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Peer calls on government to give 5 per cent of Northern Rock Asset Management sale to charity
1 Apr 2015
Liberal Democrat peer Lord Shipley has called on the government to donate 5 per cent of the profit of...
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Only 43 per cent of the public surveyed by nfpSynergy think that they have heard of the Charity Commission, the research consultancy has revealed.
In November 2011, nfpSynergy asked a nationally representative sample of 1,012 adults in Britain aged 16 and over questions about their awareness of the Commission. Results were compiled in Charity Awareness Monitor Results Sector Intelligence Wave 6 of 6.
Participants were asked to gauge how aware – on a scale from 'definitely' to 'definitely not' – they were about the Commission with regards to its work, its regulation methods, and its work in general.
Less than a third (30 per cent) of the public said they were "definitely aware" of the Charity Commission, while 13 per cent said they were "probably aware". Only a quarter (25 per cent) were "definitely aware" that the Charity Commission regulates and monitors the activities of charities.
The public sees the Commission's prime functions as keeping a charity register and investigating fraudulent/bogus charities, but those surveyed were less aware of the Charity Commission and what it does now than seven years ago.
"Awareness of the Charity Commission is surely a vital ingredient of building public trust in charities," said nfpSynergy's Joe Saxton. "If people aren't aware of the charity regulator, it's hard to see how they can be reassured by the regulation it does. It's in every charity's interest that the public knows about the Charity Commission and its work. This research shows we have a long way to go to achieve that goal."
Speaking to civilsociety.co.uk Saxton added: "Very little that the Commission does would create profile. No shops, no fundraising campaigns, no PR campaigns.
"But it can't act alone. Every charity should be making it clear that it is regulated by the Commission: on every email, letter and website – in large letters.
"The Commission really needs to cajole and do more to co-ordinate charities. The public likes to know that somebody is regulating charities – it's their insurance policy against fraud and waste."
Reacting to the survey, a spokeswoman at the Charity Commission pointed out that the regulator already measures public awareness of the Commission in its bi-annual public trust and confidence survey.
"Public trust and confidence in charities is directly linked to awareness of the regulator, as we have previously shown in our own research," said the spokeswoman. "Whilst we obviously work to raise our profile within our resources, it is most definitely in the interests of the charity sector itself to emphasise that they are regulated and who the regulator is.
"The sector plays an integral role in maintaining and increasing trust in charities, by filing accounts on time and by working within the charity law framework."
She added that page 38 of their latest analysis (2010) shows that public awareness has remained steady since the last survey in 2008, at 53 per cent, and that the Commission is about to start its next bi-annual public trust and confidence survey.
Simon Merry
Trust and Confidence by design
10 May 2012
An independent view of trust and confidence in this sector is valuable, however, the primary test is actual trust and confidence in charities rather than awareness of the watchdog! The effect of the mere presence of a regulatory body is a 'double edged sword' - it may provide reassurance but it also illustrates that charities can't manage themselves - so - I suspect that the simple presence of a watchdog is likely to have a neutral influence on public trust and confidence. It is what it does that is important. I am a little concerned about the scale utilised to gather the public view in this survey and I have some doubts about the findings, however, my primary concern is the impression given that promoting a regulatory body is more important than actually demonstrating trustworthiness.
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nfpSynergy pays staff to 'volunteer' by watching the World Cup
Next Charity Commission chair to work only two days a week
Commission to start spot checks on accounts of big charities too
1 Apr 2015
Liberal Democrat peer Lord Shipley has called on the government to donate 5 per cent of the profit of...
1 Apr 2015
The average amount of time it takes the top 100 largest charities in the UK file their accounts with the...
31 Mar 2015
The Museum of London has revealed plans to relocate to Smithfield General Market from its current home...
31 Mar 2015
A London-based homelessness charity has launched an app that uses geolocation technology to let people...
31 Mar 2015
The Charity Tax Group and the Direct Marketing Association have jointly called on the government to again...
30 Mar 2015
Save the Children and health and hygiene company RB have launched a programme as part of their ongoing...
31 Mar 2015
A London-based homelessness charity has launched an app that uses geolocation technology to let people...
18 Mar 2015
People who share a fundraising page on social media are four times more likely to donate than those who...
11 Mar 2015
Samaritans has confirmed that it has permanently closed its app that was designed to monitor people's...
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Both NY1 and Times Ledger have reported on a brand new neighborhood group for the Forest Hills, Rego Park and Kew Gardens area. The group, called "Forest Hills, Rego Park, Kew Gardens – Our Communities" hopes to bring residents of the three neighborhoods together to promote area events, historic and cultural preservation, and local businesses. The group started its Facebook page on January 24th and 500 people joined after only four days. Now, there are over 1,000 members.
The first official meeting was last week, and the group plans to hold meetings monthly. Facebook posts range from doctor recommendations in the area to upcoming community board events to the group's memories of the older days of Rego Park, Forest Hills and Kew Gardens.
Photo by Michael Perlman via Facebook

subset: commoncrawl


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Life guard on catnap break.
Design ID: 1000609737
Nah Rosa Parks Quote T-Shirts Designed by The Shirt Yurt
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Is it recommendable to use C++/CLI as main language for a new .Net application? The application won't use native code (pure CLI). The reason for this question is, that I want to use the framwork but not leaning a new language like C# or VB.
You would be learning a new language anyway, managed C++ is nothing like C++. I would just go with C#, it's as close to C++ as managed C++ is, only it's a lot less verbose and has a ton more features (auto implemented properties, auto implemented iterators, lambda expressions etc).
C++/CLI is designed for interop scenarios.
It is strongly recommended that you use C# for new development; it will be much simpler.
You should not be afraid of learning a new language. Most of C#'s learning curve is for .Net itself; using C++/CLI won't save you much learning.
It is not. Microsoft stopped development on the language, it is in maintenance mode. None of the innovations made in C# and VB.NET since 2005 were added to the language, Linq and dynamic dispatch being the heavy ones. While IDE support was already weak, VS2010 shipped without IntelliSense support for the language, another nail in the coffin.
It is going to be maintained, the language is still core to parts of the .NET framework. Notably System.Data and WPF heavily rely on it. And it is still the primary choice for difficult native interop. But with the lack of support in the IDE, it just isn't suitable as a first-choice language. Rather a problem for programmers that get their start with the Express edition of C++ btw, there is no other decent GUI programming solution in that SKU.


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Featured News
NSF DDRI grant awarded to ICON student
The National Science Foundation's Geography and Spatial Sciences Program recently awarded a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement (DDRI) grant to ICON & Geography student, Dean Hardy, for his proposal titled, "Doctoral Dissertation Research: Mapping Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities to Coastal Hazards." His research … More ›
ICON's Karen Allen examines trade-offs in nature tourism
Congratulations to ICON & Anthropology PhD candidate Karen Allen on her recent publication, "Trade-offs in nature tourism: contrasting parcel-level decisions with landscape conservation planning" in the journal Ecology and Society. Allen's work suggests that nature tourism has supported forest regrowth in Monteverde, … More ›
Student, Ryan Unks, publishes in Castanea
Congratulations to ICON & Forestry and Natural Resources student Ryan Unks and colleagues on publication of their article, titled "Environmental Controls of Reproduction and Early Growth of Lindera melissifolia (Lauraceae)" in Castanea. Access the abstract online here. Ryan R. Unks, Theodore H. Shear, Alexander … More ›
Where do ICON students work?
The ICON Program's graduate students conduct research and have internships in many places around the world. These places range from the coast of Georgia and the plains of Kenya to the forests of Indonesia. Visit our interactive map and learn … More ›
Announcing Inaugural ICON Student Awards
The Integrative Conservation (ICON) PhD Program is pleased to announce two new awards for students in the ICON PhD Program: J. Peter Brosius Integrative Conservation Research Award This award is named after the founding Director of the Integrative Conservation (ICON) … More ›
ICON student's paper chosen for AAG Kasperson Award
"Racialized understandings of vulnerability to sea-level rise: Early dispatches from the field" written by Dean Hardy, ICON & Geography student, was selected to be featured during a Hazards, Risks, and Disasters Specialty Group special session at the 2015 Association of American Geographers conference … More ›
Don't Worry About an Ebola Outbreak in the U.S.
