food restaurants in American Samoa, coupled goods, including automotive repair, office with the general shortage of vocational trade skills, supplies, etc. highlight the opportunity for mainland retail chains. American Samoa 20 Business Opportunities Report FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES Project Partnership Need Infrastructure Container yard rehabilitation. Supply has not kept up with demand for container storage space in Pago Pago Investors, operational managers, and Harbor. With a moderate rise in storage fees, this project construction firms. has the potential for a large return on investment. Surface water treatment plants. Additional surface water Suppliers of water treatment technology, treatment plants are needed to meet water needs. construction firms. Privatization of Port. The Port has been keeping up with maintenance and repairs but privatization will provide Investors with experience in port proper management with a focus on profits to support management. future improvements and development. Privatization of American Samoa Power Authority. A power company focused on profit and customer service will produce a superior system for American Samoa to function Investors with experience in power at a higher level. Privatization will also allow forward authority management and development. thinking management to explore and invest in alternative energy sources. Ship Repairs. Upgrade and improve present yard to Investors with experience in developing accommodate high-tech repairs for a variety of ships and infrastructure for ship repair yard. sizes. Solid Waste Incinerators. Two modular solid waste Suppliers of solid waste incinerators, incinerators are needed for solid waste disposal to minimize construction firms. dependency on landfill sites. Guam militatary buildup. American Samoa can be a Contractors and subcontractors for Guam great staging area for partial assembly to support Guam's buildup to take advantage of American development. Samoa skilled workforce and proximity. Tourism Sport fishing. Despite a steady stream of visitors and Entrepreneurs interested in owning and abundant supply of fish, American Samoa lacks sport operating a tour outfit. Possibilities exist fishing tour operators. for partnership with local hotels. Game fishing. Charter fishing has tremendous potential in Investors in charter boat tourism to the waters around American Samoa, where fish resources establish a company that can do charter are abundant. fishing and harbor cruises. Entrepreneurs interested in owning and Scuba and snorkel. The dive equipment rental and dive operating a tour outfit. Possibilities exist tour operator industry is almost completely undeveloped. for partnership with local hotels. Privatization of Ili'ili golf course. American Samoa's one golf course could generate significant additional income Investors, operational managers. with additional investment and improved operational oversight. Traditional Samoan village. Samoan cultural center where local entertainers perform traditional songs and Investor with experience in the cultural dances. The traditional Samoan fire-knife dance is a huge entertainment industry. attraction. Hotel development. A private developer has plans to renovate two wings of the government-owned Rainmaker Investors, hotel management firms. hotel. The Rainmaker sits on prime beach real estate in downtown Pago Pago. American Samoa 21 Business Opportunities Report FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES Project Partnership Need Export Handicraft export. Beautiful Polynesian handicrafts are both a means of preserving cultural traditions and spreading Distribution and marketing partners. economic benefits to an underserved group of people. Meat processing. With experience in food processing from the canneries the labor force can be ideal for establishing meat processing as well. Also this opportunity Regional meat producers to invest in will be open the US market since food processed in processing plant in American Samoa. American Samoa must comply with USDA standards during preparation and processing. Giant clam aquaculture. Giant clams represent a growing segment of the multibillion dollar aquarium trade. Giant Distribution and marketing partners, clam aquaculture is an environmentally sound way to tap private investors. into this trade. Capital infrastructure costs are relatively low. Import Livestock feed. There is no appropriate feed for livestock Producers of livestock feed to develop on the island. partnership for feed program. American Samoa 22 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX APPENDIX DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE American Samoa Government Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Togiola T.A. Tulafono Tel: (684) 633-5155 FAX: (684) 633-4195 Governor Faleseu Eliu Paopao Website: www.asdoc.info Director Aitofele T.F. Sunia Lelei Peau Lt. Governor July 5, 2007 Deputy Director In reply refer to: SerialNo: DOC- BRIEFING PAPER ON INVESTMENT GUIDE IN AMERICAN SAMOA AMERICAN SAMOA Pacific's Best Investment Bet South Pacific's Business Hub Islands of Opportunities Prepared for PROSPECTIVE BUSINESS INVESTORS Talofa and Welcome to American Samoa…"Where America's Day Ends". This briefing paper highlights the Territory of American Samoa's progressive economic environment, and the generous incentives available for offshore investment. American Samoa is truly your "Gateway" to the United States and Pacific markets for profits. Our incentive package offers a wide range of specialized schemes aimed at maximizing profits and rates of return on investments while simultaneously catering to accommodate your individual needs. Our territory boasts a modern infrastructure, which places us at the forefront of the dynamic economic growth sweeping through the Pacific Basin. Some of these features include a worldwide communications satellite facility, full range of telecommunications services, an expansion industrial development park, and international airport and a deep-water harbor. American Samoa, therefore, is eager to welcome partners who are committed to healthy business bottom lines and maximization of rates of return on investments. We have worked hard to develop a reliable, efficient and cost effective infrastructure system that will provide a solid foundation for any business venture. The American Samoa Government remains strongly committed to strengthening our local economy. The trend for economic development will continue to focus on expanding American Samoa 23 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX current private