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Should Aussie ditch mate?
This letter is somewhat of a train wreck. It comes to us all the way from Australia (the e-mail address even ends with yahoo.com.au!). For effect, imagine the letter being read by Nicole Kidman. And for kicks, imagine my response being read by Hugh Jackman.
Q: Hi,
I have been in a relationship for the past year with a man who left his wife to be with me. He has lied to me many times throughout the relationship -- to the point where there were so many different versions of things I felt like he was trying to drive me insane.
On the other hand, he is almost obsessive about me, gives me little time to myself, and can't do enough for me. My instinct is that he has been having sex elsewhere, possibly with his ex-wife. Our sex life has dwindled off since we have spent the last three months arguing over his lies. He says this is OK, and that sex doesn't matter much to him anymore, (he has 'changed' since being with me). Based on his honesty threshold, I do not believe this. In his marriage to his last wife, he had one affair he never told her about, and also lied to me and said he had never been unfaithful until he met me. I later found this to be a lie.
In February he told me he would apply for his divorce, and even though he has the application, he makes excuses and keeps putting it off. He tells me it's going to cost way more than it actually is, and that he needs heaps of paperwork to finish it (he only needs to ask her for a copy of their marriage certificate). Recently, he has taken on their mortgage completely so he could pay her out more than her half of their martial property. There are a few other financial affairs and assets to sell as of yet, namely a rural property, which he cannot afford to buy outright in order to pay her half, and some vehicles.
Unfortunately, for me, I am trapped financially, I had quite a large sum of money last August, but having contributed to his standard of living, it has dwindled to nothing, plus I have no car to get to work in.
What do you think?? My plan is just to get proof of my suspicions -- instinct isn't enough for me -- and just make the most of it, but stay emotionally detached, and least then I wont get hurt so badly if I am right.
-- Demelsa, Australia
A: Instinct isn't enough for you, Demelsa?
Look, I know that leaving someone you love is easier said than done, especially when you're in the thick of a mess and have lost all perspective. That said, you're broke because you live with a cheater who won't get divorced. The nicest thing you've said about this cheater is that he smothers you.
He sounds like a real dill (that's Aussie speak for idiot!).
I'm not sure why you believe you need proof of anything to get out of this relationship. If you're really just sitting around waiting for evidence that he is betraying you, it's time to run. If you feel too broke to bail, find a friend or family member who will take you in.
There are probably positive attributes you've failed to mention about this guy – there always are – but frankly, I doubt any of the relationship's qualities outweigh the deceit, financial ruin, and neurosis. And what's this nonsense about his standard of living?
Unless you couple off in your early 20s, you can expect that every new partner will have a past life that may include children, pets, divorce agreements, mortgage payments, etc. In exchange for your tolerance, you have every right to expect honesty. Your bloke hasn't done much to put you at ease.
I'm pretty sure Boston.com readers -- even the ones who usually disagree with me -- will back me up on this one. Readers? Yes? Can you give this Aussie a talking to? Share your thoughts for Demelsa here. Submit a letter here. Read a letter about holidays here.
-- Meredith
Finally a semi-intelligent answer from Meredith...Dump him asap ad run as far and fast as you can. If you are too blind or stupid to see how much damage he has done to you then maybe you deserve it. Bottom line, get out, get a good therapist and move on in your life. There is no gray area here for discussion. Finances are no reason to stick with a relationship, if you aren't happy money doesn't matter.
If he'll cheat WITH you, he'll cheat ON you! Get out!!! Now!!!
Here is what to me is the key statement: "Unfortunately, for me, I am trapped financially, I had quite a large sum of money last August, but having contributed to his standard of living, it has dwindled to nothing, plus I have no car to get to work in." He's left you with more than a dangling participle. Get out now before he leaves you with a kid that he won't support.
Lace up your sneakers and run, woman!
Please note that I'm trying my best to not be too harsh, but it's really, really difficult.
What proof are you looking for? The guy is still married. You gave him a bunch of money and gave you excuses as to why he isn't divorced. Now you have no car, no job, and a guy that is obviously trying to ditch you. I mean really, what else does he have to do to let you know he does not care? You are only "trapped", because you continue to devote time and money to him. Wake up.
Egads. Run, girl, fer cryin'out loud. How many more red flags do you need ?
I'm sorry, but this sounds awful. Cheating, lying...you trying to stay detached so you won't be hurt so badly...you think he is trying to drive you insane?! No sex life?
And this is all in only one year?
Find support and make a change. Friends, family or therapy can help.
Also, there are some great books out there that offer solid advice/support. Try "What Smart Women Know" by Steven Carter.
Good luck.
My dear...he left his wife for you and you expected fidelity? That aside, you're being used. Meredith is right. Find a way out. Move closer to your job so you can walk or take a bus. Find a co-worker who needs a roommate and who will want to share gas. It will take you a while to rebuild financially, but emotionally, you'll be a lot healthier. He's a loser. You deserve better.
My Australian sister-in-law met a guy a lot like this one. Bad news all around. Could be the same guy for all I know. Don't know if their divorce came through. There is a rather lengthy seperation period to go through.
Dump him quick, and get out. If the usual friends, relatives and church aren't available try social services. Police are good, they could tell if he is married and ask the wife direct.
That ought to staighten things out, but honestly I think he is scamming her for the money.
Your story earily mimicks my situation, here in MA. Speaking as the wife who was left for 'you' , the other woman, how do you know he's even telling you the truth about the divorce?? I filed for divorce over a year ago, after years of dealing with his constant infedelity. He's dragged his feet, for what purpose, I'm not sure, since there is no chance that we'll ever reconcile. My guess is that as long as he's still legally married to me, he doesn't have to make a real committment to the one he left for. He can keep the 'fun' of the affair because he's still bound to his former life. I finally had to tell him to leave our home and sons and stop the sham of a marriage due to his constant, never ending infedelity for 20 years - before and after we were married. I'm sure there were other affairs that I didn't know about. over the years, including the one he said was over years ago, but wasn't. And incidentally, that woman wasn't the one he left me for!! That one was a different woman, all of them working at the same place. She must be just thrilled that he moved in with someone else, NOT her!!
I think you're being lied to about the divorce too. I understand your comment about his 'lifestyle' since I was left with a HUGE amount of debt, trying to pay off his way of life. He's since decided to kick in a lot more $$$ to live up to his obligations - as he should have last year. But you need to realize that he felt no remorse in lying to his wife, the woman he was legally bound to. What makes you think you'll be any different?? You're not. You should trust your instincts, don't wait for 'proof' and move on with your life. What's your incentive for being lied to and paying for his 'lifestyle'?? Realize you're getting played and move on. And for the record, you knowingly participated in the destruction of another woman's life and family, so you really don't deserve to have any consideration. You are only getting what was dished out - by you - so in a way, what goes around comes around. Now it's your turn to worry/question/wonder/stress. How does it feel?
You say he smothers you? Honey, that's not love, that's a man who is cheating, knows how its done and how to get away with it, and is making sure YOU don't do the same thing to him that he's been doing to you. You spent your money on him and the sex has dwindled? He got what he wanted out of you. You think if you love him enough he will change? Swing and a miss! Take a good, long look at him: this is what he will be like for the next 60 years if, by some miracle, he did actually get that divorce and marry you. Exactly like it is today. 60 years of feeling EXACTLY LIKE YOU DO RIGHT NOW. Sixty Years. Do you really want to spend the rest of your life living just like you are today….because you will. He's a liar, cheater, and a user, and very, very selfish. No amount of stupid, standard romantic "you changed me" speeches or candlelight dinners or the classic: "I've never met anyone like you" line will be worth the year after year of physical and emotional infidelity, the crying jags, the depression….He is NOT going to change. Ever. EVER. EVER!!!! My advice would be to spend your time getting your next residence set up. Check with your local social services about housing and a job, pack what you want to take with you, and go. Nobody deserves this kind of treatment.yoshimi
Good thing the sex has dropped to zero, because you won't get stuck with a kid by this loser. Have some self respect - and walk right out of there.
I'm guessing you might be afraid of him, why else write for advice half way around the world. If so, get to the police or a social service agency ASAP.
Run very fast and very far. As far as the money goes.....well, it's only money and better to count your losses now rather than later.
I spent a lot of years wondering, "when is this going to get better?" I put up with the same things you have, more or less. Guess what? It never, ever got better. Despite apologies, flowers, romantic dinners, grand gestures (all of which I fell for), a leopard never changes his spots. It cost me time, money, dignity and self-respect, and it is costing you the same. Despite your financial straits, cut your losses and reclaim your life. I know that people can't make big changes until they are perfectly ready, but please take strength from all of these posters and know that this is the time. Waiting another minute costs you more and more and costs him nothing. You deserve better.
Honey, like they say You get what you deserve.... Shame on you going with a married man. What are you desperate.... The guy is obviously seeing exactly what I see, a chance to have a great time and a girl who is desperate enough to believe him. I Feel bad for HIS WIFE.
Cut your loses and run!!! Your self-esteem and self respect is worht so much more.