ICON & Geography student, Caitlin Mertzlufft, tells local Athenians not to worry about an Ebola Outbreak in the U.S. via an article in the local newspaper, Flagpole Magazine. "Don't worry about Ebola in the U.S. You're almost definitely not going … More ›
ICON's Brian Crawford interviewed by The Red & Black
ICON & Forestry and Natural Resources student Brian Crawford and his advisor, Dr. John Maerz, comment on a new collaboration between UGA and the Orianne Society, and conservation partnerships in general, in a recent article in The Red & Black. Click … More ›
Student, Walker DePuy, publishes in EcoHealth on Q fever in Kenya
Congratulations to ICON & Anthropology student, Walker DePuy, and his colleagues for recently publishing an article in EcoHealth on Q fever in livestock in Kenya. Using an integrative approach, the authors found differences in awareness of the infectious disease between … More ›


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- License: Freeware
Sex Story List:
'A' My Name is Alice
Sister Sucks Sleeping Sibling
A Mother and Her Son
"Ohhh...Mommy," I Groaned
My Virgin Sister
Mom Takes A Ride
"Daddy?" I Whispered
Daddy's Slut Girl Ch. 02
A Brother & Sister Ch. 01-06
A Hot Little Sister for Christmas
Fucked My Mom
A Baffling Shower
Words on Skin
Sitting on My Son's Lap
After School Special
A 'Cute' Mom
Nothing Between Us
Katie's Massage
The Red Miniskirt
Sara's Car Trip
King Size Bed
A 'Not So Normal' Family
Making Out With Mom
Not So Innocent Anymore
The Journey Pt.
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: Jill Dailey
- Date:
- Size: 1945 KB
- Incredible Adventures of My Mom
- License: Shareware
Clean up the streets on behalf of your detective son with Incredible Adventures of My Mom, a lighthearted romp through Italy's underworld.
Sammy is all grown up but he's still a little treasure in the eyes of his mom. When she hears that Sammy is the new head detective in charge of finding the kidnapped police chief in Italy, and that the Italian Mafia is behind it, she rushes to look after her son. Little does she know that she's about to stumble onto a case that will put her in danger, as well as test the limits of what one mom should do for her son.
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: GameHouse
- Date:
- Size: 1218 KB
- Hi-Tech Mom Family Storybook
- License: Freeware
Busy, Multi-Tasking Moms will Adore this Modern Story of Balancing Work & Family! Meet a Hi-Tech Mom and her Son who Fantasizes about Different Jobs for his Mom. Amazing Graphics and Interactive Elements Bring this Clever Story to Life! The perfect interactive book for Mother's Day!
Crazed, multi-tasking, working moms who desperately juggle the challenges of work, life and family, this story app, Busy Mommy, Hi-Tech Mom - An Original Interactive Educational Family Storybook, is for you and your kids! Are you rushing to get your child to school on time? Do you sometimes not make it home for bedtime? Are you tethered to technology finding it hard to pull away at home? Do you have days when you just dona*t feel like a good mommy? We get it! This story is for you!
This original story of a hi-tech mother who works day and night will...
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: TabTale
- Date:
- Size: 27648 KB
- Unique Gift Maker
- License: Shareware
Have you got ready any gift baskets, greeting card for Valentine's day, Christmas, Birthday of your friend or any special occasion? If you want to make gift baskets which could be remembered forever, try UniqueGift Maker. UniqueGiftMaker will help you to make your greetings, questions or anything you want to say in the form of a flash e-gift. You can use UniqueGiftMaker to create E greeting card for your friend, E workout for your son, E Love Letter for your sweetheart, E Photo Album for your wife, E Recipe for your mom, e Fun Story for your child, e Questionnaire for your customer and e SlideShow for your work.
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: GozTun.com
- Date: 10-06-2006
- Size: 5236 KB
- Son of Snoop on Steroids
- License: Freeware
Son of Snoop on Steroids (SOSOS) was designed to be a computer hardware and software inventory program. It gathers over 220 pieces of information about computers and optionally stores this information in a database. It can be run locally or can be used by an administrator to scan a network.
It gathers hardware information such as CPU, memory, hard drives, video cards, and serial numbers; software information such as operating system, installed software, and software components; configuration information such as network configuration, IP address, running processes, desktop settings, and services; and security-related information such as shared resources, modems, account policies, security patches, and virus activity.
- Platform: Windows,Os2
- Publisher: Emmet Gray
- Date:
- Size: 1433 KB
- Mom Knows Best
- License: Shareware
Mom Knows Best is an easy way to restrict and monitor usage of your computer. Our logging features, keyword triggers and our manual white/black lists make Mom Knows Best a great solution for home or small business use. See whats being typed into any program, when its typed and by the user that typed it. Use keyword triggers to restrict a broad range of web sites quickly. Or restrict by domain and file rules. Ability to set time windows for user defined Web sites, set program time frames on when they may be run, password-protect system and control panel applets.
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: Ion-I
- Date: 02-01-2006
- Size: 2643 KB
- Son of Service
- License: Freeware
Son of Service (SOS) is a multiuser volunteer management database for non-profits. Useful for keeping track of work history, comments, reminders, skills, availability, and relationships, SOS requires PHP, a RDBMS, and a HTML 4.0 browser..
- Platform: Linux, Mac, Windows
- Publisher: sos.sourceforge.net
- Date: 12-07-2012
- Size: 634 KB
- Son of Exodus
- License: Freeware
Son of Exodus inspects the security of web applications. Review all browser requests and webserver responses. Special functionality is the AutoFuzzer, that replaces every url or cookie parameter with some unexpected value and analyzes the response.
Son of Exodus License - GNU General Public License (GPL).
- Platform: Windows,Os2
- Publisher: Sonofexodus
- Date:
- MOM.Wolf
- License: Freeware
A light-weight MOM (Message Oriented Middleware) platform written for deployment to a standard J2EE servlet container.
MOM.Wolf License - GNU Library or Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
- Platform: Windows,Os2
- Publisher: Momwolf
- Date:
- EventSim
- License: Shareware
EventSim is a tool used to replay standard Windows 2000 event logs back into the Windows 2000 event logs at different rates to test the event rules in MOM management packs.
Get EventSim and try it for yourself to see what it's all about!
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: Microsoft
- Date:
- Snatcher and Son
- License: Shareware
Snatcher and Son is a simple downloading suite for Windows consisting of two applications. The first, Snatcher, renders websites in a tree view and allows you to expand hyperlinks as deeply as you want, spanning as many websites or ftp sites as necessary. The other, affectionately known as "Snatcher's Son", is an Internet Explorer plug-in that shows you all dependencies on a web page and lets you download them with just a couple of clicks..
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: derwanderer.net
- Date:
- Size: 1146 KB
- Super Mom
- License: Freeware
One baby is not enough! You have gotta handle twins in this great baby care game! Use the correct items in order to carry out the tasks. Refer to the hints in the game. Do it all before the time runs out and become a Super Mom!.
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: CC2 Media
- Date:
- Size: 2252 KB
- Pregnancy, Mom & Baby Forums
- License: Freeware
Bellyhood.com's Mom, Pregnancy & Baby Forums Are Now On Android
Forums Include:
Pregnancy, Trying to concieve, Pregnancy Week By Week, First Trimester, Second Trimester, Third Trimester,
IVF, Labour And Childbirth, Miscarriage, Postpartum Depression, Infertility Problems, Teen Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Toddlers & Pre-School, Maternity Wear, Unintended Pregnancy, Adoption, Obstetricians, Doulas, Midwives, Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC), Caesarean Section, Homebirth TTC Over 35 and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: Bellyhood
- Date:
- Size: 4198 KB
- Mom 2 Be Pregnancy Tracker
- License: Freeware
Mom 2 Be FREE is a tool that enables mothers, fathers, family and friends to track the progress of a woman's pregnancy.