business activities, increasing outside investment with local participation, and diversifying the economy. We have no doubt that you will appreciate our year-round tropical climate and the warm hospitality that has won us international recognition. Our social and business environment is one that has become the envy of many. American Samoa Profile History American Samoa is the only US Territory south of the equator. Its strategic location in the center of the South Pacific area known as Polynesia, accentuates/highlight its economic value to investors. It has one of the Pacific's finest harbors, a good airport and a beautiful tropical environment. One of its important assets is its people. Samoans have live on these islands for over 2500 years and have developed a rich, traditional culture that is still strong and vibrant. In 1889, the US began the acquisition process of American Samoa through a series of treaties and deeds of cession. In 1900, the US Navy administered the territory and appointed the governors. In 1951, administrative responsibility was transferred by an Executive Order to the US Department of the Interior. The US Department of the Interior approved the Constitution of American Samoa in April of 1960, thereby establishing three branches of government: Executive, Legislative (Fono), and Judicial. Before 1977, governors and lieutenant governors were appointed by the Interior until November 1977, when the people of American Samoa were granted the right to select their own governor and lieutenant governor. American Samoa also elects its non-voting representative to the US Congress. Social & Cultural Structure The social structure of American Samoa is deeply rooted in the extended family or aiga system. It is a system consisting of a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption, acknowledging a common allegiance to a chief or Matai, who regulates their activities. The chief assumes the trustee functions over family land and property. Extended families own 90% of total land (communal land). Geography The seven American Samoan islands re dispersed over 150 miles of water. The total land area is 77 square miles, consists of a group of seven islands; located in the South Pacific at 14 degrees south of the equator, and 172 degrees meridian west, and is the center of Polynesia. Located 2,300 miles southwest of Hawaii and 1,600 miles northeast of New Zealand, it forms a strategic midpoint on vital shipping and air routes. Tutuila, the largest of the seven islands, has a land area of approximately 56 square miles and it is home to 97 percent of the total population of 65,500. Pago Pago Harbor is located in Tutuila and is known as one of the deepest and best protected in the South Pacific. Size and Population American Samoa 24 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX The seven islands of American Samoa have a land area of 76 sq. miles. Tutuila contains two thirds of the total area and is home to 97 percent of the 65,500 inhabitants. Location American Samoa is 14 degrees south of the equator and 172 degrees meridian west. The following cities and distance from American Samoa: Suva, Fiji ≈ 888 miles Papeete, Tahiti ≈ 1,236 miles Honolulu, Hawaii ≈ 2,276 miles San Francisco, California ≈ 4,150 miles Auckland, New Zealand ≈ 1,600 miles Sydney, Australia ≈ 2,700 miles Taipei, Taiwan ≈ 4,550 miles Seoul, Korea ≈ 4,525 miles Tokyo, Japan ≈ 6,443 miles From PPG→Hnl.→Tokyo Narita→Taipei, Taiwan→Hong Kong SAR ≈ 8,283 miles estimated flight time is about 18 hours 40 minutes Unique advantages and incentives of establishing industries in American Samoa 1. American Samoa is an U.S. Territory. We have a stable government and stable relationship with the U.S. We use the US currency and the US inflation level drives our price level (inflation rate). The local consumer price index (CPI) reflects the increase in the price of imported goods, primarily from the US. Currently, the local inflation rate has been running at an annual rate of 2-5 percent. According to Department of Commerce (DOC) Second Quarter 2006 Consumer Price Index, the rate of inflation measured at the end of this quarter was 3.7 percent. 2. American Samoa presents significant opportunities for export-oriented manufacturing. We have preferred access to the U.S. through Headnote 3. (a). Most items with at least 30 percent of their value created here enter U.S. duty free. The Headnote 3. (a) of the U.S. Customs Code provides for duty and quota free access to the U.S. market for products manufactured, processed or assembled in American Samoa that has no more than 70 percent (50% if article is CBI ineligible such as textile and apparel articles; certain footwear, handbags, luggage flat goods, work gloves and leather wearing apparel; tuna; and, certain watches or watch parts.) of their total appraised value in foreign materials. Eligible products must be manufactured or produced either wholly from local materials or from imported materials, which are substantially transformed in American Samoa (Substantial transformation occurs when a new and different product is produced, having a distinctive name, character, or use). The cost of the transportation of the materials from source to American Samoa is included in the computation of foreign value, while the cost of transportation of product to the U.S. is excluded from its value for purpose of the American Samoa 25 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX calculation. (see page 4 for proportion of foreign materials requirements for a product to be entered duty free into the US mainland). For more than 50 years the tuna processing industry has recognized the advantages of locating here. Today more than 5000 workers are employed by Star Kist and VCS Samoa Packing Company and we have developed a definitive industrial and institutional infrastructure as required by large-scale operations. Furthermore, American Samoa benefits from the Headnote 3 (a) as noted previously. This provision gives exports such as canned tuna and other proposed business ventures a competitive pricing advantage in the U.S. mainland market. Also American Samoa is qualified for favorable duty treatment under the Generalized System of Preference. 3. We are centrally located in the South Pacific with access to markets and resources in New Zealand, Australia, Western Samoa, Tonga and Fiji. We have close contacts with Taiwan and Korea merchants, longliner fishing vessels, motherships, reefer transports and fishermen. 