text:
Postgraduate Diploma/MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing & Rural Development 2009-2010 Department of Food Business & Development & Centre for Co-operative Studies Postgraduate Diploma in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development and MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development INTRODUCTION For graduates from a wide range of disciplines who are interested in careers in Co-operatives, Food Marketing or Rural Development, University College Cork will offer a postgraduate course leading to a Postgraduate Diploma/MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development, commencing in September 2009. The Postgraduate Diploma is a postgraduate full-time course, and extends over one year. The MSc is a postgraduate full-time course, extending over two years, the first year of which consists of the Postgraduate Diploma in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development. AIMS OF THE PROGRAMME The programme aims to equip graduates with the marketing, organisational and management skills they will need to make innovative contributions to the development of local economies, with particular emphasis on co-operatives, social enterprises and food businesses in Ireland and overseas. GRADUATE TESTIMONY "Huge asset in getting me on the career ladder – use presentation skills, team/group research and IT everyday in my position as a national education welfare officer." "I found the course excellent; it offered a refreshingly alternative perspective on development, organisations and business." "It gave me a good understanding of basic business principles." "Motivated me to shift direction from engineering to development." "It helped lay a solid foundation towards my current academic career – mostly in the area of co-operatives and rural development." "Simply wouldn't be doing the job I love without the MSc. I have spent the last years working on development in West Africa." "It was the start of my academic career, dovetailing into a PhD program." "The multidisciplinary nature of the course provides students with many career opportunities." 3 "It put me on a career path towards working in the rural development sector." "The course provided me with my crucial first experience in working in a developing country." "The course bridged the gap between being an undergraduate with no work experience to getting started on the career ladder." "I got my current job as a result of the work placement component of the course." "The course gave me a good understanding of working with development groups, including LEADER." "I acquired the information and skills that I have built upon through work experience enabling me to support community groups." "It provided an alternative perspective on social and economic development." 4 GRADUATE EMPLOYMENT (Graduates 1991-2006) Graduates of the programme are qualified to take up a wide range of employment opportunities. This is because of the unique interdisciplinary, problem-centred nature of the programme. Some of the positions currently held by graduates of the programme include: Trade Marketing Specialist, Bord Bia Social Inclusion Analyst, Local Authority Credit union consultant Marketing Manager, Supermarket Chain Rural Childcare Project Manager Food Safety & Quality Assurance Manager Administrator, Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology Senior Community Dietician, Health Services Executive Manager, Rural Partnership Company Project Manager, VEC Programme Development Officer, local development company Desk Officer, Concern Gender/Equality Officer, County Council Community Development Officer, national development organisation Lecturer, UCC Secondary School Teacher Trócaire – Ethiopia Country Representative Area Manager, International Development Consultants P.R. Officer Director, Event Management Company Senior Sales Executive, food company Researcher, Investment Company Corporate Accounts Manager, IT sector Community and Enterprise Development Officer, County Council Gallery Assistant Analyst, Food Safety Authority of Ireland 5 TRAVEL OPPORTUNITIES The Postgraduate Diploma/MSc programme provides students with opportunities to travel during the period of study. Training placements are undertaken during the Postgraduate Diploma year in Ireland and abroad, and have included placements to Scotland, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Greece, Cyprus, UK, US, Senegal and Sweden. The MSc year provides opportunities to conduct research in Ireland and abroad. An overseas development research programme facilitates travel by students to developing countries, including Tanzania, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe (see under Developing Country Work Experience). Recently, students specialising in co-operative business have conducted MSc research in Canada, France and the US. 6 COURSE STRUCTURE YEAR I: Postgraduate Diploma in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing & Rural Development YEAR II: MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing & Rural Development Postgraduate Diploma in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing & Rural Development Candidates for the Postgraduate Diploma must: (a) pursue a full-time course for three terms (b) pass an examination on the course (c) undertake and report on a short training project. Students take core modules to the value of 55 credits plus an elective to the value of 5 credits as follows: Core Modules FE 5100 Co-operative Organisation (15 credits) FE 5101 Food Marketing I (15 credits) (For students who have not previously studied marketing) or FE 5102 Food Marketing II (15 credits) (For students who have previously studied marketing to a sufficient level) FE 5103 Rural Development (15 credits) FE 5104 Practical Training Placement (10 credits) 7 Elective FE 4008 Food Security and the Developing World (5 credits) OR Any other 5 credit module which may be made available by any Department in the Faculty of Food Science and Technology, depending on the prior qualifications and interests of each student and subject to the approval of the course leader. The 50 course credits will be examined in summer and a report on the Practical Training Placement will be submitted in September. Course leadership will be provided by the Department of Food Business and Development and the Centre for Co-operative Studies. DETAILED COURSE UNIT OUTLINE Core Modules FE 5100 Co-operative Organisation Overview of co-operative activity in Ireland and abroad, of different co- operative sectors: - Agricultural, worker, community, food, service, energy, water and sports co-operatives and credit unions. Topics covered include: Overview of co-operative principles and structural characteristics; co-operative history. Sociology of organisations, co-operative and conventional: different theoretical and practical approaches to organising (scientific management, bureaucratic approach, human relations/human resources, Japanese model, contingency theory, 'new age' organisations, representative co- operative, collective co-operative). Economic and financial aspects: business planning, business objectives in a co-operative, application of surplus, co-operative accounting; Co-operative law and administration: fundamentals of co-operative law, shareholding structures, value of shares in a co-operative and recent developments in agricultural co- 8 operatives, roles and functions of members, Board of Directors, managers, co-operative strategy, business success and member identity. Co-operative training and education: steps in starting up a co- operative (group aims, meetings, feasibility studies, business plan), decision-making and meeting processes, team work, social goals. Sociology of communications. Two-way communication and presentation skills. After completing this module the student should be able to: Review co-operative activity in Ireland and abroad across the different co-operative sectors; Analyse co-operative principles and characteristics; Examine different theoretical and practical approaches to organising across the organisational spectrum, from conventional to co-operative; Explore the co-operative management and decision-making process; Apply co-operative theory to practice; Evaluate co-operative performance in social and economic terms and as effective vehicles for development in Ireland and overseas; Assess the relationship between the co-operative and its members, especially in food processing and marketing co- operatives; Evaluate the relevance of co-operatives, especially to the agri- food business chain; and evaluate the potential competitive advantages of co-operatives. FE 5101 Food Marketing I Topics covered include: Introduction to marketing skills and techniques. Structure and organisation of Irish food industry - farm production, processing, trade, distribution. Consumer demand, industry performance. Market segmentation, product choice, pricing, 9 promotion and distribution in relation to food. Environmental and ethical considerations in marketing. Should co-operative marketing be different from conventional marketing? Examination of Fair Trade mark and analysis of alternative trade movements. Detailed study of Community Regulations which influence product choice and trade strategies of Irish firms. Analysis of single-tier and multi-tier co- operative marketing systems -strengths, weaknesses, success and failure factors. Particular attention will be given to the nature of the relationships (financing, payment pooling, contracts etc.) between the co-operatives and their members especially in food processing and marketing co-operatives. After completing this module the student should be able to: Evaluate the relationships between the different components of the food and agricultural supply chain. Interpret government policy as applied to food and agricultural markets. Interpret the role of market orientation in new product success. Evaluate the role of market-oriented techniques in designing new products. Challenge the role of ethics in the food supply chain and food marketing strategies. Develop detailed marketing strategies for both large and small food companies and co-operatives. FE 5102 Food Marketing II Topics covered include: Detailed development of food marketing strategies by firms and by sectoral groups with particular emphasis on international food marketing. The application of quantitative techniques to the main issues arising at various stages of the Food Business chain such as demand analysis, operational efficiency, pricing efficiency, raw 10 material supply, income distribution, market entry, product development. Intermediate marketing skills and techniques. After completing this module the student should be able to: Analyse the determinants of human behaviour and food choice. Assess the importance of social & cultural environment to marketing efforts and business relationships. Summarise the causes and effects of consumer behaviour on the health and wellbeing of a society. Analyse the different marketing strategies that firms utilise in competitive food markets. Design marketing strategies for novel food products that achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Question the role of market orientation in new product success and be able to design a new product development strategy for a firm. FE 5103 Rural Development Topics covered include: Theories of rural development. Definition and measurement of development. Trends in the rural economy - changing rural labour market, cross sectoral links; the context of rural development policy. Diversification of the rural economy: traditional farm activities vs. new/'organic' farm activities vs. farm-related activities (agri-tourism, forestry, etc.); small farmer viability, part-time farming, pluri-active rural households; non-farm enterprises, the role of local organisations including co-operatives in development; links between co-operative sectors in promoting rural development. Community- based strategies for small business development. Rural development policy at EU, national and local level - LEADER, county enterprise boards and area partnership companies, etc. Application of new technology to promote equitable rural development. Rural environmental issues and sustainable development. Rural public 11 management appraisal techniques for rural development projects. Rural development in developing countries and lessons for Ireland. Food security and poverty reduction including impact of HIV/AIDS. After completing this module the student should be able to: Explain the different approaches to rural development. Discuss the links between regional and rural development. Identify and explain the changing policy context for rural development in the EU and Ireland. Appreciate theory and practice in regional and rural development in Ireland. Define and explain development, poverty and food security. Explain sustainable development and the linkages between poverty and the environment. Capstone Seminar Course This course will build on the material offered in the other sections by focusing indepth on the concept of co-operative organisation and its application and feasibility in food marketing and rural development in differing socio-economic and political systems. As such it will serve to integrate the other course units. Conventional and co-operative assumptions and beliefs will be challenged and debated in both theoretical and practical terms by drawing on indepth analytical studies from around the world. The course will be taught in a seminar format involving considerable student input and interaction between lecturer and students. Students will be required to prepare and present one or more papers for the seminar course. Group Research Project Students will be given an opportunity to test and apply in a practical integrated manner the various theoretical concepts introduced during the course by working in small co-operative teams to conduct a group research project on an approved topic. This exercise will also provide 12 students with experience of co-operative decision-making and in general help them to acquire team work and leadership skills. Preparation for this project will involve tuition on research methods and presentation skills. Computer Skills Students in both the Postgraduate Diploma and MSc years attend tutorials on the practical use of computers in research analysis. They enjoy unrestricted access to the Department of Food Business and Development"s computer laboratory. FE 5104 Practical Training Placement A training project is to be undertaken on an approved aspect of Co- operative Organisation, Food Marketing or Rural Development and is to be submitted by September. A placement co-ordinator will advise and facilitate students on this programme. Students are encouraged to be actively involved in identifying suitable placements. After completing this module the student should be able to: Work in an organisational and/or development setting, arising from practical work placement. Conduct and report on organisational research. Reflect analytically on organisational operations in co- operatives, social enterprises, food businesses and development agencies. Training project placements are normally in co-operatives, food firms and development agencies in Ireland, Europe and elsewhere. So far, students have obtained overseas summer placements in English workers' co-operatives; Welsh and Scottish food co-operatives and community enterprises; Danish, US, Italian, German, Russian and Swedish agricultural co-operatives and agencies; Spanish, Polish, Greek and Cypriot rural development projects; marketing Irish tourism 13 in Italy and working in French food firms. Students have also obtained placements in the head offices of Irish Third World agencies and the International Co-operative Alliance, Geneva. Elective FE 4008 Food Security and the Developing World This module will explore the impact of changing patterns of world food trade, structural adjustment and other intervention programmes on rural livelihoods and survival strategies in the developing world. Topics covered include: the economic and environmental sustainability of livelihood portfolios and the impact on food security of structural adjustment programmes, trade liberalisation, bilateral and multilateral donors and changing governmental policies and roles. After completing this module the student should be able to: Assess the impact of institutional policy on developing countries e.g. SAP, PRSP etc. Summarise the contributions of financial institutions to food security. Measure various changes in governmental policies in trade liberalisation, privatisation and donor agencies. Evaluate the sustainable livelihood framework using livelihood portfolios. Debate the roles of bilateral and multi-lateral agencies in developing countries. Predict the forces and nature of sustainable livelihoods in a complex world. Describe the differences between the North - South on issues of sustainable development. Or students may also take another approved 5 credit module. 