Dearest Demelsa (Dementia in Aussie):
I think you like playing the victim. True, the pain of being used is heartbreaking, but I think it's a pattern you know well. I think the drama you have allowed in your life is intoxicating. Some may view it as payback for being an adulterer, but I believe the need to be self-important overrides any moral code you may have embraced at one time. You remind me of the character played by Carrie Fisher in "When Harry Met Sally". She was always laying the misery of her adulterous relationship with the married guy on her friends and ended each musing with the line: "He's never going to leave her, is he?" And everyone would answer: "Oh honey, no". This went on ad nauseum. Now if you want to be in a movie, go join the Actor's Guild. Otherwise, manifest Bruno Kirby and live happily ever after…if you can exist with significantly reduced drama. My guess is you need to do allot of work on yourself before that can happen.
Recent blog posts
Meredith Goldstein is a Boston Globe columnist who follows relationship trends and entertainment. She offers daily advice on Love Letters — and welcomes your comments. Meredith is also the author of "The Singles," a novel about complicated relationships. Follow Meredith at www.meredithgoldstein.netand on Twitter. Love Letters can be found in the print edition of The Boston Globe every Saturday in the G section.


text:
New tool to foretell heart attack / stroke risk
Over the age of 40? Want to know your risk of suffering a fatal heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years? Read on.
Over the age of 40? Want to know your risk of suffering a fatal heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years? Read on.
Researchers have developed the first global model for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The model—developed by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Imperial College London, and colleagues—will be of ...
Fourteen European nations signed Wednesday in Spain the first ever international treaty to fight human organ trafficking, a business that generates over one billion dollars in illegal profits worldwide every year.
A global anti-tobacco conference that ended Saturday urged countries to take steps to reduce the consumption of tobacco, which it said was a leading cause of disease and death worldwide.
Dentists migrate to Australia seeking "better opportunities" and "adventure" but they also contribute towards brain drain for developing and poorer countries.
The number of people living with cystic fibrosis into adulthood is expected to increase dramatically by 2025, prompting calls for the development of adult cystic fibrosis services to meet the demand.
Billionaire philanthropists Michael Bloomberg and Bill Gates launched a joint fund in Abu Dhabi Wednesday to help developing countries pass tobacco-control laws in their legal battle with industry giants.
World Health Organization chief Margaret Chan urged global action Wednesday to drive tobacco companies "out of business" and hailed progress in tackling smoking in many countries.
Diabetes reduces people's employment chances and wages around the world - according to a new study from the University of East Anglia, supported by the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR).
Being the best at something doesn't necessarily mean there is no more room for improvement. Take Europe's healthcare systems: with most national schemes being ranked among the World Health Report's top 30, you would think ...
Smoker numbers are declining in many parts of the world, but upward trends in African and Mediterranean countries mean the global total will not change much over the next 10 years, researchers said Friday.
Children under five living in sub-Saharan Africa are at greater risk than older children of developing a long-term parasitic disease, research suggests.
Pfizer's blockbuster vaccine against pneumonia and other bacterial infections has won another approval, for use in European Union residents aged 18 and older.
In an advance that may potentially lead to new treatments for parasitic hookworms, scientists at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Cornell University have sequenced the genome of the hookworm, ...
Since the first experimental bone marrow transplant over 50 years ago, more than one million hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) have been performed in 75 countries, according to new research charting the remarkable ...
This is a list of sovereign states, containing 203 entries, giving an overview of states around the world with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It is arranged alphabetically. It includes both states widely recognized to be de jure sovereign and states that claim de jure sovereignty and exercise de facto control over some territory, but which are not generally recognised.
Note: the status of some entries on this list is disputed. For information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, see the "criteria for inclusion" section below.
This text uses material from Wikipedia licensed under CC BY-SA

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Retail Division
Marketing - Customer Service - Client Relations - Consumer Products - Retail Division
The Client Support Representative works on-site at our marketing & promotional events and provides support to the team at our corporate headquarters here in Orlando. We specialize in ...
Mar 9 -
Orlando - Retail & wholesale
Location: Ligonier, IN
Knowledge of standardized materials testing procedures (ASTM, DIN, JIS and ISO).
Expertise in specialty elastomers: FKM, EPDM & SBR
[We have over 2000+ permanent jobs available in our web site. Many jobs may ...
Feb 9 -
Orlando - Medical & healthcare
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


text:
Created in this Craftsy Course
Small Cakes, Big Business taught by Chrissie Boon
Grow your cake business! Acquire new customers by offering an affordable collection of original cake designs you can create on-demand.
Other projects made as part of this class:
Cake DecoratingFor a 6 year old girl
Cake DecoratingCake
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
how much do you charge for the present cake?
10/02/2013 Flag
I think the bow pattern is the big rectangle on the bottom of page 7 in the course materials (with text and a dotted line in the middle of it).
11/14/2013 Flag
The present cake (and other ready-to-go cakes) are listed in the Too Nice to Slice shop for $75. http://icinginspirations.myshopify.com/collections/just-a-slice-cakes/products/jewelery-box-just-a-slice-cake
11/14/2013 Flag
I think it is worth this!
11/29/2013 Flag
Waw, beautiful cakes
11/18/2014 Flag


text:
Hey everyone! First off, I'm new to this forum and I want to say God Bless you all for practicing and keeping our freedoms alive. I know of the two main media's you can use(Corn cob and Walnut) but is there any other if not better media out on the market?
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i asked a similar question a bit back and got some good answers. my last tumbling efforts was 70% cob 30% nut with 2 dryer sheets seemed to do a very nice job with minimal dust.
stop up in the new member forum and intro yourself
"Gun control: The theory that a woman found dead in an alley, raped and strangled with her panty hose, is somehow morally superior to a woman explaining to police how her attacker got that fatal bullet wound." L. Neil Smith
The problem with being stupid is you cannot simply decide to stop doing dumb things...
"I crapped my pants to avoid the draft!!" -Ted Nugent
Rice. Uncooked, of course.
What we have here is... failure- to communicate.
Hormandy Ultrasonic
Cleans inside & out.
Yes, rice does good. Yes, it gets inside. but does not tend to get in the freaking flash holes. Add a pinch of tin oxide powder if you need more aggressive polish. Give it a try- a bag will cost you a buck.


text:
- Subscribe
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Download this free, 80-page Food Safety Playbook jam-packed with strategies for success, best practices, how to ensure compliance with FSMA, and pitfalls to avoid. Written specifically from a packaging perspective
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Supplier news: Relocations, expansions
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text:
This disclosure relates to a color video system that is adapted to receive digital codes representing values of different colors that are to be displayed to create an image on a standard video monitor. The system employs a video synthesizer which includes a memory in which appropriate digital signals are stored representing the desired transformations of the signals to signals that are to be transmitted to the video monitor. Specifically, the system is adapted to transform respective color codes to codes required for the I, Q, and Y mode of transmission.
1. A color video display system comprising:
transformation means to receive a plurality of digital codes representing base colors to be displayed and having a plurality of outputs on which are placed digital signals representing differences between at least two of said base color values and a luminance value; and
digital-to-video converter means coupled to said transformation means and adapted to provide outputs representing phase-encoded signals of said transformation outputs.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein:
said transformation means is adapted to provide digital signal outputs representing values of the I and Q components of said received digital codes.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein:
said transformation means includes a memory in which said digital signals are stored.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein:
said transformation means includes a luminance portion thereof having an output on which are placed digital signals representing a luminance component value; and
said digital-to-video converter means includes luminance means to convert said luminance digital signals to phase-encoded signals.
5. A system according to claim 4 further including:
summing means coupled to said converter means to combine the phase-encoded signals received therefrom to provide a composite video signal.
6. A system according to claim 1 further including:
storage means having digital signals stored therein representing said base color values; and
processing means coupled between said storage means and said transformation means to provide said base color values to said transformation means.
7. A color video display system comprising:
transformation means to receive a plurality of digital codes representing base colors to be displayed and having a memory in which are stored digital signals representing differences between at least two of said base color values and a luminance value; and
digital-to-video converter means coupled to said transformation means and adapted to provide outputs representing phase-encoded signals of said transformation outputs.
8. A system according to claim 7 wherein:
said transformation means is adapted to provide digital signal outputs representing values of the I and Q components of said received digital codes.
9. A system according to claim 7 further including:
storage means having digital signals stored therein representing said base color values; and
processing means coupled between said storage means and said transformation means to provide said base color values to said transformation means.
10. A system according to claim 7 further including:
a video camera to generate video signals representing an image; and
analog-to-digital converter means to convert said video signal to digital signals, said converter means being coupled between said camera and said transformation means.
11. The system according to claim 7 wherein said digital-to-video converter means includes:
a source of a plurality of square-wave signals which differ in phase from one another;
means coupled to said square-wave source to receive said different square-wave signals and to impose an amplitude on each of said signals according to said digital signals received from said transformation means; and
summing means to sum together said different square-wave signals to provide an output video signal.
12. A system according to claim 11 wherein said digital-to-video converter further includes:
second means to provide a DC signal representing a luminance value; and
second summing means to provide the sum of said DC signal with said video output signal.