4. We have a well-developed infrastructure: harbor facilities, airport, roads, communications, water, sewer, power, education and hospital. Pago Pago Harbor is one of the finest all weather, deep draft harbors in the Pacific. It has a total water surface area of 2 square miles and depths range from 40-160 feet throughout the inner harbor. The main dock is 1,000 feet long, handling ships of up to a 32-foot draft. Pago Pago harbor provides the full complement of equipment and facilities, and has a ship-repair facility with a 3,000-ton marine railway. The port provides full service port facilities, containerized cargo holding, warehousing, transshipment operations and tugboat services. 5. Our population is over 68,200 and the labor force is about 17,377 persons. American Samoa is currently covered by the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act. Minimum wages are set every two years after a US Department of Labor Minimum Wage Hearing held in the Territory. The currently minimum wages range between $3.18 and $4.59 per hour. In fact, American Samoa is the only US territory that pays below the US Federal Minimum wage level. American Samoa has approximately 16 different minimum wage classifications. Based on Special Industry Committee #26 minimum wage hearing held in June 2005 the recommended and effective dates of the new wages for American Samoa is illustrated in the following table. Also included under the General Headnote 3 (a) is the proportion of foreign materials requirements for a product to be entered duty free into the US mainland: American Samoa 26 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Industry Minimum Minimum US Federal Headnote(3a) Wage Wage Minimum Foreign effective effective Wage materials 10/28/2005 10/01/2006 effective requirements 7/24/07 1. Government Employees $2.84 $2.91 $3.41 n/a 2. Fish Canning and Processing $3.26* $3.26* $3.76 50% 3. Petroleum Marketing $3.85* $3.85* $4.35 n/a 4. Shipping and Transportation: n/a a. Classification A-Stevedoring, lighterage, and $4.09* $4.09* $4.59 maritime shipping agency activities b. Classification B-Unloading of raw and/or $3.92* $3.92* $4.42 frozen fish from vessels c. Classification C-All other activities in the $3.88* $3.88* $4.38 shipping and transportation industry 5. Construction $3.60* $3.60* $4.10 n/a 6. Retailing, Wholesaling, and Warehousing $3.10* $3.10* $3.60 n/a 7. Bottling, Brewing, and Dairy Products $3.19* $3.19* $3.69 70% 8. Printing $3.50* $3.50* $4.00 n/a 9. Publishing $3.63* $3.63* $4.13 n/a 10. Finance and Insurance $3.99* $3.99* $4.49 n/a 11. Ship Maintenance $3.42 $3.51 $4.01 n/a 12. Hotel $2.93 $3.00 $3.50 n/a 13. Tour and Travel Services $3.39 $3.48 $3.98 n/a 14. Private Hospitals and Educational Institutions $3.33* $3.33* $3.83 n/a 15. Garment Manufacturing $2.68* $2.68* $3.18 50% 16. Miscellaneous Activities e.g. footwear, handbags, $2.63 $2.70 $3.20 50% Luggage flat goods, work gloves, leather Wearing apparel, watches or watch parts Note: * denotes no changes on the current minimum wages since Industry Committee 2003. The American Samoa Government (ASG) provides a substantial package of employee benefits, including 13 paid holidays, 13 days paid sick leave per year, and 13-26 days of annual vacation depending on length of service, in addition to medical and hospitalization plans. These non-cash benefits are provided for all employees and help assure equitable treatment of workers at the lower end of ASG's wage scale. American Samoa recognizes a 40 hours work week. Most companies in the Territory offer fringe benefits such as paid holidays, vacation and sick leave. Some employers also provide pension/retirement benefits and medical insurance. All employers are required to provide Worker's Compensation insurance against work connected injuries or death and must comply with the provisions of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act, which regulate working conditions pertaining to the health and safety of employees. The U.S. National Labor Relations Board has extended its jurisdiction to American Samoa, making it possible for U.S. unions to expand into American Samoa. However, American Samoa 27 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX labor unions have always been rejected in American Samoa. The ASG's manpower training program includes a subsidized pre employment-training program for manufacturing and significant employment producing activities. Under this program (Work Force Investment Act) the government supplements 50% of workers' wages for up to one year. 6. We have the same tax structure as the U.S. with a few minor exceptions: there is a minimum 4% tax rate on personal income; 34% tax rate on the taxable income as exceeds $75,000 but does not exceed $650,000, and the highest tax bracket is 44% of taxable income as exceeds $650,000. There is a 5 % excise tax on items imported for commercial resale. There are no gross receipt, property, or sale taxes. Moreover, tax exemptions can be granted by the Governor of American Samoa on some or all taxes (except for individual income tax) for up to 10 years for the establishment or expansion of qualifying industrial or business enterprises under the Industrial Incentives Act. Foreign Sales Corporations established in the Territory may receive an eleven-year exemption on corporate income taxes, dividend distributions, customs duties and other taxes. There are no requirements to maintain an office or agent or to hold shareholders meetings in the Territory. American Samoa is qualified under Section 936 of the Internal Revenue Code, which exempts from U.S. income tax the profits of U.S. corporations operating in U.S. possessions. Basically under Section 936 income earned by U.S. corporations from business operations in the possessions such as the Territory of American Samoa, are exempt from the Federal corporate income tax, along with income from certain types of financial investment. To qualify, a firm must be incorporated in the United States, receive 80% of its income in a possession, and 75% of its income must be from the active conduct of a trade or business in the possessions. However it is anticipated that this Section will be phased out in 2005. 