14 TEACHING APPROACH The course will adopt an analytical attitude towards co-operative organisation, exploring its strengths, weaknesses and potential in the context of a market economy, using relevant case studies. Students will be encouraged to develop their awareness through critical group analysis of theoretical concepts and existing practices, using a number of case-studies in food marketing, rural development and co- operatives. During the year practitioners in the fields of co-operative management, rural development and marketing will be invited in to conduct workshops and seminars. Students will also be afforded the unique opportunity to interact with the Department"s distance learning mature students on issues such as practical rural development and social integration. In addition, students will be brought on field trips so as to observe and study at first hand. 15 MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing & Rural Development The MSc programme enables honours graduates of the Postgraduate Diploma to specialise, through research, in their chosen area of interest. Every attempt is made to match the researchers" interests with an identified research need, thus enabling the researcher to make a social contribution as well as meeting the programme"s academic requirements. While students specialise for MSc research they are nevertheless able to draw on the wider knowledge of business and development gained from completing the Diploma. For example, co-operatives play a major role internationally in the marketing of food, a rural commodity which is produced in the context of EU and world policy as discussed in rural development classes. Previous MSc graduates have conducted research into development studies, incorporating developing country work experience, co- operative business and social enterprise, rural development and all aspects of marketing. Developing country work experience Opportunities are available for some Diploma holders to undertake a fully-funded work experience assignment in an appropriate project in a developing country. Such assignments may lead to MSc dissertation topics. Diploma holders have undertaken work/study assignments in Burkina Faso (West Africa), Ethiopia, and the Philippines. To date, areas studied for MSc dissertations have included sustainable agriculture, food security, rural livelihoods, small-scale enterprise 16 development, credit and micro-finance, gender issues, natural resource management, soil and water conservation, solar energy, small-scale dairy development, land tenure issues, tourism in the developing world, dairy marketing issues, product development, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS impact on development. Co-operative business and social enterprise Issues chosen for dissertation topics have included financing agricultural co-operatives, plc co-op conversion, credit union regeneration, managing workers" co-operatives, role of co-operatives in provision of housing, community-supported agriculture (bringing consumers and farmers together), education and training in co- operatives, international comparative co-operative studies, role of co- operatives in organic food production, tourism and craft co-operatives, and forestry co-operatives, role of donor funding in social enterprise and cooperatives. Rural development Dissertation research has included women in rural development, cultural tourism, role of development agencies such as LEADER, Pobal, and County Enterprise Boards, marketing rural products and services, community participation in development, measuring development, stand alone rural housing and job creation in rural areas, evaluating national rural development policies and programmes and community ownership of renewable energy projects. Marketing Research has included consumer foods, consumer buying behaviour, organic food production and distribution, food packaging and display, health enhancing foods, traceability of food supplies, new product development, speciality food marketing, marketing the Irish sport horse industry, marketing mineral water, marketing tourist accommodation, and the marketing function within small enterprises. 17 Interdisciplinary food research Research in the department is also focusing on alternative food networks. PhD researchers are looking at different aspects of this topic, such as effective structures for farmers" markets and patterns of development in Ireland"s alternative food sector. This is a newly emerging area of food research in Ireland with interesting issues for research at the MSc level. Eligibility to proceed to MSc Graduates who have obtained at least Second Class Honours in the Examination for the Postgraduate Diploma will be eligible to transfer to the MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development Year Two. The Diploma Year will be deemed to have constituted Year One of the MSc course. Candidates must submit a written research proposal to the relevant Department, be recommended by the Professors or Lecturers concerned and be accepted by the Faculty and Academic Council. To proceed to the MSc in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development candidates must: 1. Pursue an internal postgraduate course for at least three terms after completing the Postgraduate Diploma in Co- operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development. 2. Submit a dissertation based upon the work done during such a course on an approved topic within the fields of Co- operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development. 3. May be required to pass an examination on the subject matter of the Dissertation if the examiners so decide. Dissertation attachment arrangements will be made with individual firms/agencies/organisations. Scholarships for this second year of the programme (both public and private) are sometimes available depending on research interests. 18 RELEVANCE OF COURSE "To ensure their continued employment prospects, research graduates need to rapidly acquire a complex array of knowledge-related skills, for instance, in communications, problem-solving, preparing research proposals and research budgeting and management, while at the same time keeping abreast of developments in their own fields." Rural Ireland 2025 Foresight Perspectives, p.22 Co-operative business and social enterprise In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest and activity in the application of public participation in general and of the co-operative approach, as a vehicle for promoting employment and provision of services. This is being reflected in a range of rural and urban settings, particularly in the renewable energy and organic food sectors. Side by side with this, there is an on-going structural reorganisation of existing agricultural co-operatives and credit unions in order to increase business efficiency. In December 2007, Forfás published a profile of the co-operative sector in Ireland and internationally. The report, Ireland"s Co- operative Sector, forms part of a review of the legislative and organisational framework for co-operatives in Ireland being undertaken by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment. The report identifies some of the key challenges and opportunities for Irish co-operatives in the future which are included in the Department"s legislative review. The issues include: encouraging a greater appreciation of the co-operative model as a distinct form of organisation and ensure there is a level playing field between co-operatives and other legal options for structuring enterprises. Legislation reform aims to provide a framework so the full potential of the co-operative model can be achieved, in areas such as childcare, housing, education and healthcare. The report is available at www.forfas.ie. 19 The concept of social enterprise was rarely discussed almost a decade ago. Defourny and Nyssens (2008) suggest: "it is now making amazing breakthroughs on both sides of the Atlantic, especially in EU countries and the United States. It is also attracting increasing interest in other regions such as Eastern Asia (especially Japan and South Korea) and Latin America". The social economy and social enterprises are a particular focus of this course, more specifically those located and serving rural communities. The growth of this sector as a strategy of rural service provision and social inclusion is increasingly acknowledged in academic and political circles, both nationally and internationally. The Irish government"s commitment to the development of a vibrant social economy sector has been evident since the 1990s, initially with the implementation of the national Social Economy Programme launched in 1999, and more recently with the implementation in late 2006 of the Community Services programme. This programme, administered by POBAL (www.pobal.ie), supports voluntary and community groups to provide essential services and businesses to their communities with the objectives of alleviating disadvantage in those communities through the provision of essential services, creating local employment opportunities and strengthening local ownership through participation in decision-making. The co-operative is the ultimate form of organisation structure to facilitate this local ownership and participation in decision-making structures. The Co-operative Movement brings together over 800 million people around the world. The United Nations estimated in 1994 that the livelihood of nearly 3 billion people, or half of the world's population, was made secure by co-operative enterprise. These enterprises continue to play significant economic and social roles in their communities. In 2004, the top 300 co-operative and mutual businesses share a turnover of approximately $1,000 billion (USD). 20 th This is put into context by considering that Canada, the world"s 9 largest economy had a GDP of $979 billion (USD). Large segments of the population are members of co-operatives: In Ireland, one in every two people is a member of a credit union In Britain, there are about 1,500 worker co-operatives owned and controlled by the people who produce the goods and services In the United States, 4 in 10 individuals is a member of a co-operative (25%). In Argentina, there are over 17,941 co-operative societies with 9.1 million members. In Canada, 1 in 3 individuals is a member of a co-operative. In Kenya, 1 in 5 is a member of a co-operative or 5.9 million and 20 million Kenyans directly or indirectly derive their livelihood from the Co-operative Movement. In India, over 239 million people are members of a co- operative. In Malaysia, 5.4 million people are members of co- operatives. In Singapore, 32% of the population (1.4 million people) are members of a co-operative. Source: www.ica.coop Did you know that? Ocean Spray cranberry sauce and juices come from a cranberry-growers' co-operative in the USA? When American farmers found the giant electricity companies would not supply them with power, they set up their own electricity co-ops to do it for them? 21 Europe's second biggest bank, Crédit Agricole, is a co- operative owned by French farmers? Sean Connery earned a living driving a Co-op horse-drawn milk float in Edinburgh, Scotland before he turned to acting? Source: http://www.cooponline.coop In 1995, the International Co-operative Alliance, with headquarters in Geneva, restated the co-operative principles (first developed in st Rochdale in 1844) and emphasised their relevance for the 21 century. In 2000, the EU set up a Permanent Conference of Co-operatives, Mutual Societies, Associations and Foundations (PEC-CMAF), with a secretariat in Brussels. Among the stated aims of the PEC- CMAF are the promotion of the values and roles of CMAFs in economic, social and cultural areas, the facilitation of CMAFs in accessing financial funds and instruments, the furthering of CMAF"s participation in community policies and programmes and enabling CMAFs to play an increased role in the development of European citizenship. In April 2002, the Review Commission published its comprehensive review of all aspects of the Irish League of Credit Unions, entitled A Time for Change, so that it will better serve the interests of credit unions and their members in a highly competitive financial services arena. One of their recommendations is the formal recognition of the potential contribution that can be made by organisations, such as the UCC Centre for Co-operative Studies, to the credit union movement. The European Commission adopted the Statute for a European Co- operative Society in 2003 which aims to provide co-operatives with adequate legal instruments to facilitate cross border and transnational activities. Previous to this, cross border co-operation between cooperatives was hindered by legal and administrative difficulties. This signifies the importance of cooperatives to the European economy. 22 In 2002, the United Nations agency, the International Labour Organisation adopted "Recommendation 193" on the promotion of co- operatives, which recognises the importance of co-operatives in job creation, mobilising resources and economic development. It also recognises that globalisation has created new problems reasserting the importance of stronger forms of human solidarity, such as through the co-operative organisational form. The recommendation aims to promote co-operatives and increase their use because there is significant potential and benefit from their development. In 2001, the co-operative movement was given its own top level internet domain name - .coop - thus differentiating the co-operative from other kinds of business. Co-operative values should be particularly advantageous in the field of internet businesses. Malcolm Corbett argues that the internet and electronic commerce could lead to a whole new era of growth for co-operatives. He cites a recent best- seller, Net Gain: expanding markets through virtual communities, which argues that power will shift dramatically from the producers of goods and services to the customers who buy them. The following websites provide detailed international information on co- operatives, demonstrating their significance worldwide - www.ncba.coop, www.ica.coop, www.woccu.coop Co-operatives have been leading businesses in adopting social audit practices in management and marketing. For example, visit the Co- operative Group"s website (www.co-op.co.uk) and in particular, the UK Co-operative Bank (www.co-operativebank.co.uk). Visiting lecturers in the co-operative organisation section of the course are drawn from organisations such as those mentioned above. 23 Training and education for co-operative development will be needed for those involved in advisory services, as well as those more closely involved as, for example, managers or member development officers employed by co-operatives. Advisory services to co-operative start-ups are needed in State Agencies and existing co-operative support agencies. There will also be scope for private consultancy services in this field. The role of managers in a co-operative is markedly different from their role in a private company and requires specialised training. Research at the Centre for Co-operative Studies and elsewhere has shown that conventional management styles and an inability to work co-operatively have hampered the success of co-operatives as businesses and distinct organisations. Many member development officers such as those currently employed by agricultural co-operatives have little formal training for their role. This contributes to a commonly observed situation in the agricultural co-operatives where the majority of members have no active role in, or identity with, their co-operative. Developing countries The global development challenge in the coming decades is enormous. The problems include a failure to have fundamental human needs met: More than four billion people worldwide live on less than $2 a day. Every day, more than 20,000 people die from hunger or hunger-related causes…Today, 30,000 children will die from preventable diseases and more than 130 million will not go to school. Tonight, over 100 million people will go to bed hungry. Government White Paper on Irish Aid, 2006. The international community has committed itself to achieving key development goals by 2015, including a massive reduction in those 24 living in extreme poverty. In September 2005, the Irish Government renewed its commitment to reaching the UN target of contributing 0.7% of GNP to overseas development assistance by 2012, with the overarching objective poverty reduction. In 2006, the Department of Foreign Affairs published the Government White Paper on Irish Aid, outlining the values and principles underpinning Ireland"s assistance programme to the developing world and how the aid programme will be expanded until 2012. This includes supporting fair-trade coffee producing co-operatives in Central America and providing funds for food aid in countries such as Ethiopia, Darfur and Ghana. The Aid programme also supports students from developing countries to undertake post-graduate studies in Irish universities by providing fellowships. The Hunger Task Force is one new initiative, aiming to focus on alleviating hunger in Africa in the face of new and changing challenges: Over 860 million people are hungry – a denial of their fundamental human right to enough food…Rising food prices have created new, urgent challenges that are increasing hunger and humanitarian needs worldwide. These challenges hit the most vulnerable hardest. As a result of increased food prices, a new face of hunger has emerged, with an additional 130 million people joining the ranks of the urgently hungry who were not there just one year ago. The most vulnerable people are running out of coping strategies. Hunger Task Force Report to the Government of Ireland, 2008. Poverty reduction and sustainable development will not be brought about through development assistance alone, because in an increasingly interdependent and globalised world, the impacts of economic actions in the developed world can have considerable consequences for developing countries, for example in the area of world food trade. The Postgraduate Diploma programme aims to enhance critical understanding of some of the key linkages, as well as introducing analytical tools and approaches relevant to practical development. 