13. A color video display system comprising:
a source of digital signals representing different values;
a source of a plurality of square-wave signals which differ in phase from one another;
means coupled to said square-wave source to receive said different square-wave signals and to impose an amplitude on each of said signals according to said digital signals received from said digital signal source; and
summing means to sum together said different square-wave signals to provide an output video signal.
14. A system according to claim 13 which further includes:
second means to provide a DC signal representing a luminance value; and
second summing means to sum said DC signal with said video output signal.
15. A system according to claim 13 further including:
switching means to switch between one of said plurality of square-wave signals and another.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the digital video display system, and more particularly to such a display system employing a color video encoder so as to provide composite color display.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Prior art display systems for data processing and the like were basically character displays wherein representations of characters were formed as a matrix of discrete points on the face of a cathode ray tube. Such a method of representation of characters predates electronics and may be found in embroidery, mosaics, and other disciplines employing a grid pattern. Such characters displayed on a cathode ray tube are of inferior readability unless the dot-matrix allowed for each character was much larger than 5�7 or 7�9, which are the most commonly used matrices.
Although such systems may be called video displays, they are without exception incompatible with broadcast video standards and use a standard television set or monitor in such a crude fashion that half of its spatial and all of its gray-scale resolution is lost in forming an image.
The most important reason why designers have avoided the standard broadcast type of video raster is that it is interlaced. By producing the complete frame of two interlaced fields, broadcast video achieves twice the resolution that can be achieved at that scan rate without interlace. However, dot-matrix characters appear to "flicker" when interlaced fields are used, particularly if the great majority of dots over any local region happen to fall within one or the other field. "Flicker" is a problem when interlace is employed not only for dot-matrix characters but also when there are very high contrast images. Thus, even when a standard video monitor is employed as the display device, such as for a video terminal, it is used without interlace and is limited in its vertical resolution. Because this resolution is not adequate to display a large number of good quality dot-matrix characters, some systems must employ video rasters which are incompatible with standard video monitors. It is desirable to employ standard video monitors because of their economy due to mass production.
A display system which overcomes the "flicker" problem and also successfully employs a standard monitor with interlaced scan is disclosed in the Seitz et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,158,200, which system displays characters that are made up of a plurality of different gray-scale levels or levels of luminance to create the full image of the character to be displayed on the display monitor. While the system of the Seitz et al patent can display a plurality of different gray-scale levels or luminance levels, it is not capable of displaying colored images so as to take advantage of commercially available color video sets or monitors. This invention is directed at extending the inventions described in the Seitz et al patent to color display, and in particular to the color broadcast system used in the United States (reference to National Television Standards Committee (NTSC)). Other color broadcast systems in use through the world differ from the NTSC system only in certain parameters and not in any fundamental way, so that the techniques described here are equally applicable to all major color broadcast systems.
It is evident to one skilled in the art that the basic techniques of the Seitz et al patent, in particular the use of gray-scale shading, can be applied to color images by applying the technique individually to the red, green, and blue components of the color image. However, for broadcast systems only a single signal, not three separate signals, controls the mixing of red, green, and blue. What follows particularly addresses the problem of synthesizing the single signal from a digital specification of color.
Initial attempts at digitally controlled color video systems to simulate many combinations of colors and to "colorize" gray-scale pictures resulted in images which appear to "glimmer". That is to say, if a picture with high frequency video components was colorized, a crawling effect appeared along the edge where abrupt changes in color occurred. This effect was caused by a lack of bandwidth limiting of the chrominance signal.
This could be corrected in part by encoding the luminance information separately from the chrominance information and employing digital filters. However, the filters cause a delay in the generation of the color information with respect to the luminance information and the large area of the analog section of the system was devoted to adjustments. Furthermore, the color filtering was not to standards accepted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the compatible, composite, color video waveform.
It is, then, an object of the present invention to provide an improved digital display system for the color display of characters, images, and other information.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved digitally controlled color video display system for pictures with high frequency video components without incurring "glimmer" effects.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a display system that employs digital control for standard commercial video monitors.
In order to achieve the above-identified objects, the present invention is directed toward a color video system that is adapted to receive digital codes representing values of different colors which are to be displayed to create an image on a standard video monitor. The color codes are converted to values representing signals that are to be transmitted to the monitor. The conversion is under digital control. To this end, the system employs a video synthesizer which includes a memory in which the appropriate digital signals are stored representing the desired transformations. Specifically, the system is adapted to transform respective color codes into codes required for the I, Q, and Y mode of transmission. Chrominance is encoded into I and Q, and luminance is encoded into Y.
A feature, then, of the present invention resides in a digitally controlled video synthesizer for a display system which includes a memory in which the appropriate digital signals are stored representing the desired transformation. A specific feature resides in such a system which is adapted to transform respective color codes into codes required for the I, Q, and Y mode of transmission.
The above and other objects, advantages, and features of the present invention will become more readily apparent from a review of the following specification when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a representation of a system employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a phase diagram representing the relation between the signals employed to represent the various colors to be displayed by the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a waveform of signals as employed in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram representing the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the color transform logic as employed in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the color digital-to-video converter as employed in the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the timing system employed in the present invention.
The present invention is directed toward the color display of digital information and images, whether those images be generated by a color video camera or are created by an image processor from information stored in the system. The organization of a system employing the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown therein, stored information structures are fetched from information storage 10 by image display processor 11 which controls the communication between storage 10 and the display system of the present invention. Image codes are transferred to image buffer 12 and then to video synthesizer 14 where they may be mixed with other signals representing other images such as characters and synchronization signals to provide the composite video signals that are supplied to the standard video monitor 15. In addition, character display processor 16 and character buffer 17 and character generator 18 are provided in parallel with the image display processor 11 and image buffer 12 when it is desired to superimpose character text upon some other image. As indicated in FIG. 1, image signals may be received from other sources such as a video camera 20 having an appropriate analog-to-digital converter 21 to convert the analog signals from the camera to the digital code required by the present invention.
For video representation of an image, a signal must be provided which produces on a video monitor an approximation of that image which is close enough to what is perceived by the human eye. A video camera will convert the image to a signal for the display of natural scenes. For synthetic images, such as character or graphic display, a synthetic video signal is produced electronically according to information stored within or delivered to the electronic system.
The usual analog video art requires two discrete approximations be made to present an approximation to a natural scene. The scene is composed of a sequence of discrete frames and each frame is composed first of a sequence of discrete scan lines. As the scan lines are traversed in sequence, the time-varying video signal is a representation of the luminance and chrominance of the corresponding point in the scan. The justification for the discrete frames is the unconscious reconstruction of motion by the human observer and the justification for the discrete scan lines is the limited resolution of the human eye.
For the display of digitally synthesized video images such as character or graphic displays, two additional discrete approximations are made. First, each scan line is composed of a sequence of discrete picture elements (pixels). Second, each pixel has a luminance and chrominance value which in the present invention is approximated by one of a number of discrete values according to a sequence of binary digits. The justification for the discrete approximation of the pixel is the limited resolution of the eye and equates through a sampling theorem to the bandwidth limit in an analog video signal. The justification for the discrete approximation of the luminance and chrominance value is the limited ability of the eye to discriminate luminance and chrominance when a sufficient number of levels of approximations are employed.
According to these additional approximations, an image may be represented as an array of values, either discrete or continuous. If these values are extracted from digital storage and produced in the order and rate corresponding to the adopted scanning order and rate, these values may be converted to an analog video signal conforming to some adopted standard and the image may be displayed using a standard video monitor.
For gray-scale or color pictures, the digital code required for each pixel is more than one bit. A two-bit code allows four levels of gray or four colors, a three-bit code allows eight levels of gray or eight colors, and so forth. The gray-scale and color resolution is established by the number of bits in the code. The lower bound is one bit; the sensible upper bound is determined by psychovisual experiments and by accuracy of the conversion procedures between the digital and analog domains of the system.
Additional considerations must be taken into account for a color video display. The eye resolves the radiant light energy of a color into a specific wavelength (hue) at a light level above white (saturation), and at a particular energy level (brightness or luminance). Hue and saturation are the components of the color that distinguish it from black, gray, or white. They are the additional information conveyed by the chrominance signal. If the components of one color are mixed with another color, a third color results. For example, adding red light to green light yields yellow light. Mixing colored lights to match another color follows specific rules. The use of three suitable colors is sufficient to match most other colors. For color television, red, green, and blue were selected as the base colors.
A color video camera has three pick-up tubes that convert light energy into electrical energy. The tubes are arranged so that each responds only to one color. Each tube is adjusted so that it will produce a one-volt output when its particular color is scanned. When the white color is scanned, all three channels will be at one volt.
The mixing of equal quantities of all three colors gives white, but the contribution of each color to the brightness level is different. The output voltage of each color is combined in a matrix to form the "Y", or luminance signal. The matrix receiving the different color signals is adjusted to produce a one-volt signal when a white bar is scanned according to the relation:
EY =0.30Er +0.59Eg +0.11Eb
Where EY is the volt of the luminance signal output, Er is one volt of the red channel output to the matrix; Eg is one volt of the green channel output; and Eb is one volt of the blue channel output.