* Journal/Diary
* Weekly tips
* Desktop Widget
* Daily growth statistics
* Share with family/friends
* Save 10-75% on prescriptions for the whole family
If you like this app, please rate it and provide feedback so we can improve it. We listen.
KEYWORDS: pregnancy, conception, fetal, growth, ultrasound, contraction, labor, midwife, nurse, doctor, prenatal, period, ovulation, menstrual, cycle, pregnant, mother, mom, father, dad, family, tracker, ticker.
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: InstanceOne
- Date:
- Size: 98 KB
- Mom's Shopping List
- License: Freeware
ADC2 Finalists!
Mom's Shopping List is the easiest and fastest application to create your shopping list.
If you're looking for an application with lots of options, settings, price comparisions, exchange rates and so on...
then Mom's Shopping List is NOT for you!!
New updates are coming soon!!.
- Platform: Android, Windows
- Publisher: FA©lix LA?pez LuAÂs
- Date:
- Size: 1843 KB
- Sanford and Son
- License: Freeware
Listen to all the classic sound bites from the 70's classic TV sitcom Sanford and Son.
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: Stanley D. Chatman
- Date:
- Size: 8192 KB
- Son Depremler
- License: Freeware
Note: This application is targeted only for Turkish language.
* Location data and services are used in "raporla" and "yakindakiler", if you don't want to share you can disable this setting.
"Son Depremler" application is a location based EarthQuake data visualization tool for the latest EarthQuakes which occured in Turkey.
Application lists earthquakes with detailed information and displays earthquakes on the map by user location, latest eathquakes in 24 Hours, latest eathquakes in last week and latest eathquakes in last month.
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: ikivanc
- Date:
- Size: 1024 KB
- AFXForm Versión en Español
- License: Shareware
AFXFORM le permite llenar desde la pantalla de la PC múltiples formularios preimpresos, que luego son completados por la impresora. Desde el monitor trabaja con una grilla milimétrica que visualiza el formulario, o si quiere escanea el documento y escribe sobre él. Evita la tarea de llenar manualmente múltiples papeles. Los cálculos para acertarle a las líneas de un formulario colocado en la impresora son historia. AFXforms hace esto y mucho más..
- Platform: Windows,Os2
- Publisher: FXIT
- Date: 03-05-2003
- Size: 5918 KB
- Ghost Forest - an audiobook excerpt
- License: Freeware
Audiobook excerpt. Anne (Red) lives happily with her Mom somewhere at the end of town ... until, quite of a sudden, she gets into the mysterious, magic Ghost Forest. Looking for the way back home, she is forced to get through many difficult situations, to fight dangerous opponents and, what is most important, to learn how to make real friends. While she is struggling to overcome the fantastic and dangerous obstacles she is constantly confronted with, she slowly starts realizing that everything in this magic world depends on the answer to one single question:Who are the ghosts .
- Platform: Windows
- Publisher: Enev Design & Consulting
- Date: 22-11-2004
- Size: 3192 KB
- Templum de Malum
- License: Demo
It is the year 1775, and a young man named Philip is the son of a British Knight. Philip chooses to explore new worlds and uncharted territory. Philipâs father, Sir Harold, used to protest to Philipâs expeditions, but the war with the American Colonials has became Sir Haroldâs chief concern. Sir Harold sent his most trusted personal assistant, Brimley, to accompany Philip. Philip decided to launch an expedition to a group of islands south of the Middle East. Determined to find this group of islands, Philip made some unwise navigation decisions that led to the majority of the crew being killed or lost and Philip and Brimley getting away barely in a life boat.
- Platform: Windows,Os2
- Publisher: MP-Shareware
- Date: 30-05-2006
- Size: 8570 KB


text:
Soul Electronics Coupons & Promo Codes
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Celtic Feis
New York-New York Hotel & Casino will celebrate Celtic Feis, a traditional Gaelic arts and cultural festival, inside Nine Fine Irishmen and on the Brooklyn Bridge Friday-Sunday. The St. Patrick's Day Celtic Feis Parade, featuring bagpipers from Desert Sky Pipe Band and firefighters from around the country, will commence Friday, March 15 at 7 p.m. inside the casino. The festival will continue inside Nine Fine Irishmen with live entertainment and a special menu of authentic Irish fare including fried sausages, shepherd's pie, corned beef sandwich, fish and chips and drunken onion rings.
Throughout the holiday weekend, guests may enjoy entertainment by Patrick Seiben, Sin É Rí - Ra, Limey Barstewarts, Joshua Tree and Michael Bowman. Tickets to the St. Patrick's Day festival are $25 daily and include admission to the day's events and one complimentary drink. All guests 21 years of age or older wearing a kilt on St. Patty's Day will receive complimentary admission to Celtic Feis and The Bar at Times Square.
When: Friday, March 15, 2013
Where: New York-New York Hotel & Casino, 3790 Las Vegas Boulevard S., Las Vegas
Cost: Free - $25
Age limit: 21+
Categories: Concert, St. Patrick's Day, The Strip, New York New York
Event posted March 12, 2013
Last updated March 12, 2013
Join the Discussion:
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Editor's Picks
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- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health


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MDGs and Donor Behaviour Simon Scott, OECD International Conference on MDG Statistics, Manila, October 2011 What would we expect if MDGs had made a difference? Overall increase in aid Shifts towards social sectors (especially health) Adoption of MDGs as targets Demand for MDG-related indicators Overall increase in aid 140 120 100 Constant 2009 USD billion 80 1970: UN ODA/GNI target agreed 60 1996: Shaping the 21st Century Strategy 2000: Millennium Development Goals 40 2002: Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development 20 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Note: Total ODA excludes exceptional debt relief to Iraq and Nigeria in 2005-06. Shift towards social sectors Adoption of MDGs as targets and demand for MDG indicators UK, Netherlands and Denmark produce MDG reports (heyday early 2000s) DAC tried a "sector approach" to measuring aid to MDGs (2002-3) Slower growth of interest in USA, Japan, Australia Demand for indicators: IAEG, MDG reports, Global Monitoring Report etc. MDG 1: A special case Halve the share of very poor people in developing countries Not from a UN conference More "growth focused" than other MDGs, though still social MDG 1 results Will be achieved, unlike other MDGs Mostly not thanks to aid Food security element neglected until 2008 food security crisis and 2009 L'Aquila G8 The "sectoral" MDGs - key donor responses MDG2 - budget support to allow abolition of school fees MDG3 - gender mainstreaming reversed - Danish torch campaign, Dutch MDG3 Fund MDG4 - GAVI and rise of MNCH - Canada most recently in lead MDG5 - Muffled reaction: MMR reduction target unrealistic; data controversies The "cross-cutting" MDGs MDG6 - Health spending skewed to AIDS; use of vertical funds (GFATM, PEPFAR); progress on malaria hobbled by DDT controversy; tuberculosis only now taking off MDG7 - Environment spending skewed to climate change, with niche funding of other issues - e.g. Switzerland on forestry, New Zealand on fisheries. Water management still broadly supported. Conclusions MDGs have been a major mobilising force for aid donors Overall, MDGs a positive influence, though lobbying and special interests still present Can't judge MDGs' impact only from 2000: UN conferences in 1990s set agenda Thank you For more information www.oecd.org/dac
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Mobile Site You Are Here > HR Home > Coaches > Alex Delvecchio
News: s-r blog:Situational Rate Stats on Hockey-Reference.com
Height: 6-0 Weight: 195 lbs.
