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Anatomic Pathology / OSTEOSARCOMA
Anatomic and Histologic Variants
Michael J. Klein, MD, and Gene P. Siegal, MD, PhD
Key Words: Osteosarcoma; Malignant bone tumors; Bones; Imaging
A b s t r a c t
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor
of bone, yet its absolute incidence among malignant
tumors is low. Within its strict histologic definition,
osteosarcoma comprises a family of lesions with
considerable diversity in histologic features and grade.
Its prognosis is dependent not only on these parameters
but also on its anatomic site. It may occur inside the
bones (in the intramedullary or intracortical
compartment), on the surfaces of bones, and in
extraosseous sites. Information of diagnostic or
prognostic significance has not been elucidated from
studies of its cytogenetics. This review summarizes the
anatomic and histologic variations of osteosarcoma
and offers a schema for its subclassification.
At an estimated incidence of 2 cases per million persons
per year, osteosarcoma is the most common malignant pri-
mary bone tumor excluding hematopoietic intraosseous
tumors. Although it occurs at any age, its peak incidence is in
the second and third decades. Its statistical distribution rough-
ly parallels skeletal growth; it is more frequent in tall people
than in short people and in larger animals than in smaller ani-
mals.1Bones having the fastest rates of growth have the high-
est frequency of occurrence. When osteosarcoma appears ear-
lier than the second decade or after the cessation of skeletal
growth, there is often an association with another osseous
abnormality. This may be a genetic predisposition such as the
Li-Fraumeni or Beckman-Wiederman syndrome,2,3an under-
lying abnormality such as Paget disease4or fibrous dysplasia
that has a predilection for the development of osteosarcoma,5
or previous radiation of the bone involved.
The definition of osteosarcoma is deceptively straightfor-
ward. It is a malignant tumor of connective tissue (mesoder-
mal) origin within which the tumor cells produce bone or
osteoid (often referred to as "tumor bone" or "tumor osteoid"
in the vernacular). Although this makes it seem as though the
cells giving rise to osteosarcoma must be of osteoblastic deri-
vation, there is no evidence that osteoblasts, once they differ-
entiate from osteoprogenitor cells, can actually revert to more
primitive cells, let alone malignant ones. This implication is
inherent in the more arcane term osteogenic sarcoma, which
has fallen into disuse.
An additional feature often encountered in osteosarcomas
is their propensity to produce variable amounts of cartilage
matrix and fibrous tissue. In some cases, the cartilage matrix
or fibrous tissue may so strikingly dominate the tumor tissue
that the actual production of bone must be carefully sought to
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make the correct diagnosis. Because osteosarcoma may differ-
entiate along all or any of these pathways of matrix synthesis,
it has more of a histologic similarity to fracture callus or
fibrous dysplasia than it does to differentiated bone
matrix–producing tumors such as osteoid osteoma or
osteoblastoma. This has given rise to the 3 traditional subdivi-
sions of osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic
osteosarcoma. In actuality, most osteosarcomas demonstrate
varying amounts of all 3 cell types and matrix. Consequently,
division into any one of these types is arbitrary and capricious
but generally is meant to signify greater than 50% predomi-
nance of any histologic type.
Although osteosarcoma usually arises in the medullary
cavity of the metaphysis of a growing long tubular bone, it
also may arise on the surface of a bone, it may be confined to
the cortex, or it even may arise in an extraskeletal site. The
osteosarcomas arising on the bone surfaces are about 20 times
less frequent than their medullary counterparts. Interestingly,
the majority of osteosarcomas of medullary origin are high-
grade, whereas most arising on the surfaces of bones are of
lower grade. Patients with surface osteosarcomas are often a
decade or more older than typical patients with central
osteosarcomas. Occasionally, high- and low-grade elements
may be present in any given case of osteosarcoma. In these
cases, the biologic behavior is usually that of the histological-
ly highest grade area of the neoplasm.
Patients with osteosarcomas usually have nonspecific
clinical symptoms, the most common of which is pain for sev-
eral weeks or months. The pain often begins insidiously, but
by the time patients come to medical attention, their pain is
present at rest or even disturbs their sleep. The most common
sign is a mass that is almost always firm and tender. There
may be superficial erythema, venous distension, or other signs
of hypervascularity. There may be a limp, loss of function, or
even decreased range of motion. Any of these symptoms or
signs is cause for further clinical investigation.
The imaging studies usually suggest a malignant
tumor; at least half the time the specific diagnosis can be
made from conventional radiographs. Especially character-
istic is an ill-defined radiodensity occupying the metaphy-
seal region of a long bone. The intraosseous density often
has a diffusely cloudy or fluffy appearance. Although there
is seldom a fracture or cortical infraction in osteosarcoma,
it is usual for the tumor to permeate the extant passages
not only between osseous trabeculae but also of the
Haversian systems and Volkmann canals. As the tumor
reaches the outer cortical surface, the periosteum is dis-
sected from the bone. The cambium layer of the inner
periosteum reacts to separation from the cortex by produc-
ing new bone, which is sometimes visible as an incomplete
bony shell that appears attached to the bone surface on
only one end and is open or discontinuous in the middle, a
so-called Codman angle. Other kinds of periosteal reac-
tions may cause so-called sunburst or hair-on-end radi-
ographic densities ❚Image 1❚.
Although periosteal new bone formation sometimes is
associated with benign conditions, periosteal reactions associ-
ated with malignant tumors usually are discontinuous, imply-
ing that the tumor growth is too rapid for periosteal contain-
ment.6In some cases, conventional radiographs may suggest a
malignant tumor that is not osteosarcoma.7This is especially
true when a large proportion of the osteoid matrix in an
osteosarcoma is not well mineralized. In rarer cases, the radi-
ograph may not even appear to represent a malignant tumor.8
It must be kept in mind that although radiographs usually cor-
relate well with histologic studies of bone tumors, radiographs
merely reflect statistical odds ratios and, thus, the likelihood
that a lesion is, first, a tumor, and second, malignant or benign.
Like all statistics, there are some lesions of bone that are out-
liers and may not correlate well with the radiographic appear-
ance; this is precisely the reason that even classically appear-
ing bone lesions must be biopsied ❚Image 2❚.
Historically, the malignant nature of osteosarcoma
became obvious with the appearance of lung metastases, usu-
ally in about 18 months to 2 years after first diagnosis, and the
❚Image 1❚ A, Lateral radiograph of the distal femur
demonstrates typical radiographic features of osteosarcoma.
Radiodense, cloudy bone lies within an ill-defined
radiolucency of the femoral metadiaphysis. The arrows delimit
a very large soft tissue mass containing bone matrix. A
Codman angle periosteal reaction is highlighted with an
arrowhead. B, Lateral radiograph in a different case
demonstrating a very large extraosseous, radiodense mass
that contains extensively interrupted periosteal "streamers, "
forming a "sunburst" periosteal reaction.
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5-year survival was on the order of 20%. Although its degree
of malignancy has not changed, modern adjuvant chemother-
apy has increased this survival more than 3-fold,9and even
people with metastatic disease sometimes can be saved.10,11
Because osteosarcoma may produce various kinds of
extracellular matrix and have different degrees of differen-
tiation, its histologic pattern may vary significantly, not
only from case to case but also from area to area in the same
case. Its classification into various subtypes is not only by
the predominant histologic pattern, but also by its anatomic
location and sometimes by its histologic grade ❚Table 1❚ and
❚Table 2❚.
The tendency to subclassify osteosarcomas in this way
makes it seem that there are as many variations of this tumor
as any tumor in the oncologic realm. The tendency to subdi-
vide so rare a tumor into many such compartments also
makes straightforward diagnosis more difficult for the gener-
al surgical pathologist. In a significant number of cases, how-
ever, the subclassification of osteosarcoma matters only if a
given subtype behaves or responds to treatment in a consis-
tently different way. The remainder of this review is dedicat-
ed to the comparison of these subtypes histologically,
anatomically, and biologically.
Conventional Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is diagnosed most easily when it appears
in its classic, or conventional, form. The tumor cells vary from
spindled to polyhedral; their nuclei are pleomorphic and
hyperchromatic. Mitotic figures are easily demonstrable, and
atypical mitotic figures also may be identified. The tumor cells
are engaged in the production of extracellular matrix that may
be osseous, cartilaginous, or fibrous in various proportions.
The production of bone or osteoid directly by tumor cells at
least somewhere in the tumor is the absolute requirement for
diagnosis ❚Image 3❚.
As noted previously, conventional osteosarcoma histor-
ically has been divided into osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and
fibroblastic subtypes depending on the predominant type of
extracellular matrix ❚Image 4❚. This separation is largely arti-
ficial because there is no statistical difference in the survival
of patients with high-grade tumors of these 3 histologic
types and the treatment for all types is the same. Of some
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 2❚ A, An osteosarcoma that appears completely
radiolucent and has a sclerotic, fairly circumscribed upper
border, mimicking a benign lesion. Although the radiographs
show little intraosseous radiodensity apart from a vague
haziness near the sclerotic area, the lateral tibial border
shows that the cortex is interrupted and there is a small
interrupted periosteal reaction. B, Biopsy of the radiolucent
mass demonstrates an osteosarcoma in which there is little
bone/osteoid matrix (upper left) but obviously bizarre,
pleomorphic malignant polyhedral tumor cells, apparent to
the trained observer as malignant (H&E, ×400).
❚Table 1❚
Osteosarcoma Types
Small cell
Giant cell–rich
Low-grade central
Fibrous dysplasia–like
Desmoplastic fibroma–like
Dedifferentiated parosteal
High-grade surface
❚Table 2❚
Osteosarcoma by Anatomic Site
Soft tissue
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diagnostic interest is that occasionally, purely sclerosing
osteosarcoma is difficult to diagnose with a small biopsy
specimen alone because of "normalization," a phenomenon
first described by Jaffe.12In this process, the production of
osseous matrix is in excess to the proportion of tumor cells,
which become incorporated into the bone matrix and resem-
ble normal osteocytes. The production of bone matrix may
be so excessive in sclerosing osteosarcoma that the cellular
component of the tumor is difficult to identify; usually
tumor cells are most obvious at the advancing edge of the
tumor ❚Image 5❚. Of additional importance is the knowledge
that chemotherapy given after a biopsy and before definitive
surgery, if successful, often causes a similar normalization
effect along with necrosis. This phenomenon has been
referred to as maturation, and the challenge becomes accu-
rately quantifying the degree of tumor necrosis for prognos-
tication and postsurgical therapeutic manipulation.13
Occasionally, the pattern of tumor advancement in scle-
rosing osteosarcoma is the deposition of bone matrix along
the interseptal spaces between adipocytes in the marrow cav-
ity. In this case, the surface tension of the fat globules in the
marrow adipocytes forces the tumor cells and their matrix
production to follow the path of least resistance between
adipocytes. The low-power appearance of this type of tumor
spread resembles adipose tissue but with thicker than normal
septa ❚Image 6❚. These thick septa actually are composed of
delicate immature bone that surrounds the adipocytes; how-
ever, because sections usually are decalcified, the presence
of this bone (and the fact that the thick interlobular septa are,
in fact, bone matrix) is obscured. The diagnosis becomes
obvious if radiopathologic correlation is performed, because
these tumors usually are radiodense and not circumscribed
❚Image 7❚. In addition, this type of tumor may have soft tis-
sue extension on the imaging studies that is not obvious in a
small bone biopsy specimen.
Histologic grading in osteosarcomas is important in the
oncologic staging of the tumor and for determining adjuvant
treatment in addition to surgery. There are several grading sys-
tems for osteosarcoma, but there is a variable degree of sub-
jectivity in each. The 4-tiered grading system popularized by
the Mayo Clinic group is based on the original Broders grad-
ing of squamous cell carcinomas of the lip.14In Broders'
schema, the numeric grade of the tumor from 1 to 4, was
equated to the percentage of anaplasia in the tumor (from
≤25% to 100%). Assuming that the most important factor in
grading is the cytologic atypia of tumor cells,14any significant
focus of anaplasia in an osteosarcoma would itself represent
grade 4 disease.
In practice, almost all conventional central osteosarco-
mas are assigned a grade of 3 or 4; ie, they are high grade.
The osteosarcomas assigned a histologic grade of 1 are low-
grade central osteosarcoma and the usual form of parosteal
osteosarcoma. In the low-grade osteosarcomas, there not
only is absence of anaplasia, but also on a cytologic basis
alone, it is difficult to recognize these entities as neoplasms.
Should a focus of anaplastic tumor be identified within what
is otherwise a grade 1 tumor, the tumor is termed dedifferen-
tiated, and it is assumed that its biologic behavior will fol-
low a highly malignant course consistent with conventional
In the bone and soft tissue staging schema outlined by
the Society of Musculoskeletal Oncology, without demon-
strable metastatic disease, the staging depends on whether
the tumor is high or low grade.9For the purposes of treat-
ment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (given before defini-
tive resection), an orthopedic oncologist needs to know only
whether the grade is sufficiently high to offer chemotherapy
in the treatment regimen. Because almost all conventional
osteosarcomas are high-grade tumors and almost all surface
osteosarcomas are low-grade tumors, it may make more
sense from a treatment standpoint to report osteosarcomas
as high or low grade in a 2-tiered system. The reported
exceptions to this are some gnathic osteosarcomas and
periosteal osteosarcomas in which the degree of atypia is
higher than that usually seen in grade 1 tumors but insuffi-
cient for the diagnosis of grade 2 or 3 tumors.14These
tumors would be called intermediate grade if they were
inserted into a 2-tiered system, and the decision to add sys-
temic therapy would be subject to the experience of the
orthopedic oncologist.
❚Image 3❚ Classic osteosarcoma in which there is abundant
production of osteoid and bone matrix in a lacy pattern into
which the malignant cells are incorporated. Because these
sections usually are decalcified, the terms osteoid and
immature bone are interchangeable, especially if the imaging
studies do not reveal the precise biopsy site (H&E, ×250).
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Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a type of osteosarcoma
that resembles aneurysmal bone cyst radiographically and his-
tologically.16The lesion almost always produces radiolucent
bone destruction, and there is often asymmetric expansion of
the bone involved. Unlike in aneurysmal bone cyst, a thin shell
of periosteal neocortex may not be observed. There is some-
times an interrupted periosteal reaction, which is a clue to the
correct diagnosis; however, because little bone is formed in
this lesion, it is not unusual for new bone to be absent radi-
ographically. On the other hand, the increased sensitivity of
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 4❚ Conventional osteosarcoma. A, So-called osteoblastic osteosarcoma is dominated by the production of extracellular
bone matrix. This medium-power field demonstrates immature bone deposition in a pattern resembling lace into which tumor
cells are incorporated (H&E, ×100). The clinical radiograph (not shown) was radiodense in the area from which the biopsy was
obtained. B, So-called chondroblastic osteosarcoma. This medium-power field is dominated by cellular hyaline cartilage but
shows a few wisps of osteoid formation at the upper right (H&E, ×100). The radiographic appearance depends on the
predominant matrix type in the tumor; noncalcified cartilage portions are radiolucent. C, So-called fibroblastic osteosarcoma is
dominated by spindle cells resembling atypical fibroblasts, usually contains little bone matrix (H&E, ×250), and is radiolucent.
D, Pleomorphic osteosarcoma might appear fibrohistiocytic or epithelioid and sometimes poses a difficult diagnostic problem
because extracellular matrix is scant (H&E, ×250) and the lesion is radiolucent. Pleomorphic bone sarcomas in children usually
fall into this category.
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❚Image 5❚ "Normalization" of conventional osteosarcoma. A,
Low-power view of cancellous bone spicules (blue and yellow)
shows marrow replacement by osteosarcomatous bone matrix
that appears compact (including Haversian systems) using
partially polarized light with a first-order compensator (H&E,
×20). B, Higher magnification of normalized area demonstrates
somewhat immature bone matrix in which tumor cells seem to
be compressed into the appearance of osteocytes
(hematoxylin-phloxine-safranin [HPS], ×50). If this field were
taken out of context (ie, if it were not understood that this
matrix was displacing normal marrow adipose tissue),
malignancy of the lesion might not be detected. C, The
advancing edge of the bone matrix demonstrates a greater
number of pleomorphic enlarged tumor cell nuclei that do not
appear to be osteocytes (HPS, ×250).
❚Image 6❚ Sclerosing osteosarcoma. A, Low-power magnification demonstrating subtle marrow septal permeation pattern.
The adipocyte shapes are clearly visible, but the interadipocytic septa are thickened (H&E, ×25). B, At higher magnification,
the outlines of the fat vacuoles are preserved, but the septa are thick and eosinophilic. A small bone trabecula is present in
the center (H&E, ×100). C. The same photograph in polarized light reveals that the pink septa are composed of anisotropic
immature collagen, which is bright in polarized light, whereas normal adipocyte septa are invisible. In the center of the field is a
small preexistent bone trabecula that is lamellar (arrows) surrounded by the immature neoplastic bone (H&E, ×100). D, Another
field in the same tumor stained by the hematoxylin-phloxine-safranin (HPS) method demonstrates that the immature osteoid
surrounding the adipocytes is safranophilic (yellow), whereas the preexistent mature bone trabecula is phloxiphilic (pink) and
lamellar. At this magnification, normalizing tumor cells can just be discerned (HPS, ×100). E, At higher magnification, normalizing
tumor cells are discerned more easily (HPS, ×250). F, Later in the process, the sclerotic bone matrix has overwhelmed the
architecture of the adipose tissue and its normalization belies its malignant nature if taken out of context (H&E, ×100).
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computed tomography (CT) scanning has resulted in a detect-
ed incidence of some bone matrix in 85% of tumors, and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has detected fluid levels
in 74% of tumors examined.17The lesion usually is com-
posed of multiple blood-filled sinusoids, and there is little
solid tissue to evaluate. Consequently, at low power, telan-
giectatic osteosarcoma bears a striking resemblance to
aneurysmal bone cyst. At higher power, the presence of
nuclear pleomorphism and a high mitotic rate usually are