25 This Postgraduate Diploma programme is unique amongst courses focusing on development in that it combines a thorough grounding in development work with an understanding of business concepts and organisational management, with a strong focus on co-operative organisations. As such it is particularly relevant and attractive to candidates from developing countries, who in many cases, have valuable field experience which can be enhanced by advanced study of analytical concepts and approaches undertaken through this programme. It is also apparent that the interlinked areas of rural development, marketing and co-operative organisation are central to policies aimed at enhancing agriculture and food security in many developing countries. Practitioners involved in agricultural development will therefore find this programme of unique relevance. Rural development and marketing The publication of the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development"s "Bruntland report" in 1987 put sustainability firmly on the development agenda. Sustainable development, as defined in the report, should meet the needs of present generations without compromising future generation"s ability to meet their needs. World leaders agreed to implement a programme of action for sustainable development, Agenda 21 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The concept has made its way into the Irish policy setting: Sustainable rural development must be put at the top of the agenda of the European Union. The Cork Declaration, European Commission. All rural policy should now support sustainable development. At a national level, the government and social partners indirectly endorse the objective of building sustainable communities through the enhancement of the quality of life in rural areas and a diversification of the rural economy, as stated in the latest ten-year framework 26 Social Partnership Agreement 2006-2015, Towards 2016. Emerging from this agreement, the National Strategy for Sustainable Development was published in 1997 and puts Agenda 21 into action in the Irish context. The strategy was also reviewed last year. The Postgraduate Diploma/MSc seeks to equip students with a theoretical grounding and the practical experience to tackle current challenges facing rural areas. More broadly, Cuddy (2005) suggests there are two distinct sectors of rural society, in which different issues must be tackled: Tier I is urbanised and integrated into the global and consumer society; Tier II is traditional and continues to face conventional challenges of low value-added creation opportunities with out- migration and declining but increasingly costly social services as a result of low-scale economies. (30) The statutory commitment to supporting practitioners in this area is evident in recent initiatives such as the Agri Vision 2015 Action Plan that was launched in March 2006. This sets out: "a new vision for the future of the sector in the light of new changes impacting on it, such as the change to the decoupled payment regime, a more liberalised trade policy, changes in lifestyle, the clear emergence of technology and Research and Development (R&D) as significant market drivers and major changes in the structure of farming and retailing. It highlights three drivers for success: competitiveness; innovation; and consumer-focussed marketing." Annual Review & Outlook, 2005/2006 27 Over the next seven years, the National Development Plan (NDP) 2007-2013 proposes to invest to invest €461 million in promoting the diversification of the rural economy under the LEADER/Rural Economy Sub-Programme. An additional €8 billion is to be spent under the Agriculture and Food Programme specifically in the promotion of "continuing modernisation and competitiveness of the farming sector and the food processing sector as well as enhance quality of the rural environment". The current National Rural Development Strategy (2007-2013) reflects the Lisbon Reform Programme. At the EU level the focus on rural development has moved with the establishment of the 2006 EU Rural Development Policy framework with a four axis strategic approach. Gradually, EU policy programs are shifting from a sectoral to a broad based rural development approach. There is then a need for professionally trained rural development practitioners. The National Rural Development Strategy seeks to "enhance the competitiveness of the agri-food sector" and is said to "complement Ireland"s overall strategy for science, technology and innovation," The strategy runs until 2013 and which provides a major commitment for research and development in agriculture and food, focusing particularly on research in sustainable agricultural production; food quality, safety and nutrition; product innovation and the rural economy". Sustainable rural development and the promotion of rural social inclusion are all features of this rural development strategy. LEADER funding allocations under the 2007-2013 program were announced in November 2008. At €425.4 million the allocations are almost treble the 2000-2006 amount and the largest ever package for rural development. The funding will be delivered to communities through local action groups, such as rural development organisations, and will be channelled into measures such as support for business creation, agricultural diversification, rural tourism, conservation of the rural heritage and service provision. 28 A combination of marketing skills, organising skills and an understanding of multi-sectoral rural development processes are key skills necessary to implement such national and EU priorities. Several studies and reports have pinpointed weaknesses in food marketing as a major constraint on the development of a competitive food industry in Ireland. The Agrifood 2010 Report underlines the key role of effective marketing. "Investment in marketing will be critical to the food industry"s capacity to compete and win market share in a rapidly changing marketplace." (27) The importance of marketing applies across a wide range of sectors, especially the small and medium enterprise sectors in which worker and community co-operatives normally operate. To quote from Heane"s paper on "Innovation and Rural Development", presented at the National Rural Development Conference 2008: "there is a need to ensure a steady stream of off-farm employment opportunities – in innovative, competitive and dynamic rural enterprises – to absorb surplus labour from the farming sector and provide employment opportunities for part- time farmers (thereby increasing the viability of their farming lifestyles), their farming and non-farming family members and the broader rural community" (63). Graduates of the Postgraduate Diploma programme in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development are already contributing substantially to the development of small firms and the creation of new jobs (see Table 1). In its report, the Committee on Rural Development Training called for training and employment of animators to act as catalysts for development in local areas and to stimulate rural enterprise: 29 As rural development acquires an enhanced status through policy orientations and special funding, new openings are emerging for careers in project management. These may be with established organisations like co-operatives which have undertaken to diversify activities, or with new structures such as IRD (integrated rural development) companies or LEADER groups. Strategy for Rural Development Training Report, p.15 The Operational Programme for Human Resource Development (1994-1999) specifically refers to the desirability for Local Development Animators to have an "academic qualification or equivalent in business or commerce, community education and development, facilitation and group work, or rural development" (p.54). This is precisely what this course has been doing for the last eighteen years (See Table 1) and this continues to be an important strategy. As part of the Common Agricultural Policy Rural Development Programme for Ireland (2007- 13), a funding measure "Running Local Action Groups, Acquiring Skills and Animating the Territory" has been introduced aiming to provide sufficient resources and expertise to efficiently implement integrated and wider community rural development programming in rural areas. Placement Statistics As can be seen from the placement statistics in Table 1, many UCC graduates in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development have already secured employment as project managers, development officers and researchers with LEADER groups, area partnership companies and county enterprise boards. Approximately two-thirds of graduates in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development are women and these women graduates have been very successful in obtaining positions in rural development organisations. This is in line with the Irish Government policy for LEADER II groups when it stated that "groups will be requested to devote particular attention to encouraging the participation of women in LEADER and in the rural development process generally" (Operational Programme for LEADER II Initiative, p.19). The National Development 30 Plan 2000-6 included an educational disadvantage measure. This aimed to assist education and training projects that address gaps in provision for the educationally disadvantaged and facilitate their progression to mainstream learning, especially focusing on women. The current plan (2007-13) follows on from this with the Education Equality Initiative. Table 1 PLACEMENT OF POSTGRADAUTE DIPLOMA/MSc GRADUATES IN CO-OPERATIVE ORGANISATION, FOOD MARKETING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Postgraduate Diploma Survey 2006 Destination of Diploma/MSc Graduates 1991-2006 Random Sample of 80 graduates Sector No. % Development & Community Work (Includes overseas development) 17 21 Educational Services (Includes Teaching and Lecturing) 16 20 Sales, Marketing & Customer Relations (Including Food Businesses & Co-operatives) 13 16 Project Management & Research (Including Co-ops, Rural Development & Food Businesses) 9 11 Business Director/Owner/Self Employed 7 9 Management & Administration 7 9 Further Study 4 5 Miscellaneous 3 4 Finance & Accounts 2 3 Seeking Employment 2 3 Source: Survey by Department of Food Business and Development, 2006 In the future, there is likely to be increasing demand for personnel in administration and policy-making with a thorough knowledge of rural development coupled with an understanding of the special needs and nature of co-operatives, in recognition of the continued importance of agricultural and community co-operatives in rural development. In 31 addition to this, social enterprises are emerging in response to social exclusion and are engaged in the provision of a range of community based services such as care for the elderly, family resources centres, rural transport and community childcare. In view of these developments, there is an increasing need for graduate personnel having co-operative organising skills combining both business success and a knowledge of co-operative processes. The application of this core skill of co-operative organisation is required in the following distinct areas: integrated rural development, marketing, training and education for co-operative development. Complementarity While the areas of rural development, marketing, and co-operative training are in some respects distinct, in other respects they are quite complementary. For example, those wishing to specialise in co- operative organisation and training should benefit from a thorough grounding in marketing and the business skills involved; conversely, those wishing to specialise in co-operative marketing should benefit from the communications and presentation skills learned in the module on co-operative organisation. Similarly an understanding of the evolving nature of rural societies and their development is essential for personnel wishing to apply marketing or co-operative organisation techniques as part of the rural development process. Apart from specific co-operative applications, it is considered that the course will provide a good critical education for those entering into a wide range of administrative, business and personnel appointments in both the private and public sectors. The course will also offer a thorough and stimulating grounding in organisational studies to those wishing to pursue academic careers in this field. A PhD programme in Co-operative Organisation, Food Marketing and Rural Development is also available for those who complete the Masters programme. 32 Students who demonstrate a high standard during the MSc programme may be considered for transfer to the PhD programme. Since its inception in 1990, the course has attracted students from Canada, China, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Poland, Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden, Malaysia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Nigeria, Guinea, Ethiopia, the United Kingdom and the United States, in addition to Irish students. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS The Course will be open to graduates from a wide range of disciplines, including: Sociology, Geography, Food Business, Food Science, Food Nutrition, Economics, Psychology, Languages, Law, Commerce and Agricultural Science. Applications are also welcome from mature graduates currently employed in co-operatives or other development organisations who can arrange a one year leave of absence to attend the Postgraduate Diploma Course. The course normally attracts an interdisciplinary group of students with a variety of orientations towards theoretical and practical issues. Students are thus encouraged to examine issues from different perspectives in an interactive manner as a learning feature of the course. ADMISSION PROCEDURE All Applicants (EU & non EU) All applications for the programme must be made on-line at st www.pac.ie. The course code is CKP01. The closing date is 1 July st 2009 for EU applications and 1 May 2009 for non EU applicants. Applications will continue to be accepted after the closing dates for any places still remaining, or for inclusion on a waiting list. Applications must be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of €45, paid by Bank Draft, Postal Order or Credit Card - Laser and Visa accepted. 33 Candidates Statement All applications must be accompanied by a separate typed Candidate's Statement, outlining in less than 300 words, the benefits the candidate expects to gain from studying for this Postgraduate Diploma/MSc. Any other information considered relevant, including a Curriculum Vitae, may also be submitted. Applicants will be prompted to post this information to the Postgraduate Application Centre. Selection Selection will be based on academic achievement, candidate's statement and possible interview. Referees" reports may also be requested and therefore, in the interests of efficiency, candidates should nominate referees on the application form but are not initially being requested to have reports submitted. FEES The Postgraduate Diploma is run over a 12 month period rather than the 9 month academic year. Field projects and field visits are subsidised. The fee for the Postgraduate Diploma course in 2008/2009 was €4,730 (surcharge applicable to non EU students). The fee for 2009-10 has not yet been set (a change in line with inflation can be expected). The Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, via the Irish Council for International Students, may offer a limited number of scholarships to students from developing countries who are offered places on the course. In recent years Tanzanian, Zimbabwean, Nigerian and Ethiopian students were funded by the Department of Foreign Affairs. No commitment can be given at the time of writing. Candidates from developing countries interested in scholarships should make direct enquiries to the Irish Council for International Students (ICOS), www.icosirl.ie, telephone +353-1-6605233, email email@example.com The Department of Food Business & Development and the Centre for Co-operative Studies will be endeavouring to organise research 34 scholarships to offset at least some expenses incurred during the MSc, year 2 of the programme. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION OR INFORMAL DISCUSSION PLEASE CONTACT Dr. Olive McCarthy or Professor Michael Ward Centre for Co-operative Studies and Department of Food Business and Development University College Cork Cork Ireland Tel +353-21- 4903354 / 4902113 / 4902570 Fax +353-21-4903358 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com OR Ms. Katherine Lehane Postgraduate Admissions University College Cork Cork, Ireland Tel (021) 4902876/4902645 Fax (021) 4273072 E-mail: email@example.com Enquiries from non-EU applicants should be addressed to: Tracy Murphy International Student Office, University College Cork Cork, Ireland Tel +353 21 4904729 Fax +353 21 4904735 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 35 For general information on the Department of Food Business & Development, and the Centre for Co-operative Studies, please visit our web page: http://www.ucc.ie/ccs Perusal of this website will enable the reader to become familiar with the Department and Centre"s comprehensive research programmes which continue to attract considerable funding from both the public and private sectors. The extensive publications lists of both Department and Centre, covering all aspects of co-operative organisation, food marketing and rural development, are to be found on this website. 36
Pages to are hidden for
"Higher Diploma in"Please download to view full document