Born: December 4, 1932 in Fort William, Ontario
Inducted into Hockey Hall of Fame as Player in 1977
Playing Record
Other SR Links: Hockey-Reference.com (main site)
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Stop by if you'd like advice on spiritual matters :-)


text: Search results Listings are for East Coast. For local listings, Enter zip code or Sign in Go Display: All Results TV Shows Movies Actors Directors Only show HD Only show new episodes We found the following shows with actor/director: "Jeff Renfroe" in the next 14 days. He Loves Me (2011) Thu 4/2 8:00 AM 6 LMN (Cbl) 2 hours TV-14 A woman becomes increasingly paranoid and delusional after learning about her husband's infidelity. View in TV Listings 1-Click Record Record with options The Colony (2013) Fri 4/3 2:30 PM 154 ENCRA (Cbl) 1 hour, 40 minutes TV-MA Forced to live underground, survivors of an ice age embark on a mission to reach another outpost. View in TV Listings 1-Click Record Record with options


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Foster carers are allowed one spare bedroom for the purpose of fostering in both the private and social sector housing. For foster carers living in the socialrented sector, the impact of the changes will be reduced and, in many caseswhere the only spare room is used for fostering there will be no reduction inhousing benefit at all.
Size criteria rules will, however, continue to apply across both the private andsocial rented sectors if foster carers have more than one spare room allocatedto foster children. In addition, prospective adopters or special guardians whohave a spare room available for a child that has not yet arrived may beimpacted by this measure until the child moves in. This will also apply to thosewho are expecting a baby and have a room ready for when the baby arrives.
Government have asked local authorities to treat people in these circumstances as apriority group when considering claims to the Discretionary Housing Paymentfund.
frequently asked questions issued by the Department for Work and Pensions.
The rules affect the calculation of Housing Benefit for social housing tenants in England, Wales and Scotland (similar rules in Northern Ireland depend on legislation currently under consideration).
Payments will be reduced by 14 per cent where a house is deemed to be "under-occupied" by one room and 24 per cent if under-occupied by two or more rooms.
Local authorities are allocated a budget for Discretionary Housing Payments which they can use to support households which are in difficulties in meeting their rent, but although these budgets have been significantly increased, demand is extremely high so foster carers need to apply for DHP as soon as their housing benefit is affected.
Children's Minister Edward Timpson stated in a Parliamentary answer that:"The discretionary housing payment (DHP) fund, administered by local authorities, will be increased by £5 million a year from April 2013. This will enable authorities to compensate foster carers whose housing benefit is subject to a restriction as a result of the size criteria measure being introduced for working age claimants living in the social rented sector.
FosterTalk members can seek advice and guidance on this matter by contacting FosterTalk's member helpline: 0844 800 3880 – option 0
FosterTalk Limited, Registered Company in England and Wales
10 The Courtyard, Buntsford Gate, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, B60 3DJ
Registered Company Number: 06318354


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Entertainment » Page 6
Jamie Dornan signs on for war drama amid 'Fifty Shades' rumors
The casting news comes just days after reports he pulled out of plans to appear in the sequels to "Fifty Shades of Grey."
Stop defacing money in honor of Leonard Nimoy
Canadian currency is getting the "Star Trek" treatment and bank officials are not happy.
Mark Cuban taking on 'Sharknado'
The Dallas Mavericks owner and star of "Shark Tank" will play the president of the U.S.
Court is still in session for 'Judge Judy'
The sharp-tongued TV judge has signed a deal to keep her on the air into 2020.
Today in entertainment history: March 3
A look at today in entertainment history.
'Focus' reigns supreme at weekend box office
Will Smith has whipped "Fifty Shades of Grey" in the box office race.
'Divergent' author working on new series
The books currently are untitled, with the first one expected in 2017.
William Shatner floods Twitter with Leonard Nimoy tributes
Shatner says Nimoy was an amazing actor, but his favorite role was that of "friend."
Bruce Lee's daughter developing new biopic
The "Enter the Dragon" star Lee died in 1973 at the age of 32.
Today in entertainment history: March 2
A look back at some of Hollywood's most memorable stories.
This weekend in entertainment history
A look at some of Hollywood's most memorable headlines.
What color is this dress?
The "great dress debate" has been dividing the Internet. Are you team #WhiteandGold or team #BlueandBlack?
PHOTOS: Leonard Nimoy through the years
Although he capped his "Star Trek" run with a notable career as both an actor and director, in the public's mind he will always be Spock.
'Star Trek' star Leonard Nimoy dead at 83
The world famous Mr. Spock has passed away.
Llama drama captivates the nation
Llama I'm coming home! Two llamas making a therapy visit to an Arizona retirement community escaped, sparking a hilarious chase caught live on TV.
Today in entertainment history: Feb. 27
A walk down Hollywood's memory lane.
We're going to keep on 'Keeping Up' with Kardashians
Reality TV's most famous family is sticking around for four more years.
Forget the Double-Down, KFC launches edible coffee cups
Kentucky Fried Chicken is testing edible coffee cups in some of its stores.
Drew Barrymore plans tell-all book of essays
The "Charlie's Angels" star will lift the lid on the details of her wild youth and Hollywood career.
Lupita Nyong'o's $150K Oscar dress missing
The stunning gown, adorned with 6,000 pearls, went missing from her Hollywood hotel room.


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I am a single mom of four beautiful children. They are my number one priority but if I find the right person to be in my life, I would find the time to spend with him. I am looking for a long term relationship hopefully to turn into marriage. I enjoy bowling, movies, going to theater, going to hockey, baseball, and soccer games.
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That I would do anything for anyone and always put others before myself.
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If you are a nice Jewish man, that is caring, honest, faithful and loves children. I have three special needs children so you must be extremely patient and understanding. Someone who is respectful to not only me, but my children as well. I want someone that would spend the Jewish holidays with my family as well as going to services with us.
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Federal health official Chiquita Brooks-Lasure said that issues agents have faced using the federal health insurance exchange will be addressed. "We are very focused on making sure agents and brokers are able to enroll consumers in coverage," Brooks-Lasure said.
View Full Article in:Washington Post (tiered subscription model), The
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EducationEconomicsFinanceRegional CooperationFinanceEconomicsFinanceRegional Cooperation, TradeTradeFinance
Learning crisis in South Asia
By Niaz Asadullah. Posted March 27, 2015
South Asia is home to a growing youth population and widely considered to benefit from the "demographic dividend" in the coming decades. The United Nations Population Fund's State of World Population 2014 report The Power of 1.8 Billion: Adolescents, Youth and the Transformation of the Future therefore calls for increased investment in youths and adolescents. Read more.
People's Republic of China: The challenge of the middle-income transition
By Paul Vandenberg and Juzhong Zhuang. Posted March 20, 2015
The Chinese economy grew by 7.4% in 2014 and is expected to expand by 7.0% this year. These are impressive growth rates for any country but lower than what has been achieved in the past. For 3 solid decades, since the beginning of market reforms in the late 1970s, the economy expanded by an annual average of almost 10%. Read more.
3 ways to serve Asia and the Pacific's 'unbanked'
By Stephen Groff. Posted March 16, 2015
Every time I stop and withdraw cash from an ATM or use my credit card to buy something online, I wonder how many people in Asia have access to such services. In fact, these simple transactions are beyond the reach of 45% of adults in East Asia and the Pacific alone. They are excluded from the formal financial system and will remain so until they open a bank account. Read more.
Potential gains from closer cooperation between South Asia and Southeast Asia
By Ganeshan Wignaraja, Peter Morgan, Michael G. Plummer and Fan Zhai. Posted March 4, 2015
South Asian and Southeast Asian economies have all embraced an outward-oriented development strategy, albeit to different degrees. The result has been an impressive increase in international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and significant productivity improvements, which in turn have contributed to important socio-economic gains. Indeed, some of these economies have delivered among the most striking economic performances in the world. Read more.