7. The American Samoa Government, through the Real Property Management Board formerly Industrial Park Commission, runs the 100-acre Sen. Daniel Inouye Industrial Park. A twelve-inch water main serves the area and electrical power is available for all industrial purposes. The Industrial Park is fully drained and connected to a sewage treatment plant. Lots are available for up to 55 years at a rate of $0.25 to $0.45 per square foot per year. 8. There is no restriction on the repatriation of funds, earnings, etc., except the following: 30.0150 Amounts Payments: a. The amount of authorized capital stock of any corporation organized under this chapter may not be less than $2,000. American Samoa 28 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX b. The amount of paid-in capital with which any such corporation shall commence business may not be less than $1,000. c. No corporation may be permitted to issue stock except for an equivalent in money or labor done, or property actually received and applied to the purpose for which the corporation was created; and neither labor nor property may be received in payment of stock at a greater value than the actual value at the time the labor was done or property delivered, and all fictitious increases of stock or indebtedness are void. 30.0153 Dividends-Source-Prohibited payments: a. A corporation may, by resolution of its board of directors, declare and pay dividends in cash or property only out of earned surplus; earned surplus being defined as the remaining amount of accumulated net income, after adequate deductions for depreciation and obsolescence, and exclusive of any amounts resulting from unrealized appreciation or an upward revaluation of assets. b. No dividends may be paid or declared at a time when: 1. the corporation is unable to pay its debts as they mature or when the payment declaration of the dividend would render the corporation unable to pay its debts as they mature; 2. its net assets are less than its stated capital or when the payment or declaration thereof would reduce its net assets below its stated capital. Every foreign corporation, in order to receive a permit to do business in American Samoa, must have at least $10,000 of authorized capital stock and $5,000 of paid-in capital stock. (Title 30, chapter 0308 entitled "Monetary requirements" of the American Samoa Code.) 9. Long-term and working capital loans are available to eligible enterprises through various business financial assistance programs administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration at the Honolulu District Office. These credit programs include both direct loans and loan guarantees. 10. The American Samoa Government is authorized to issue industrial revenue bonds to provide financing for acquisition of fixed assets in approved industrial projects. Interest earned on revenue bonds is not subject to local income taxes. 11. The Bank of Hawaii and ANZ Amerika Samoa Bank provide full international banking services with correspondent banks in the U.S. and the Pacific region. Both banks are member of American Samoa 29 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) i.e. US federally chartered organization that insures deposits in banks. 12. The American Samoa Telecommunication Authority (ASCTA) operates one of the best state-of-the-art telecommunication systems in the Pacific, permitting fast and easy contact with the outside world. A new area that holds great potential for growth is our satellite network and computer support system. Securing the benefits from e-Commerce and e-Government will result from our investment and growing institutional base at our Community College, government and business centers. It features a worldwide COMSAT satellite telecommunications facility, two competitive fiber optic networks and mobile phone services throughout the islands. Rapid telex, telegraph and facsimile services are also available. The COMSAT satellite system also provides commercial television, video conferencing and radio broadcasts. 13. Regarding other tax matters (i.e. - exemptions for import duties on equipment, raw materials and exemptions for corporate and business taxes), these will be expanded upon as our discussions progress and will be addressed in your application to the Tax Exemption Board for tax exemption. You could write directly to the following address: Velega Savali Savali, Jr. Treasurer/Chairman Tax Exemption Board Treasury Department American Samoa Government Pago Pago, AS 96799 Telephone 684-633-4155 Fax.: 684-633-4100 American Samoa Tax Exemption. Governor based on Tax Exemption Board recommendation can grant exemptions from local tax on some or all taxes (except for individual income tax) for up to 10 years for the establishment or expansion of qualifying Industrial Incentives Act. 11.1607 General requirements for exemption. In order to qualify for a certificate of tax exemption, an industrial or business enterprise must: 1. be an enterprise owned by a person who is, or a partnership one of whose members is, a resident of American Samoa; or be a corporation created under the laws of American Samoa or a foreign corporation authorized by the laws of American Samoa to do business in American Samoa; 2. undertake to employ, at the prevailing wage rate, or at not less than the minimum wage rate provided by law, residents of American Samoa to the extent of at least 75% of the total working force, with the concurrence of the Governor. A temporary waiver may be granted for a period not to exceed 6 months at any one time when residents with the necessary ability to perform the services required at the prevailing wage rates are not available within American Samoa and the American Samoa 30 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX industry or business will be greatly handicapped as a result of hiring 75% American Samoans. The board, with the concurrence of the Governor, may revoke or modify the temporary waiver before its expiration if it determines that residents possessing the necessary ability have become available in American Samoa and that such information has been furnished to the person, partnership or corporation. A resident means any person who has resided continuously in American Samoa for not less than 5 years immediately prior to the date of application for employment, or who was born in American Samoa and who has resided therein not less than 1 year immediately prior to the application. 