text:
Property to let in Canada Cottages, Lindsey, Ipswich IP7 - 2 bedrooms
£595 pcm (£137 pw)
Smock Meadow, Bildeston, Ipswich, Suffolk. IP7End terrace house to rent - 2 bedrooms
A two bedroom end of terrace house with separate sitting room, 14ft kitchen/dining room with modern cabinetry, first floor bathroom, private rear garden and designated parking, all occupying a pleasant position within this cul de sac development only ... More details
Note: Distances are straight line measurements
- Stowmarket (6.9 miles)
- Needham Market (7.0 miles)
Marketed by Frost and Partners, IP7. Call 01473 558490

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Kampfer 8-9 Episode
You are going to watch Kampfer 8-9 Anime Show for free with English Subs Episode Online.
if Kampfer Episode 8-9 are not working, please try one of the Video Mirrors.
Upload by: chia214
Updated: November 13, 2012
You are watching Kampfer 8-9 Episode in High Quality English subbed. Kampfer 8-9 Episode is from Kampfer anime series. If you enjoyed Kampfer 8-9 Episode please share it with others! Please note that this Episode is hosted on a third-party video sharing website, and it is not affiliated with Chia-Anime.


text:
|Twitter list memberships
|Check out the latest Twitter Lists you have been included in. We will show a maximum of the last 20 lists, latest one first. You can also view the other members and subscribers of the lists.
|You can also check out this feature on our mobile website
|Twitter since
|Sarah ❀☮Ⓛⓞⓥⓔ☮❀
|2,160 days
|❀Save Redwoods ❀Share Earth #Activist #Children #Animals #MentalHealth #Autism #LGBT #Forests #tweet4taiji #TFB #MGWV #Peace #Love =✿^._.^= @CoralKittyCat ❤ Ⓥ
|List by: GURPTEET INSAN @Gur_Preet_
|Name: For-more-followers
Members: 233
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-02-23
|List by: Steve Ⓥ Cunio @SunPlantPlate
|Name: Vegan-Friends, Vegan individuals
Members: 10
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-15
|List by: Nicolas David @_nicolasdavid_
|Name: love
Members: 357
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-23
|List by: Leonardo Penotti @penotti
|Name: Human rights ✔, Human rights, activism,
Members: 100
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-01-19
|List by: iTwenty Seven Ltd @iTwenty_Seven
|Name: i27 Fujitsu Scanners, Call our sales team on +254 702 272727 for better deals
Members: 117
Subscribers: 1
|List created: 2015-02-20
|List by: ticckle @ticckle
|Name: Top Gamechangers, (generated using http://SocialBro.com)
Members: 4,093
Subscribers: 5
|List created: 2015-03-26
|List by: Richie Kawamoto @richiekawamoto
|Name: Cool Peeps
Members: 413
Subscribers: 1
|List created: 2012-12-09
|List by: ∆ @kopimi ∆ @mazanga @mazanga
|Name: F4F FOLLOWTRAINS, #kopimi #TFBC #MGWV #F4F #TFB_Cats #RT #KittyTrain #FOLLOWKITTIES #Followme #IFOLLOWBACK #FUF #thx
Members: 428
Subscribers: 24
|List created: 2014-11-28
|List by: Orquestas Canarias @OrquestasCanari
|Name: Lista LGBT Internacional, Análisis internacional del hashtag LGBT
Members: 1,602
Subscribers: 6
|List created: 2015-03-15
|List by: STYS Thompson @stysthompson
|Name: 200k+, Twitter account with tons of followers
Members: 15
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-25
|List by: Ready for 2016 @MayaSandersfarm
|Name: Fake-acctsfake-followers, Douchebags
Members: 1
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-24
|List by: IanRDavis @_InThisTogether
|Name: Top 500 Twitterers, Top 500 Twits who tweet, follow and tweet tweets
Members: 252
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-23
|List by: Anne-Margot Rodde @AnneMargotR
|Name: Influential Women
Members: 1,969
Subscribers: 3
|List created: 2015-03-23
|List by: Ina Afamily @InaAfds
|Name: AFollow
Members: 155
Subscribers: 1
|List created: 2015-01-22
|List by: Must Zarrou @Conniemus0ran
|Name: Cadeaux ?, WC Fields: It's a gift ;-)
Members: 7
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-23
|List by: Adam Sarwar @AdamSarwar
|Name: People Ive Faved
Members: 638
Subscribers: 3
|List created: 2014-11-09
|List by: Erin Rath @SoDakErin
|Name: Social Justice
Members: 124
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2014-12-26
|List by: C. Fandomhunter @timelordidjit81
|Name: People
Members: 118
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2014-08-25
|List by: B2B Analytics @B2B_Analytics
|Name: Twitter List SuperStars
Members: 113
Subscribers: 1
|List created: 2015-03-21
|List by: [censored] @xoCENSOREDox
|Name: support
Members: 30
Subscribers: 0
|List created: 2015-03-12
|For remarks, suggestions and complaints, you can contact us at: firstname.lastname@example.com. On Twitter you can find us here: @gl_twop_1000