Chrominance information is the result of subtracting the luminance information from the three color channel outputs. This yields the color difference signals as follows:
Er -EY =-0.70Er -0.59Eg -0.11Eb
Eg -EY =-0.30Er -0.41Eg -0.11Eb
Eb -EY =-0.30Er -0.59Eg -0.89Eb
Only two signals in addition to the luminance signal EY need be transmitted to the display monitor because at the display monitor the Eg -EY signal can be derived from the Er -EY and the Eb -EY signals by the following relation:
Eg -EY =0.51(Er -EY)-0.19(Eb -EY)
In plotting the phase relationships between the different signals employed in a color video system, one can use the Er -EY and Eb -EY signals as the orthoganal axis of the graph. Such a graph is illustrated in FIG. 2.
The angular resolution of the eye for various colors is not uniform. If a blue object, such as a car, drives away from an observer, at some point the color blue can no longer be discerned. The distance is greater for red. These facts allow optimal bandwidth limiting of the chrominance signal by using the I and Q axes as illustrated in FIG. 2. The equations for transformation to the I and Q axes are:
EI =0.60Er -0.38Eg -0.32Eb
EQ =0.21Er -0.52Eg -0.32Eb
Analog encoding of the values along the I and Q axes is accomplished by the use of subcarrier modulation. A "color burst" establishes a fixed reference signal that the commercial display monitor can lock onto. The I and Q information is used to phase modulate a signal relative to the reference signal. The frequency of the subcarrier is fixed by standards established by the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) and accepted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It is the highest odd harmonic of one-half the scan frequency (45512 times the scan frequency) that would not exceed the bandwidth restrictions, not interfere with the audio subsystem. This harmonic relationship to the scan line frequency results in an apparent cancellation of the effects of the high frequency component. This cancellation is necessary so that the addition of color information will not interfere with the normal monochrome set operation.
The reference signal is a burst of a 3.579545 MHz signal which follows the horizontal synchronization pulse. Its timing and amplitude are also fixed by the above-referred-to standard. This timing is illustrated in FIG. 3. The position of the burst is on the -(B-Y) axes of FIG. 2. The +I axis lags the reference burst by 57�. FIG. 3 also illustrates the relation between the luminance value EY which is the DC voltage signal for the picture element to be displayed and the degree of saturation which is the amplitude of the voltage displacement of the signal from the luminance. The complete chrominance signal is the degree of saturation and the color hue which is the phase relation between the chrominance signal and the color burst.
Full saturation is the maximum voltage allowed by the NTSC standard. For example, a fully saturated red scene would produce a signal with a phase angle that lags the color burst by 76.5�. The degree of saturation or the chrominance amplitude signal would be 0.63 volts and the luminance value or DC offset would be 0.30 volts. A less saturated red (e.g., pink) would have a signal with the same phase angle but with a lesser chrominance value and a different DC offset.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the composite video signal output is made up of the encoded color signals EI and EQ and the luminance signal EY. In another embodiment of the present invention the color information is encoded along the ER -EY and EB -EY axis of FIG. 2 and these signals are transmitted with the EY luminance signal to the standard video monitor. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the digitized red, blue and green signals are directly converted to video signals for transmission to the video monitor.
The transformation of the digitized color code into the I, Q and Y code is performed in the present invention by video synthesizer 14 of FIG. 1. This synthesizer is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 4 and includes transform logic 22, as well as digital-to-video converter 23. In addition, the synthesizer includes digital filters 24 and 25 between transform logic 22 and converter 23. Also shown in FIG. 4 is the Y DAC 28, Y delay compensation 26, color burst gate 27, and output summing amplifier 29, which will be more thoroughly described below.
Transform logic 22 of FIG. 4 is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 5 and includes ROM sets 30, 31 and 32, each of which is comprised of three 16�8 individual ROM's in which are stored the 16 sets of eight-bit signals for the I, Q and Y transformations of the four-bit red, green and blue inputs respectively. That is to say, the respective four-bit color inputs are addresses to the respective ROM's in which are stored the corresponding signals required to generate the EI, EQ and EY signals according to the corresponding equations that have been described above. The corresponding components are then to be summed together and for this purpose, adder sets 33, 34 and 35, as well as adder sets 36, 37 and 38 are concatenated as illustrated in FIG. 5.
Each of the ROM sets and adder sets are provided with output registers or latches to receive and hold the corresponding signals until the next system clock. That is to say, ROM set 30 is provided with register 30A, adder set 33 is provided with register 33A, and adder set 36 is provided with register 36A, and so forth. In this manner, the respective transformations are "pipelined". For example, after receipt of red, green and input signals, registers 30A, B and C; registers 31A, B and C, and registers 32A, B and C will receive the respective I, Q and Y signals one clock time later. Two clock times later, registers 33A, 34A and 35A will receive the partial sum of those values while registers 30A, B and C; 31A, B and C, and 32A, B and C will be receiving transform signals for the next picture element. Three clock times later, registers 36A, 37A and 38A will receive the complete sum of transform values while registers 33A, 34A and 35A will receive the partial sum values for the next picture element and registers 30A, B and C; 31A, B and C, and 32A, B and C will receive transform signals for the third picture element, and so forth.
The respective six-bit digits for the I and Q color data are received by the digital video converter 23 of FIG. 4 which is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 6. In addition, converter 23 receives six-bit I and Q color burst constants as required to generate the color burst signal described above. The corresponding sets of signals are received by I switch 40 and Q switch 41 which select between respective inputs in accordance with whether a signal is present on the burst gate line. The selected data is then transmitted to the corresponding I DAC 42 and Q DAC 43. The output of the I DAC and Q DAC are then provided to summing amplifier 44.
DAC's 42 and 43, as well as Y DAC 28 of FIG. 4, are of the R/2R ladder-type multiplying DAC's which receive digital input signals by way of appropriate NAND gates. In addition, I DAC 42 and Q DAC 43 receive corresponding square-wave phase signals which are ANDed with the respective amplitude signals in the ladder network. As indicated in FIG. 6, one bit of the six-bit data set received from the respective switches 40 and 41 is employed to activate selection switches 45 and 46 to select the appropriately phased signal as required for the particular video data signal output. That is to say, one bit of the six-bit data set is employed to indicate the phase of the chrominance signal according to which quadrant of the I and Q plane is the quadrant in which the particular video signal is to reside.
A particular feature of the present invention resides in the ability of the respective I DAC and Q DAC to receive square-wave signals and sum them together by way of summing amplifier 44 to create the appropriate chroma signal that will eventually be received by the standard commercial video monitor.
FIG. 7 illustrates color clock 47, which generates a signal of 14.318180 MHz to drive four-phase Johnson counter 48 that provides the respective phases at the 3.579545 MHz frequency to drive DAC's 42 and 43. Color clock 47 also drives sync generator 49.
The output from summing amplifier 44 of FIG. 6 is then provided to summing amplifier 29 of FIG. 4, where it is summed with the output signal of Y DAC 28 to create the resultant composite video signal for transmission to a standard video monitor. Y delay 26 of FIG. 4 is provided so that the Y component output of transform logic 22 is received by the Y DAC 28 in synchronism from the respective chroma data received by digital-to-video converter 23. The composite video signal generated by the synthesizer of FIG. 4 now contains the signals and frequencies required for transmission of information representing the I, Q and Y components necessary to drive a standard video monitor.
With the system thus described, transformations can be made of digital red, green and blue signals into either encoded I, Q and Y signals or R-Y, B-Y and Y signals. In addition, the digital video encoder can receive the digitized red, green and blue signals for direct conversion to the video signal. This can be done either by storing appropriate signals in the different ROM's for a one-to-one transformation, or for bypassing the transformation ROM's altogether.
A digitally-controlled display system has been described which provides a low-cost, reproducible, adjustment-free system for color displays. Furthermore, the system is fully compatible with NTSC standards, including proper bandwidth limiting. The phase control is fully digital and, thus, standard digital components can be used so that the system might be readily implemented in integrated circuit chips designed for binary operation.
While a system has been disclosed for I, Q and Y encoding, the system can be readily encoded in other color representations. For example, low cost color cameras which use R-Y and B-Y encoding can be accommodated. The system is compatible with standard video monitors so that loss of the color system will not disrupt the monochrome operation.
While but one embodiment of the present invention has been described, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as claimed.
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About SAC
Current Leadership
Lauren Miller
Student Activities Chair
Student Administrative Committee Member
Northwestern University
Evanston (IL), United States
Arash Ajoudani
Student Activities Co-Chair
The Italian Institute of Technology
University of Pisa
Genova, Italy
Jory Denny
Student Activities Co-Chair
Texas A&M University
College Station (TX),
United States
Patrick Wensing
Student Activities Co-Chair
The Ohio State University
Columbus (OH), United States
Past Leadership
Laura Margheri (chair) 2012-2013
Patrick Wensing (co-chair) 2012
Douwe Dresscher (co-chair) 2012
Tamas Haidegger (chair) 2010-2011
Alejandro Perez (co-chair) 2010, 2011
Marcelo L. Moreyra (co-chair) 2011
Michel Franken (co-chair) 2010
Carol Reiley (chair) 2008-2009
Junjie 'Jonjay' Zhang, Shogo Okamoto (co-chairs) 2009
Elena Gribovskaya, Phil Roan (co-chairs) 2008
Surya Singh 2006-2008 (first chair)
The SAC is responsible for organizing and managing activities, promotions, and competitions to recruit students and keep members active. As part of the Member Activities Board, the SAC consists of a chair who serves a two year position and three co-chairs who serve one year positions.