"Grexit" and yuan devaluation could put significant pressure on Asian currency pegs
By Will Hickey. Posted February 27, 2015
Already driving a housing bubble in all major Asian cities from Seoul to Jakarta, significant hot money inflows are what Hong Kong, China and Singapore seek to avoid. However, Greece's exit from the eurozone coupled with subsequent quantitative easing by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to jump-start flagging growth could quickly exacerbate this Asian dynamic. Read more.
What's behind the recent oil price drop?
By Naoyuki Yoshino and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary. Posted February 23, 2015
The price of oil has more than halved in the period of less than 5 months since September 2014. After nearly 5 years of stability, the price of a barrel of Brent crude oil in Europe fell from $117.15 on 6 September 2014, to $45.13 on 14 January 2015. Figure 1 shows the movements in the spot price of crude oil from June 2009 to February 2015, including the recent price drop. Read more.
Why do we need financial education in Asia?
By Naoyuki Yoshino, Peter Morgan and Ganeshan Wignaraja. Posted February 20, 2015
This article assesses the case for promoting financial education in Asia. It argues that the benefits of investing in financial education can be substantial. Data are limited, but indicate low financial literacy scores for selected Asian countries. As economies develop, access to financial products and services will increase, but households and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to be able to use the products and services wisely and effectively. More effective management of savings and investment can contribute to overall economic growth. Moreover, as societies age and fiscal resources become stretched, households will become increasingly responsible for their own retirement planning. Asia's evolving experience suggests that more national surveys of financial literacy are needed and that coherent, tailored national strategies for financial education are essential for success. Read more.
AEC is due—but what about institutions?
By Aladdin D. Rillo and Ganeshan Wignaraja. Posted February 17, 2015
A pressing policy question facing Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) leaders at their summit in April 2015 and beyond is whether the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) can be sustained without more effective institutions. This article explores the link between achieving the AEC agenda and institutional effectiveness. To remedy the implementation gridlock, it proposes reforms to the leadership and the technical level of ASEAN bodies, prioritization of new institutions, an effective monitoring mechanism, and an empowered ASEAN Secretariat. Read more.
Plurilateral trade agreements: an overlooked but powerful force for international trade opening for Asia?
By Matthias Helble and Ganeshan Wignaraja. Posted February 10, 2015
After over a gloomy decade of inconclusive talks, a small but important step was taken in early December 2014 to finish the Doha Round negotiations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In 2015 and beyond, actions to arrive at a Doha Round Agreement should be accompanied by embracing new plurilateral trade agreements within the WTO. This move can benefit growth and development in Asia. This article reviews the outlook for the WTO Doha Round and examines the case for plurilateral trade agreements for Asia. Read more.
The financial sector needs to be driving the green transformation
By Ulrich Volz. Posted February 3, 2015
Many Asian countries have set ambitious targets for climate change mitigation. Governments all over the region are devising green growth strategies, aiming to reconcile economic growth with low carbon emissions as well as trying to limit other forms of environmental degradation such as soil, water, and air pollution. What is needed is no less than a "green transformation" to put green growth at the heart of development (OECD 2013). To achieve such a green transformation, large investments will be needed in renewable energy generation, energy efficiency, smart transportation networks, and many other areas that will help the shift toward sustainable patterns of production and consumption. Read more.
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Wayne Coyne Does WTF
Yesterday, Marc Maron's über-popular WTF podcast ventured to Oklahoma City to hang out with Wayne Coyne. They chatted some about flying, drugs and their personal relationships with creativity. The episode was just posted online, and you can stream it here. Their part starts right at the 23-minute mark.


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P-Mation #41: A-Door-Able
Blue boy meets his lovely neighbor!4.46 / 5.00 10,250 Views
Otherworld - Quiet Luke
in da othawurld4.40 / 5.00 7,453 Views
Joe vs the Environment
In collaboration with Earth Hour 2015 and Pocoyo4.07 / 5.00 2,891 Views
love the voices tho
I was pretty sure I'd reviewed this earlier... but apparantely not. It's a really nice short, warm and simple, a song that dimples form... though at the end the overlay of melodies almost gets a bit too messy. I like how it fades in through the snow, to the warmth, and back out, just a glimpse of life in the cold winter. Nice work!
I mean, this is completely fine. It's not a bad music video, but it's not really something I'd expect to find in the current top 10 list.
Animation and style is fairly simple, the song is completely fine for something you'd call a "practice drill", but I'd be much more interested in hearing it after it's refined a bit more, properly recorded and mixed. This is also fairly short, which just makes it all feel a bit rushed. You could've easily spent some more time on the movie and improved the quality greatly!
Very good, reminds me of old country music, or classical music.
That fox booty tho


text:
Offense could change for Vikes with Bevell in charge of plays
EDEN PRAIRIE (AP) -- Darrell Bevell won't reveal the changes he'll make in the post-Brad Childress era. This much is certain: the Minnesota Vikings' offense finally is Bevell's baby.
The Vikings fired Childress on Monday and replaced him on an interim basis with defensive coordinator Leslie Frazier, who will play a far smaller role than his predecessor on Bevell's side of the ball.
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The Archidamian WarPaperback New History of the Peloponnesian War
List price $28.35
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- Publisher: Cornell University Press
- Format: Paperback | 400 pages
- Dimensions: 152mm x 226mm x 33mm | 590g
- Publication date: 3 August 2006
- Publication City/Country: Ithaca
- Edition: New edition
- Edition statement: 1st New edition
- Illustrations note: 8
- Sales rank: 347,257
Product description
This book, the second volume in Donald Kagan's tetralogy about the Peloponnesian War, is a provocative and tightly argued history of the first ten years of the war. Taking a chronological approach that allows him to present at each stage the choices that were open to both sides in the conflict, Kagan focuses on political, economic, diplomatic, and military developments. He evaluates the strategies used by both sides and reconsiders the roles played by several key individuals.
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Review quote
"The temptation to acclaim Kagan's four volumes as the foremost work of history produced in North America in the twentieth century is vivid. . . . Here is an achievement that not only honors the criteria of dispassion and of unstinting scruple which mark the best of modern historicism but honors its readers. To read Kagan's 'History of the Peloponnesian War' at the present hour is to be almost unbearably tested." George Steiner, The New Yorker (reviewing the four-volume series)"
Back cover copy
This book, the second volume in Donald Kagan's tetralogy about the Peloponnesian War, is a provocative and tightly argued history of the first ten years of the war and is the first full-scale account of the Archidamian War to be written since the early years of this century.


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Listing information last updated on March 30th, 2015 at 7:10am CDT.
If you would like your home featured on one of the most powerful Real Estate websites on the Gulf Coast, go to our Seller page and submit your information so that we can contact you with a marketing proposal.
Our website is a one-stop resource for your online real estate research.Read More
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text:
A fixture is provided adjacent to a cable containing multiple twisted pairs. The fixture includes longitudinal channels for controlling the trajectory of the wire pairs after the twisted pairs have been exited the cable and have been detwisted. The fixture maintains the wire pairs in an orientation beneficial for reducing crosstalk.
1. An apparatus for use with a multi-wire cable having a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the cable having a proximal exit region adjacent to a detwisted region wherein said plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors exit said cable and are de-twisted into a plurality of pairs of singular conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a fixture having a distal region transversely adjacent and axially aligned with the multi-wire cable and inserted into the multi-wire cable;
said fixture controlling the trajectory of each singular conductor of said plurality of pairs of singular conductors through said de-twisted region.