text: 500 pts Nature Trivia <KXRB Classic Country VIP Club According to this article, a boat made of what sailed a boulder across Lake Titicaca? Click here for the answer. Sign in to Participate Category: Trivia Ends: Monday January 14 at 10:59PM CST Visit our sponsor: Click here for the answer! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! More Ways To Get and Use Points Win $2,500 Cash!Win a ChromebookWin a $100 Visa Gift CardWin a $500 Apple Gift CardWin a ZVOX SoundBase 670 Home Theater Sound SystemWin a $250 Target Gift Card


text:
July 1, 1994
| Article
With the decision of a few state boards to require salons to use tuberculocidal disinfectants, manufacturers and industry associations debate whether they are really necessary for use in salons.
March 1, 1994
| Article
Salon sanitation is the biggest issue facing you as a professional today. If you do not abide by the codes of sanitation outlined by your state board, you risk losing not only your license but your reputation and clients as well.
Hidden Gems: Underside Nail Art11 photos
Nail Looks From NYFW F/W2015188 photos
(La Habra, Calif.)
Rudolph International/Soft Touch
Olsen's upbeat personality and determination to pass along at least one new piece of...
Learn More
Should I have a TV in my salon?
Is perfectionism on the job a blessing or a curse?
Featured Products & Promotions | Advertisement
How big is the U.S. nail business? $7.3 billion. What's the average service price for a manicure? Dig into our decades' deep research archives.
View All
The U.S. Vietnamese salon industry represents more than half of all salons. VietSALON serves this market with a bi-monthly Vietnamese language print magazine and a community-oriented website.
Get a free preview issue and a Free Gift
Subscribe Today!


text:
Puppet mastersJeb Wallace-Brodeur / Staff Photo
Puppeteer Dan Baginski, left, of No Strings Marionettes, helps Julia Caserta, 8, center, with a costume for her cyclops puppet.
Third-graders at Montpelier's Union Elementary School have been up to their elbows in puppets for the past couple weeks. For the past dozen years, puppeteers Dan Baginski and Barbara Poulin of the No Strings Marionette Company in Randolph have been coming to the school for an intensive puppet making and performance worshop. Students design and create their own fully operational puppet, then give voice to its character and bring it to life in performance. Above, Baginski helps Julia Caserta, 8, center, with a costume for her cyclops puppet earlier this week at the school. Left, Louisa Braun, 9, left, and Linnea Colwell, 8, look over accessories to use in decorating their puppets. Below, Carmen Richardson-Skinder, 9, applies orange paint to the head of her puppet.MORE IN Central VermontPolice: Woman broke conditions Full StoryMONTPELIER The city hopes to have many of its so-called dual utility poles cleared out by the... Full StoryFormer Act 250 coordinator wants to assist in Kohl's review Full Story
- Most Popular
- Most Emailed


text:
Ken Oldright: Seattle Port Police Marine Patrol Unit
This segment provides an overview of how Seattle Port Police overcome maritime obstacles. While the job is still the same as a patrol officer, adding the element of water creates new challenges.
Join the discussion
Be the first
to comment
to comment
Ken Oldright: Seattle Port Police Marine Patrol Unit
PoliceOne top 5
- 1 P1 Humor Corner: 25 signs that you're a cop
- 2 Video: Actress apologizes after dash cam refutes claim her son was racially profiled
- 3 Wis. trooper, suspect, motorist killed in shootings
- 4 Video: Ariz. cop escapes death as gunman attempts to sneak up behind him
- 5 Suspect dead, 8 cops injured in Ariz. melee


text:
Data and Telecommunications: Systems and Applications
Author: Charles N. Thurwachter
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Price: $98 US
Reviewer: Derek Vadala
I have been looking for a book like this for a long time. While TCP/IP, Internet routing and Ethernet are well-covered topics, the telcommunications network that connects the Internet to other data networks, public and private, and to individual organizations and networks is often overlooked.
Many of us use dial-up networking, dedicated circuits (T1, DS3) and DSL on a daily basis, but it's not often that Linux users and system administrators are exposed to the physical or network layers of telecommunications systems. In fact, we're often forced to rely on ISP help desks and specialized phone company personnel who rarely grasp the big picture and are armed with only troubleshooting checklists. This book would make a good reference for any hobbyist or professional who needs to understand these technologies on a more fundamental level, although it might not be the best choice for casual readers.
Billed as an in-depth discussion of data communications presented in a way that is "understandable for students who have a limited mathematical background", Data and Telecommunications covers concepts behind analog and digital communications and the way they have been applied to telecommunications systems and data networks. Thurwachter begins with a concise introduction to the topic, after which he covers electromagnetic signals, metallic (copper) and optical (fiber) media and antennas. These chapters, like most of the book, take an academic approach to their topics. Because of this, I think many readers will find the book a bit inaccessible.
After covering the basics, Thurwachter launches into a fairly academic discussion of signal and fourier analysis, and amplitude, angle and pulse modulation and demodulation. Although the book prides itself on non-mathematical discussions of the topic, I found that mathematical concepts had not been replaced with thorough real-world analogies and clear high-level explanations.
Chapter 11 (multiplexing) will likely have the biggest appeal to readers who come from UNIX and TCP/IP-based networking backgrounds. It covers channelized T1 and DS3 circuits, as well as signaling associated with these circuits. Thurwachter follows with coverage of error correction and digital modulation.
Chapters 14 and 15 attempt to cover the OSI model and networking hardware. These chapters are better covered by Tannenbaum and Stevens and are clearly written for an audience without any networking experience. Chapter 16 on telecommunications thoroughly covers the details of phone-switching equipment and call routing, but it lacks a practical discussion of the topic. For example, in a discussion of 2-wire vs. 4-wire circuits, no mention of T1 being a common 4-wire circuit is made, despite the fact that it is a widely deployed communication link.
The book finishes with a brief discussion of networking protocols, but like earlier chapters, this topic is covered more thoroughly and with better clarity in other texts. While there is some good information in Data and Telecommunications, it's hard to find it in the middle of a book meant for students. Because of its hefty price, this book probably won't make a good addition to home libraries. But since it does contain some useful, hard-to-find information, I'd recommend buying a copy for the office and passing it around.
Derek Vadala lives in Portland, Oregon where he is currently writing a book for O'Reilly. Feel free to contact him at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Re: Book Review: Data and Telecommunications: Systems and Applic
Great book !
- What continuous engineering is
- How to continuously improve complex product designs
- How to anticipate and respond to markets and clients
- How to get the most out of your engineering resources
Sponsored by IBM
Learn to:
- Define service virtualization
- Select the most beneficial services to virtualize
- Improve your traditional approach to testing
- Deliver higher-quality software faster
Sponsored by IBM
Trending Topics
Free DevOps eBooks, Videos, and more!
Regardless of where you are in your DevOps process, Linux Journal can help!
We offer here the DEFINITIVE DevOps for Dummies, a mobile Application Development Primer, and advice & help from the expert sources like:
- Forrester
- Gartner
- Linux Journal
|Users, Permissions and Multitenant Sites
|Mar 26, 2015
|New Products
|Mar 24, 2015
|Flexible Access Control with Squid Proxy
|Mar 23, 2015
|Solving ODEs on Linux
|Mar 19, 2015
|DevOps: Everything You Need to Know
|Mar 19, 2015
|Tighten Up SSH
|Mar 18, 2015
- Be a Mechanic...with Android and Linux!
- New Products
- Users, Permissions and Multitenant Sites
- Flexible Access Control with Squid Proxy
- Security in Three Ds: Detect, Decide and Deny
- High-Availability Storage with HA-LVM
- Tighten Up SSH
- Solving ODEs on Linux
- DevOps: Everything You Need to Know
- Non-Linux FOSS: MenuMeters