The main role of SAC is to provide students with opportunities to advance their careers and improve their professional experience. In order to support students' training, careers, and professional relationships, we believe that facilitating active networking, interdisciplinary dialogue, and robotics education at all levels are fundamental goals for the Committee to work towards. To achieve these goals, the SAC organizes events to give students the chance to find high quality information, as well as to find the best places where robotics innovators and scientists meet to exchange their knowledge and experience.
The SAC puts on a set of activities especially during ICRA and IROS, the two annual flagship conferences of the Robotics and Automation Society. Students activities promoted by RAS are organized during CASE and BioRob too. By participating in these events, students have the opportunity to network with innovators, possible future mentors, colleagues, and friends.
Since robotics is more and more becoming an interdisciplinary science, involving medicine, biology, neuroscience, ethics, psychology, and many more, SAC encourages the collaboration between RAS students and IEEE Societies in other fields in order to increase opportunities for future cooperative projects and research groups, paving the path for breakthrough ideas and technological innovation. Promotion, education, and training for robotics are carried out for students at different ages. International events, Summer Schools, and media are used as fundamental ways to energize interest and knowledge in robotics. Furthermore, PhD students, undergraduates and younger children are involved in a range of activities with different robotics initiatives. Student branches and chapters are encouraged and supported by our committee and provide a local presence to promote careers, to create networks, and coordinate member events.
The Student Activities Committee of the Robotics & Automation Society represents an exclusive resource for your career and knowledge. It offers occasions to meet and interact with leaders of academia and industry, and we may help to find chances for mobility, jobs, internships, and financial support.
Upcoming Events
Stay tuned!
Past Events
IROS 2014 RAS Student Activities Committee Meeting
- Tuesday, Sept. 16th: 1:30-3:00 PM
- The Kimball Room, Palmer House Hilton
Stop by to learn about what the SAC is working on and how to get involved.
Student lounge & coffee break
- Tuesday, Sept. 16th and Wed., Sept. 17th, 9:00 AM -12:00 PM
- The Logan Room, Palmer House Hilton
Come by If you need a place to unload between sessions or do some last minute preparations. There will be internet and a projector/screen available, coffee, and light snacks. Members of the SAC will be around if you have questions.
IROS 2014 Lunch with leaders (LwL)
- Wednesday, Sept. 17th: 12:10-1:10 PM
- Crystal Room, Palmer House Hilton
LwL is an opportunity for students to network with RAS leaders and get advice on their career and research. Advanced registration required ($5.00).
Social Event: Student Networking at Public House
- Wednesday, Sept. 17th: 9:00 PM-12:00 AM
- Public House
Come out after the farewell party to meet fellow students over drinks and snacks. We've reserved a space and your first drink and some bar snacks are on us, followed by a cash bar (and drink specials). There a many bars and restaurants nearby to explore afterwards. Bring cash if you plan on drinking.
Social Event: Adler After Dark: "Hops n' Bots"
- Thursday, Sept. 18th: 6:00-10:00 PM
- Adler Planetarium
Open access to the Planetarium, unlimited shows, great views of the Chicago skyline, multiple bars with local craft beers (7 free samples included!), a band, and robots. Admission will be free for up to 50 conference attendees with valid student ID. Tickets can be picked up at the IROS/VIP desk near the entrance.
CASE 2014 Lunch with Leaders
- Thursday, August 21, 12:00-13:00
- Arcadia Cafe, Fullon Hotel Danshui Fishermen's Wharf
The SAC is organizing an event to meet and interact with community leaders. This event will offer multiple perspectives from leaders of the RAS and will included open-ended discussions about what it takes to be a leader in our profession. Leadres inlude (in alphabetic order)
Prof. Fan-Tien Cheng
Prof. Ken Goldberg
Prof. Bengt Lennartson
Prof. Peter Luh
Prof. John T. Wen
ICRA 2014 SAC meeting
- June, 3, 13:30 - 15:00
- Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Room G311
Please join us at the SAC meeting this coming ICRA to learn about volunteer opportunities available within the group! No advance registration required.
ICRA 2014 Lunch with Leaders
- Tuesday, June 3, 12:30-13:30
- Hong Kong Convention Center, Room G311 on L3
The SAC is organizing an event to meet and interact with community leaders. This event will offer multiple perspectives from leaders of the RAS and will included open-ended discussions about what it takes to be a leader in our profession. Here is a list of our invited leaders, covering vast areas in the field of robotics (in alphabetic order):
Prof. Antonio Bicchi
Prof. Bill Hamel
Prof. Raja Chatila
Prof. Ron Lumia
Prof. Anthony Maciejewski
Prof. Raj Madhavan
Prof. Paul Oh
Prof. David Orin
Prof. Satoshi Tadokoro
Prof. Ning Xi
Prof. Jing Xiao
At this time, the Lunch with Leaders event is full. We look forward to seeing you all at ICRA!
ICRA 2014 Student Networking Event
- Monday, June 2nd: 20:00-23:00
- Typhoon, 37-39 Lockhart Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong
Drop by Typhoon bar in Wanchai after the first day of the conference to meet fellow students over drinks and snacks.
ICRA 2014 Farewell Night Out
- Thursday, June 5th: 21:00-24:00
- Bassment, 3 Lyndhurst Terrace, Central, Hong Kong
After the farewell dinner, meet at Bassment bar between 21:00 and 22:00 for an organized tour of nightlife in the Lan Kwai Fong area.
Student News and Announcements
You can also follow the latest news and announcements on the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society's Facebook group page.
Call for Student Video Contest Submissions
Do you have a cool robotic idea or application you want to show off? The IEEE RAS SAC wants you to make a creative video to show your robotics skills! Enter a video of your creation, showing robotics, and the winner's video will be displayed at ICRA 2015 and posted on the IEEE RAS SAC website. Additionally, cash prizes will be given to the top three winners.
- Video entries may be of any medium, sketch, cartoon, real life, etc. Videos must be appropriate in nature for all ages, more specifically the video could be educational, highlight some concept or theoretical idea, or show off an application, or be creative in your own way. Videos will have a maximum length of 1 minute.
- Videos must be created by students or groups of students.
- IEEE RAS SAC chair and co-chairs will decide the winner - all decisions are final.
Contest winner will receive the following prizes:
- 1st Place - $300, video posted on IEEE RAS SAC Websites and presented at ICRA 2015
- 2nd Place - $150
- 3rd Place - $50
Entries are due May 1st, 2015 at 00:00 PST (midnight) and Contest winners will be announced before the start of ICRA '15
Current News
Announcing the Winner of our Logo Contest
The SAC is pleased to announce the winner of our logo contest, Santiago Morante! We narrowed the submissions down to five (which wasn't easy), and put the vote out publicly. We received about 100 votes in total, and it was quite a close race with so many great submissions. The winning design, as well as the second and third place winners, are shown below. Thank you all so much for taking the time to participate.
This was our first time running this sort of competition, so if you have any feedback for us on running the contest, voting, etc., please let us know.
Get Involved
Thanks for your interest in getting involved with the SAC! Please see the sections below for information on Current Volunteer Opportunities or General SAC Involvement.
Current Volunteer Opportunities
Call for Student Activities Committee (SAC) Co-Chair
The IEEE Robotics and Automation Society is seeking applications for the position of co-chair on the board of the Society's Student Activities Committee (SAC). The co-chair will serve for one calendar year (2015), and will serve with the SAC Chair and two other co-chairs.
The IEEE-RAS Student Activities Committee promotes student participation in the Society activities in cooperation with all Society Boards, Committees and Working Groups, under the supervision of the Membership Activities Board (MAB). The mission of the committee includes working on issues of interest to student members and interacting with student members and student chapter branches.
Current areas of focus include:
- IEEE RAS Facebook group management
- Lunch with Leaders held at flagship conferences (ICRA, CASE, IROS)
- Informal and social events at RAS sponsored conferences
- Educational webinars
- Membership development
- SAC Website content
- Coordination with student branch chapter chairs
- Newsletter
- SAC column in IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine (quarterly publication)
The board members of SAC are appointed by the RAS President from a slate of candidates approved by the Membership Activities Board. Candidates may be undergraduate or graduate students, but must be student members of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society in good standing. The ideal candidate has strong social and professional skills, willing to take part in the ongoing activities and having proposals for new initiatives. Past participation in SAC is requested but not required. There is no geographical preference.
The co-chair is encouraged to attend the the ICRA and IROS conferences.* Partial travel support is provided by the Society (up to $500 for the co-chair).
- A letter indicating why you are interested in serving on the SAC board (1 page maximum)
- A copy of your CV or resume (2 pages maximum)
- A letter of support from a faculty member at your college or university, who is a member of IEEE RAS.