14. In regards to import of foreign labor to the Territory, this matter should be addressed to our Attorney General's Office to assist your companies in this endeavor. The address is as follows: HC Fepuleai Afa Ripley, Jr., Attorney General Department of Legal Affairs American Samoa Government Pago Pago, AS 96799 Telephone 684-633-4163 Fax.: 684-633-1838 Our Immigration policies and requirement must be met, with some exception depending on the economic merit of the project. Basic steps for establishing business in American Samoa: 1. file for appropriate incorporation permit (local incorporation and foreign incorporation permits); 2. file applications to American Samoa Immigration Board for permits for specialized foreign labor, including country of origin, health and police clearances required for each applicant, and documentation of advertising positions in the local newspapers for a period of two weeks, local applications received, interviews, decisions, etc., and the hiring of a community liaison, who must be Samoan and should be considered at middle management level, for the purpose of labor and public relations between the Samoan workforce and the company's middle management level. The hiring of a Samoan community liaison will certainly encourage the Samoan workforce to meet the expected level of production and working morale, given adequate training period of about one calendar year; 3. file application to the Real Property Management Board for a minimum of one acre lot at the Tafuna Industrial Park; 4. file application for tax exemption with Chairman of the Tax Exemption Board; 5. file with the Department of Commerce (DOC) for all necessary license applications, land use permit, zoning variance application and Department of Public Woks for building permits. Business Licensing: American Samoa 31 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Any person who wishes to establish a business in American Samoa must obtain a business license. The only businesses exempt from the business license requirements are any business or trade engaged in or conducted by the government or the government of the United States or for the sole or direct benefit of or under the direct supervision of the government; and the selling or marketing by an American Samoan agricultural producer of his/her own farm produce in its natural state. Any person who operates businesses in two or more locations in American Samoa must obtain a license for each location. Similarly, any person who operates any business which is engaged in two or more types of business activities must obtain a separate license for each activity. All business license applications are filed through the Department of Commerce and reviewed by the Territorial Planning Commission and the Governor's Office. This review takes into consideration traffic, parking facilities, water and sewage facilities, effect on land resources and economic opportunities for resident Samoans, effect on Samoan customs, culture and traditions, and conformity to the general economic plan. Application will be approved unless the business proposal in contrary to the public policy of encouraging the development of business enterprises by Samoans, contrary to the best interest of the public, or incompatible with the economic and social development plans of the Territory. Business Licenses are renewed on a calendar year basis regardless of when issued and expire on December 31 of the year in which they are issued or renewed. Most business license fees are $25.00 per year. How to Incorporate and Do Business in American Samoa Local and foreign corporations and partnerships may be authorized to do business in American Samoa. Present regulations allow only US nationals, citizens and "permanent resident" as designated by ASCA 41.0502(sic), to establish sole proprietorships. Incorporating Locally Three or more persons of lawful age, a majority of whom must be US nationals or citizens and at least one a resident of American Samoa, may form a corporation for any lawful business. Articles of Incorporation must be signed and acknowledged by the incorporators and forwarded to the ASG Treasurer via the Attorney General, American Samoa Government. The ASG Treasurer then forwards the Articles to the Governor for approval, and they are recorded by the Territorial Registrar. After payment of incorporation fees, the ASG Treasurer issues a Certificate of Incorporation. The Articles must contain: American Samoa 32 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX 1. The name of the corporation and the principal place of business in American Samoa; 2. The objects for which it is formed, such objects to be stated with specificity; 3. The amount of authorized capital stock, the classes of stock authorized, and the par value and conditions of each class and the time when and conditions under which it is to pay; 4. The time for commencement of existence of the corporation, not earlier than issuance of the certificate; 5. The names and addresses of the incorporators and the officers or persons including at least three directors, to conduct its affairs, and the time when and manner in which such persons will be selected; 6. A statement that private property of the stockholders is to be exempted from corporate debts; and 7. The manner in which the articles may be amended. Foreign Corporation Permit to Transact Business: All corporations organized under laws other than the laws of American Samoa are by definition foreign corporations, which must obtain a separate permit to transact business. The application is files with the Governor's Office via the Attorney General, and must include: 1. A certified copy of the article of incorporation; 2. A certified copy of a resolution of the board of Directors authorizing the filing of the articles and service of process generally on any officers or agents in American Samoa engaging in its business here; the name and address of one resident agent for service of process must be indicated; and 3. A statement under oath by the president, vice-president or other head officer and the secretary containing the information required for the articles of incorporation, total authorized capital, total paid-in capital, total value of all money and other assets planned for use in the territory during the next year. Local Corporation vs. Foreign Corporation For clarification, please find a summary of differences between local and foreign corporations as it relates to our local statutes. Local corporations are those corporations created under American Samoa corporation laws contained in Title 30 of the American Samoa Code Annotated. Examples of local corporation laws include provisions that at least 3 or more persons of full age may form a corporation so long as two-thirds of whom are United States nationals or citizens and at least one must be a resident of American Samoa. As for foreign corporations, these are corporations created under laws that are other than American Samoa's regardless of whether it's a United States corporation. All corporations created in all US states and other possessions are considered foreign because they were created based on laws of those states and possessions. American Samoa 33 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Nevertheless, "non-domestic" corporations have the option of registering locally as either local or foreign. To