text:
Weekend Wrap-Up: HBO Now is Real; Apple Unveils New MacBook
Let's not beat the dead horse that is the Apple Watch. Yes, we saw it last week. Yes, Apple spent a fair amount of stage time talking about it. But did Apple tell us anything we didn't already know? Not really.Apple … [Read more...]


text:
'Local News' Archives
High School Band Car Wash fundraiser
The Berthoud High School Band Car Wash fundraiser Wednesday, October 6 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. At the Colorado Rapid Car Wash on the west end of Berthoud. A great opportunity to get your car clean for Homecoming and support the BHS Band!
Political Events Calendar for Larimer County
Political Events Calendar for Larimer County Tuesday, October 5 Ballot Initiative 60, 61 & 101 Information Meeting, 7-9 pm Mountain View High School Cafeteria 3500 Mountain Lion Drive, Loveland Guest Panel Sheriff James Alderden Robert Keister, Larimer County Budget Director Lucille Steiner, President, Thompson R2-J Board of Education Eric Wilkinson, General Manager, Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District Hosted by Larimer County Farmers ... Full Story
Berthoud Town Board: No meeting October 5
Border lake shooting victim's wife recounts
Border lake shooting victim's wife recounts ordeal The Associated Press Berthoud, Colo., native Tiffany Young-Hartley, 29, told The Denver Post she and her husband, David, were sightseeing Thursday on private personal watercraft on ... Couple on water skis shot at in border lake San Antonio Express News By Lynn Brezosky BROWNSVILLE — Gunmen presumed to be Mexican drug operatives opened fire on Thursday on a couple riding water skis on the binational Falcon Lake ... Full Story
Berthoud Police Beat, September 2010
Police Beat September 1 to 30 Wednesday, Sept. 1 A Mazda Miata was reported stolen from the 700 block of Eighth Street. The vehicle was found in California the following weekend with the front end damaged from a motor vehicle accident. Staff at Ivy Stockwell Elementary requested a School Resource Officer to assist in a juvenile problem at the school. Police responded to an ongoing juvenile problem at the high school. Baby squirrels in the yard in the 200 block of Second Street ... Full Story
Charges filed in The Reservoir Road Fire
Larry R. Abrahamson District Attorney Larimer & Jackson Counties On September 14, 2010, the Larimer County Sheriff's Office submitted to the Eighth Judicial District Attorney's Office the results of their investigation of the Reservoir Road Fire near Loveland, Colorado. A thorough review of the facts, circumstances surrounding the Reservoir Fire and applicable state law was conducted. On September 24, 2010, the District Attorney's Office charged Joel Ledermann with ... Full Story
It is Scarecrow time again
Enter the Main Street Scarecrow Parade! Bring old clothes, hats, anything to make your scarecrow, and we supply the head and frame. Come alone or as a group -- open to all ages. At the Library, after school as follows: Berthoud Elementary, Monday, September 27, 3:40 pm Turner Middle School, Tuesday, September 28, 2:50 pm (Art Room) Ivy Stockwell, Wednesday, September 29, 2:10 pm You don't need to be a student to participate. Create your scarecrow, ... Full Story
Berthoud Planning and Zoning: Agenda
TOWN OF BERTHOUD PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING SEPTEMBER 23, 2010 BERTHOUD TOWN HALL 328 MASSACHUSETTS AVE 7:00 P.M. 1. Call to Order 2. Roll Call Christopher Thorne, Chairman Scott Banzhaf Ray Johnson Jim Doyle Dave Skiles Jane Clevenger Lori Taylor John Goreski, Rural Representative All matters listed under Item 3, Consent Agenda, are considered routine by the Planning and Zoning Commission and will be enacted ... Full Story
Forest Order Addresses Extreme Fire Danger
Fort Collins, Colo. (Sept. 16, 2010) – Forest Supervisor Glenn Casamassa today signed an order that prohibits the following actions on the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests in Boulder, Clear Creek, Gilpin, Jefferson, Larimer, and Park counties. Building, maintaining, attending or using a fire or campfire, charcoal, coal, or wood stove, except within a developed recreation site. The use of petroleum-fueled stoves, lanterns or heating devices, providing such devices meet the ... Full Story
Larimer County Adopts Fire Restrictions on Open Fires
Larimer County, Colorado – The Board of Larimer County Commissioners adopted fire restrictions on Open Fires and Fireworks beginning immediately and continuing through November 1, 2010. These restrictions are based on a recommendation from Larimer County Sheriff Jim Alderden in light of dry conditions and prohibit the use of: Open fires and fireworks in the unincorporated areas of Larimer County. Contained open fires are not restricted at this time. Because 'contained open ... Full Story


text:
'Rocket Club' is Starbuck native's musical launch
Busting into the music scene is as hard as it gets, and no one has tried harder than Starbuck native Matt Kirkwold.
After graduating from the Minnewaska High School in 1992, Kirkwold headed straight to Minneapolis for music studies and only two years later began working as a music producer.
He's enjoyed some regional success as a producer, most notably for his work with Quietdrive and its first LP release.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? You can activate your account here: Activate All Access.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at email@example.com and we can help you.


text:
Thanks for this post. It is nice to have the information on the BoM cost of Fire phone. I was amazed to see that while Amazon has prices Fire at @ USD 649, the Chinese manufacture Xiaomi has priced Mi3 at ~USD 249 (in India). There features offered by Mi3 is almost the same as those of Fire. Hence I would assume the BoM cost of Mi3 similar as that of Fire. It would be interesting to have the same teardown exercise done on Mi3... :)
March 28 is Arduino Day -- Break Out the Party Hats!
Max Maxfield 7 comments
Well, here's a bit of a conundrum. I just received an email from my chum David Ashton who hails from the "Unfinished Continent" Down Under. David's message was short and sweet; all he said ...
A Book For All Reasons
Bernard Cole 1 Comment
Robert Oshana's recent book "Software Engineering for Embedded Systems (Newnes/Elsevier)," written and edited with Mark Kraeling, is a 'book for all reasons.' At almost 1,200 pages, it ...
Leonard Nimoy, We'll Miss you
Martin Rowe 5 comments
Like many of you, I was saddened to hear the news of Leonard Nimoy's death. His Star Trek character Mr. Spock was an inspiration to many of us who entered technical fields.
Making the Grade in Industrial Design
Rich Quinnell 16 comments
As every developer knows, there are the paper specifications for a product design, and then there are the real requirements. The paper specs are dry, bland, and rigidly numeric, making ...


text:
BPL Community Profile
KEN LARSON (KENLARSON) - BPL Lifetime Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by KEN LARSON
Showing 171 - 180 of 638 | Page: 1 ...9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ...64
****FS Marmot Nutshell Tent****
Yep this is an "oldie" introduce back in 1996 and a Backpacker Magazine Editors Choice Award winner. A lean 2P tent with excellent ceiling height and designed in a unique asymmetrical pat...
titanium spatula
What are the Length & Width dimensions? What type of material was used for a heat insulator on the handle?
Re: BD Alpine Start Hooded Jacket
Richard .....I did not inquire, an over sight!
BD Alpine Start Hooded Jacket
This data might interest some: The Alpine Start is at 40 CFM FROM: Brad Curkendall Black Diamond Equipment
Seam Sealing eVent Mitts
I seamed sealed the MLD mitts a bit different after my research and using "past knowledge" seam sealing tents and clothing over twenty years. My method is as follows: PREP: 1. I u...
Caldera Cone Awesomeness
Is one to assume you did this test as before (NO stakes, ~same water temp & environment) and just added more alcohol?
And There Was Light
You can run the stove with the pot all the way down on the cone, but that chokes it out a good bit and doesn't allow the flame front needed to fully burn the off gasses. Your next run, you n...
Still lost
Did you have the stakes in the tri-ti sidewinder?
Fry Bread on the Trail
Indian Fry Bread Recipe Servings - Makes 2 ¾ cup servings enough for 2 days Prep time: 15 min Cook time: 8 min Ingredients: ¼ cup unbleached flour ¾ rye flour 1 teaspoon salt ½ Tbsp...
MYOG eVent mitten shells
PM sent
All Reader Reviews by KEN LARSON
Showing 1 - 6 of 6 | Page: 1
123Mountain OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT
>>>>>>>>BEWARE<<<<<<<< Read the BB Business Review BELOW before you decide to purchase ITEMS from this company. BB Business Review
Would highly recommend ANY of SOTO's products as they RATE 5 in my estimation. I have purchased and have used many of SOTO's products (STOVES: iso & white gas and POCKET TORCHES: butan...
Sawyer In-Line Filter
MSR Mountain Safety Research HyperFlow microfilter
I purchased one of the very first MSR Hyperflow filters from REI (April08) and experienced many of the filter issues that have been mentioned (reduced output, hard pumping, backflushing difficulties a...
Alpkit CarbonLite
CarbonLite hiking/trekking pole review: • I have been using "h...
PossumDown Gloves (BPL Gear Shop)
I was interested in the level of warmth provided by an overmitt and wool liner combination and did some cold weather testing of hand gear for the last three days, since the temperatures in Michigan we...