*Meeting dates and locations are as follows:
- ICRA 2015 Seattle, Washington, USA
- IROS 2015 Hamburg, Germany
General SAC Involvement
Join Our Google Group
Interested to volunteer with the Student Activities Committee? Our Google Group is a common area for SAC volunteers to communicate ideas and work together towards our SAC initiatives.
After joining our Google Group, let us know what you are interested to help with by filling out the form below
Propose an Initiative
We're looking to start a few new programs for students and we'd love to get your feedback on some of our ideas, and hear any ideas you may have! What do you think the SAC could provide to members at conferences or in general to help students with networking, making connections, getting access to resources and information, etc.?
Please let us know though our shared New SAC Initiatives Google Doc.
As a general guideline, the more specific you can be,the better for helping us get an idea of what you're looking for. Let us know why a particular program would be helpful, how you'd envision implementing, etc. Soon, we'll be asking for volunteers to work with us and possible take charge of different projects.
Volunteer at an RAS conferences
- Lab tours.
- City tours.
- Student lunches/dinners.
- Or any other exciting local opportunities. These conferences offer a unique opportunity to experience other cultures!
IEEE RAS Membership
Not am IEEE RAS member yet? - no problem, join NOW!
IEEE is the world's largest professional association providing access to the industry's most essential technical information, networking opportunities, career development tools and many other exclusive benefits to its members. Learn more about these here.
The Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) is interested in both applied and theoretical issues in robotics and automation. The Robotics and Automation Magazine and the Transactions on Robotics are the highest ranked journals in the field. We do not need to introduce the flagship conferences of the RAS: ICRA and IROS, both providing significant discounts to members.
We are particularly inviting you to join the RAS Student Committee, to be part of a great experience: having fun while acquiring new knowledge and developing your career. Below, you can see the variety of programs we are preparing for our colleagues . You are welcome to join! All in all, IEEE requires a very modest membership fee from students compared to the direct and indirect benefits.
Student Activities
Want more information on how to participate or volunteer with the SAC?
- Stay tuned to our Announcements for the most up to date news.
- Attend one of our Upcoming Events.
- Engage with your peers in our Facebook Group.
- Or Get Involved as a volunteer.
News and Announcements
Follow the latest news and announcements on the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society's Facebook group page.
Latest News


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Molecular phylogenetics and its role for evaluating biodiversity and classification of the orchid subtribe Aeridinae
Topik Hidayat, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)
Phylogenetic analyses to examine relationships among genera of orchid subtribe Aeridinae were carried out using two DNA sequence data sets derived from matK, the maturase coding gene located in an intron of the plastid gene trnK, and the internal transcribed spacer region of 18S–26S nuclear ribosomal DNA. These analyses, specifically, investigated phylogenetic relationships among genera in the subtribe, the congruence between previous classifications of the subtribe and the phylogenetic relationships inferred from the molecular data, and evolutionary trends of taxonomically important characters of orchid group, such as pollinia, a spurred lip, a column foot, stipe and viscidium, and length of stem. Parsimony analyses employing 111 species consisting of 79 genera of subtribe Aeridinae (sampled from Asia and Australia) and three genera of outgroup revealed several insights. The analyses showed that subtribe Aeridinae are monophyletic and four major clades with 11 subclades can be recognized. Repeated evolution of several characters such as pollinium number, presence or absence of column foot, spur length, and shape of stipe and viscidium is confirmed in this study. This indicates limited utility of these characters in determining major relationship within subtribe Aeridinae. Contrariwise, length of the stem appears to be a good character in determining major relationships of subtribe Aeridinae. Evolution of presence or absence of column foot, spur length, and shape of stipe and viscidium may correlate with shifts of pollinators. The results also support hypothesis that subtribe Aeridinae evolved in Asian region and subsequently spread out to Australasian region and other continents. In light of these findings, a tentative revised classification scheme of subtribe Aeridinae is discussed.
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John G. Hirschy & Associates Reviews
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I have been working at John G. Hirschy & AssociatesPros
The company accept you way before junior level. It's is a good start for some great future internships. Working environment is really joyful and family oriented. Boss is a great person!Cons
Small company. Don't have much of full time offerings chance. It was more like a work rather than an internship to me.Advice to ManagementAdvice
I think I would growth faster. I would use more aggressive marketing approaches. The bigger the company is, the more efficient it is.Recommends
I worked at John G. Hirschy & AssociatesPros
It was a job when they are difficult to come by.Cons
Very difficult person to work for.Advice to ManagementAdvice
Needs to appreciate his employees, their gifts and their dedication to him and his company.Doesn't Recommend


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Hotel Royal Superga
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... br> Meandered through the old town and had light meal at a small caf� then bought some groceries to take back to our room at the Oasis Hotel.
Wine, truffles and more wine!
... the Barolo region and the G D Vajra winery which produces 400,000 bottles a year. It is a family winery run by the 3 children of the founder. We tasted 3 Nebbiolo reds and a moscato all produced from grapes from their vineyards. Wine makers are strictly controlled by govt regulations as to how long a wine is aged among other things. This then allows them to gain certification as either DOC or DOCG. We also stopped in the town of Borolo and walked the cobbled streets for 40 minutes. ...
Grappa and another cooking school.
Friday Oct 10 Agriturismo Le Arcate provided the best breakfast of our trip, only hope the photo does it justice. We set off this morning to a Grappa Distillery; our memories of Grappa go back to the 70s and the memories are rather dim because it could only be described as the local rocket fuel. The Marollo Distillery prides itself in producing Grappa of the very highest quality ...
Air Pressure and the Highest Road in the Alps
... the tyre the road to Rimplas is just spectacular. I am on the Route des Grande Alpes which winds through ravines and tunnels, often clinging to the sheer mountain sides high above the river valley.
I climb up the side road to Rimplas and check into the Hostellerie du Randonneur . Stefan wasn't wrong. It's lovely. There is a Moto Guzzi in the main room and fine ...
Rain and Tunnels
... Milu B&B, a stylish room in a lovely house on the outskirts of town.
An old gentleman greets me at the door. He speaks no English but soon has his granddaughter on the phone. It is she who runs the B&B and her English is good. It's a bit pricey at €39 with a DIY breakfast provided in the room.
But it's late and the room is comfortable, so I stay.


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Latest Regenerative biomedicine Stories
Substantial advance in the development of next-generation "organ replacement regenerative therapies" Tokyo, July 13, 2011 - (JCN Newswire) - Donor organ transplantation is currently an essential therapeutic approach to the replacement of a dysfunctional organ as a result of disease, injury or aging in vivo.
Portal designed to accelerate global understanding of stem cell research and build on legacy of Canadian leadership in regenerative medicine To view the Social Media Release, click here: http://smr.newswire.ca/en/mcewen-centre-for-regenerative-medicine/mcewen-centre-for-regenerative-medicine-launches-stem TORONTO, June 15, 2011 /PRNewswire/ - Today, the McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine launched Stem Cell City, a virtual community designed to inform people about stem cell...
Olympic Silver Medalist David Payne has joined elite athletes Tiger Woods, Hines Ward and Takaishi Saito in using Cell Therapy. According to A.J.
BOTHELL, Wash., June 1, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- BioLife Solutions, Inc.
BALTIMORE, April 28, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- UMB's Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Paragon Bioservices, Inc., a contract research and GMP manufacturing organization with its headquarters at the University of Maryland BioPark, announced today the formation of a public-private partnership for developing and manufacturing stem cell therapies. Dr.
VIRGINIA BEACH, Va., April 20, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- LifeNet Health, a leading allograft bio-implant and regenerative medicine company, is pleased to announce the ground breaking of its new Institute of Regenerative Medicine on Wednesday, APRIL 20 AT 11:00 AM AT 1884 CONCERT DRIVE IN VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA.
HONOLULU, April 19, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Tissue Genesis, Inc., an emerging leader in adult stem cell and regenerative medicine, announced today that it has begun clinical trials for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) with adipose (fat) derived adult stem cell-coated vascular grafts at the University of Louisville Hospital.
AlphaMed Press announces the launch of a major peer-reviewed journal, STEM CELLS Translational Medicine (SCTM), answering an acknowledged need within the research and clinical communities for comprehensive coverage of stem cell science, stem cell-based regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, stem cell-based predictive toxicology, and cancer stem cell investigation. Durham, NC (Vocus/PRWEB) April 07, 2011 AlphaMed Press announces the launch of a major peer-reviewed journal, STEM CELLS...
MENLO PARK, Calif., April 7, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- BioParadox, Inc., a regenerative medicine company pioneering point-of-care biologic treatments for cardiovascular disease, today announced data supporting the use of VitaKine® Platelet Cell Therapy (PCT) as a promising treatment for heart attack patients.
TAIZHOU, China, March 16, 2011 /PRNewswire-Asia/ -- Beike Biotechnology Co. Ltd. ("Beike") (http://www.beikebiotech.com), China's leading stem cell research and regenerative medicine company, announced an agreement with USA-based ThermoGenesis Corp.