register as a foreign corporation in the territory, a corporation, upon approval by the Attorney General, must register its articles of incorporation with the Registrar's Office and apply for a Permit to Transact Business from the Governor. To register locally, on the other hand, non-domestic corporations have to amend their articles of incorporation in order for those articles to comply with all local corporation laws. 15. Trade & Investment Business Opportunities The American Samoa Government (ASG) and the local business community are aggressively working on the implementation of economic development initiatives. The Economic Development Implementation Plan contains the following key initiatives: Strengthen the economic development process by involving the business community and ensuring that capital investment decisions encourage targeted business development and growth Reduce dependence on federal financial assistance Encourage growth and diversification of existing businesses and seek new businesses The specific targets of opportunities for commercial development and growth include: Secondary and supportive cannery activities Miscellaneous fish processing and export Animal feed plant Canned Wahoo production and export Can-making, box and labeling plant Barge ocean disposal of cannery sewage Fishing fleet brokerage services Tourism/Visitor Industry Privatization and expansion of the 200 room Rainmaker Hotel Hotel and motel development Selected tourism, recreational and duty-free shopping services Inter-island air and boat services Cultural Center activities Bed and Breakfast operation Charter Fishing operator Marine scooters, scuba diving, sailing tour operations Handicraft ventures Regional Trade and Transshipment Foreign sales corporations Export trading companies Warehousing and cold storage facilities Container repair services Shipping and air freight services American Samoa 34 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Freight forwarding Light Industry (Export & Import substitution activities using Headnote 3(a) advantages) Bulk asphalt drumming and distribution Sugar processing and refining Textile assembly Electronic equipment assembly Bulk cement bagging Corned beef processing Tropical fruit juice processing Processing of regional exports, e.g., taro, snack chips, coconut oil, cocoa, vanilla beans, handicrafts Local slaughterhouse and meat processing Brewery plant Shoe manufacturing/repair shop Fish hook factory Watch assembling plant Privatization of Local Government Operations ASG Motor Pool ASG facilities maintenance Industrial Park Cable car/Tramway Manu'a Island inter-island transport Port tugboat services Local Fisheries Fish processing and loining for US and European market Cold storage facilities Multi-purpose fishing vessels including Philippine-type purse seiners Sashimi fish processing Dried and smoke fish processing plant Fish fillet plant Fish sausage plant Giant clam operation Tilapia operation Shrimp operation Ell operation Agriculture Diversified vegetable and fruit production Storage facilities Agriculture produce processing Animal feed mill American Samoa 35 Business Opportunities Report APPENDIX Poultry and eggs production Ginger root farming for export Hydroponics technology to grow flowers for commercial sale Coconut oil pressing plant Please understand that extra efforts by ASG to expedite the processing of the proposed project through related regulatory agencies are subject to all federal regulations as applied to American Samoa and local statues which pertain to the proposed project. This notice is to avoid any negative perception from the public, hence public support. However, in order to facilitate the expedition of the proposed project, we strongly suggest that the company to retain the services of a local attorney or agent. We trust the information provided in this briefing paper will provide you with an overview of our territory's business climate, and to assist you in investing in American Samoa's bright economic future. Should you require any further assistance please do not hesitate to contact Alex P. Zodiacal, Assistant to Administrator/Economic Development Division Manager at (684) 633-5155 or at email@example.com. Please visit our website at www.asdoc.info for information about transacting business in the Territory. Also refer towww.asbar.org for listings of all local statutes and codes. American Samoa 36 Business Opportunities Report BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY References American Samoa Department of Commerce, 2002, Comprehensive Economic Development Study American Samoa Department of Commerce, Planning Division, 2003, Pago Pago Bay Shoreline Development Plan American Samoa Office of Tourism, 2005, Investment Profile: Pago Pago Harbor Tramway Redevelopment & Eco-tourism Initiatives American Samoa Territorial Planning Commission, April 2003, Territorial General Plan Asian Development Bank, 2003, Pacific Outlook Chand, Satish, Pacific Statistics 2000, Managing Natural Resources in the Pacific Islands Lyon Associates, Inc., 2001, Pago Pago Port Master Plan Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, March 2003, Regional Workshop on Millennium Development Goals Reed Business Information, 2002, Marketing Journal - Home Accessories & Accents U.S. Census Bureau, Racial Statistics Branch, Population Division, March 2002, Current Population Survey U.S. Department of Labor, May 2003, Overview: Minimum Wage in American Samoa Photos, http://www.terragalleria.com/index.html Acknowledgments Mr. David B. Cohen, Deputy Assistant Secretary (DAS) U.S. Department of the Interior Honorable Governor Togiola Tulafono Honorable Lt. Governor Aitofele Sunia Ms. Lydia Faleafine-Nomura, Office of Insular Affairs Field Representative to American Samoa American Samoa 37 Business Opportunities Report
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Resting place of 2 million barrels of oil missing from Deepwater Horizon accident found
Where is the remaining oil from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico? The location of two million barrels of oil thought to be trapped in the deep ocean has remained a mystery. Until now. Scientists have discovered the path the oil and followed it to its resting place on the Gulf of Mexico sea floor. By analyzing data from more than 3,000 samples collected at 534 locations over twelve expeditions, the researchers identified a 1,250-square-mile patch of the sea floor on which four to 31 percent of the oil trapped in the deep ocean was deposited. This is the equivalent of 2 to 16 percent of the total oil discharged during the accident.