obvious. In contrast, the sinusoidal lining cells are bland or
even inapparent in aneurysmal bone cysts. In telangiectatic
osteosarcoma, there usually is local destruction manifest by
permeation of the process into adjacent marrow or cortical
Haversian spaces. The replacement of normal anatomic
spaces by a growing process is a usual histologic feature of
malignancy ❚Image 8❚. Although the production of bone or
osteoid by the tumor cells helps considerably in formulating
the diagnosis, extracellular matrix tends to be histologically
sparse in telangiectatic osteosarcoma.
Giant cell–rich osteosarcoma (see later below) seems to
be linked to telangiectatic osteosarcoma at a rate greater than
chance. In addition, telangiectatic osteosarcoma, like
aneurysmal bone cyst, often contains foci of such osteoclast-
like giant cells. We speculate that an element in blood or a
breakdown product may serve as a giant cell stimulus to the
region in all 3 conditions.
Before the institution of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the
prognosis for telangiectatic osteosarcoma was statistically
more dismal than that for conventional osteosarcoma.16With
the advent of chemotherapy, the prognosis for telangiectatic
osteosarcoma has been reported as being as good as or even
better than that associated with the conventional types of
osteosarcoma.9Although the reasons for this are unclear, most
of the chemotherapy regimens for osteosarcoma are active
during the proliferative (S) phase of the cell cycle; a histolog-
ic comparison of conventional and telangiectatic osteosarco-
ma often suggests fewer total tumor cells with a higher growth
fraction in the latter.
Small Cell Osteosarcoma
Small cell osteosarcoma is a rare histologic variant of
osteosarcoma with histologic features combining those of
osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.18It constitutes between
1% and 2% of all osteosarcomas.19The radiologic features
are not consistently typical for osteosarcoma because there
often is very little mineralized matrix produced.
Histologically, it may be mistaken for Ewing sarcoma/primi-
tive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) because its cells are
small and have round, hyperchromatic nuclei with very little
of the nuclear pleomorphism characteristic of conventional
high-grade osteosarcoma. Close observation sometimes
reveals spindling of tumor cells. This finding is not character-
istic of the Ewing/PNET group of tumors. In addition, the pro-
duction of osteoid by tumor cells is not a characteristic feature
of Ewing sarcoma, whereas it always is identified to confirm
a diagnosis of osteosarcoma ❚Image 9❚.
Several features reported in small cell osteosarcoma
make it a controversial diagnosis. First, many, if not all, small
cell osteosarcomas display a similar immunohistochemical
profile to that of Ewing sarcoma/PNET. The most important
of these is positive membrane staining for CD99, a marker of
expression of the MIC-2 gene product. This marker is typical
for tumors in the Ewing sarcoma/PNET group, mesenchymal
chondrosarcoma, and some primitive hematopoietic tumors,
but it is not found in other types of osteosarcoma.
Furthermore, the reciprocal translocation between chromo-
somes 11 and 22, the most common one found in the Ewing
sarcoma/PNET tumor family, occasionally has been reported
in a small cell osteosarcoma, whereas it is not a feature of
other subtypes of osteosarcoma. Some authors believe that
tumors showing this translocation should be considered
Ewing sarcoma/PNET regardless of whether they produce
osteoid, implying that it is possible that some of the tumors
classified as small cell osteosarcomas actually are Ewing sar-
coma family tumors with divergent differentiation.9The matter
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 7❚ Radiographic examples of sclerosing
osteosarcoma. A, The lesion is cloudy, radiodense, and
metaphyseal. The inferior border is not distinct, and there is
lateral extension outside the bone. B, Diaphyseal lesion from
which the sections in Image 6 are derived. Note the very
radiodense lesion that not only has poorly defined osseous
confines but also produces interrupted, bulky, cloudy, and
trabeculated bone in the soft tissues.
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is not entirely trivial because response to adjuvant chemother-
apy for osteosarcoma has been variable and less successful in
patients with small cell osteosarcoma.19Moreover, Ewing sar-
comas, which are exquisitely radiosensitive, may require radi-
ation for local control, but osteosarcomas are almost always
insensitive to that approach.
Epithelioid Osteosarcoma
Epithelioid osteosarcoma is an osteosarcoma in which the
tumor cells are so poorly differentiated that it is difficult to deter-
mine histologically whether the tumor is a sarcoma or a carcino-
ma.14If there are areas of histologically typical osteosarcoma
❚Image 8❚ Telangiectatic osteosarcoma. A, B, and C, A radiolucent destructive lesion originally thought to be an aneurysmal bone
cyst because of the eccentric radiolucent expansion (A). Curettings were thought to represent aneurysmal bone cyst (E, H&E, ×50).
One month later, the patient returned with pain and increasing size of mass, and there was virtual destruction and expansion of the
entire metaphyseal region of the right humerus. Retrospectively, the radiographs in A were noted to have a medial interrupted
periosteal reaction. A portion of the cortex from the second procedure demonstrated permeation of Haversian canals by a vascular,
osteoid-producing tumor (F, H&E, ×50), and the diagnosis of telangiectatic osteosarcoma was made. The patient returned after 2
cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mass had continued to grow and was excised owing to lack of clinical response (C and D).
The radiograph demonstrates virtually no humeral structure proximal to the diaphysis (C). D, The gross specimen demonstrates a
hemorrhagic, necrotic mass sparing only the medial articular cartilage. Although the histologic sections demonstrated significant
necrosis after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, viable tumor with obvious pleomorphism was still demonstrable (G, H&E, ×250), and the
hypervascular and sinusoidal architecture responsible for its initial misdiagnosis were still present (H, H&E, ×250).
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with obvious matrix formation elsewhere, the diagnosis is made
easily. On the other hand, if the tumor cells resemble epithelial
cells and there is little osteoid, the diagnosis becomes more com-
plicated. The tumor cells often are round or polyhedral rather
than spindle-shaped. Their round or ovoid enlarged nuclei may
contain 1 or more prominent nucleoli, and the tumor cells may
even appear as cohesive as in some poorly differentiated carci-
nomas. The cells may demonstrate gland-like structures14or
even contain cells arranged in papillary configurations. Although
the association has yet to be validated scientifically, we have
seen this pattern more often in postradiation osteosarcomas.
If tumors like these are observed in the bones of young
patients, osteosarcoma should be considered strongly as the
diagnosis. In older patients, the diagnosis of a poorly differen-
tiated metastatic carcinoma is more likely.14A diligent, care-
ful search for osteoid matrix should be carried out, particular-
ly in young patients, because immunohistochemical analysis
may demonstrate keratins even in usual osteosarcomas. The
effectiveness of this technique may be observing the tissue
through crossed polarizers for woven bone after staining the
sections with Sirius red or some other enhancer of collagen
anisotropism ❚Image 10❚.20
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 9❚ Small cell osteosarcoma. The lesion is highly destructive and has no obvious radiodensity suggestive of osteosarcoma
on routine radiograph (A) and computed tomography scan (B). C, The tumor above the bone trabecula appears to be composed
of small cells dominated by round, blue nuclei suggestive of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The tumor below
the trabecula demonstrates that the tumor cells are separated by pink matrix (H&E, ×50). D, At higher magnification, the tumor
cells above the trabecula are indistinguishable from Ewing sarcoma (H&E, ×250). E, At the same magnification, the tumor cells
below the trabecula are clearly producing osteoid matrix (H&E, ×250).
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Osteoblastoma-like and
Chondroblastoma-like Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcomas occasionally may be similar histological-
ly to other types of benign matrix-producing tumors.
Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma resembles osteoblastoma
histologically in that it produces the same sort of microtrabec-
ular bone lined by osteoblasts as does osteoblastoma. The
radiographic appearance often suggests a malignant tumor21;
however, this may not be completely helpful because there is
no constant radiographic pattern for osteoblastoma, which
occasionally has the radiographic signs of malignancy.
To make matters more complicated, some osteoblas-
tomas may contain atypical-appearing osteoblasts,22and a
spectrum of histologically overlapping lesions ranging from
biologically quiescent to aggressive has been described.23
The most important histologic parameters for malignancy
include permeation of architecturally normal bone at its inter-
face with tumor24and aneuploid mitotic activity ❚Image 11❚,
whereas benign osteoblastic tumors tend to show maturation
❚Image 10❚ Epithelioid osteosarcoma. The anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs demonstrate an ill-defined process
showing a few indistinct, cloudy densities and a small posterior soft tissue mass. C, The coronal T1-weighted magnetic
resonance image demonstrates that the mass is in the lateral femoral condyle and extends into the overlying subperiosteal soft
tissue. D, Histologic sections reveal clusters of polyhedral cells aggregated about central cores resembling papillary structures;
some of these contain osteoid rather than vessels (H&E, ×150). E, Higher magnification demonstrates epithelioid round cells
loosely disposed among a few wisps of osteoid (H&E, ×250). F, An area similar to that in E stained with Sirius red F3BA and
photographed in polarized light (×500). This technique emphasizes the osteoid.
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and circumscription at their edges.21Because of this, differen-
tiating this type of osteosarcoma from osteoblastoma may be
extremely difficult, especially in small biopsy samples.25
Rarely, osteosarcomas may appear histologically to be a
chondroblastoma.26Chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma
may or may not be epiphyseal. When it is epiphyseal and
well circumscribed, it is a very difficult diagnosis to make
because radiologic studies specifically suggest a benign diag-
nosis. In these cases, the diagnosis must be made histological-
ly in the face of conflicting radiographic data. Histologically,
its difference from chondroblastoma may be extremely subtle
because despite its clinically benign behavior, chondroblas-
toma itself is a mitotically active, primitive tumor. This type of
osteosarcoma is best distinguished by its osteoid or bone for-
mation, atypical mitotic activity, and infiltration of adjacent
intertrabecular spaces ❚Image 12❚.
Both osteoblastoma-like and chondroblastoma-like
osteosarcomas are extremely rare, but their accurate diagnosis
is important because like their more common conventional
counterparts, they may metastasize.
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 11❚Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma. A, The anteroposterior radiograph demonstrates a well-circumscribed tumor. B, The fat-
suppressed T2coronal magnetic resonance image demonstrates that the tumor has a bright signal, focally involves the growth
plate, and may involve the overlying soft tissues and cause edema. C, The resected specimen demonstrates obliteration of the growth
plate medially and an organized periosteal reaction. Tumor external to the cortex is not present following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
D, E, and F, Representative histologic features before specimen resection. D, Microtrabecular osteoid lined by osteoblast-like cells
as seen in osteoblastomas (H&E, ×100). E, Foci of lace-like osteoid and hyaline cartilage in other microscopic fields from the same
lesion (H&E, ×250). F, Focal permeation of normal cancellous bone and marrow adjacent to the tumor mass (H&E, ×150).
Page 12
Am J Clin Pathol 2006;125:555-581
© American Society for Clinical Pathology
Klein and Siegal / OSTEOSARCOMA
Giant Cell–Rich Osteosarcoma
About 25% of osteosarcomas contain benign multinucle-
ated giant cells resembling osteoclasts.14Rarely, an osteosar-
coma may contain so many benign giant cells that the malig-
nant elements in the background are obscured; in these cases,
the lesion may be mistaken histologically for a giant cell
tumor.26This is more apt to occur in the sacrum, where giant
cell tumor is much more common than osteosarcoma and the
radiographic differences between giant cell tumor and
osteosarcoma are less apparent than in long bones, where the
radiographic differences are more conventional and osteosar-
comas are more common. As noted previously, multinucleat-
ed giant cells tend to be more numerous in telangiectatic
osteosarcomas than in other types of osteosarcomas, but they
are not distributed uniformly in any of the solid areas of tumor
tissue. In addition, there usually is a great deal of nuclear pleo-
morphism evident in telangiectatic osteosarcomas ❚Image 13❚.
By comparison, the usual giant cell tumor tends to arise
in skeletally mature people and extends from the area that
❚Image 12❚ Chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma. The lateral (A) and anteroposterior (B) radiographs demonstrate a well-
circumscribed radiolucency centered in the end of the bone. C, The computed tomography scan demonstrates that the borders
are indeed well circumscribed and the lesion is confined to the bone. D, Most of the histologic features are that of a monotonous
lesion composed of uniform cells with demarcated cytoplasmic borders and with bean-shaped, ovoid nuclei and rather fine,
lattice-like calcifications in a chondroid background (H&E, ×400). The overall initial biopsy impression was chondroblastoma;
however, a few atypical mitoses raised suspicions of osteosarcoma. E, A more thorough sampling revealed foci of typical lace-like
osteoid infiltrating cancellous bone at the periphery (H&E, ×150), and the diagnosis of osteosarcoma was made.
Page 13
Am J Clin Pathol 2006;125:555-581 567
567 567
© American Society for Clinical Pathology
corresponds to the metaphyseal side of the growth plate to the
ends of the long bones. In the absence of a fracture, a
periosteal reaction also is uncommon in an uncomplicated
giant cell tumor. A tumor that appears to be a giant cell tumor
histologically but arises in a skeletally immature person,
therefore, should be regarded with great suspicion and sam-
pled widely to rule out osteosarcoma. This is particularly true
if it is accompanied by a visible periosteal reaction.
True giant cell tumors also may develop malignant
tumors within them. When a sarcoma is identified within the
tissue of an otherwise atypical giant cell tumor, the diagnosis
often made to describe this event is a "primary malignant giant
cell tumor." A histologically typical giant cell tumor previous-
ly curetted that recurs and histologically shows sarcomatous
tissue often is described as a "secondary malignant giant cell
tumor." Primary malignant giant cell tumor is clinically half as
common as secondary malignant giant cell tumor. The type of
sarcoma associated with both may be a spindle cell sarcoma
with little or no extracellular matrix, but it may, in fact, contain
osteoid matrix. If the malignant component replaces otherwise
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 13❚ Giant cell–rich osteosarcoma. The anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs reveal a locally destructive tumor
extending from the metaphysis to the articular end of the bone. There is internal circumscription and no discernible periosteal
reaction. C, The coronal fat-suppressed magnetic resonance image demonstrates that the lesion has a heterogeneous
isointense to hyperintense signal. The clinical diagnosis was giant cell tumor. D and E, Histologic sections demonstrate a giant
cell rich lesion with mononuclear background; however, nuclear atypia and atypical mitotic activity are clearly shown (E) (D, H&E,
×200; E, H&E, ×400). F, Individually malignant mononuclear cells and even polyploid giant cells within a collagenized matrix
focally having the properties of osteoid (H&E, ×250).
Page 14
Am J Clin Pathol 2006;125:555-581
© American Society for Clinical Pathology
Klein and Siegal / OSTEOSARCOMA
typically conventional areas of giant cell tumor without
replacing all of the giant cells, it would be easy to mistake the
lesion for a giant cell tumor if there is little matrix present. It
is possible that this also is a source of some of the giant
cell–rich osteosarcomas reported in the literature.
Osteosarcomas that appear fibrohistiocytic resemble
fibroblastic osteosarcoma histologically and, in addition,
have a storiform arrangement and histiocytic giant cells
❚Image 14❚. They contain smaller amounts of detectable
bone matrix and tend to arise at a later age than convention-
al osteosarcomas.27
Gnathic Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcomas of the mandible and maxilla usually man-
ifest with swelling or pain. Radiographically, they often are
radiolucent or a mixture of radiolucent and radiodense areas.28
Anecdotally, we have seen several cases in which the conven-
tional radiographs appear unremarkable, creating a dichotomy
in clinical symptomatology, radiographic presentation, and
histopathologic appearance. Gnathic osteosarcomas tend to be
predominantly chondroblastic in matrix production ❚Image
15❚, but osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and even small cell types
❚Image 14❚ Osteosarcoma, so-called fibrohistiocytic variant. A, The conventional radiograph demonstrates a destructive lesion of
the proximal humerus extending to the articular end. There is some sclerosis in the humerus just distal to the humeral head.
Coronal magnetic resonance imaging studies in T1(B) and T2(C) demonstrate hypointensity in T1and hyperintensity in T2. There
is a soft tissue mass and periosteal reaction inferolaterally. D, Most of the lesion has a fibrohistiocytic pattern with a cellular
stroma and storiform arrangement of tumor cells (H&E, ×150). E, Areas of definite osteoid production are identified focally
juxtaposed to the tumor cells (H&E, ×400).
Page 15
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569 569
© American Society for Clinical Pathology
have been described.29Although they often are high-grade
tumors histologically, they tend to give rise to uncontrolled
local disease, with a small minority of patients developing dis-
tant metastatic disease. For this reason, and not on a histolog-
ic basis, they usually are thought of as pathologic entities dif-
ferent from conventional osteosarcoma.30
Osteosarcomas arising in nongnathic craniofacial bones
tend to arise in older patients, often are associated with an
underlying predisposing condition such as Paget disease or
previous radiation, and have a biologic potential more like that
of conventional osteosarcoma.31
Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma
This unusual variant of osteosarcoma constitutes a very
small percentage of osteosarcomas. Its microtrabecular
osseous matrix architecture in a bland fibrous stroma bears
some resemblance to fibrous dysplasia and other benign
lesions,32,33but most often it resembles the histologic features
of low-grade parosteal osteosarcoma. If bone formation is
scant, there also is a histologic resemblance to desmoplastic
fibroma,34and 2 reported cases were misdiagnosed initially as
Paget disease.35
Anatomic Pathology / REVIEW ARTICLE
❚Image 15❚ Gnathic osteosarcoma. A, The Panorex radiograph demonstrates a radiolucent space-occupying lesion under the area
of the missing right lower second molar tooth. B, The gross specimen demonstrates rather soft tumor matrix filling the area
under the missing molar and causing erosion of the underlying mandible. Histologic sections at medium (C, H&E, ×100) and
high (D, H&E, ×250) magnifications demonstrate a mostly cartilaginous, highly cellular tumor that contains foci of immature
osteoid production.