Latest Regenerative biomedicine Reference Libraries
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) may also be referred to as the Mexican salamander or the Mexican walking fish. The Axolotl is a member of the Ambystomatidae family and although its common name may suggest it is a fish, it is an amphibian. Axolotl are found exclusively in Mexico. The species situates, near Mexico City, on the bottom of Xochimilco's lakes. Unlike most salamanders, Axolotl keep its larval features throughout its entire life and very rarely ever emerge from water. A condition...
- The practice of two or more parties jointly purchasing all or part of a butchered cow and dividing the meat between them.


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From The Heart Of the City, Real Ragu
By ERIC ASIMOV
Published: November 3, 1999
IT'S a simple dish yet, minor variations in ingredients and technique can provoke passionate arguments. Its origins are most likely noble; yet, its heights were reached after years of peasant refinement. It's the epitome of home cooking, yet can be the pride of a restaurant.
This paradoxical dish is ragu, a sauce atomically bound by meat and tomatoes, and for Italians all over the world it's a food that signals the warm, secure embrace of family and home.
''The sauce is the center of everything, it's like a cultural force,'' said Alessandra Farkas, a correspondent in New York for Corriere Della Sera, Italy's leading newspaper. ''It's like chicken soup for American Jews -- it holds generations together.''
While ragu may be the glue of the Italian household, it's not just home food. It's the rare restaurant in Italy that doesn't serve its own ragu, especially now in the autumn, the beginning of ragu season, after the last fresh tomatoes of summer have been put up.
It's also a staple at the hundreds of neighborhood Italian restaurants in New York, although frequently it's a disappointment. Some restaurants throw together a thin, tomatoey ragu as if it were a contemptible obligation they'd rather not be associated with. Other restaurants go to the opposite extreme.
''They get a little too fancy, and they invent all these recipes I never heard about,'' Ms. Farkas said. ''There is all this fusion cuisine, and they abandon mothers' and grandmothers' cuisine.''
Yet, every now and then you stumble upon a restaurant that gives the ragu the respect it deserves. These ragus have achieved the unity of a great sauce, in which the individual flavors -- the sweetness of onions and carrots, the richness of browned meat, the intensity and complexity of wine and meat juices -- have melded into a profound whole.
It's a sauce like the mellow yet intense Apulian rabbit ragu served at I Trulli on East 27th Street, or the classic Tuscan duck ragu at Paola's on the Upper East Side, or the robust, earthy wild game ragu at La Grolla on the Upper West Side, which specializes in Val d'Aostan dishes.
While some Italians invest the sauce with a mystique bordering on the magical, others take a more practical approach.
''It's just meat over pasta,'' said Paola Marracino, the owner of Paola's, who generally has at least one ragu on the menu of her restaurant, Paola's, on the Upper East Side. But her ragu di anatra, a rich, luxurious brown sauce made principally of duck, tomato, vegetables and red wine and served over pappardelle, is far more than ''meat over pasta.''
Some New York restaurants have ragu on the menu year-round, but it's really a cool-weather food, making its appearance just about the time that leaves start to turn.
''You wouldn't make it in the middle of summer,'' said Arthur Schwartz, whose book ''Naples at Table'' (HarperCollins, 1998), celebrates the cooking of Campania. ''You have fresh tomato sauce in the middle of summer. You make ragu with canned or jarred tomatoes.''
That's one of the few points of agreement concerning the highly personal, emotionally charged issue of sauce. No matter what you say about ragus, somebody, somewhere, will contradict you. Make a general statement about ingredients, and somebody will argue. Point out that ragus are generally the domain of women, and somebody will trot out a grandfather who made the world's best sauce. But this much is certain: You do not make fun of a person's ragu.
A ragu stands not only for one's family and mother, but also for neighborhood, town, region and identity. And as with most things Italian, the great divide among ragus is north and south.
''There are two classic ragus, and they are entirely different and equally wonderful,'' said Fred Plotkin, an authority on Italian foods. ''One is from Bologna, the other is from Naples.''
A foundation of chopped or ground meat is integral to the northern sauce, the famous ragu bolognese. ''Probably the biggest misunderstanding is that it's a tomato sauce with meat,'' said Lynne Rossetto Kasper, whose book ''The Italian Country Table'' was recently published by Scribner. ''It's a meat sauce with cut-up bits of tomato.''
In the south, the meat is generally not cut up, but cooked whole in the sauce -- pot-roasted, essentially -- and then removed. Pasta with sauce is then served first, followed by a second course of the meat.
''Neapolitans don't think of ragu as tomato sauce,'' Mr. Schwartz said. ''They think of the tomatoes as extracting the flavor of the meat.''
Beyond the essential north-south distinction, the identity of a ragu depends on what meats are used and how the liquid is built up. It can also turn on subtler but equally crucial distinctions, like which herbs are added or which bones are used for flavoring. There may be more red wine in Tuscan sauces than in those of Emilia-Romagna, for example. The choice of pasta, too, is revealing. The tagliatelle that is served with ragu in Bologna would never be used in Rome, where fettuccine is the choice, or in Apulia, where orecchiette is prized.
''Every region will do it differently,'' Ms. Kasper said. ''Every town, every valley, every farmer.''


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Council Meeting
Monday February 23, 5:00pm
The Council's monthly meeting. Open to visitors.
"It felt like a great escape from the classroom, and made me wish we could take our kids outside every day. We slowly walked back to school, wishing to be outside all day." — Partner Teacher with our Slough School Program
"I love this program and look forward to participating (in the future). My granddaughter was very uneasy with "the forest" and many of its creatures. Tad Pole Tales has turned her into a real nature enthusiast....day hikes, camping worms, and much more. " — Tadpole Tales Participant
"It (Slough School) gave students a chance to learn science material, which has become rare due to increasing educational demands." — Teacher
Join your neighbors at the grand opening of the newly created community garden, nature based play area, and picnic shelter at Nadaka Nature Park in Gresham. The park features an amazing nature based play area for children that will connect them to the natural world through play.
Audubon Live BirdsThe Audubon Society of Portland's Education birds will be present and teaming up with Slough School to provide environmental education. Attendees can spread seeds on the new eco lawn areas and enjoy a walk in the forest stopping to view the Camp Fire Girls kiosk. Refreshments and fun for the whole family!
May 16th 9:30 - 11 AM Explore. Learn. Have fun with neighbors! Join us to learn about biodiversity in an urban setting, meet new friends and learn how to identify common species. The Cully Critter Cruise event will end in a celebration at Khunamokwst Park (Grand Opening Event)!
¡Venga a explorar, aprender y divertirse junto con tus vecinos y amigos! Únase a nosotros en la exploración del mundo natural y la biodiversidad en nuestro vecindario. Aprenderá cuáles son las especies más comunes de insectos, aves y artrópodos. El "Cully Critter Cruise" pasará durante la inauguración del nuevo parque de "Khunamokwst Park". Para más información en español oprime aquí.
We're hiring! (Temporary/Part-time)
The North Portland Outreach Specialist (NPO Specialist) will primarily act as an outreach agent with the North Portland community. The NPO Specialist will work with the Council's education, outreach, and stewardship directors. Tasks include: research and outreach to existing community groups within North Portland, working in partnership with these groups to determine contacts, interests, and concerns, conducting key stakeholder interviews, holding focus groups, and populating a new database with names and contacts of community leaders, teachers, agency employees, and potential volunteers.
Closes April 3, 2015 at 4 pm.
See more information in our Employment section of the website.
A selection of photos from the event are posted on our Facebook page. All images are available on Flickr.
Each award winner was honored with a humorous video skit that highlights their work. View this year's award videos here.
Monday February 23, 5:00pm
The Council's monthly meeting. Open to visitors.
Wednesday April 01, 10:00am
Children aged 3-5 with their parents are invited to this weekly nature adventure series!
Wednesday April 08, 10:00am
Children aged 3-5 with their parents are invited to this weekly nature adventure series!


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More in Remodeling
Mix up non-sanded latex-modified grout. When the grout has reached a consistency just a little thinner than peanut butter, use a plastic bag to transfer the mixture to a regular squeeze bottle. Start filling the tiny grout joints on the columns. Use fingers to make sure the grout gets fully into each space. Use the same grout mixture to grout around metal tiles, and then come back and color the grout later.
When the entire area has been grouted and has dried to a light haze, use clean water and a sponge to wipe down the tiles. Take care to make sure the sponge isn't too wet -- which could remove some of the grout. Repeat technique for the arch and headboard.
Grout the small joints of the arch using the same method as the columns. Start with the long seams across the arch, and come back and fill the joints between the metal tiles. Lastly, fill the joint at the top of the headboard between the quarter round and the metal liners.
Use a utility knife to remove all the tile spacers. Because the remaining grout joints are larger than 1/8" thick, mix the sanded grout. Mix the powder with water to the same consistency as the non-sanded grout previously used. Work the grout into the grout lines using a float.
Work the grout around the metal accent tiles without covering them completely. Use a sponge to clean the area after the grout has dried.