Building a network of canals to save Boston from sea level rise
By the end of the century, sea-level rise on the U.S. east coast is predicted to reach six feet, so city planners in Boston recently met to discuss how to live with rising waters along the city's historic streets. One suggestion is to turn Boston's Back Bay district into a network of canals. The canals would alleviate sea-level rise by draining water into lower-lying back alleys and some main streets, but the proposed plan would have to contend with freezing temperatures in the winter.
South Florida wants to secede from Florida over sea level rise
When people talk of "secession" in the United States they typically have Texas, Vermont, or the former Confederate states in mind, and the reasons for driving secession typically have to do with politics or money. Not anymore. The city of South Miami earlier this month passed a resolution which called for southern Florida to secede from the rest of the state, citing climate change as the reason. There are many differences between north and south Florida: South Florida is largely urban and politically tends to lean left, while the north is mostly rural and much more conservative. If south Florida reminds people of New York, the Florida panhandle resembles Alabama. Then there is this: The northern part of the state is, on average, 120 feet above sea level, but much of the southern section averages only fifteen feet above sea level. South Floridian say that the state government in Tallahassee ignores the perils of sea level rise, which are particularly acute in south Florida, so the time has come to separate from the aloof north.
Sea level rise or not, coastal development in south Florida is booming
Miami and Miami Beach are both considered ground zero for the challenges posed by climate change, as both cities will experience considerable sea level rise by mid-century. Constant flooding will become the norm as high tides reach shores, posing a threat to property and human life. As discouraging as the future may seem for South Florida, residents, real estate investors, and companies are increasing their investments in the area.
Study finds 1934 had worst drought of last thousand years
A new study using a reconstruction of North American drought history over the last 1,000 years found that the drought of 1934 was the driest and most widespread of the last millennium. Using a tree-ring-based drought record from the years 1000 to 2005 and modern records, scientists found the 1934 drought was 30 percent more severe than the runner-up drought (in 1580) and extended across 71.6 percent of western North America. For comparison, the average extent of the 2012 drought was 59.7 percent.
A boom in global natural gas, by itself, will not slow climate change
A new analysis of global energy use, economics, and the climate shows that without new climate policies, expanding the current bounty of inexpensive natural gas alone would not slow the growth of global greenhouse gas emissions worldwide over the long term. Because natural gas emits half the carbon dioxide of coal, many people hoped the recent natural gas boom could help slow climate change — and according to government analyses, natural gas did contribute partially to a decline in U.S. carbon dioxide emissions between 2007 and 2012. In the long run, however, according to this study, a global abundance of inexpensive natural gas would compete with all energy sources — not just higher-emitting coal, but also lower-emitting nuclear and renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar. Inexpensive natural gas would also accelerate economic growth and expand overall energy use.
Floating cities increasingly attractive prospect in the face of sea level rise, floods
More and more urban planners and disaster managers are asking the question: "Has the time come for floating cities?" Experts say thatin the face of climate change-driven sea level rise and shifting weather patterns poised seriously to impact many cities over the course of the next decades, the option of having cities that can accommodate shifting tides is making more and more sense.
In worst-case scenario, sea level would rise 1.8 meters
The climate is getting warmer, the ice sheets are melting and sea levels are rising — but how much? The report of the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2013 was based on the best available estimates of future sea levels, but the panel was not able to come up with an upper limit for sea level rise within this century. Now researchers have calculated the risk for a worst-case scenario. The results indicate that at worst, the sea level would rise a maximum of 1.8 meters – but the much more likely rise in sea level would be around 80 cm.
Reliance on BP, feeble regulations make U.S. partially culpable in Deepwater Horizon oil spill
A recent ruling by a federal judge that BP was "grossly negligent" in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig spill in the Gulf of Mexico placed the majority of blame on the multinational oil and gas company. Although not on trial in this case, the federal government was also culpable in the largest oil spill in U.S. history, according to a new paper. Based on reports from the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, the Chief Council's Report and other government documents, the report's authors determined that the government's reliance on market-based accountability mechanisms and its failure to implement a regulatory process based on a mutually agreed upon set of robust standards and voluntary information disclosure led to the largest oil spill in U.S. history.