text:
cercis canadensis forest pansy
has anyone in z.5 grown this tree successfully for longer than 3 yrs.? i posted this same question on the tree forum and no one replied. disappointing.
there are beautiful specimnens of this tree at Mahoney's nurseries now but i fear it is not hardy here in z.5. the director of Tower Hill Botan. gdns. in Worcester,Mass. concurs. anyone else comment?
The Royal Horticultural Society rates it as hardy in zone 4, but as always much depends on when you get your first and last frosts, the duration of extreme low temperatures, etc. Zone 5 is close enough to zone 4 that in isolated cold areas you could well be pushing the hardiness beyond its limits.
But that is probably, as it were, "cold" comfort, especially coming from someone in a climate that is the equivalent of your zones 9 or 10.
You may like to visit the link below to see a shot of 'Forest Pansy' that I took during our recent Southern Hemisphere autumn.
Here is a link that might be useful: Cercis candensis 'Forest Pansy' in autumn
I know I'm very late in replying to this, but... I've had a single Forest Pansy for 5 years here in Z5b. After last year's January combination of extreme cold, high winds and very low humidity, I was sure it would not survive - there was not a sign of emerging leaves until early June, but after that it put on tremendous growth, no doubt helped by a summer of frequent rain. Anything that survived last year I would say is fully hardy in Zone 5.
I have one 3 yrs old in zone 6... its an incredibly beautiful tree. I am glad to know it is hardy to zone 5.
Our winters here the past few years have been milder than normal and almost feel more like zone 7. I have been wondering about my forest pansy and some other plants/trees etc that i have acquired the past few yrs and how they will fare when our typical winters resume.
i wonder why the 10 yr old tree mentioned began to struggle. that would be good general info to know.
I was first shown the Forest Pansy by a landscaper friend of mine here in Denver and fell in love. I started the search for one, but my two favorite (and very reputable) nurseries very vehemently advised me against it - same thing, that they would grow for a few years and then inexplicably have problems or just literally fall over. They said if I wanted to do it to make sure to find a sheltered spot and be ready to really baby it. I am more a fan of unfussy plants so I went with amur maples and a serviceberry instead. I'd say redbuds in our zone may be a roll of the dice - do you feel lucky?? :)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- March 16, 2015
On March 19, 20, and 21, Yo-Yo Ma returns to Chicago for performances with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and conductor Charles Dutoit. The program will feature the cellist and CSO Judson and Joyce Green Creative Consultant as soloist in Saint-Saëns's La muse et le poète and Lalo's Cello Concerto.
- March 12, 2015
Yo-Yo Ma to close 2015 Festival Pablo Casals with Orquesta Sinfónica de Puerto Rico and Maximiano Valdés
This Saturday, March 14, Yo-Yo Ma guests with the Orquesta Sinfónica de Puerto Rico and conductor Maximiano Valdés for the closing performance of the Festival Pablo Casals in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The program sees Ma as soloist in Edward Elgar's Concerto for Cello and Orchestra in program that also includes works by Carlos Carillo and Ottorino Respighi.
- February 18, 2015
Yo-Yo Ma and Wu Tong give U.S. premiere of Zhao Lin's Duo in New York Philharmonic Lunar New Year Celebration
On February 24, Yo-Yo Ma and Wu Tong guest with conductor Long Yu and the New York Philharmonic for the U.S. premiere of Zhao Lin's Duo, a double concerto for cello and sheng, as part of the orchestra's Lunar New Year celebration. The sheng is a traditional Chinese woodwind instrument comprised of 17 bamboo pipes.
"One evening Wu Tong presented me with a beautiful melody, 'Swallow Song', a love song heard on both sides of the border between China and Kazakhstan," says Ma. "The next morning, composer Zhao Lin had made an exquisite version for voice and cello of such sensitivity and taste, I thought maybe one day he might be willing to write a piece for Wu Tong and me – the result is this Double Concerto 'Duo'."
Discover the program and purchase tickets to the February 24 concert here.
- February 6, 2015
As part of their 15th anniversary celebration, Yo-Yo Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble embark on an American tour that takes this lab of musical explorers to New York City (February 19, 20, 21), Pittsburgh (February 25), Chapel Hill (February 27), Washington, DC (March 1), Boston (March 4) and Chicago (March 6).
Discover the Silk Road Ensemble's American tour dates here.
In New York City, Ma and the Silk Road Ensemble join Alan Gilbert and the New York Philharmonic for three performances (February 19, 20, 21), which are highlighted by Osvaldo Golijov's Rose of the Winds with the Ensemble alongside the orchestra. While in New York City, the Silk Road Ensemble and Ma will also participate in an open rehearsal on February 19. In Chapel Hill on February 26, Ma and members of the Ensemble will take part in a public conversation moderated by Emil Kang.
"I am so excited to have the opportunity to tour once again with the Silk Road Ensemble this spring," says Silkroad's Artistic Director Yo-Yo Ma. "The Silk Road Ensemble demonstrates different approaches to exploring world traditions in a way that—through collaboration, flexible thinking, and disciplined imagination—allows each to flourish and evolve within its own frame. I also consider the Ensemble a lab for culture—for sharing, for being curious, and for finding connections and building trust. Openness is a choice, and I am grateful to my fellow performers for having made it their choice."
- January 14, 2015
On January 31, 2015, Yo-Yo Ma joins the the Florida Orchestra and conductor Tito Muñoz for a gala concert featuring Dvorak's Cello Concerto. The sold-out performance also includes the composer's Carnival Overture and Rimsky-Korsakov's Capriccio espagnol.
- January 14, 2015
Yo-Yo Ma kicks off 2015 with all-Bach solo recitals in Maui, Sonoma, and Bermuda. On January 22 in Maui, January 24 in Sonoma, and February 1 in Hamilton, Bermuda, Ma performs an all-Bach program comprising the composer's First, Third, and Fifth Cello Suites.