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Kernersville Family YMCA
The Kernersville Family YMCA serves the entire family through youth development programs, healthy living and social responsibility initiatives, such as the Bright Beginnings program to provide a special back-to-school shopping experience for local students. Explore your aquatic interest with swim lessons, have fun at day camp or on a youth sports team, or reach your wellness goals with group exercise classes.
Click here to check out our program guide.
Hours of Operation:
Mon – Thurs: 5:00am – 9:30pm
Child Watch Hours:
Youth Fit
Address & Phone
1113 W Mountain St
Phone: (336) 996-2231
March Wellness Challenge
March Member Mania
We're hosting a contest for the Member who takes the most Group Exercise classes in the month of March.
The Member who completes the most classes will win a free month of Membership!
No sign up required, just attend class and see the instructor afterwards.
Aqua Boot Camp
Join us for a free Boot Camp in the pool!
This class will involve exercises in the water and on land such as swimming laps, treading water, push ups, squats, ab workouts, exercises using medicine balls and much more!
Runs every Monday and Wednesday 7:00-7:45pm. This will be ongoing and best of all, it's FREE!
Anyone who enjoys the pool and is looking for a high intensity water workout. Goggles are recommended.
Community Pool
No signs up required, just meet at the pool.
Please contact Kasey Elliott at email@example.com or 336.996.2231
YMCA Training Volunteer Reading Tutors
Could you spend 3 hours each week helping an ADULT improve reading skills?
Training sessions: coming soon
We will provide you with 10 hours of training, materials, and on-going support you as you meet twice each week with a learner. We assess all learners and match you with someone whose schedule and logistical preferences match yours. After you are matched you can meet at a YMCA, public library, or any other public location.
Our learners vary from 2nd grade – 9th grade reading levels. Many are working on specific goals like filling out job applications, working for a promotion at work, or learning to help children or grandchildren with homework. Most of our learners are in their 40s and 50s.
Please contact Julie Weber at 336.727.9850 or email@example.com or click here to fill out our tutor interest form.
Bible Studies
Volunteer-led Bible Study
Looking for inspiration? Craving more spiritual fulfillment in your life? Join us for volunteer-led weekly Bible Studies.
For more information on days and times, please contact Rosemary Suess, Executive Vice President, at 336.996.2231 x6405 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Reynolda Church Bible Study
Are you in your 20s or 30s and looking to connect more to God and others? Starting February 12, Reynolda Church will be offering a Community Group for you at the Kernersville Family YMCA monthly on the second and fourth Thursdays from 6:30-8:00 pm. The Community Group will focus on fellowship, prayer, and Bible study.
For more information contact Barrett Johnson at firstname.lastname@example.com or go to reynoldachurch.org.
Healthy Kids Day
Healthy Kids Day is open to all kids and families and filled with fun, active play and educational opportunities. Activities will include inflatables, clinics, music, games, face painting, food, physical agility challenge (from our local fire department) and an obstacle course that ends with a Polar Plunge and so much more! We will have Cornerstone Health, Forsyth County Health Department and other business and agencies on hand to distribute information on how families can lead a healthy lifestyle. Join us on Saturday, April 25, 10:00am-1:00pm. Rain or Shine. The first 25 kids to attend will receive a Healthy Kids Day cinch bag. Click here to read more about our Keynote Speaker, Keith Hunter.
Below is a schedule of events:
10:15-10:45am-K9 Demo
11:00-11:30am-K'Vegas Skate Shop skateboard demo
11:45am-12:00pm- Former professional football player from the Cleveland Browns, Keith Hunter, and East Forsyth High School football dance performance
12:00-12:30pm- Kid Tricity Performance
12:30-1:00pm- Polar plunge (participants bring swim suit)
Healthy Active Adults Day
Get up, get out, and get active!
Join us for the 12th Annual Healthy Active Adults Celebration at the Kernersville Family YMCA, hosted by the Kernersville Chamber of Commerce and the Y. Get information regarding your health and how to plan for the future, and enjoy all the event has to offer! Open to the community.
Monday, April 13
8:30am – 1pm
8:30am: Coffee at the Cross
9:00am-1:00pm: Product and service exhibits, entertainment and more, including:
- Free health screenings
- Food samples
- Learn about Nutrition and Diabetes
- Door prizes and freebies
- Pickleball
- Seminars on Falls and Balance, Advanced Care Planning, Trusts and Wills
- Medication review and safe disposal (bring your medication in a bag)
Se habla espanol!
Upcoming Training for Volunteer ESL Tutors
Do you love to learn and help others learn? Do you have 3 hours a week to volunteer? Help an adult learn English as a second language!
We provide training, materials, and on-going support. We will match you with a learner whose schedule fits yours – and you can meet at one of our tutoring rooms (Robinhood Road Family YMCA, Fulton Family YMCA, Winston Lake Family YMCA, William G. White, Jr. Family YMCA) or at a public library. Volunteers meet 3 hours each week with a learner. No Spanish necessary! We have learners from over 20 countries, including China, Korea, Burma, Vietnam, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador…some are just beginners and some have studied English for years and just need help with conversation and pronunciation.
More training sessions to be announced.
More information at www.ymcanwnc.org/literacy/
Questions? Please contact Julie Weber at 336.727.9850 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Share Your Thoughts
Now Accepting YMCA Secret Shoppers
We value you as a member and always welcome your feedback. Become a YMCA Secret Shopper to evaluate our facilities and help us continue to improve as an organization so we can deliver the very best member service possible.
If you're interested in participating, please contact the Welcome Center for more information or apply at strategicreflections.com. You'll work directly with Strategic Reflections, Inc., an independent customer research firm, to conduct "mystery shops" and receive compensation for evaluating the quality of your member experience at a YMCA branch in your area.
See the membership desk with any questions.


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Russia has never been terribly good at handling dissidents, although its propaganda machine manages to do a fairly creative job. Thus, it unwittingly ends up handing over a whip handle to its enemies. What many of us suspected all along happens to be true, after all — Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago turned out to be for the CIA a 'strategic asset' to besmirch the Bolshevik Revolution and to undermine the morale of the Soviet citizen.
Where Russia can learn from China
I invariably wondered during my innumerable weekend trips to Peredelkino as to why Moscow was so patently foolish as to fear that the Soviet system was so fragile to be undermined by the tear-jerking love story of Lara's.
The heavens wouldn't have come down by acknowledging the plain truth that the Bolshevik Revolution had its fair share of aberrations or that its anatomy, like any revolution's, included Komarovksys (played by Rod Steiger in the David Lean film).
Wasn't it Vladimir Lenin who once said, you cannot make a revolution with white gloves, you cannot make an omlette without breaking a few eggs?
Now, it transpires that Russia may not be good at handling its adversary's dissidents, either. Frankly, I thought the recent question the ex-CIA whistleblower Edward Snowden posed to President Vladimir Putin during a live TV interview was a 'softball question' — Do you spy?
Certainly, the strange exchange cast the Kremlin leader as a frank, witty, self-critical statesman. I even wondered whether Putin really needed a whitewash when he is doing extraordinarily well with a soaring popularity rating above 80 percent.
But one can go very wrong when it comes to Russia. It appears that the exchange wasn't contrived. Put simply, Snowden hoped to put Putin on the mat and thought he was asking a genuinely tough question.
Putin of course is a Black Belt and Snowden fell flat instead. The impression became avoidable that Snowden behaved like a doormat asking a question that enabled Putin to pour some more scorn at US president Barack Obama.
It rankled. However, Snowden is not to be underestimated, either. He shot off a commentary in the Guardian newspaper where he just stopped short of criticising his hosts in Moscow. He turned a 'hostile' witness, to use the language of the court room.
How Russia handles Snowden henceforth will be an acid test of its 'post-Soviet' sophistication in handling dissent. Snowden claims he is earnest about inspiring a body of opinion within Russia challenging that country's surveillance system.
Surely, this promises to become a high stakes game. There is every sign that the ex-CIA whistleblower is getting restive and is not liking what he sees around him.
This was bound to happen at some point. While reveling in the scandals that Snowden's seamless disclosures provided — and, of course, the bruises on America's reputation abroad — Moscow blithely overlooked that the young man is quintessentially a human rights activist and an idealist, and, therefore, a double-edged sword for the 'hard state'.
It could have been easily foretold that some day Snowden would begin to reflect on the human condition in his new environs. China's wise leadership could anticipate this happening and, therefore, Snowden was encouraged to leave Hong Kong unceremoniously. But, alas, Russia couldn't — or, wouldn't. From this point, the Snowden affair becomes a morality play.
Posted in Diplomacy, Politics.
– April 21, 2014
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2012 Research Retreat poster viewing
By Kirstin On · Add Comment · In
|I earned my BA in Biology from Middlebury College in 2008. After which I taught English to French high school students near Paris, France. I went on to earn a masters degree from Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1. I joined CMB 2010 and am interested in the celluar biology of viral infections.
| Benjamin R. King


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I am developing an application which can upload Media files ( Audio, Video, Image) to the server. I found out a way by using PHP server code we ware able to get the image in server and store it. I like to know what is the better way to upload a image to a server( SOAP or REST or using PHP). Please help me as soon as possible.
Thank you
Regards, Dilip Rajkumar.