text:
Top Linksmain detailsbiographyby votesphoto galleryquotes
Filmographiesby yearby typeby ratingsby votesby TV seriesby genreby keyword
Did You Know?photo galleryquotes
Madame Royale (Character)
from La révolution française (1989)
Alternate Names:
FilmographyEdit Credits
- "The Days That Made History"
... aka "Ce jour là, tout a changé" - France (original title)
- L'évasion de Louis XVI (2009) TV episode, Played by Sophie Nounouhi
- Marie-Antoinette (2006) (TV) Played by Chloé Rocheleau (as Marie-Thérèse)
- Marie Antoinette (2006) Played by Lauriane Mascaro (as Marie Therese) / Florrie Betts (as Marie Therese)
- Jefferson in Paris (1995) Played by Louise Balsan (as Madame Royal)
- La révolution française (1989) Played by Katherine Flynn
- "Marie-Antoinette" (1975) TV series Played by Anne-Laure Meury (as Mme Royale à Versailles) / Aude Landry (as Mme Royale aux Tuileries)
- Shadow of the Guillotine (1956) Played by Yannick Malloire (as Mme Royale)
... aka "Marie-Antoinette reine de France" - France (original title)
- Paméla (1945) Played by Nicole Maurey (as Mme Royale)
- Marie Antoinette (1938) Played by Marilyn Knowlden (as Princesse Thérèse)
- The Iron Duke (1934) Played by Gladys Cooper (as Duchess d'Angouleme)
Additional Details
Plot Keywords:
Fun Stuff
Ambassador Mercy: How pretty Madame Royale is today.
Marie Therese - 6 years: I am pleased you find me so.
See more »
You may correct errors and omissions on this page directly. Clicking the 'Update' button will take you through a step-by-step process.


text:
Very good grinders (subs where im from) piled high with meat and toppings! The guy making our grin...subs, was very friendly and accommodating to a special order.
We go here year round. The grinders are always tasty. They do put a bit too much meat in them, but that is what they are famous for. I just give the extra to someone else. Definitely the best grinders in town. It's a hidden spot, mostly the locals go there.
If you want a great grinder, this is the place! Home made Roast beef is the best you can find. Great bread.
If you love fresh grinders and you are in Niantic, try this restaurant! You really can't go wrong, no matter what you order!
We found this little hole-in-the-wall in Niantic, CT. We were starving and our expectations were pretty low but we found a hidden gem. The place has new owners and they are pulling all the stops to make customers happy. They cook huge hunks of real, fresh turkey and beef right there and the beef is rare and delicious. I don't...
Under new ownership (seems every 12 mo's), but this seems to be the best yet. The sandwiches are solid, great bread and a few in house smoked meats. Would recommend now with the new ownership. Always seemed a bit sketchy in the past :)
A stop at Hartford Giant Grinder accompanies any beach day for our family. Fresh bread, cut-to-order meats, crisp veggies...I couldn't make a fresher grinder at home. We love the Italian layered thick with ham, mortadella, salami, fresh lettuce, tomato and a layer of spicy banana peppers! Keep in mind the sub sizes are massive - have the staff show you...
This place is a very well kept shop, with great grinders and a kind
staff that will put a smile on anyones face. I haven't heard one bad thing about this place... and mostly I hear about how full people were, because the grinders are exquisitely made with at least half a pound of meat, and all kinds of veggies....
This is a tiny shop that can be a little hard to find. It's off of Pennsylvania Ave. tucked away behind the Colonial Market. This is not a place you'll want to eat in at. The grinders themselves are fine. All the meats are cut to order, as they should be. The bread can be good to stale depending on...
Register now for free — and start getting automatic notification of new reviews, responding to traveler feedback, adding new photos to your listing and much more.


text:
State Fair of Louisiana Is Back Open Today
The State Fair of Louisiana closed early on Wednesday because of the weather, but it's back open today just in time for Halloween and dollar day.
The State Fair of Louisiana closed early on Wednesday because of the weather, but it's back open today just in time for Halloween and dollar day.
The State Fair of Louisiana opens Thursday and runs through November 10th.
October is breast cancer awareness month, and we are gearing up for the Susan G. Komen Race for the Cure in Shreveport Saturday, November 2. You can get ready for the big day by following these simple steps:
It's time for the Red River Revel. The festival opens tomorrow and runs through October 12th.
KVKI will be out at the Shoppes at Bellmead on Youree Drive Friday to help fight breast cancer.
School starts in less than two weeks for many students in Shreveport-Bossier, and it's time to start thinking about back to school shopping. You should know that you won't pay sales tax on most consumer goods on Friday, August 2 and Saturday, August 3.
We have already gotten several great photos of dogs from all over the area. Do you have a great picture of your dog? We want to see it.
The 22nd annual Cross Lake Floatilla is set for Saturday, June 1. This year's theme is "Pontoons In Paradise."
OK, I never really had a great impression of John Mayer because of all the publicity and the interviews he did about the famous women he dated. I really don't like "kiss and tell" guys.
Despite some recent bad press, turns out John Mayer is actually a stand-up guy. The singer made a surprise visit to Shreveport Wednesday on his way to the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival to help build a home for a local Army veteran.
Cork -- A Red River Revel Wine Event is happening at Festival Plaza Saturday from 2-5 p.m.
I have gotten so many great messages for my son who is at Marine Basic Training in Parris Island, South Carolina. I did get connected with a great parent website.
He's about to wrap up week 2 and I will be sending him your messages.


text: Luke PlunkettProfileFollowUnfollow Luke PlunkettFiled to: Blip East vs west Paradix interactive PC Kotakucore 11/28/12 9:35pm 11/28/12 9:35pmEditDelete InviteInvite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for kotakuHideShare to KinjaShare to FacebookShare to PinterestShare to TwitterGo to permalinkCombining war, politics and the economy in a massive Cold War strategy game? Must be a Paradox joint. 4Reply 4Discuss


text:
Disclaimer: I do not own or make money off of Riddick or Harry Potter.
AN: So everyone I have finally decided that I have bit off more than I can chew. So I have a new poll in my profile to see what stories I should keep. The others will be put up for adoption, though they will be in my profile just in case inspiration hits. If you would like to adopt please send me a PM so I can update the story so all the readers can know where to find it. I will not post about the adoption until after a new chapter has been added to the existing. Too many adopted stories only have the original chapters, just under a new author's name, nothing new added and that bugs me.
Chapter one
It was lifetimes ago that the wizarding world fell. No one really knew when it had started, or who had revealed them to the major players in the muggle world. After only a few short years every magical settlement had been found and raided. Those that weren't killed hid the only way they knew how. They joined the muggles leaving the earth for the stars.
Leading the wizards off planet was the Savior of the Wizarding World. Harry Potter. The wizards had long since given up on trying to figure out how he managed to stay young and live for so long. For the first few years they had tried to take him in to the ministry to figure out how he did it. Harry didn't hesitate to make his opinion of that plan known to all.
The ministry never bothered to try to repair the damage. Nothing they tried ever worked anyway.
Harry led what was left of His people to new planets, each one leaving some behind. But Harry kept going, even when the last of His people had found a place to belong, he continued on. Something inside him just wouldn't let him rest.
Over time his name became known through stories and legends as the name of the last great sorcerer. The Wizards he had saved spreading his story to any who would hear. Years passed and the story of Harry Potter soon faded from fact to fiction then slowly into myth and mystery.
Wanting to be forgotten, Harry stopped using his earth name and simply went by the name Jay. A name that many had and none would remember when he finally left. He became a shadow, just what he wanted.
He watched from the shadows as the magic he had saved was bred out into the people of the new worlds, only manifesting in small ways. The seers and elementals having more than the rest, he always made sure to avoid them at all cost, never finding any reason to risk them sensing his power.
Time eventually found Jay boarding a vessel called the Hunter-Gratzner with his prospecting friends, Shazza and her husband Zeke. He had met them a few years previous and had struck up an unlikely friendship. They didn't seem to mind that their friend never seemed to age.
Jay curiously watched as a blond haired man marched a cuffed man onboard the ship. The black haired man couldn't stop the shiver that passed through his body when the dangerous man walked passed him into a nearby Cry-pod. 'I do like the dangerous type.'
His fascinated eyes met the goggled covered mans as the blue eyed man pushed a bit into the man's mouth and chained him in. Jay sighed softly in disappointment. He would have liked to hear the other man's voice.
He knew who this was; he had seen a reward posted for him. Richard B. Riddick. One of the most deadly men alive, and one Jay would love to have a tumble with.
Jay shook himself out of his thoughts as the blue eyed man moved to the cryo-pod across from him. The man smirked at him in a way that Jay supposed was supposed to be flirty, but just made him look like a conceited ass. Jay rolled his eyes and closed his pod. He would much rather be asleep for this trip, if only so he didn't have to deal with a man who's whole stature spoke of a self-righteous attitude.
The posture and feel of a mercenary who just landed a big score.
Jay relaxed as the feel of muffled sleep over took him. His sleepy thoughts moving to the man with the goggles, Jay really wished he could see the deadly man's eyes.
They say most of your brain shuts down in cryosleep. All but the primitive side...the animal side.
No wonder I'm still awake.
Transporting me with civilians, sounded like 40, 40 -plus.
Heard an Arab voice, some hoodoo holy man probably on his way to New Mecca.
But what route? What route?
Smelled a woman, sweat, boots, tool belt, leather prospector type, free settler, and they only take the back roads.
A Man who smelled of leather and rain, a storm about to hit, he smelt dangerous and innocent at the same time. An interesting combination that has my interests peaked. I want Him.
And here's my real problem: Mr. Johns, blue-eyed devil.
Planning on taking me back to slam...only this time he picked a ghost lane.
A long time between stop, a long time for something to go wrong.
I can hear the alarms blaring, something has gone wrong. It sounds bad. I could feel my smirk forming around the bit in my mouth. This was going to be interesting.
Jay gasped as he was jerked out of Cryosleep by the loud alarm that spoke of trouble. 'Great, my luck crashes in again.' The sarcastic thoughts where cut off when he heard a second alarm. The alarm he knew from his time training how to fly space ships warned the pilots about a purge. The jerk that followed only confirmed his fears. Someone was purging the ship, and they were getting closer and closer to the main passenger cabin.