text:
Dr. Stephen D. Grubb, MD
Family Medicine
- 10081 Beach Dr SW
Calabash, NC 28467
- 3 Locations
- (910) 579-7971
Dr. Stephen D. Grubb graduated from the Washington University School of Medicine in 1975. He works in Calabash, NC and 2 other locations and specializes in Family Medicine. Dr. Grubb is affiliated with Grand Strand Regional Medical Center.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English
Family Medicine
Medical School: Washington University School of Medicine; Graduated 1975
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


text:
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My dream is to be the First Lady.
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linked to #162575
- sacredceltic
- May 18th 2011, 18:28
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- Mar 3rd 2012, 03:01
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text:
CompMoby: Comparative MobyDick for detection of cis-regulatory motifs
1 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, Graduate Program in Biological and Medical Informatics; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2540, USA
2 Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
3 Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
4 Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
5 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
6 Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
BMC Bioinformatics 2008, 9:455 doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-455Published: 27 October 2008
The regulation of gene expression is complex and occurs at many levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional, in metazoans. Transcriptional regulation is mainly determined by sequence elements within the promoter regions of genes while sequence elements within the 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation such as mRNA stability and translation efficiency. Identifying cis-regulatory elements, or motifs, in multicellular eukaryotes is more difficult compared to unicellular eukaryotes due to the larger intergenic sequence space and the increased complexity in regulation. Experimental techniques for discovering functional elements are often time consuming and not easily applied on a genome level. Consequently, computational methods are advantageous for genome-wide cis-regulatory motif detection. To decrease the search space in metazoans, many algorithms use cross-species alignment, although studies have demonstrated that a large portion of the binding sites for the same trans-acting factor do not reside in alignable regions. Therefore, a computational algorithm should account for both conserved and nonconserved cis-regulatory elements in metazoans.
We present CompMoby (Comparative MobyDick), software developed to identify cis-regulatory binding sites at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in metazoans without prior knowledge of the trans-acting factors. The CompMoby algorithm was previously shown to identify cis-regulatory binding sites in upstream regions of genes co-regulated in embryonic stem cells. In this paper, we extend the software to identify putative cis-regulatory motifs in 3' UTR sequences and verify our results using experimentally validated data sets in mouse and human. We also detail the implementation of CompMoby into a user-friendly tool that includes a web interface to a streamlined analysis. Our software allows detection of motifs in the following three categories: one, those that are alignable and conserved; two, those that are conserved but not alignable; three, those that are species specific. One of the output files from CompMoby gives the user the option to decide what category of cis-regulatory element to experimentally pursue based on their biological problem. Using experimentally validated biological datasets, we demonstrate that CompMoby is successful in detecting cis-regulatory target sites of known and novel trans-acting factors at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
CompMoby is a powerful software tool for systematic de novo discovery of evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cis-regulatory sequences involved in transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation in metazoans. This software is freely available to users at http://genome.ucsf.edu/compmoby/ webcite.