As sea level rises, coastal communities brace for more frequent, destructive tidal flooding
Today, many coastal communities are seeing more frequent flooding during high tides. As sea level rises higher over the next fifteen to thirty years, tidal flooding is expected to occur more often, cause more disruption, and even render some areas unusable — all within the time frame of a typical home mortgage. An analysis of fifty-two tide gauges in communities stretching from Portland, Maine to Freeport, Texas shows that most of these communities will experience a steep increase in the number and severity of tidal flooding events over the coming decades, with significant implications for property, infrastructure, and daily life in affected areas. The report warns that given the substantial and nearly ubiquitous rise in the frequency of floods at these fifty-two locations, many other communities along the East and Gulf Coasts will need to brace for similar changes.
Mopping up toxic fire-fighting chemicals
Australian scientists have come up with the solution to a world-wide pollution problem — how to mop up the toxic residues left after the use of special foams to fight fires. The technology uses a modified clay to soak up potential cancer-causing substances in the foam used by fire fighters, defense facilities, and airports worldwide to suppress fires.
Research powerhouses team up to develop climate models for energy applications
Eight national laboratories, four academic institutions, and one private-sector company are partnering in the Climate Modeling for Energy, or ACME, project, designed to accelerate the development and application of fully coupled, state-of-the-science Earth system models for scientific and energy applications. The project will focus initially on three climate-change science drivers and corresponding questions to be answered during the project's initial phase.
California communities running out of water
Since January, a number of California communities in the Central Valley have been experiencing such extreme drought that they have been placed on a "critical water systems" list — a ranking indicating that the areas could run completely dry within sixty days. Many of these areas have had wells dried up since July.
Better planetary vital signs should replace 2° C warming goal as targets for climate action
As climate instability increases across the planet, limiting global surface air temperature increase above pre-industrial levels to an average of 2° C (3.6° F) has become a popular metric for success in the public eye. Two researchers argue, however, that the goal is a misleading one. Though it is a relatively tangible concept to appreciate, the standard does not correlate well to prescribed government actions such as limiting fossil fuel use or establishing carbon markets. "Scientifically, there are better ways to measure the stress that humans are placing on the climate system than the growth of average global surface temperature — which has stalled since 1998 and is poorly coupled to entities that governments and companies can control directly," the researchers say.
California agriculture faces greatest water loss ever seen
California produces nearly half of U.S.-grown fruits, nuts, and vegetables, and nearly a quarter of the nation's milk and cream. Across the nation, consumers regularly buy several crops grown almost entirely in California, including tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, almonds, walnuts, grapes, olives, and figs. Researchers show that California agriculture is weathering its worst drought in decades due to groundwater reserves, but the nation's produce basket may come up dry in the future if it continues to treat those reserves like an unlimited savings account.

subset: commoncrawl


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March 2015: World Social Work Day – promoting the dignity and worth of peoples
In honor of World Social Work Day 2015 we are giving you free online access to over 60 articles on the theme of 'Promoting the Dignity and Worth of Peoples'. This theme is based on the second pillar of the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development.
February 2015: health and social care of the homeless
The February 2015 theme of the arena is "health & social care of the homeless." Homelessness is an international issue — adults and children affected by homelessness face critical issues that stem from poverty, lack of health care, lack of human services, mental health difficulties, disaster, violence, prison release and re-entry into society, and substance abuse. Download a free access article collection of more than 60 peer-reviewed articles – and review several special journal issues.
Explore the health and social care of the homeless collection
January 2015: aging and health
For January 2015, we're happy to showcase gerontology journal and book materials researching the very important topic of aging and health. Please read on to access our free access article collection of 50 journal articles, 2014 special journal issues, information on some of the most recent Routledge books, and to visit the Routledge Gerontology Arena.


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This was my first time ordering from MJM Magic, I ordered 4 of the Crimson Decks on a Saturday at about 1 o'clock. I received my package the...Read More ->
MJM, honestly one of the top magic sites today. Great service, great prices, MJM has it all...
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Dave Anderson is the Director of Education and Volunteer Services for the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, where he has worked for more than 19 years. He is responsible for the design and delivery of conservation education programs including field trips, tours and presentations to Forest Society members, conservation partners and the general public.
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Buy houses in Moorhouse Close, Wellington, Telford TF1 - 5 bedrooms
Offers in region of £395,000
Powder Lane, Wellington, Telford TF1Detached house for sale - 5 bedrooms
A spacious one off detached dwelling occupying a splendid plot. The property is approached over an unadopted road leading to the full height electric gates which, combined with a 6ft wall, screens a generous lawned garden. The property is split over ... More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Wellington (Shropshire) (0.6 miles)
- Oakengates (3.3 miles)
Marketed by DB Roberts and Partners, TF1. Call 01952 739280