2. The apparatus of
3. The apparatus of
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
6. The apparatus of
7. The apparatus of
8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
10. The apparats of
11. The apparatus of
12. The apparatus of
13. The apparatus of
14. An apparatus for use with a multi-wire cable having a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the cable having a proximal exit region adjacent to a detwisted region wherein said plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors exit said cable and are de-twisted into a plurality of pairs of singular conductors, the apparatus comprising:
a fixture having a distal region and a head region;
said fixture having at least a portion of said distal region transversely adjacent and axially aligned with the multi-wire cable and inserted into said proximal exit region of the multi-wire cable;
said fixture having a plurality of longitudinal channels extending from said distal region into said head region, wherein said plurality of pairs of singular conductors are disposed within corresponding longitudinal channels and wherein each singular conductor of said plurality of pairs of singular conductors in said de-twisted region are guided by said plurality of longitudinal channels such that the trajectories of each singular conductor of said plurality of pairs of singular conductors are controlled.
15. The apparatus of
16. The apparatus of
17. The apparatus of
said fixture is generally planar having a top surface and a bottom surface;
said plurality of longitudinal channels includes a first plurality of longitudinal channels disposed on the top surface and a second plurality of longitudinal channels disposed on the bottom surface.
18. The apparatus of
19. The apparatus of
20. The apparatus of
21. The apparatus of
22. The apparatus of
23. The apparatus of
24. The apparatus of
25. The apparatus of
26. The apparatus of
27. The apparatus of
28. The apparatus of
29. The apparatus of
30. The apparatus of
31. An apparatus for controlling a trajectory of each singular conductor of a plurality of pairs of singular conductors of a multi-wire cable through a de-twisted region where the conductors exit the cable, the apparatus comprising:
a fixture having a distal region transversely adjacent to and axially aligned with the cable and a head region;
the fixture having a plurality of longitudinal channels extending from the distal region to the head region, wherein each pair of the plurality of pairs of singular conductors is disposed within a corresponding longitudinal channel; and
wherein the plurality of longitudinal channel are W-shaped, having two sub-channels within each longitudinal channel such that each singular conductor of the pair of singular conductors disposed within the longitudinal channel is disposed within a corresponding sub-channel, the sub-channel controlling the trajectory of the singular conductor through the detwisted region.
This appln claims benefit of Prov. Nos. 60/106,140 filed Oct. 29, 1998 and 60/117,525 filed Jan. 28, 1999.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to high-speed data communication cables. More particularly, it relates to a high-speed data communication cable that uses a mechanical fixture to stabilize and control the physical layout of twisted pairs in the detwisted segment of the cable jacket so as to reduce crosstalk between the wire pairs.
2. Related Art
High speed data communications cables in current usage include pairs of wire twisted together forming a balanced transmission line. Such pairs of wire are referred to as twisted pairs.
One common type of conventional cable for high-speed data communications includes multiple twisted pairs within it. In each twisted pair, the wires are twisted together in a helical fashion, thus forming a balanced transmission line. Twisted pairs that are placed in close proximity, such as within a cable, may transfer electrical energy from one pair of the cable to another. Such energy transfer between pairs is undesirable and is referred to as crosstalk. Crosstalk is electromagnetic noise coupled to a twisted pair from an adjacent twisted pair, or from an adjacent cable. Telecommunications systems contain noise that interferes with the transmission of information. Crosstalk increases the interference to the information being transmitted through the twisted pair. The increased interference due to crosstalk can cause an increase in the occurrence of data transmission errors and a concomitant decrease in the data transmission rate. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and Electronics Industry Association (EIA) have defined standards for crosstalk in a data communications cable that include: TIA/EIA 568-A-2, published Aug. 14, 1998. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has also defined standards for data communications cable crosstalk, including ISO/IEC 11801 that is the international equivalent to TIA/EIA 568-A. One high performance standard for data communications cable is ISO/IEC 11801, Category 5.
Crosstalk is primarily capacitively coupled or inductively coupled energy passing between adjacent twisted pairs within a cable. Among the factors that determine the amount of crosstalk energy coupled between the wires in adjacent twisted pairs, the center-to-center distance between the wires in the adjacent twisted pairs is very important. The center-to-center distance is defined herein to be the distance between the center of one wire of a twisted pair to the center of another wire in an adjacent twisted pair. The magnitude of both capacitively coupled and inductively coupled crosstalk is inversely proportional to the center-to-center distance between wires. Increasing the distance between twisted pairs can thus reduce the level of crosstalk interference. Another factor relating to the level of crosstalk is the distance over which the wires run parallel to one another. Twisted pairs that have longer parallel runs typically have higher levels of crosstalk occurring between them.
In twisted pairs, the rate of the twist is known as the twist lay, and it is the distance between adjacent twists of the wire. The direction of the twist of a twisted pair is known as the twist direction. Adjacent twisted pairs having the same twist lay and/or opposing twist directions tend to lie more closely together within a cable than if they have different twist lays and/or same twist directions. Thus, compared to twisted pairs having different twist lays and/or same twist directions, adjacent twisted pairs having the same twist lay and opposing directions have a reduced center-to-center distance, and longer parallel run. Therefore, the level of crosstalk energy coupled between the wires in adjacent twisted pairs tends to be higher between twisted pairs that have the same twist lay and/or opposing directions as compared to other twisted pairs that have different twist lays and/or same twist directions. Thus, the unique twist lay serves to decrease the level of crosstalk between the adjacent twisted pairs within the cable. Therefore, twisted pairs within a cable are sometimes given unique twist lays when compared to other adjacent twisted pairs within the cable.
As the continuous twisted or helical structure reaches a termination point, for example as the cable is terminated to be joined to a connector, the helical structures of the individual twisted pairs are deformed to mate with contacts in the terminating hardware creating a detwisted region within the cable. The actual angle of arrival of the helix of the individual twisted pairs in relation to the mating hardware depends on where the cable is cut within its length. Therefore, the amount of deformation required to align the conductors of the wire pair with the connection points can vary from twisted pair to twisted pair within a cable. The random nature of the deformation of the helical structure creates undesirable inter-pair coupling variations from one connector to the next. Therefore, although the unique twist lay and twist direction can reduce the level of crosstalk within the cable, the de-twisting action produces a level of crosstalk that tends to be random.
In an attempt to reach cross-manufacturer compatibility, EIA/TIA mandates a known coupling level in category 5 mating hardware. Mating hardware is designed, via counter-coupling, to compensate for the mandated coupling level in order to establish a predetermined level of coupling in a data communications link over a category 5 cable. The variability in the inter-pair coupling encountered from one plug to the next serves to limit the effectiveness of the counter-coupling compensation.
This specified, standard level of coupling within the mating hardware is provided so that overall the system can have a level of crosstalk that ensures that the particular transmission standard is properly met. Although it is possible to reduce the actual amount of coupling in the mating hardware to improve overall performance, this is not desirable in order to be in compliance with the appropriate standards and reverse compatibility reasons as well. What is preferable is a constant, repeatable and known level of crosstalk. If a category 5 plug is connected to a superior performance jack, it is expected that the plug and jack will be able to meet category 5 coupling specifications. This means that the jack/plug must be able to counter-couple for the level of coupling specified for a category 5 plug/jack. In addition, if two superior performance connectors are used, it is reasonable to expect that the superior performance mating hardware is able to counter-couple for the level of coupling specified for the superior performance hardware.
It is desirable for the crosstalk occurring in the region adjacent to where the twisted pairs have exited from the cable be of a known, consistent, repeatable, and standard value in order to mate with the connecting hardware. At least part of the region is herein referred to as the �detwisted� portion of the cable. Various conventional methods have been used in an attempt to improve the consistency of counter-coupling within the cable and jack or plug. For example, the use of shielded connectors, lead frames, and complex electronic counter-coupling have been used. However, these methods often increase the time required for installation, may require special tools, and can increase the material cost due to a larger parts count. This may lead to market acceptance problems due to the increased costs associated with the special tooling and the additional training required.