text:
You searched for: "View all tips"
Six of the best from a billionaireSave + InvestMarch 17, 2015
Four tips for Valentine's DaySpend + EarnFebruary 4, 2015
Do you want accessories with that? Five tricks that can trap shoppersSpend + EarnDecember 2, 2014
Reminders, promises and three other "most important" nudgesMind + MoneyNovember 10, 2014
"Pay your smallest debt first" – and four more bad money tips to avoidSave + InvestOctober 20, 2014
Mortgage market's most pervasive myth? And four other housing lessons from ING's new surveyHouse + HomesSeptember 24, 2014
Quick options can hurt (& five other price comparison website lessons)Mind + MoneyAugust 27, 2014
Top tips on how to better manage your moneySave + InvestJuly 22, 2014
Four dos and don'ts for online shoppingMind + MoneyMarch 17, 2014
- Save + InvestSix of the best from a billionaireMarch 17, 2015Some might ask whether a billionaire could have anything relevant to say to the average consumer.
- Spend + EarnFour tips for Valentine's DayFebruary 4, 2015Are the inflated prices for dining out and buying flowers worth it? The basic economic concept of supply and demand can drive prices up when many people want red roses on…
- Spend + EarnDo you want accessories with that? Five tricks that can trap shoppersDecember 2, 2014Users of question and answer website Quora have been posting on the topic and came up with some thought provoking observations.
- Mind + MoneyReminders, promises and three other "most important" nudgesNovember 10, 2014Now co-author of that influential book Cass Sunstein, of Harvard Law School, has published a short, seven page essay – including a list of what he says are the ten most…
- Save + Invest"Pay your smallest debt first" – and four more bad money tips to avoidOctober 20, 2014But it might pay to think about money tips to avoid as well.
- House + HomesMortgage market's most pervasive myth? And four other housing lessons from ING's new surveySeptember 24, 2014Is the belief "house prices never fall" the mortgage market's most pervasive myth? The ING International Survey on Homes and Mortgages asked more than 12,500 people…
- Mind + MoneyQuick options can hurt (& five other price comparison website lessons)August 27, 2014Price comparison websites can be a quick way to compare insurances and other products.
- Save + InvestTop tips on how to better manage your moneyJuly 22, 2014What are the 10 most important things about personal finance a non-finance background person must know?
- Mind + MoneyFour dos and don'ts for online shoppingMarch 17, 2014Perhaps you're checking out new camera models, which seasonal products have arrived at the grocery store or perhaps what's in a new clothing range. You click through to…


text:
| Source: Katie Fanuko
From slow-roasted meats to dressed-up sauces, here are suggestions to help any noncommercial kitchen.
| Source: Peter Romeo
The director of dining services at Kansas University has distinguished herself by giving students an extensive choice of new and renovated dining options.
It was a decision that brought the duo recognition at Monday night's MenuDirections 2015 awards ceremony in Memphis, Tenn., which is part of FoodService Director magazine's annual conference geared...
| Source: Pat Cobe
Although the top trends come from the restaurant side of the business, Gerry Ludwig was quick to point out implications for the noncommercial sector.
| Source: Paul King
The nutrition specialist at two Colorado hospitals was recognized for her menu and retail innovations.
| Source: The Orion
Chico State is tracking supplies back to their farm origins to comply with the state university system's new sustainability standards.
| Source: WCYB
Volunteers joined with the school foodservice professionals in Tennessee to feed the children who depend on school breakfasts and lunches.
| Source: The Post
Researchers want to see how much power Ohio University can generate by recovering methane gas from food and landscaping waste.
| Source: Pat Cobe
Bell's presentation, "Absolutely Everything Counts," focused on the importance of delivering outstanding customer service through words and body language, not just interactions with customers.
| Source: FSD Staff
The new rules, effective July 1, spell out minimum requirements to be a school foodservice director and mandate continuing education for all personnel.
What's New
According to Tracey De Jager, resident district manager for Chartwells at Florida Atlantic, Sean has made a difference by developing the Captain Flex mascot campaign and increasing declining balance sales.
Industry News & OpinionView All
Officials determined that a larva found in one student's fruit cup was likely introduced during the canning process...
Managing Your BusinessView All
A recent survey of its members by the School Nutrition Association revealed that many operators are facing moderate to serious challenges in meeting the stricter nutritional requirements set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Ideas & InnovationView All


text:
Carolina Jessamine Pruning
hubaobaoDecember 2, 2013
We recently purchased a house with a pergola that has robust Carolina Jessamine as a canopy. The pergola is positioned suched that one of its corners touches the corner of the house/roof.
Since the vines are in the gutters, I want to prune back as much as possible without harming the canopy. It is very thick and just had some flowers this week (Thanksgiving)!
Please provide advice on how to prune and control this vine. I've read many forums advising to wait until late Winter. How much can i prune away? When is the best time?