text:
Hiv Risk With Condoms
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Risk of catching HIV with a condom? (CONDOM EFFICACY)Hi,I've read the forum, but still can't entirely find an answer for my question. The situation was receiving anal sex, with a condom, and neither person ejaculated. Don't know the other person's HIV status. How much risk for catching it? I saw some...
Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation...or she would have PEP meds swallowed faster than Bush can write " I souport publik edekasion" 3. That depends on your level of risk. For instance, some magnetic couples don't use condoms for oral sex, some may not use condoms "properly" each and... Read more »
Risk when condom fails with HIV + manDr. Bob: I recently had sex with an HIV positive top man, we used a condom but it broke. I read in... Read more »
Very low risk of contracting HIV when not using condomsHello Bob, Many thanks for your second reply, and your categorical denial that cleanliness makes... Read more »
Official Says Cambodia Faces New HIV Threat With Condom Campaign at Risk...place to place. "Enforcement of the anti-trafficking law harms the 100 percent condom use in brothels," he noted. "The main risk of a second wave of HIV infections occurring in Cambodia is from female sex workers, their clients, and sweethearts,"... Read more »
Condom Use and HIV Risk Among U.S. Adults...In recent years, the importance of condoms for HIV prevention has remained high as the epidemic has shifted to have more impact on women and persons subject to infection Read more »
FDA Releases Draft Guidelines for Latex Condoms; Packages Would Say They "Greatly Reduce But Do Not Eliminate" Risk of HIV, Pregnancy...on the regulations, including a proposal to require labels to state that condoms "greatly reduce, but do not eliminate," the risk of pregnancy and HIV infection when used correctly during sexual intercourse, the Los Angeles Times reports. The... Read more »
Delayed Application of Condoms With Safer and Unsafe Sex: Factors Associated With HIV Risk in a Community Sample of Gay and Bisexual Men... Delayed condom application (DCA) "has been implicated in HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men," noted the authors. The current study examines the prevalence of DCA in a gay population Read more »
Connect With Others
broken condom/hiv risk?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Replyi am extremely worried, am 22 year old guy went to bali for holiday and had sex with a prostitute in massage parlour. i used a condom but after bout 30 seconds the condom broke and i immediately pulled out and washed myself and am worried sick. it... Read more »
Risks of HIV Infection
Posted by chrisenquist, 2 Replies...Few days ago, I had protected sex with a sex worker at Thailand. I used condoms but I have few doubts on the condom usage with regards to Risks of HIV Infection 1st: What are the risks of infection if the Read more »
Posted by Anonymous, 2 Replies...What are the chances of catching hiv when: You have sex with a male with the condom on, after he cums he pulls the condom off and you play around for around 10 minutes Read more »
Vaginal sex experience with PRE-Herpesinfection?
Posted by Anonymous, 1 Reply...vaginal protected condom sex with a paid sex worker and have had herpes for 20 years prior to this encounter am I at risk for hiv and should I test or just forget the entire experience and not test? Thank you fro you time Read more »
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


text:
Oven baked chicken legs keep well (refrigerated) and are great cold. They are terrific for healthy packed lunches and picnics.
When I was growing up, these chicken drumsticks were a staple of meals, leftovers, and packed lunches. We called this baked chicken "oven fried chicken."
All you need:
I no longer recommend using Pyrex glass baking pans or Corningware (due to reports of newer pans shattering unpredictably).
I do recommend European-made ceramic baking pans, such as the Emile Henry 13.8" x 10" lasagna pan. It's a well-made, naturally non-stick pan ideal for roasting chicken parts.
Read my full review of the Emile Henry pan.
Chicken is cooked (done) when juices run clear, rather than bloody, when it is pierced with a fork.
You can bake to your desired level of crispiness.
Thighs: Bake about an hour at 350 degrees.
Whole Leg (a leg and a thigh): Bake a little more than an hour at 350 degrees.
Chicken breast with bone: Bake about an hour at 350 degrees.
Boneless chicken breast: Put a pat of butter on top of each breast. Cover the pan with aluminum foil. Bake about 45 minutes at 350 degrees.
Wings: Bake about an hour at 350 degrees--a little more if you would like them crispier.
Return from Oven Baked Chicken Legs to Healthy Packed Lunches
Return to Getting Started With Healthy Eating Home
Was this article useful? Stay in touch with this site by subscribing to the free Healthy Eating e-zine!


text:
- 22 Resorts
- Consistent Snow
- Diverse destinations
- Resorts open before those of many other states
- Home to Vail, Beaver Creek, Copper Mountain
Related Regions: Vermont, Southern Vermont, Season Pass Deals, New England, North America, United States
Decisions, decisions. Making the decision on where to take the winter vacation can be agonizing. Our editors take you across North America to help narrow your choices. Full Article
10th September 2010
Ride will carry passengers down mountain through forests at Jackson Gore. Full Article
3rd September 2010
Spark ignites a lifelong quest for fun, air, and excellence. Full Article
29th March 2010
Fundraisers, food drives, ticket donations pump up local charities. Full Article
29th March 2010
Sugaring and season pass sales are under way across the region. Full Article
22nd March 2010
Visit on a Sunday found quiet trails. Full Article
8th March 2010
Resorts rely on social media to stay in touch with the faithful. Full Article
15th February 2010
Fabulous January ends with soaking rain. Full Article
26th January 2010
Broken Arrow is a double black diamond trail. Full Article
25th January 2010
Industry promotes safe skiing and snowboarding. Full Article
18th January 2010
31st December 2009
Vermont resort hosts Saturday night outings from Jackson Gore to epic. Full Article
21st December 2009
Temps will feel like winter, and enable snowmakers to ply their trade. Full Article
4th December 2009
First of the season's Cares & Shares Day is Dec. 6 at Sunapee, Dec. 13 at Okemo. Full Article
30th November 2009
Vermont resort aims at Nov. 21 for opening, and sees Thanksgiving as party time. Full Article
9th November 2009
Ludlow resort's new offering is a direct-to-lift way to save. Full Article
2nd November 2009
Okemo's Ross Powers Super Pipe will be steeper this season. Full Article
19th October 2009
New Hampshire resort has two paths to superior knowledge. Full Article
28th September 2009
Okemo Mountain Resort just might be the perfect place for a family getaway. Resplendent in winter, it explodes with color in summer as visitors descend on the resort and neighboring town of Ludlow. There are five lakes, the Black River, Okemo Mountain, and acres of leafy splendor - the perfect place to cycle, fish, hike, and play tennis and golf. Take a horse-drawn carriage ride through Ludlow, picnic at nearby Buttermilk Falls. Fall foliage seekers find time for hiking, horseback riding, and hayrides. Winter weather lovers go ice skating, sledding, and sleigh riding. Full Article
4th May 2009
Okemo plans to run at least until April 19, but will extend if skier and rider interest remains strong. Full Article
24th March 2009
Get snow reports, forecasts, and conditions for your favorite resorts, mountains and ski areas. Get Started


text:
The Times-Picayune, New Orleans Times-Picayune
Fri, 06/22/2012 - 1:56pm
Contractor to replace drawbridge's locking system at a cost of $3.7 million.
Wopular is an
online newspaper rack,
giving you a summary view of the top headlines from the top news sites.
Senh Duong (Founder)Wopular,
Minutes before an explosion destroyed three buildings in Manhattan's East Village, a gas pipe may have been 'inappropriately accessed' underneath one of the buildings, Mayor Bill de Blasio said.
A California woman and her boyfriend say kidnappers entered their house in the middle of the night this week, abducted the woman and held her for ransom before releasing her two days later. Police are skeptical.
An executive director of a Muslim youth center charged with inappropriately touching a 15-year-old girl posted bond after spending 12 days in jail, but he was immediately detained by immigration officials.
For some of the city's aspiring wrestlers, pay is about $20 a gig and shows are staged in a Staten Island church gym.
The Redeye Grill is changing things up for the coming season, bringing a brand new brunch to Midtown with an eye toward international palates.
New condos, shops and galleries are transforming some streets.


text:
New age spot fix
JamieJanuary 8, 2008
I was wandering in BB&B today and came upon pillow - yes, pillows - that are supposed to lighten age spots and even out skin tone. Now I have been known to take a long shot in trying to get rid of age spots, but puhleeze! The "active ingredient" in these pillows is copper that's infused into the case fabric somehow.
I would wear this pillow strapped to my head all day if it would get rid of my age spots. I wish I could believe it.