The EIA/TIA has mandated the values of the terminated open circuit crosstalk (TOC) which is assumed to represent the electrostatic component of the crosstalk. The TIA/EIA but has not yet mandated the values for terminated short circuit crosstalk(TSC) which is assumed to represent the magnetic component of crosstalk. Theory and models that support it predicts that the electrostatic coupling between wire pairs carries a phase offset of minus ninety (−90) degrees while magnetic coupling carries a phase offset of zero (0) or one hundred eighty (180) degrees. The models also depict that near end crosstalk and far end crosstalk are caused by the vectorial addition of these electrostatic and magnetic components, near end crosstalk having its current in reverse direction of far end crosstalk.
A fixture is provided adjacent to a cable containing multiple twisted pairs. The fixture includes longitudinal channels for controlling the trajectory of the wire pairs after the twisted pairs have been exited the cable and have been de-twisted. The fixture maintains the wire pairs in an orientation beneficial for reducing crosstalk.
In one aspect of the present invention a fixture for use with a multi-wire cable having a plurality of twisted pairs of insulated conductors, the cable having a proximal exit region adjacent to a de-twisted region wherein said twisted pair of insulated conductor exit said cable and are transitioned to a de-twisted configuration consisting of wire pairs, at least a portion of the fixture can be axially adjacent to the de-twisted region of the cable the wire pair in the detwisted region of the multi-wire cable are disposed within corresponding of the plurality of channels such that the trajectories of the plurality of wire pairs are controlled.
In one embodiment the channels are disposed on the exterior surface of the fixture and can be disposed in a helical pattern. In another embodiment the fixture is generally cylindrical and the longitudinal channels are disposed on diametrically opposed sides of the fixture. In another embodiment, the longitudinal channels are W-shaped.
In another aspect of the present invention the fixture is generally planar and has longitudinal channels disposed on a top surface and bottom surface of the fixture. In one embodiment, the longitudinal channels are arranged so as to orient the wire pairs in proper arrangement for mating with mating hardware. In one embodiment, there can be two longitudinal channels on the top surface that each have one wire of a wire pair disposed therein and the three longitudinal channels on the bottom each configured to contain both the wires of a wire pair. The longitudinal channels are arranged so as to properly arrange the wire pairs for mating with the mating hardware.
FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 1-A is an end view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2 is a view of an exemplary longitudinal channel of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the structure of the fixture according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a presently preferred cable termination;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a management bar as shown in FIG. 7; and
FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
A fixture for controlling the trajectory of twisted pairs exiting a cable for connection to mating hardware for reducing crosstalk and controlling the characteristic impedance is disclosed. The fixture includes a body portion that has a distal end proximate to where the twisted pairs exit the cable and transition into a detwisted configuration of wire pairs. The fixture may include a plurality of longitudinal channels on the exterior surface of the body portion. In one embodiment, the number of longitudinal channels corresponds to the number of twisted pairs, and one twisted pair is disposed within each longitudinal channel. In another embodiment, the longitudinal channels are W-shaped having two sub-channels in each longitudinal channel. This allows each wire of the twisted pair to be disposed within an individual sub-channels.
FIGS. 1, 1A and 2 illustrate one embodiment of the present invention in which a fixture 100 is disclosed. The fixture 100 includes a body portion 102 that has four longitudinal channel walls 104-110 disposed along its exterior surface forming 4 longitudinal channels 112-118 between them. In one embodiment, the body portion 102 is generally cylindrically shaped and tapers toward a distal end 120. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the longitudinal channels can be formed in a W-shape having two adjacent sub-channels 122, 124 and a sub-channel divider 126. In this embodiment, one wire of the wire pair are disposed within each sub-channel 122, 124. In one embodiment, the longitudinal channels can be helically formed around the body portion (not shown) for maintaining the twist lay of the twisted pairs.
In one embodiment, the fixture 100 is inserted into a cable (not shown) containing four twisted pairs of wires, wherein the cable is cut and the twisted pairs exposed and a portion of the fixture 100 is inserted into the cable (not shown). Inserting a portion of the fixture into the cable axially aligns the distal end of the fixture with the cable. The twisted pairs are exited from the cable, detwisted, and placed in a longitudinal channel, with one wire of each pair disposed within a corresponding sub-channel.
In one embodiment, a head piece (not shown) is attached or coupled to the fixture 100 and is used to transition the twisted pairs of wires from the fixture into a configuration suitable for mating to a piece of mating hardware. The head piece can be constructed of the same material as the fixture 100. In addition, the head piece can provide additional isolation by a plurality of longitudinal channels guiding the various wires of the twisted pairs exiting the cable into the correct mating orientation. In this way the isolation of the various twisted pairs is maintained and a suitable level of crosstalk is maintained.
FIGS. 3-5 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. The fixture 300 includes a generally planar fixture frame 302 covered by form fitting tape 304 and 306 on the top and bottom surfaces, 320 and 324 respectively, of fixture frame 302. The fixture frame 302 contain slots 310 near the distal end 316, and slots 312 located at approximately the middle of the longitudinal length, and holes 314 located at approximately one-third the longitudinal length from the proximate end 318. Tape 304 has slots 310′, 312′, and holes 314′ defined therethrough and axially aligned with the slots 310, 312 and holes 314 defined within the fixture frame 302. Similarly, tape 306 contains slots 310″, 312″, and holes 314″ defined therethrough and axially aligned with the slots 310, 312, and holes 314 defined within the fixture frame 302. Therefore, slots 310, 310′ and 310″ exist for a continuous passage defined through the laminated structure of tape 304, fixture frame 302, and tape 306. Similarly, slots 312, 312′, and 312″ and holes 314, 314′, and 314″ define continuous passageways through the laminated structure of tape 304, fixture frame 302, and tape 306.
The laminated structure of tape 304, fixture frame 302, and tape 306 include a plurality of longitudinal channels 504, 506, 508, 510, and 512. In the illustrative embodiment, channels 504, 508 and 512 are on the bottom surface 324 and channels 506 and 510 are on the top surface 320. In one embodiment, channels 506 and 510 are configured to hold one wire each of a wire pair and channels 504, 508, and 512 are configured to hold two wires separately. Channels 504, 508, 512 may, in an alternative embodiment include a center ridge 516, 518, and 520, respectively to separate the wires and more precisely control the trajectory of the wire pairs contained therein.
As shown in FIG. 5, in one embodiment a head piece 502 can be fitted to the laminated structure at the distal end 316 and secured through slots 310, 310′, and 310″ and 312, 312′, and 312″. The headpiece can be secured by ultrasonic welding, heat, glue or other method appropriate to an electrical system. In a preferred embodiment, the head piece is molded over the laminated structure. The head piece 502 is inserted into a cable (not shown), the twisted pairs are detwisted, and routed into particular channels. For instance, in the illustrative embodiment, pair 1 is placed in channel 508, pair 2 in channels 506 and 510, pair 3 is placed in channel 504 and pair 4 in channel 512. The placement of the pairs may be changed according to the requirements of those skilled in the art. The distal end 316 is inserted into a twisted pair cable (not shown), the twisted pairs are detwisted into wire pairs and the trajectory of the wire pairs is controlled by fixture 300.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a control bar 402, 406 is used to prevent movement of the fixture, control bar 402 has posts 404 that extend through the holes 314 and are received by holes 408. The control bars 402 and 406 are then secured by ultrasonic welding, heat, glue or other method appropriate to an electrical system. In a preferred embodiment, the control bar can be over molded onto the laminated structure. In an alternative embodiment, the fixture can be constructed without the control bar 402 and 406. The fixture can be manufactured from dielectric, conductive, or ferromagnetic materials or a combination of all three or a subcombination of any two of the materials. The fixture 100 can be sized and dimensioned in order to mate with the cable (not shown) and a head portion (not shown) that can guide the twisted pairs into the mating hardware (not shown).