text:
Paint Sheen Choices for Kitchen. Flat on Ceiling?
We probably will go with Kelly Moore Premium Interior Paint for our project. Their sheen scale goes like: Flat, Egg-shell, Satin, Semi-Gloss, Gloss. I assume other manufactures will have a similar scale.
What sheen did you choose for your trim, walls, and ceiling in the kitchen? Like or dislike?
We are thinking about going with Satin for walls and Semi-Gloss for trim. Is it a bad idea to use Flat for the ceiling?
mudworm, I've got Kelly Moore throughout my house, interior and exterior, and it has stood up amazingly well. I have flat on all my walls and ceilings except the bathroom (satin). Before my renovation, I only had a 4" backsplash and flat paint behind my stove. It was never a problem and cleaned up fine. Personally I don't care for a sheen on the walls or ceilings, esp. in the kitchen, so satin was never a consideration.
We have flat on the ceiling throughout our house; it was originally chosen by professional painters before we moved in. They used flat on the ceilings, eggshell on the walls, and satin on the trim and it looks great, so we followed suit. We have Benjamin Moore paint, though, so the finishes might vary from how glossy the K-M finishes are. If the satin finishes are the same, you might find it a little glossy for your walls--I'd try out both the satin and the eggshell and see which you prefer.
Like Artemis, we used BM paint. We repainted the entire house inside (save for the hall bath) and out during our reno. Satin Impervo Waterborne on the trim and doors. Flat white for ceilings. Walls are eggshell. I wouldn't like BM's satin for my walls, although KM's might be different
We have satin Valspar paint on our kitchen ceiling and walls. It is very subtle but I think each paint manufacturer is different. Thinks happen in the kitchen and we wanted to be able to clean it up easily.
We just started painting the dining room but using flat. It cleaper and hopefully there is no need for cleaning up the dining room cleaning. : )
Another vote for flat on the ceilings, even in the kitchen. In the rare instance that something should land on the ceiling, it can be wiped off and touched up if necessary and the touch-up won't show like it will with a sheen paint. I've always had a sheen surface on the kitchen ceiling, but I went with flat this time and I'm glad I did. With all the shiny surfaces in a kitchen for light to bounce off of, the flat on the ceiling calms things down. Most of my wall space is covered with cabinets or backsplash material, but I chose a top quality scrubbable flat for the exposed wall areas around the windows and door as well. Love it.
Thanks everyone for chiming in. I had no idea how each sheen will look in our house, and was only thinking from the practical perspective. It looks like we should tone it (the sheen) down a little bit. Glad to hear that less sheen does not necessary mean more problem.
Actually, since we are doing the backsplash to upper cabinet and the exposed wall is not much, I'm leaning towards flat for the walls now. I'll ask about "scrubbable flat."
I would have been open to BM if their store had longer hours. Got a KM and a BM on my way home next to each other, but BM closes early and I could never get there in time. I doubt that the difference in sheen is much between these major brands.
One wall, which separates kitchen and living room, will have to be at least Egg-Shell. There are two openings in this long wall that connects rooms and we are not trimming around the openings. The kitties love to rub their cheeks on the 90 degree angled edges. Those edges will be scrubbed often.
In my area, the painters all seem to prefer Kelly Moore products. I tend to favor BM colors and KM (no relation) mixes them perfectly.
My space is open. I had the walls painted in 2009 and last year (2012) had to repaint part of the same area because it had been retextured. Had new paint mixed and it blended 100% into the old stuff. You simply cannot tell where the two paints meet up.
Flat may not be as scrubbable as shinier finishes, but I often just touch up with paint where I've rubbed up against the wall and left colored streaks.


text:
Dr. Ajit B. Raisinghani, MD
Cardiovascular Disease
- 477 N El Camino Real Ste D300
Encinitas, CA 92024
- 2 Locations
- (760) 634-8273
Dr. Ajit B. Raisinghani graduated from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in 1991. He works in Encinitas, CA and 1 other location and specializes in Cardiovascular Disease. Dr. Raisinghani is affiliated with UCSD Medical Center and UCSD Thornton Hospital. He speaks English and Spanish.
Gender: Male
Languages Spoken: English, Spanish
Cardiovascular Disease
Medical School: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Graduated 1991
*This physician has multiple office locations. See Office Information for details.


text:
- Thanks for everybody support long time.
Now three Filter017 original patterns for iPhone / iPod Touch wallpaper free download!
Three original patterns include 09' Filter017 Pattern, Popcorn Pattern, and Pop Rough Pattern.
If you don't have iPod or iPod Touch, you can use it to your cell phone, don't worry. :^)
Free Download Now.
* The download zip file need password: www.filter017.com
Enjoy this, thanks again.


text:
Police look for pickup in Stowe and Morristown heists
MORRISTOWN Police are investigating a spate of burglaries in the communities of Morristown and Stowe and are looking for a pickup truck that they say may be connected to the crimes.
Authorities say seven houses in Morrisville and two in Stowe have been burglarized in the last month. The burglaries have taken place during the day and cash has been stolen.
Police are looking for a late model green Ford pickup truck with a yellow light displayed on the truck bed that is possibly mounted to a pole. They say the vehicle had been spotted in the area of some of the burglaries.
Anyone with information about the crimes or who has been a victim of a burglary in the Lamoille County area in the last month is asked to contact police.MORE IN This Just InWhen a playwright who has achieved success with dark realistic drama turns his pen to comedy, it... Full StorySAN FRANCISCO A long legal battle over accusations that a prominent Silicon Valley venture... Full StorySHARM EL-SHEIKH, Egypt Yemens embattled president on Saturday called Shiite rebels who forced... Full Story
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text:
I-Team: Fraudulent Foods Could Pose Serious Health Risk
The I-Team has learned many fraudulent foods are making their way into our homes.
I-Team: Thousands Of Mass. Students In Chemical Danger Zone
More than 40,000 Bristol County school children are attending class within the danger zone of a major chemical disaster.
I-Team: Mass. Police Departments Considering Body Cameras
According to a recent survey, as many as 50 Massachusetts police departments are now considering outfitting their officers with cameras.
I-Team: Hidden Safety Hazards In Used Cars
With 40 million cars recalled just this year, odds are greater than ever that a car you see on a lot could have an open recall.
I-Team: Tufts Medical Center Puts Ebola Contact Preparations In Place To Treat Patient
Staff at Tufts Medical Center were forced to put contact preparations for Ebola into place this weekend to treat a patient, the I-Team's Lauren Leamanczyk has learned.
I-Team: Dozens Allege Travel Agent Scam
Dozens of customers of one local travel agent never got off the ground.
I-Team: Contractor Still In Business After Ripping Off Clients In Mass., R.I.
A contractor was able to set up shop in Massachusetts after leaving a long trail of unfinished jobs and unpaid fines in Rhode Island.
I-Team: Lawmakers Not Paying Fair Share At The Tolls
The I-Team has discovered Massachusetts lawmakers using a special E-ZPass transponder to get a free ride.
I-Team: Professor Helps Organ Transplant Patients On Multiple Waiting Lists
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I-Team: GPS May Be Contributing To Truck Crashes
The I-Team obtained documents from the Massachusetts Department of Transportation showing oversize trucks have slammed into bridges 80 times since 2011.


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new hd light
A freind of mine just sold me a light ficture he had for 50.00 (he's trying to rid himself of his past) it is a sun system manufafcured by sunlight supply inc. with a Agro sun ms 250w/hor/g bulb the bulb also says super warm agricultral spectram on it. I have a 3x4 growing area with phal phaps and phal type dends under 4 40 full spectrum florecents that are doing ok but not getting the blooms I want out of the dends (warm temps and good humidity) any thoughts from you exerienced folks would be appreciated.
The AgroSun HOR bulbs are metal halides but with the far red part of the spectrum boosted compared to a normal blue/white metal halide bulb. Theoretically should be good for flowering. It will also put out about twice the light of your 4x40W fluorescents. Which fluorescent tubes do you have? If you read some of the threads here and study spectrum graphs you will see that many fluorescents, even some called full spectrum, just don't put out much in the important far red part of the spectrum.
I don't grow orchids but would think that 160W of fluorescent just isn't enough for 12sf even for the low-light types. 250W would be about right. An alternative would be to stick in a couple of incandescent bulbs to boost the red.
That was what I was afraid of after doing a lot of reading on the subject of lights,although I have gotten some results with these lamps (philips natural sunshine) I was reluctant to spend the money on a hid system and have gotten lucky to find this one so cheep, thank you for your response.
I think the experts are away, but I'll answer you :)
The infrared lamps that I know of are incandescents, or halogens for the very powerful ones. They run at a colour temperature like 2700K or 3000K, but often come with a deep red filter to remove much of the visible light. So far so good, the light is peaking near the 650nm range that we want, but the lights are not very efficienct and they are very hot. Any incandescent would do as well. Don't confuse the heat, which is also radiation but well into the infrared, with the light which peaks in the far red visible range that is needed for plants.
I think a 2700K deluxe fluorescent would be more efficient to get these wavelengths on a small scale. Check the spectrum to be sure it doesn't cut off at about 620nm, which many basic bulbs do. Sylvania make an "Incandescent Fluorescent" bulb which has exactly the spectrum you want, colour temperature 2750K, but a broad spectrum extending right out past 650nm.


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|Blog Posts
Well, you were smart to get to the doctor first. Nothing bad will happen in a week. Pea size I wonder. I had one on my elbow but it was bigger and several of my doctors said it was nothing. It was the same thing; only sore if I pushed it. One of my doctors said "Don't push it".......lol
She probably wants you in the hospital to do a biopsy is all. That's what they normally do is draw any fluid out and test it.
It might be Bursitis. That's very common in the elbow region. That's what mine was and they didn't treat it at all. It went down by itself. You have the symptoms of it but it's not very big so I'm not sure. It's also called "Popeye's Elbow".
Let me know after your next doctors appointment.
Health Maven
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User talk:Geraldcarmack
Hello, Geraldcarmack, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful:
- Introduction
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- How to edit a page
- Help
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I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Wikipedia:Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place
{{helpme}} on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome! — Kralizec! (talk) 23:00, 21 November 2009 (UTC)
Can you help?[edit]
We do need help on the Hawaii articles, as you might have noticed. Take a look at the project page, or portal to get ideas, or let us know if you have questions. Thanks. W Nowicki (talk) 23:26, 21 November 2009 (UTC)


text:
The Disney/ABC Television Group and Yahoo have extended and expanded their content partnership to include the network's top TV shows and integrate Yahoo content.
First Lady Michelle Obama will guest star on two Disney/ABC Television Group TV series in May.
The Walt Disney Company has tapped ABC News president Ben Sherwood to fill Anne Sweeney's shoes at Disney/ABC Television Group.
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"Stories are clever if you can get past his voice."
As clever an author as Block is, his narration leaves much to be desired. If you can stand his reading, some of the stories are worthwhile. This is a case where I'd recommend reading them instead.
"French Holocaust:Vel' d'Hiv.Outstanding narration."
Interesting story of an American Jewish woman, Julia Jarmond, living in Paris for 25 years and seemingly happily married to a non-Jewish Frenchman. A journalist working for an English language magazine, she becomes obsessed with the story of the round-up of Jews at Vel' d'Hiv in 1942. In particular, she discovers that a girl named Sarah Starzynski was among the group and that, after the war, it had never been determined just what had happened to her. This is a mystery she is determined to resolve if possible, and this plot is intertwined with Julia's internal struggles to come to terms with her heritage and, as it turns out, her husband's attitude toward her and her efforts. These two issues become intertwined more and more as the book develops, and although there was too much jumping back and forth in time in the beginning, eventually the book settles down. The prose isn't lyrical, but it does get the message across. There is too much "telling" and not enough "showing", and you need to have a high tolerance for this, as I do.
The book is enlivened by the narrator, who gives distinct voices and accents to each character, a very diverse and challenging collection. It's always difficult to read about the Holocaust, and I had not been familiar with the Vel' d'Hiv or these aspects of the French Nazi's. It's a book that I am glad to have "read."
"Mediocre plot; terrible narration."
This purports to be a police procedural, but the story is plodding and boring. Bosch's new partner Soto is an interesting character, but she's a bit fast and loose with her service revolver.
With Titus Welliver playing Harry Bosch in Amazon.com's new series, you'd think he'd be a more invested reader. Instead he reads in a monotone and only differentiates characters minimally. I was very disappointed. I wonder whether I will like Welliver any better in the online series.
"One of the best of the series."
I really enjoyed this one. It is a mystery with enough clues to allow the reader to guess the villain without being terribly disappointed by the ending. I've read most of the books in the Dismas Hardy series, and this is one of the more believable, action-packed stories, with substantial character development of Amy Wu and others besides the usual insights and foibles of Hardy and Glitsky.
Hardy & Glitsky age throughout the series so this would not be the best place to start. I recommend going back at least to book 3, Hard Evidence.
"Great prose, but not a great story."
This is a work of historical fiction about a relatively minor episode in the history of New Guinea, although it does provide a glimpse of what German colonialism was like in 1906. I've read all McKinty's mysteries, and this novel is quite different. Although I thought his prose was often as fine as usual, the story itself isn't all that exciting. Some of the characters were interesting, although I couldn't tell how much of their personalities were figments of McKinty's imagination. I love listening to Gerard Doyle, so between his narration and McKinty's writing, I found the book enjoyable. Thankfully, it wasn't too long.
"Terribly disappointing, both story and narration."
It's rated 4.4 currently, so it's clear this book appeals to many people. I don't understand why. Maybe some young adults would be more sympathetic, but I think more likely, they would just roll their eyes.
First of all, the story was out of the 40's and 50's. Had it been written then, maybe it would have been novel. By now, it's old hat. I don't think it spoils anything to say that the story of a young, introverted, white girl falling for a perfect black boy has been done before and better.Secondly, it dragged on interminably, flashbacks by the white woman, present time by the black woman, who somehow was enchanted with the old lady's life. I listened for 2.5 hours before asking myself why I was wasting my time. I read a few spoilers on GR to see if the plot developed as I anticipated, and I was right. I wasn't going to get anything more out of this book, so I quit.
I might be willing to give them another try, but Lorna Raver's portrayal of Isabelle drove me nuts. Bahni Turpin was ok.
As a morality tale, it's ok, but do we need another superficial rendition of this theme?
I don't understand the high ratings that this has received. I know lots of people foreswear writing negative reviews--look at the most liked review by Alexandria Milton. It is fair but negative.
"One of the best of the great Hardy-Glitsky series."
This is a great mystery story. Although there are enough hints to anticipate the big surprise, it didn't detract from wanting to find out who and why! Readers new to the series are likely to get bored with all the details of the Hardy and Glitsky families, but if, as I do, I find their relationships and histories interesting and realistic, you won't mind. Further, the characters age and change, so it is best to read most of this series in sequence.
Colacci does his usual excellent work as narrator. Highly recommended.
"One of the best in the Dortmunder series."
I enjoy the whimsical series about career criminal Dortmunder and his doing right by attempting wrongdoing. This is one of the most amusing of his capers, and his ability to escape from tight spots is seriously challenged. I found the narrator pleasant to listen to.
"Enjoyable but not up to usual standards."
I like Camilleri's mysteries about Inspector Montalbano but this is a fun read, it is below average for this series. Who the villain is isn't too hard to figure out, although his precise motivation remains hidden for a long time. Grover Gardner performs his usual high quality narration.
"A transparent, high-tech thriller, well read."
This is the first of Berenson's novels I've read. If you like the sort of thrillers in which the only suspense is how the (super)hero will defeat his adversaries, then you probably will enjoy Night Ranger. I prefer stories with mystery in addition to adventure in which the identity of the villain and other adversaries isn't known. It was clear from the outset that Wells would somehow succeed; it is only a question of how. In this case, the high-tech superiority of the USA combines with Wells's cleverness and fighting skills to overwhelm relatively primitive, youthful Somalian militia. It is sort of believable but not at all surprising. The narrator George Guidall is one of my favorites.
"Science, technology, personalities entangled."
I like Hager as a science writer. I had not known much about the Haber-Bosch process or its developers. It illustrates that, as usual, scientific and technological progress is a double-edged sword with potential for both good and evil. Of the two main characters, I found Bosch the engineer/businessman to be the more admirable, however brilliant a chemist Haber may have been. The narration is good, except that certain scientific or German words are completely mispronounced.
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Hoyt Finley "Pete" Partee
Hoyt Finley "Pete" Partee, 83, of Greenville, husband of Elizabeth "Sibet" Sanders Partee, died Wednesday, November 14, 2012.
Born in Westminster on April 19, 1929, he was the son of the late Hoyt Wilmer and Genevieve McDonald Finley Partee.
Mr. Partee moved to Greenville in 1932 and was a 1946 graduate of Greenville High School. He attended the University of South Carolina and received his LLB Degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law on January 28, 1952. He was admitted to the South Carolina Bar on December 13, 1951. He served in the US Army, where he was commissioned as the First Lieutenant in the Judge Advocate General Corps on April 15, 1952 and remained on active duty until October 31, 1954. His service included twenty-one months in Korea and Japan and he served as Defender and Prosecutor in general court-martial.
He began private practice of the law in 1955. He served as Assistant City Attorney for the City of Greenville from 1958 until 1962. He primarily prosecuted jury trials in Recorder's Court and as Assistant Circuit Solicitor in Greenville County from 1962 until 1969.
Mr. Partee was appointed Greenville County's first Public Defender in August 1969 on a part-time basis while continuing the private practice of law. In November of 1976, the position was made full-time and the private practice was discontinued. He retired from the Public Defender's Office on March 31, 1992.
Mr. Partee married Sibet Sanders of St. Helena Island, SC on December 19, 1959. He was a communicant of Christ Episcopal Church and former vestryman. He was active in Faith Alive, a lay renewal ministry.
He was a member of the South Carolina Bar, Greenville County Bar Association, South Carolina Trial Lawyers Association, and Greenville
Rotary Club
. He served on Governor's Juvenile Justice Advisory Council and Blue Ribbon Task Force to study the indigent defense system. He was formerly on the Board of Directors of South Carolina Public Defenders Association.
In addition to his loving wife of 53 years, he is survived by children, Laura Partee Branton and husband, Mike, Edward Sanders Partee and wife, Lorraine, and Peter McDonald Partee and wife, Jennifer; ten grandchildren, Elizabeth, Caroline, and Margaret Branton, Sibet, Iso, and Grey Partee, and Aden, Casey, Finley, and Gibson Partee; and two sisters, Jimmye Ruth Partee Thompson and Sarepta Partee Wilson.
He was preceded in death by a sister, Betty Partee Turner.
A memorial service will be held Sunday, November 18, 2012 at 2:30 p.m. at Christ Church Episcopal with the family receiving friends after the service.
The family wishes to express their deep gratitude to Heartland Hospice and At Home Care of the Carolinas for the care and love they gave Pete.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to Christ Church Episcopal, 10 North Street, Greenville, SC 29601, Caine Halter Y.M.C.A, 721 Cleveland Street, Greenville, SC 29601 or Falls Park Endowment Fund, c/o Community Foundation of Greenville, 630 East Washington Street, Suite A, Greenville, SC 29601.
The family will be at the residence.
Condolences may be made to the family by visiting
Thomas McAfee Funeral Home, Downtown.
Funeral Home
Thomas McAfee Funeral Home - Downtown Chapel
639 North Main Street
(864) 232-6733
Funeral Home Details
Published in The Greenville News on Nov. 16, 2012
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text:
Hundreds gather for anniversary of atom bomb test
By Steve Shoup
TRINITY SITE, New Mexico (Reuters) – Hundreds of people
gathered in a U.S. Army base in the New Mexico desert on
Saturday to quietly mark the anniversary of the first test of
an atomic bomb 60 years ago, where a black obelisk marks the
first Ground Zero.
On July 16, 1945, the first nuclear bomb was tested at the
Trinity Site, now on White Sands Missile Range in central New
Mexico. Less than a month later, World War II ended after the
U.S. military dropped two such bombs on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Leading scientists from the top-secret Manhattan Project in
Los Alamos, New Mexico, developed the atomic bombs. Death
estimates from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings vary from
between 100,000 to 200,000.
The range, a U.S. Army base, is usually closed to the
public because of weapons research there, but the Army opened
the site July 16 to mark the anniversary. The shallow crater
left by the bomb was filled in years ago, but the spot is
marked by an obelisk made of black volcanic rock.
Several hundred observers, some whom came as part of bus
tours, moved around the large, remote site throughout the day.
By some estimates, a few thousand turned out for the event.
The military banned signs, sit-ins or other types of
protest at the anniversary gathering, which in the past
occasionally has drawn outright opposition as well as prayer
services. No one waved the flag patriotically, either.
On Saturday, however, one attendee was wearing a T-shirt
with the slogan: "It started here. Let's stop it here."
"It's really awesome just being here, after what happened
here," said Carmein Soleas, of nearby Socorro. "I remember
Pearl Harbor and the end of the war. (The bombs) killed a lot
of innocent people but saved a lot of soldiers. You don't know
what would have happened without it."
One man from Yokusuka, Japan, who declined to give his
name, said his family had lived in Hiroshima. They fled the
city during the war and so survived the attack, he said.
"If it didn't happen, it would be better," the man said,
"and I hope there won't be another like Hiroshima and
Desert grass, shrubs and cactus grow on the arid site, and
some flowers were blooming. Doves and hawks flew by, and a
lizard scampered away from tourists.
Kathy Gallagher, a nurse from Sydney, Australia, who is
working in Socorro, said: "It's sad that there are still wars
going on today."
Gallagher said the site didn't look as bad as she expected.
"It really doesn't look any different than anything else here,"
she said.
Visitors also toured the nearby McDonald Ranch house, which
was taken over by the Army and where the final assembly of the
bomb was done. Herb Lehr was an electrical engineer then, and
told a crowd of how he helped put the warm, softball-sized
plutonium core into the bomb there just before it was set off.
(Additional reporting by Lisa Baertlein)