In some embodiments, the fixture 100 or 300 can be constructed of a dielectric material. In these embodiments, the fixture 100 or 300, does not act as a shield preventing the coupling of electromagnetic fields from among the various twisted pairs of insulated conductors. Rather fixture 100 or 300, by virtue of having a given thickness and being disposed between two wires of two adjacent twisted pairs, increases the center-to-center distance between the adjacent twisted pairs and thus reduces the level of crosstalk between the twisted pairs. In addition, because fixture 100 or 300 may be a dielectric material, it can affect both the magnitude and phase of time-varying electromagnetic fields passing through it. Controlling the phase and magnitude of time-varying electromagnetic fields passing through the fixture 100 or 300 couples energy between twisted pairs within a cable to achieve a desired crosstalk level. Those skilled in the art may, using Maxwell's equations design such a fixture and many variations thereof guided by the principles of the invention discussed herein.
In other embodiments, the fixture 100 or 300 can be constructed of a conductive material. In addition to controlling the trajectory of the twisted pairs exiting the cable, the conductive material may further reduce crosstalk among the twisted pairs due to the shielding action of the conductor.
It is known in electromagnetic field theory that a conductor placed in the path of a time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field will, ideally, prevent that time varying electromagnetic field from passing through the conductor, thus shielding the opposite side of the conductor from the time-varying field. There, of course, will be a small penetration of the conductor by the time-varying field. The depth of this penetration is known as penetration depth or skin depth and is inversely proportional to the conductivity of the material and the frequency of the time-varying field. While the penetration or skin depth depends upon the frequency, conductivity and thickness of the material, in general the more conductive the isolation element may be made, the better its shielding properties will be. For example, silver, copper, and aluminum foil, will provide superior shielding relative to the shielding provided by some less conductive materials.
However, the present invention is not limited to merely these materials. Other materials may be doped with conductive atoms or ions, in order to affect the magnitude and the phase of the energy passing through the isolation element. The fixture 100 or 300 can therefore be constructed of sheets of metallic foil, such as silver, copper or aluminum, or the isolation element can be constructed of plastic materials that have been ionized or doped with conducting atoms in order to increase their conductivity level while still retaining properties associated with a dielectric boundary.
In a twisted pair transmission line, the twisted pair form a balanced transmission line. A balanced transmission line can be driven differentially, that is each wire is driven with signals of equal and opposite amplitude. In contrast, a common mode signal is signal of equal amplitude on both wires. In most circumstances, noise within a transmission system will be a common mode signal when present in a twisted pair balanced transmission line. A differential apparatus coupled to a balanced transmission line will convey a differential signal while attenuating any common mode signals that are present according to the common mode rejection ratio of the apparatus. Therefore, it is important to maintain a high level of balance between the wires comprising a twisted pair.
Imbalance in a twisted pair can be caused by several factors. For example, placing a wire near a conductor forms a parasitic capacitor between the conductor and the wire. This parasitic capacitance affects the impedance of the wire and can also couple other interfering signals to the wire as well. In a twisted pair if there is a difference in the value of the parasitic capacitance for each of the wires in the twisted pair then the impedance will be unbalanced, and any noise signals, such as crosstalk, coupled to each wire can be unequal in magnitude. Thus, the twisted pair will no longer be a balanced transmission line, and some noise will converted to be a differential signal. This can lead to an decrease in the signal to noise ratio since the noise will not be rejected by the common mode rejection of the differential apparatus. Therefore under some circumstances, using conductive materials for the fixture 300 can lead to unbalancing of the twisted pairs and a degradation of performance.
One possible cause of the imbalance between the wires comprising the twisted pair can be any eccentricities in the location of the wire within the insulation surrounding it. During the manufacturing process of wires, conductors are often not placed perfectly within the center of the insulation surrounding them resulting in eccentricities within the wire. Because most wires are produced with a double twisting action, i.e., as the wires are twisted around each other, the individual wires are also back twisted so that the orientation of the wires with respect to each other is not constant, but rather varies with a given period. Over the length of the cable run, which is many times longer than the wavelengths of the transmitted signals, the changing orientation of the wires helps to ensure that on the average, the wires will be correct distance from each other. The same theory would be true for the fixture 300 if the fixture 300 was several twist lengths long. However, the fixture 300 generally extends for an electrically short length comparable to the wavelength of the transmitted signals, and any eccentricities present in the wires may result in the wires of each twisted pair being different distances from fixture 300. Thus, fixture 300 could cause an impedance imbalance to occur among the wires comprising the twisted pairs.
To reduce the effect of wire eccentricities, in one embodiment, fixture 300 can be covered with a dielectric material forming a laminated structure as shown in FIG. 6. The dielectric material, which in one embodiment is Mylar� tape, is used to increase the distance between fixture 300 and the wires of the twisted pairs. This increase in distance between the wires and the isolation element will be much larger than the eccentricities within the wire. The Mylar� tape therefore, will proportionally reduce the effect of any eccentricity of the position of the wire within the conductor. This will reduce any affect caused by the eccentricity of the wire and can increase the stability of fixture 300 with respect to the impedance of the twisted pairs. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the dielectric layers, 602 and 604, covering fixture 300 do not have to be the same thickness. Furthermore, the tape may be used to adjust or alter the characteristic impedance of the pairs.
In another embodiment not shown, a pliable tubing having a plurality of longitudinal channels on the inside surface with each longitudinal channel having an adhesive on the inside surface could be placed over the detwisted pairs to control the trajectory of the pairs.
FIG. 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a cable termination 700 according to the present invention. The cable termination 700 includes the cable containing 4 twisted pairs 702, a cable boot 704 that is designed to house the cable termination hardware, a strain relief 706, an isolation element 708, shrink tubing 710 designed to be fitted over the isolation element 708 for physically securing the twisted pairs within their individual trajectories, and a modular plug 712. Preferably, the isolation element 708 is a laminated material consisting of 0.003 inch steel foil covered on both sides with Mylar�, polyester, foils, of 0.0025 inches and 0.0065 inches, respectively. The shrink tubing 710 is used to keep in place the twisted pairs once the wires have been properly placed and dressed on the isolation element 708. An adhesive liner on the shrink tubing advantageously prevents the dressed wires from migrating across the isolation element 708 during assembly. In another embodiment not shown, the wires may be crimped to provide the necessary mechanical stability. However, the process of crimping the wires may induce errors in the desired trajectories and introduce unwanted variations in the level of crosstalk and in the characteristic impedance. Thus, crimping the wires, while mechanically sound may degrade the performance of the fixture. Preferably, simple heating equipment will be needed to shrink the tubing. The cable boot 704 is provided with the plug for appearance and color identification. The strain relief 706 is used to provide effective strain relief between the cable jacket and the modular plug shell. This enables the connector to pass the mechanical pull test without having to crimp the wires together. Strain relief 706, in one embodiment, is used to provide increased mechanical stability for the isolation element 708 because the isolation element 708 may extend beyond the plug shell and not allow the jacket of the cable to be crimped by the plastic bar within the plug 712.
In one embodiment, the isolation element 708 can be adjusted by moving the metal foil forward toward the modular plug 712 or backwards toward the cable 702. This has the effect of increasing or decreasing the length of the parallel run of wires prior to mating with the modular plug 712. Thus, by moving isolation element 708 forward toward the plug, the parallel run length is decreased and thus, the crosstalk between adjacent wires is also decreased. By moving the isolation element 708 rearward toward the cable 702, the parallel run length of a adjacent wires is increased and thus the level of crosstalk is increased as well. Advantageously, this allows the terminated cable according to one embodiment of the invention to be adapted to changing crosstalk standards in the future. In one embodiment, the movement of isolation element 708 may be accomplished during production and in another embodiment, a field adjustable isolation element may be used.
FIG. 8 illustrates a preferred embodiment of isolation element 708 that is comprised of a molded bar 802 and a formed foil management bar 804. The molded bar can be an injection molded plastic bar that is fitted onto 804 and extends into the 4 pair cable 1002 (not shown).
The present invention has now been described in connection with a number of specific embodiments thereof. However, numerous modifications which are contemplated as falling with in the scope of the present invention should now be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the scope of the present invention be limited only by the scope of the claims appended hereto.
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