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text:
Thousands flee offices in Holborn as underground fire fills streets with smoke
Gallery: Thousands of people were forced to flee office buildings as police declared a "major incident" after a fire broke out under a central London street.
The first driverless trains will be running on the Bakerloo line by 2021, Boris Johnson said today.
26 April 2012
We know there's a London burrito boom, and everyone also knows that you could easily spend your entire lunch break queuing up to get your fix. But now you can skip that and buy them in bulk by fax instead.
26 April 2012
Too much bread, not enough filling
18 April 2012
16 April 2012
Aww, bless. Touching to hear that George Osborne has been "shocked" by what the rest of us have known for so long — ie, that the rich arrange their taxes a good deal more efficiently than the rest of us can afford to — and when he talks of "taking action" you feel like patting him on the head, giving him his pills and telling him that nurse will take him to the loo in just a mo.
10 April 2012
The West Ham vice-chairman drinks Bloody Marys at The Dorchester
30 March 2012
Londoners were today told to look forward to six days of summer weather, as temperatures were expected to reach 20C over the weekend.
23 March 2012
She walks her whippet in Hyde Park, visits small museums and would like all deliveries in London to happen at night time.
19 March 2012
A bring-your-own-booze supper can be just the ticket, especially when pay day is miles away
15 February 2012
A father of six has become one of the first British patients to undergo a pioneering treatment
to strengthen the heart.
31 January 2012


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Martha Bakes: Angel Food Cake Episode
Martha Stewart shares her tips and tricks for making light-as-air angel food cake, then learn how to vary the flavors with a few simple additions. Continue
Martha Bakes: Devil's Food Cake Episode
Devil's food cake has never been so tempting as it is with Martha Stewart's sinfully good adaptations - including "hi-hat" cupcakes and fudgy brownies. Continue
Martha Bakes: Pâte à Choux Episode
Martha Stewart demonstrates pâte à choux - it is made with only four ingredients and cooked on the stovetop. It can be used to make cream puffs and éclairs. Continue
Martha Bakes: Yellow Cake Episode
Martha Stewart shares a simple recipe for yellow cake which is the foundation for many extraordinary dessert recipes in this Martha Bakes episode on PBS. Continue
Martha Bakes: Find The Schedule in Your Area
Find out when Martha Bakes, starring Martha Stewart, is airing on your local PBS station. Join Martha as she teaches the essential skills for every baker. Continue
Martha Bakes Episode Descriptions – Season 1
Watch Martha Bakes on PBS in Spring 2013 to discover Martha Stewart's tips and techniques to create delectable baked goods. Get recipes and watch previews. Continue
Martha Stewart's Cooking School: Legumes Episode
Martha Stewart explores varieties of legumes from chickpeas to calypso beans, and three different methods to cook them: stovetop, oven and pressure cooker. Continue
Martha Stewart's Cooking School: Preserving Episode
Martha Stewart demonstrates two of the oldest preserving techniques, confit and salting, and shows how you can put them to use in your kitchen. Continue


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1. Take a large, heavy-gauge saucepan and add about 3 ltrs (5 pints) of water. Bring it to a boil.
2. Add 1 tablespoon of salt.
3. Add cauliflower and boil rapidly for 1 to 1 1/2 minutes or until cauliflower is soft.
4. Drain in colander and keep them aside.
5. In large skillet, heat oil on medium flame.
6. Once hot, add garlic and fry until light brown. Keep stirring.
7. Add sesame seeds and cook until turn darker or begin to pop.
8. Add the cauliflower. Stir gently until evenly coated with sesame seeds.
9. Add cayenne, black pepper, and 1/4 teaspoon salt. Stir well.
10. Serve in a serving bowl.


text:
Richland Market in Ceres, chain's final store, set to close
The last Richland Market in the Central Valley will shut down next month.
Richland Markets owner Nick Pallios confirmed Friday that the Ceres store on Whitmore Avenue will close mid-October, marking the end of the grocery chain the Pallios family started 61 years ago.
Pallios said the area's poor economy led to the closure.
"It was a very difficult decision," Pallios said. "But the economic conditions and competition and everything that is happening in the area was too much."
The store has 35 employees. Pallios said the company is in the process of selling off its inventory. Depending on how quickly that goes, the store will shutter Oct. 17 or 18.
Ceres Mayor Chris Vierra said he spoke with Pallios on Friday afternoon about the closure. Vierra said the Pallios family still owns the building and shopping center and has found another party to rent the space.
"(Richland Market) has been an iconic store in our city and within the last year we have had both Raley's and Richland close down, but fortunately we had Rancho San Miguel move in and I am hopeful we will find other business to move to Ceres," Vierra said.
Richland Markets was started in 1951 by brothers Gus, John and George Pallios in Ceres. At its peak, the chain had seven stores across the area, including in Modesto, Oakdale and Turlock.
In 2005, the company began downsizing. In 2008, the two other remaining locations, both in Modesto, were sold to Cost Less Food Co.
In a statement about the store's closure, Pallios called it a "respectful retirement" and on behalf of his family thanked "loyal customers, vendors, employees and friends they have had the pleasure of serving for the past 61 years."
Bee staff writer Erin Tracy contributed to this report.
Bee staff writer Marijke Rowland can be reached at email@example.com or (209) 578-2284.
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Respond to Review of WB Pizza - Allisonville Rd
by IndyVeganFamily
Review: Stopped in for a quick week-day lunch and was pleasantly surprised with all the vegan items denoted on the menu with a "V". I decided on the Vegan Stromboli and wasn't disappointed. The smallish dining room was comfortable. The restaurant was clean. The server was VERY helpful in recommending vegan options and the pricing was fair. I will be back! Check out our mini-review on Indy Vegan Family: http://bit.ly/ZOesYf
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